World Mineral Production 2009-2013

Transcription

World Mineral
Production
2009–2013
BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
WORLD MINERAL PRODUCTION
2009–13
Authors: T J Brown, C E Wrighton, E R Raycraft, R A Shaw, E A Deady,
J Rippingale, T Bide and N Idoine
Technical support: A C MacKenzie
Keyworth, Nottingham
British Geological Survey 2015
© NERC 2015 all rights reserved
First Published 2015
BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG
 0115-936 3100
Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA
 0131-667 1000
London Office, Natural History Museum (Earth Galleries),
Exhibition Road, London SW7 2DE
 020-7589 4090
The full range of Survey publications is available from the
BGS Sales Desks at Nottingham, Edinburgh and London; see
contact details above or shop online at www.geologyshop.com
The London Office also maintains a reference collection of
BGS publications, including maps, for consultation.
The Survey publishes an annual catalogue of its maps and
other publications; this catalogue is available from any of the
BGS Sales Desks.
The British Geological Survey carries out the geological
survey of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the latter as an
agency service for the government of Northern Ireland), and
of the surrounding continental shelf, as well as its basic
research projects. It also undertakes programmes of British
technical aid in geology in developing countries as arranged
by the Department for International Development.
The British Geological Survey is a component body of the
Natural Environment Research Council.
All communications regarding the content of this publication
should be addressed to the Science Director, Minerals &
Waste, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham
NG12 5GG
 0115-936 3495 Fax 0115 936 3200
E-mail minerals@bgs.ac.uk
The compilations presented in this book are copyright and
may not be reproduced in any form without the permission of
the Director, British Geological Survey.
Bibliographical reference
BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 2015. World mineral
production 2009-13. (Keyworth, Nottingham: British
Geological Survey.)
Cover image: Pyrite mineral specimen from the collections of
the British Geological Survey, photographer T Cullen,
BGS © NERC
ISBN 978-0-85272-848-2 (print version)
ISBN 978-0-85272-849-9 (website version)
ii
PREFACE
Following the celebratory ‘Centenary Edition’ released last
year, this volume is the latest in the series World Mineral
Production, published by the British Geological Survey. It
includes global mineral production data for 2013, and is a
continuation of the dataset which began in 1913.
This publication is compiled from a comprehensive database,
maintained by the British Geological Survey, through which
we aim to provide a reliable, comprehensive and continuous
set of data covering most of the minerals that enter
international trade. In this volume we have set out the
production figures by country for more than 70 mineral
commodities, over the five-year period from 2009 to 2013.
The objective of this series remains to present the latest
production information obtained from official bodies in
individual countries, although other sources are also used to
ensure completeness and accuracy. The cooperation afforded
to the British Geological Survey by numerous national and
international organisations is gratefully acknowledged.
The statistics contained in this volume for 2013 reveal some
interesting trends in the global outputs of several commodities.
The largest increase in 2013 compared to 2012 was in the
production of bauxite which increased by nearly 16 per cent,
followed by mine production of tin (up nearly 14 per cent
compared to 2012) and chromium ores and concentrates (up
12 per cent on the previous year). By contrast the largest
decrease in 2013 was in the global output of zirconium
minerals, which was down by 17 per cent compared to 2012
and barytes (down nearly 14 per cent in 2013 compared to the
previous year).
Over the five year period covered by this volume the largest
increases in global output are for magnesite (132 per cent
between 2009 and 2013), mined nickel (up 88 per cent) and
potash (up 66 per cent). Only four of the commodities
included in this volume show a decrease over the five year
period and these are mined bismuth (down nearly 21 per cent
between 2009 and 2013), asbestos (down 8.5 per cent),
graphite (down nearly three per cent) and the mine production
of platinum group metals (down nearly five per cent). For the
latter, the majority of this decrease occurred in 2012 and,
although there has been a two per cent increase in 2013,
global output of platinum group metals remained lower than in
2009, 2010 or 2011.
The concern surrounding the worldwide security of supply of
minerals, which has been evident for a few years now, has
continued especially with regard to the so called ‘critical’
minerals, i.e. those elements that are essential for new and/or
green technologies. New policies and programmes of
supporting research have continued to be developed across the
entire worldwide supply chain, with the common aims of
diversifying the supply base, improving resource efficiency
(which includes, but is not limited to, recycling), and
developing alternatives for the most constrained elements both
in terms of substituting materials and other technologies.
In the UK, the Natural Environment Research Council
(NERC) is funding a Security of Supply (SoS) research
programme aimed at improving our understanding of the
formation of deposits for critical metals and developing the
extractive metallurgy of their ores. At the European level, a
number of recent projects have been completed or are ongoing
in this subject area. These include: the recent update of the
criticality assessment which increased the list of the EU’s
‘critical’ minerals (or groups of minerals) from 14 to 20; a
study on the competitiveness of the EU mineral raw materials
sector; European intelligence network on the supply of raw
materials (Minerals4EU; www.minerals4eu.eu); a study
relating to raw material system analysis; Blue Mining
(www.bluemining.eu), which relates to sustainable deep sea
mining; the European rare earth element project (EURARE;
www.eurare.eu); and many others. BGS is involved as a
collaborating partner in a number of these, or, where we are
not directly involved, our expertise has proved to be
invaluable to the project team. All these studies require data,
such as that provided in this volume, as a foundation for the
research.
As always, I would welcome any comments and suggestions
that you have relating to this volume which might help us to
meet your ongoing needs.
John N Ludden
Executive Director
British Geological Survey
Keyworth
Nottingham
February 2015
iii
CONTENTS
EXPLANATORY NOTES
Commodity Index
Coverage
Alumina 3
Aluminium 4
Antimony 5
Arsenic 5
Asbestos 6
Barytes 7
Bauxite 2
Bentonite 8
Beryl 10
Bismuth 10
Borates 11
Bromine 11
Cadmium 12
Chromium 13
Coal 14
Cobalt 17
Copper 19
Diamond 22
Diatomite 23
Feldspar 24
Ferro alloys 37
Fluorspar 25
Fuller’s earth 8
Gallium 26
Germanium 26
Gold 27
Graphite 29
Gypsum 30
Indium 32
Iodine 32
Iron ore 33
Iron and steel 35
Kaolin 40
Lead 42
Lithium 44
Magnesite 45
Magnesium 45
Manganese 46
Mercury 47
Mica 48
Molybdenum 49
Natural gas 55
Natural sodium carbonate 66
Nepheline syenite 50
Nickel 50
Niobium 70
Perlite 52
Petroleum 53
Phosphates 57
Platinum 58
Potash 59
Pyrites 67
Rare earths 60
Rhenium 60
Salt 61
Selenium 64
Silicon 61
Sillimanite 64
Silver 65
Strontium 66
Sulphur 67
Talc 69
Tantalum 70
Tellurium 71
Tin 72
Titanium 73
Tungsten 74
Uranium 75
Vanadium 75
Vermiculite 76
Wollastonite 76
Zinc 77
Zirconium 79
World Mineral Production covers the majority of
economically important mineral commodities. For each
commodity constant efforts are made to ensure that as many
producing countries as possible are reported. For some
commodities, where statistics on production are not publicly
available, estimates are made. Users of this compilation are
advised that more statistical information than can be included
in a publication of this nature is held in the British Geological
Survey files and is available for consultation. Historical data
(from 1913 for many commodities) can be obtained from the
predecessors to this series entitled World Mineral Statistics
and the Statistical Summary of the Mineral Industry. Copies of
these publications are available in the World Archive section
of the website: www.mineralsUK.com.
Arrangement of countries
Countries are ordered alphabetically in geographical
groupings as follows:
Europe
Africa
North and Central America, including the Caribbean
South America
Asia
Australasia, including the Pacific Islands
Metals
Mine production of many metals is expressed in terms of metal
content. This is clearly indicated at the head of the table,
adjacent to the unit used. For aluminium, cobalt, copper, iron,
lead, nickel, tin and zinc, mine production and metal
production are shown in separate tables. Unless otherwise
specified, metal production statistics relate to metal recovered
from both domestic and imported materials, whether primary
or secondary, but exclude remelted material wherever
possible.
World totals
For certain minerals and metals no world total is shown due to
the non-availability of certain individual country totals.
Exclusion of Warranty
Use by recipients of information provided by the BGS, is at
the recipients' own risk. BGS has taken care to ensure that
information provided is as free from error as is reasonably
practical. In view of the disparate sources of information at
BGS's disposal, including such material donated to BGS, that
BGS accepts in good faith as being accurate, the Natural
Environment Research Council (NERC) gives no warranty,
expressed or implied, as to the quality, accuracy, performance,
and merchantability of the information supplied, or to the
information's suitability for any use whether made known to
BGS or otherwise. NERC/BGS accepts no liability whatever
in respect of loss, damage, injury or other occurrence however
caused.
Acknowledgements
Compilation of this volume of mineral statistics has been
possible only by obtaining information from a very large
number of organisations throughout the world, chiefly home
and overseas government departments and specialist national
or international authorities concerned with particular sectors
of the minerals or metals industries. To all these bodies the
British Geological Survey expresses its grateful
acknowledgement for the information made available, whether
iv
in published form or provided by direct correspondence.
Particular acknowledgement is made to the Mines
Departments and other government agencies of many
countries whose regular statements, yearbooks and other
reports are worthy of direct consultations by readers in search
of detail.
Specialist commodity organisations which have kindly
allowed information to be reproduced include the International
Copper Study Group, the International Lead and Zinc Study
Group, the International Nickel Study Group, the Barytes
Association and the International Fertilizer Industry
Association Ltd. In a few instances, information on specific
commodities has been obtained directly from company
sources. The co-operation of other members of the
International Consultative Group on Non-Ferrous Metal
Statistics is also gratefully acknowledged.
Supplementary information is also obtained from publications
dealing with a wider range of commodities such as Société de
l'Industrie Minérale, Annuaire Statistique Mondial des
Minerais et Métaux; World Bureau of Metal Statistics, World
Metal Statistics and, Metallstatistik; publications of the
Interstate Statistical Committee of the CIS, the United States
Geological Survey, and UN agencies.
In addition, information has been obtained from the websites
of the following organisations, companies, statistical offices
and government departments: United Nations; BP Plc;
Eurofer; Eurostat; Instituto Latinoamericano del Fierro y el
Acero; International Iron and Steel Institute; Kaolin & Plastic
Clays Europe; Kimberley Process; World Nuclear
Association; African Development Bank; Agnico Eagle
Mines; Altona Mining; Aluminium de Greece; Amara Mining
plc; Altyntau; Anglo American; AngloGold Ashanti; ARMZ;
Aura Minerals Inc; Avocet Mining plc; Belvedere Resources;
BHP Biliton; Breakwater Resources; Centamin; Centerra
Gold; Consolidated Murchison; CNW Group; CZP; Dominion
Salt; Dragon Mining; Dundee Precious Metals; Eagle
Graphite; ElektroZinc; Endeavour Mining; Endomines;
ENRC; Eramet; Exxaro; Eurozinc Mining Corporation; Evraz;
First Quantum; Glamis Gold; Glencairn Gold; Glencore
Xstrata; GoldBridges; Goldcorp Inc; Iamgold Corporation;
Inmet Mining; IRC Group; Kazzinc; Kazakhmys; Lappland
Goldminers; Lundin Mining; MMG; Nevsun; New Boliden;
Nickel Asia; Nordgold; Norilsk Nickel; Norsk Hydro; Nyrstar;
Orosur Mining Inc; Outokumpu; Paladin Energy Ltd; PanAust
Mining; Phosagro; Phosphate Resources Ltd; Polymetal
Internationa; Qatalum; Qatar Steel Company; RandGold
Resources; Resolute Mining; Rich Metal Group; Rio Narcea;
Rio Tinto; Ronphos Corporation; RNC Gold; Rusal; Semafo;
Sherritt Internationa; SMR; SMZ company; Stillwater Mining;
Sun-gold; Talvivaara; UMMC; Uralkali; Vitmetco; Weatherly
International Plc; Aluar Aluminio, Argentina; Alumbrera,
Argentina; Institute of Argentinean Petroleum and Gas,
Argentina; Institute of Argentinean Steel, Argentina; Acero
Argentinos; Northern Territory Government, Australia;
Department of Primary Industries Victoria, Australia; Mineral
Resources Tasmania, Australia; Bureau of Resources and
Energy Economics, Austrlaia; Vereinigung der
Osterreichishen Zementindustrie, Austria; Energy Bangla,
Bangladesh; Petrobangla, Bangladesh; Central Bank of
Barbados; Federation de l'Industrie Cimentiere Belge,
Belgium; Belgian Steel Federation; Statistics Belgium;
Instituto Nacional de Estatistica Boliva; Cámara Boliviana de
Hidrocarburos, Bolivia; Ministry of Mining and Metallurgy,
Bolivia; Republika Srpska Institute of Statistics, Bosnia &
Herzegovina; Agency for Statistics; Bosnia & Herzegovina;
Departamento Nacional De Producao Mineral, Brazil; Grupo
Paranapanema, Brazil; Agencia Nacional do Petroleo, Brazil;
Associação Brasileira do Alumínio, Brazil; Ministerio de
Minas y Energia, Brazil; Sindicato da Indústria Carbonífera de
Santa Catarina, Brazil; Natural Resources Canada; Statistics
Canada; Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers;
Mineral Resources of Quebec, Canada; Canadian Clay
Products; Chilean Copper Commission; National Service for
Geology and Mining, Chile; China Mining Association;
National Bureau of Statistics, China; Ministerio De Minas Y
Energia, Columbia; Oficina Nacional de Estadisticas, Cuba;
Czech Republic Statistical Office; Statistics Denmark; Danish
Energy Agency, Denmark; Ministerio de Recursos Naturales,
Ecuador; Geological Survey of Finland; Federation des
Minerais, Mineraux Industrielles et Metaux non Ferreux,
France; Comite Professionel de Petrole, France; Unicem,
France; Infociments, France; Statistisches Bundesamt
Deutschland, Germany; RW Silicium, Germany; BEB Erdgas
und Erdol, Germany; Verband der Kali, Germany; National
Statistical Service of Greece; National Bank of Guyana;
Ministerio de Energia y Minas, Guatemala; Federacciai, Italy;
Unione Petrolifera, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Statistica, Italy;
Salt Industry Centre, Japan; Metal Economics Research
Institute, Japan; Statistics Agency of Kazkhstan; Korea
Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Republic of
Korea; Statistical Office of Kosovo; State Agency of Geology
and Mineral Resources, Kyrgyz Republic; Statec,
Luxembourg; Bank Negara Malaysia; Pemex, Mexico; Cámara
Nacional de la Industria del Hierro y del Acero, Mexico;
Servicio Geologico de Mexico; Penoles, Mexico; Mineral
Autlan, Mexico; Grupo Mexico; Mineral Resources &
Petroleum Authority of Mongolia; Statistics Office of
Montenegro; Bank al Maghrib, Morocco; Ministry of Mines,
Morocco; Ministry of Mines and Energy, Namibia; Bank of
Namibia; Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, Netherlands;
Staatstoezicht op de Mijnen, Netherlands; Netherlands Oil and
Gas Portal; Ministry of Economic Development, New
Zealand; Central Bank, Nicaragua; National Bureau of
Statistics, Nigeria; Statistisk Sentralbyra, Norway; Geological
Survey of Norway; Norwegian Petroleum Directorate; Central
Bank of Oman; Ministry of National Economy, Oman;
Direccion de Estadistica y Censo, Panama; Chamber of Mines
and Petroleum, Papua New Guinea; PeruPetro; Ministerio de
Energia y Minas, Peru; Sociedad Nacional de Mineria
Petroleo y Energia, Peru; Mines and Geosciences Bureau,
Philippines; Instituto Nacional de Estatistica, Portugal;
Ministry of Agriculture, Portugal; Centre National de la
Statistique et des Etudes Economiques, Republic of Congo;
National Bank of Rwanda; Agence Nationale de la Statistique
et de la Démographie, Senegal; Statistical Office of the
Republic of Serbia; Central Bank of Sierra Leone; Statistical
Office of the Republic of Slovenia; Central Bank of Solomon
Islands; Unesid, Spain; Staatsolie Maatschappij, Suriname;
Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning, Sweden; Jernkontoret,
Sweden; Statistiska Centralbyran, Sweden; Bureau of Mines,
Taiwan; National Statistics, Taiwan; Bank of Thailand;
Central Bank of Trinidad and Tobago; Department of
Business, Innovation and Skills, United Kingdom; Department
of Energy and Climate Change, United Kingdom; Office for
National Statistics, United Kingdom; Energy Information
Administration, United States of America; Direccion Nacional
de Minería y Geología, Uruguay; General Statistics Office,
Vietnam; Central Statistical Organisation, Republic of Yemen.
v
Units
Symbols
The Statistics shown in this volume are expressed in metric
units. The following factors are given for converting to nonmetric units:
...
0
—
*
BGS
tonnes × 0.9842 = long tons
tonnes × 1.1023 = short tons
kilograms × 2.2046 = pounds
kilograms × 32.1507 = troy ounces
cubic metres × 35.3147 = cubic feet
1 tonne of crude petroleum equals on average 7 barrels of
crude petroleum.
1 flask mercury = 34.5 kilograms
vi
figures not available
quantity less than half unit shown
nil
estimated
British Geological Survey
STATISTICAL INFORMATION
Production of bauxite
tonnes (metric)
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
555 800
500
129 700
1 935 000
317 000
45 779
5 300 000
406 700
827 909
2 300
93 100
1 902 000
365 000
61 205
5 035 000
700 000
707 712
4 800
80 800
2 324 000
277 800
158 614
5 380 000
500 000
800 316
5 700
69 500
1 816 000
255 000
—
5 166 000
450 000
657 115
* 6 000
* 70 000
1 844 000
94 000
61 154
5 322 000
* 400 000
440 000
14 774 240
3 612
742 820
122 920
512 208
16 427 300
8 556
1 089 131
* 31 000
400 069
17 593 100
10 352
1 457 507
* 30 000
752 771
17 823 000
8 352
734 480
43 244
826 994
18 763 000
7 500
543 380
49 952
53 317
8 103 884
20 000
30 240
8 888
8 539 853
21 250
59 143
—
10 188 916
14 400
63 121
10 522
9 339 291
96 000
128 152
769 530
9 435 214
—
* 128 000
Brazil (b)
Guyana
Suriname
Venezuela
26 074 400
1 484 935
3 388 419
3 610 859
32 028 000
1 082 512
3 096 650
3 126 242
33 624 600
1 818 399
3 236 111
2 454 769
34 987 800
2 213 972
2 904 509
2 285 949
33 848 700
1 713 242
2 705 700
2 301 863
China
India (c)
Indonesia
Iran (d)
Iraq
Kazakhstan
Malaysia
Pakistan (e)
Saudi Arabia
Vietnam
29 213 100
14 124 093
14 720 000
522 018
250
5 130 000
274 456
15 629
—
* 80 000
36 837 200
12 722 820
27 410 000
681 235
3 350
5 310 000
124 274
11 131
284 000
* 80 000
37 173 800
13 599 566
40 643 000
818 224
—
5 495 000
188 141
9 033
206 000
* 80 000
44 052 300
16 611 610
31 443 000
898 437
—
5 170 000
121 873
28 768
760 114
* 80 000
* 50 000 000
21 666 011
55 655 000
* 900 000
—
5 192 800
208 770
25 288
1 044 360
* 80 000
Australia
Fiji
66 169 000
—
68 584 000
—
70 231 000
—
76 281 000
349 556
81 119 000
564 777
198 000 000
227 000 000
249 000 000
256 000 000
296 000 000
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatia
France
Greece
Hungary
Montenegro
Russia
Turkey
Ghana
Guinea
Mozambique
Sierra Leone
Tanzania
Dominican Republic
Jamaica
Mexico
USA (a)
World total
Notes
(1) This table includes production of refractory bauxite
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
2
Data for Alabama only
Including beneficiated and direct shipping ore
Years ended 31 March following that stated
Years ended 30 June of that stated
Production of alumina
tonnes (Al2O3 content)
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
9 590
191 792
348 000
* 1 000 000
642 900
* 185 000
806 000
92 000
58 528
44 000
2 794 000
* 1 300 000
* 100 000
1 524 000
—
269 414
481 000
* 1 000 000
661 882
* 214 000
1 211 600
—
—
414 000
2 857 000
* 1 300 000
* 160 000
1 534 000
6 188
261 874
470 000
* 1 000 000
683 030
* 250 000
1 249 300
—
—
484 000
2 825 000
* 1 300 000
* 210 000
1 601 000
101 780
202 416
430 000
* 1 000 000
653 011
* 170 000
1 250 600
—
—
414 000
2 719 000
* 1 100 000
* 220 000
1 429 000
—
175 961
430 000
* 1 000 000
527 500
* 130 000
1 264 689
—
—
391 000
2 659 000
1 530 000
* 186 000
1 493 000
530 000
597 000
574 000
150 000
—
Canada
Jamaica
USA
1 232 604
1 773 600
2 369 000
1 416 594
1 590 658
3 468 000
1 473 271
1 959 926
3 792 000
1 498 600
1 757 693
4 387 000
1 554 600
1 854 910
4 390 000
Brazil
Suriname
Venezuela
8 617 900
1 536 187
1 376 000
9 523 900
1 486 449
1 244 000
10 306 800
1 421 464
1 265 530
10 320 600
1 202 806
808 000
9 942 100
1 149 400
600 230
China
India (a)
Iran (b)
Japan
Kazakhstan
Vietnam
23 805 100
3 432 716
210 385
* 550 000
1 608 000
—
29 064 900
3 576 890
236 476
* 550 000
1 640 000
—
34 077 600
3 930 950
232 000
* 500 000
1 670 000
—
37 715 000
* 4 350 000
* 400 000
* 350 000
1 510 000
—
44 375 700
* 4 040 000
247 700
* 250 000
1 590 000
* 106 000
Australia
19 939 000
19 990 000
19 399 000
21 357 000
21 528 000
World total
76 100 000
84 500 000
90 900 000
95 500 000
101 400 000
Azerbaijan
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of
Italy
Montenegro
Romania
Russia
Spain
Turkey
Ukraine
Guinea
Notes
(1) Where possible figures in this table show the alumina equivalent (Al2O3) of total hydrate produced, whether or not calcined
(2) The figures in this table represent alumina produced from bauxite. Alumina-rich materials can also be derived from salt slags
formed during the production of secondary aluminium
(a) Years ended 31 March following that stated
(b) Years ended 20 March following that stated
3
Production of primary aluminium
Country
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
10 145
130 042
—
345 000
291 750
134 737
804 605
165 800
63 960
165 000
1 098 200
228 630
3 815 000
149 604
35 148
329 500
69 708
30 000
50 000
252 000
379
150 488
666
356 000
402 480
137 000
825 803
129 500
82 043
217 000
1 090 000
241 000
3 947 000
163 000
40 177
456 500
93 000
54 100
25 000
186 000
6 817
163 924
600
334 000
432 472
165 150
780 853
141 900
92 838
* 200 000
1 201 000
261 000
3 992 000
162 840
75 300
408 400
111 000
56 400
7 000
213 000
54 890
159 660
—
349 000
410 413
165 050
802 827
99 600
74 813
86 300
1 110 900
249 000
4 024 000
160 662
83 300
386 395
129 000
43 700
—
60 000
53 290
157 082
—
343 000
492 368
169 480
736 429
—
47 951
81 000
1 154 900
250 000
3 724 000
163 000
* 83 000
* 250 000
131 000
32 200
—
45 000
73 000
400 369
—
545 000
11 000
809 000
76 000
352 818
—
551 000
18 000
807 000
69 000
353 904
35 000
562 000
15 000
810 000
52 000
393 696
38 000
562 000
22 000
665 000
75 000
325 300
36 600
562 000
2 000
822 000
Canada
USA
3 030 269
1 727 200
2 963 200
1 727 200
2 987 964
1 983 500
2 780 556
2 070 300
2 967 364
1 946 000
Argentina
Brazil
Venezuela
411 990
1 535 900
569 000
416 509
1 536 200
353 658
420 299
1 440 400
330 000
412 692
1 436 400
203 000
434 758
1 304 300
171 717
847 700
12 890 500
1 480 568
257 600
281 300
5 100
127 000
15 000
351 000
10 000
—
359 400
1 009 800
850 700
16 244 100
1 621 033
253 300
282 000
4 700
227 000
60 000
367 000
125 177
—
348 900
1 400 000
881 310
18 134 700
1 654 156
246 300
321 900
4 700
249 000
188 100
373 000
468 789
—
277 600
1 750 000
890 200
20 251 000
1 720 427
253 000
338 000
4 500
249 000
121 900
360 000
627 971
—
272 500
1 820 000
912 700
22 046 100
1 171 946
255 300
* 331 900
3 000
248 000
* 290 000
354 000
606 000
187 000
216 369
1 864 000
1 945 000
271 000
1 928 000
344 000
1 945 000
357 000
1 864 000
325 000
1 778 000
324 000
37 100 000
41 500 000
44 700 000
46 200 000
47 100 000
Azerbaijan
Croatia
France
Germany
Greece
Iceland
Italy
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
Romania
Russia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Cameroon
Egypt (a)
Ghana
Mozambique
Nigeria
South Africa
Bahrain
China
India (b)
Indonesia
Iran (c)
Japan
Kazakhstan
Malaysia
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Tajikistan
United Arab Emirates
Australia
New Zealand
World total
Notes
(1) The figures in this table are for primary aluminium only. Aluminium can also be produced from secondary sources and may be
recovered from salt slags
(a) Years ended 30 June of that stated
(c) Years ended 20 March following that stated
4
Mine production of antimony
tonnes (metal content)
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Russia
Turkey
1 100
1 346
6 039
1 403
6 348
2 340
* 6 400
7 119
6 520
* 7 500
South Africa
2 090
2 257
2 391
3 044
2 332
64
—
74
69
—
98
68
—
105
65
62
169
90
159
294
2 990
145
4 980
—
3 947
—
5 081
—
5 053
—
China
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Pakistan (b)
Tajikistan
Thailand
112 000
597
918
887
75
4 200
555
129 831
840
842
530
25
8 500
705
123 900
800
892
1 456
—
6 642
442
128 600
569
924
1 042
12
6 645
672
120 937
911
* 900
1 100
89
* 6 600
488
Australia (b)
1 794
707
1 751
1 950
3 277
129 000
157 000
151 000
162 000
156 000
Canada
Guatemala
Mexico
Bolivia
Peru (a)
World total
Notes
(1) This table includes antimony content of antimonial lead alloys
(2) In addition, Burma, Honduras and Vietnam are believed to produce antimony
(a) Including Sb content of antimonial lead plus Sb content of ores for export
(b) Years ended 30 June of that stated
Production of white arsenic
tonnes (metric)
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Belgium
Portugal
Russia
* 1 000
* 15
* 1 500
* 1 000
* 15
* 1 500
* 1 000
* 15
* 1 500
* 1 000
* 15
* 1 500
* 1 000
* 15
* 1 500
Bolivia
Chile
Peru
115
* 11 000
300
155
* 11 000
—
99
* 10 000
—
104
* 10 000
—
* 100
* 10 000
—
China
Japan
* 25 000
* 40
* 25 000
* 40
* 25 000
* 40
* 26 000
* 40
* 25 000
* 40
Notes
(1) This table includes calculated trioxide equivalent of arsenic metal produced except where this would involve double counting
(2) In addition to the countries listed, Austria, Finland, Hungary, Spain and the United Kingdom are believed to produce arsenic
5
Production of asbestos
tonnes (metric)
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
* 1 000 000
* 1 000 000
* 1 000 000
* 1 000 000
* 1 000 000
Zimbabwe
Chrysotile
4 971
2 031
—
614
600
Canada
Chrysotile
* 150 000
* 100 000
* 50 000
*—
—
322
288 452
341
302 257
105
306 320
102
305 000
* 30
290 800
China
India
Amphibole (a)
Kazakhstan
* 440 000
* 400 000
* 440 000
* 420 000
* 400 000
243
230 000
268
214 100
276
223 200
389
241 000
227
243 300
World total
2 100 000
2 000 000
2 000 000
2 000 000
1 900 000
Russia
Argentina
Brazil
Notes
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Romania is believed to produce asbestos
6
Production of barytes
Country
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Bulgaria
Germany
Italy
Portugal
Russia
Slovakia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
30
14 300
45 606
* 3 500
1 078
* 64 000
30 000
5 212
213 187
36 000
57
500
55 887
* 3 500
15
* 64 000
17 000
2 050
172 618
34 099
13
200
55 342
* 3 500
—
* 64 000
13 000
—
250 786
31 000
28
—
52 030
* 3 500
—
* 64 000
21 000
—
* 250 000
30 000
—
1 000
45 446
* 3 500
—
* 64 000
14 000
—
* 250 000
29 000
Algeria
Egypt
Morocco
Nigeria
Tunisia
Zimbabwe
37 981
1 587
586 937
14 314
—
—
42 254
1 170
572 429
10 749
—
—
36 500
1 168
769 504
* 11 000
5 700
—
36 000
* 1 600
* 1 000 000
* 6 000
* 5 700
—
30 250
* 1 600
* 920 000
* 6 000
* 5 700
10 000
Canada
Guatemala
Mexico
USA (a)
15 000
13
152 791
383 000
22 000
11
143 225
662 000
22 000
334
134 727
710 000
22 000
91
139 997
666 000
25 000
343
343 585
660 000
3 416
1 900
49 847
* 2 000
27 881
2 900
7 845
41 385
* 2 000
52 275
3 000
21 297
7 039
* 2 000
86 790
3 000
20 400
3 025
* 2 000
79 451
4 200
29 900
* 3 000
2 039
52 491
* 1 000
7 008
2 900 000
2 152 552
361 217
306 000
12 460
22 390
62 997
—
51 895
70 000
* 1 000
14 119
3 900 000
2 338 806
326 275
358 000
17 500
1 000
57 166
30 000
33 465
90 000
* 1 000
32 183
4 300 000
1 776 980
271 454
466 000
12 400
—
31 836
30 000
67 703
90 000
* 1 000
21 539
4 400 000
1 789 431
314 769
590 000
15 000
—
48 510
32 000
64 499
90 000
* 1 000
31 295
3 500 000
1 136 814
* 350 000
530 200
* 15 000
500
118 471
34 000
107 437
90 000
16 634
16 529
10 569
10 273
13 176
7 700 000
9 100 000
9 300 000
9 800 000
8 400 000
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil (b)
Colombia
Peru
Afghanistan
Burma (c)
China
India (c)
Iran (d)
Kazakhstan
Laos
Malaysia
Pakistan (e)
Saudi Arabia
Thailand
Vietnam
Australia
World total
Notes
(1) This table may include small quantities of witherite
(2) In addition to the countries listed, Cuba is believed to produce barytes
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Sold or used by producers
Including beneficiated and directly shipped material
7
Production of bentonite and fuller's earth
Country
Armenia
Bentonite
Azerbaijan
Bentonite
Bentonite (a)
Bulgaria
Bentonite
Cyprus
Bentonite
Czech Republic
Bentonite
Denmark
Bentonite
France
Bentonite
Germany
Bentonite
Greece
Bentonite
Hungary
Bentonite
Italy
Bentonite
Macedonia
Bentonite
Poland
Bentonite
Romania
Bentonite
Russia
Bentonite
Slovakia
Bentonite
Slovenia
Bentonite
Spain
Bentonite
Attapulgite
Sepiolite
Turkey
Bentonite
Sepiolite
Ukraine
Bentonite
Algeria
Bentonite
Egypt
Bentonite (b)
Malawi
Bentonite
Morocco
Bentonite
Fuller's earth (c)
Mozambique
Bentonite
Senegal
Attapulgite
South Africa
Bentonite
Attapulgite
Canada
Bentonite (d)
Cuba
Bentonite
8
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
238
1 397
835
4 987
15 387
10 581
18 100
20 679
36 700
91 958
16 042
314
—
—
18 808
108 400
99 700
53 900
77 900
—
152 722
162 969
160 625
160 180
158 386
177 000
183 000
160 000
221 000
226 000
24 040
23 832
38 300
30 330
56 355
25 000
25 000
20 000
28 000
* 25 000
326 461
362 623
375 332
366 220
358 844
1 500 000
844 804
1 250 000
1 235 110
1 200 000
5 298
17 200
22 931
1 392
1 671
114 212
104 279
105 952
109 576
118 235
9 033
7 084
8 918
2 355
18 520
2 800
2 000
900
800
1 050
13 756
21 637
19 864
19 241
24 127
* 460 000
* 460 000
* 460 000
* 460 000
* 460 000
109 000
153 000
213 000
177 000
184 000
104
135
168
98
143
147 090
21 110
573 937
157 001
27 841
557 862
110 371
26 021
566 270
96 605
23 537
622 372
102 709
25 439
576 608
753 155
* 10 000
718 260
* 10 000
379 917
* 10 000
251 667
* 10 000
* 255 000
* 10 000
195 000
185 000
211 000
219 000
* 219 000
31 612
34 126
29 000
26 000
27 670
35 384
28 865
33 132
17 709
* 18 000
8 050
2 100
2 450
—
—
84 097
132 110
110 703
82 570
97 071
103 682
* 100 000
* 100 000
* 100 000
* 100 000
577
459
493
1 459
* 1 500
180 900
204 300
179 900
180 500
234 600
40 340
52 103
82 341
57 606
120 417
14 448
120 566
15 850
177 187
21 233
3 947
4 542
2 266
2 015
3 451
670
228
1 244
668
335
Country
Guatemala
Bentonite
Mexico
Bentonite
Fuller's earth
USA
Bentonite (e)
Fuller's earth (e)
Argentina
Bentonite
Brazil
Bentonite
Chile
Bentonite
Colombia
Bentonite
Peru
Bentonite
Uruguay
Bentonite
Burma
Bentonite (f)
China
Bentonite
India
Bentonite (f)
Fuller's earth (f)
Indonesia
Bentonite
Iran
Bentonite (g)
Iraq
Bentonite
Japan
Bentonite
Fuller's earth
Korea (Rep. of)
Bentonite
Fuller's earth
Pakistan
Bentonite (b)
Fuller's earth (b)
Philippines
Bentonite
Bentonite and fuller's earth
Thailand
Bentonite
Uzbekistan
Bentonite
Vietnam
Bentonite
Australia
Bentonite (b)
Fuller's earth
New Zealand
Bentonite
World total bentonite
World total fuller’s earth (a)
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
14 287
22 423
12 270
16 183
18 377
511 430
108 139
590 998
170 350
563 795
107 436
956 224
227 496
617 632
301 462
3 650 000
2 010 000
4 630 000
2 050 000
4 950 000
1 950 000
4 980 000
1 980 000
4 950 000
2 040 000
148 099
229 301
236 125
193 795
* 200 000
264 243
531 693
566 267
512 975
* 500 000
—
—
1 255
893
358
* 8 500
* 8 500
* 8 500
* 8 500
9 056
119 452
44 266
27 534
22 977
47 743
210
430
1 210
5 530
8 974
* 1 000
* 1 000
* 1 000
* 1 000
* 1 000
* 3 400 000
* 3 400 000
* 3 500 000
* 3 500 000
* 3 500 000
* 561 000
* 5 600
* 761 000
* 5 700
* 1 154 000
* 5 600
* 1 093 000
* 5 600
* 1 566 000
* 5 600
* 6 000
* 6 500
* 6 500
* 7 000
* 7 000
387 437
350 208
377 398
430 231
* 430 000
3 959
6 127
6 452
6 530
6 288
* 432 000
* 110 000
* 430 000
* 110 000
* 425 000
* 110 000
* 420 000
* 110 000
* 420 000
* 110 000
84 963
99 802
88 255
83 476
94 987
46 623
88 543
57 787
80 188
51 309
32 032
10 213
34 596
11 219
30 840
6 774
16 520
9 942
26 077
4 259
1 413
1 475
2 087
2 699
3 329
110
130
55 220
81 000
150 000
* 40 000
* 40 000
* 40 000
* 40 000
* 40 000
* 20 000
* 20 000
* 20 000
* 20 000
* 20 000
* 124 400
* 10 000
* 126 600
* 10 000
* 72 000
* 14 300
* 82 100
* 16 900
* 105 900
10 543
880
1 216
—
2 263
762
14 200 000
3 300 000
15 100 000
3 400 000
16 100 000
3 100 000
16 300 000
3 400 000
16 600 000
3 500 000
See notes on following page
9
Notes
(1) Bentonites consist of montmorillonite (one of the smectite group of clay minerals) and occur in two main varieties, calcium bentonite,
the most commonly occurring, and sodium bentonite, industrially the more important
(2) Calcium bentonite can be converted to sodium bentonite by a sodium-exchange process
(3) In some countries, such as the United Kingdom, calcium bentonite is known as fuller's earth, a term which is also used to refer to
attapulgite, a mineralogically distinct clay mineral but exhibiting similar properties
(4) In addition to the countries listed, Austria and Ecuador may produce bentonite and France may produce fuller's earth
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
Including attapulgite and sepiolite
Smectite
Sales
Production of beryl
Country
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
* 12
45
*1
* 12
57
*3
* 12
58
*1
* 16
58
*2
* 16
* 60
*2
USA (b)
3 030
4 460
5 920
5 570
* 5 600
China
* 500
* 550
* 550
* 550
* 550
Madagascar (a)
Mozambique
Zambia
Notes
(a) Includes ornamental and industrial products
(b) Includes bertrandite ore, calculated as equivalent to beryl containing 11% beryllium oxide
Mine production of bismuth
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Bulgaria
Russia
*—
* 65
*3
* 50
*3
* 45
*3
* 45
*3
* 45
Canada
Mexico
86
854
92
982
92
935
121
800
35
824
Bolivia
Peru (a)
54
423
87
—
41
—
10
—
* 10
—
China
Japan (a)
1 688
423
1 589
448
1 544
476
* 1 500
446
* 1 450
485
World total
3 600
3 300
3 100
2 900
2 900
Notes
(1) The figures in this table are in some instances derived from reported bismuth content of refined and impure metal plus recoverable in
ores and concentrates exported
(2) Production for some countries may include bismuth produced from imported ores but it is thought that any resulting duplication is
insignificant in the countries shown
(3) In addition to the countries listed, Brazil is believed to produce bismuth
(a) Metal production
10
Production of borates
tonnes (metric)
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
* 400 000
1 687 102
* 400 000
2 504 249
* 400 000
2 729 849
* 400 000
1 814 725
* 250 000
* 1 800 000
* 1 200 000
* 1 200 000
* 1 250 000
* 1 300 000
* 1 300 000
505 983
93 829
613 135
187 221
622 968
109 922
503 609
292 855
648 806
138 767
491 421
—
* 660 000
142 532
449 572
104 072
* 670 000
164 803
582 074
224 454
* 190 000
388
* 30 000
* 200 000
* 500
* 30 000
* 200 000
1 044
* 30 000
* 200 000
* 1 000
* 30 000
* 200 000
* 1 000
* 30 000
Russia
Turkey
USA (a)
Argentina
Bolivia
Chile
Peru
China
Iran (b)
Kazakhstan
Notes
(a) Sold or used by producers
Production of bromine
kilograms
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Russia
Ukraine
* 60 000
* 400 000
* 60 000
* 400 000
* 60 000
* 400 000
* 60 000
* 400 000
* 60 000
* 400 000
USA (a)
* 230 000 000
* 230 000 000
* 225 000 000
* 225 000 000
* 225 000 000
China
India (b)
Israel
Japan
Jordan
* 140 000 000
1 862 480
127 689 000
* 20 000 000
69 000 000
* 150 000 000
1 587 000
184 696 000
* 20 000 000
329 200 000
* 150 000 000
1 572 160
202 313 000
* 20 000 000
147 988 000
* 100 000 000
1 773 010
173 940 000
* 20 000 000
* 200 000 000
* 100 000 000
2 131 260
184 943 000
* 20 000 000
* 250 000 000
589 000 000
916 000 000
747 000 000
721 000 000
783 000 000
World total
Notes
(a) Elemental bromine sold as such or used in the preparation of bromine compounds by primary producers
11
Production of cadmium
tonnes (metric)
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Bulgaria
Germany
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Russia
413
* 400
* 490
249
534
944
389
* 400
* 560
300
451
1 064
427
* 400
* 570
309
526
1 100
363
* 400
* 560
* 310
370
1 000
* 360
* 400
* 560
* 310
460
900
Canada (a)
Mexico
USA (a)
1 299
1 510
633
1 357
1 464
637
1 203
1 485
600
1 286
1 482
* 600
1 313
1 451
* 600
Argentina
Brazil
Peru
36
* 200
289
32
* 200
357
* 31
* 200
572
* 30
* 200
684
* 30
* 200
695
China
India (b)
Japan
Kazakhstan
Korea (Rep. of)
Korea, Dem. P.R. of
7 053
553
1 824
1 270
2 500
* 200
7 363
550
2 053
1 407
4 166
* 200
6 672
449
1 755
1 278
3 005
* 200
* 7 000
391
1 856
1 166
3 904
* 200
* 7 000
228
1 821
1 335
3 904
* 200
Australia
* 370
* 350
* 390
* 380
* 380
20 800
23 300
21 200
22 200
22 100
World total
Notes
(1) Data in this table excludes secondary metal unless otherwise stated
(a) Including cadmium sponge and/or secondary metal
12
Production of chromium ores and concentrates
tonnes (metric)
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Albania
Finland
Kosovo
Russia
Turkey
288 759
247 000
—
347 000
1 770 029
334 467
598 000
—
699 000
2 461 314
330 938
693 000
—
662 000
2 281 981
380 349
452 000
2 000
552 000
2 029 403
529 592
981 752
* 2 000
* 552 000
* 2 000 000
Madagascar
South Africa
Sudan
Zimbabwe
131 800
6 864 938
14 087
193 674
134 500
10 871 095
56 823
516 776
66 700
10 721 360
64 130
599 079
111 500
11 310 223
* 18 300
119 409
* 88 000
13 644 699
* 18 000
* 120 000
365 210
520 129
542 512
472 501
444 507
6 000
* 220 000
3 425 580
274 511
4 678 000
636 482
* 300 000
14 322
* 37 100
* 6 000
* 220 000
4 325 699
350 000
5 092 000
865 400
* 540 000
14 807
* 58 600
* 6 000
* 220 000
2 923 435
417 554
5 059 000
616 700
* 450 000
25 483
* 24 900
* 6 000
* 220 000
2 833 895
411 566
5 233 000
554 800
* 500 000
36 628
* 1 800
* 6 000
* 220 000
2 852 854
* 410 000
5 255 000
787 700
* 490 000
26 164
* 24 800
182 000
181 200
323 800
452 300
355 200
20 000 000
27 800 000
26 000 000
25 700 000
28 800 000
Brazil
Afghanistan
China
India (a)
Iran (b)(c)
Kazakhstan
Oman
Pakistan
Philippines (b)
Vietnam
Australia
World total
Notes
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Bulgaria is believed to produce chromite
(b) Including foundry sand and/or lumpy ore
13
Production of coal
Country
Albania
Lignite
Brown coal and lignite
Bulgaria
Lignite
Brown coal
Czech Republic
Bituminous
Lignite
Brown coal
Georgia
Germany
Anthracite and Bituminous
Brown coal
Greece
Lignite
Hungary
Lignite
Brown coal
Kosovo
Lignite
Macedonia
Lignite
Montenegro
Lignite
Norway
Bituminous (a)
Poland
Bituminous
Lignite
Romania
Lignite
Brown coal
Russia
Serbia
Bituminous
Lignite (b)
Brown coal
Slovakia
Lignite
Brown coal
Slovenia
Lignite
Brown coal
Spain
Anthracite
Bituminous
Sub-bituminous
Turkey
Anthracite
Bituminous
Lignite
Ukraine
Bituminous
Lignite
United Kingdom
Bituminous (c)
Botswana
Congo, Democratic Republic
Bituminous
Egypt (d)
Ethiopia
Lignite
Malawi
14
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2 000
3 000
100
—
—
11 515 138
10 976 163
12 738 225
12 311 623
11 764 827
25 014 800
2 243 800
27 148 300
2 321 200
34 496 200
2 743 500
31 040 700
2 556 700
26 459 300
2 301 500
10 621 000
262 000
45 354 000
213 188
11 193 000
—
43 931 000
267 664
10 967 000
—
46 848 000
352 872
10 796 000
—
43 710 000
424 998
8 610 000
—
40 585 000
371 845
14 971 000
169 857 142
14 110 000
169 402 544
12 960 000
176 502 048
11 558 000
185 432 000
8 260 000
182 696 000
61 800 000
53 600 000
58 400 000
62 334 800
54 000 000
8 026 587
944 139
8 202 859
813 403
8 800 783
699 129
8 438 000
875 944
8 834 000
749 000
7 839 173
7 958 090
8 212 103
8 028 397
8 219 393
7 395 915
6 583 074
7 902 084
7 309 546
6 633 560
957 164
1 937 847
1 972 671
1 706 302
1 692 535
2 437 000
1 685 000
1 640 000
1 325 000
2 135 000
78 064 462
57 108 304
76 727 802
56 510 125
76 447 604
62 841 269
79 854 904
64 297 772
77 016 910
65 848 670
—
28 460 152
63 458
298 000 000
—
28 774 244
62 448
317 000 000
2 121 574
33 779 130
46 071
334 000 000
1 876 062
31 529 377
17 700
354 000 000
* 2 000 000
22 902 291
—
347 000 000
69 000
38 070 579
209 660
108 000
37 562 840
193 492
134 000
40 467 132
349 861
141 000
37 707 017
316 507
155 000
39 752 741
340 892
155 000
2 221 000
176 000
2 026 000
124 000
1 989 000
136 000
1 964 000
179 000
2 009 000
3 921 746
510 769
4 010 930
419 466
4 066 278
435 800
3 967 064
314 262
3 721 188
50 744
4 306 033
2 898 340
2 493 577
3 212 603
2 776 918
2 428 877
2 489 797
1 774 992
2 358 930
2 259 236
1 651 496
2 275 409
2 213 775
1 799 242
1 870 569
3 773 603
* 3 000 000
82 263 104
6 312 137
* 3 000 000
86 943 392
5 619 316
3 542 223
79 968 510
3 358 843
3 502 009
75 036 558
* 3 100 000
* 3 500 000
* 75 000 000
54 977 000
175 000
54 952 000
* 175 000
62 661 000
* 175 000
65 705 000
* 175 000
64 203 000
* 175 000
17 874 000
18 417 000
18 627 000
17 047 000
12 839 000
737 798
988 240
787 729
1 454 724
1 495 653
133 400
—
133 400
109 884
143 335
233 283
132 449
* 250 000
* 132 000
* 250 000
15 000
59 201
20 000
79 186
20 000
83 146
* 20 000
70 552
* 20 000
* 71 000
Production of coal
Country
Mozambique
Bituminous
Niger
Nigeria
Sub-bituminous
South Africa
Anthracite
Bituminous
Swaziland
Anthracite
Tanzania
Bituminous
Zambia
Bituminous
Zimbabwe
Bituminous
Canada
Bituminous
Sub-bituminous
Lignite
Mexico
Bituminous
USA
Anthracite (e)
Bituminous (e)
Sub-bituminous
Lignite
Argentina
Bituminous
Brazil
Bituminous and lignite (f)
Chile
Bituminous
Lignite
Colombia
Bituminous
Peru
Venezuela
Bituminous
Afghanistan
Bituminous
Bangladesh (d)
Bhutan
Burma (g)
China
India
Bituminous (g)
Lignite (g)
Indonesia
Iran
Bituminous (h)
Kazakhstan
Bituminous
Lignite
Korea (Rep. of)
Anthracite
Korea, Dem. P.R. of (i)
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Malaysia
Mongolia (i)
Nepal
Sub-bituminous (j)
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
25 924
225 072
35 737
246 558
82 920
246 016
54 432
235 072
40 926
241 792
* 40 000
44 148
* 44 000
* 44 000
* 44 000
1 657 860
248 923 814
2 073 889
255 131 918
2 553 635
250 203 209
3 005 136
255 570 657
3 621 283
252 660 850
129 647
145 903
121 050
152 284
257 090
16 500
179 500
82 856
78 672
84 772
* 14 000
*—
*—
*—
*—
1 667 346
2 668 183
2 562 054
1 593 600
4 980 200
27 959 000
24 425 000
10 550 000
33 704 000
23 927 000
10 264 000
34 621 000
22 762 000
9 731 000
35 374 000
21 625 000
9 496 000
38 282 000
21 657 000
8 969 000
13 555 680
16 318 120
20 967 630
16 276 556
15 717 587
1 724 000
457 320 000
450 334 000
65 772 000
1 633 000
444 074 000
467 027 000
70 943 000
2 082 940
454 054 000
441 167 731
73 440 875
2 148 000
440 321 000
436 395 960
71 602 574
* 2 100 000
* 440 000 000
* 435 000 000
* 72 000 000
181 474
140 000
178 000
* 160 000
* 150 000
5 947 364
5 611 467
5 985 489
6 440 998
8 009 895
118 305
517 769
106 018
512 775
131 430
522 672
141 120
570 594
144 313
2 758 131
72 807 412
74 350 133
85 803 229
89 024 321
85 496 062
156 372
91 960
164 392
226 908
188 591
3 258 146
2 630 820
* 2 270 000
* 3 120 000
* 3 000 000
453 592
857 648
48 545
231 271
2 973 000 000
657 618
730 866
87 814
235 743
3 235 000 000
* 658 000
666 635
148 244
355 693
3 520 000 000
* 658 000
861 072
98 731
471 022
3 660 000 000
* 658 000
854 804
77 743
380 272
3 680 000 000
532 042 000
34 071 000
532 694 000
37 733 000
539 950 000
42 332 000
556 402 000
46 453 000
563 085 000
44 275 000
256 181 000
275 164 196
353 270 937
359 490 000
375 060 000
2 180 810
* 2 500 000
2 499 495
2 819 792
* 2 800 000
95 770 000
5 084 000
103 646 000
7 283 000
108 081 000
8 368 000
112 780 000
7 748 000
113 349 000
6 511 000
2 518 940
* 36 000 000
606 900
466 082
2 138 390
14 365 500
2 083 972
* 41 000 000
575 000
501 600
2 397 340
25 161 900
2 084 474
* 41 000 000
830 700
511 700
2 915 788
32 029 700
2 094 000
41 492 000
1 106 700
510 100
2 951 124
28 561 000
1 814 000
* 41 000 000
* 1 106 700
* 510 000
2 893 962
29 163 600
14 819
11 799
13 165
10 904
14 084
15
Production of coal
Country
Pakistan (k)(d)
Philippines
Bituminous
Tajikistan
Thailand
Lignite
Uzbekistan
Bituminous
Lignite
Vietnam
Anthracite
Australia
Bituminous (l)
Brown coal (d)
New Zealand
Bituminous
Sub-bituminous
Lignite
World total
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
3 679 185
3 535 828
3 291 617
3 178 986
2 813 079
4 687 277
178 300
6 650 357
199 700
6 881 474
236 400
7 348 647
412 000
* 7 349 000
515 600
16 360 261
18 399 399
21 324 406
18 652 557
18 110 763
100 698
3 553 443
197 766
3 101 665
59 874
3 783 867
232 239
3 803 825
* 230 000
* 3 800 000
44 078 000
44 835 000
46 611 000
42 383 000
41 193 900
350 000 000
68 252 000
357 000 000
68 751 000
350 000 000
66 733 000
381 000 000
69 124 000
408 000 000
* 69 000 000
2 085 486
2 218 143
259 704
2 597 400
2 438 200
294 900
2 330 400
2 294 200
320 100
2 276 300
2 324 000
325 900
2 279 300
2 055 700
290 400
6 888 000 000
7 251 000 000
7 690 000 000
7 886 000 000
7 906 000 000
Notes
(1) There is no international agreement as to the separate definition of lignite and brown coal. In some cases they are distinguished.
Elsewhere both may be aggregated under one or other term
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(l)
16
Spitzbergen: not including production from mines controlled by Russia
Excluding production in Kosovo
Including anthracite
Includes a small amount of refuse recovery
Coal; all forms
Years ended 15 July of that shown
Including lignite
Including sub-bituminous
Mine production of cobalt
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Finland
Russia (a)
* 27
2 352
* 140
2 460
480
2 337
1 381
2 186
2 061
2 368
342
56 258
—
1 600
238
673
1 535
39
272
97 693
—
1 582
840
624
5 134
58
149
99 475
—
1 518
862
661
5 956
174
195
86 433
493
1 314
1 102
556
5 665
121
248
76 874
2 083
1 353
1 294
291
6 389
200
Canada
Cuba
3 919
3 721
4 636
3 706
7 071
3 853
3 652
3 792
4 002
3 319
Brazil
2 075
3 139
3 623
3 650
3 140
6 003
* 650
* 1 500
6 382
* 650
* 1 500
6 843
* 650
* 1 500
* 7 000
* 650
2 269
* 7 500
* 650
2 126
5 365
913
—
4 838
1 735
—
4 254
2 404
—
5 413
2 631
473
6 853
3 080
1 224
87 000
135 000
142 000
129 000
125 000
Botswana
Madagascar
Morocco (a)
South Africa (a)
Uganda (a)
Zambia (a)
Zimbabwe
China
Indonesia
Philippines
Australia (b)
New Caledonia
Papua New Guinea
World total
Notes
(1) There is frequently a considerable disparity between the cobalt content of ore raised and cobalt actually recovered
(2) Figures in this table relate where possible to cobalt recovered. The principal exceptions to this are Brazil and New Caledonia, the
figures for which relate to cobalt in ore raised
(a) Metal
17
Production of cobalt metal
tonnes (metric)
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Belgium (a)
Finland
France
Norway
Russia
2 150
8 970
368
3 510
2 352
2 600
9 429
302
3 208
2 460
3 187
10 627
354
3 067
2 337
4 200
10 562
326
2 969
2 186
5 415
10 798
308
3 348
2 368
Congo, Democratic Republic (b)
Morocco
South Africa (c)
Uganda
Zambia
2 950
1 600
238
673
1 535
4 182
1 582
840
624
5 134
3 083
1 518
862
661
5 956
2 999
1 314
1 102
556
5 665
3 000
1 353
1 294
291
5 000
Canada (d)
4 918
4 711
6 038
5 994
4 789
Brazil
1 012
1 369
1 614
1 750
1 653
China (a)
India
Japan
25 544
1 001
1 332
35 929
1 187
1 935
34 969
1 299
2 007
29 784
800
2 542
36 062
295
2 747
Australia
4 050
4 117
4 722
4 769
4 981
62 200
79 600
82 300
77 500
83 700
World total
Notes
(1) In addition to the production listed above, several countries, including the United Kingdom, Finland and France, are known to produce
substantial amounts of cobalt compounds
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
18
Some metal production in China is recorded in Belgium
Excludes white alloy and matte which are believed to be further processed in Belgium and elsewhere
Includes metal and metal contained in sulphate
Including oxides
Mine production of copper
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Albania
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Bulgaria (a)
Cyprus
Finland
Georgia
Macedonia
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
2 600
23 233
—
110 652
2 380
14 600
16 600
7 440
439 365
86 462
3 129
675 700
19 400
14
17 663
55 414
72 400
2 672
31 062
183
112 904
2 595
14 700
10 700
7 912
425 725
74 426
5 127
702 700
19 000
22
54 335
76 514
79 900
4 379
33 597
611
114 603
3 660
14 000
10 200
7 555
426 665
79 686
6 355
713 100
25 800
28
68 511
82 967
92 500
5 691
40 908
502
118 255
4 328
25 446
6 800
9 506
427 064
74 043
5 902
* 720 000
32 200
31
97 452
82 422
104 300
5 454
48 891
327
115 149
3 631
34 451
26 000
9 802
428 879
77 236
6 700
* 720 000
32 600
...
104 600
82 904
120 500
Botswana
Eritrea
Mauritania
Morocco
Namibia
South Africa
Tanzania
Zambia
Zimbabwe
24 382
299 300
—
36 608
11 830
—
107 600
3 079
601 200
3 572
48 026
378 300
—
36 969
14 986
—
102 600
6 400
731 700
4 629
31 929
480 000
—
35 281
12 076
3 366
96 600
6 748
739 759
6 555
35 768
619 900
—
37 670
17 700
5 304
88 800
5 840
699 020
4 724
51 254
914 600
21 800
37 970
* 18 000
4 896
80 821
5 740
763 805
8 300
Canada
Dominican Republic
Mexico
USA
484 605
12 937
240 648
1 180 000
525 129
10 015
270 136
1 110 000
566 124
11 777
443 621
1 110 000
578 586
11 737
500 275
1 170 000
631 856
10 379
480 124
1 220 000
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
143 084
620
211 692
5 394 400
1 140
300
1 276 249
140 300
2 100
213 548
5 418 900
711
700
1 247 184
116 700
4 176
213 760
5 262 800
808
1 400
1 235 345
135 700
8 653
223 141
5 433 900
781
1 800
1 298 761
109 600
6 629
271 000
5 776 000
* 1 000
2 600
1 375 641
Burma
China
India (b)
Indonesia
Iran
Kazakhstan
Korea, Dem. P.R. of
Laos
Malaysia
Mongolia
Oman
Pakistan
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
9 800
1 062 000
28 491
995 500
262 500
406 100
* 3 700
121 581
240
132 300
15 563
19 600
49 060
1 719
* 80 000
12 935
* 12 000
1 179 500
31 778
862 500
256 600
380 600
* 4 600
132 047
—
127 600
16 530
19 400
58 412
1 603
* 80 000
12 260
* 12 000
1 294 700
31 518
538 300
259 100
405 300
* 4 400
138 756
—
124 000
21 166
20 600
63 835
1 954
* 80 000
11 888
* 12 000
1 642 300
29 875
398 100
245 200
419 200
* 6 600
149 580
—
123 900
19 684
24 000
65 444
2 150
* 80 000
11 266
* 20 000
* 1 600 000
33 656
509 000
222 700
442 200
* 5 500
154 915
—
186 655
10 906
* 20 000
90 861
* 3 000
* 80 000
* 14 000
Australia
Papua New Guinea
855 000
166 669
871 000
159 821
959 000
130 456
921 000
125 348
996 000
121 571
15 800 000
16 100 000
16 200 000
16 900 000
18 100 000
World total
Notes
(a) Metal content of ore
19
Smelter production of copper
Country
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Armenia
Bulgaria
Finland
Germany
Norway
Poland
Russia
Serbia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
6 858
256 200
110 479
251 000
33 900
457 510
620 700
27 000
264 971
183 400
—
7 644
265 000
112 687
378 700
36 200
469 656
647 100
20 000
259 119
181 500
—
8 876
285 900
116 455
346 200
36 000
481 875
652 200
28 200
260 730
206 100
* 25 000
10 075
264 200
124 527
352 400
37 891
466 715
633 200
36 800
270 200
207 300
* 25 000
10 771
283 000
118 552
295 200
37 461
456 100
870 700
41 300
224 400
140 400
* 35 800
Namibia
South Africa
Zambia (a)
21 500
86 900
402 000
31 900
75 900
535 000
36 100
82 400
520 000
31 900
62 300
519 200
30 500
69 700
565 000
Canada
Mexico
USA
316 510
178 672
597 200
318 006
168 861
601 200
304 724
336 739
538 400
310 400
367 852
485 300
283 300
344 140
516 500
Brazil
Chile
Peru
204 500
1 522 300
325 788
208 800
1 559 800
312 968
223 500
1 522 300
299 004
175 700
1 342 400
290 088
257 000
1 358 000
412 966
China
India
Indonesia
Iran
Japan
Kazakhstan
Korea (Rep. of)
Korea, Dem. P.R. of
Oman
Pakistan (b)
Philippines
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
2 693 900
705 100
310 200
192 700
1 302 120
369 000
455 400
* 10 000
11 830
17 799
230 100
* 90 000
* 6 000
2 825 600
653 900
262 700
188 200
1 356 289
370 900
475 900
* 10 000
8 815
18 121
216 200
* 90 000
* 8 000
3 036 700
671 200
276 200
185 200
1 173 275
375 900
449 200
* 10 000
7 515
15 672
205 000
* 90 000
* 8 000
3 438 000
695 400
198 400
179 400
1 274 690
341 700
477 300
* 10 000
721
17 931
97 000
* 90 000
* 8 000
3 700 000
617 000
217 700
154 600
1 261 348
325 600
478 800
* 10 000
* 12 000
12 285
160 000
* 90 000
* 8 000
422 000
410 000
442 000
422 000
446 000
12 700 000
13 100 000
13 300 000
13 300 000
13 800 000
Australia
World total
Notes
(1) This table shows primary metal in the form of blister and anode produced from concentrates, and may include copper produced from
scrap but this is excluded when it can be separately identified
(a) Including leach cathodes
20
Production of refined copper
tonnes (metric)
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Finland
Germany
Italy
Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
Ukraine
96 200
372 700
196 900
2 380
105 411
668 945
6 500
—
33 900
502 462
4 600
855 000
27 400
329 356
205 759
33 500
20 100
113 700
381 200
216 000
2 595
112 687
704 300
1 800
—
36 200
547 074
—
899 600
22 200
347 518
190 497
47 300
23 400
112 500
394 200
226 100
3 660
124 360
708 800
7 600
—
36 000
571 041
—
912 000
28 400
353 790
219 316
74 354
23 400
113 600
396 700
226 000
4 328
129 256
682 132
7 700
1 100
37 891
565 834
—
890 900
34 700
406 600
214 050
59 673
24 000
108 100
389 400
230 100
3 631
135 840
679 700
4 900
1 900
37 461
565 155
—
874 900
35 800
351 000
206 000
* 60 000
16 500
Egypt (a)
South Africa
Zambia
Zimbabwe
169 900
2 842
85 330
689 600
3 000
258 600
2 620
81 129
767 000
4 500
354 800
2 789
86 166
739 800
4 400
453 400
* 2 800
66 416
700 100
5 000
642 600
* 2 800
80 800
735 400
* 5 000
Canada
Mexico
USA
335 896
260 700
1 161 200
319 619
247 300
1 097 700
273 761
400 200
1 029 700
275 990
374 100
1 001 000
321 500
350 100
1 014 000
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Peru
* 16 000
200
252 399
3 276 600
423 393
* 16 000
900
245 297
3 243 900
393 638
* 16 000
1 000
245 300
3 092 400
367 554
* 16 000
904
210 700
2 902 000
311 197
* 16 000
1 271
261 000
2 755 000
271 792
Burma
China
India (b)
Indonesia
Iran
Japan
Kazakhstan
Korea (Rep. of)
Korea, Dem. P.R. of
Laos
Mongolia
Oman
Philippines
Thailand
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
9 800
4 051 300
532 865
286 000
210 300
1 439 843
312 767
531 701
* 12 000
67 562
2 470
11 830
178 000
490
82 500
* 6 000
* 12 000
4 540 300
512 124
277 500
219 800
1 548 688
323 368
564 600
* 12 000
64 241
2 746
8 815
176 000
529
82 500
* 8 000
* 12 000
5 163 100
504 677
274 900
227 200
1 328 288
338 524
595 447
* 12 000
78 859
2 389
7 515
164 100
459
90 000
* 8 000
* 12 000
5 879 100
493 519
197 200
226 800
1 516 354
367 161
591 000
* 12 000
86 295
2 282
721
98 400
486
* 90 000
* 8 000
* 20 000
6 490 000
644 193
214 300
190 300
1 468 123
350 837
586 000
* 12 000
90 030
2 201
* 12 000
149 000
203
* 90 000
* 8 000
445 000
424 000
477 000
460 000
480 000
18 300 000
19 100 000
19 700 000
20 200 000
21 000 000
Australia
World total
Notes
(1) Figures relate to both primary and secondary refined copper, whether electrolytic or fire refined. Metal recovered from secondary
materials by remelting alone is excluded
(2) In addition to the countries listed, Albania and Colombia produce refined copper
21
Production of diamond
Country
Carats
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Russia
34 759 400
34 856 600
35 139 800
34 927 650
37 884 140
Angola
Botswana
Cameroon (a)
Central African Republic
Congo
Ghana
Guinea
Lesotho
Liberia
Namibia
Sierra Leone
South Africa
Tanzania
Togo
Zimbabwe
13 827 609
17 734 000
* 8 000
310 469
68 000
21 298 459
354 443
696 732
91 816
36 828
939 916
400 480
6 118 974
181 874
125
963 502
8 362 139
22 019 000
* 6 000
301 558
381 242
20 166 220
308 679
374 096
108 827
22 018
1 521 625
437 552
8 870 967
80 498
96
8 435 224
8 328 519
22 903 000
* 6 000
323 576
76 548
19 249 057
283 369
235 400
224 180
39 866
1 344 932
355 890
7 046 644
40 691
71
8 502 648
8 330 996
20 478 000
* 5 000
365 917
51 588
20 157 000
215 118
266 800
478 926
34 271
1 667 000
532 560
7 245 403
127 174
456
12 060 163
9 360 470
22 693 000
* 5 000
(c) ...
56 495
17 624 000
159 074
202 365
414 013
44 334
1 762 378
604 740
8 168 113
179 633
24
10 411 818
Canada
10 946 098
11 773 000
10 795 000
10 529 215
10 561 600
21 153
143 982
7 730
25 394
49 920
2 099
45 536
52 273
—
46 292
40 763
—
48 580
63 961
—
China
India (b)
* 1 100 000
16 891
* 1 100 000
11 222
* 1 100 000
18 490
* 1 100 000
31 988
* 1 100 000
37 515
Australia
10 795 000
9 998 000
7 561 000
8 626 000
11 482 000
120 800 000
129 200 000
123 700 000
127 300 000
132 900 000
Brazil
Guyana
Venezuela
World total
Notes
(1) This table does not show production of synthetic diamond
(2) So far as possible the amounts shown include estimates for illegal production
(3) Production of diamond from Ivory Coast has been under United Nations sanctions since 2004. It is believed illegal production
continues but it is not possible to estimate the quantity involved
(a) Including artisanal production
(c) Currently under temporary suspension by the Kimberley Process and not trading in rough diamonds, however it is unclear whether
production has actually stopped
22
Production of diatomite
Country
Czech Republic
Denmark
Moler (a)
France
Hungary
Poland
Spain (b)
Turkey
Algeria
Ethiopia (c)
Kenya
Mozambique
Costa Rica
Mexico
USA (d)
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Peru
China
Japan
Korea (Rep. of)
Saudi Arabia
Thailand
Vietnam
Australia (e)
New Zealand
World total
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
—
32 000
46 000
43 000
49 000
126 000
* 75 000
1 277
670
29 194
27 634
124 000
* 75 000
1 197
1 000
64 346
18 448
126 000
* 75 000
1 309
580
83 624
45 187
111 000
* 85 000
1 229
600
60 777
86 403
128 125
* 85 000
434
600
53 713
* 85 000
1 847
4 104
231
213
2 231
4 104
224
123
2 000
* 4 100
713
48
2 000
* 4 000
1 731
541
2 124
* 4 000
1 054
* 550
24 500
80 807
575 000
29 900
91 710
595 000
13 844
84 231
813 000
4 029
84 537
735 000
...
87 463
* 770 000
62 270
7 500
23 027
9 946
54 467
9 300
30 925
18 886
60 651
4 415
22 938
54 163
55 000
3 427
23 021
93 786
* 55 000
* 3 000
27 092
124 917
* 440 000
* 110 000
2 440
* 1 000
5 600
* 10 000
* 400 000
* 110 000
2 200
* 1 000
7 100
* 10 000
* 440 000
* 100 000
5 150
* 1 000
38 130
* 10 000
* 420 000
* 100 000
6 000
* 1 000
8 500
* 10 000
* 420 000
* 100 000
34 000
* 1 000
—
* 10 000
* 14 000
10
* 13 000
95
* 12 000
—
* 12 000
—
* 21 000
4
1 632 000
1 696 000
2 044 000
1 953 000
2 063 000
Notes
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Armenia, Egypt, Georgia, Iran and Russia may produce diatomite
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Moler is an impure diatomite containing a large proportion of clay
Including Tripoli
Years ended 7 July of that stated
23
Production of feldspar
Country
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
* 80 000
431 000
23 120
* 550 000
106 837
55 737
* 4 700 000
19 377
48 000
445 500
210 266
14 317
* 160 000
149
13 000
597 496
18 000
4 212 547
84 757
* 80 000
388 000
28 013
* 650 000
150 000
23 050
* 4 700 000
23 188
56 000
513 700
169 722
6 049
* 160 000
253
—
691 894
22 000
6 281 597
146 016
* 80 000
407 000
26 292
* 600 000
218 000
10 200
* 4 700 000
25 032
25 271
538 800
187 159
3 814
* 160 000
23 586
—
662 418
30 000
7 076 068
178 614
* 80 000
445 000
43 124
* 600 000
205 000
13 000
* 4 700 000
17 168
—
487 200
167 287
4 112
* 160 000
19 927
—
530 238
27 000
9 479 699
146 286
* 80 000
411 000
47 636
* 550 000
* 200 000
—
* 4 700 000
15 168
—
483 000
138 715
7 060
* 160 000
* 20 000
—
602 908
30 000
* 9 000 000
133 933
Algeria
Egypt
Ethiopia (b)
Morocco
Nigeria
South Africa
Sudan
131 046
353 700
199
* 35 000
13 631
101 394
—
163 939
405 600
199
* 40 000
1 616
94 307
923
132 000
406 000
441
43 889
* 1 600
101 559
9 519
162 000
* 400 000
* 400
* 45 000
* 1 600
94 458
26 283
258 700
* 400 000
* 400
* 45 000
* 1 600
191 443
* 30 000
Cuba
Guatemala
Mexico
USA
4 700
5 672
347 510
550 000
2 800
15 720
398 849
500 000
3 100
7 516
382 497
590 000
3 800
19 356
380 441
525 000
3 200
19 611
164 484
* 490 000
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
213 551
115 264
9 079
* 85 000
111 985
5 154
910
100 451
217 213
276 448
7 723
* 85 000
156 888
3 589
—
57 760
216 721
333 352
7 563
* 85 000
130 498
11 645
—
* 100 000
273 896
247 152
6 399
* 85 000
152 590
26 359
—
* 100 000
* 270 000
* 100 000
3 874
46 195
356 538
22 695
4
* 100 000
* 2 000 000
496 997
10 730
634 503
* 115 000
622 770
410 053
37 881
16 394
58 000
73 365
—
718 692
* 4 300
* 200 000
* 2 100 000
546 472
* 20 000
652 020
* 110 000
496 511
455 497
54 198
15 882
42 300
75 405
20
641 900
* 4 300
* 200 000
* 2 100 000
835 526
* 18 000
576 643
104 109
384 221
379 629
23 254
22 050
160 000
53 337
50
1 041 152
* 4 300
* 200 000
* 2 100 000
1 459 008
* 19 000
* 580 000
* 100 000
360 413
482 906
53 235
24 969
168 000
* 55 000
40
1 100 619
* 4 300
* 200 000
* 2 100 000
1 412 518
* 19 000
* 650 000
* 100 000
343 241
314 399
38 218
30 388
176 000
* 55 000
15
1 072 656
* 4 300
* 200 000
* 100 000
* 103 000
* 94 000
* 108 000
* 107 000
19 453 000
22 036 000
23 511 000
26 490 000
25 706 000
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Italy
Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Portugal (a)
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
Ukraine
China
India (c)
Indonesia
Iran (d)
Japan (e)
Korea (Rep. of)
Malaysia
Pakistan (f)
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
Australia (f)
World total
24
Production of feldspar
Notes
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Slovakia is believed to produce feldspar
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
Includes feldspathic sand
Including weathered granite feldspar
Production of fluorspar
Country
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
32
49 962
127 300
122 533
3 756
18 536
10
59 086
67 000
132 341
25 189
26 420
31 800
65 619
120 000
117 063
4 524
—
69 700
54 202
130 000
113 570
5 197
—
82 500
48 744
* 130 000
128 512
* 5 000
30 000
Egypt (a)
Kenya
Morocco
Namibia
South Africa
4 343
15 667
72 096
80 857
* 204 000
5 953
40 800
89 680
104 494
* 160 000
3 808
95 100
79 207
94 032
* 240 000
* 4 000
91 000
* 78 000
90 834
* 225 000
* 4 000
78 002
* 75 000
* 90 000
* 180 000
Mexico
1 045 940
1 067 386
1 206 907
1 237 091
1 210 477
13 424
43 964
17 657
24 447
25 099
25 040
35 874
24 148
* 35 000
* 25 000
* 3 800 000
13 781
71 409
* 66 000
* 12 500
* 4 000
459 500
493
119 840
* 4 000
4 780 000
7 544
* 70 000
* 66 000
* 12 500
* 4 000
367 000
222
30 487
* 4 000
6 550 000
4 856
55 976
* 66 000
* 12 500
* 4 000
404 000
3 156
5 093
* 4 000
* 6 600 000
3 092
* 60 000
* 66 000
* 12 500
* 4 000
428 900
6 866
9 602
* 4 000
* 6 600 000
2 486
* 60 000
* 66 000
* 12 500
* 4 000
337 800
* 7 000
* 9 600
* 4 000
6 400 000
7 200 000
9 200 000
9 400 000
9 200 000
Bulgaria
Germany
Russia
Spain
Turkey
United Kingdom
Argentina
Brazil (b)
China
India (c)
Iran (d)
Kazakhstan
Korea, Dem. P.R. of
Kyrgyzstan
Mongolia
Pakistan (a)
Thailand
Vietnam
World total
Notes
(1) In addition, the USA produced the following amounts of fluorspar equivalent in fluorosilicic acid derived from processing phosphate
rock ('000 t): 2009: 114; 2010: 128; 2011: 124; 2012: 130; 2013: 134
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
25
Production of primary gallium
Accurate data for gallium is difficult to obtain because it is produced only as a by-product of bauxite or zinc processing using proprietary
techniques and the majority of producers do not report production figures. The leading producing countries are believed to be China,
Germany, Kazakhstan and Ukraine, with smaller quantities produced in the Republic of Korea, Russia, Hungary and Japan.
The following table provides the currently available information but this is incomplete. The United States Geological Survey estimates total
world primary production as: 2009, 78 tonnes; 2010, 182 tonnes; 2011, 292 tonnes; 2012, 273 tonnes and 2013, 280 tonnes.
There is also believed to be significant production of refined gallium from scrap recycling, particularly in China, Japan, United Kingdom and
USA.
tonnes (metric)
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Russia
* 13
13
* 13
* 13
* 13
7
19
5
19
5
19
8
16
8
* 16
Japan
Kazakhstan
Production of germanium metal
tonnes (metric)
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Finland
—
12
12
16
17
USA (a)
5
3
3
*3
*3
* 100
*2
* 100
*2
* 100
*2
* 100
*2
* 100
*2
China
Japan
Notes
(1) Germanium is also believed to be recovered from imported or domestic material in Belgium, Canada, Russia and Ukraine
(a) Including production of secondary metal
26
Mine production of gold
Country
kilograms
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Bulgaria
Finland
Georgia
Greece
Greenland
Poland
Romania
Russia
Serbia (a)
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
1 207
353
4 482
5 749
* 3 100
—
—
600
* 500
205 236
818
346
—
5 542
14 470
187
1 780
2 092
4 489
7 628
* 3 100
—
—
500
* 500
201 300
856
534
—
6 285
16 890
177
2 125
1 775
5 302
8 461
* 3 100
—
103
400
* 500
185 263
1 534
398
290
5 994
24 000
202
1 941
1 562
7 058
10 886
* 3 100
26
307
469
* 500
182 580
1 400
546
1 333
6 015
29 390
102
2 324
1 619
7 385
9 981
* 3 100
823
25
431
* 500
213 977
* 1 000
533
2 053
6 530
31 044
42
Algeria
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Egypt
Eritrea
Ethiopia (b)
Gabon
Ghana
Guinea
Ivory Coast
Kenya
Liberia
Madagascar
Mali
Mauritania
Morocco (a)
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
South Africa
Sudan (c)
Tanzania
Togo
Zambia (d)
Zimbabwe
998
1 626
11 581
980
* 600
2 000
—
* 30
4 005
* 300
91 143
17 545
6 947
1 055
524
17
42 364
7 838
470
511
2 057
1 985
1 350
5 655
157
197 628
14 914
39 113
12 955
3 108
4 966
723
1 774
22 926
2 933
* 600
3 500
4 675
* 30
6 003
* 300
92 380
24 836
5 316
2 355
666
46
38 524
8 326
650
106
2 683
1 950
3 718
5 354
270
188 702
26 317
39 448
10 452
3 410
9 620
340
1 562
31 720
1 052
* 600
3 500
6 305
11 788
10 322
* 300
90 959
15 779
11 009
1 636
449
1
40 415
8 211
520
103
2 112
1 957
* 3 700
4 089
164
180 184
23 739
40 390
16 469
3 493
12 993
264
1 522
28 900
2 046
* 600
2 403
8 175
9 735
12 581
684
89 768
16 153
11 232
3 600
641
157
41 079
7 647
532
178
2 402
1 677
* 4 000
6 666
141
154 178
46 133
39 012
18 551
4 232
8 112
140
1 206
32 613
2 823
* 600
2 860
11 102
2 862
12 300
1 201
90 510
18 139
12 949
2 100
600
* 150
41 751
9 518
* 530
180
2 045
1 151
* 4 000
6 445
96
159 724
24 813
43 390
21 086
5 207
14 000
Canada
Costa Rica
Dominican Republic
Guatemala
Honduras
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
USA
97 235
* 205
425
8 484
2 127
62 439
2 590
973
223 323
102 693
* 300
533
9 213
2 200
79 376
4 877
1 667
231 000
100 379
* 500
495
11 898
1 893
88 649
6 395
2 057
234 000
104 644
—
4 106
6 473
1 859
102 802
* 6 980
2 208
235 000
124 054
—
26 084
6 386
1 985
117 848
* 8 610
1 120
228 000
48 824
7 217
60 330
40 834
47 838
5 392
1 250
9 326
63 523
6 400
62 047
39 494
53 606
4 573
1 140
9 593
59 140
6 513
65 200
45 137
55 908
4 924
* 1 300
11 293
54 651
6 973
31 300
49 936
66 178
5 139
* 1 000
13 643
52 486
6 751
79 563
51 309
55 745
7 118
* 1 000
14 963
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
French Guiana
Guyana
27
Mine production of gold
Country
kilograms
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Peru
Suriname
Uruguay (e)
Venezuela
182 390
12 834
2 010
12 232
164 070
12 932
1 705
6 991
166 168
12 605
1 702
* 7 000
161 545
12 507
1 881
* 7 000
151 486
11 001
2 092
* 7 000
Burma (a)
China (a)
India (f)
Indonesia
Iran (a)
Japan
Kazakhstan
Korea (Rep. of)
Korea, Dem. P.R. of
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Malaysia
Mongolia
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Tajikistan
Thailand
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
* 100
313 980
2 084
140 488
* 350
7 709
22 839
274
* 2 000
17 100
5 021
2 794
9 803
37 047
4 857
1 361
5 400
* 73 000
* 2 000
* 100
340 880
2 399
119 726
* 350
8 223
30 272
235
* 2 000
18 500
5 138
3 766
6 037
40 847
4 400
2 049
5 300
* 73 000
* 2 000
* 100
360 960
2 194
76 764
* 1 000
8 692
38 247
209
* 2 000
18 900
3 984
4 219
5 703
31 120
4 611
2 240
5 568
* 73 000
* 2 400
* 100
403 050
1 588
69 291
* 1 000
7 232
42 561
336
* 2 000
10 600
6 415
4 625
5 995
15 762
4 285
2 400
4 895
* 73 000
* 2 400
* 100
428 000
1 564
59 066
* 2 000
7 411
* 43 470
413
* 2 000
19 400
6 838
3 823
8 900
17 248
4 158
2 670
4 419
* 73 000
2 556
Australia
Fiji
New Zealand
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
224 000
1 091
13 073
68 173
130
260 000
1 903
12 240
66 901
130
259 000
1 572
11 738
62 271
1 588
253 000
1 439
10 049
55 839
2 109
265 000
1 218
12 468
56 035
1 826
2 500 000
2 620 000
2 630 000
2 630 000
2 790 000
World total
Notes
(1) In several countries substantial amounts of gold produced in small operations are not recorded in the official statistics used when
compiling this table
(2) In addition to the countries listed, Benin, Central African Republic, Congo, Uganda, Oman and Taiwan produce less than 100 kg gold
per year
(3) Norway is believed to produce gold
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
28
Metal production
Exports
Contained in blister copper, refinery muds and electrolytic copper
Year ended 30 November of the year stated
Production of graphite
Country
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
750
133 819
3 000
—
4 562
24 352
* 14 000
2 400
4 300
420
45 079
—
—
6 270
6 633
* 14 000
—
2 800
925
—
—
—
7 789
—
* 14 000
5 250
600
219
—
—
109
6 992
—
* 14 000
31 500
4 600
...
—
—
269
6 207
—
* 14 000
* 32 000
* 4 600
3 400
2 463
3 654
741
3 951
7 252
3 500
4 421
* 4 600
* 4 500
Canada
Mexico
* 7 000
5 105
* 20 000
6 628
* 20 000
7 348
* 20 000
7 520
* 20 000
7 024
Brazil (b)
59 425
92 364
105 188
88 110
83 600
* 1 800 000
124 625
48
* 30 000
700
3 171
* 1 800 000
115 697
34
* 30 000
950
3 437
* 1 800 000
153 339
—
* 30 000
1 268
3 357
* 1 800 000
134 735
—
* 30 000
912
* 3 100
* 1 800 000
146 009
—
* 30 000
6 188
* 3 000
2 200 000
2 100 000
2 200 000
2 100 000
2 200 000
Austria (a)
Czech Republic
Germany
Norway
Romania
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Madagascar
Zimbabwe
China (c)
India (a)(d)
Korea (Rep. of)
Korea, Dem. P.R. of
Pakistan (e)
Sri Lanka
World total
Notes
(1) This table includes all forms of amorphous and crystalline graphite but excludes synthetic material
(2) In addition to the countries listed, Egypt, Namibia and the USA are believed to produce graphite
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Crude
Including flake graphite
29
Production of gypsum
Country
Albania
Armenia
Austria (a)
Azerbaijan
Bosnia and Herzegovina (a)
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
France (a)
Germany (a)
Greece (a)
Hungary (a)
Italy
Latvia (a)
Macedonia (a)
Moldova (b)
Norway (a)(c)
Poland (a)
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Slovakia (a)
Spain
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Algeria
Angola
Egypt (a)
Eritrea
Ethiopia (d)
Kenya (a)
Libya
Madagascar
Mauritania
Morocco
Niger
Nigeria
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Tanzania
Tunisia
Canada (a)
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Guatemala
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
USA
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Paraguay
Peru
Afghanistan
Bhutan
30
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
* 78 000
40 100
910 945
44 413
74 302
127 600
318 139
317 000
13 000
1 887 260
1 898 000
730 000
19 766
* 400 000
* 1 600 000
175 870
154 550
* 200 000
68 103
1 326 928
335 189
720 713
* 2 900 000
131 000
8 181 315
* 300 000
4 369 589
711 490
* 1 200 000
* 80 000
38 700
872 273
48 887
64 570
109 200
248 675
333 000
5 000
2 065 814
1 822 000
* 600 000
20 000
* 300 000
* 1 600 000
176 510
143 118
* 300 000
36 395
1 398 500
336 755
639 010
* 2 900 000
87 000
6 990 249
* 300 000
6 321 891
678 610
* 1 200 000
* 80 000
34 000
815 438
107 328
71 870
114 800
231 008
335 000
11 000
2 452 204
2 021 000
587 000
3 000
* 300 000
* 1 600 000
216 000
162 984
* 400 000
88 953
1 225 600
337 272
834 009
* 3 000 000
88 000
7 825 747
* 350 000
5 723 439
(a) 2 969 750
* 1 200 000
91 021
30 400
791 961
149 983
73 365
113 700
182 557
327 800
14 000
2 314 788
1 949 000
700 000
—
* 200 000
* 1 600 000
252 714
157 844
375 900
85 296
1 227 900
321 988
765 251
* 3 100 000
88 000
6 359 923
* 320 000
8 248 446
(a) 2 185 800
* 1 200 000
126 399
* 27 000
635 299
169 028
73 300
119 100
114 450
315 000
11 000
2 189 971
1 778 000
760 000
—
* 200 000
* 1 600 000
* 250 000
162 661
* 400 000
* 80 000
1 270 100
299 038
736 099
* 6 000 000
60 000
7 125 463
* 340 000
* 8 000 000
(a) 2 175 400
* 1 200 000
1 756 781
* 120 000
1 035 300
* 900
* 36 000
5 345
* 250 000
156
36 928
* 600 000
19 737
* 160 000
* 1 500
597 571
30 000
8 105
360 000
1 609 605
* 200 000
* 1 668 000
* 1 000
* 36 000
5 500
* 250 000
127
65 245
* 600 000
7 559
—
* 1 500
1 026 620
31 000
26 918
435 000
1 800 000
* 200 000
* 2 138 000
* 1 000
* 36 000
6 520
* 125 000
* 120
72 153
* 600 000
6 058
*—
* 1 500
476 118
31 000
38 659
* 435 000
2 000 000
* 200 000
* 2 193 000
* 1 000
* 36 000
6 653
* 150 000
* 100
* 72 000
* 600 000
600
*—
* 1 500
558 242
117
91 610
* 435 000
2 077 700
* 200 000
* 2 200 000
* 1 000
* 36 000
* 6 500
* 150 000
* 80
* 72 000
* 600 000
—
*—
* 1 500
559 443
* 100
171 567
* 435 000
3 540 000
77 800
77 201
18 733
* 5 500
156 877
7 542 721
37 400
11 500 000
2 717 000
111 300
85 880
58 924
* 5 500
147 143
6 477 590
20 300
10 200 000
2 555 000
131 400
61 161
77 009
* 5 500
79 521
6 463 861
29 700
10 500 000
2 550 000
131 000
185 890
99 628
* 5 500
64 753
9 456 478
* 34 900
15 800 000
2 654 000
87 100
104 010
117 619
* 5 500
48 322
7 903 159
* 36 500
* 16 300 000
1 356 025
2 348 390
723 928
* 190 000
* 4 500
321 012
1 346 535
2 638 096
758 011
* 200 000
* 4 500
313 025
1 469 447
3 228 931
917 759
* 200 000
* 4 500
479 950
1 432 517
3 749 860
799 064
* 200 000
* 4 500
390 705
* 1 400 000
* 3 700 000
1 015 158
* 200 000
* 4 500
297 527
42 120
299 735
57 243
344 034
* 57 250
352 234
* 57 250
313 173
* 57 250
351 420
Production of gypsum
Country
Burma (e)
China
India (e)(f)
Indonesia
Iran (g)
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Laos
Mongolia
Oman
Pakistan (h)
Saudi Arabia
Sri Lanka
Syria
Tajikistan
Thailand
Thailand
Anhydrite
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
Yemen, Republic of
Australia (h)
World total
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
84 516
* 37 000 000
3 370 322
8 133
13 615 547
5 026 495
9 152
304 356
* 700 000
761 331
* 60 000
333 400
800 084
2 415 000
358
403 137
26 400
8 631 797
76 391
* 37 000 000
4 924 906
* 7 000
11 913 979
8 276 733
99 730
292 340
* 700 000
553 300
* 60 000
653 200
853 590
2 100 000
104
* 405 000
14 600
10 172 629
77 413
* 37 000 000
3 991 853
* 7 500
14 657 191
11 350 170
20 437
254 860
* 700 000
686 100
* 60 000
1 254 100
885 368
2 239 000
542
* 405 000
11 300
10 994 074
38 579
* 37 000 000
3 564 300
* 8 000
14 178 577
9 424 214
45 407
275 000
* 700 000
619 300
* 60 000
1 915 300
1 260 021
1 700 000
* 500
* 405 000
13 700
11 447 199
43 715
* 37 000 000
2 930 444
* 8 000
* 14 000 000
10 461 708
27 200
* 275 000
* 700 000
* 619 000
* 60 000
2 785 000
1 249 967
1 785 000
* 500
* 405 000
11 700
12 382 648
633 820
* 80 000
* 5 000
* 100 000
536 120
* 80 000
* 5 000
* 100 000
614 148
* 80 000
* 5 000
* 100 000
857 172
* 80 000
* 5 000
* 100 000
* 857 000
* 80 000
* 5 000
* 100 000
3 708 700
3 680 000
3 401 300
3 830 522
* 3 890 000
140 600 000
143 700 000
154 600 000
162 400 000
166 700 000
Notes
(1) Some countries produce large quantities of synthetic gypsum. Where possible, this output is excluded from the table
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
Including anhydrite
Excluding output from the region east of the River Nistru and the Municipality of Bender
Sales
Including selenite
31
Refinery production of indium
Country
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Belgium
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Russia
United Kingdom
* 30
* 10
*5
*5
6
*5
* 30
* 10
*5
*5
7
*5
* 30
* 10
*5
*5
6
*5
* 30
* 10
*5
*5
7
*5
* 30
* 10
*5
*5
7
*5
Canada
* 50
* 67
* 64
* 62
* 65
*5
2
*5
—
*5
*2
*5
* 11
*5
* 10
* 330
67
* 100
* 340
69
* 100
* 380
70
* 100
* 405
70
* 100
* 410
70
* 100
Brazil
Peru
China
Japan
Korea (Rep. of)
Note
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Kazakhstan is believed to produce small quantities of indium
Production of iodine
Country
kilograms
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
148 700
* 105 000
191 300
* 105 000
200 000
* 105 000
240 400
* 105 000
249 100
* 105 000
USA
* 1 250 000
* 1 250 000
* 1 270 000
* 1 270 000
* 1 270 000
Chile
17 399 000
15 793 000
16 000 000
17 494 000
20 656 000
* 580 000
* 75 000
8 232 000
* 270 000
* 2 000
* 590 000
* 75 000
9 216 000
* 270 000
* 2 000
* 590 000
* 75 000
9 277 000
* 270 000
* 2 000
* 600 000
* 75 000
9 315 000
* 270 000
* 2 000
* 600 000
* 75 000
* 9 400 000
* 270 000
* 2 000
28 100 000
27 500 000
27 800 000
29 400 000
32 600 000
Azerbaijan
Russia
China
Indonesia
Japan
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
World total
32
Production of iron ore
tonnes (metric)
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Austria (a)
Azerbaijan
Germany (b)(c)
Norway
Russia
Sweden
Turkey
Ukraine
2 002 131
30 000
2 727 452
363 699
896 000
92 000 000
20 646 000
4 169 972
66 452 000
2 068 853
57 800
1 401 000
390 353
3 266 000
95 500 000
28 797 000
5 378 455
78 541 000
2 206 910
214 300
1 891 000
489 091
2 532 100
104 000 000
30 840 000
6 308 448
80 900 000
2 142 255
207 300
2 075 732
447 515
3 420 684
104 000 000
32 198 000
7 599 511
67 149 000
2 323 323
141 400
2 121 908
413 404
3 409 269
102 100 000
37 411 000
* 7 700 000
70 389 000
Algeria
Egypt (d)
Mauritania
Morocco
Nigeria
Sierra Leone
South Africa (e)
Swaziland
Tunisia
Uganda
Zimbabwe
1 307 000
1 780 162
10 275 049
30 523
99 424
—
55 313 053
—
151 200
972
—
1 474 279
2 314 425
11 109 000
44 665
50 000
—
58 709 330
—
180 500
3 795
28
1 700 000
3 320 878
11 176 000
78 926
70 000
339 330
58 056 897
79 553
171 200
2 134
—
1 700 000
3 930 002
11 500 000
* 80 000
* 70 000
5 203 490
67 100 474
1 032 230
223 000
4 431
—
1 066 700
* 4 200 000
* 11 500 000
* 80 000
* 70 000
11 894 580
71 543 088
1 258 560
243 100
2 282
—
Canada (f)
Guatemala
Mexico
USA
31 699 000
5 463
17 693 000
26 700 000
37 001 000
1 604
21 210 000
49 500 000
33 573 000
1 160
19 403 000
54 700 000
39 427 100
10 808
22 600 000
54 000 000
42 769 700
778
28 545 000
* 52 000 000
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Peru
Venezuela
331 000 000
8 242 300
280 773
5 435 000
14 206 621
372 300 000
9 129 500
77 048
7 432 000
14 330 761
460 400 000
12 624 600
174 459
8 623 000
* 17 400 000
400 600 000
17 330 000
391 503
8 221 983
* 15 400 000
316 800 000
17 108 000
710 047
6 680 659
* 11 000 000
Bhutan
China
India (g)
Indonesia
Iran (h)
Iraq
Kazakhstan
Korea (Rep. of)
Korea, Dem. P.R. of
Malaysia (h)
Mongolia
Pakistan (d)
Philippines
Thailand
Vietnam
—
880 171 400
218 553 000
4 561 059
31 993 513
—
46 248 000
455 405
* 5 300 000
1 470 186
1 379 000
320 214
—
616 399
1 904 500
—
1 077 705 100
207 157 000
8 975 507
35 548 974
—
50 190 000
512 642
* 5 300 000
3 557 813
3 203 200
447 541
—
976 937
1 972 100
—
1 326 942 000
168 582 000
11 814 544
44 355 304
26 639
51 742 000
541 539
* 5 300 000
8 077 879
5 678 300
329 100
292 608
489 359
2 371 300
3 742
1 309 637 000
136 618 000
11 545 752
39 783 479
—
52 614 000
592 743
* 5 100 000
12 143 985
7 561 400
384 893
216 176
303 233
1 523 100
22 505
1 451 011 000
152 433 000
* 20 000 000
* 40 000 000
—
51 758 500
663 045
* 5 100 000
12 133 556
6 011 200
412 108
71 654
389 620
* 1 500 000
Australia
New Zealand
394 403 000
2 092 640
433 452 000
2 438 641
477 331 000
2 357 440
519 859 000
2 394 848
609 205 000
3 156 619
2 283 000 000
2 632 000 000
3 018 000 000
2 968 000 000
3 157 000 000
World total
Notes
(a) Including micaceous iron oxide
(b) Including manganiferous iron ore
(c) Used as aggregate in the construction industry
(d) Years ended 30 June of that stated
(e) Including by-product magnetite
(f) Including by-product iron ore
(g) Years ended 31 March following that stated
(h) Years ended 20 March following that stated
33
Production of pig iron
Country
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
4 353 000
3 087 000
482 469
3 483 000
2 042 000
8 104 318
20 104 000
1 050 000
5 670 000
4 655 000
83 000
2 983 500
1 576 679
43 900 000
964 607
3 019 000
2 920 000
1 966 000
6 913 325
25 683 000
7 671 100
5 621 000
4 688 000
620 935
3 987 000
2 564 000
10 136 827
28 560 000
1 325 000
8 555 000
5 799 000
108 000
3 637 995
1 723 418
48 200 000
1 158 628
3 649 000
3 572 000
3 447 000
16 362 115
27 366 000
7 233 000
5 815 000
4 700 000
684 734
4 137 000
2 600 000
9 697 535
27 943 000
1 315 000
9 824 000
5 943 000
101 000
3 974 930
1 595 000
48 200 000
1 197 693
3 346 000
3 540 000
3 240 000
14 877 155
28 878 000
6 625 000
5 751 000
4 073 000
749 539
3 935 207
2 461 000
9 531 844
27 046 000
1 229 000
9 424 000
5 909 000
100 000
3 943 968
1 580 000
50 500 000
318 651
3 519 755
3 081 000
2 805 000
18 289 109
28 487 000
7 183 100
6 200 000
4 343 000
759 100
4 039 528
2 100 000
10 300 000
27 177 000
600 000
6 935 000
5 700 000
* 100 000
4 013 877
* 1 300 000
50 000 000
366 277
3 616 850
3 949 000
3 000 000
* 18 000 000
29 088 700
9 471 000
680 000
3 851 000
1 077 000
5 784 000
696 000
3 565 000
1 270 000
6 549 000
360 000
3 532 000
165 000
6 018 000
350 000
3 618 000
508 000
6 092 000
* 350 000
3 400 000
1 000 000
6 404 000
Canada
Mexico
Trinidad and Tobago
USA
5 615 000
8 065 305
1 181 700
19 018 000
8 266 000
10 074 620
1 751 800
26 843 000
8 025 000
10 462 912
1 705 600
30 233 000
8 496 000
10 197 841
1 684 300
32 062 000
7 300 000
11 011 091
1 749 700
30 381 000
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Paraguay
Peru
Venezuela
2 849 000
25 135 000
923 000
342 000
71 000
100 000
5 508 000
4 098 500
30 898 000
635 000
327 000
81 000
100 000
3 760 000
4 470 900
33 416 000
1 130 000
295 000
42 000
94 000
4 470 000
3 683 000
32 448 000
1 068 000
345 000
67 000
98 000
4 594 000
4 115 390
31 552 000
869 000
264 000
69 000
91 000
2 600 000
552 834 600
61 677 000
1 119 000
10 760 000
66 942 610
2 997 000
27 474 604
* 250 000
2 388 000
791 052
2 096 282
4 623 000
7 939 000
275 000
597 333 400
64 987 000
1 274 000
10 532 000
82 283 358
2 864 000
35 064 568
* 250 000
2 390 000
* 750 000
2 040 037
4 937 000
9 358 000
* 500 000
629 693 000
66 460 000
1 228 000
12 670 000
81 028 352
3 141 000
42 212 717
* 250 000
2 877 000
* 750 000
2 212 999
5 153 000
12 940 000
* 600 000
657 905 000
62 057 000
524 000
13 725 000
81 405 470
2 707 000
41 718 000
* 250 000
2 329 000
* 750 000
2 424 000
4 976 000
11 784 000
* 650 000
708 970 000
64 893 000
* 600 000
16 465 000
83 849 049
2 622 745
41 045 000
* 250 000
* 2 300 000
* 750 000
2 385 493
5 300 000
12 122 000
* 650 000
4 370 000
608 000
6 259 000
667 000
5 296 000
659 000
3 480 000
670 000
3 435 000
678 000
978 000 000
1 109 000 000
1 160 000 000
1 183 000 000
1 239 000 000
Austria
Belgium
Czech Republic
Finland
France
Germany
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Algeria
Egypt
Libya
South Africa
China
India
Indonesia
Iran
Japan
Kazakhstan
Korea (Rep. of)
Korea, Dem. P.R. of
Malaysia
Pakistan (a)
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Taiwan
Vietnam
Australia
New Zealand
World total
Notes
(1) The data in this table include sponge iron and direct reduced iron (DRI), where these have been separately identified
34
Production of crude steel
Country
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
221 000
5 662 000
78 874
2 329 694
5 635 000
495 150
726 000
54 266
4 594 000
—
3 066 000
12 840 108
32 670 000
2 000 000
1 403 000
19 848 000
692 000
2 141 000
299 332
380 000
90 404
5 194 000
595 000
7 128 482
1 557 000
2 772 679
59 200 000
1 054 336
3 747 000
430 000
14 358 000
2 803 700
934 000
25 303 741
30 301 844
10 074 500
390 000
7 206 000
129 125
2 530 829
7 973 000
590 952
744 000
103 429
5 180 000
—
4 029 000
15 413 577
43 830 000
1 821 000
1 678 000
25 750 000
655 000
2 548 000
344 866
240 000
48 272
6 651 000
520 000
7 993 025
1 504 000
3 720 775
66 300 000
1 254 386
4 583 000
606 000
16 343 000
4 845 600
1 320 000
29 029 789
33 345 586
9 708 000
464 000
7 474 000
234 002
2 778 792
8 026 000
649 085
835 000
162 709
5 583 000
1
3 989 000
15 780 639
44 284 000
1 934 000
1 733 000
28 735 000
568 000
2 521 000
348 576
313 000
61 164
6 937 000
620 000
8 776 458
1 871 000
3 835 000
68 400 000
1 304 954
4 236 000
648 000
15 504 000
4 867 000
1 400 000
30 562 184
35 512 156
9 478 000
390 000
7 421 000
267 660
2 869 373
7 301 000
700 341
633 000
1 016
5 072 082
185
3 759 000
15 607 227
42 661 000
1 247 000
1 543 000
27 257 000
805 000
2 214 000
225 224
335 000
28 161
6 879 000
683 000
8 539 302
1 960 000
3 780 000
70 400 000
346 000
4 403 447
632 000
13 639 000
4 326 000
* 1 450 000
35 885 000
33 509 180
9 579 100
312 000
7 953 000
222 800
2 394 489
7 127 000
722 155
523 000
125 000
5 171 255
395
3 517 000
15 685 000
42 645 000
1 030 000
883 000
24 079 000
198 000
2 090 000
145 633
* 185 000
19 723
6 713 000
605 000
8 199 353
2 050 000
2 985 000
68 800 000
396 000
4 510 535
618 000
14 130 000
4 404 000
* 1 530 000
34 658 000
33 198 653
11 857 500
543 000
5 541 000
150 000
25 000
20 000
914 000
* 5 000
499 000
* 100 000
7 484 000
99 500
30 000
662 000
6 676 000
150 000
25 000
20 000
825 000
* 5 000
485 000
* 100 000
7 617 000
115 100
30 000
551 000
6 486 000
130 000
25 000
20 000
100 000
* 5 000
654 000
* 100 000
7 546 000
150 000
30 000
557 000
6 627 000
* 130 000
25 000
20 000
315 000
* 5 000
539 000
* 100 000
6 938 000
150 000
30 000
* 440 000
6 754 000
* 130 000
* 25 000
20 000
712 000
* 5 000
558 000
* 100 000
7 254 000
* 150 000
30 000
Canada
Cuba
Dominican Republic
El Salvador
Guatemala
Mexico
Trinidad and Tobago
USA
9 286 000
267 752
* 67 000
56 000
224 000
14 131 810
417 000
58 196 000
13 009 000
279 040
* 60 000
51 000
274 000
16 869 675
571 600
80 495 000
12 891 000
283 982
* 76 000
97 000
445 000
18 110 111
603 400
86 000 000
13 507 000
280 899
* 56 000
72 000
334 000
18 073 052
623 800
88 695 000
12 415 000
268 814
* 56 000
108 000
370 000
18 208 004
615 800
86 955 000
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
4 013 000
26 506 000
1 308 000
1 052 000
259 000
54 000
718 000
57 000
3 808 000
5 138 500
32 948 000
1 011 000
1 207 000
357 000
59 000
867 000
65 000
2 207 000
5 610 500
35 220 000
1 615 000
1 244 000
463 000
28 000
882 000
81 000
2 980 000
4 996 000
34 524 000
1 671 000
1 302 000
425 000
44 000
981 000
78 000
2 359 000
5 185 710
34 163 000
1 398 000
1 107 000
531 000
* 40 000
1 057 000
78 000
2 494 000
Albania
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Moldova (a)
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Algeria
Egypt
Ethiopia
Ghana
Kenya
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Nigeria
South Africa
Tunisia
Uganda
35
Production of crude steel
Country
Burma
China
India
Indonesia
Iran
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Korea (Rep. of)
Korea, Dem. P.R. of
Kuwait
Malaysia
Mongolia
Pakistan
Philippines
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Syria
Taiwan
Thailand
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
Australia
New Zealand
World total
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
* 25 000
572 182 300
63 527 000
3 501 000
10 873 000
* 300 000
87 534 137
* 150 000
4 146 000
48 572 000
* 1 255 000
* 500 000
5 354 000
53 000
* 800 000
824 009
1 472 612
4 690 000
664 000
* 70 000
15 873 000
3 645 586
* 90 000
716 000
2 700 000
* 25 000
637 229 900
68 321 000
3 664 000
11 995 000
* 300 000
109 598 507
* 150 000
4 220 000
58 914 125
* 1 300 000
* 500 000
5 694 000
68 000
* 800 000
1 050 000
1 974 937
5 015 000
728 000
* 70 000
20 498 146
4 144 908
* 500 000
716 000
4 314 000
* 25 000
683 883 000
72 200 000
3 621 000
13 040 000
* 300 000
107 601 194
* 150 000
4 699 000
68 519 191
* 1 300 000
* 500 000
5 941 000
63 600
* 850 000
1 200 000
2 005 000
5 275 000
752 000
* 70 000
22 879 000
4 238 000
* 2 000 000
733 000
4 900 000
* 25 000
716 542 000
76 715 000
2 254 000
14 463 000
* 300 000
107 232 297
* 150 000
3 851 000
69 073 000
* 1 280 000
* 500 000
5 612 000
72 400
* 850 000
1 260 000
2 148 000
5 203 000
688 000
* 70 000
19 927 000
3 328 000
2 408 000
736 000
5 298 000
* 30 000
779 041 000
81 213 000
* 2 400 000
15 422 000
* 300 000
110 594 771
* 150 000
3 250 000
66 061 000
* 1 300 000
* 500 000
* 5 600 000
* 58 600
* 972 000
* 1 300 000
2 236 000
5 471 000
434 000
* 10 000
21 466 000
* 3 500 000
2 878 000
755 000
5 600 000
5 135 000
765 000
7 408 000
853 000
6 538 000
844 000
4 904 000
912 000
4 645 000
900 000
1 232 000 000
1 431 000 000
1 517 000 000
1 546 000 000
1 607 000 000
Notes
(1) Unless otherwise indicated, these figures include production from scrap
(2) Small amounts of steel are believed to be produced in DR Congo and Sri Lanka
(a) Production from the region east of the River Nistru
36
Production of ferro-alloys
Country
Albania
Ferro-chrome
Armenia
Ferro-molybdenum
Austria
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-vanadium
Ferro-alloys
Bulgaria
Ferro-silicon
Czech Republic
Ferro-vanadium
Finland
Ferro-chrome
France
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silico-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Silicon metal
Georgia
Ferro-manganese
Germany
Ferro-chrome
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Greece
Ferro-nickel
Iceland
Ferro-silicon
Italy
Ferro-manganese
Macedonia
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-silicon
Norway
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Silicon metal
Poland
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Romania
Ferro-chrome
Russia
Spiegeleisen
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Slovakia
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
5 705
23 233
28 433
24 018
24 692
5 144
5 126
5 525
5 836
6 619
4 000
2 500
6 200
4 000
2 500
8 000
4 000
2 500
8 000
4 000
2 500
8 000
4 000
2 500
8 000
10 242
17 972
17 527
15 874
16 707
3 000
—
—
—
*—
* 1 900
* 3 400
* 4 600
* 5 800
* 6 400
123 310
238 000
231 000
229 000
434 000
46 000
54 100
* 18 300
* 80 000
138 100
62 400
* 27 000
* 112 000
130 500
63 400
* 59 000
* 128 000
* 131 000
* 64 000
* 60 000
* 110 000
* 131 000
* 64 000
* 60 000
* 110 000
* 4 500
112 016
* 4 500
203 791
* 4 500
242 746
* 4 500
257 421
* 4 500
254 115
13 667
6 336
27 620
* 18 300
* 9 200
30 105
* 18 900
9 985
30 134
* 17 800
8 248
28 574
* 17 800
* 8 200
30 283
42 400
69 600
94 000
96 435
86 850
112 992
114 230
120 076
131 818
125 204
* 20 000
56 000
* 25 000
108 000
* 25 000
145 000
* 27 000
110 000
* 27 000
* 110 000
—
12 000
7 657
36 705
14 413
30 044
50 756
17 292
56 167
14 179
19 247
42 402
—
20 001
72 279
196 700
247 615
233 974
169 643
297 300
281 266
* 200 000
* 170 000
337 900
266 000
170 102
* 170 000
* 320 000
* 250 000
203 886
* 150 000
* 780 000
* 250 000
349 389
* 150 000
1 736
72
9 673
4 190
800
100
53 206
200
800
400
72 668
300
800
200
79 400
300
820
100
73 590
11 250
15 377
—
14 353
20 605
—
* 30 000
—
* 30 000
—
* 30 000
* 7 000
378 000
8 285
88 000
98 700
6 726
31 529
745 000
8 029
* 34 000
23 900
* 7 000
414 000
4 200
171 000
147 900
6 491
34 363
916 000
13 507
* 34 000
48 700
* 7 000
* 414 000
* 4 200
* 170 000
* 148 000
6 917
* 34 400
* 916 000
16 683
* 34 000
* 48 700
* 7 000
* 414 000
* 4 200
* 170 000
* 148 000
7 018
* 34 000
* 916 000
14 381
* 34 000
* 48 000
* 7 000
* 414 000
* 4 200
* 170 000
* 148 000
5 297
* 34 000
* 916 000
14 059
* 34 000
* 48 000
32 000
4 600
22 250
34 960
26 419
38 860
25 036
32 304
18 575
50 089
32 726
20 059
* 50 000
41 664
* 20 000
37
Country
Spain
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Silicon metal
Sweden
Ferro-chrome
Turkey
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ukraine
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Egypt
Ferro-silicon (a)
Other ferro-alloys (a)
South Africa
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-silicon
Ferro-vanadium
Silicon metal
Zimbabwe
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silicon
Canada
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-silicon
Silicon metal
Dominican Republic
Ferro-nickel
Mexico
Ferro-manganese
USA
Ferro-silicon
Silicon metal
Argentina
Ferro-silicon
Brazil
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-silico-magnesium
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-niobium
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
Colombia
Ferro-nickel
Venezuela
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-silicon
38
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
* 60 100
* 59 200
* 44 000
* 23 000
* 134 000
* 132 000
* 64 400
* 32 500
* 108 000
* 164 000
* 57 000
* 43 000
* 108 000
* 165 000
* 57 000
* 45 000
* 108 000
* 166 000
* 57 000
* 45 000
31 100
64 400
80 140
35 800
55 078
41 028
2 903
* 50 000
* 3 000
* 40 000
* 3 000
* 40 000
* 3 000
* 40 000
* 3 000
135 339
771 950
76 487
193 034
23 882
285 643
1 000 329
102 940
253 801
28 546
187 897
930 337
89 903
186 306
25 126
163 921
823 131
119 652
150 265
22 115
88 626
724 892
121 586
191 207
15 908
78 355
* 30 000
47 205
37 194
25 516
* 30 000
52 421
* 30 000
...
* 30 000
2 346 132
* 265 000
* 140 000
* 110 000
* 13 000
* 39 000
3 607 132
* 517 000
* 273 000
* 128 000
* 19 000
* 46 000
3 421 911
* 696 000
* 368 000
* 135 000
* 18 000
* 48 000
* 3 000 000
* 654 000
* 346 000
* 133 000
* 16 000
* 47 000
* 3 000 000
* 650 000
* 350 000
* 130 000
* 16 000
* 50 000
72 223
603
154 336
—
161 839
—
60 205
—
* 145 000
*—
4 620
25 820
* 30 000
4 620
36 786
* 30 000
4 620
31 039
* 30 000
* 4 600
* 31 000
* 30 000
* 4 600
* 31 000
* 30 000
—
—
13 528
15 186
17 590
42 492
85 065
81 019
134 470
73 684
139 047
61 845
161 221
60 674
157 855
194 000
* 143 000
370 000
* 143 000
* 294 000
* 143 000
* 294 000
* 143 000
* 294 000
* 143 000
6 644
11 300
10 900
* 11 000
* 11 000
* 11 000
* 11 000
* 11 000
* 11 000
* 11 000
108 893
1 750
18 300
44 600
109 500
31 600
48 900
175 000
21 200
154 000
172 800
13 100
33 600
87 200
218 700
23 800
77 200
247 300
36 650
184 100
145 000
11 600
20 900
77 000
218 600
45 600
81 900
210 900
32 700
210 400
181 425
18 890
21 200
88 714
241 705
94 400
50 400
203 881
38 784
230 000
174 200
* 19 000
* 20 000
* 90 000
* 240 000
34 500
46 600
* 200 000
* 40 000
230 000
153 628
145 239
103 371
138 966
137 995
15 800
45 800
40 113
52 100
5 300
16 500
45 200
76 800
12 000
24 000
51 800
70 000
* 12 000
* 24 000
* 50 000
* 70 000
* 12 000
* 24 000
* 50 000
* 70 000
tonnes (metric)
Country
Bhutan
Ferro-silicon
China
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Other ferro-alloys
Silicon metal
India
Ferro-aluminium (b)
Ferro-chrome (b)
Ferro-silico-magnesium (b)
Ferro-manganese (b)
Ferro-silico-manganese (b)
Ferro-molybdenum (b)
Ferro-silicon (b)
Ferro-titanium (b)
Ferro-vanadium (b)
Other ferro-alloys (b)
Indonesia
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-nickel
Iran
Ferro-chrome (c)
Ferro-silicon (c)
Japan
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-manganese
Ferro-molybdenum
Ferro-nickel
Ferro-vanadium
Other ferro-alloys
Kazakhstan
Ferro-chrome
Ferro-silico-chrome
Ferro-silicon
Other ferro-alloys
Korea (Rep. of)
Ferro-manganese
Other ferro-alloys
Korea, Dem. P.R. of
Ferro-alloys
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
* 90 800
* 97 500
* 79 600
* 82 000
* 83 000
1 813 000
116 000
20 171 000
992 900
(d) ...
(d) ...
* 26 100 000
1 142 700
(d) ...
(d) ...
* 28 400 000
1 355 300
(d) ...
(d) ...
* 30 000 000
* 1 500 000
(d) ...
(d) ...
* 31 000 000
* 1 500 000
* 5 500
922 000
12 465
513 000
166 810
699
81 000
406
455
5
5 854
938 000
17 574
511 000
175 225
1 122
81 000
485
646
79
5 850
943 000
19 491
517 000
201 066
1 058
89 000
595
695
93
4 935
944 000
19 205
518 000
236 541
1 076
90 000
630
796
42
5 497
944 000
21 964
518 000
225 395
1 231
90 000
821
906
43
* 12 000
* 7 000
62 750
* 12 000
* 8 000
93 440
* 12 000
* 8 000
98 450
* 13 000
* 9 000
91 860
* 13 000
* 9 000
91 245
* 8 000
* 50 000
* 8 000
* 50 000
* 8 000
* 50 000
* 8 000
* 50 000
* 8 000
* 50 000
7 698
361 375
49 205
3 598
284 884
2 560
12 957
16 208
453 265
49 865
4 615
348 420
4 190
16 374
17 217
456 798
49 798
5 167
279 944
3 980
20 913
19 392
436 171
52 287
4 616
371 913
4 403
19 364
21 671
460 936
24 741
4 550
402 768
4 433
19 394
1 173 286
60 829
200 374
33 100
1 205
1 311 302
159 765
224 627
4 813
1 283
1 289 917
143 296
232 039
1 683
1 754
1 305 343
164 853
251 530
464
1 845
1 337 275
165 195
203 926
470
646
182 308
148 509
3 921
286 259
120 779
4 059
355 047
195 650
4 162
* 355 000
* 196 000
* 4 200
* 355 000
* 196 000
* 4 200
* 10 000
* 10 000
* 10 000
* 10 000
* 10 000
212 000
219 000
267 000
198 000
234 000
* 36 000
* 37 000
* 34 000
* 43 000
* 52 000
156 553
165 506
169 513
184 476
174 078
Australia
Ferro-manganese and ferro-silicomanganese (a)
Silicon metal
New Caledonia
Ferro-nickel
Notes
(d) Included with 'other ferro-alloys'
39
Production of kaolin
Country
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic (a)
France
Germany (b)
Greece
Italy
Poland (c)
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Slovakia
Spain (c)
Turkey
Ukraine (a)
United Kingdom
18 148
* 300 000
148 384
* 11 829
488 000
350 000
4 513 753
—
* 180 000
136 561
274 925
651
* 45 000
163 616
10 000
270 298
234 614
* 157 000
1 059 848
18 914
* 300 000
41 808
* 16 832
636 000
350 000
4 578 097
3 493
* 180 000
125 000
273 890
326
* 45 000
76 197
—
310 993
787 287
* 195 000
* 1 140 000
18 897
* 300 000
232 147
7 700
660 000
310 000
4 898 516
7 250
* 180 000
163 600
322 041
—
* 45 000
90 472
4 000
384 179
1 229 352
* 271 000
* 1 290 000
* 14 000
* 300 000
149 495
33 900
624 000
308 000
4 398 796
6 268
* 180 000
137 800
321 689
—
* 45 000
69 487
3 000
402 251
* 1 300 000
* 243 000
* 1 150 000
* 13 000
* 300 000
44 940
22 600
609 000
* 300 000
4 348 562
5 786
* 180 000
166 000
246 308
32 722
* 45 000
* 70 000
6 000
393 427
* 1 300 000
* 285 000
* 1 110 000
Algeria
Egypt
Eritrea
Ethiopia (d)
Kenya
Madagascar
Nigeria
South Africa
Sudan
Tanzania
Uganda
87 766
523 300
* 175
1 613
* 850
90
* 100 000
31 048
66 799
18 624
4 721
71 065
304 200
* 200
1 613
* 900
259
* 100 000
29 929
32 696
42 649
27 237
108 000
304 000
* 200
4 498
* 900
*—
* 100 000
15 220
15 096
1 177
20 883
100 000
* 300 000
* 200
* 4 000
* 900
*—
* 100 000
20 499
11 579
1 422
42 886
42 500
* 300 000
* 200
* 4 000
* 900
*—
100 000
22 295
* 10 000
907
43 875
Cuba
Guatemala
Mexico
USA (e)
—
1 879
406 421
5 290 000
100
2 143
516 850
5 950 000
3 000
1 620
372 506
5 950 000
4 000
1 866
514 730
5 980 000
3 600
1 339
669 860
5 950 000
Argentina
Brazil (a)
Chile
Ecuador
Paraguay
Peru
Venezuela
78 792
1 987 000
48 354
28 775
* 66 000
9 655
300
78 722
1 900 000
62 226
41 089
* 66 000
16 446
9 444
54 166
2 200 000
59 912
95 062
* 66 000
18 169
* 10 000
66 574
1 800 000
60 429
42 564
* 66 000
34 585
* 10 000
70 000
2 100 000
60 000
40 000
* 66 000
32 249
* 10 000
* 3 000 000
79 963
* 186 000
907 487
1 980
* 12 000
177 471
890 157
487 632
17 169
2 389
4 166
9 538
18 413
131 131
* 150 000
* 650 000
3 260 000
76 498
* 170 000
1 480 291
2 606
* 12 000
114 931
962 275
530 331
22 769
2 490
66 166
8 207
18 097
156 827
* 150 000
* 650 000
3 200 000
76 134
* 175 000
* 1 500 000
—
* 13 000
89 903
1 051 772
442 550
16 055
3 529
70 000
11 157
16 936
175 881
* 150 000
* 650 000
* 3 200 000
101 354
* 180 000
1 503 377
—
* 13 000
76 000
796 603
438 923
21 555
4 631
74 000
* 10 000
26 376
175 464
* 150 000
* 650 000
* 3 200 000
66 598
* 180 000
* 1 500 000
—
* 13 000
* 65 000
847 172
293 480
22 917
6 568
78 000
* 10 000
15 963
* 175 000
* 150 000
* 650 000
China
India (g)(h)
Indonesia
Iran (i)
Iraq
Japan
Jordan
Korea (Rep. of)
Malaysia
Pakistan (f)
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand (a)
Uzbekistan (g)
Vietnam
40
Production of kaolin
Country
Australia (f)
New Zealand
World total
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
120 013
9 016
114 157
107 761
46 388
21 545
89 229
11 578
* 81 000
13 066
24 000 000
26 200 000
27 500 000
26 400 000
26 400 000
Notes
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Denmark is believed to produce kaolin
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
Beneficiated
Washed and dried
Washed
Beneficiated; excludes directly used natural kaolin
41
Mine production of lead
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Bulgaria (a)
Greece
Italy
Kosovo
Macedonia
Montenegro
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom (b)
2 080
12 981
10 000
49 500
17 000
6 500
46 788
—
62 910
—
* 3 000
72 000
1 800
63
1 000
69 293
21 600
243
3 196
12 705
12 200
39 100
—
5 700
41 293
—
48 050
—
* 7 700
97 000
1 800
94
229
67 697
39 000
251
3 656
14 369
13 400
50 700
—
4 530
37 295
1 200
40 492
—
*—
123 000
2 100
114
5 705
62 028
38 682
280
3 700
15 949
18 060
47 400
—
5 295
39 184
1 500
73 231
87
* 5 300
134 000
2 500
166
6 800
63 551
57 017
61
4 400
16 914
18 010
42 950
—
6 378
42 826
1 700
74 000
1 496
* 400
143 000
3 100
...
6 000
59 556
* 78 000
36
Morocco
Namibia
Nigeria
South Africa
34 517
10 129
5 200
49 149
32 647
10 140
3 300
50 625
30 850
8 330
9 100
54 460
* 27 500
9 270
11 300
52 489
* 32 500
10 851
11 500
41 848
Canada
Guatemala
Honduras
Mexico
USA
68 839
—
14 471
143 838
405 800
64 844
—
16 954
192 062
369 000
67 505
—
13 100
223 717
340 000
64 116
2 300
12 400
238 091
345 000
20 188
* 1 100
11 600
253 361
340 000
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Peru
24 753
84 538
8 917
1 511
302 459
22 600
72 803
12 832
695
261 990
26 100
100 051
8 545
841
230 199
* 28 000
81 095
8 922
410
249 236
* 17 000
82 131
* 10 000
1 829
266 472
* 5 000
1 604 100
82 629
27 000
34 000
1 032
* 27 000
1 000
—
685
2 400
* 6 000
* 7 000
1 981 300
84 442
* 32 000
35 000
584
* 20 000
1 355
* 900
543
3 900
* 3 700
* 8 700
2 405 700
89 910
* 29 600
38 800
1 289
* 28 500
1 361
* 900
396
8 900
* 4 100
* 9 800
2 613 200
102 482
* 50 000
38 000
1 940
* 38 000
164
* 600
*—
16 000
* 300
* 11 700
* 3 000 000
108 004
* 45 000
40 800
2 500
* 59 000
1 600
* 400
—
17 000
*—
567 000
711 000
621 000
621 000
711 000
3 900 000
4 400 000
4 700 000
5 100 000
5 600 000
Burma
China
India (c)
Iran
Kazakhstan
Korea (Rep. of)
Korea, Dem. P.R. of
Laos
Pakistan
Saudi Arabia
Tajikistan
Vietnam
Australia
World total
Notes
(b) By-product of gold mining in Northern Ireland
42
Production of refined lead
Country
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Estonia
France
Germany
Greece
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Algeria
Burkina Faso
Ghana (a)
Kenya
Morocco
Mozambique
Nigeria
Senegal (a)
South Africa
Uganda
Zambia
Canada
Costa Rica
Dominican Republic
Guatemala
Honduras
Mexico
USA (b)
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
Peru
Venezuela
Burma
China
India
Indonesia
Iran
Israel
Japan
Kazakhstan
Korea (Rep. of)
Korea, Dem. P.R. of
Malaysia
Pakistan (c)
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
22 200
109 000
35
83 100
29 000
5 000
62 000
390 600
* 11 000
19 000
149 000
* 27 000
100 400
7 000
8 687
90 000
14 000
138 000
51 574
800
* 42 000
60 600
312 000
25 500
121 000
4 474
80 600
30 000
7 200
71 000
405 400
* 11 000
19 000
150 000
* 27 000
120 300
9 000
11 263
96 000
14 000
165 000
59 179
—
* 42 000
71 500
301 000
26 200
119 000
3 370
71 000
34 000
7 800
80 000
429 100
* 7 000
18 000
149 500
* 27 000
135 500
6 000
6 854
103 000
15 000
177 000
52 438
—
* 48 000
55 300
275 000
24 504
119 000
3 327
68 000
30 000
8 046
83 000
423 000
* 6 000
16 000
138 400
* 27 000
141 000
5 000
13 000
107 000
12 000
160 000
61 528
—
* 50 000
43 200
311 930
38 786
129 000
2 382
71 000
28 000
7 581
71 000
400 000
* 6 000
17 000
151 000
* 27 000
145 400
4 000
14 000
109 000
12 000
157 000
69 000
—
* 50 000
48 800
329 200
6 000
—
* 2 000
* 1 000
20 100
400
8 000
* 2 000
58 000
800
* 800
11 000
—
* 2 000
* 1 000
38 237
600
11 000
* 2 000
51 000
800
* 2 482
10 000
—
2 403
* 1 000
36 469
800
9 000
2 383
56 000
800
* 3 100
6 000
—
2 961
* 1 000
* 16 000
900
9 000
3 366
54 000
800
* 2 000
9 000
2 160
3 076
* 1 000
* 14 000
1 700
* 9 000
2 607
52 000
800
* 2 000
258 854
—
—
* 10 000
—
228 800
1 215 000
272 937
—
—
* 10 000
—
257 200
1 252 000
282 589
4 000
2 000
* 10 000
956
281 700
1 250 000
275 461
4 000
5 000
* 10 000
—
279 100
1 221 000
288 300
7 000
7 000
* 10 000
—
271 200
1 264 000
83 000
155 000
34 000
26 082
* 36 000
77 200
172 000
42 000
*—
* 31 000
84 600
184 000
42 000
*—
* 26 000
* 81 000
188 000
42 000
5 000
* 25 000
* 77 000
152 000
42 000
62 900
* 22 000
* 200
3 772 900
332 000
* 45 000
72 000
26 000
247 634
80 994
332 500
* 4 000
54 000
385
* 32 000
37 000
1 000
36 000
55 504
* 2 000
* 200
4 157 500
367 000
* 45 000
75 000
27 000
267 206
103 400
327 900
* 3 000
26 000
1 545
* 30 000
39 000
1 000
35 000
55 504
* 2 000
* 200
4 603 600
419 000
* 47 000
82 000
27 000
252 562
111 518
416 900
* 3 000
44 000
1 569
* 34 000
35 000
1 000
36 000
42 223
* 2 000
* 200
4 590 100
460 000
* 45 000
81 000
26 000
258 527
88 099
460 000
* 3 000
32 000
1 414
* 32 000
39 000
2 100
35 000
86 507
* 2 000
* 200
4 475 100
473 000
* 45 000
85 000
26 000
251 854
90 750
427 700
* 3 000
38 000
* 1 400
* 32 000
40 000
3 800
* 35 000
87 385
* 2 000
43
Production of refined lead
tonnes (metric)
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
235 000
* 11 000
213 000
* 11 000
232 000
* 13 000
207 000
* 3 000
232 000
—
9 300 000
9 900 000
10 500 000
10 500 000
10 500 000
Australia
New Zealand
World total
Notes
(1) Figures relate to both primary and secondary refined lead and include the lead content of antimonial lead
(b) Excluding lead content of primary antimonial lead
(c) Years ended 30 June of that stated
Production of lithium minerals
Country
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
37 359
40 109
37 534
20 698
19 940
4 270
7 824
—
—
—
50 000
42 000
44 000
47 000
44 000
* 10 000
* 1 500
*—
* 1 500
*—
* 1 500
*—
* 1 500
*—
* 1 500
17 570
12 853
14 706
* 13 000
* 12 500
15 929
30 538
15 733
52 851
7 820
69 597
7 084
71 594
* 7 000
60 646
China
* 53 000
* 55 000
* 58 000
* 60 000
* 61 000
Australia
Spodumene
197 482
303 729
421 228
452 921
* 421 000
17 300
22 500
27 900
28 300
25 500
Portugal
Lepidolite
Spain
Lepidolite
Zimbabwe
Canada
USA (a)
Argentina (b)(c)
Brazil
Spodumene
Chile (b)
World total (Li content)
Notes
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Russia has also produced lithium minerals in the past
(a) Li content
(b) Carbonate
(c) Chloride
44
Production of magnesite
Country
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
544 716
380 834
183 256
47 000
* 2 600 000
477 600
390 311
861 180
757 063
396 497
236 053
63 000
* 2 600 000
650 100
462 959
2 316 763
867 912
393 880
274 877
75 350
* 2 600 000
751 700
577 725
2 588 276
778 810
349 998
290 873
84 000
* 2 600 000
618 400
649 977
2 443 478
714 422
368 588
249 568
97 000
* 2 600 000
584 000
643 827
* 2 400 000
South Africa
Zimbabwe
* 80 000
449
* 80 000
—
* 80 000
169
* 80 000
—
* 80 000
*—
Canada (b)
Guatemala
Mexico
* 140 000
17 247
—
* 150 000
—
—
* 150 000
311
—
* 150 000
27 132
100 724
* 150 000
17 196
101 000
409 909
*—
483 882
*—
476 805
*—
479 304
—
* 500 000
1 774
* 13 000 000
301 070
130 575
132 636
* 150 000
2 639
3 872
—
28 410 000
235 762
126 702
135 930
* 150 000
5 159
4 186
—
33 010 000
224 104
172 697
126 988
* 150 000
4 908
4 784
159 000
* 35 000 000
224 315
* 170 000
105 610
* 150 000
5 444
4 822
254 000
* 37 000 000
195 105
* 170 000
91 040
* 150 000
6 705
5 998
235 000
366 188
301 142
671 073
614 139
522 187
20 200 000
37 600 000
43 400 000
45 200 000
46 900 000
Austria
Greece
Netherlands (a)
Poland
Russia
Slovakia
Spain
Turkey
Brazil (c)
Colombia
China
India (d)
Iran (e)
Israel (f)
Korea, Dem. P.R. of
Pakistan (g)
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Australia (g)
World total
Notes
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Bulgaria is believed to produce magnesite
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
Chloride produced from solution mining
Officially described as magnesitic dolomite and brucite
Magnesium chloride
Production of primary magnesium metal
tonnes (metric)
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Russia
Ukraine
* 30 000
* 2 000
* 30 000
* 2 000
* 30 000
* 2 000
* 30 000
* 2 000
* 30 000
* 2 000
USA
* 40 000
* 40 000
* 40 000
* 40 000
* 40 000
Brazil
* 5 000
* 5 000
* 5 000
* 5 000
* 5 000
525 600
* 200
19 405
* 21 000
—
—
—
650 800
* 200
23 309
* 21 000
—
—
—
674 900
* 200
26 284
* 21 000
—
200
41 300
698 300
* 200
27 292
* 21 000
* 2 500
200
37 500
769 200
* 200
27 399
* 23 000
* 7 500
500
49 000
China
India
Israel
Kazakhstan (a)
Korea (Rep. of)
Malaysia
Oman
Note
(a) Not marketed as metal but used in titanium production
45
Production of manganese ore
Country
Bulgaria
Georgia (a)
Hungary
Romania
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
28 300
* 370 000
43 000
20 304
...
141 246
(a) 932 000
106 000
* 370 000
55 000
13 120
...
134 336
(a) 1 589 000
85 600
* 370 000
58 000
3 180
2 600
172 480
1 391 228
39 100
* 370 000
51 000
8 993
8 200
192 756
1 234 007
103 600
* 370 000
35 000
21 300
* 8 200
* 200 000
1 524 696
—
* 12 500
1 992 060
1 012 941
* 100 000
51 788
51 471
57 355
6 508
3 200 570
1 194 074
* 80 000
75 614
35 728
49 715
37 194
3 831 215
1 827 692
* 60 000
58 000
41 876
—
62 388
3 363 170
1 490 634
* 50 000
90 200
* 42 000
—
* 65 000
4 091 399
2 003 176
* 40 000
123 200
* 42 000
4 564 855
10 911
500
7 156 338
15 407
—
8 635 863
15 979
—
8 931 472
11 943
—
* 10 930 000
* 22 000
*—
330 328
466 649
437 264
510 942
580 309
2 320 000
1 642
3 125 000
—
3 483 000
—
3 571 000
—
2 502 259
—
* 607 000
* 12 000 000
2 491 950
125 506
2 457 400
567 963
64 930
* 754 000
* 13 000 000
3 056 385
131 561
3 045 000
899 703
50 450
* 586 000
* 14 000 000
2 411 871
194 428
2 963 000
597 917
398
* 286 000
* 14 500 000
2 342 169
172 560
2 975 000
1 099 585
8 151
* 394 000
* 15 500 000
2 588 313
* 170 000
2 852 100
1 125 127
14 320
4 445 000
6 474 000
6 961 000
7 179 000
7 448 000
34 700 000
45 100 000
48 300 000
48 600 000
52 800 000
Burkina Faso
Egypt (b)
Gabon
Ghana
Ivory Coast
Morocco
Namibia
South Africa
Metallurgical
Chemical
Sudan
Mexico
Brazil
Chile
Burma
China
India (c)
Iran (d)
Kazakhstan
Malaysia
Thailand
Australia
World total
tonnes (metric)
Notes
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Colombia, Cuba and Vietnam are believed to produce manganese ore
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
46
Marketable
Fiscal years ending 30 June of that stated
Production of mercury
kilograms
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Finland
Russia
6 210
* 50 000
9 000
* 50 000
5 000
* 50 000
—
* 50 000
—
* 50 000
Morocco
* 18 000
* 20 000
* 20 000
* 20 000
* 20 000
Mexico (a)
USA
* 10 600
* 15 000
* 11 000
* 15 000
* 120 300
* 15 000
* 235 300
* 15 000
* 532 383
15 000
Argentina
Chile (b)
9 468
* 88 000
24 600
* 176 000
11 000
(a)* 89 200
18 800
(a)* 48 600
11 000
(a)* 19 325
China
Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
1 425 000
140 000
19 000
1 585 000
99 000
15 000
1 493 000
112 000
15 000
1 347 000
74 000
103 000
1 613 000
* 75 000
30 000
World total
1 800 000
2 000 000
1 900 000
1 900 000
2 400 000
Notes
(1) Several countries are believed to have unrecorded production of mercury from copper electrowinning processes and by recovery from
effluents
(a) BGS estimates based on net exports
(b) From copper solvent extraction and electrowinning processes
47
Production of mica
Country
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
7 855
* 18 000
* 9 000
3 655
40 681
13 809
* 19 000
* 9 000
4 034
36 009
12 896
* 19 000
* 9 000
3 775
17 542
12 112
* 18 000
* 9 000
3 518
1 253
11 244
* 19 700
* 9 000
3 462
* 1 260
* 50
358
299
100
* 50
2 069
904
10
* 50
3 950
633
378
* 50
12 532
400
324
* 50
* 13 000
309
* 350
* 18 000
5 000
51 100
* 19 000
160
56 100
* 21 000
—
52 000
* 22 000
160
47 500
* 22 000
160
* 50 000
8 668
4 379
9 638
4 709
10 226
6 193
5 785
5 220
* 6 000
* 5 000
China (c)
India (d)
Iran (e)
Korea (Rep. of) (f)
Malaysia (g)
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
* 91 000
1 061
6 797
27 078
4 324
2 347
557
* 126 000
1 333
2 860
36 486
4 515
2 095
—
* 132 000
1 899
7 130
31 260
4 245
2 927
1 455
* 149 000
1 256
* 7 000
25 594
3 967
* 2 900
6 844
* 161 000
1 610
* 5 000
25 143
4 363
* 2 900
8 931
World total
300 000
348 000
338 000
334 000
350 000
Finland
France (a)
Russia
Spain (a)
Turkey
Egypt
Madagascar
South Africa
Sudan
Canada
Mexico
USA (a)(b)
Argentina
Brazil
Notes
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Romania is believed to produce mica
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
48
Including mica recovered from mica schists and/or kaolin beneficiation
Conservative BGS estimates, based on exports
Mainly sericite
Sericite
Mine production of molybdenum
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Armenia
Norway
Russia
4 365
...
4 561
4 377
...
4 495
4 822
...
4 842
5 446
4
4 838
5 934
8
* 4 800
Canada
Mexico
USA
8 721
10 167
47 800
8 648
10 849
59 400
8 674
10 787
63 700
8 954
11 366
60 400
9 000
12 562
* 61 000
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Peru
1 148
262
34 786
12 297
468
337
37 044
16 963
1 708
263
40 698
19 141
3 233
185
35 090
16 790
3 829
* 200
38 715
18 140
China
Iran (a)
Mongolia
90 270
3 882
2 410
96 615
3 676
2 198
103 320
3 365
1 957
104 000
3 512
1 904
* 110 000
* 3 500
1 819
221 000
245 000
263 000
256 000
270 000
World total
Notes
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Australia, Georgia, India, Democratic P.R. of Korea, Romania and Tajikistan are believed to produce
molybdenum
49
Production of nepheline syenite
Country
Norway
Russia
Nepheline syenite
Nepheline concentrates
Canada
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
270 000
327 000
330 000
320 000
320 000
4 400 000
500 000
4 900 000
1 000 000
4 608 000
997 000
4 947 000
1 056 700
4 662 000
990 600
513 000
581 000
610 000
592 000
674 000
Mine production of nickel
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
550
1 600
9 600
10 565
12 000
336
600
261 900
8 029
1 199
1 954
12 100
16 100
9 100
14 200
348
600
270 000
6 296
2 539
914
18 800
21 700
7 728
25 600
339
900
270 000
—
848
750
19 600
18 630
4 436
10 800
351
800
268 700
2 398
3 805
2 151
19 300
16 890
7 607
21 100
296
600
240 000
7 574
* 1 200
29 616
—
733
34 610
1 500
4 858
24 931
—
317
39 960
2 809
6 133
15 675
—
217
43 321
2 869
7 992
17 948
5 695
* 300
45 945
—
5 716
22 848
25 148
* 300
51 208
—
13 000
135 037
65 000
—
—
160 063
65 400
—
—
219 025
68 600
13 528
—
211 701
64 600
15 186
2 400
223 295
62 000
9 400
9 200
Brazil
Colombia
Venezuela
36 200
51 802
13 749
54 100
49 433
12 063
74 600
37 800
13 400
89 600
51 595
8 100
77 400
49 369
*—
China
Indonesia
Philippines
84 800
192 900
137 350
79 800
305 200
184 330
89 800
552 300
319 354
93 300
720 000
317 621
107 200
868 300
315 633
Australia
New Caledonia
Papua New Guinea
165 800
95 649
—
168 500
131 309
—
215 000
128 732
—
243 600
131 693
4 758
234 000
150 451
12 918
1 356 000
1 618 000
2 149 000
2 360 000
2 548 000
Albania
Finland
Greece
Kosovo
Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Russia
Spain
Turkey
Botswana
Madagascar
Morocco
South Africa (a)
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Canada
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Guatemala
World total
Notes
(a) Includes metal and metal content of sulphate and concentrates
50
Smelter/refinery production of nickel
Country
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
700
41 556
13 900
8 269
6 365
12 000
88 577
600
244 800
15 800
17 800
1 000
49 772
12 900
13 960
7 200
14 400
92 185
600
262 300
21 900
31 600
1 000
49 823
13 700
18 530
7 500
17 300
92 427
900
263 000
17 100
37 400
1 000
46 275
13 200
18 630
8 000
19 200
91 687
840
256 000
20 800
34 300
1 000
44 498
12 100
17 500
7 600
20 000
91 017
600
240 000
22 800
40 400
—
34 200
9 200
—
34 700
4 000
—
35 900
3 700
5 695
32 900
1 800
25 148
32 200
2 800
116 909
33 599
—
105 413
33 972
—
142 445
34 572
13 528
139 800
34 263
15 186
137 410
33 542
9 400
32 800
51 802
10 400
41 900
49 443
11 700
43 271
37 817
13 400
59 779
51 595
8 100
57 500
49 369
—
China
Indonesia
Japan
Korea (Rep. of)
253 800
12 550
143 500
19 333
332 300
18 688
166 100
21 461
435 200
19 690
156 900
18 580
519 200
18 372
169 600
21 769
693 500
21 200
177 800
25 744
Australia
New Caledonia
131 200
38 230
101 600
39 802
110 300
40 513
128 800
43 030
142 000
40 459
1 338 000
1 469 000
1 624 000
1 760 000
1 946 000
Austria
Finland
France
Greece
Kosovo
Macedonia
Norway
Poland
Russia
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Madagascar
South Africa
Zimbabwe
Canada
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Brazil
Colombia
Venezuela
World total
Note
(1) Data relate to refined nickel plus the nickel content of ferro-nickel, nickel oxide and nickel salts
(2) In addition to the countries listed, the USA produces some nickel as a refinery by-product
51
Production of perlite
tonnes (metric)
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Armenia
Bulgaria
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Russia
Slovakia
Turkey
Ukraine
27
14 800
862 935
82 058
* 60 000
* 45 000
25 000
522 832
* 36 000
95
—
760 000
70 990
* 60 000
* 45 000
23 000
545 585
* 36 000
229
—
720 000
70 900
* 60 000
* 45 000
23 000
702 673
* 36 000
181
3 700
790 000
72 364
* 60 000
* 45 000
24 000
887 600
* 36 000
53
—
700 000
* 64 220
* 60 000
* 45 000
16 000
* 900 000
* 36 000
* 400
* 400
* 400
* 400
* 400
51 395
348 000
31 779
414 000
30 750
420 000
29 950
396 000
27 200
* 376 000
21 802
27 182
27 446
24 663
* 25 000
* 700 000
753 183
* 220 000
10 100
13 500
* 700 000
547 617
* 210 000
10 500
14 700
* 700 000
* 500 000
* 200 000
13 800
26 500
* 700 000
* 500 000
* 200 000
9 221
41 400
* 700 000
* 500 000
* 200 000
14 249
14 293
7 649
8 848
6 616
5 088
2 362
—
940
3 598
1 300
—
South Africa
Mexico
USA
Argentina
China
Iran (a)
Japan
Philippines
Thailand
Australia (b)
New Zealand
Notes
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Algeria, Canada, Djibouti, Iceland and Mozambique are believed to produce perlite
52
Production of crude petroleum
Country
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Albania
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia (a)
France
Georgia
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
576 739
905 031
48 353 700
1 720 010
23 800
807 424
217 000
13 045 000
1 733 000
971 000
52 731
2 800 063
87 000
796 000
4 550 816
114 956
1 704 000
115 612 000
686 992
4 388 940
494 000 000
663 005
19 000
138
106 817
2 489 914
3 960 000
68 198 000
742 012
875 969
48 580 900
1 700 140
22 400
748 791
173 000
12 090 000
2 080 000
903 000
50 413
2 511 174
86 000
735 900
5 080 498
114 464
1 414 000
105 146 000
686 487
4 172 411
505 000 000
865 499
16 000
233
121 528
2 602 114
3 549 000
62 962 000
894 530
838 052
43 195 200
1 681 470
21 400
664 440
163 000
10 909 000
2 173 132
901 000
48 942
2 677 136
87 126
657 000
5 286 042
113 895
1 464 000
100 343 000
618 163
4 081 979
509 000 000
1 020 490
18 000
263
99 925
* 2 600 000
3 363 000
51 972 000
1 112 000
837 561
43 000 000
1 660 000
23 600
620 835
150 000
9 968 000
2 180 313
888 000
42 194
2 633 000
83 143
700 931
5 376 629
101 644
1 467 000
94 497 000
677 664
3 992 011
517 000 000
1 124 794
14 000
279
143 526
* 2 500 000
3 345 000
44 560 000
1 224 000
847 952
43 200 000
1 645 000
27 400
620 795
152 000
8 657 000
2 379 253
* 800 000
52 248
2 645 000
62 233
607 132
5 480 000
86 054
1 519 000
90 347 000
962 090
3 994 122
523 000 000
1 163 988
13 000
298
367 645
* 2 600 000
3 071 000
40 646 000
Algeria
Angola
Cameroon
Chad
Congo
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
Ghana
Ivory Coast
Libya
Mauritania
Morocco
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
South Africa
South Sudan
Sudan
Tunisia
77 800 000
87 600 000
3 700 000
6 200 000
13 335 006
1 100 000
35 300 000
15 200 000
11 829 000
301 000
2 897 000
77 400 000
550 143
9 300
—
101 500 000
33 600
270 000
—
23 400 000
3 902 000
75 500 000
90 500 000
3 200 000
6 400 000
15 581 948
1 050 000
35 000 000
13 600 000
12 431 000
360 000
2 197 000
77 700 000
412 000
10 400
—
117 200 000
53 800
316 000
—
22 800 000
3 731 400
74 300 000
83 800 000
3 200 000
6 000 000
14 828 348
1 010 000
34 600 000
12 500 000
12 170 000
3 832 875
1 984 000
22 500 000
385 000
9 600
350 000
117 400 000
54 500
179 000
—
(b) 14 300 000
3 203 300
67 200 000
86 900 000
3 200 000
5 300 000
13 250 062
1 173 020
34 700 000
14 900 000
12 300 000
3 928 071
1 898 902
71 100 000
327 000
* 9 600
1 042 857
116 200 000
7 700
137 000
(b) 1 500 000
5 100 000
3 160 400
68 900 000
87 400 000
3 200 000
5 000 000
13 567 146
1 153 640
34 500 000
14 600 000
11 800 000
4 905 079
1 853 809
46 500 000
338 000
* 9 600
1 042 857
111 300 000
15 800
79 000
4 900 000
6 000 000
2 807 400
Barbados
Canada
Cuba
Guatemala
Mexico
Trinidad and Tobago
USA
38 030
139 300 000
2 731 300
523 700
153 600 000
5 056 600
333 967 163
42 069
141 600 000
3 024 800
605 100
152 670 000
5 061 410
346 357 633
40 179
150 200 000
3 011 700
554 100
151 842 000
4 736 250
359 501 561
37 369
160 900 000
2 998 900
537 620
150 601 000
4 222 897
408 705 215
35 619
172 500 000
2 858 000
505 573
148 999 000
3 828 769
463 755 343
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
32 027 302
1 565 000
105 000 000
192 000
33 288 500
24 747 000
7 175 000
31 298 213
1 599 700
110 600 000
217 750
38 990 438
24 810 000
7 753 000
29 439 986
1 644 800
113 400 000
246 810
45 433 683
25 498 000
7 533 000
29 328 026
1 925 800
111 470 000
321 305
46 866 079
25 696 000
7 494 774
28 670 771
2 922 000
109 360 000
357 838
49 742 675
26 869 791
8 278 655
53
Production of crude petroleum
Country
Suriname
Venezuela
Afghanistan
Bahrain (c)
Brunei
Burma (e)
China (f)
East Timor
India (e)
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kuwait (g)
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Mongolia
Oman
Pakistan (h)
Philippines
Qatar
Saudi Arabia (g)
Syria
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Thailand
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Vietnam (c)
Yemen, Republic of
Australia
New Zealand (c)
Papua New Guinea
World total
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
945 300
149 900 000
953 300
142 500 000
966 300
139 600 000
958 219
139 700 000
964 672
135 100 000
* 3 000
2 399 000
8 291 000
983 000
189 489 600
(d) 3 066 000
33 691 000
47 440 000
202 400 000
117 533 000
2 010
840 000
1 500
76 482 000
121 300 000
77 300
31 500 000
257 000
40 500 000
3 204 400
1 150 000
57 900 000
459 500 000
18 853 258
15 995
26 200
12 900 000
10 200 000
126 300 000
4 500 000
16 579 500
14 000 000
* 3 000
2 294 000
8 448 000
958 000
203 014 000
(d) 2 760 000
37 712 000
47 245 000
207 100 000
120 400 000
1 791
796 000
1 200
79 684 000
122 500 000
82 800
30 500 000
300 000
43 100 000
3 160 800
1 092 000
65 700 000
466 600 000
19 100 000
14 477
27 000
13 000 000
10 700 000
130 800 000
3 600 000
15 562 700
18 000 000
* 3 000
2 346 000
8 248 000
935 000
203 646 000
(c) 3 095 000
38 090 000
45 105 000
205 800 000
136 900 000
4 638
759 000
900
80 060 900
139 700 000
90 300
27 200 000
351 000
44 100 000
3 205 500
1 016 000
78 200 000
525 800 000
16 500 000
11 344
28 300
12 100 000
10 700 000
151 300 000
3 600 000
15 769 100
14 600 000
* 3 000
2 711 000
7 955 925
875 000
207 478 000
(c) 3 661 000
37 862 000
43 105 000
177 100 000
152 400 000
30 690
724 000
1 100
79 225 000
153 700 000
83 600
28 000 000
500 137
45 803 815
3 276 442
876 596
83 300 000
547 000 000
8 500 000
11 379
29 800
* 12 950 000
11 000 000
154 700 000
3 200 000
17 305 300
13 200 000
* 3 000
3 024 000
7 875 300
864 000
208 129 000
(c) 2 519 000
37 778 000
41 292 000
166 100 000
153 200 000
52 259
627 000
* 1 100
81 731 400
151 300 000
* 83 600
29 600 000
705 488
46 902 251
3 712 130
* 877 000
84 200 000
542 300 000
2 800 000
10 511
27 300
* 12 950 000
11 400 000
465 700 000
2 900 000
17 390 000
16 684 524
22 527 000
2 574 440
1 813 000
24 796 000
2 468 440
1 683 000
21 967 000
2 129 540
1 424 000
21 814 000
1 868 670
1 346 000
18 194 000
1 608 260
1 399 000
3 849 000 000
3 932 000 000
3 980 000 000
4 095 000 000
4 425 000 000
Notes
(1) The figures shown in this table include natural gas liquids
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
54
From oil shale
Sudan and South Sudan separated on 9 July 2011
Including natural gas liquids
Entirely natural gas liquids
Including oil from shale and coal
Including shares of production from the Neutral Zone
Production of natural gas
Country
Albania
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Denmark
France
Georgia
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland, Republic of (a)
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Algeria
Angola
Congo
Egypt
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon (b)
Ivory Coast
Libya
Morocco
Mozambique
Nigeria
South Africa
Tunisia
Barbados
Canada
Cuba
Mexico
Trinidad and Tobago
USA (b)
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Venezuela
Afghanistan
Bahrain
Bangladesh (c)
Brunei
Burma (d)
China
East Timor
India (d)
Indonesia
Iran
million m3
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
9
1 559
16 325
205
15
2 591
180
7 998
813
12
15 554
11
2 748
414
7 909
74 659
104 800
5 537
11 273
584 000
279
114
3
19
660
24 189
63 022
2
1 713
16 673
213
74
2 727
201
7 792
736
8
13 666
7
2 600
402
8 265
83 944
107 800
5 666
11 138
649 000
423
106
7
58
626
20 382
59 674
2
1 591
16 361
222
443
2 471
187
6 262
623
6
12 952
6
2 315
361
8 339
76 429
101 697
5 921
11 164
669 000
616
106
2
58
536
20 646
47 911
—
1 729
17 242
218
390
2 013
204
5 480
538
5
11 706
6
2 205
380
8 511
76 020
114 918
5 871
11 095
653 000
672
93
1
65
547
20 491
41 396
—
1 359
17 895
228
282
3 724
207
4 566
340
5
10 678
5
2 065
354
7 710
81 479
108 746
5 380
11 135
668 000
660
91
3
62
* 550
21 313
38 090
79 600
690
538
62 700
5 900
85
1 300
15 900
41
3 600
24 800
1 200
3 056
80 400
733
934
61 300
6 136
85
1 352
16 800
50
3 744
36 600
1 600
3 402
78 000
752
1 161
61 400
6 235
57
1 317
7 900
53
3 548
39 900
1 400
2 935
81 500
760
1 161
60 900
6 811
85
1 317
12 200
* 80
3 600
43 300
1 186
2 826
78 600
925
1 161
56 100
* 6 800
* 85
1 329
12 000
* 80
3 631
36 100
838
* 2 890
19
156 046
1 155
59 400
43 221
584 001
20
151 023
1 073
57 600
44 624
603 596
20
145 285
1 020
58 300
42 883
648 506
20
141 274
1 035
56 900
42 604
681 246
* 20
140 146
1 066
56 600
42 831
687 589
48 416
12 786
13 370
1 889
10 378
296
3 470
28 700
47 097
14 923
16 152
1 792
10 599
340
7 149
30 200
45 524
15 790
18 280
1 440
10 810
224
12 034
31 200
44 124
18 300
20 845
1 207
10 897
510
12 527
32 800
44 124
20 800
24 290
893
12 930
514
12 921
28 400
142
12 478
18 511
10 733
12 441
85 269
5 504
47 510
86 699
131 200
142
12 781
19 919
12 283
12 746
94 848
5 120
52 222
86 342
146 200
* 142
12 651
20 075
12 797
12 888
102 500
5 416
47 559
81 896
151 800
* 142
13 610
21 056
12 565
12 806
107 200
5 192
40 679
89 933
165 600
* 142
15 800
22 670
12 206
13 163
117 050
5 906
34 412
87 040
166 600
55
Production of natural gas
Country
million m3
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kuwait (e)
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia
Oman
Pakistan (c)
Philippines
Qatar
Saudi Arabia (e)
Syria
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Thailand
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
1 200
2 825
3 539
220
35 942
11 200
15
59 970
24 800
41 367
3 910
89 300
77 500
7 948
351
20
26 347
36 400
59 100
60 000
8 010
1 300
3 234
3 396
185
37 406
11 600
23
61 250
29 279
41 995
3 683
116 700
87 700
7 700
290
23
29 565
42 400
60 500
59 600
9 402
900
4 320
3 298
179
39 531
13 500
27
61 260
30 848
41 676
3 976
145 300
99 200
8 300
330
15
29 041
59 500
52 300
49 100
8 480
700
2 558
3 276
162
40 299
15 500
29
62 050
37 919
44 145
3 905
150 800
102 800
5 300
442
7
* 32 700
62 300
54 300
56 900
9 403
600
6 492
2 995
* 150
41 912
15 600
* 29
69 100
34 723
42 641
3 511
158 500
103 000
4 500
381
2
* 41 800
62 300
56 000
55 200
9 681
Australia
New Zealand
Papua New Guinea
42 813
4 168
156
52 081
4 420
151
53 925
3 995
158
59 733
4 277
149
61 163
4 525
156
3 095 000
3 300 000
3 379 000
3 473 000
3 509 000
World total
Notes
(1) So far as possible the figures in this table exclude flared or reinjected gas
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
56
Sales
Dry gas
Including one-half of the output of the Neutral Zone
Production of phosphate rock
tonnes (metric)
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Finland
Russia
658 347
9 537 800
817 289
10 843 500
869 694
10 304 300
858 005
10 282 400
877 189
10 743 300
Algeria
Egypt (a)
Malawi
Morocco
Senegal
South Africa
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Zimbabwe
1 017 000
6 227 424
—
18 307 000
948 600
2 237 128
18 000
725 547
7 409 000
32 100
1 525 234
3 021 335
—
26 603 000
976 200
2 493 904
17 180
695 123
8 148 500
56 656
1 281 100
1 392 990
—
28 052 000
1 411 000
2 564 820
10 125
865 616
2 479 400
46 047
1 250 300
2 456 562
12 403
27 000 000
1 380 900
2 242 213
19 984
1 100 000
2 762 300
34 600
1 150 000
* 3 000 000
* 12 000
26 400 000
882 400
2 131 854
23 020
1 213 657
3 283 500
17 900
Canada
Cuba
Mexico
USA
901 388
2 400
1 421 823
26 400 000
826 858
6 200
1 507 402
25 800 000
851 308
6 000
1 690 606
28 100 000
516 000
1 700
1 724 662
30 100 000
316 000
3 000
2 391 451
* 32 300 000
6 084 000
6 192 000
6 738 000
6 740 000
6 334 984
13 292
1 649
* 48 000
—
362 753
50 528
845
* 50 000
1 134 086
85 240
15 929
1 625
* 50 000
8 889 295
81 500
15 601
1 266
54 000
10 345 925
159 400
14 956
2 915
49 400
14 842 307
106 400
60 208 900
563 000
1 605 489
61 231
45 000
2 697 000
5 280 693
1 204 700
* 100 000
17 625
68 070 000
566 645
2 097 490
* 62 000
55 000
2 777 200
6 528 708
1 755 000
* 100 000
47 385
81 223 000
616 000
2 259 726
98 081
52 720
3 021 955
7 594 000
1 716 200
* 100 000
30 950
95 296 000
653 000
1 941 158
* 100 000
100 000
2 488 496
6 383 000
1 868 200
* 100 000
69 400
108 510 000
672 000
1 383 998
* 100 000
140 000
2 539 166
5 398 600
1 831 800
* 100 000
104 961
2 257
251
—
36 347
2 466 150
658
700 000
2 047 400
2 308
272
—
47 778
3 764 900
35 783
657 900
2 324 500
2 778
310
—
58 254
3 541 900
3 300
652 600
2 395 300
2 952
331
1 534 000
47 600
1 780 300
1 990
664 300
2 364 500
3 478
409
1 611 000
49 100
897 600
350
700 000
2 656 000
1 962 893
146 816
2 135 801
407 654
2 388 038
436 563
884 643
521 491
2 064 291
347 184
161 000 000
182 000 000
202 000 000
216 000 000
235 000 000
Brazil (b)
Chile
Phosphate rock
Guano
Colombia
Peru
Venezuela
China
Christmas Island (a)(c)(d)
India (e)
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Korea, Dem. P.R. of
Pakistan (a)
Philippines
Phosphate rock
Guano
Saudi Arabia
Sri Lanka
Syria
Thailand
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
Australia (a)
Nauru (c)
World total
Notes
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Indonesia, Mali and Nigeria are believed to produce phosphate rock
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Exports
Including phosphate dust
57
Mine production of platinum group metals
Country
Finland
Platinum
Palladium
Poland
Platinum
Palladium
Russia
Platinum (a)
Palladium (a)
Other platinum metals (a)
Serbia
Platinum
Palladium
Botswana
Platinum
Palladium
Ethiopia
Platinum (b)
South Africa
Platinum
Palladium
Other platinum metals
Zimbabwe
Platinum
Palladium
Canada
Platinum
Palladium
USA
Platinum
Palladium
Colombia
China
Platinum
Palladium
Australia
Palladium (c)
World total
kilograms (metal content)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
—
—
—
—
—
—
429
379
946
766
30
20
30
20
* 30
* 20
* 30
* 20
* 30
* 20
24 400
113 100
2 200
26 500
115 700
2 200
26 500
107 500
2 100
24 900
89 900
2 800
25 000
84 000
2 600
12
38
—
22
6
20
3
22
2
25
746
4 728
498
2 830
373
2 115
435
2 613
218
1 337
8
1
1
*1
*1
140 819
75 118
55 456
147 790
82 222
57 292
148 008
82 731
58 111
128 590
74 738
51 010
137 024
76 008
51 156
6 849
5 354
1 190
8 639
6 916
1 536
10 827
8 422
2 162
7 664
5 901
2 090
* 8 000
* 6 000
* 2 000
* 4 000
* 6 900
* 500
* 3 600
* 6 200
* 400
* 8 000
* 14 000
* 900
* 7 000
* 12 000
* 800
* 9 000
* 16 000
* 100
3 826
12 659
3 450
11 600
3 700
12 400
3 670
12 300
* 3 700
* 12 500
929
997
1 231
1 460
1 504
* 1 400
* 700
* 1 400
* 700
* 1 400
* 700
* 1 400
* 700
* 1 400
* 700
1 034
781
445
706
786
462 000
481 000
492 000
432 000
441 000
Notes
(1) Wherever possible, figures relate to quantities of platinum group metals thought to be recovered from ores originating in the country
stated
(2) Figures for metal production are only given for countries where recovery is thought to be based predominantly on domestic materials
or on imported materials which have not been recorded as mine production elsewhere in the table
(3) In addition to the production listed, concentrates produced in Spain, and possibly other countries, are believed to be processed in
China to recover platinum group metals
(a) Sales from mine production and stocks
(b) Years ending 7 July of that stated
(c) Platinum group metals; all forms
58
Production of potash
Country
tonnes (K2O content)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2 485 400
5 222 600
5 305 800
4 830 700
4 178 500
1 825 139
3 690 900
3 023 941
6 128 100
3 214 696
6 526 300
3 149 386
5 403 300
3 075 201
6 000 000
481 455
418 778
436 026
421 652
961 865
* 403 800
* 403 800
* 462 000
* 540 000
* 540 000
4 318 000
9 788 000
11 005 000
8 962 717
10 140 000
700 000
930 000
1 000 000
900 000
* 970 000
452 698
417 990
423 850
346 509
492 100
713 000
961 000
864 000
996 172
1 158 403
China
Israel
Chloride
Jordan
2 062 000
2 344 500
2 598 800
2 559 000
3 600 000
2 446 200
1 199 400
2 041 342
1 284 791
1 789 721
1 355 160
2 115 468
1 094 400
2 155 414
1 046 500
World total
20 800 000
33 000 000
35 000 000
36 300 000
34 300 000
Belarus
Germany
Potassic salts
Russia
Spain
Chloride
United Kingdom
Chloride
Canada
Chloride
USA
Potassic salts
Brazil
Chloride
Chile
Chloride
59
Production of rare earth oxides
tonnes (metric)
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Russia
1 898
1 496
1 444
2 131
1 443
—
—
—
* 480
* 2 400
* 200
* 160
* 188
* 134
* 130
* 129 400
16
20
* 118 900
—
471
* 105 000
—
498
* 100 000
—
114
* 95 000
—
229
—
—
2 188
2 612
970
USA
Brazil
China (a)
India (b)(c)
Malaysia
Australia (d)
Notes
(1) All the figures in this table are either reported as rare earth oxides or are calculated to rare earth oxide equivalent
(2) Prior to the 2005-2009 edition of this book, a table for the production of 'rare earth minerals' was included rather than the current 'rare
earth oxides'. Users should exercise caution when comparing statistics over longer time periods
(3) Although rare earth minerals are believed to be extracted in other countries, there is insufficient evidence to estimate the quantities of
contained oxides
(4) Where possible, data are shown against the country where the mineral is mined
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Includes production from iron ore extraction, bastnasite concentrates and ion absorption clays
Years ending 31 March following that stated
May include small quantities of other rare earth compounds
Years ending 30 June of that stated
Production of rhenium
tonnes (metric)
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Armenia
Poland
Russia
*0
4
*2
*0
4
*2
*0
5
*1
*1
*5
*2
*0
*9
*2
USA
6
6
9
8
*8
Chile
Peru
* 25
*5
* 25
*5
* 27
*—
* 27
*—
* 27
*—
*1
*3
*0
*1
*2
*0
*1
*3
*0
*1
*3
*0
*1
*3
*0
China
Kazakhstan
Uzbekistan
60
Production of salt
Country
Albania
Sea salt
Armenia
Austria
Rock salt
Salt in brine
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Bulgaria
Croatia
Denmark
France (a)
Germany
Rock salt
Brine salt
Salt in brine
Greece
Italy
Rock salt and brine salt
Montenegro
Sea salt
Netherlands
Poland
Rock salt
Brine salt
Other salt
Portugal
Rock salt
Sea salt
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Rock salt
Sea salt
Other salt
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Algeria
Brine salt and sea salt
Angola
Botswana
Djibouti
Egypt (b)
Eritrea
Ethiopia (c)
Ghana
Guinea
Kenya (d)
Libya
Madagascar
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius (e)
Morocco
Mozambique (e)
Namibia
Niger
Senegal
Somalia
South Africa
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
* 47 000
29 402
* 47 000
29 440
* 47 000
35 570
* 47 000
37 798
* 47 000
31 000
50
1 035 044
5 466
2 089 282
556 089
1 300 000
57 186
511 063
* 6 100 000
95
1 071 842
4 449
2 411 683
566 101
1 900 000
66 835
601 046
* 6 100 000
169
1 150 474
* 5 000
2 617 565
721 046
2 200 000
53 963
* 595 000
* 6 100 000
222
3 193 216
5 345
2 176 650
743 807
2 100 000
45 992
* 590 000
* 6 100 000
184
3 717 419
6 268
2 625 270
727 894
2 000 000
42 502
580 000
* 6 300 000
7 709 844
1 862 630
* 7 300 000
* 189 000
9 992 156
2 118 484
* 4 500 000
* 190 000
8 765 168
2 217 205
* 6 500 000
* 190 000
5 938 855
2 182 440
* 10 900 000
191 970
8 510 652
2 164 456
7 878 895
189 500
3 678 234
4 006 882
2 912 128
2 862 440
2 879 174
17 000
5 967 000
11 200
5 982 000
10 000
6 866 000
16 000
6 513 000
10 000
6 517 000
988 545
2 533 413
763 385
1 221 700
2 464 363
763 515
1 254 000
2 633 300
768 000
793 000
2 732 200
724 000
1 310 500
2 735 500
499 200
594 578
72 325
2 072 744
1 600 000
28 782
41 000
2 924
618 961
44 574
2 388 357
704 000
30 816
—
59
631 295
47 267
2 248 940
373 000
23 334
—
4 291
520 284
88 693
1 888 516
413 000
16 506
—
5 684
473 095
91 282
2 113 752
348 000
13 704
—
3 360
2 763 081
1 338 789
99 853
554 000
3 765 564
5 394 512
6 166 000
3 115 940
1 242 718
92 644
643 000
4 044 254
4 908 186
6 666 000
3 096 383
1 314 529
92 850
478 324
6 545 546
5 938 000
6 060 000
2 785 959
1 222 060
100 643
* 528 000
5 251 878
6 181 415
6 460 000
2 902 729
1 229 000
147 553
* 652 000
* 5 000 000
5 796 287
* 6 500 000
269 255
* 70 000
241 114
—
2 951 636
* 26 000
41 847
* 250 000
* 15 000
24 125
* 40 000
* 70 000
* 6 000
455
2 301
310 376
* 110 000
807 348
* 1 300
222 500
* 1 000
408 422
187 160
* 50 000
364 761
* 12 000
2 703 250
* 26 000
31 401
* 85 000
* 15 000
* 24 000
* 40 000
* 70 000
* 6 000
391
3 000
503 351
* 120 000
783 036
* 1 300
231 400
* 1 000
394 493
245 000
* 40 000
446 525
* 12 000
2 460 462
* 26 000
125 087
* 100 000
* 15 000
24 639
* 20 000
* 70 000
* 6 000
690
4 000
720 814
* 120 000
792 000
* 1 300
258 200
* 1 000
381 177
178 000
* 40 000
389 481
* 12 000
2 883 577
* 26 000
* 100 000
* 150 000
* 15 000
9 980
* 30 000
* 70 000
* 6 000
* 700
3 800
* 720 000
* 130 000
810 000
—
237 300
* 1 000
399 135
172 900
* 40 000
521 306
* 12 000
* 2 900 000
* 26 000
* 100 000
* 150 000
* 15 000
8 895
* 30 000
* 70 000
* 6 000
* 700
3 800
* 720 000
* 130 000
826 985
—
243 000
* 1 000
479 024
61
Production of salt
Country
Sudan
Tanzania
Tunisia (e)
Bahamas (f)
Bonaire
Canada
Rock salt
Other salt (g)
Cuba
Dominican Republic (a)
El Salvador (e)
Guatemala (e)
Honduras
Mexico
Netherlands Antilles
Nicaragua (e)
Panama (e)
USA
Rock salt (h)
Salt in brine (h)
Evaporated salt (h)
Argentina
Brazil
Rock salt
Sea salt
Chile
Colombia
Rock salt
Sea salt
Ecuador
Peru
Venezuela (e)
Afghanistan
Bangladesh (b)
Burma (i)
Cambodia (e)(j)
China
India
Rock salt (i)
Sea salt (i)
Other salt (i)
Indonesia
Iran (k)
Iraq
Israel (e)
Japan (i)
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Korea (Rep. of)
Korea, Dem. P.R. of
Kuwait
Laos
Lebanon
Mongolia
Oman
Pakistan
Rock salt (b)
Sea salt (b)
Philippines (e)
Saudi Arabia
Rock salt and brine salt
Sri Lanka
Syria
Taiwan
Tajikistan
62
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
35 793
27 393
1 260 100
141 840
34 455
1 804 000
10 791
32 297
1 180 500
26 315
34 016
1 131 200
* 30 000
36 032
1 146 000
767 691
—
1 310 915
—
713 138
* 300 000
659 671
* 400 000
956 789
* 400 000
13 644 520
1 006 375
265 700
* 50 000
87 300
* 50 000
* 40 000
7 445 025
303 565
* 30 000
19 548
9 536 288
1 001 200
271 800
* 50 000
114 100
* 50 000
* 40 000
8 634 098
337 321
* 30 000
27 587
11 629 830
994 718
280 800
* 50 000
98 200
* 50 000
* 40 000
9 361 454
—
* 30 000
16 577
9 820 792
1 023 832
215 900
* 50 000
103 100
* 60 000
* 40 000
10 100 935
—
* 30 000
15 596
11 223 829
986 253
222 400
* 50 000
* 100 000
* 60 000
* 40 000
10 297 955
—
* 30 000
27 197
20 700 000
17 480 000
8 280 000
19 052 000
16 454 000
7 794 000
19 360 000
16 720 000
7 920 000
13 392 000
17 484 000
6 324 000
* 14 436 000
* 18 847 000
* 6 817 000
1 477 532
1 532 124
1 888 676
1 843 975
* 1 800 000
1 443 000
4 462 000
8 382 215
1 415 373
5 614 959
7 694 879
1 335 454
4 829 275
9 966 038
1 403 364
11 078 507
8 057 130
* 1 400 000
* 11 000 000
6 576 960
255 332
356 797
* 75 000
1 567 279
* 350 000
288 676
139 810
* 75 000
1 228 900
* 350 000
305 706
116 265
* 75 000
1 468 266
* 350 000
308 547
211 721
* 75 000
1 242 765
* 350 000
319 184
113 226
* 75 000
1 205 435
* 350 000
163 641
1 368 323
408 767
* 30 000
66 627 900
168 827
1 388 557
125 218
* 170 000
70 377 600
* 169 000
1 409 239
162 319
* 95 000
64 294 000
* 169 000
1 430 329
207 261
* 80 000
62 158 000
* 169 000
1 438 805
169 109
* 85 000
64 603 000
2 300
17 478 600
6 470 400
585 000
2 816 235
113 130
356 889
1 095 000
23 000
222 942
382 270
* 500 000
* 50 000
27 700
* 15 000
1 402
30 600
1 200
14 202 300
4 406 600
* 600 000
3 291 063
102 000
420 749
1 122 000
32 542
276 131
222 509
* 500 000
* 50 000
32 240
* 15 000
1 862
12 300
—
18 188 300
3 990 800
* 650 000
2 714 735
136 007
399 649
978 000
—
364 222
372 230
* 500 000
* 50 000
35 100
* 15 000
2 183
12 400
—
19 205 600
5 341 300
* 700 000
2 961 952
143 441
414 984
925 000
32 000
463 960
308 847
* 500 000
* 50 000
47 600
* 15 000
2 461
12 800
—
17 517 000
5 502 300
* 700 000
* 3 000 000
181 928
442 417
929 000
* 32 000
519 188
421 259
* 500 000
* 50 000
* 48 000
* 15 000
* 2 100
11 800
1 917 486
31 293
516 066
1 943 527
174 786
557 644
1 953 711
286 697
720 146
2 135 760
292 135
774 815
2 159 939
297 047
992 640
1 680 000
102 500
78 263
171 583
49 772
1 800 000
104 000
* 80 000
262 594
50 365
1 864 000
87 256
* 80 000
104 854
26 994
1 611 000
* 87 000
* 80 000
70 750
27 954
1 691 000
* 87 000
* 80 000
80 966
31 762
Production of salt
Country
Thailand
Rock salt
Other salt
Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
Yemen, Republic of
Australia
New Zealand
World total
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
1 376 037
* 100 000
* 215 000
* 60 000
679 000
* 70 000
1 405 406
* 100 000
* 215 000
* 60 000
975 300
* 70 000
1 359 493
* 100 000
* 215 000
* 60 000
862 000
* 70 000
1 363 539
* 100 000
* 215 000
* 60 000
1 177 900
* 70 000
1 300 156
* 100 000
* 215 000
* 60 000
* 1 200 000
* 70 000
11 560 000
67 000
12 186 996
60 000
12 849 548
70 000
13 167 372
88 000
13 503 763
55 000
280 400 000
276 800 000
282 700 000
281 500 000
287 300 000
Notes
(1) This table does not include production of refined salt
(2) Salt is known to be produced in many countries for which statistics are not available
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
Salt; all forms
Lake salt
Sea salt
Exports
Including salt in brine
Seasons beginning in November and ending in May of the year stated.
63
Production of selenium metal
tonnes (metric)
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Belgium
Finland
Germany
Poland
Russia
Sweden
* 200
59
* 230
80
* 160
129
* 200
73
* 250
79
* 170
72
* 200
86
* 250
85
* 265
* 70
* 200
93
* 250
90
* 172
* 70
* 200
101
* 250
80
* 155
* 70
173
—
97
62
35
95
144
95
159
132
61
59
54
42
* 40
* 65
709
* 120
* 65
* 20
* 65
804
* 130
* 65
* 20
* 65
809
* 130
* 65
* 20
* 65
820
* 130
* 70
* 20
* 65
739
* 130
* 70
* 20
Canada
Mexico
Peru
China
Japan
Kazakhstan
Philippines
Uzbekistan
Notes
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Australia, Chile, the Republic of Korea and Zimbabwe are believed to produce selenium metal
Production of sillimanite minerals
Country
France
Andalusite
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
* 65 000
* 65 000
* 65 000
* 68 000
* 68 000
Madagascar
South Africa
Andalusite
—
—
—
4 500
4 500
* 245 000
* 245 000
* 295 000
* 265 000
* 270 000
USA
Kyanite (a)
71 000
93 000
98 000
99 000
* 95 000
Brazil
Kyanite (b)
* 200
* 200
* 200
* 200
* 200
5 495
33 687
5 954
48 784
4 064
59 206
1 048
43 736
1 922
61 597
10
* 24
25
29
19
India
Kyanite (c)
Sillimanite (c)
Nepal
Kyanite (d)
Notes
(1) A number of other countries produce sillimanite minerals but details of output are not reported
(2) In addition to the countries listed above as producing sillimanite minerals, synthetic mullite is believed to be produced in Brazil,
Germany and Hungary
(3) Production capacity for synthetic mullite also exists in China, India, Japan, the USA and the United Kingdom but output is believed to
be zero
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
64
Including related minerals
Years ending 15 July of that stated
Mine production of silver
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
9 000
—
* 55 000
70 062
27 500
—
5 267
* 35 000
1 221 000
20 483
* 18 000
1 312 600
4 424
201
2 200
288 590
351 600
514
16 400
1 400
* 55 000
64 596
29 000
—
3 818
* 32 000
1 183 000
20 561
* 18 000
1 144 600
4 384
320
20 800
302 145
363 520
506
16 100
3 805
* 55 000
73 081
* 33 300
9
6 109
* 30 000
1 167 000
28 027
* 18 000
1 134 000
7 380
330
29 900
301 959
246 500
531
14 000
3 700
* 55 000
128 200
* 39 800
27
9 454
* 31 000
1 200 000
29 890
* 18 000
1 399 600
8 388
441
32 943
309 337
193 890
230
14 083
1 900
* 55 000
100 890
39 759
*3
7 822
* 32 000
1 100 000
40 621
18 000
1 412 100
8 400
508
* 31 000
341 346
186 621
82
200
—
—
—
—
771
3 928
—
210 000
(a) 700
256
77 780
413
8 231
147
—
—
5 875
—
771
* 3 900
—
243 000
—
326
79 315
631
12 040
70
—
—
9 187
4 417
715
* 3 900
98
227 100
1 841
197
73 180
* 700
13 524
42
8 700
—
12 342
29 922
* 2 400
* 3 900
410
230 200
2 376
329
67 304
* 700
11 227
27
22 597
31 320
60 431
15 799
* 1 400
* 3 900
572
255 000
2 010
* 300
68 777
* 700
11 014
Canada
Dominican Republic
Guatemala
Honduras
Mexico
Nicaragua
USA
617 777
23 120
127 836
58 768
3 553 841
4 491
1 245 000
591 482
22 816
194 242
59 787
4 410 749
6 995
1 270 000
661 089
18 169
272 771
50 634
4 777 710
7 928
1 120 000
685 255
27 296
204 555
51 896
5 358 195
* 10 200
1 060 000
645 976
78 228
265 943
50 900
5 821 001
13 745
1 090 000
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
415 235
1 325 730
14 590
1 301 018
10 827
116
3 922 708
693 600
1 259 000
14 630
1 286 688
15 300
1 200
3 640 444
702 000
1 215 586
15 238
1 291 272
24 045
1 589
3 418 862
750 000
2 413 000
20 145
1 194 521
19 368
2 934
3 480 587
682 600
1 288 000
* 20 000
1 173 845
13 968
1 197
3 674 283
* 2 900 000
138 780
359 451
* 40 000
4 469
618 141
1 700
* 50 000
14 726
367
20 397
2 162
33 808
7 527
3 100
15 300
52 900
3 085 441
148 303
335 040
* 40 000
4 981
552 060
2 025
* 50 000
17 234
436
19 641
1 290
41 004
7 670
3 100
15 300
59 100
3 231 626
207 144
227 173
* 40 000
4 486
650 649
2 649
* 50 000
17 976
459
19 107
1 979
45 530
5 839
1 800
16 423
* 60 000
3 639 100
374 046
247 800
* 40 000
3 536
963 182
2 925
* 50 000
20 221
1 628
19 118
486
49 211
5 500
1 800
32 047
* 60 000
3 670 210
349 774
* 200 000
* 40 000
3 644
963 580
3 897
* 50 000
32 262
361
29 332
—
40 043
4 158
1 800
32 381
* 60 000
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Bulgaria
Finland
Greece
Greenland
Macedonia
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia (a)
Serbia (a)
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
Algeria
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Eritrea
Ethiopia (b)
Ghana
Ivory Coast
Morocco
Namibia
Niger
South Africa
Sudan
Tanzania
China
India (c)
Indonesia
Iran
Japan
Kazakhstan
Korea (Rep. of)
Korea, Dem. P.R. of
Laos
Malaysia
Mongolia
Oman
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Tajikistan
Thailand
Uzbekistan
65
Mine production of silver
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
1 702 000
313
14 264
55 082
—
1 879 000
328
17 136
83 957
—
1 725 000
418
14 324
90 055
592
1 728 000
342
5 630
81 332
902
1 840 000
462
11 223
89 666
685
22 379 000
23 436 000
23 476 000
26 449 000
26 107 000
Australia
Fiji
New Zealand
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
World total
Notes
(a) Smelter and/or refinery production
(b) Years ended 7 July of that stated
Production of natural sodium carbonate
Country
Botswana
Ethiopia (a)
Kenya
USA
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
215 188
4 046
404 904
240 898
4 046
473 689
257 851
3 650
499 100
248 629
* 4 000
449 269
227 913
* 4 000
468 215
9 310 000
10 600 000
10 700 000
11 100 000
* 11 400 000
Note
(a) Years ended 7 July of that stated
Production of strontium minerals
Country
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Spain
57 466
83 035
97 102
96 888
90 972
Morocco
* 2 600
* 2 500
* 2 500
* 2 500
* 2 500
Mexico
36 127
31 429
40 669
46 190
67 778
8 169
8 512
1 056
* 5 000
* 5 000
* 700 000
15 396
470
* 700 000
—
160
* 700 000
40 000
—
* 700 000
* 20 000
—
* 700 000
* 20 000
—
Argentina (a)
China
Iran
Pakistan (b)
Notes
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Germany and Poland are believed to produce strontium minerals
(a) May contain unbeneficiated material
66
Production of sulphur and pyrites
Country
Austria
Recovered (a)
Belarus
Recovered (a)
Denmark
Recovered (a)
Finland
Pyrites
Recovered (b)
Recovered (a)
Germany
Recovered (a)
Recovered (c)
Lithuania
Recovered (a)
Norway
Recovered (b)
Recovered (a)
Poland
Frasch
Recovered (b)
Recovered (a)
Russia
Pyrites
Recovered (a)
Recovered (c)
Sulphur ore
Spain
Recovered (b)
Recovered (a)
Sweden
Recovered (b)
Recovered (a)
Other Europe (d)
South Africa
Pyrites
Recovered (b)
Recovered (a)
Other Africa (d)
Canada
Recovered (b)
Recovered (a)
Mexico
Recovered (b)
Recovered (a)
USA
Recovered (b)
Recovered (a)
Other North and Central America (d)
Brazil
Pyrites
Recovered (b)
Recovered (a)
Chile
Recovered (b)
Colombia
Recovered (a)
Sulphur ore
Other South America (d)
Abu Dhabi
Recovered (a)
Bahrain
Recovered (a)
tonnes (sulphur content)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
48 624
40 512
48 612
47 572
* 48 000
47 188
41 606
45 625
58 322
58 343
4 200
3 246
3 045
3 925
3 599
153 600
273 600
127 000
250 000
270 000
122 000
338 000
940 000
133 300
375 000
990 000
121 700
347 000
947 000
130 000
1 504 000
565 000
1 455 000
513 000
1 465 000
542 210
1 312 000
493 169
1 255 000
464 776
69 722
73 470
76 699
73 040
81 449
* 90 000
25 000
* 96 000
22 000
* 96 000
19 000
126 801
20 000
118 487
22 000
262 769
257 000
214 382
516 742
253 000
250 075
657 100
310 500
259 000
676 500
310 500
285 000
526 300
310 500
* 280 000
71 000
5 514 000
703 000
* 50 000
* 71 000
6 406 000
898 700
* 50 000
* 71 000
6 557 000
897 100
* 50 000
* 71 000
6 482 300
919 300
* 50 000
* 71 000
6 091 700
954 200
* 50 000
533 000
* 100 000
547 000
* 100 000
492 000
* 100 000
578 400
* 100 000
539 200
* 100 000
186 100
83 646
3 606 000
179 833
83 947
3 571 000
202 289
92 973
3 577 000
195 032
93 442
3 385 000
189 750
64 587
3 459 000
60 244
185 000
291 000
436 000
30 309
141 000
205 000
505 000
—
174 000
163 000
403 000
—
133 000
124 000
501 000
—
* 130 000
* 120 000
570 000
890 899
6 570 503
979 232
6 492 699
638 000
5 970 000
665 000
5 594 000
699 000
5 666 000
412 000
1 114 028
425 000
991 802
522 900
959 463
555 600
1 010 900
555 600
1 028 800
749 000
8 190 000
79 000
791 000
8 320 000
39 000
720 000
8 230 000
99 000
586 000
8 410 000
69 000
* 650 000
* 8 500 000
50 000
25 110
275 593
143 599
24 803
286 875
143 147
17 744
290 000
170 136
21 746
255 693
222 561
* 20 000
307 200
240 300
1 601 000
1 601 000
1 650 300
1 650 300
1 514 100
7 311
54 367
1 047 000
7 013
59 556
868 000
6 375
58 073
987 000
7 138
63 790
1 059 000
5 969
52 470
999 000
1 760 000
1 800 000
1 875 000
2 200 000
2 510 000
108 439
138 477
125 648
* 140 000
* 160 000
67
Production of sulphur and pyrites
Country
tonnes (sulphur content)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
4 946 000
5 843 000
1 700 000
6 342 900
6 403 900
3 200 000
6 964 300
7 026 100
4 000 000
7 464 300
7 228 700
4 660 000
7 703 600
7 516 300
4 975 000
1 078 000
1 451 000
1 143 800
1 600 000
1 209 100
1 675 000
1 209 100
1 850 000
1 111 100
2 150 000
1 429 000
1 500 000
1 575 000
1 660 000
1 600 000
1 675 000
1 863 596
1 818 600
1 891 875
1 626 500
1 755 329
1 755 600
1 747 246
1 685 700
1 778 963
* 310 000
* 310 000
* 310 000
* 310 000
* 310 000
490 000
2 250 000
522 900
2 350 000
549 000
2 311 000
588 200
2 150 500
604 600
2 452 700
899 000
* 660 000
1 029 400
* 660 000
1 078 400
1 350 000
1 078 400
1 525 000
1 078 400
1 600 000
* 30 000
* 30 000
* 30 000
* 30 000
* 30 000
25 784
26 641
27 645
25 560
20 610
657 954
1 124 210
1 655 937
1 843 982
1 978 862
3 214 000
3 200 000
3 300 000
4 092 000
3 900 000
China
Pyrites
Recovered
Sulphur ore
India
Recovered (b)
Recovered (a)(c)
Iran
Recovered (a)
Japan
Recovered (b)(e)
Recovered (a)
Jordan
Recovered (a)
Kazakhstan
Recovered (b)
Recovered (a)
Korea (Rep. of)
Recovered (b)
Recovered (a)
Oman
Recovered (a)
Pakistan
Recovered (f)
Qatar
Recovered (a)
Saudi Arabia
Recovered (a)
Syria
Recovered (a)
Taiwan
Recovered
Other Asia (d)
40 000
50 000
60 000
20 000
20 000
252 392
2 495 000
231 700
2 530 000
219 975
2 657 000
231 296
2 789 000
192 292
2 719 000
Australasia (d)
1 024 000
1 026 000
1 026 000
975 000
902 000
World total
Pyrites
Frasch
Recovered
Sulphur ore
5 400 000
300 000
63 300 000
1 900 000
6 800 000
500 000
65 900 000
3 400 000
7 500 000
700 000
68 100 000
4 200 000
8 000 000
700 000
69 700 000
4 900 000
8 200 000
500 000
70 300 000
5 200 000
Notes
(1) Other Europe includes: Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy,
Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Turkey, Ukraine and the United Kingdom
(2) Other Africa includes: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Namibia and Zambia
(3) Other North and Central America includes: Aruba, Cuba, Curacao and Trinidad and Tobago
(4) Other South America includes: Argentina, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela
(5) Other Asia includes: Indonesia, Iraq, Israel, Korea (Dem. P.R of), Kuwait, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Uzbekistan
(6) Australasia includes: Australia and New Zealand
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
68
From petroleum refining and/or natural gas
From metal sulphide processing
Other
Sulphur; all forms
Including S content of sulphur ore
Production of talc
Country
Austria
Finland
France
Greece
Italy
Macedonia
Norway
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Slovakia
Spain
Talc
Pyrophyllite
Sweden
Turkey
Talc
Pyrophyllite
United Kingdom
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
111 388
375 302
400 000
* 200
* 110 000
682
23 350
11 567
570
* 150 000
200
138 367
419 345
400 000
* 200
* 110 000
1 292
6 392
11 981
296
* 150 000
7 000
132 018
429 494
400 000
* 200
* 110 000
547
8 191
15 462
131
* 150 000
7 000
134 665
396 332
* 400 000
* 200
* 110 000
286
7 983
15 131
13
* 150 000
2 000
134 814
361 840
* 400 000
* 200
* 110 000
—
8 459
11 348
—
* 150 000
10 000
47 218
—
4 000
51 897
—
4 000
11 957
5 600
3 000
8 857
*—
—
* 8 000
—
—
6 887
140 263
2 861
1 826
192 643
2 633
9 959
115 462
3 708
14 537
85 251
3 667
* 19 000
* 80 000
2 947
72 090
35 474
12 934
21 516
* 21 500
Egypt (a)
Morocco
Talc
Pyrophyllite
South Africa
Talc
Pyrophyllite
Sudan
—
33 442
—
27 066
516
4 613
* 500
* 4 600
* 500
* 4 600
4 718
114 666
1 167
3 150
122 511
—
4 453
121 368
—
4 765
18 734
—
4 924
17 336
*—
Canada
Guatemala
Mexico
USA
44 000
6 355
33 421
511 000
100 000
2 175
870
604 000
147 000
3 273
51 221
616 000
154 000
2 449
463 214
515 000
175 000
3 253
846 813
* 531 000
Argentina (b)
Brazil (b)
Chile
Colombia (b)
Peru
Talc
Pyrophyllite
Uruguay
22 762
442 663
790
—
24 820
412 359
238
—
24 379
443 533
—
—
23 576
459 569
—
—
* 24 000
* 500 000
—
90
13 359
—
1 070
19 767
—
830
28 296
—
54 880
31 559
30 399
370
32 899
31 678
780
64 948
* 2 300 000
26 302
2 000 000
8 562
2 000 000
16 063
* 2 200 000
9 584
* 2 200 000
240 747
876 548
66 383
240 082
902 686
95 767
255 891
998 438
58 987
247 968
971 778
* 60 000
208 454
865 126
* 60 000
* 25 000
* 340 000
* 24 000
* 340 000
* 24 000
* 350 000
* 25 000
* 340 000
* 26 000
* 350 000
5 997
617 411
* 50 000
6 601
13 923
5 729
673 936
* 50 000
5 674
53 991
15 068
510 708
* 50 000
3 556
47 561
21 625
483 133
* 50 000
6 935
55 515
2 808
524 881
* 50 000
5 140
93 214
40
—
24
360
8
659
8
778
10
362
504
124 384
672
2 205
2 304
5 300
5 856
35 000
7 880
* 35 000
* 16 000
* 16 000
* 16 000
* 16 000
* 16 000
Bhutan
China
India
Pyrophyllite (c)
Steatite (c)
Iran (d)
Japan
Talc
Pyrophyllite
Korea (Rep. of)
Talc
Pyrophyllite
Korea, Dem. P.R. of
Nepal (e)
Pakistan (a)
Saudi Arabia
Pyrophyllite
Taiwan
Thailand
Talc
Pyrophyllite
Vietnam
Pyrophyllite
69
Production of talc
Country
Australia (a)
World total
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
* 92 000
* 80 000
* 99 000
* 135 000
* 104 000
7 500 000
7 400 000
7 400 000
7 700 000
8 000 000
Notes
(b) Including talc, agalmatolite and pyrophyllite
(d) Years ended 20 March following that stated
(e) Years ended 15 July of that stated
Production of tantalum and niobium minerals
Country
Russia
Nb content
Ta content
Burundi
Columbite-tantalite
Columbite-tantalite
Ethiopia
Tantalite (a)
Madagascar
Columbite
Mozambique
Tantalite
Nigeria
Tantalite
Columbite
Rwanda
Columbite-tantalite
Canada
Pyrochlore
Tantalite
Brazil
Pyrochlore
Columbite-tantalite
China
Columbite-tantalite
Malaysia
Struverite
Australia
Tantalite
World total concentrates (b)
Nb content
Ta content
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
511
35
397
31
431
27
450
31
511
32
44
67
159
229
3
490
279
383
586
697
206
400
207
* 200
* 200
—
21
8
*8
*8
405
55
139
140
* 150
83
* 300
...
128
...
* 128
...
* 128
...
* 128
952
560
829
* 1 100
* 2 500
* 9 500
88
* 10 100
—
* 10 800
—
* 10 900
—
* 12 200
121
* 276 000
* 250
* 276 000
* 310
* 282 000
* 240
* 268 000
* 210
* 250 000
* 200
* 350
* 350
* 350
* 350
* 350
176
84
110
262
190
* 140
—
* 240
* 100
—
289 000
121 000
900
288 000
121 000
600
296 000
123 000
700
282 000
118 300
900
267 000
111 700
1 100
Notes
(1) Niobium and tantalum minerals are believed to be produced in Namibia, Russia and South Africa
(2) The figures in this table refer to gross tonnage of tantalum and niobium concentrates
(3) Tantalum is also recovered from tin slags and is believed to have accounted for approximately 20% of raw material supplied
(a) Years ended 7 July of that stated
(b) Excluding Russia
70
Production of tellurium metal
tonnes (metric)
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Russia
Sweden
30
—
31
—
31
—
30
7
* 30
24
Canada
USA
16
50
8
50
6
* 50
11
* 50
12
* 50
7
—
—
—
—
* 49
47
47
43
31
Peru
Japan
Note
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Germany is believed to produce tellurium metal
71
Mine production of tin
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Portugal
Russia
Spain
34
126
—
22
143
—
39
75
9
42
249
69
84
* 250
*0
20
8 532
6
1 800
3 154
—
29
9 330
6
1 300
3 970
24
52
10 229
10
1 800
4 508
0
69
10 440
...
* 2 400
* 3 500
0
74
10 175
...
* 2 600
* 3 600
19
19 575
9 500
37 503
20 190
10 400
33 848
20 373
10 725
28 882
19 702
13 667
26 105
19 287
13 800
23 668
* 600
* 128 000
* 84 000
389
2 410
8
166
* 5 400
* 800
129 600
* 84 000
723
2 668
7
291
* 5 400
* 2 100
127 400
* 78 000
434
3 340
42
282
* 5 400
* 2 100
115 900
* 91 000
965
3 725
(b) 54
199
* 5 400
* 9 000
149 000
* 95 000
800
3 697
(b) 60
132
* 5 400
13 268
18 263
14 014
6 158
6 472
314 000
321 000
308 000
302 000
343 000
Burundi
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Uganda
Bolivia
Brazil
Peru (a)
Burma
China
Indonesia
Laos
Malaysia
Mongolia
Thailand
Vietnam
Australia
World total
Notes
(a) Recoverable
(b) Estimate based on reported exports
Smelter production of tin
tonnes (metric)
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Belgium
Russia
8 700
1 429
9 900
1 381
10 000
726
11 400
900
10 300
* 900
Bolivia (a)
Brazil
Peru
14 715
8 311
34 388
15 000
9 098
36 451
14 500
9 382
32 290
14 280
11 955
24 811
14 863
16 100
24 181
China
India (b)
Indonesia
Japan
Malaysia
Thailand
Vietnam
140 400
27
50 859
757
35 443
19 423
2 747
149 000
24
49 810
841
38 771
23 551
3 042
155 500
23
53 428
947
40 281
20 670
3 900
148 100
14
* 50 000
1 133
37 822
19 996
4 800
158 500
23
* 50 000
1 786
32 633
19 088
5 500
World total
317 000
337 000
342 000
325 000
334 000
Notes
(1) Figures relate to both primary and secondary metal
(2) In addition to the countries listed, many countries produce small amounts of secondary metal
(a) Refined, including alloys
72
Production of titanium minerals
Country
Norway
Ilmenite
Russia
Ilmenite
Ukraine
Ilmenite
Rutile
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
671 000
864 000
870 000
830 614
826 126
...
2 500
63 490
125 095
150 458
* 600 000
* 100 000
* 600 000
* 100 000
* 600 000
* 100 000
* 600 000
* 100 000
* 600 000
* 100 000
88 000
11 000
11 000
*—
*—
54 655
69 940
—
*—
*—
160 000
* 3 200
* 273 000
* 5 700
511 000
* 9 400
562 000
* 12 000
562 000
* 14 000
471 524
1 800
678 400
4 700
636 800
6 500
574 500
5 100
720 100
4 000
Egypt
Ilmenite
Gambia
Ilmenite
Madagascar
Ilmenite
Rutile
Mozambique
Ilmenite
Rutile
Sierra Leone
Ilmenite
Rutile
South Africa
Ilmenite (a)
Rutile
15 200
63 860
18 206
68 198
14 576
67 970
21 400
94 490
32 350
120 350
* 1 445 000
134 000
* 1 200 000
135 000
* 1 369 000
133 000
* 1 210 000
* 124 000
* 1 120 000
* 130 000
Canada
Ilmenite (b)(a)
USA
* 2 000 000
* 200 000
* 2 400 000
* 200 000
* 2 500 000
* 300 000
* 2 700 000
* 300 000
* 2 800 000
* 300 000
39 000
3 000
53 928
2 331
68 804
2 350
69 071
1 881
* 70 000
* 2 000
* 900 000
* 1 000 000
* 1 100 000
* 1 100 000
* 1 100 000
713 605
18 573
* 17 000
663 217
26 593
* 17 000
751 163
16 598
* 17 000
* 750 000
* 16 000
* 17 000
* 750 000
* 16 000
* 17 000
120 236
—
—
—
—
15 983
1 502
19 036
7 567
28 782
10 810
22 275
20 008
16 043
5 983
122 424
2 276
52 637
2 568
62 955
1 970
44 707
1 590
42 685
1 406
* 700 000
631
* 881 000
592
* 870 000
...
* 1 164 000
...
* 606 000
...
1 577 000
285 000
137 000
1 339 000
438 000
160 000
1 277 000
474 000
225 000
1 344 000
425 000
228 000
* 1 340 000
* 430 000
* 230 000
9 900 000
600 000
* 5 400 000
10 300 000
800 000
* 5 700 000
11 100 000
800 000
* 6 100 000
11 400 000
800 000
* 6 300 000
11 100 000
800 000
* 6 100 000
Brazil
Ilmenite
Rutile
China
Ilmenite
India
Ilmenite (c)
Rutile (c)
Kazakhstan
Korea (Rep. of)
Ilmenite
Malaysia
Ilmenite
Rutile
Sri Lanka
Ilmenite
Rutile
Vietnam
Ilmenite (d)
Rutile
Australia
Ilmenite
Rutile
Leucoxene
World total
Ilmenite (wt of concs)
Rutile (wt of concs)
All forms (TiO2 content)
73
Production of titanium minerals
Notes
(1) The figures in this table refer to gross tonnage of titanium concentrates
(2) Some ilmenite is converted to synthetic rutile in Australia, India, Japan, Taiwan and USA
(3) In 2013 South Africa produced an estimated 700 000 tonnes of slag (85% TiO2) and Canada produced an estimated 1 200 000 tonnes
of slag (80-95% TiO2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
It is believed that the majority of this is processed into slag
Canada produces some ilmenite which is sold as such and not processed into slag, but tonnages are small
BGS estimates, based on known imports into certain countries
Mine production of tungsten
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Austria
Portugal (a)
Russia
Spain
887
823
5 696
284
975
799
5 588
303
861
818
7 103
425
706
763
7 252
496
850
692
* 7 300
702
106
190
690
7
105
40
630
44
164
23
950
8
* 165
37
1 105
34
* 165
31
* 1 800
57
Canada
2 501
364
2 368
2 505
2 762
Bolivia
Brazil (b)
Peru
1 023
192
634
1 203
166
716
1 418
244
546
1 573
381
365
1 580
* 380
35
87
49 432
* 200
* 100
27
274
* 300
163
51 287
* 200
* 100
13
481
* 300
* 140
61 802
* 200
* 100
13
229
* 300
* 130
64 000
* 200
* 100
42
107
* 300
* 140
* 60 000
* 100
* 100
—
203
* 300
17
11
40
22
42
63 500
63 500
77 800
80 300
77 200
Burundi
Rwanda
Uganda
Burma (c)
China
Korea, Dem. P.R. of
Kyrgyzstan
Mongolia
Thailand (a)
Uzbekistan
Australia (d)(e)
World total
Notes
(1) In addition to the countries listed, the USA is known to produce tungsten
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
74
Wolframite and scheelite
Mainly scheelite
Including tungsten content of tin-wolframite concentrates
Scheelite
Mine production of uranium
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Czech Republic
Germany
Romania
Russia
Ukraine
286
—
* 75
3 565
840
259
*8
* 77
3 563
850
252
52
* 77
2 993
890
222
50
* 90
2 862
960
232
27
* 77
3 135
922
Malawi
Namibia
Niger
South Africa
90
4 631
3 241
533
671
4 500
4 198
579
785
3 262
4 159
556
1 102
4 500
4 821
467
1 133
4 328
4 237
531
10 176
1 428
9 518
1 628
9 145
1 537
8 998
1 596
9 331
1 794
345
148
265
231
198
* 750
* 290
13 900
* 50
2 429
* 827
* 400
17 803
* 45
2 400
* 1 500
* 400
19 451
* 45
3 000
* 1 500
* 385
21 317
* 45
3 000
* 1 500
* 400
22 574
* 45
2 400
7 942
5 971
5 961
7 022
6 432
50 600
59 700
53 400
63 000
54 300
64 100
59 200
69 800
59 300
70 000
Canada
USA
Brazil
China
India
Kazakhstan
Pakistan
Uzbekistan
Australia
World total
World total (U3O8 equivalent)
Note
(1) Excluding uranium production from decommissioning operations
Mine production of vanadium
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Russia
13 106
12 293
12 860
14 856
14 402
South Africa
14 353
22 606
21 652
19 500
* 14 000
230
1 060
590
272
*—
* 29 000
* 1 000
* 32 000
* 1 000
* 36 000
* 1 000
* 39 000
* 1 000
* 40 000
* 1 000
58 000
69 000
72 000
75 000
69 000
USA
China
Kazakhstan
World total
Notes
(1) This table includes vanadium in slag products but excludes vanadium recovered as a by-product of the refining and burning of heavy
oils
75
Production of vermiculite
Country
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Russia
* 30 000
* 30 000
* 30 000
* 30 000
* 30 000
Egypt
Kenya
South Africa
Uganda
Zimbabwe
4 650
315
193 334
—
3 211
—
395
199 285
1 121
—
2 865
515
170 571
6 882
—
2 093
457
132 886
4 165
—
* 2 000
* 450
127 658
243
*—
291
* 110 000
98
* 100 000
241
* 100 000
500
* 100 000
425
* 100 000
2 150
50 438
2 500
49 976
1 000
54 970
* 320
51 986
...
* 50 000
* 12 000
11 662
* 6 000
* 15 000
19 234
* 6 000
* 15 000
10 194
* 6 200
* 15 000
7 947
* 6 200
* 50 000
10 176
* 6 200
6 548
7 922
8 297
9 256
9 091
Mexico
USA (a)
Argentina
Brazil
China
India (b)
Japan
Australia (c)
Notes
(1) In addition to the countries listed Malawi is believed to produce vermiculite
(a) Sold or used by producers
Production of wollastonite
tonnes (metric)
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Finland
Spain
9 200
7 000
12 100
6 000
11 500
7 417
* 11 500
10 918
* 12 000
16 738
Mexico
USA
29 728
* 65 000
46 548
* 67 000
47 523
* 70 000
55 204
* 70 000
57 302
* 70 000
* 650 000
132 385
710 000
183 381
745 000
184 445
* 750 000
145 667
* 750 000
192 642
China
India (a)
Notes
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Turkey is believed to produce wollastonite
76
Mine production of zinc
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Armenia
Bulgaria (a)
Finland
Greece
Kosovo
Macedonia
Montenegro
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Slovakia
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
3 564
3 425
9 339
30 233
17 800
385 700
2 500
38 648
—
115 500
501
* 3 000
214 000
2 700
54
5 900
192 502
135 800
7 468
5 514
9 904
55 562
18 400
342 500
4 100
32 872
500
107 700
6 422
* 7 700
235 000
2 600
82
17 323
198 687
195 500
8 106
6 862
10 977
64 115
21 200
344 000
2 872
28 132
3 300
87 200
4 227
* 8 800
243 000
3 100
103
33 197
194 021
158 057
8 431
7 600
12 116
52 200
20 800
337 500
3 818
28 037
4 600
76 700
30 006
* 8 400
227 000
6 000
134
28 634
188 325
195 793
8 294
9 000
13 902
40 290
22 500
326 700
4 983
30 907
4 600
75 200
53 382
* 2 000
209 000
5 800
...
24 975
176 582
* 200 000
Burkina Faso
Morocco
Namibia
Nigeria
South Africa
Tunisia
—
9 848
44 800
198 000
1 400
28 200
200
—
4 612
43 680
204 200
200
36 142
200
—
7 379
45 065
192 500
3 100
36 629
600
—
* 5 300
47 600
193 600
13 800
37 034
7 400
35 640
* 6 200
44 200
187 500
7 000
30 145
7 700
Canada
Guatemala
Honduras
Mexico
USA
699 145
—
36 370
489 766
736 000
649 065
—
33 839
570 004
748 000
622 600
6 800
26 000
631 859
769 000
641 134
3 300
26 000
660 349
738 000
426 089
1 000
25 000
642 542
777 000
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Peru
31 869
430 879
172 688
27 801
1 512 931
32 600
411 409
211 203
27 662
1 470 450
38 000
427 129
197 840
36 602
1 256 383
42 000
389 911
164 258
26 762
1 281 282
47 650
407 332
152 414
29 759
1 351 273
Burma
China
India (b)
Iran
Kazakhstan
Korea (Rep. of)
Korea, Dem. P.R. of
Laos
Mongolia
Pakistan (c)
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Tajikistan
Thailand
Vietnam
* 5 400
3 324 400
677 824
115 000
458 400
2 221
* 29 000
760
70 750
1 000
10 035
4 952
—
27 493
* 38 000
* 8 600
3 842 200
729 886
128 000
465 300
355
* 38 000
1 140
56 300
10 000
9 268
4 879
—
21 971
* 36 000
* 9 200
4 050 000
725 776
138 000
436 700
743
* 34 000
1 642
52 350
11 123
18 170
4 934
9 000
22 259
* 34 000
* 8 000
4 859 100
767 140
140 000
429 700
1 434
* 35 000
883
59 550
10 024
19 559
* 15 000
29 900
24 996
* 25 000
* 4 800
5 100 000
766 051
134 000
421 100
1 749
* 36 000
* 1 000
52 050
* 600
16 730
* 18 000
24 400
25 887
* 22 000
Australia
1 234 000
1 480 000
1 515 000
1 542 000
1 523 000
11 600 000
12 500 000
12 600 000
13 500 000
13 500 000
World total
Notes
77
Production of slab zinc
Country
tonnes (metric)
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Belgium
Bulgaria
Finland
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Romania
Russia
Spain
Ukraine
137 000
92 700
295 049
161 000
153 000
103 400
224 000
138 973
139 100
1 000
208 000
515 000
8 800
260 000
93 800
307 144
163 000
165 000
104 700
264 000
148 862
135 000
—
241 000
517 100
7 600
282 000
88 400
307 352
164 000
170 000
110 200
261 000
153 200
144 100
—
252 000
527 100
6 600
250 000
73 100
314 742
161 000
169 000
97 200
257 000
152 647
138 300
—
257 000
528 300
7 000
252 000
* 72 000
311 686
152 000
162 000
111 000
275 000
143 444
146 300
—
244 000
* 530 000
3 900
Algeria
Namibia
South Africa
28 000
153 815
87 000
31 000
151 688
90 000
15 611
145 639
73 000
8 090
145 342
—
* 8 000
124 924
—
Canada
Mexico
USA
685 504
335 400
203 000
691 222
327 700
249 000
662 151
322 100
248 000
648 614
323 600
261 000
651 634
322 700
233 000
Argentina
Brazil
Peru
35 600
242 136
149 494
42 700
288 107
223 112
43 500
284 770
313 714
37 500
246 526
319 280
37 900
242 000
346 400
4 286 300
636 000
115 000
540 604
327 873
722 000
* 26 000
104 695
19 000
* 17 000
5 208 900
746 000
120 000
574 008
318 858
750 000
* 36 000
95 219
50 000
* 16 000
5 212 200
780 000
132 000
544 674
319 847
828 735
* 30 000
98 370
65 000
* 18 000
4 881 200
715 000
148 000
571 312
319 847
881 100
* 32 000
101 263
62 000
* 18 000
5 302 200
788 000
140 000
587 291
319 897
1 044 300
* 32 000
76 576
* 55 000
* 18 000
525 000
498 000
507 000
498 000
498 000
11 400 000
12 900 000
13 100 000
12 600 000
13 200 000
China
India
Iran
Japan
Kazakhstan
Korea (Rep. of)
Korea, Dem. P.R. of
Thailand
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
Australia
World total
78
Production of zirconium minerals
tonnes (metric)
Country
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Russia
Ukraine
8 249
* 35 000
9 308
* 35 000
8 914
* 35 000
(a)* 9 000
* 35 000
(a)* 6 900
* 35 000
Madagascar
Mozambique
Sierra Leone
South Africa
(b)* 3 300
21 100
5 560
392 000
(b)* 9 600
37 100
7 092
381 000
18 600
43 600
8 350
383 000
22 500
46 900
610
* 468 000
22 500
31 400
2 950
* 292 000
USA
* 100 000
* 110 000
* 115 000
* 115 000
* 115 000
Brazil (a)
34 248
23 235
23 283
20 425
* 20 000
China
India (c)
Indonesia
Malaysia
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
* 31 500
28 049
* 63 000
1 145
10 267
19 368
* 33 500
33 209
* 50 000
1 267
9 200
23 730
* 33 500
25 996
* 127 000
1 685
641
24 020
* 33 500
* 26 000
* 109 000
442
...
* 21 000
* 33 500
* 26 000
* 49 000
379
...
* 7 000
Australia
400 000
549 000
762 000
605 000
* 610 000
1 153 000
1 312 000
1 611 000
1 512 000
1 252 000
World total
Notes
(1) In this table the term 'zirconium minerals' is understood to mean zircon, unless otherwise stated
(a) Including caldasite rock containing zircon and baddeleyite
(b) Conservative BGS estimates, based on exports
(c) Years ending 31 March following that stated
79
Price £30

World Mineral Production 2009-2013

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