HOW TO: Design Mobile Ad Hoc Networks and Protocols January 23, 2007

Transcription

OPNET Technologies, Inc.
HOW TO: Design Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
and Protocols
January 23, 2007
Best Practice Approaches for Accelerating Network R&D
OPNET Confidential – Not for release to third parties
© 2006 OPNET Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. OPNET and OPNET product names are trademarks of OPNET Technologies, Inc.
About OPNET Technologies, Inc.
Corporate Overview
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Founded in 1986
Publicly traded (NASDAQ: OPNT)
HQ in Bethesda MD
460 employees
Worldwide presence through direct offices and channel partners
Cisco worldwide OEM
Best-in-class Software and Services
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Application Performance Management
Network Operations
Capacity Planning and Design
Network R&D
Strong Financial Track Record
In Recognition of
Visionary use of
Information
Technology
• Long history of profitability
• Revenues of $88M as of Q4 2006
• Approximately 25% of revenue re-invested in R&D
Broad Customer Base
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Network World
Top 200
Corporate Enterprises
Government Agencies/DoD
Service Providers
R&D Organizations
OPNET Confidential – Not for release to third parties © 2006 OPNET Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. OPNET and OPNET product names are trademarks of OPNET Technologies, Inc.
Online Technology Workshop
AGENDA
HOW TO: Design Mobile Ad Hoc Networks and Protocols
Best Practice Approaches for Accelerating Network R&D
Learn how to:
• Evaluate the performance of networks applying different MANET design
parameters
• Incorporate OPNET models for OLSR, OSPFv3, DSR, and AODV into
MANET studies
• Leverage an open MANET framework to interface MANET routing models
with IPv4, IPv6, WLAN, and more
MANET Capabilities in OPNET
• MANET routing protocols
–AODV
–DSR
–OLSR
–OSPFv3
–TORA
• Environment
–Embedded in routers, workstations and server nodes
–Open source for adding new MANET protocols and customizing existing protocols
• Interface to IP
–MANET protocols use IP’s
• Addressing
• Forwarding capabilities
–OPNET’s IP is dual-stack capable (IPv4 and IPv6)
–All MANET routing protocols support both IPv4 and IPv6
MANET Capabilities in OPNET (cont.)
• Wireless Capabilities
–Abstracted from wireless MAC layer
–OPNET MANET nodes use 802.11x for wireless MAC
• 802.11a, 11b, 11e. 11g
–Can take advantage of wireless module capabilities
• Terrain
• Wireless domain
• Antenna
• Pipelines
• Trajectories
• Random mobility
–Connectivity with the wired network
• Analysis Tools
–Statistics, diagnostics and reports are available
–Route-tracing and animation
Performance Benchmark
72 hours simulated, MANET routing, terrain,
mobility
• Real-time w/ 5000 nodes, low traffic
• 100X real-time w/ 50 nodes, heavy traffic
• 5X real-time w/ 1000 nodes, medium traffic
OPNET platform for discrete event simulation
OPNET wireless acceleration techniques
Confirmed on COTS Windows/Intel + port to Linux/PPC
(Routing protocol: AODV)
Discrete Event Simulation Kernel Performance
OPNET Discrete Event Simulation Kernel Performance
(11.5 vs 12.0)
2500000
1.8
54%
1.6
33%
1.4
18%
1.2
1500000
11.5 events/sec
1
12.0 events/sec
Speedup factor
1000000
0.8
0.6
0.4
500000
0.2
0
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Wireline packet transmission
Wireless packet broadcast
Node movement along trajectories
Performance of specific kernel computations enhanced for 12.0
Speedup Factor
Events Per Sec
2000000
Discrete Event Simulation Model Performance
OPNET Discrete Event Simulation Model Performance
(11.5 vs 12.0)
11.5 execution time
250
7
12.0 execution time
633%
Speedup factor
6
200
150
4
295%
100
295%
3
2
220%
50
1
0
0
AODV
BGP
OLSR
OSPFv3
Performance of specific protocol models enhanced for 12.0, 100-200 nodes per model
Speedup Factor
Execution Time (secs)
5
Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR)
Model Features
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Neighbor detection
MPR selection
Topology discovery
Routing table computation
IPv4 / IPv6 support
Uses IP common route table
Debugging and Simulation Tracing
Can be configured on
–MANET stations
–WLAN workstations and servers
–Routers (with single/multiple WLAN interfaces)
• Referenced RFC 3626
AODV Model Features
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Route discovery
Hello messages
Route maintenance
Gratuitous reply
Local repair
Expanding ring search
IPv4 / IPv6 support
Uses IP common route table
Debugging and Simulation Tracing
–MANET stations
–Routers (with single/multiple WLAN interfaces)
DSR Model Features
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Route Discovery
Route Maintenance
Route Cache
Replying to route requests using cached routes
Non-propagating route request
Packet Salvaging
Automatic Route Shortening
IPv4 / IPv6 support
–MANET stations
• Referenced DSR Internet Draft (February 24, 2003)
OSPFv3 Model Features
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Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)
Link state routing
Equal cost/Multi-path routing
Hello protocol
Multiple OSPF Areas
Route Redistribution
Designated Router Election
Support for MANET Designated Routers
–MANET stations
Help Documents and Links
• Model User Guide in OPNET documentation
–AODV Model User Guide
–DSR Model User Guide
–OLSR Model User Guide
–OSPF Model User Guide
• Example networks
–“MANET” example project (under <models/std/example_networks>)
• OPNETWORK 2006 Sessions
–1345 Planning and Analyzing Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks
–1527 Accelerating Wireless Simulations Using Scalability Techniques
–1816 Introduction to WiFi
–1820 Introduction to MANET
–1829 Advanced Topics in MANET--Multicast, QoS, and Security
–1941 Understanding MANET Model Internals and Interfaces
–Note: OPNETWORK proceedings can be accessed through
www.opnet.com/opnetwork/
Getting More Information
• Upcoming Conferences
–AFCEA West 2007: San Diego, Jan 31 – Feb 2
–IPv6 Summit: Reston, March 27-29
–23rd National Space Symposium: Colorado Springs, April 9-12
–ITEC: Cologne, Germany, April 24-26
–http://www.opnet.com/news/events/conferences.html
• Upcoming Online Tech Workshops in Designing and Analyzing Mobile Ad
Hoc Networks series
–HOW TO: Model and Simulate Wireless Propagation Incorporating Environmental
Effects: Jan 30
–HOW TO: Enhance Mobile Ad Hoc Network Planning with OPNET's 3D Network
Visualizer: Feb 6
–http://www.opnet.com/TechWorkshops/
• For Additional Information:
–Visit OPNET’s website at www.opnet.com
–Email info@opnet.com
–Call: (240) - 497- 3000
OPNET Technologies, Inc.
Appendix
OPNET Confidential – Not for release to third parties
© 2006 OPNET Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. OPNET and OPNET product names are trademarks of OPNET Technologies, Inc.
Randomly placing n nodes in network
• Create new scenario with specific size
• Choose Topology Æ Rapid Configuration
• Configuration: Unconnected Net
Rapid Configuration: Example
Configuring MANET Protocol
• Three ways to configure MANET routing protocol
–On individual end-stations
• Edit-Attributes Æ AD-HOC Routing Parameters Æ AD-HOC Routing
Protocol
–Individual interfaces of routers
• Edit-Attributes Æ IP Routing Parameters Æ Interface Information Æ
Routing Protocol(s)
–All interfaces in the scenario
• IP Dynamic Routing Protocol (global attribute)
• Global assignment that ignores configuration on individual interfaces
Configuring MANET Routing Protocol
Statistics
MANET Architecture
3
2
1
Topology/ Route
Discovery
Application
MANET Routing Protocol
Populates IP
Forwarding Table
IP
IP lookup for
forwarding
Maintains
Lower layer
Maintains
protocol specific
routing table
IP Forwarding
Table
Data Traffic
Model Architecture (OLSR)
manet_rte_mgr
child process
OLSR
NOTE: OLSR sits over UDP
Model Architecture (AODV, DSR, TORA)
ip_dispatch
child process
manet_mgr
child process
DSR
AODV
TORA/IMEP
OLSR Model Files
olsr_rte.pr.m
• olsr_rte.pr.m (main process model)
• Generates/processes OLSR control packets
• Maintains OLSR tables and updates IP common routing table
• olsr.h – defines OLSR table structures
• olsr_pkt_support.h – defines OLSR packet formats
• olsr_support.h/ex.c – defines OLSR support functions
OLSR – Tables
Periodic Hello Msg with Neighbor interface info
Link Set
Table
Nbr Set
Table
2-hop nbr
set Table
MPR Selector
Set Table
TC message
Topology set
Table
MPR set
Table
Routing Table Re-calculation
Packet Flow - OLSR
Application layer
UDP
manet_rte_mgr
Control Packet
from / to Olsr
Control Packet
olsr
IP routing process
Control Packet
from / to lower
layer
Data packet processed
by IP Forwarding Table
Data Packet
MAC/physical layer
Configuring AODV
AODV Model Files
• Process model (<opnet_dir>/std/manet)
–aodv_rte
• Generates/processes AODV control packets
• Maintains AODV routing tables and updates IP common routing table
• Header files (<opnet_dir>/std/include)
–aodv.h - Defines constants, data structure for route, request & connectivity tables
–aodv_pkt_support.h - Defines packet type and structures (rreq, rrep, rerr)
–aodv_ptypes.h - Function prototypes for external files
• External Source: C code (<opnet_dir>/std/manet)
–aodv_pkt_queue.ex.c
–aodv_pkt_support.ex.c
–aodv_request_table.ex.c
–aodv_route_table.ex.c
–aodv_support.ex.c
Data Traffic Packet Flow - AODV
• Data packet from application layer
Application layer
IP
Packet from
upper layer (1)
ip_dispatch
Packet from
MANET (7)
IP routing process
Packet to IP
routing
process (6)
Packet to
MANET (4)
manet_mgr
Processing
(2)
output interface
(5)
dsr
tora
aodv
Route discovery
Packet to lower
layer (3)
MAC/physical layer
Legends
(2) – (3): Pkt for
forwarding
(4) – (7): Pkt with no
route to forward
Data Traffic Packet Flow - AODV
• Data packet from lower layer
Application layer
Packet to upper
layer (5)
IP
ip_dispatch
Packet from
MANET (9)
Packet to upper
layer (4)
Packet to IP
routing
process (8)
Packet to
MANET (6)
IP routing process
manet_mgr
Processing
(2)
Packet from
lower layer
output interface
(7)
dsr
(1)
tora
aodv
Route discovery
Packet to lower
layer (3)
Legends
(2) – (3): Pkt for
forwarding
(4) – (5): Pkt destined
for this node
(6) – (9): Pkt with no
route to forward
MAC/physical layer
AODV Control Packet Flow
Application layer
IP
ip_dispatch
Packet to IP
routing
process
Packet
from
MANET Packet to
IP routing process
Packet from
lower layer
MANET
output interface
manet_mgr
dsr
tora
aodv
Packet to lower
layer
MAC/physical layer
Configuring DSR
DSR Model Files
• Process model (<opnet_dir>/std/manet)
–dsr_rte
• Generates / processes DSR control packets
• Maintain DSR routing tables
• Processes / forwards data packets
• Header files (<opnet_dir>/std/include)
–dsr.h - Defines constants, data structure for route cache, send buffer,
maintenance buffer
–dsr_pkt_support.h - Defines packet types and structures (rreq, rrep,
rerr)
–dsr_ptypes.h - Function prototypes for external files
• External Source: C code (<opnet_dir>/std/manet)
–dsr_maintenance_buffer.ex.c
–dsr_route_cache.ex.c
–dsr_route_discovery.ex.c
–dsr_send_buffer.ex.c
–dsr_support.ex.c
–dsr_pkt-support.ex.c
–dsr_notif_log_support.ex.c

HOW TO: Design Mobile Ad Hoc Networks and Protocols January 23, 2007

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