chem 102

Chemistry 100(02) Fall 2014
Instructor: Dr. Upali Siriwardane
e-mail: upali@latech.edu
Office: CTH 311
Phone 257-4941
Office Hours: M,W, 8:00-9:30 & 11:30-12:30 a.m
Tu,Th,F 8:00 - 10:00 a.m. Or by appointment
Test Dates:
September 29, 2014 (Test 1): Chapter 1 & 2
October 20,
2014 (Test 2): Chapter 3 & 4
November 12, 2014 (Test 3) Chapter 5 & 6
November 13, 2014 (Make-up test) comprehensive:
Chapters 1-6 9:30-10:45:15 AM, CTH 328
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Text Book & Resources
REQUIRED :
Textbook: Principles of Chemistry: A Molecular Approach,
2nd Edition-Nivaldo J. Tro - Pearson Prentice Hall and also
purchase the Mastering Chemistry
Group Homework, Slides and Exam review guides and
sample exam questions are available online:
http://moodle.latech.edu/ and follow the course information
links.
OPTIONAL :
Study Guide: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2nd EditionNivaldo J. Tro 2nd Edition
Student Solutions Manual: Chemistry: A Molecular
Approach, 2nd Edition-Nivaldo J. Tro 2nd
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Chapter 1. Matter, Measurement, and Problem
Solving
1. 1
1 .2
1 .3
1 .4
1 .5
1 .6
1 .7
1 .8
Atoms and Molecules………………………………….. 1
The Scientific Approach to Knowledge…………….. 3
The Classification of Matter…………………………… 5
Physical and Chemical Changes and Physical and
Chemical Properties…………………………………….. 9
Energy: A Fundamental Part of Physical and Chemical
Change…………………………………………………….. 12
The Units of Measurement……………………………... 13
The Reliability of a Measurement……………………… 20
Solving Chemical Problems……………………………. 27
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Chapter 1. KEY CONCEPTS
• What is chemistry?
• Scientific Method.
• Properties of the three states of
matter
• Physical changes and
properties.
• Chemical change and
properties.
• Categories of matter.
• Elements and Compounds
• Atomic symbols
• Chemical Elements and
properties
• Chemical Symbolism
• Separating Mixtures.
• Scientific Measurement
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• Prefixes of SI units
• Macro, micro and nano-scales
• Conversion factors.
• Factor label method.
• Uncertainty and significant
figures
• Temperature Conversions.
• Density Calculations.
• Three chemical Laws
• Dalton's atomic theory
• Interpreting chemical formulas
and chemical reaction.
• Concept of mole
• Gram to mole conversion
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What is chemistry?
1. Chemistry deals with non-reversible changes of
matter
2. Chemistry explains using atoms, molecules and
ions
3. Chemical Concepts and Models improve your
problem solving skills
4. Chemistry is a Central Science
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What is an Atom?

Very small particle.
 Smallest particle of an element
 Different atoms have different physical and chemical
properties

Atoms combine to from molecules sharing electrons or
lose/gain electrons to form ions

Atoms, molecules and ions determine how matter behaves—
if they were different, matter would be different.
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Models of matter in Chemistry
Three models are commonly used to help visualize
Atom - The smallest unit of an element that has all
of the properties of an element.
Molecule -The smallest unit of a pure substance that
has properties of that substance. It may contain
more than one atom and more than one element.
Ions – Charged particles formed by the transfer of
electrons between atoms or molecules
Metals – Collections of metal atoms with special
properties
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Structure of Substances?
NaCl: Na+ and Cl-
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Pt metal
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Allotropes
Forms of element that has different bonding pattern
Graphite
Diamond
Buckminsterfullerine
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Molecular Models (Aspirin)
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Biomolecules (hemoglobin)
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1) Identify the name of atoms, molecules or ions
(with charge) formed from the following elements
and compounds explain their properties.
a) Nitrogen-N2
b)Potassium-K
c) Iodine-I2
d) Magnesium-Mg
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1) Identify the name of atoms, molecules or ions
(with charge) formed from the following elements
and compounds explain their properties.
e) Sulfur-S8
f) Sodium Chloride-NaCl
g) Carbon monoxide-CO
h) Diamond-C allotrope
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Scientific Method
Procedure
designed to
test an idea
Tentative explanation of a
single or small number of
observations
General explanation of
natural phenomena
Careful noting and
recording of natural
and experimental
phenomena
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Generally observed
occurence in nature
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Scientific Method
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The Scientific Approach to Knowledge
2) What are the key steps involved in scientific
method:
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3) What is a hypothesis in science? Give an
example.
4) How does hypothesis become a scientific
theory? Give an example.
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Kinetic Molecular Theory: Gases
Postulates
1. Gaseous particles in continuous, random, rapid
2.
3.
4.
5.
motion
Collisions between particles are elastic
Volume occupied by the particles is negligibly
small effect on their behavior
Attractive forces between particles have a
negligible effect on their behavior
Gases have no fixed volume or shape, take the
volume and shape of the container
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5) What is a scientific theory? Give an example.
6) What are postulates of a scientific theory? Give
an example.
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Gas Laws (This is not theory)
•Boyle's Law
(V and P)
•Charles Law
(V and T)
•Gay-Lussac's combined Gas Law
•
(V, P and T)
•Avogadro's Law
(V and n)
•Ideal Gas Law
(V, P, n, R and T)
Scientific law is a summary or pattern
in observation
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7) What is a scientific law? Give an example.
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8) What are the main branches of chemistry?
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Areas of Chemistry
“The study of matter and the changes it undergoes.”
Major divisions
Inorganic Compounds of elements other than
carbon
Organic
Compounds of carbon
Biochemistry
Compounds of living matter
Physical
Theory and concepts
Analytical Methods of analysis
General Covers all areas as an introduction
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9) Identify the main branches of chemistry under
the following:
a. A researcher analyzes a water sample for lead content:
b. An undergraduate studies the allotropes of phosphorus:
c. Robert Boyle studied the effect of pressure on the volume of a gas:
d. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin from fungi and later it was
synthesized in the lab:
a. A researcher starting from simple organic compounds complex drugs
are synthesized:
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Properties of Substances
1. Physical properties:
Physical properties are descriptions of
matter such as
color, density, viscosity, boiling point, and
melting point.
2. Chemical properties:
Chemical properties relates to the
changes of substances making up the
matter.
corrosiveness, Flammability
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Classification of Matter by Composition
1.
2.
made of one type of particle
all samples show the same physical
1.
2.
made of multiple types of particles
samples may show different properties
and chemical properties
Which are homogeneous or heterogeneous?
Blood
Gasoline
Urine
Twinkie
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“T-Bone” steak
Salad Dressing
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Classification of Mixtures
1.
2.
made of multiple
substances,
whose presence
can be seen
portions of a
sample have
different
composition and
properties
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2.
made of multiple
substances, but
appears to be one
substance
all portions of an
individual sample
have the same
composition and
properties
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The Classification of Matter
10) What is a mixture? Describe it generally and
given an example.
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11) What is a: (Describe it generally and given an
example)
Homogenous mixture?
b) Heterogeneous mixture?
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12) Classify following as
heterogeneous/homogenous (het/hom) mixtures?
a. Salt water
b. A chocolate chip cookie
c. a handful of soil
d. a vegetable garden
e. An ice cream sundae
Steel
g. Bronze
h. Closed soft drink bottle
i. Just opened soft drink bottle
f.
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