Diabetes/Obesity News In This Issue Health and Health Disparities

Transcription

News from The Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity
Center of Excellence with the National Institute on Minority
Health and Health Disparities
Diabetes/Obesity News
January 2013
In This Issue
Countries Gobbling High-Frucose Corn Syrup Have higher
Diabetes Rates, study finds
Researchers from the University of Southern
California and the University of Oxford say they have
found an association between countries that have
more high-fructose corn syrup in their food supply
and those that have higher rates of diabetes.
Countries with higher use of HFCS had an average
prevalence of Type 2 diabetes of 8 percent, compared with 6.7
percent in countries that don't use it, according to the research
published recently in the journal Global Public Health. Those
differences held, the researchers said, after adjustments for body
mass index, population and gross domestic product. (continued) Mexican Immigrants to the U.S. Are Not as Healthy as
Previously Believed
Immigrants who come to the United States from Mexico arrive with a
significant amount of undiagnosed disease, tempering previous
findings that immigrants are generally healthier than native-born
residents, according to a new study.
About half of recent Mexican immigrants who have diabetes are
Diabetes/Obesity News
Faculty/Staff/Affiliate
News
Reports/PublicationsÂ Community Impact
Upcoming Events
Book Corner
Closing Book Corner
Race, Ethnicity, and
Health: A Public
Health Reader
(Public
Health/Vulnerable
Populations)
A new and critical
selection of hallmark
articles that address
health disparities in
http://campaign.r20.constantcontact.com/...aMdHR9pPUNpXEjupeRKENZZt5eTPOPyYjQPbCzX_p_mDD3Ocfx1US61Kzdr91r05iA%3D%3D[1/2/2013 10:24:56 AM]
unaware they have the disease and about one-third of those with
high blood pressure are unaware of the illness, according to findings
published in the December edition of the journal Health Affairs.
The undiagnosed disease explains about one-third of the "healthy
immigrant effect" for diabetes and one-fifth for high blood pressure.
But even after undiagnosed disease is taken into account, recent
immigrants are still healthier than native-born residents. (more)
Black women combat obesity with candid talk, prioritizing
health and motivating each other Nicole Ari Parker was motivated by frustration. For
Star Jones, it was a matter of life or death. Toni
Carey wanted a fresh start after a bad breakup.
All three have launched individual campaigns that
reflect an emerging priority for African-American
women: finding creative ways to combat the obesity
epidemic that threatens their longevity.
African-American women have the highest obesity rate of any group
of Americans. Four out of five black women have a body mass index
above 25 percent, the threshold for being overweight or obese,
according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. By
comparison, nearly two-thirds of Americans overall are in this
category, the CDC said. (continued) 'Fitness Parks' Catch on in Cities No costly membership. Open 24/7. Doesn't take up
any space in your home. And it's good for you.
Free outdoor gyms, the latest weapon in fighting the
nation's obesity epidemic, are sprouting up in city
parks across the country. Clusters of traditional
fitness equipment from elliptical machines to leg
press and sit-up benches are being installed in city parks, often in
poorer neighborhoods that may not have access to healthful options.
Leading the effort is the Trust for Public Land, a non-profit land
conservation group that created its Fitness Zones program about
three years ago to help cities fund outdoor health playgrounds.
(more) Junk Food Taxes Pay Off, Study Finds America. It effectively
documents the need for
equal treatment and
equal health status for
minorities. (read more
about this book here)
Taxing soft drinks and foods high in saturated fats
and providing subsidies for fruits and vegetables
might encourage people to change their eating habits
and possibly improve their health, according to a new
study.
Researchers in New Zealand analyzed 32 previous
studies and concluded that there would be a 0.02 percent decline in
consumption of fatty foods with each 1 percent price increase. They
also determined that a 10 percent increase in the price of soft drinks
would decrease consumption by between 1 percent and 24 percent.
A 10 percent decrease in the price of fruits and vegetables would
increase consumption by 2 percent to 8 percent, according to the
findings, which were published Dec. 11 in the journal PLoS Medicine.
(continued) In U.S., More Cite Obesity as Most Urgent Health Problem More Americans than in the past say obesity is the
most urgent health problem facing the United States,
climbing to a new high of 16%. That compares with
1% in 1999, when Gallup began asking the question
on an annual basis.
These results are based on Gallup's annual Health
and Healthcare survey, conducted Nov. 15-18. As part of that
survey, Gallup asks Americans, in an open-ended format, to name
the nation's most urgent health problem. The question was first
asked in 1987, with obesity receiving mentions of 3% or less prior to
the annual updates that started in 1999. Americans' increasing concerns about obesity mirror the rising rates
of obesity in the United States. The percentage of adults who are
obese doubled from 1980 to 2008, according to the U.S. Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention. And Gallup and Healthways find
obesity remains high as of the third quarter of 2012, at 26.1%.
(more) Obesity Drugs May Soon See More Insurance Coverage, and
Boston study to Test New Medication Here's some interesting news from the obesity drug front. First off,
Aetna, one of the nation's largest insurers, announced Wednesday
that it was going to provide coverage for prescription obesity
medications including Qsymia and Belviq. Many insurance
companies have been dragging their feet on reimbursing for the
drugs -- approved by the US Food and Drug Administration this past
summer -- which has led to a lag in sales.
Aetna's move could pave the way for more insurance companies to
follow suit, Reuters reports.
And a second bit of news: Boston Medical Center researchers are
looking for overweight volunteers with heart disease or diabetes to
enroll in a clinical trial to test an experimental obesity medication.
The drug, called Contrave, is a combination of two drugs already on
the market: bupropion (an antidepressant) and naltrexone (used to
help overcome drug or alcohol addiction). (more) New 'Obesity Calculator' Predicts Child's Likelihood of Being
Overweight
Childhood obesity has been on the rise in the United
States, a trend that is putting many children at risk for
a multitude of health problems - from cardiovascular
disease and high blood pressure to early type 2
diabetes.
For parents looking to keep their child healthy and
physically fit as they grow up, a better understanding of their child's
propensity towards obesity could be an essential tool in helping to
keep off the pounds.
But how are parents supposed to know the likelihood their child will
be overweight?
A new, simple formula could be the key. Available as an online
calculator, an equation developed by researchers at the Imperial
College London can strongly predict a baby's probability of becoming
obese during childhood. (continued) Mediterranean Diet May be too Expensive for Many Results from the Italian Moli-sani study suggest that the
Mediterranean diet, once so typical in this region of Europe, is now
too expensive for many people.
People with lower incomes were also more likely to be obese than
those with higher incomes, add the researchers, perhaps due to
consuming a poorer quality diet.
"We sought to see whether the increasing cost of the main food
products and the progressive impoverishment of people could
contribute to the obesity pandemic which has been affecting the
countries of the Mediterranean area during the recent years,
including Italy," explained lead author Marialaura Bonaccio
(Fondazione di Ricerca e Cura "Giovanni Paolo II," Campobasso,
Italy) in a press statement. (continued) Faculty/Staff/Affiliate News Dr. Ronny A. Bell Receives Award
Dr. Ronny Bell, Co-Director of the Maya Angelou
Center for Health Equity, received the Community
Spirit Award from the American Diabetes
Association (ADA) on October 22nd, 2012 at a
ceremony in Washington, DC. The award was given
in recognition of his work in understanding and
addressing diabetes disparities with the American Indian/Alaska Native
population. Dr. Bell was also a featured speaker and panelist at the
ADA 5th Disparities Partnership Forum, which was held in conjunction
with the ceremony. Others receiving recognition at the ceremony
included: Dr. Pedro Greer, Jr.(first from left), Assistant Dean, Florida
International University; Mr. David Mann (second from left), noted actor
and comedian; Mr. Ben Vereen, (third from right) world-renowned actor,
singer and dancer; and Dr. Kenneth Moritsugu (second from right), Vice
President for Global Strategic Affairs for Johnson and Johnson's Family
of Diabetes Companies and Acting Surgeon General from 2006 - 2008.
Best Doctors in America
Congratulations to our affiliates who have been named on the 20122013 Best Doctors in America® database.
Arthur W. Blackstock Jr, M.D.
Radiation Oncology
Thomas D. DuBose, Jr., M.D.
Nephrology
John Jeffrey Carr, M.D.
Radiology
Barry I. Freedman, M.D.
Nephrology
Amy McMichael, M.D.
Dermatology
Medge D. Owen, M.D.
Anesthesiology
John H. Stewart IV, M.D.
Surgical Oncology Gretchen L. Wells, M.D., Ph.D.
Cardiovascular Disease
Center Affiliate Featured in Reuters Research from Amy McMichael, MD,
dermatology, about hair care practices and
exercise concerns for African American women
is featured in Reuters.
REPORTS/PUBLICATIONS
Association of an Intensive Lifestyle Intervention
With Remission of Type 2 Diabetes Edward W. Gregg, PhD, Haiying Chen, PhD, Lynne E. Wagenknecht, DrPH, Jeanne M.
Clark, MD, MPH, Linda M. Delahanty, MS, RD, John Bantle, MD, Henry J. Pownall, PhD,
Karen C. Johnson, MD, MPH, Monika M. Safford, MD, Abbas E. Kitabchi, MD, PhD, F.
Xavier Pi-Sunyer, MD, Rena R. Wing, PhD, Alain G. Bertoni, MD, MPH for the Look
AHEAD Research Group Context -The frequency of remission of type 2 diabetes achievable
with lifestyle intervention is unclear.
Objective -To examine the association of a long-term intensive
weight-loss intervention with the frequency of remission from type 2
diabetes to prediabetes or normoglycemia.
Design, Setting, and Participants - Ancillary observational analysis
of a 4-year randomized controlled trial (baseline visit, August 2001April 2004; last follow-up, April 2008) comparing an intensive lifestyle
intervention (ILI) with a diabetes support and education control
condition (DSE) among 4503 US adults with body mass index of 25
or higher
and type 2 diabetes.
Interventions - Participants were randomly assigned to receive the
ILI, which included weekly group and individual counseling in the first
6 months followed by 3 sessions per month for the second 6 months
and twice-monthly contact and regular refresher group series and
campaigns in years 2 to 4 (n=2241) or the DSE, which was
an offer of 3 group sessions per year on diet, physical activity, and
social support (n=2262). (read entire publication here)
Transferability and Fine Mapping of Type 2 Diabetes Loci in
African Americans: The Candidate Gene Association Resource
Plus Study. Ng MC, Saxena R, Li J, Palmer ND, Dimitrov L, Xu J, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Zmuda JM,
Siscovick DS, Patel SR, Crook ED, Sims M, Chen YD, Bertoni AG, Li M, Grant SF, Dupuis
J, Meigs JB, Psaty BM, Pankow JS, Langefeld CD, Freedman BI, Rotter JI, Wilson JG,
Bowden DW.
Source
Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of
Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) disproportionally affects African Americans
(AfA) but, to date, genetic variants identified from genome-wide
association studies (GWAS) are primarily from European and Asian
populations. We examined the single nucleotide polymorphism
(SNP) and locus transferability of 40 reported T2D loci in six AfA
GWAS consisting of 2,806 T2D case subjects with or without endstage renal disease and 4,265 control subjects from the Candidate
Gene Association Resource Plus Study. Our results revealed that
seven index SNPs at the TCF7L2, KLF14, KCNQ1, ADCY5,
CDKAL1, JAZF1, and GCKR loci were significantly associated with
T2D (P < 0.05). The strongest association was observed at TCF7L2
rs7903146 (odds ratio [OR] 1.30; P = 6.86 × 10(-8)). Locus-wide
analysis demonstrated significant associations (P(emp) < 0.05) at
regional best SNPs in the TCF7L2, KLF14, and HMGA2 loci as well
as suggestive signals in KCNQ1 after correction for the effective
number of SNPs at each locus. Of these loci, the regional best SNPs
were in differential linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the index and
adjacent SNPs. Our findings suggest that some loci discovered in
prior reports affect T2D susceptibility in AfA with similar effect sizes.
The reduced and differential LD pattern in AfA compared with
European and Asian populations may facilitate fine mapping of
causal variants at loci shared across populations. (read publication) 30,000 Fewer Heart Attacks and Strokes in North Carolina: A
Challenge to Prioritize Prevention
Alain G. Bertoni, Don Ensley, David C. Goff N C Med J. 2012;73(6):449-456
Heart disease and stroke are leading causes of death in North
Carolina and are also important contributors to poor health and
excess health care expenditures. The risk factors for heart disease,
stroke, and other forms of cardiovascular disease are well known,
and include smoking, high blood pressure, elevated serum
cholesterol levels, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. These risk factors
persist as a result of suboptimal assessment, treatment, and control;
adverse trends in health behaviors; and environmental and societal
conditions negatively affecting the pursuit of optimal cardiovascular
health. If North Carolina is to do its share in making it possible for the
national Million Hearts initiative to meet its goals, then 30,000 heart
attacks and strokes need to be prevented in the state over the next 5
years. Both the Million Hearts initiative and North Carolina's JustusWarren Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention Task Force Plan
include specific recommendations aimed at the primary and
secondary prevention of heart disease and stroke. Million Hearts
focuses on the ABCS: aspirin use when appropriate, blood pressure
control, cholesterol control, and smoking cessation or abstention.
The task force plan also addresses physical inactivity, poor nutrition,
and the control of obesity and diabetes. The commentaries published
in this issue of the NCMJ address the challenge of cardiovascular
disease prevention among children and adults across the state and
highlight efforts to enhance prevention via public policies and
legislation, community coalitions, and quality improvement in the
clinical arena. (continued) Admixture Mapping of Coronary Artery Calcified Plaque in
African Americans with Type 2 Diabetes Jasmin Divers, Nicholette D. Palmer, Lingyi Lu, Thomas C. Register, J. Jeffrey Carr,
Pamela J. Hicks, R. Caresse Hightower, S. Carrie Smith, Jianzhao Zu, Amanda J. Cox,
Keith A. Hruska, Donald W. Bowden, Cora E. Lewis, Gerardo Heiss, Michael A. Province,
Ingrid B. Borecki, Kathleen F. Kerr, Y.-D. Ida Chen, Walter Palma, Jerome I. Rotter,
Christina L. Wassel, Alain Bertoni, David Herrington, Lynne E. Wagenknecht, Carl D.
Langefeld, Barry I. Freedman
Abstract
Background-The presence and severity of coronary artery calcified
plaque (CAC) differs markedly between individuals of African and
European descent, suggesting that admixture mapping (AM) may be
informative for identifying genetic variants associated with subclinical
cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods and Results
AM of CAC was performed in 1,040 unrelated African Americans with
type 2 diabetes mellitus from the African American-Diabetes Heart
Study (AA-DHS), Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), and
Family Heart Study (FamHS) using the Illumina custom ancestry
informative marker (AIM) panel. All cohorts obtained computed
tomography scanning of the coronary arteries using identical
protocols. For each AIM, the probability of inheriting 0, 1, and 2
copies of a European-derived allele was determined. Linkage
analysis was performed by testing for association between each AIM
using these probabilities and CAC, accounting for global ancestry,
age, gender and study. Markers on 1p32.3 in the GLIS1 gene
(rs6663966, LOD=3.7), 1q32.1 near CHIT1 (rs7530895, LOD=3.1),
4q21.2 near PRKG2 (rs1212373, LOD=3.0) and 11q25 in the
OPCML gene (rs6590705, LOD=3.4) had statistically significant LOD
scores, while markers on 8q22.2 (rs6994682, LOD=2.7), 9p21.2
(rs439314, LOD=2.7), and 13p32.1 (rs7492028, LOD=2.8)
manifested suggestive evidence of linkage. These regions were
uniformly characterized by higher levels of European ancestry
associating with higher levels or odds of CAC. Findings were
replicated in 1,350 AAs without diabetes and 2,497 diabetic
European Americans from MESA and the Diabetes Heart Study.
(read publication) Community Impact Lisa D. Houston
Lisa D. Houston is Founder and President of
Blameless Faces Foundation, Inc. She recently
resigned as VP to The Liberian Organization of
the Piedmont. Lisa was born in Liberia, West
Africa. Her father was a Liberian, and mother is
an American. Lisa believes that she has the best
of both worlds. In 1979 she came to the U.S. to
attend school. In 1980, a bloody coup changed the country's
leadership due to the assassination of then President William R.
Tolbert Jr., and in turn, causing the Constitution to thereby be
suspended. In 1989, disagreements sparked the First Liberian Civil
War. By 1995, a fragile peace was eventually reached but not for
long. In 1999, the Second Liberian Civil War began and lasted until
2003. Liberia's entire infrastructure were left in ruins and noted as
one of Africa's bloodiest war that claimed the lives of over 300,000
people and more than 200,000 displaced. Families were degraded,
elderly women, young girls & babies raped, children exploited and
became warlords/killers themselves, drug users as early as eight
years old; in addition, many of whom were orphaned or left
homeless. - Unimaginable sufferings. (read more here)
Upcoming Events 34th Annual Minority Health Conference
February 22, 2013
The UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health would like to invite
you to join us at the 34th Annual Minority Health Conference. This
year's conference, Constructing the Foundation for Health Equity,
focuses on how health equity can be achieved through systems-level
change. For more information about the conference click here) Immigration Matters Forum February 28, 2013
James B. Hunt Library
Centennial Campus
North Carolina State Library
12:00 - 5:15pm
The UNC Center for International Understanding will present
Immigration Matters, a fast-paced, focused forum designed
to elevate the immigration conversation. Northwest AHEC will be a
satellite site for this event. (more)
2nd Annual MACHE Bowl
March 2, 2013
Biotech Place Atrium
2:00-4:00pm (reception to follow)
Please join us for the 2nd annual student healthcare competition
where students from several disciplines from Appalachian State
University, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Wake
Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest University and Winston
Salem State University, collaborate to solve a healthcare case in
front of a live audience.
Translational Science 2013: Increasing the Value of Your
Research Through Team Science April 17-19, 2013
Omni Shoreham Hotel Washington, DC Translational Science 2013, sponsored by the Association for Clinical
Research Training (ACRT), the American Federation for Medical
Research (AFMR), and the Society for Clinical and Translational
Science (SCTS), bringing together all of the disciplines involved in
clinical and translational research, for the shared benefits of
networking and education.
Closing The Faculty and Staff of the Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity
wish you and yours a warm and wonderful holiday season. We look
forward to working with you in 2013.
Sincerely,
Dr. Ronny A. Bell Dr. Bettina M. Beech
Co-Director Co-Director Health Equity Updates | Maya Angelou Center for Health Equity | Wake Forsest School of Medicine
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Diabetes/Obesity News In This Issue Health and Health Disparities

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