How to test NFC phones in security demanding environments Hajo Sandschneider, COMPRION GmbH

How to test NFC phones in security
demanding environments
Hajo Sandschneider, COMPRION
GmbH
WIMA, Monaco, 2011
Agenda
 Introducing COMPRION
 Testing the NFC Communication Chain
 Current Status of NFC Conformance Testing
 Requirements for Test Tools
Introducing COMPRION
The Company
 Developing, producing and selling test equipment for mobile equipment
(ME), Smart Cards and ME/card interfaces
 World wide sales representatives
 Headquarters in Paderborn, Germany
 Company in private hands
 Owned and managed by:
 Dr. Torsten Maeser
 Michael Wehmeier
History
2004:
IT³ Move!
First
COMPRION
trace tool
2002:
Company
founded
IT³ Platform
First terminal
conformance
tester
2002
2004
2008:
CLT Move
First contactless
trace tool
2007:
ICC Spectro
First smart card
test tool
COMPRION
SIMfony
First solution
for combined
handset testing
(GSM/W-CDMA)
2007
2008
2009:
CLT ONE
First
contactless
simulator
2009
2010:
COMPRION
SIMfony
Solution for
combined
handset
testing for
LTE and
CDMA2000
2010
2011:
UT³
Platform
NFC
conformance
testing
2011
Standardisation and Regulation
3GPP CT6
3GPP2 TSG-C
ETSI SCP
GCF
PTCRB
CCF
ETSI Plugtests
NFC Forum
Global Platform
Testing the NFC Communication Chain
Elements of NFC Communication
ME
UICC
Uu
ISO 7816
IC-USB
ETSI 102.600
SWP/HCI
ETSI 102.613
ETSI 102.622
SPI, I²C, USB
SPI, I²C, USB
NCI
CLF
NFC
Device
NFC-A,-B,-F
ISO 14443
ISO 18092
SE
I²C
NFC-WI
ECMA 373
Conformance Testing
 „Fulfilment by a product, process or service of all requirements
specified.” ETSI ETR022 (ISO9646)
 IUT is evaluated or measured against a standard.
 Dedicated test system that has full control and observes the IUT's
behaviour.
 Test system simulates the interface to the IUT according to the
standard.
 The tests are performed on accessible standardised interfaces.
Conformance Testing of NFC Mobiles
ETSI TS 102 230
3GPP 31.121
UICC
Simulator
ME
ISO 7816
ETSI TS 102 922-1
IC-USB
ETSI TS 102 694
ETSI TS 102 695
SWP/HCI
NFC
Device
Simulator
NFC Forum
Digital Protocol
Tag Operation
NFC-A,-B,-F
CLF
Interoperability Testing
 „Interoperability: The ability of two or more systems or components to
exchange information and to use the information that has been
exchanged.” IEEE glossary
 The Equipment Under Test (EUT) and Qualified Equipment (QE) come
from different suppliers (or, at least, different product lines)
 Interoperability tests are performed at interfaces that offer only normal
user control and observation
 Interoperability tests are based on functionality as experienced by a
user
 The tests are performed and observed at functional interfaces such as
Man-Machine Interfaces (MMIs), protocol service interfaces and
Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)
Interoperability testing of NFC Mobiles
ME
UICC
Uu
ISO 7816
IC-USB
SPI, I²C, USB
SPI, I²C, USB
SWP/HCI
CLF
NFC
Device
SE
I²C
NFC-A,-B,-F
Current Status of NFC Conformance Testing
ETSI SWP/HCI Test Case Specifications
 Standardisation
-
Under control of ETSI SCP
Terminal test specifications have been approved beginning of 2010
 Specifications
-
ETSI TS 102 694-1:
SWP terminal test specification
ETSI TS 102 695-1:
HCI terminal test specification (mobiles)
ETSI TS 102 965-3:
designs)
HCI terminal test specification (reference
 SWP/HCI features as low-level HCI transport, link management gate,
administration gate, ACT frames, link establishment and data flow
 24 combined tests, requiring NFC device simulator
 10 test cases require enhanced analogue measurement capabilities.
SWP/HCI Test Case Certification
 Global Certification Forum (GCF)
-
GCF approved Work Item #133 introducing SWP and HCI
-
40+ tests validated against real handsets
Test case list has been agreed and introduced into GCF DCC data
base
 PCS Type Certification Review Board (PTCRB)
-
PTCRB have issued a Request for Test for what they call NFC
testing, covering the same test specifications as GCF WI#133
-
First tests validated against real handsets
NFC Forum: Compliance Program Objectives
Develop a means of establishing compliance with the Forum’s
published open standards and interoperability of NFC devices
Develop a product certification program with
a consumer-recognizable trademark
guaranteeing the NFC-brand promise of
compliance and interoperability
When a device passes certification testing,
the N-Mark can be used to indicate the spot
on the device where it reads NFC tags.
Technical Architecture
Card Emulation
Reader / Writer
Peer-to-Peer
Connection Handover
RTD
(record type definitions)
NDEF
(NFC data exchange
format)
Protocol Bindings
(IP, OBEX etc)
Tag Operation
(Types 1, 2, 3, 4a, 4b)
LLCP
(Logical Link Control
Protocol)
Activity (Listen mode state machine, device activation, collision detection, data exchange)
Digital Protocol (NFC-A, NFC-B, NFC-F modulation, ISO-DEP, NFC-DEP
RF Analog (Signal interface NFC-A, NFC-B, NFC-F)
Status of NFC Forum Testing and Certification


Compliance program started end of 2010 (1st wave of certification)
Scope:






246 Test Cases for Digital Protocol (including Activity test cases)
11 Test Cases for Type 1 Tag Operation
6 Test Cases for Type 2 Tag Operation
8 Test Cases for Type 3 Tag Operation
5 Test Cases for Type 4 Tag Operation
Digital protocol TCs comprise polling and listening mode TC for NFCA, NFC-B, NFC-F, tag platforms 1 to 4b, NDEF and P2P
Status of NFC Forum testing and certification


NFC Forum plans 2nd wave of certification starting early 2012
Scope:



LLCP (Logical Link Control Protocol based on P2P mode)
RF Analog test specification under development





RF Analog
Stable draft
RF Analog test comprise polling and listening device tests
About 40 TCs with different conditions
LLCP test specificaion work just started
Test will be mandated when 2nd wave starts
Requirements for Test Tools
Test Tool Requirements (for NFC Mobiles)

Synchronized simulation and monitoring of contactless and contactbased NFC communication

Ability to perform digital test cases (SWP/HCI and DP/TO/LLCP)




NFC Device Simulator
Smart Card Simulator
Ability to perform analog test cases (SWP and RF Analog)

Analog measurement and analysis capabilities (Digital sampling
oscilloscope or data acquisition card)

Analog conformance of the simulated interfaces with all NFC
related standards (specialized waveform generator)
GCF, PTCRB and NFC Forum validated
Thank you!