Fishery Initial Assessment Report

IFFO Fishery Assessment Report
Issue No; 5; Issue Date; Apr 14
FISHERYASSESSMENTREPORT
IFFOGLOBALSTANDARDFORRESPONSIBLESUPPLYOFFISHMEAL
ANDFISHOIL
R1
R1
FISHERY:
Middlingthreadherring(Opishonemamedirastre)
Pacificthreadherring(Opishonemalibertate)
Slenderthreadherring(Opisthonemabulleri)
LOCATION:
FAOArea77(EasterCentralPacific)
DATEOFREPORT:
April2016
ASSESSOR:
DeirdreHoare
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IFFO Fishery Assessment Report
Issue No; 5; Issue Date; Apr 14
1. APPLICATIONDETAILSANDSUMMARYOFTHEASSESSMENTOUTCOME
Name:MazIndustrial
Address:
Country:Mexico
Zip:
Tel.No.
Fax.No.
Emailaddress:
ApplicantCode
KeyContact:LauraElenaGarciaMacias
Title:
CertificationBodyDetails
NameofCertificationBody:
AssessorName
SAIGlobal(Ireland)
PeerReviewer
DeirdreHoare
AssessmentDays
GilesBartlett
5
AssessmentPeriod
Initial/Surveillance/
Re-certification
Initial
Year2015
ScopeDetails
1.ScopeofAssessment
IFFOGlobalStandardforResponsibleSupply–Issue1
2.Fishery
Middlingthreadherring(Opishonemamedirastre)
Pacificthreadherring(Opishonemalibertate)
Slenderthreadherring(Opisthonemabulleri)
3.FisheryLocation
MexicoFAOArea77(EasternCentralPacific)
4.FisheryMethod
PurseSeine
OutcomeofAssessment
5.OverallFisheryComplianceRating
Medium
6.SubComponentsofLowCompliance
ConditionsA2,A3
7.Informationdeficiency
None
8.PeerReviewEvaluation
9.Recommendation
Approvefishery
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IFFO Fishery Assessment Report
Issue No; 5; Issue Date; Apr 14
2. QUALITYOFINFORMATION
Good
3. COMPLIANCELEVELACHEIVED
Medium
Recommendation
Approvefisherybasedonconditions:
Conditions
A2.ATAChasnotbeensetsince2012andtheassessmentteamgrantsconditionalapprovalbasedonthis
beingreviewedandatimelineputinplaceforimplementationofaTACorsimilarHCRbythenext
surveillanceaudit.
A3.Themanagementplanwasputinplacein2012andhasnotbeenreviewedsince,theassessmentteam
grantsconditionalapprovalbasedonthisplanbeingreviewedevery3-5years,withatimelineforthisreview
tobeputinplacebythenextsurveillance.
4. GUIDANCEFORONSITEASSESSMENT
BasedonHIGHcompliancefindings
BasedonMEDIUMcompliancefindings
BasedonLOWcompliancefindings
5. ASSESSMENTDETERMINATION
Mexicohasafullydevelopedadministrativeframeworkforfisheriesmanagement.Themiddlingthreadherring,
Pacificthreadherringandtheslenderthreadherring–collectivelyknownasthethreadherringfishery-areall
managedascomponentsofthesmallpelagicstock.Theassessmentteamconsidersamediumcompliancerating
appropriateforthisfishery.Fisheriesmanagementisconcernedwiththewholestockunitoveritsentireareaof
distributionandtakesintoaccountthebiologyofthespecies.However,by-catchdataislargelynotcollectedand
along-termprogramisrequiredtoprovidesufficientinformationtodetectanysignificantchangesoftheimpact
ofthefisheryonbycatchspecies.FisheriesresearchinMexicoisconductedbyadedicatedscientificorganisation.
Research to support the conservation and the management of the stock, non-target species and physical
environmentexists,howeverresearchprogrammescouldbesignificantlyimprovedtodecreasescientificadvice
uncertainty.Therearesomemanagementmeasurestopreventtheimpactofthefishingmethodsandfishing
practicesonnon-targetspeciesandthephysicalenvironment.Theobserverprogrammeshouldbereinstatedon
alongtermbasisandmitigationstrategiesdevelopedandimplemented.
HIGHCompliance
B2,D1,E1,E2
MEDIUMCompliance
A1,A2,A3,B1,C1,D2,D3
LOWCompliance
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IFFO Fishery Assessment Report
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SUMMARYOFLEVELOFCOMPLIANCE
TheManagement
FrameworkandProcedures
Stockassessmentprocedures
andmanagementadvice
Precautionary
approach
Managementmeasures
Implementation
legalandadministrativebasis
A1
Fisheriesmanagementshouldbeconcernedwiththe
wholestockunit
A2
Managementactionsshouldbescientificallybased
A3
Researchinsupportoffisheriesconservationand
managementshouldexist
B1
Bestscientificevidenceavailableshouldbetakeninto
accountwhendesigningconservationandmanagement
measures
B2
Theprecautionaryapproachisappliedinthe
formulationofmanagementplans
C1
Theleveloffishingpermittedshouldbesetaccordingto
managementadvicegivenbyresearchorganisations
D1
Whereexcessfishingcapacityexist,mechanismsshould
beinestablishedtoreducedcapacity
D2
Managementmeasuresshouldensurethatfishinggear
andfishingpracticesdonothaveasignificantimpacton
non-targetspeciesandthephysicalenvironment
D3
Aframeworkforsanctionsofviolationoflawsand
regulationsshouldbeefficientlyexists
E1
Amanagementsystemforfisheriescontroland
enforcementshouldbeestablished
E2
KEY:
LowCompliance:
MediumCompliance:
HighCompliance:
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6. RATIONALEOFTHEASSESSMENTOUTCOME
A. THEMANAGEMENTFRAMEWORKANDPROCEDURE
LEVELOFCOMPLIANCE
A1.Themanagementofthefisherymustincludealegalandadministrativebasisfortheimplementationofmeasuresandcontrolsto
supporttheconservationofthefishery.
LOW
Anadministrativeframeworkthatensuresanefficientmanagementofthefisheryforitsconservationisnotestablished.
MEDIUM Anadministrativeframeworkthatensuresanefficientmanagementofthefisheryforitsconservationissomehow
established,butthereisevidenceofnotbeingefficienttoensuretheconservationofthestock.
HIGH
Alegalandadministrativeframeworkthatensuresanefficientmanagementofthefisheryforitsconservationisestablished
andworksefficientlytowardtheconservationofthestock.
Determination: Mexico has a fully developed administrative framework for fisheries management. Middling thread herring, Pacific thread herring and the slender thread herring are all managed as a
component of the small pelagic stock, the assessment team considers a medium compliance rating
appropriate.
Fisherymanagementframework:
ThegovernmentbodywithresponsibilityforfisheriesmanagementinMexicoisSecretariatofAgriculture,
Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadaría, Desarrollo Rural,
Pesca y Alimentación, SAGARPA). SAGARPA is responsible for administering federal resources to rural
development. It also promotes research for rural purposes (including seeds, plants, etc.), regulates fishing
relatedactivitiesandhasinitscontrolallmedicinesandfoodfordomesticandfarmanimals;inadditionto
veterinariansandtheirrespectiveclinics.
TheprimarylegalinstrumentsaretheFisheriesLaw(LeydePesca)andtheRegulationtotheFisheriesLaw
(ReglamentodelaLeydePescaNOM-003-PESC-1993,updatedin2014NOM-003-SAG/PESC-2014)).Basedon
the contents of these laws, the SAGARPA mission statement includes a commitment to “facilitate the
competitiveandsustainabledevelopmentofthefisheriesandaquaculturesectorinthecountrytoincrease
the welfare of Mexicans”. The Fisheries Management Plan for the minor pelagic species (Plan de manejo
pesqueroparalapesqueríadepelágicosmenores)aimstosetouttheactionstodevelopthefisheriesina
sustainablemannerbasedonthecurrentknowledgeofecological,environmental,economic,cultural,social
andbiologicalaspectsofthefisheries.
WithinSAGARPA,theNationalCommissiononAquacultureandFisheries(ComisiónNacionaldeAcuacultura
y Pesca, CONAPESCA) is directly responsible for management, co-ordination and policy development with
regards to fisheries. Scientific advice is provided by the National Fisheries Institute (Instituto Nacional de
Pesca, INP, see section B), through which the National Fisheries Charter (Carta Nacional Pesquera) was
developed. The Charter is an annually-updated summary of the status and scientific understanding of all
commercialfisheryresourcesinfederalwaters.TheCharterisbroadlydividedbetweenPacificandGulfof
Mexicofisheries.
CartaNacionalPesquera
In2011,anewversionoftheCartaNacionalPesqueraincludingsmallpelagicswasintheprocessofevaluation
bytheFederalGovernmentforpublication:in2013theestimatedreleasedateofthisoverarchinglegislation
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forallfisheriesinMexicowas2014.In2014noupdatedinformationwasavailableontheprogressoftheCNP
revision.In2016,atthetimeofthisinitialassessment,therevisedCNPhasalsonotbeenpublishedyet.
MexicanNationalStandardforSmallPelagicsFisheries
A new version of NOM-0003-PESC-1993 the Mexican national standard for the small pelagic fishery was
published on the 6th of December 2014. https://www.gob.mx/conapesca/prensa/actualiza-sagarpa-normaque-regula-el-aprovechamiento-de-los-pelagicos-menores-en-el-pacifico-y-golfo-de-california-21602
TheupdatedNOMcontainsthefollowingchanges:
§ captureofpilchard,anchovyorThreadHerringbelowtheminimumcatchsizedoesnotexceed30%ofthe
numberoforganismsperfishingseasonbyregion.(lessstringentthanpreviousNOM).
§ therewillbenofurtherauthorizationfortheentryofmorevessels,exceptforreplacementofexisting
vesselandthatexistingvesselshavegoodcoolingsystemsandthatexistingvesselsdonotincreasethecurrent
carryingcapacity.(morestringentthanpreviousNOM).
§ thatINAPESCA,basedonscientificresearchcarriedoutwithaviewtoensuringoptimalresourceutilization
andconservation,undertakemonthlyreviewsofthecumulativepercentageofbycatchtodeterminewhenit
hasreachedtheallowablepercentage(bycatch),atwhichpointtherewillbetherequirementtonotifythe
National Commission of Aquaculture and Fisheries. (new measure not in previous NOM, method not yet
determined).
R2-R7
LEVELOFCOMPLIANCE
A2.Fisheriesmanagementshouldbeconcernedwiththewholestockunitoveritsentireareaofdistributionandtakeintoaccountfishery
removalsandthebiologyofthespecies.
LOW
Fisheriesmanagementisnotconcernedwiththewholestockunitoveritsentireareaofdistributionanddonottakeinto
accountanyofthematterslistedin‘A1’.
MEDIUM Fisheriesmanagementisconcernedwithmatterslistedin‘A1’butnotentirely.Fisheries,inrelationto‘A1’statement,
shouldimprovetoensurethelongtermconservationofthemarineresource.
HIGH
Fisheriesmanagementshouldbeconcernedwiththewholestockunitoveritsentireareaofdistributionandtakeinto
account:
•
Allfisheryremovals
•
Thebiologyofthespecies
Determination: Fisheries management is concerned with all of whole stock units over its entire area of distributionandtakesintoaccountthebiologyofthethreespecies.However,by-catchdataislargelynot
collectedandalong-termprogramisrequiredtoprovidesufficientinformationtodetectanysignificant
changes of the impact of the fishery on bycatch species. A TAC has not been set since 2012 and the
assessmentteamgrantsconditionalapprovalbasedonthisbeingreviewedandatimelineputinplacefor
implementationofaTACbythenextsurveillanceaudit.
Middlingthreadherring,PacificthreadherringandSlenderthreadherringarepelagicspecieswhichform
coastalshoals.MiddlingthreadherringisdistributedfromLosAngelesBay(Ca,USA),intheGulfofCalifornia
totheBayofSachura,Peru(Lluch-Beldaetal.,1995).Pacificthreadherringandslenderthreadherringare
bothdistributedfromSantaRosalita,PacificcoastofBaja,California,MexicosouthwardtoPuntaSalandPunta
Picos,Peru.R8
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Figure1.Landingdistribution(darkgreypoints)ofsmallpelagicfisheryintheGCfrom2002to2007.R9
O.medirastre,O.libertateandO.bulleriareallmanagedasacomponentofthePelagicosmenores(small
pelagic)stock,fishedonlyinPacificwaters.Managementmeasuresinplaceinclude160mmminimumlanding
size,limitsonmaximumseinecapacity,andlimitedentry.TheredoesnotappeartobeaTACsetforthefishery
asawholenortheindividualspecies,althoughtheINPdoesmakerecommendations(700,000tforallsmall
pelagicspeciesinthe2012NationalFisheriesCharter).
FundingfromFundaciónProductorandtheWaltonFamilyFoundationwasusedtodevelopandimplementa
functionalobserverprogramforthefishery,with9newobservers.FundingwasadministeredbyCommunity
andBiodiversity,AC(COBI).InNovember2012,aseriesofworkshopswereheldtotrainobserversinseabird,
marine mammal and teleost identification, as well as vessel safety and protocols. However, the observer
programoperatedonlyfortwofishingseasonsin2013and2014.Along-termprogramisrequiredtoprovide
sufficientinformationtodetectanysignificantchangesoftheimpactofthefisheryonbycatchspecies.
R8-10
LEVELOFCOMPLIANCE
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A3.Managementactionsshouldbebasedonlong-termconservationobjectives
LOW
Managementactionsarenotbasedonlongtermmanagementobjectives.
MEDIUM Managementactionsarebasedonlongtermmanagementobjectives.Howevertheactionsarenotscientifically
formulated.
HIGH
Managementactionsarebasedonlongtermmanagementobjectives,andactionsaresciencebased.
Determination: Management actions are based on long term management objectives, and actions are sciencebased.Howeverthemanagementplanwasputinplacein2012andhasnotbeenreviewedsince,
theassessmentteamgrantsconditionalapprovalbasedonthisplanbeingreviewedevery3-5years.
TheSmallPelagicsManagementPlanwaspublishedinJuly2011(Nevarez-Martinezetal.2011)andthefinal
versionwaspassedintolawinNovemberof2012.ArelevantinsertioninthePlanisthedefinitionofguidance
toestablishreferencepoints.ABiologicallyAcceptableCatch(BAC)(equivalenttoaLimitReferencePoint)is
computedasafractionoftheestimatedMSY.ThePlanstatesthattheBACisa“prudentlevelofcatch”that
can vary between 5 and 25% of the estimated biomass. An additional definition in the Plan states that
overfishing “occurs when fishing takes place at a rate that is high enough to risk the stock’s ability to
continuouslyproduceMSYonthelongterm”.ThePlanfurtheradds,operationally,“inthefisheryofsmall
pelagics,overfishingoccursifthecatchexceedstheBAC”.
B. STOCKASSESSMENTPROCEDURESANDMANAGEMENTADVICE
LEVELOFCOMPLIANCE
B1.Researchinsupportoffisheriesconservationandmanagementshouldexist.
LOW
Researchtosupporttheconservationandmanagementofthestock,non-targetspeciesandphysicalenvironmentdoesnot
exist
MEDIUM Researchtosupporttheconservationandthemanagementofthestock,non-targetspeciesandphysicalenvironment
exists,howeverresearchprogrammescouldbesignificantlyimprovedtodecreasescientificadviceuncertainty.
HIGH
Researchtosupporttheconservationandthemanagementofthestock,non-targetspeciesandphysicalenvironmentexist,
andexistentresearchisconsideredmostadequateforthelongtermconservationofthetarget,non-targetandphysical
environment
Determination:FisheriesresearchinMexicoisconductedbyadedicatedscientificorganisation.Researchto supporttheconservationandthemanagementofthestock,non-targetspeciesandphysicalenvironment
exists, however research programmes could be significantly improved to decrease scientific advice
uncertainty.
ScientificresearchandadviceinsupportofthemanagementofMexicanfisheriesisprovidedbytheNational
Fisheries Institute (INP). The mission of the INP is to “Coordinate and conduct scientific and technological
research on fisheries and aquaculture resources with sustainability criteria for its management and
conservationandpromoteresearchschemeswiththeparticipationandfinancialsupportfromthesectors
involved”. This includes the development of stock-specific management plans, the maintenance of the
NationalFisheriesCharter,andtheplanningandconductingofresearchinsupportofthesefunctions.
TheNationalFisheriesCharterincludesannualestimatesoftotallandingsandspeciescompositioninthesmall
pelagicfishery,andalsomakesrecommendationsfortheleveloffishinginfutureyears.
Fisheries independent data is being collected via hydro-acoustic surveys which began in 2008. Findings
indicatethatinarelativesensetherewasageneralbiomassdecreaseinSardinesfrom2008to2010anda
slightincreaseinthelasttwoyears.Reportsofhydro-acuosticsurveysconductedbyINAPESCAidentifiedthat
itwouldbenecessarytocontinueworkingonground-truthingmethodstoassigntheoverallacousticenergy
tothedifferentspeciesinordertogeneratemorereliableestimatesofabundance.
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Figure2.Distributionofsmallpelagicspeciescapturedtoground-truthhydro-acousticsurveys,fromdifferent
locationsaroundtheGulfofCalifornia,Mexico,byyear(Nevárez-Martínezetal.2013).
LEVELOFCOMPLIANCE
B2.Bestscientificevidenceavailableshouldbetakenintoaccountwhendesigningconservationandmanagementmeasures.
LOW
Scientificadviceisnottakenintoaccountwhendesigningconservationandmanagementmeasures.
MEDIUM Scientificadviceistakenintoaccount,whendesigningconservationandmanagementmeasures.Howeversomeareasof
discrepancyareidentifiedthatcouldhaveasignificantimpactinthelongtermconservationofthemarineenvironment.
HIGH
Scientificadviceistakenintoaccount,whendesigningconservationandmanagementmeasures,inacomprehensive
manner.
Determination: Scientific advice is taken into account, when designing conservation and management measures,inacomprehensivemanner.
ThenewFMPdescribesthatsomespeciesaretobeactivelymanaged,whileotherswillbepassivelymanaged.
The purpose of these two categories of management is to use institutional resources as efficiently and
effectively as possible to meet management goals. O. medirastre, O. libertate and O. bulleri Opisthonema
medirastre are all actively managed. For species that are “actively managed” the Plan has added an MSYrd
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based control rule that, based on the application of a harvest rate, forces the catch to be reduced if the
biomassdeclinesuntileventually,ifabiomassthresholdisreached,thefisherystopsoperating.TheSmall
Pelagics Fisheries Management Plan indicates that to compute the harvest rate, different sources of
informationcanbeused,includingcatchandfisherydata(catchandeffort,sizes,agesandweights)aswellas
fisheryindependentdata(censusofeggsandlarvae,hydro-acousticdataetc.).
Thestatusofthreadherring,PacificherringandslenderherringhavebeenevaluatedusingVPA(NevarezMartinezetal2012)andasurplusproductionmodel(SPM;Nevarez-Martinezetal2015c).Resultsshowthat
eachstockhaseitherbeenstableforalongtimeorhavebeenincreasingsincethelate1990s.
Despite limitations in both analytical approaches (VPA and SPM), estimates of fishing mortality rates for
ThreadHerringarebelowthe0.25referencepointsuggestedbytheSmallPelagicsManagementPlan.
C. THEPRECAUTIONARYAPPROACH
LEVELOFCOMPLIANCE
C1.Theprecautionaryapproachisappliedintheformulationofmanagementplans.
LOW
Theprecautionaryapproachisnotappliedintheformulationofmanagementplans.
MEDIUM Theprecautionaryapproachisapplied,howevernotalluncertaintiesaretakenintoaccount.
HIGH
Theprecautionaryapproachisapplied,takingintoaccountuncertaintiesrelatingtothedynamicoffishpopulation
(recruitment,mortality,growthandfecundity),andtheimpactofthefishingactivities,suchasdiscardsandby-catchofnontargetspeciesaswellasonthephysicalenvironment(Habitats).
Determination:Theprecautionaryapproachisapplied,howevernotalluncertaintiesaretakenintoaccount. ThefisheryforsmallpelagicfishinMexicoismanagedusingacontrolrulethatisbasedonremovingafraction
oftheallowablebiomassaboveaminimumthreshold.Suchfractioncanoscillatebetween5and25%anditis
assumed that if “fraction is approximately equal to Fmsy, then the harvest rate in the control rule will not
exceedFmsy”.ThelanguageinthePlanisinterpretedsuchthatthisBAC(andthecorrespondingfraction)works
as a LRP and therefore is acting as a precautionary approach in the management of the fishery because,
althoughnoactualvaluehasbeenprovided,theTRPintermsoffishingmortalitywillbelowerthanthelevel
producingMSY.
D. MANAGEMENTMEASURES
LEVELOFCOMPLIANCE
D1.Theleveloffishingpermittedshouldbesetaccordingtomanagementadvicegivenbyresearchorganisations.
LOW
Theleveloffishingpermittedisnotsetaccordingtomanagementadvicegivenbyresearchorganisations.
MEDIUM Theleveloffishingpermittedishigherthanmanagementadvicegivenbyresearchorganisations.However,thedifference
isnotconsideredtohaveasignificantimpactofthesustainabilityofthestock
HIGH
Theleveloffishingpermittedissetaccordingtomanagementadvicegivenbyresearchorganisations.
Determination: The level of fishing permitted is set according to management advice given by research organisations.
Thetotalcatchofsmallpelagicsforthe2013/2014seasonwas293,686MTwhichis171,800MTsmallerthan
the2012/2013season.However,catchesofThreadHerringspeciesincreased.Theopportunisticnatureofthe
small pelagic fleet makes it difficult to interpret CPUE on a particular species, as the fleet prefers Pacific
sardine,butwillopportunisticallycaptureanyofthemarketablesmallpelagicspeciesitencounters.
Table1.Totallandings(MT)ofsmallpelagicspeciesintheGulfofCaliforniapurseseineFishery.R12
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Year
Total –Small Thread Herring spp./ Bycatch
Pelagics
Sardina
crinuda
(Opisthonemaspp.)
Boats
Nominaleffort
(trips)
12/13
465,486
101,814
5,649
51
3,601
13/14
293,686
133,452
564
49
2,685
There does not appear to be a TAC set for the fishery, although the INP does make recommendations
(700,000tforallsmallpelagicspeciesinthe2012NationalFisheriesCharter).
LEVELOFCOMPLIANCE
D2.Whereexcessfishingcapacityexist,mechanismsshouldbeinestablishedtoreducedcapacitytoallowfortherecoveryofthestockto
sustainablelevels.
LOW
Mechanismstoallowforrecoveryofthestocktosustainablelevelsarenotestablished.
MEDIUM Mechanismstoallowforrecoveryofthestocktosustainablelevelsaresomehowestablished.Howeverthereisno
evidenceoftheefficiencyofthemethodsused.
HIGH
Mechanismsareestablishedtoreducecapacitytoallowfortherecoveryofthestocktosustainablelevelsandthereare
evidencesofrecovery.
Determination: Mechanisms to allow for recovery of the stock to sustainable levels are somehow established.Howeverthereisnoevidenceoftheefficiencyofthemethodsused.
Despitethesteadyincreaseinoveralleffortonsmallpelagics,asshowninFigure3.Thenumberofboatsand
tripsfishingforthreadherringhasdeclinedfrom51boatsand3,601tripsin12/13to49boatsand2,685trips
in13/14.TheopportunisticnatureofthesmallpelagicfleetmakesitdifficulttointerpretCPUEonaparticular
species, as the fleet prefers Pacific sardine, but will opportunistically capture any of the marketable small
pelagicspeciesitencounters.
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Figure 3. Landings in tonnes by fishing season since 1970. In 2014, overall landings show a clear declining
trend from the 2007-2008 season, although the catch in the last season is about the average since 2000.
Reproducedfrom2015onsitepresentationtoMSCbyCRIPGuaymas,ProgramonSmallPelagics.
LEVELOFCOMPLIANCE
D3.Managementmeasuresshouldensurethatfishinggearandfishingpracticesdonothaveasignificantimpactonnon-targetspecies
andthephysicalenvironment.
LOW
Therearenomanagementmeasurestopreventtheimpactofthefishingmethodsandfishingpracticesonnon-target
speciesandthephysicalenvironment.
MEDIUM Therearemanagementmeasurestopreventtheimpactofthefishingmethodsandfishingpracticesonnon-targetspecies
andthephysicalenvironment.Howeveritisnotsciencebased.
HIGH
Therearemanagementmeasurestopreventtheimpactofthefishingmethodsandfishingpracticesonnon-targetspecies
andthephysicalenvironment.Measuresarebasedonscientificinformation.
Determination: Therearesomemanagementmeasurestopreventtheimpactofthefishingmethodsand fishingpracticesonnon-targetspeciesandthephysicalenvironment.Theobserverprogrammeshouldbe
reinstatedonalongtermbasisandmitigationstrategiesdevelopedandimplemented.
Thread herring in the Gulf of California are fished with purse seine nets. Compared to many other fishing
methodspurseseinegearisrelativelyselective,sinceitisdoneintheopenwatercolumnanddirectedat
schoolsoftargetedspecies.Fishingvesselscapturelargeaggregationsofsmallpelagicspeciesthatshoalin
mid-waterbysurroundingtheseconcentrationswithacurtainofnettingwhichissupportedbysurfacefloats.
Retainedspecies:thelastavailableseasonoflandings(2013/2014)werecomposedofBoconasardine(22%),
Anchoveta(11.5%),ThreadHerring,(45%)andMackerel(14%)(Martinezetal.,2014).R11
Bycatch species: The 2012 Small Pelagics Fisheries Management Plan (SAGARPA 2012) cites the following
speciesascomprisingbycatchand/ordiscardsinthesmallpelagicfishery:Rayadillo(Orthopristisspp.),Sierra
(Scomberomorusspp.),Yellowtail(Seriolaspp.),Skipjack(Katsuwonuspelamis),Giantsquid(Dosidicusgigas)
and Cochito (Balistes polylepis) but none are amongst species that are numerically common, as noted by
observers.
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Figure4.Capturesoffish,byabundance,asbycatchinthesmallpelagicpurseseinefisheryJanuary2013–
August2014(PadillaSerratoetal.2015).
ETPspecies:MonitoringofETPoccurredduringtheobserverprogramin2013/2014andresultsarepresented
belowinTable2.Somemitigationmeasureswerenotedtobepartiallyinplacesuchas“Scaring,byspraying
waterwithapressurehosetokeepbirdsawayfromthebuoylineofthenet.”(PadillaSerratoet.al.2015).
Continuedmonitoringandmitigationstrategiesneedtobedeveloped.
Table 2. ETP species captured in observed purse seine sets (n=2,134) from January 2013 – August 2014.
Columns give the species Spanish common name, Latin name, observed sets, percentage of all individuals
within each species guild, total number of organisms observed and the number of organisms with lethal
interactions(PadillaSerratoetal.2015).Speciesguildsgivenasgreyheadings,groupingtaxonomicallyrelated
speciestogether.
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Habitat:ThepurseseinefleetintheGulfofCaliforniasmallpelagicsfisheryoperatesinmid-waterbetween
40and100meterdepthsandgenerallyavoidsbottomcontact.Contactisintentionallyavoidedasthesmall
meshnylonnettingiseasilydamaged.Thereisnodocumentedevidencethatthisfishingactivityoranypurse
seininghashadirreversibleeffectsonanymarinehabitat.
E. IMPLEMENTATION
LEVELOFCOMPLIANCE
E1.ThereshouldbeaframeworkforsanctionsofviolationofLawsandregulations.
LOW
AframeworkforsanctionsofviolationofLawsandregulationsdonotefficientlyexist.
MEDIUM AframeworkforsanctionsofviolationofLawsandregulationsdoexistbutdonotworkefficiently.
HIGH
AframeworkforsanctionsofviolationofLawsandregulationsexistsandisproventobeefficient.
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Determination: AframeworkforsanctionsofviolationofLawsandregulationsexistsandisproventobe efficient.
TheFisheriesLaw(LeyGeneraldePescayAcuaculturaSustentables2007)laysdownthedetailsofinfractions
(Article132)andthesanctions(Article133)tobeapplied.
Sanctionsinclude
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Awarning,reprimand
Fine(Article138detailsthehowthefinesaredetermined)
Additionalfinesforeverydaytheinfractionpersists
Administrativearrestfor36hours
Temporary/permanentpartialortotalclosureoftheinstallationswheretheinfractionsoccurred
Confiscationofvesselsorvehicles,fisheryequipmentand/orproductsobtainedbyaquacultureor
fishingdirectlyrelatedtotheinfractionscommitted
Suspensionorrevocationofcorrespondingfishingpermits,concessionsorauthorisations.
LEVELOFCOMPLIANCE
E2.Amanagementsystemforfisheriescontrolandenforcementshouldbeestablished.
LOW
Amanagementsystemforfisheriescontrolandenforcementisnotestablished.
MEDIUM Amanagementsystemforfisheriescontrolandenforcementisestablishedbutdonotworkefficiently.
HIGH
Amanagementsystemforfisheriescontrolandenforcementisestablishedandworkefficiently.
Determination: A management system for fisheries control and enforcement is established and works efficiently.
TheSecretariatofEnvironmentandNaturalResources(SEMARNAT),theFederalAttorneyforEnvironmental
Protection(PROFEPA),Marina(MexicanNavy)andNationalDefense(SEDENA)andtheNationalCommission
on Security (CNS), the Federal Police, and the National Commission of Aquaculture and Fisheries
(CONAPESCA),worktogetherundertheCentrodeOperacionesInterinstitutionales(COI)SanFelipedirected
bytheCommandantoftheNavalSector.TheycarryoutsurveillanceoperationsintheUpperGulfofCalifornia
by adding equipment and personnel to promote the protection and combat illegal trafficking of marine
resources.
Thisinter-institutionalprogramme2015-2016hasresultedin:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1,424training,theinspectionof2,794landings,10,888people,2,579vehicles,48installationsand
252boats,
Theprovisionof3vessels,108boats,77people,17vehicles
23specimensand308haulsoftotoaba(Totoabamacdonaldi)–criticallythreatenedspeciesonIUCN
redlist
505articlesoffishinggear
106tonesoffishproduct
17tonnesofcoral
Rescuedaliveawhale,onetotoabaand11turtles
Monitoringof196fishinggrounds,26landingsites,237fishingfacilitiesandinstalling36checkpoints
and58airsurveillanceoperations.
There is effective monitoring of each fishing boat’s position at all times through a compulsory satellite
detectionsystemandsubjecttosanctions.
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EachandeverylandingoperationissampledbytechnicalpersonnelfromtheCentroRegionaldeInvestigación
Pesquera(CRIP,RegionalCenterforFisheriesResearch,abranchofINAPESCA).
Personnel from CONAPESCA, formally identified, perform regular and frequent inspection visits to fish
processingplantsandboatstoassertthatallnormsandpreceptsoftheregulationarefullycompliedwith.
Thereisnoevidenceofsystematicnon-compliance.
R13
7. KEYSTAKEHOLDERS
8. REFERENCES
R1-FishBaseOpisthonemamedirastrepicturebyBéarez,P.
http://www.fishbase.org/Photos/PicturesSummary.php?ID=1485&what=species
R2-SecretaríadeAgricultura,Ganadaría,DesarrolloRural,PescayAlimentación,SAGARPA
http://www.gob.mx/sagarpa/que-hacemos
R3-FisheriesManagementPlanfortheminorpelagicspecies(Plandemanejopesqueroparalapesqueríade
pelágicosmenores)http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle_popup.php?codigo=5276945
R4-ReglamentodelaLeydePesca2014NOM-003-SAG/PESC-2014
http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5374148&fecha=04/12/2014
R5–ComisiónNationaldeacuaculturalypescahttp://www.conapesca.gob.mx/wb/
R6-InstitutoNacionaldePescahttp://www.inapesca.gob.mx/portal/index.php
R7-NationalFisheriesCharter(CartaNacionalPesquera)
http://www.inapesca.gob.mx/portal/documentos/publicaciones/carta-nacional-pesquera/Carta-Nacional-Pesquera2012.pdf
R8-Lluch-Belda,D.,M.J.Arvizu,S.Hernández-Vázquez,D.Lluch-Cota,A.C.Salinas-Zavala,T.Baumgartner,G.
Hammann,A.Cota-Villavicencio,C.E.Cotero-A.,W.García-Franco,O.Pedrín-Osuna,S.Lizárraga-Saucedo,M.A.
Martínez-Zavala,R.Morales-Azpeitia,M.O.Nevárez-Martínez,J.P.Santos-Molina,R.I.Ochoa-Báez,R.Rodríguez-
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Sánchez,J.R.Torres-VillegasyF.Páez-Barrera.1995.AtlasPesquerodeMéxico.PesqueríasRelevantes.Secretaríade
Pesca/InstitutoNacionaldePesca/UniversidaddeColima(Cenedic).
R9.EdgarLanz,ManuelO.Nevárez-Martínez,JuanaLópez-Martínez&JuanA.Dworak.Spatialdistributionand
speciescompositionofsmallpelagicfishesintheGulfofCalifornia
Rev.Biol.Trop.(Int.J.Trop.Biol.ISSN-0034-7744)Vol.56(2):575-590,June2008
R10.MSCGulfofCaliforniaMexicanSardineFisheryhttps://www.msc.org/track-a-fishery/fisheries-in-theprogram/certified/pacific/gulf-of_california-mexico-sardine/assessment-downloads-1/20160219_SR_SAR52.pdf
R11-Martinez-Zavala,M.A..2014.EstimacionesDeAlgunosPuntoDeReferenciaParaLaSardinaCrinudaYSardina
MonterreyDelGolfoDeCalifornia.CentroRegionaldeInvestigaciónPesquera(Guaymas,Sonora,México).
Unpublisheddata
R12-Nevarez-MartinezM.O.,M.A.Martinez-Zavala,M.E.Gonzalez-Corona,J.P.Santos-Molina,andA.E.LopezLagunas.2015d.EvaluacionpoblacionaldelasardinaMonterrey(Sardinopssagax)enelGolfodeCalifornia,Mexico,
1971/72-2013/2014.InformeTecnico.SAGARPA-INAPESCA/CRIPGuaymas.24pp.
R13–PROFEPAwebsiteAUTORIDADESFEDERALESINTENSIFICANVIGILANCIANOCTURNAENELALTOGOLFODE
CALIFORNIA
http://www.profepa.gob.mx/innovaportal/v/8185/1/mx/autoridades_federales_intensifican_vigilancia_nocturna_en
_el_alto_golfo_de_california.html
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