Presentation of the LIFE+ The Green Deserts in IUFRO

Transcription

19/11/2012
Green Deserts: novel afforestation technologies in semiarid environments. IUFRO 2012
. IUFRO 2012
Garrido‐‐Laurnaga
Garrido
Laurnaga, F; Hernández
, F; Hernández‐‐Navarro, S; Marcos
Navarro, S; Marcos‐‐Robles, J.L; Ortiz
Robles, J.L; Ortiz‐‐Sanz, L; Clérigo
Sanz, L; Clérigo‐‐Pérez, Z; GREEN DESERTS: NOVEL AFFORESTATION TECHNOLOGIES IN SEMIARID ENVIRONMENTS
Garrido Laurnaga, F
Garrido Laurnaga
, F
Hernández Navarro, S
Marcos Robles, J.L
Ortiz Sanz, L
Clérigo Pérez, ZZ
Clérigo Pérez, E.T.S. Ingenierías Agrarias. Palencia Universidad de Valladolid
Spain
. IUFRO 2012
Garrido
, F; Hernández‐‐Navarro, S; Marcos‐
Navarro, S; Marcos‐Robles, J.L; Ortiz
Sanz, L; Clérigo‐‐Pérez, Z; LIFE+ Programme
The Green Deserts project
Presentation
LIFE 09/ENV/ES/000447
Duration: IX/2010 – VIII/2015
www.thegreendesserts.com
Partners:
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Sanz, L; Clérigo‐‐Pérez, Z; The Green Deserts project
Objetives
1) To demonstrate the technical and economic feasibility of implementing “Waterboxx” (an innovative technology for sowing and tree planting in semiarid areas)
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Objetives
2) To control and obtain experimental data to analyze the survival success rate of planted trees
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Introduction
The risk of desertification in the world is very important and is clearly moving forward
About 25% of the
surface of the earth, earth,
3.600 millon hectareas, are deserted
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Introduction
The forecast water shortages in Europe will seriously affect the Iberian peninsula
In this map the severe water
In this map the severe water shortage expected by 2070 is highlighted in red and the mean in orange
Henrichs and Alcamo, 2001
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Introduction
In Spain the areas with a higher risk of desertification are:
Castilla y Leon
Mediterranean Area
Mediterranean Area
º
Canary Islands
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•
•
•
•
High temperatures
High
temperatures
Poor soils
High irradiation and evaporation Low rainfall
Introduction
The environmental The
environmental
conditions in Spain:
Affect
Restoration projects in Spain have limited their success due to high replacement costs
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Introduction
The plant needs to recover from the stress suffered during its handling…
Burdett (1990) and to establish contact between its roots and the soil .
(Burdett, 1990)
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Introduction
Positive correlation between the duration of the dry period during the planting year and the failure percentage
(Allonza & Vallejo, 1999)
Water stress is one of the main factors tthat limit the establishment of seedlings in at
t t e estab s e t o seed gs
Mediterranean regions
(Di Castri et al, 1981)
Actions carried out in semi‐arid regions should try to provide moisture to the root of the plant in order to survive to the first summer
(Burdett, 1990)
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Introduction
plant protectors
Different methodologies: i
i i t
micro‐irrigators
paddings
hydrogels (Hütterman et al, 1999)
Irrigation bottles
Irrigation bottles
Adequate preparation of the ground by means of micro‐basins or oasification (Martinez de Azagra & Mongil, 2001)
http://www.ecobagindustries.co
(http://www.treegator.com/)
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Introduction
plant protectors
Different methodologies: micro‐irrigators
i
i i t
paddings
hydrogels (Hütterman et al, 1999
Irrigation bottles
Irrigation bottles
Adequate preparation of the ground by means of micro‐basins or oasification (Martinez de Azagra & Mongil, 2001)
However, afforestation failure rate remains
VERY HIGH
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Introduction
It i
t
t bli h
h li
It is necessary to establish research lines aiming at assessing new economic and environmental techniques capable of ensuring the seedlings establishment in high degraded regions
In this project we propose an innovative planting technique
WATERBOXX
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Material and Methods
The Waterboxx is a polypropylene box, which captures water from air through night dew and rain A wick goes into the ground beneath the box
The container has a small central hole for the seed or seedling
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3 types of Waterboxx have been tried out:
250WB Standard o GREEN: GREEN WATERBOXX without addition of the substance ECOPURE
240WB Bio
240WB
Bio 0,8 o YELLOW:
0 8 o YELLOW: YELLOW YELLOW
WATERBOXX with an addition of the
0,8% of the substance ECOPURE
210WB Bio 1,2 o YELLOW BIO II:
YELLOW WATERBOXX with an
addition of the 1,2% of the substance
ECOPURE
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• 55,000 saplings
• 65 hectares
• 5 areas • León (Estación Esquí San Isidro)
• Valladolid
Valladolid (Matallana
(Matallana ‐ Tierra de Tierra de
Campos)
• Zamora (Riofrío de Aliste)
• Zaragoza (San Mateo de Gállego ‐
Los Monegros)
• Barcelona (Sant Boi de Llobregat)
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Leon (Estación de esquí de San Isidro) • High mountains, rocky and steep
• High rain and snow in winter
• Dry summers
PRECIPITACIONES
TEMPERATURAS
200 25
180
20
160
140 15
Temperaturas
Mens uales
Temperatura Media
G rados ºC
120
10
P rec ipitac iones
100
Temperatura Máx ima
80
Temperatura Mínima
5
Altitude 1.600 m ‐ 1.800m
Slope >>= 39,6 %
39 6 %
60
0
40
EN
FB
MZ
AB
MY
JN
JL
AG
JN
JL
SP
OC
NV
DC
We have planted 5,000 shrubs (birch, holly tree, rowan and two pine varieties) in 25 acres
20 ‐5
0
‐10E N
FB
MZ
AB
MY
AG
SP
OC
NV
DC
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Matallana in Valladolid
• Basic and clayey soil • Dry summers and cold winters
Temperaturas
35
30
G ra d o ºC
25
20
Temperaturas
Mens uales
Temperatura Media
15
Temperatura Máxima
Temperatura Mínima
Altitude is about 800m Deforestated hills
10
5
0
‐5
EN
FB
MZ
AB
MY
JN
JL
AG
SP
OC
NV
DC
It s suitable for accommodating several varieties of pine, rowan, broom and pistachio
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Riofrío de Aliste, in Zamora
•
•
•
•
•
TEMPERATURAS
35
30
20
Temperaturas
Mens uales
Temperatura Media
15
Temperatura Máxima
Altitude is 900m
Temeperatura Mínima
10
Productive plant species such as chestnut, cherry tree and conifers, Turkey oak, holm oak and pine were selected
5
0
EN
FB
MZ
AB
MY
JN
JL
AG
SP
OC
NV
DC
‐5
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San Mateo de Gallego
San Mateo de Gallego,
in the Monegros region
PRECIPITACIONES
TEMPERATURAS
35
45
40
35
30
25
Temperaturas
Mens uales
Temperatura media
30
G rados ºC
G ra d o s ºC
25
Acid soil
High altitude
High rainfall in winter
Strong winds through the year
In gravel pits
25
20
20
P rec ipitaciones
Temperatura Máx
ima
15
Temperatura Mínima
15
10
5
• High degraded soil: acid, with limestone
• Undergoing a desertification process Altitude is about 300 m
10
5
0
EN
0
FB
MZ
AB
MY
JN
E N F B MZ A B MY J N J L
JL
AG
SP
OC
A G S P OC NV DC
NV
DC
Various species of pine and Mediterranean hackberry have been planted
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in Barcelona
Sant Boi in Barcelona
35
45
30
40
35
25
Temperaturas
Mens uales
Temperatura media
20
G rados ºC
30
25
The soil is very stony
Faced to the south
The area was burnt in 2010
The water retention capacity is
very low
• Very steep hill
•
•
•
•
PRECIPITACIONES
TEMPERATURAS
20
P rec ipitaciones
Temperatura Máxima
15
Temperatura Mínima
í i
15
10
Altitude between 100 y 300m
10
5
5
0
EN
0
F BE N MZ
P DC
OC
F B MZA B A B MY
MY J NJ N J L JAL G S AG
P OC S NV
NV
DC
Various species of juniperus, quercus, pinus, crataegus, hedera,and spartum were planted
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Land preparation:
• Manual hole digging in remote areas • Capillary drill • 0.6 m diameter drill
In all cases, preexisting vegetation was maintained
Capillary drill 11
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From the first year the plants sampled were located using GPS
GPS Leica to georeferenciate the position
Variables:
• Survival sampling
• Seedling height
• Diameter growth
• Water level inside the Waterboxx
• Temperatures
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Survival rates for the plant population in Waterboxx containers were higher than those of control plants 100.00%
90.00%
Results and discussion
Survival rates
Standard Error
97.92%
2.86%
88.21%
4.18%
BIO II-Waterboxx
80.00%
70.00%
Green-Waterboxx
Green-Waterboxx
60.00%
Yellow-Waterboxx
50.00%
Yellow -Waterboxx
Control Group
40 00%
40.00%
BIO II-Waterboxx
74.19%
10.98%
20.00%
36.36%
8.57%
30.00%
Control Group
10.00%
0.00%
Container-Reforestation
It can be observed that survival rates in green Waterboxx containers are higher than those from the yellow and BIO II Waterboxx
Control plants present low survival rates, with values in agreement with those reported in the literature
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However, in the case of holm oak (Quercus ilex L.), planted in BIO II containers, survival rates is similar to those of the control group
100.00%
90.00%
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
Green-Waterboxx
Yellow-Waterboxx
BIO II-Waterboxx
Control Group
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Total population survival for holm oak (Quercus Ilex L.) (α=0.05)
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With Spanish broom (Retama
sphaerocarpa L.), we have found no meaningful differences between the survival rates planted in BIO II Waterboxx and the control plants
100.00%
90.00%
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
Green-Waterboxx
Yellow-Waterboxx
BIO II-Waterboxx
Control Group
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Total population survival for Spanish broom (Retama sphaerocarpa) (α=0.05)
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Only in one of the planted species, Robinia pseudoacacia L., the survival rate is higher in the BIO II Waterboxx. We are now studying this particular case
100.00%
90.00%
80.00%
70.00%
Green-Waterboxx
60.00%
Yellow-Waterboxx
BIO II-Waterboxx
50.00%
Control Group
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Total population survival for Black locust
(Robinia pseudoacacia) (α=0.05)
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CONCLUSIONS
1) The chosen technique appears to have been very effective during the first repopulation year, primarily in improving survival
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CONCLUSIONS
2) With this system the maximum replanting percentages has been greatly reduced, because we have a higher level of success than the traditional method
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CONCLUSIONS
3) The Green Waterboxx has a higher
degree of success
Pale yellow causes growth of algae in the water. The algae block the exit of water from the wick
As a consequence, the
As
a consequence the water does
not reach the plant
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CONCLUSIONS
4) Longer monitoring periods and additional essays are still required in order to guarantee and refine this technique
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Acknowledgements
This research has been sponsored by European Life project
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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Presentation of the LIFE+ The Green Deserts in IUFRO

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