Aircraft Preliminary Sizing Tools @ Aero SAS → OPerA → PreSTo

Transcription

AERO – AIRCRAFT DESIGN AND SYSTEMS GROUP
Aircraft Preliminary Sizing Tools @ Aero
SAS → OPerA → PreSTo → further Tool Chain
Dieter Scholz
Aircraft Preliminary Sizing Tool
Hamburg University of Applied Sciences
Optimization in Preliminary
Aircraft Design
Simple Aircraft Sizing
Contents
Aircraft Design Lecture
Goals
SAS - Simple Aircraft Sizing
OPerA - Optimization in Preliminary Aircraft Design
PreSTo – Aircraft Preliminary Sizing Tool
–
–
Screen Shots
Data Export / Visualization (CEASIOM, Catia, PrADO, CPACS)
Further Processing in a Tool Chain
PreSTo Homepage / Downloads
Conclusions and Outlook
Dieter Scholz
Aircraft Preliminay Sizing Tools @ Aero
Kollaboration im Flugzeugentwurf
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 2
Aero - Aircraft Design and Systems Group
1. Requirements
General remarks
2. Comparative Studies
3. Aircraft Configuration
Lecture is based on methods from:
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–
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Loftin, Torenbeek, Roskam, Raymer, …
Datcom, …
many own additions
16 design steps (see Fig.)
Emphasis on preliminary sizing with matching chart:
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–
Jet:
Prop:
T/W = f (m/S)
P/W = f (m/S)
4. Propulsion System
5. Preliminary Sizing
6. Cabin and Fuselage
7. Wing, Aileron, Spoiler
8. High Lift System
9. Empennage, Elevator, Rudder
Lecture in this format since 1998:
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More than 1000 students taught
many student reports and theses produced
Spreadsheet for preliminary sizing is in service for
many years: http://FE.ProfScholz.de
Preliminary sizing spreadsheet has been used for:
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tutorials, examinations
projects, theses
10. Mass & Center of Gravity
11. Stability & Control
12. Landing Gear
13. Polar, L/D, Take-Off Mass
14. Aircraft Performance
15. Operating Costs / DOC
16. Three-View Drawing
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 3
Contents
Preliminary sizing
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Matching chart
(L/D)max estimation with „wetted aspect ratio“
Fuel calculation with fuel fractions
Cabin & fuselage
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Seats abreast optimum
Baggage and cargo volume check
Cross section optimization
Cabin surface estimation
Ditching check: waterline & door sill
Exit type and location: check
Wing
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Wing parameters found for best operational characteristics
High Lift
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High lift geometry found from trial & error procedure
C_Lmax found from Datcom
Empennage I
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Sizing from tail volume
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 4
Natural stability limit (linear)
Mass and CG
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Mass from three methods
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•
•
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Roskam (OEW distributed about A/C main components)
„Modified Raymer“ (mass from one key parameter)
Torenbeek (well proven)
CG determination and wing position correction
Loading diagramm (mass versus CG position) for all
sensible load cases established
0,3
SH/SW
0,2
Horizontal tail
Vertical tail
0,1
tip over stability
clearance (engine, tail, L/G retraction)
Flotation with COMFAA.exe
0
-0,4
Drag
–
Minimum stability (polynomic al)
0,4
Landing gear (parameters selected)
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CG range (Dxpayload)
Natural stability (polynomic al)
Empennage II (stability & control power)
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Minimum stability (linear)
0,5
Control limit
-0,2
•
•
0,4
13%
wetted area
skin friction drag, pressure drag
wave drag, interference drag
De pre cia ti on
11%
41%
1%
Design evaluation:
Direct Operating Coast, DOC
Intere s t
Ins urance
Fue l
10%
Mainte nance
Crew
Method: Asssociation of European Airline
Dieter Scholz
0,2
xCG-AC/cMAC
Direct Operating Costs
Drag from two methods:
0
10%
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
14%
Fee s a nd charges
15.03.2012, Page 5
0,6
Goals
•
Give full computer support for the Aircraft Design lecture by Prof. Scholz / Hamburg
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Start tool with nothing but requirements
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Never ask the user for data without giving proper support
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Provide straight forward and fast solutions ( => PreSTo )
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Give the best support (didactics, methods, statistics database, …)
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Keep user in the loop
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Include expert knowledge in simple „if-then“ checks and provide answers with
red / green buttons
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Provide simple, traceable optimization capabilities at different expert levels
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Provide aircraft data for 3D-plots and three-view-drawings
•
Couple to higher order tools for further investigation
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 6
SAS – Simple Aircraft Sizing
For Jets and CS-25:
SAS Classic: The tool used for more than a decade with more than 1000 students.
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Requirements: Payload, Range, Take-Off & Landing Field Length, Mach Number.
Key Parameters: Glide Ratio, SFC, BPR, max. Lift Coefficients, mass ratios, …
SAS Matching: By automatically adjusting the ratio V/Vmd , the location of the cruise line
is optimized in the matching chart.
SAS Optimization: An evolutionary optimization algorithm is fitted to SAS Matching.
For Jets / Props and other Certification Base:
SAS Jet – CS-23
SAS Prop – CS-25
SAS Prop – CS-23
SAS VLA
SAS Ultra Light
…
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 7
OPerA – Optimization in Preliminary Aircraft Design
The Aircraft Modeled in Excel:
Automatic Design: Cabin Design, Wing,
Empennage, Landing Gear, …
Mass Estimation, Drag Estimation
SFC estimation
DOC Calculation with Added Values
Optimization
1. Optimus® and Excel connected via Add-In
2. Optimization directly in Excel with VBA:
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DOE Diagonal
Differential Evolution (DE)
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 8
Optimus® and Excel connected via Add-In
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 9
Program Structure
15 iteration loops
20 optimization variables
about 230 input
variables
about 150 geometry
parameters
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 10
Optimus ®
Example of an active workflow window in Optimus 
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 11
PreSTo – Aircraft Preliminary Sizing Tool
Screen Shots
PreSTo Control Center and Database
PreSTo Control Center – Start page
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 12
PreSTo - Aircraft Preliminary Sizing Tool
Screen Shots
PreSTo Control Center – Module page
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 13
Screen Shots
PreSTo Control Center – License page
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 14
Screen Shots
PreSTo Control Center – Database
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 15
Screen Shots
Preliminary Sizing
User open und close
Chapters with + / - sign
Preliminary Sizing – Start page
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 16
Screen Shots
Preliminary Sizing
User may select data
based on statistics
User may select data
based on pop up hints
Preliminary Sizing – General statistics
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 17
Screen Shots
Preliminary Sizing
Buttons starts statistics database
Emax = k E
A
S wet / SW
White:
Gray:
Dieter Scholz
User input data
System calculated data
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 18
Screen Shots
Cabin & Fuselage
Dieter Scholz
User input and results are checked.
Green means „ok“
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 19
Change this …
Screen Shots
Cabin & Fuselage
… to minimize this:
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 20
Screen Shots
Cabin & Fuselage
Alternative seat arrangement:
Seat rail
Container
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 21
Screen Shots
Cabin & Fuselage
Seat layout
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 22
Screen Shots
Cabin & Fuselage
Seat layout comparison:
Airbus original and PreSTo
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 23
Screen Shots
Wing
Design point
User support with experience from industry and academia presented with respect to
current design
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 24
Screen Shots
Wing
Preview of wing parameters
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 25
Screen Shots
High Lift
Final statement in
high lift preliminary design
Preview of high lift
parameters
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 26
Screen Shots
High Lift
Display of calculated Datcom data
and
Automatic readout of parameters
with respect of actual design point
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 27
Screen Shots
Tailplane I
Preview of tail parameters
Horizontal stabilizer
Dieter Scholz
Fin
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 28
Screen Shots
Tailplane I
Showing design parameters with respect to established practise
Design point
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 29
Screen Shots
Tailplane II
Required CG range
Horizontal tailplane sizing diagram
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 30
Screen Shots
Landing Gear
Engine ground clearance due to landing gear length
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 31
Screen Shots
Landing Gear
Calculating sill height – an important parameter for airport compatability
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 32
Screen Shots
Landing Gear
Calculation of ACN values
Aircraft
Classification
Number
COMFAA is integrated into
PreSTo:
o automatic input of data
o COMFAA results stored in
PreSTo
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 33
Data Export / Visualization
CEASIOM
FD 728 from PreSTo in
ACBuilder from CEASIOM
ATR 72 from PreSTo in
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 34
CEASIOM
Dieter Scholz
FD 728 from PreSTo in
shown in the style of a
three-view drawing
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 35
CEASIOM
ATR 72 from PreSTo in
SUMO from CEASIOM
ATR 72 from PreSTo
with surface and volume mesh generated by
SUMO from CEASIOM
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 36
Catia
ATR 72 from PreSTo in Catia
built with parametric model
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 37
Catia
FD 728 from PreSTo in Catia
built with parametric model
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 38
Catia
FD 728 from PreSTo in Catia
automatically generated three-view drawing
derived from parametric model
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 39
PrADO (Preliminary Aircraft Design and Optimization)
ATR 72 - Jet from PreSTo in PrADO
This is not done automatically done!
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 40
CPACS (Common Parametric Aircraft Configuration Schema)
ATR 72 - Jet from PreSTo in PrADO
This is not done automatically done!
…
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 41
Further Tool Chain
Tornado
Computerised Environment for Aircraft Synthesis and Integrated Optimisation Methods
USAF Digital DATCOM
JSBSim
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 42
Further Tool Chain
D-SIM-42
Diamond DA - 42
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 43
Aircraft Preliminary Sizing Tool @ Aero
PreSTo Homepage / Download
http://PreSTo.ProfScholz.de
Download PreSTo-Cabin
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 44
Conclusions and Outlook
SAS, OPerA and PreSTo support manual basic aircraft design and optimization
Interfaces are provided to higher order tools
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CEASIOM
PrADO
Visualization of the aircraft is done with outside tools:
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CEASIOM
• ACBuilder
• SUMO
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Catia
Next steps:
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Finish SAS, OPerA and PreSTo
http://SAS.ProfScholz.de
Offer for donwload:
Further research based on „ Aircraft Preliminary Sizing Tools @ Aero” :
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Boxwing Aircraft
„Smart Turboprop“
Braced Wing Aircraft
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 45
Contact
info@ProfScholz.de
http://SAS.ProfScholz.de
http://OPerA.ProfScholz.de
Dieter Scholz
DLR, Hamburg, 15.-16.03.2012
15.03.2012, Page 46

Aircraft Preliminary Sizing Tools @ Aero SAS → OPerA → PreSTo

Transcription

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