Daniel B. Oerther Environmental Research Center

Daniel B. Oerther
Environmental Research Center
Daniel.Oerther@mst.edu
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Sustainable development
Biofuels
Obesity epidemic
Population and density
Membrane (bio)reactors
Sustainable Development
• 2 billion people living
on $2/day need basic
needs to be met
– Maslow’s hierarchy of
needs (air, water, food,
shelter)
• Technology ideas:
– Indoor cook stove, play
pump, climate change
resistant crops, ISSB
Biofuels
• Food plus energy from
crops = use more water
and generate more
polluted runoff
• Treatment of disperse,
nutrient rich, waste
streams  how to
recycle nutrients (esp
phosphorus)
http://www.ecofriend.org/images/ebio_4773.jpg
Obesity Epidemic
• 1 in 3 adults (and
children) are obese
• Costs $5,000/person/yr
• Attributed to poor diet
and lack of exercise
• May also be due to
‘obesogens’
http://www.getamericafit.org/images/american-obesity-trends.gif
Population and Density
• 50% of humanity lives
in cities (80% of USA)
• Opportunities to reduce
impacts through scale
• Danger of sprawl
creating worse impacts
– Urban planning lies
between architectural
engineering and civil
engineering
Membrane (bio)reactors
• Fabrication
(functionality)
• Applications (water,
water, everywhere…)
• Anti fouling
US Army Engineer School
Directorate of Environmental
Integration
Our mission:
We are Army’s Proponent for operational
environmental issues.
Bob Danner
Director
Contingency operating bases produce all waste streams
common to any small municipality but with no pre-existing
infrastructure.
Environmental and Sustainability
Solid Waste
Per soldier waste generation:
in a 2003 study 15.8 #/day and in a 2006 study 18.2 #/day
This shows a 15% increase in all studied waste streams over a 3 year
period between studies.
In March of 2010 long term use of Open Air Burn Pits was halted by
the Under Secretary of Defense.
Unfortunately while the intent of this policy change is laudable, we
currently don’t have the means to provide Innovative Landfill designs,
Waste to Energy Systems, and Water reuse technologies to the
operational army.
More research and development needed to bring technologically
superior but operationally simple systems into the Army to solve these
issues.
Deployable Wastewater
Treatment systems
Soldiers produced about 2 pounds
per day of sewage sludge
Human waste must be treated to
avoid disease causing conditions in
the environment.
Systems must be deployable,
expandable and easy to
operate/maintain.
Our concerns:
1. We need a more responsive process to get
innovative technologies into the operational Army.
2. We need to integrate sustainable systems of systems
into the operational Army Culture.
3. We need to practice better waste management
techniques to reduce, reuse, and recycle wastes to
reduce the need for technical treatment options.
Department of Engineering Management
and Systems Engineering, S&T
Contact: Suzanna Long, longsuz@mst.edu
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Sustainability as a Sociotechnical System
Civil Infrastructure Systems
Sustainability and the Smart Grid
Alternative Energy Sources
Sustainability and Change Resistance
Sustainability as a Sociotechnical
System Component
• What is Sustainability? No good definition
exists!
• Must consider the human elements as well as
the technical
• What quantitative and qualitative metrics are
most useful in determining sustainability?
• EMSE Faculty: Long, Grasman
Civil Infrastructure Systems
• Cradle to grave logistics
systems
• Capacity modeling
• Energy reduction
• Supply/demand as part of
the supply chain
• EMSE Faculty: Long, Grasman, Cudney, Corns,
Gosavi, Guardiola
Sustainability and the Smart Grid
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The future smart grid will encompass all
of the following features:
– Flexibility – fulfilling customer’s needs
while responding to changes and
challenges ahead;
– Accessibility – granting connection
access to all network users,
particularly for renewable power
sources and high efficiency local
generation;
– Reliability – assuring and improving
security and quality of supply;
– Economy – providing the best value
through innovation, energy efficient
management, competition, and
regulation.
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EMSE Faculty: Long, Corns, Grasman
Alternative Energy Sources
• Supply chain logistics
• Energy performance and
life cycle costing
• Market-based technology
innovation
• Lessons learned from nonrenewable consumption
patterns
• EMSE Faculty: Grasman, Corns, Long
Problem of Change Resistance
• Humans Fear Change
because of:
– Loss of control
– Loss of power
– Loss the familiar
• Many technology-focused
projects fail because
change environment is not
properly managed!
• EMSE Faculty: Long
U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency
Brenda Groskinsky
Science Policy Advisor and
Office of Research & Development Science Liaison
for Region 7
901 N. 5th St.
Kansas City, KS 66101
(913) 551-7188
groskinsky.brenda@epa.gov
U.S. EPA Office of Research & Development
Research Program
Realigned w/ EPA Administrator’s Priorities
•* Air/Climate Energy
* Sustainable
Communities
* Safer Products for a
Sustainable World
•* Safe and Sustainable
Water Resources
* Human Health Risk
Assessment
* Homeland Security
Research
Examples of U.S. EPA Region 7
Challenges and Opportunities
U.S. EPA Region 7 Overview
•Workable water quality solutions to
deal w/ hypoxia and other surface
water quality issues
• Sustainable practices for agriculture
• Biofuels and Biogas
• Economically feasible technology
and built environment solutions for
improved energy efficiency
• Small Community Environmental
and Human Health Issues
• Emergency Response
• Lead Remediation
Joel G. Burken
Environmental Research Center
Burken@mst.edu
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Sustainable development
Environmental impacts of Δ infrastructure
Integrated environmental infrastructure
Energy of environmental processes
Implementation and change impacts
Sustainable development
• 2 billion people living on $2/day need basic
needs to be met
– Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (air, water, food, shelter)
• As these (and billions to come) strive to advance
the development will impact the earth (fact) and
the direct impact to human health will be
substantial… but should be minimized.
• Engineering & Science and Education for
maximizing social benefit and minimizing impact
Big Δ infrastructure =
New Environmental Issues
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Process contaminants
Fugitive contaminants
Water Footprint
Carbon Footprint
Nitrogen Footprint
??? Nano-contaminants
Nuclear, rare earths
http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/
ToxicPhlebotinum
Integrated environmental
infrastructure
• LCA on social design
and natural treatment
• Design systems with the
treatment integrated in
the infrastructure
• Green buildings =
healthy and efficient
Environment’s energy
• Cognizant energy
efficiency and
minimization in
environmental systems
• Life Cycle Energy in design
of env. infrastructure
• Generation of energy in
some environmental
systems
Implementation and
change impacts
• Change is going to be
more at personal
decision levels.
• Citizen engineers and
scientists
• Smart societal choices
will always beat smart
engineering choices to
fix later…
Collaborative Interests
Joe Engeln
Assistant Director for Science and
Technology
Missouri’s Energy Future
• Assessing new energy sources
• Assessing environmental risks and
benefits
• Energy conservation
• Carbon capture and sequestration
Missouri’s Lead Legacy
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Water pollution challenges
Assessment techniques
Impact assessment
Remediation
State and Federal Partners
Emerging Contaminants
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Hormone disrupters or enhancers
Nano-scale technologies
Assessing risks and impacts
Outside current regulatory authority
Environmental Techniques
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Innovative remediation techniques
Vapor intrusion
Long Term Stewardship
Sampling, analysis, impact studies
Community Assistance
• Engineering studies for small communities
• Fast assessments – risk-based approach
Joon-Ho Choi
Architectural Engineering Program
choij@mst.edu
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Lesson from Campus Buildings
Passive (Design) System
Geothermal Energy
Systems Integration
Ecological Footprint
Campus Building as a Research Tool
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Building sizes
System types
Orientations
Building materials
Utility bill records
Sub-meters
Which one is the best or
worst?
Passive Design Strategies
Daylighting
Shading
Night ventilation
Solar heating
Natural conditioning
Solar heating
Natural conditioning
Geothermal Energy
MO
• MO: suitable for
Geothermal Heat
Pumps.
• 40% to 70% less energy
than conventional
systems
http://geotherma.blogspot.com/2008/08/geothermal-energy-companies-including.html
Campus Ground as Power Plant
Ball State University, IN
• Saving $2 million a year
in operating costs and
replacing four aging
coal-fired boilers.
• 50% reduction in
carbon footprint.
• Heating and cooling 45
buildings cross 660 acre
campus.
Systems Integration
Health
• Systems integration to
create win-win solutions
Wellbeing
Productivity
Systems
Integration
Energy
Resources
Economy
Environment
– Increase quality of life within
and outside buildings
– Reduce resource
requirements
– Secure US competitiveness
Ecological footprint
• We need 5.3 planets to
support us.
• Campus footprint is much
larger than a community.
• Foot, trash, transportation,
service items, electronic
waste, etc.
• Where to start for Green
Campus?
Traffic Management Systems
Missouri University of Science & Technology
Environmental Summit
December 15, 2010
Luis Lopez
Republic ITS, a Siemens Company
LLopez@RepublicITS.com
© Siemens 2010. All rights reserved.
Overview
•Motor Vehicles are the largest source of
urban air pollution
•Vehicles generate 3 billion pounds of air
pollutants yearly
•Inefficient traffic signals account for
significant portion
•Vehicle stops and acceleration
•28% of U.S. GHG emissions
•2.9 billions gallons of fuel
© Siemens 2010. All rights reserved.
Industry sector, Mobility division, US, Traffic Solutions
Current State of Signalized Intersections
•300,000 Traffic Signals in the U.S.
•5 to 10 percent cause delays due to improper timing
•Funding timing improvement projects
•35-40% of Traffic Signals are still incandescent
© Siemens 2010. All rights reserved.
Industry sector, Mobility division, US, Traffic Solutions
Research Topics
•Consistent Preventative Maintenance
•Real-Time Traffic Management Systems
•Advanced Transportation Controllers
•Bluetooth, GPS, Dedicated Short Range
Communications, Ethernet
•Energy Efficient (LED’s …
© Siemens 2010. All rights reserved.
Industry sector, Mobility division, US, Traffic Solutions
Early Promising Results
•Fulton County, Georgia – Adaptive Systems
•Harris County, Texas – Bluetooth Technology
•San Jose, California – Ethernet Access Devices
•DeKalb, Georgia – Formalized Traffic Signal
Preventative Maintenance Program
•Plano, Texas – Preventative Maintenance
•City of Alpharetta, Georgia – Traffic Signal Retiming
•Nashville, Tennessee – Updated Signal Timing
Plans
© Siemens 2010. All rights reserved.
Industry sector, Mobility division, US, Traffic Solutions
Materials Related Environmental
Research Topics
Prof. Matt O’Keefe
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
And Graduate Center for Materials Research
Hex Cr Replacements
Prof. Bill Fahrenholtz, Prof. Matt O’Keefe
Strategic Environmental Research
and Development Agency
- SONs every November
pH and the presence of CrCC influence re-precipitation of Pr-species
which provide corrosion protection
Phosphate Glasses
Prof. Dick Brow, Prof. Del Day
Specialty optics, biomaterials and waste remediation are
important applications for phosphate glasses
Missouri S&T Approach
Use Information About the Molecular-Level Structures of
Glasses to Design New, Technologically Useful Compositions
Recycling of Electronic Wastes
Assistant Professor Lifeng Zhang
Importance:
Objectives:
- Need for recycling due to its big amount;
- Control the toxic emission during
- New potential energy source by the
pyrolysis;
conversion of waste plastics into fuel;
- Conversion of waste plastics
- Economic motivation for recycling since
(polymers) into oil;
containing precious metals;
- Recovery of precious metals.
- Environmental issues to control the toxic
Current NSF Support (2009-2012):
components during recycling.
Lifeng Zhang (zhanglife@mst.edu)
CBET-0853458: Green Thermal
Degradation of Used Printed Wiring
2.0x10
HBr
Experiment Condition:
Boards
Heating rate: 20 C/min
CaCO3 is
Flow rate: 50ml/min
Hold time: 120min
1.5x10
very efficient
Gas type: Synthetic Air
No chemical
to control the
Na2CO3
1.0x10
emission of
NaOH
toxic gases,
NaHCO3
Professors currently involved:
such as HBr.
5.0x10
CaCO
-10
o
Intensity [A]
-10
-10
-11
3
0.0
0
25
50
75
100 125 150 175 200
Time [min]
Prof. Lifeng Zhang (Materials)
Two Ph.D. students (Materials)
Prof. Thomas Schuman (Chemistry)
Prof. Glenn Morrison (Civil)
Prof. Joel Burken (Civil)
Recycling and Recovery of High Value Wastes
Assistant Professor Lifeng Zhang
Importance:
Current Supports:
- Shortage of raw material resources;
Lifeng Zhang (zhanglife@mst.edu)
- Environmental issues;
1) NSF: CBET-0853458: Green Thermal
- Energy saving (Recycling only use 5%
Degradation of Used Printed Wiring
of energy of the primary production).
Boards (2009-2012)
Recycling and Recovery of:
2) DOE: DE-EE0000575: Development of
- Solar cell silicon;
Solar Grade Silicon (SOG-SI) Feedstock
- Electronic wastes;
by Recycling SOG-SI Wastes (2009- Aluminum scrap and dross;
2010)
- Waste heats from molten slag;
- More
10% scrap wastes
Solar cell
Silicon
40-50% slurry wastes
10% scrap wastes
High temperature electromagnetic
purification unit for the recovery of
metal scraps at MSE:
Primary Pb Production
Doe Run to pay millions in fines;
Operations at Herculaneum smelter
to stop in 2013
Doe Run's new technology could end
need for lead smelter
THE FLUBOR® PROCESS - Engitec
A new Hydrometallurgical-Electrochemical
Approach to the Lead Minerals
Cost Effective Low Environment Impact
The “Environmental Revolution” is a “Social
Revolution”
1. Advancements in Human Interface
We need to “Discover” and “Re-Discover”
2. Innovation Based on Natural Systems
3 Words: Measure, Measure, Measure…
Solar
Flux…
We GET
100-650
W/m2
We NEED:
0.5 W/m2
3. Analysis by Holistic Integrated Common Units
3 More Words: Transparency, Feedback,
Improvement!
STATE PROBLEM
Metrics Are
Not An End,
But A Vehicle…
FORMULATE HYPOTHESIS
DESIGN EXPERIMENT
MAKE OBSERVATIONS
INTERPRET DATA
DRAW CONCLUSIONS
HYPOTHESIS
ACCEPTED
Metrics Inform Policy-Making…
Policies Inform Implementation…
Implementation is Measured…
HYPOTHESIS
REJECTED
PEER REVIEW
4. Actions Built on the Scientific Method
- Benjamin Franklin
- Albert Einstein
2
WATER
3
ATMOSPHERE
4
MATERIALS
5
ENERGY
6
FOOD
7
SHELTER
8
TRANSPORT
9
COMMUNITY
10
CULTURE
11
HEALTH
12
EDUCATION
13
GOVERNANCE
14
COMMERCE
15
VALUE
Capital Budget +
Operating Budget =
Capitoperational Budget
- Life Cycle Costing
Owner
Alliancing
Contracts
Engineer
ECOSTRUCTURE
Lawyer
“The definition of insanity
is doing the same thing
over and over and
expecting different results”
1
FiT = Fully Integrated ThInkIng
Creating “New” and “Strange” Partnerships
PM
Anthro - biolo - gitect
Engi - psycho - linguist
Socio - physi - conomist
5. Implementation of Integrated Methodologies
Eric Farrow
Environmental Engineering Undergraduate
efarrow24@gmail.com
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Sustainable (re)development
Energy with morals
Solid waste management
Sustainable agriculture
Obesity epidemic
Sustainable (re)development
• Cities crumbling from
the inside out
– 450,000 brownfields in
the U.S. (EPA)
– Over 4,300 acres
vacant in St. Louis
(stlouis.missouri.org)
• Research: How do we
reuse existing
structures?
http://goo.gl/t0mP7
Energy with Morals
“Using energy without abusing the planet”
http://goo.gl/VyBpj
http://goo.gl/Avkkj
http://goo.gl/je1HM
http://goo.gl/kyAd4
• "[T]he time has come
to aggressively
accelerate [the
transition from fossil
fuels.]” – Bill Mckibben
• “The direction we are
headed is sobering” –
Eric Farrow
• Research: (all of the
above) engineering
Solid Waste Management
• Fact: There will be
waste
http://goo.gl/QZYld
http://goo.gl/SL8wf
– Average American
generates 1600lbs/yr
• Goal: Zero waste
– 2020, San Francisco
http://goo.gl/susuF
http://goo.gl/8y4gC
• Research: Economics
and LCA’s.
Sustainable food & agriculture
• 1.9B lbs pesticides
applied per year
(USDA)
• Animals intake 70%
antibiotics used (UCS)
• Research:
http://goo.gl/6m5c4
http://goo.gl/LoML
– True costs of cheap
food (i.e. LCA);
– Environmental impacts
(i.e. nutrient loadings)
Obesity on the rise
http://goo.gl/viSlE
http://goo.gl/IS59L
http://goo.gl/RnRVE
http://goo.gl/4zzUn
• Ingredients and
recipes, not factories
and conveyors
• Farms not factories
• Research: How do
we get “good food to
good people”?
FLW’s Five Environmental
Research Opportunities
15 December 2010
Ms. Emily S. Brown
Chief, Environmental Branch
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Lead Migration
Integrated Composting
Sediment Control
Low Impact Development
LEED Implementation
We are the Army’s Home
FLW’s Five Environmental Opportunities
Lead Migration
• Lead from live firing
activities exists on
active Ranges
• Develop methods to
prevent migration of
lead from active firing
Ranges for Ozark soils
Source: The Guidon
FLW’s Five Environmental Opportunities
Integrated Composting
• Four types of organic wastes;
four management methods
– treated wastewater sludge
– food service waste
– yard waste
– bio-remediated soil
• Impacts landuse, inefficient,
costly, lost potential for
nutrient synergy
• Develop integrated and
comprehensive approach
FLW’s Five Environmental Opportunities
Sediment Control
• Highly erodible soils
– Intensive, costly
maintenance during
construction and post
construction
– impacts water quality
• Develop non-toxic, sediment
stabilizer for construction site
sediment runoff control which
also enhances post
construction Erosion control
and re-vegetation
FLW’s Five Environmental Opportunities
Low Impact Development
• Integrating LID is challenging due
to high clay content of Ozark soils
and large temperature
fluctuations
• Identify or develop technologies
suitable for Ozark for clay soils and
weather (permeable pavements,
bio-retention etc.)
Source: Environmental Protection Agency
FLW’s Five Environmental Opportunities
LEED Implementation
• LEED Silver is the
minimum standard for
Army construction
• Identify the most effective
means to achieve Silver,
Gold, and Platinum LEED
Energy and Atmosphere
credits for the Ozarks
Source: General Services Administration
Geological Sciences
and Engineering
Environmental
Research “5 Big Ideas”
Environmental Summit
Dec 15, 2010
Geological Sciences
and Engineering
Earth
Energy
Environment
The following five slides are not an
exhaustive list of GSE environmental
work…clean water, hazardous waste
cleanup, others are not included…
CO2 Sequestration
Rock Characterization
Caprock Integrity,
Modeling
Feasibility
Wronk…
Bai
DunnNorman
Eckert
Nygaard
Dept of Energy
Hydraulic Fracturing
Essential for Shale Gas Development
Water use for fracturing fluids?
Is fracturing safe? Fracture
modeling…
Global
Climate
Change
Dr. Franca Oboh-Ikuenobe is
conducting research in
global climate
Australia and Egypt for the
change
ultimate goal of
understanding
global climate
change from the
geological record
Dr. Franca
Natural Hazards Assessment, Mitigation
• The narrow fringe
comprising 17 percent of
the contiguous U.S. land
area is home to more
than half of the nation's
population.
• Between the years 1980
and 2003, population in
coastal counties
increased by 33 million
people, or 28%.
• In 2003, 23 of the 25
most densely populated
counties were in coastal
areas.
Earthquake/hurricane risks on
infrastructure: Pipelines, power/data
transmission, above and under ground fuel
tanks, transportation infrastructure
• By 2008, over half of
the American population
lives within 50 miles of
the coast
Space Resources
Sustainability requires:
– reduce usage rate, and
– increase source volume – draw
raw material needs from entire
Solar System
Reduce environmental effects
of Human Civilization
– increasing population
– increasing expectations
Research:
– space-based solar power
– space manufacturing
Research:
– ET ore formation mechanisms
– adapt mining and processing to ET
environments
Planetary Security
Research:
– preventive mining
Leslie Gertsch, Space Resources Laboratory,
Rock Mechanics and Explosives Research Center
Missouri University
of Science and
Technology
Environmental
Summit
Paragon Business Solutions, Inc.
• Management Consulting firm specializing
in assisting clients with implementing
environmental management systems
(EMS) and for assisting Department of
Defense clients with using their EMS to
reach the DoD sustainability goals.
Executive Orders 13514 and 13423
Performance Area
E.O. 13514
E.O. 13423
Greenhouse Gas Inventory & Reduction
X
Energy Efficiency/Renewable Energy
X
X
Water Resource Efficiency
X
X
Pollution Prevention/Waste Reduction
X
X
Sustainable Communities
X
Sustainable Building/Construction
X
X
Sustainable Acquisition
X
X
Electronics Stewardship
X
X
Environmental Management
X
X
Sustainability Goals
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Reduce the use of fossil fuel
– Reduce energy intensity
– 18.3% of energy consumed by facilities is produced or procured from renewable
sources by 2020
– Use of petroleum products by vehicle fleets
Water
– Reduce potable, industrial and irrigation water consumption.
– Development maintains pre-development hydrology.
Reduce GHG Emissions
Solid waste minimized and optimally managed
– Diversion
– Landfill gas reclaimed
Sustainable Practices
– Procurement
– LEED Buildings
Department of Biological Sciences
Robert S. Aronstam
aronstam@mst.edu
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Loss of Biodiversity
C, N, P, H2O management
Quality of Life
Nanomaterial toxicity
Synthetic Biology
Management of C, N, P, water
• C from atmosphere or pipes
to photosynthesis or storage
– Biofuels, C sequestration
• N and P not going
downstream
– Dead zones, ag losses
• Water from floods to aquifers
– Water wars
Loss of Biodiversity
Causes:
• Habitat destruction
• Invasive species
• Climate change
Consequences
• Ecosystem services
• Economic impact
• Loss of bioactive substances
Quality of Life (QOL) and sustainability
explicit goal
• environment
• physical and mental
health
• education
• recreation and leisure
time
• social belonging
Nanomaterial toxicity
• 2015: $1 trillion
• Occupational exposure
• End user toxicity
– Inhalational
– Dermal
– Intestinal
Synthetic Biology
• iGEM team
• Application of
engineering concepts to
biological problems
• Cellular (genetic)
engineering
– Sensors
– Fuels
– Remediation
Kevin S. Griesemer, PE, LEED AP, CPMP
g&w engineering corporation
KGriesemer@GandWEngineering.com
www.gandwengineering.com
We specialize in energy related and functional building systems, providing
consulting services and solutions for new and existing facilities.
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LEED & Sustainability
Energy Audits
Commissioning
Retro-Commissioning
Energy & Resource Conservation
LEED & Sustainability
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LEED 2009 (v3)
Sustainable Sites (26)
Water Efficiency (10)
Energy and Atmosphere (35)
Materials and Resources (14)
Indoor Environmental Quality
(15)
Innovation in Design (6)
Regional Priority (4)
– Certified 40–49 points
– Silver 50–59 points
– Gold 60–79 points
– Platinum 80 points and
above
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•
Alternative Energy
Highly Efficient HVAC & Lighting
Systems
Energy audits
What are the Types of Commercial
Energy Audits?
– Preliminary Energy Use
Analysis
– ASHRAE Level 1 – Walk
Through Analysis
– ASHRAE Level 2 – Energy
Survey and Analysis
– ASHRAE Level 3 – Detailed
Analysis of Capital Intensive
Modifications
Commissioning
Commissioning is a systematic, forensic approach to quality assurance.
The building commissioning process provides documented confirmation
that building systems function according to criteria set forth in the project
documents to satisfy the owner’s operational needs.
Retro-commissioning
Existing Building Commissioning is a systematic process for investigating,
analyzing, and optimizing the performance of building systems through the
identification and implementation of low/no cost and capital intensive Facility
Improvement Measures and ensuring their continued performance over time.
Energy & resource conservation
• Key is Awareness and Education
– Green building associations - About
601,000 results
– Energy conservation associations About 10,700,000 results USGBC,
Green Globes, Energy Star, etc.
• ASHRAE 90.1 Energy Standard for
Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential
Buildings
• ASHREA 189.1 Standard for the Design
of High-Performance Green Buildings
(30% greater than 90.1)
• Keep the implementation of practical,
functional applications in harmony with
rational educated decisions regarding
conservation of resources.
LED Lighting Application
Mariesa L. Crow
Energy Research & Development Center
crow@mst.edu
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Microgrids/Renewable energy/SmartGrid
Carbon Sequestration
Synthetic Fuels/Biomass to Fuel
Plug-in Vehicles
Energy Storage
SmartGrid
Carbon Capture and Sequestration
• Reduce the buildup of
greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere
• Worldwide CO2 emissions
from human activity have
increased to annual
emissions of more than 33
billion tons today
Synthetic Fuels
Would allow America to reduce
foreign oil imports by tapping its
own domestic energy resources to
produce fuel for transportation and
national defense
Synthetic fuels are produced from coal,
natural gas or biomass and provide a
clear, clean liquid for use primarily as
diesel or jet fuel
Plug-in Vehicles
Stochastic Resources and Loads
Transportation is almost completely powered
by oil - 60% of which comes from foreign
sources.
Adoption of plug-in hybrids will transfer the
majority of our miles driven to electricity.
Renewable
Resources
Exhaustible
Resources
Mobility/Energy
Demands
If all vehicles were plug-in hybrids we would
cut our oil needs by 55%, nearly enough to
eliminate foreign sources altogether.
PHEVs
Power Generation
Storage & Distribution
Energy Storage
Suzan D. Gonder, CHMM
Managing Principal
Environmental Works, Inc.
suzan@environmentalworks.com
Remediation Trends
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Traditional soil remediation
Traditional groundwater remediation
Current Considerations
In situ vs. ex situ
Sustainable but cost-effective remedial alternatives
Soil Remediation
•Dig and haul is still widely used
•Fast, low tech
•Easy to demonstrate compliance (sampling)
•Immediate removal of source ►►may help groundwater
contamination
•Accepted by state and public
•The down side to dig and haul:
•Process can leave a big carbon footprint
•Generates waste, creates potential future cleanup
•Diesel powered equipment
•May disrupt site operations
•Not precise
Groundwater Remediation
•Pump and Treat:
•Fairly simple process
•Contaminant is being removed from environment
•Maintain hydraulic control
•Still readily accepted by regulators/public
•Downside:
•Costly O&M: utility costs plus labor
•Must deal with water management
•Reach a point where its no longer effective
•Long term process: volume you pump out compared to the amount of
contaminant removed may be small
•Rebound is an issue if system is off
Current Considerations
•Risk Based Corrective Action
•Huge change in how sites are cleaned up
•How clean is clean?
•Maximum extent practicable
•Future land use
•Institutional controls to prevent exposure
•Air Issues
•Vapor Intrusion into buildings = consequence of leaving
residual contamination behind
•Hot issue with regulators – significance may be overrated
•How do you evaluate and mitigate this hazard?
Current Considerations
•In situ vs. ex situ
•Ex situ
•In Situ
•Current technologies
•Biotreament, Chemical treatment
•Thermal
•Soil stabilization
•Downside
•Difficult to control outcome
•Limited by media type
•Difficult to evaluate success
•Can be expensive
•Regulators/public may not readily accept the method
•May require permitting
•May disrupt site operations
Current Considerations
Key to future remediation success =
Sustainable but cost effective methods
•Many are able to develop great ideas but must
be cost effective
•Move towards more “green” technologies
•Better use of resources
•Reuse/reduce/recycle
•Buy in from regulators and the public
Any Questions?
Suzan D. Gonder, CHMM
Managing Principal
Environmental Works, Inc.
suzan@environmentalworks.com
Environmental Opportunities in
Materials Manufacturing
Kent Peaslee – MSE Department
kpeaslee@mst.edu
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Unconventional CO2 Sequestration
Revolutionize Manufacturing
Lean, Mean and Green Steel
Renewable Carbon for Manufacturing
Design based Life Cycle Assessment
Unconventional CO2 Sequestration
– Works for any emission of
carbon dioxide
– Simpler than end of pipe
capture of CO2
– May be most economic and
non-intrusive approach to CO2
sequestration
– Use unconventional
sequestration agents
• Manufacturing slag and residues
• Cement kiln dust
System for carbon capture from air.
http://www.nextenergynews.com/news1/next-energy-news3.31c.html
Revolutionize Manufacturing
• Fully continuous and
automated operation
– Zero waste
• All co-products
1610
conventional batch operation
2990
Energy Savings:
- less time and less heating in EAF
- no tapping into colder ladle
- no transport
- no holding
1630
steel temperature (ºC)
• Many industries
• need
improvement
proposed continuous steelmaking
EAF
2960
2930
2900
1590
tap &
transport
1570
2870
LMF refining
2840
EAF
1550
transport &
sitting on turret
3-step refining
1530
tundish
mold
1510
0
2810
tundish 2780
mold
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
time (minutes)
2750
steel temperature (ºF)
– Reduced water use
– Reduce air emissions
– Capture energy
Lean, Mean and Green Steel
(light-weight, high-strength and green steel development)
• Lower density steels
• Higher strength steels
• Recycled content
increasing
• Combination of lower
density & higher strength
= lighter weight parts with
improved performance
– Better gas mileage & safety
Renewable Carbon for Manufacturing
• Manufacturing uses coal/oil
– No good source of C in renewable sources
– What if we developed renewable coke?
Design Based Life Cycle Assessment
• Complex design
must include LCA
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–
–
–
–
1022 Steel Rolled Bumper Replacement using LCA
Bumper has mechanical function - rescaled to design strength
= volume & mass change
= change in energy in materials, manufacturing & use
Graph constructed using Granta CES Software
Materials
Manufacturing
Transportation
Use
Disposal