Dr. Dirk Schwede - Future Megacities

Transcription

Energy Efficient Architecture and Building
Services for the Tropical Climate in
Ho-Chi-Minh-City
Dirk Schwede (PhD USyd AUS)
Robert-Bosch-Juniorprofessor „Nachhaltiges Bauen“
ILEK
Universität Stuttgart
Institut für Leichtbau Entwerfen und Konstruieren
FutureMegaCities
Abschlußkonferenz in Hamburg
15. Mai 2013
Pfaffenwaldring 14
70569 Stuttgart
T +49(0)711 685 67643
http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/ilek
dirk.schwede@ilek.uni-stuttgart.de
Ecological Footprint and Biological Capacity
Germany, China, Vietnam
GERMANY
CHINA
VIETNAM
trend
ecological
footprint
trend
trend
biological
capacity
source: The Ecological Footprint Atlas 2010, Global Footprint Network
15.5.2013
FutureMegaCities - Hamburg
Seite 2
ILEK Nachhaltiges Bauen
Ecological Footprint and Biological Capacity
Germany, China, Vietnam
ecological
footprint
Trend
CHINA
VIETNAM
trend
biological
capacity
trend
Quelle: The Ecological Footprint Atlas 2010, Global Footprint Network
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Ecological Footprint and Development
population numbers
high development in
ecological contraints
Datenquelle: The Ecological Footprint Atlas 2010, Global Footprint Network; The Ecological Wealth of Nations, 2010, The Global Footprint Network
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urbanization - Vietnam
urban
suburb
- Ho Chi Minh -City
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FutureMegaCities
Hamburg
Seite 5
urbanization - Vietnam
Germany
83 mil. people
89% urban
+0.17% per year
rural population is
decreasing
Vietnam
86 mil. people
29% urban
+0.51% per year
urban suburb - Ho Chi Minh City
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The social dimension of climate change:
New urban middle classes as target group for sustainable urban development
Development of income of the urban middle class
in Vietnam (HN, HCMC, HP, DN, CT)
2008
37
2006
21
2003
24
36
12
7
9
55
14
2001
1999
55
50
32
56
31
0%
20%
Income class AB
(A=US$1,000+; B=US$1,000-501)
62
40%
60%
Income class CD
80%
Income class EF
100%
C =US$500-351; D=US$350-251 E=US$250-151; F=US$150 below
Source: TNS 2009; VietCycle Population – 15-45 yrs., n=1000
the new urban middle class is rapidly increasing
Dr. Michael Waibel
www.michael-waibel.de
building energydemand in Asia and Europe
today‘s building
standard
„High-Carbon“
future building
standard
„Net-PlusEnergy“
Germany
reduction of the energy demand
today‘s building
standard
„Low-Carbon“
future building
standard
(under construction today)
„Extreme-Carbon“
Asia
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increase of the building standard
Seite 8
building type in relation to ownership
…computers
…A/C
Small Alley House
n=103
Shophouse
n=203
Apartment /
Condominium
n=51
Detached Villa
n=52
All
n=409
0%
20%
40% 60% 80% 100% 0%
Yes
20%
40% 60% 80% 100%
No
Source: Waibel/TNS 2009
not all buildings use mechanical cooling
Dr. Michael Waibel
operation of cooling in the rooms
bed room
n=248
living room
n=83
kitchen
n=14
0%
20%
40%
60%
Less than 2 hours
2-4 hours
4-6 hours
6-8 hours
10-12 hours
> 12 hours
80%
100%
occupants use cooling to the demand
Dr. Michael Waibel
How do you reach comfort in your home
…multiple answers, absolute numbers
natural ventilation
opening of windows and doors
181
mechanical cooling
129
air draft by fans
113
change of location
in the house
60
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Comfort seaking behavior does not only rely on A/C
Dr. Michael Waibel
adaptive opportunities
air movement
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clothing
activity
Seite 12
cooling load profile in HCMC climate
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natural ventilation and mechanical cooling
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
free air path to allow natural ventilation
operable windows
air draft induced by fans
closed zones with mechanical cooling
separate air path in zones with loads
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design for mechanical conditioning
mechanical conditioning and natural ventilation concepts
(a) traditional ventilation and conditioning concept
(b) mechanical ventilation and conditioning concept
(c) retrofit of mechanical conditioning in traditional concepts
(d) hybrid building concept
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energy demand of energy-saving appliances
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Handbook for Green Housing
Megacity Research Projekt TP. Ho Chi Minh
Integrative Urban and Environmental Planning
Framework – Adaptation to Climate Change
Research for Sustainable Development of the Megacities of Tomorrow –
Energy- and Climateefficient structures and urban growth centres
In colaboration with:
Dr. Michael Waibel, Sozialgeograph, Universität Hamburg
Christoph Hesse, Architekt, TU Darmstadt
Dr. Dirk Schwede, energydesign (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.
Universität Cottbus
Universität Kassel
local partners:
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carbon reduction by simple measures
1ha urban quarter, 150 typical tube houses
baseline 344 toCO2/a
efficient
airconditioning
current power consumption
-50 toCO2/a
21.300 liter gasoline
efficient lighting
-29 toCO2/a
solar water heater
-73 toCO2/a
10m2 PV-System
-117 toCO2/a
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localized certification schemes for sustainable building
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LOTUS Vietnam
for non-residential buildings – Vietnam Green Building Council (VGBC)
Energy
Health & Comfort
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Passive Design
Total Building Energy Use
Building Envelope
Natural Ventilation
HVAC
Artificial Lighting
Hot Water
Energy Monitoring
Renewable Energy
Indoor Smoking
Indoor Air Quality
CO2 Monitoring
Hazardous Materials
Daylighting
Visual Comfort
External Views
Individual Termal Control
Thermal Comfort
Water
Adaptation & Mitigation
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Water Efficient Fixtures
Water Recycling / Reuse
Rainwater Harvesting
Water Efficient Landscaping
Water Monitoring
Materials
•
•
•
•
•
Material Reuse
Materials with Recycled Content
Rapidly Renewable Materials
Timber
Non-baked Materials
Ecology
•
•
•
•
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•
Environment
Topsoil Preservation
Biodiversity
Site Selection
Vegetation
Green Roof
Waste & Pollution
•
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Sewer Discharge Reduction
A/C System Refrigerants
Demolition and Construction Waste
Dedicated Recycling Storage Area
Light Pollution Minimasation
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Flood Resistance
Strom Water Runoff
Disaster Resilience
Heat Island Effect
Collective Transport
Bicyle Friendly
Local Materials
Community
•
•
•
•
•
•
Public Consultation
Heritage Conservation
Community Connectivity
Public Space
Local Jobs
Access for People with Disabilities
Management
•
•
•
•
•
Design Stage
Construction Stage
Commissioning (Cx)
Maintenance
Green Management
Innovation
• Exceptional Performance Enhancement
• Innovative Techniques/Initiatives
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conclusion
the change towards a more energy-intensive life-style and
living standard will outbalance all efforts to reduce
CO2 emissions in Vietnam
 a new (and old) understanding of how to use buildings is needed
 modern concepts (adapted from the traditional ways) need to be found
 renewable energy and low carbon energy supply is needed
 redirection of life-style changes and consumption behaviour
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Seite 26
Vielen Dank!
thank you!
Dirk Schwede (PhD USyd AUS)
Robert-Bosch-Juniorprofessor „Nachhaltiges Bauen“
ILEK
Universität Stuttgart
Institut für Leichtbau Entwerfen und Konstruieren
FutureMegaCities
Abschlußkonferenz in Hamburg
15. Mai 2013
Pfaffenwaldring 14
70569 Stuttgart
T +49(0)711 685 67643
http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/ilek
dirk.schwede@ilek.uni-stuttgart.de

Dr. Dirk Schwede - Future Megacities

Transcription

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