START NO GROUP 2 pg 71

Transcription

START
YES
Keying with the second edition of The Jepson Manual
Jepson Herbarium Workshop: Basic Botany Series
25 January or 8 February 2014
flowers
available?
NO
NO
bulblets
produced
in infl?
reproductive
structures
present?
YES
YES
GROUP 1
pg 70
seeds and
pollen
present?
NO
plants
terrestrial?
NO
NO
GROUP 2
pg 71
Instructor: Genevieve K. Walden
GROUP 3
pg 74
YES
YES
ovules exposed to air at
pollination? stigma 0?
NO
Keying to Groups in TJM2 Schematic Diagram
modified by GKW from the Key to California Plant Families [Group Level]
by David J. Keil, as revised by Alan R. Smith and Thomas J. Rosatti
to include Cyatheaceae
available from TJM2 and the Jepson eFlora
Website http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM_fam_key.html
YES
GROUP 4
pg 75
fruit develops without
flowers opening?
NO
flowers unisexual,
or ONLY
pistillate OR staminate
flowers available?
YES
YES
pistal >=2
per flower?
YES
flowers
staminate
GROUP 5
pg 75
GROUP 6
pg 76
NO
YES
herb or subshrub
woody only at base
NO
NO
perianth 0
or single whorl?
NO
perianth
parts in
2s or 3s
YES
YES
GROUP 10
pg 85
GROUP 16
pg 93
NO
petals fused, and
hypanthium NOT
present
NO
ovary
inferior
NO
YES
corolla
bilateral
NO
GROUP 19
pg 97
YES
GROUP 17
pg 95
GROUP 18
pg 96
NO
herb or subshrub
woody only at base
NO
GROUP 9
pg 83
leaf deeply divided
or compound
YES
NO
ovary
inferior
NO
#stamens
>2X
#petals
NO
shrub or tree
woody throughout
YES
YES
GROUP 7
pg 78
YES
YES
YES
GROUP 8
pg 81
GROUP 20
pg 100
NO
shrub or tree
woody throughout
YES
inflorescence
catkin?
YES
GROUP 11
pg 86
leaf pinnation parallel
or leaf not differentiated
YES
NO
GROUP 12
pg 87
GROUP 13
pg 89
GROUP 21
pg 102
NO
ovary
inferior
YES
GROUP 14
pg 90
GROUP 22
pg 103
NO
GROUP 15
pg 91
GROUP 23
pg 104
NO
GROUP 24
pg 105
WALDEN - Keying with the second edition of The Jepson Manual, Jepson Herbarium Workshop Basic Botany Series, 25 January or 8 February 2014
Handout for Keying with the Second Edition of The Jepson Manual
Jepson Herbarium Workshops: Basic Botany Series
Instructor: Genevieve K. Walden
Location: 3030 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley
Session dates: 25 January or 8 February 2014
Welcome! This handout serves as an introductory guide for your notes, questions, and to
organize the workshop. This handout will also be available online at www.genevievekwalden.com/
training-and-teaching/ I welcome additions and corrections, contact me [gkwalden@gmail.com].
WORKSHOP SCHEDULE
9:00-9:30AM Welcome and logistics
9:30-10:30AM Introduction to the second edition of The Jepson Manual [TJM2]
10:30-10:45AM
15 minute morning break
10:45-12:00noon Keying with TJM2
12:00-1:30PM Lunch
1:30-2:30PM Group Keying Exercise: example I
2:30-2:45PM
15 minute afternoon break
2:45-3:30PM Group Keying Exercise: example II
Overview, reading the text, navigating resources with examples
Stereomicroscope and dissecting basics
Plant characteristics
3:00-4:30PM Group Keying Exercise: example III
4:30-5:00PM Evaluations and final questions
WORKSHOP DESCRIPTION
This workshop is designed for new users of the second edition of The Jepson Manual. It will provide an introduction to the manual, including an overview of its organization and a summary of print and digital resources that can
be used to enhance the experience of identification. A brief discussion of some of the common changes included in the
second edition will be illustrated with hands-on examples and lab activities in the morning, followed by group keying
of plants in the afternoon. Participants will become familiar with plant characteristics needed for efficient identification
to group, family, or genus, and will gain practical experience by working through keys and common questions as a
group.
The workshop will be indoors, working with fresh plants collected from various field locations. A general familiarity with morphological terms is helpful, but not required; these will be reviewed during the introductory and group
keying sessions. Participants are encouraged to bring their personal copy of the second edition of The Jepson Manual
(print or digital); some print copies will be available to borrow. Participants will receive a dissecting kit and will use a
dissecting microscope to study plants; previous microscope experience is helpful but not necessary.
2
What is TJM2?
The Jepson Manual: vascular plants of California, Second Edition [or sometimes, TJM2] is
the reference for the flora of California.
What do you use it for?
TJM2 is an all year round field manual to key and identify the vascular plants of California.
Use it all year round - in the field and office!
Check out the inside cover of TJM2. Here you will find a great list of online resources available from the Jepson Flora Project [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/jepson_flora_project.html] for a
convenient reference guide. These online resources help make identifying plants fun and fast! This
workshop includes these references, provides examples within TJM2, and provides additional resources for using the TJM2 to key and identify plants of California.
What can’t be keyed using TJM2?
Mosses, lichens, algae, and fungi are not included in the project. But there are really good
resources that will help you identify these organisms in California [Moss eFlora http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/CA_moss_eflora/], check out the Jepson eFlora and other eFlora tools [http://ucjeps.
berkeley.edu/IJM.html], and the appendix to this handout for references.
What can be keyed using TJM2?
Vascular plants of California! This includes more than 185 plant families of native and naturalized taxa, in eight major clades. These are Ferns, Lycophytes, Gymnosperms, Nympheales, Magnoliids, Ceratophyllales, Eudicots, and Monocots. Check out the Phylogenetic Index [inside back
cover, or online http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/clademap2.html] to see how the families are arranged
in the second edition.
TJM2 covers native and naturalized taxa of California - cultivated or horticultural taxa,
waifs, urban or agricultural escapes were NOT included in the hardcopy and digital text. The
supplement and Jepson eFlora INCLUDES these waifs, urban or agricultural escapes, and agricultural weeds.
Note: Terrestrial plants in only vegetative condition will not be [easily] keyable using just the
manual. No worries, that’s what online resources are for!
There have been huge changes since the 1993 edition and these are contained in the Second Edition of The Jepson Manual and updated online at the Jepson eFlora. Ongoing botanical
research in the California flora means the work isn’t done! Revisions, updates, and corrections are
posted to the Jepson eFlora [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html].
This is a brief list - check out the additional references at the end of the handout. *Tip. Always keep a pencil handy to
annotate your TJM2 in the margins or add *digital notes* as you work through a key. There will never be a time when
you regret writing out your complete thoughts in your field manual or a flora. MAKE MARGINALIA!
3
Quick Guide to TJM2
How is The Jepson Manual, Second Edition organized? And why? Read the Philosophy on pgs 1-2,
and the Conventions pgs 3-11.
Are you looking for a taxon by scientific name or common name and want the page number?
Check out the Index pg 1523-1568. Bold numbers are for the first page of the family or genus
description, and italic numbers are for illustrations.
You can also find clades and families included in TJM2 by the Phylogenetic Index on the back cover,
and online http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/clademap2.html
Where is Hydrophyllaceae or Lennoaceae in TJM2? You won't find them in the Phylogenetic Index, but
look within the Index on pg 1544 for Hydrophyllaceae and pg 1546 for Lennoaceae. Both families
are now included within Boraginaceae and found on pg 450.
For an online resource that quickly gives an overview of how families and genera are
treated between the 1993 TJM and TJM2 refer to:
Genera Comparison and Recognition of Families 1993 Jepson - 2012 Jepson
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM_family_dispo.html
Looking for names from the 1993 TJM and where they have ended up in TJM2?
Dynamic Concordance 1993 Jepson - 2012 Jepson
http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/interchange/JMtoJMII.html
Looking for any California plant name - by scientific name or common name - and want to link
to TJM2 and associated resources of the Jepson Flora Project? Find synonyms, references, authorities,
notes at the Index to California Plant Names [ICPN] http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/about_ICPN.html
Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2013. Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html
Revision 1, Jepson eFlora http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM_suppl_summary.html
Errata for TJM2 available at http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/JM12_errata.html
Want to compare previous editions of The Jepson Manual or Flora?
Jepson, W. L. 1901. A flora of Western Middle California. Encina Publishing Company, Berkeley, CA.
http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/title/55376
http://archive.org/stream/floraofwesternmi00jeps#page/n5/mode/2up
Jepson, W. L. 1911. A flora of Western Middle California. Second Edition. Encina Publishing
Company, Berkeley, CA. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126803#page/5/mode/1up
Jepson, W. L. 1925. A Manual of the flowering plants of California. Associated Students
Store, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA.
Jepson, W. L. 1943. Flora of California. Vol. 1–4. Associated Students Store, University of California
Berkeley, Berkeley, CA. All volumes available online http://bscit.berkeley.edu/rarebook.html
Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson Manual: higher plants of California. University of
California Press, Berkeley, CA. Online Index to Treatments and Keys from TJM1993 [superseded by
the TJM2/Jepson eFlora] http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/interchange/I_treat_indexes.html
Corrections for the 1993 edition http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/all_corr2.html
4
Reading the text
Information about how information is presented is included in the Philosophy [pg 1] and the Conventions [3].
What do all those scientific names mean?
Scientific names are information. The point is effective communication in a hierarchical system - and it has to work for written and oral communication for today, for the future, and it has to
be consistent with previous publications. So there are some rules - this is science! But these rules
are fairly easy to remember and even easier to use. The first rule is to give it a try!
The name can help give details about the plants - so look at those binomials in the INDEX and you
will start recognizing some common and descriptive epithets. ramosissima [very branched], angustifolium [narrow leaved], sericea [silky], annuus [annual], brachyloba [short lobed]. Color is helpful
too - viride [green], alba [white], aurianticus [orange], grisea [gray]. Place names can also help,
californica [California], franciscanum [San Francisco], yosemitanum [Yosemite], chilensis [Chile],
vallis-mortae [Death Valley]. Also habitat - insulare [island], cismontana [cismontane], serpentinus
[serpentine], inundata [flooded places], salina [salt springs].
The ending “ii” or “ae” provides information about the person for whom the taxon was named
- Phacelia piersoniae L. O. Williams* [listed on ICPN as a synonym of Phacelia heterophylla var.
virgata pg 494*] was named for Rua Pierson [or Terua Pierson, or Terua P. Williams]. The abbreviated author is given at the end of the scientific name for botanical nomenclature, for animals and
insects you will see a year of publication added at the end and no author abbreviation. In this
example the author is Louis Otho Williams who published the name in 1932 [Williams, L. 1932.
Field and Herbarium Studies, I. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 59(7):427-429.]. He and Rua
married in 1934 and botanized as a happy team together. *TIP. Spelling does matter! Phacelia
peirsoniana J. T. Howell [pg 498*] was named for Frank Warrington Peirson.
In TJM2 the scientific names of Native California Taxa, naturalized plants and waifs, and uncertain
status taxa are identified by type face. Symbols are used to indicate status:  indicates a native
plant listed by CNPS,   indicate invasive non-native taxa listed by CDFG or CalIPC.
How do you pronounce that name?
When in doubt, sound it out! Pronounce all the syllables. The emphasis is usually on the
second to last syllable. Proper names [people and places] keep their original pronunciation for the
stem word, nuttall - ii, douglas - sii, eastwood-ae, dales-iana, austin-i-ae, trask-i-ae.
The second rule is to BE BOLD! Botanical Latin is a modern technical language practiced and used
by botanists. There are very few ways to mess it up. It always helps to key out loud and practice
saying scientific names. Practice helps with pronunciation and with remembering new plant names!
PRACTICE!
Krascheninnikovia lanata. Winter fat. The genus name is named in honor of Krascheninnikov.
Krasch - en - in - ni - kov - i - a la - na - ta. Or of course, crashin in a cove ee ah.
Asplenium septentrionale. Ah- splee- NEE- um sep- ten- tree- oh- NAH- lee.
5
Navigating and integrating resources
TJM2 was supported by numerous sponsors, authors [pgs xvii-xxii], illustrators, and editors. The Dedication to James
Hickman, Preface about Willis Linn Jepson [pg xiii] and Acknowledgements [pgs xv-xvi] cover briefly the history of
this epic project. The Jepson Flora Project continues to update these resources, supported by the Friends of the Jepson
Herbarium. About the Jepson Flora Project, and all the handy online resourcess http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/jepson_flora_project.html
What are some of these resources? And how do updates and changes get made?
What is a stipe? Look on pg 33 of the TJM2 Botanical Glossary pgs 17-34 [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/
IJM_glossary.html], which refers you to the illustration on pg 29. But wait! You say to yourself. The TJM2 glossary
only refers to Ferns in the key to Group 3 (pg 74) and family descriptions pgs 113-134. And you are not looking at a
fern, you are looking at stipes in Eriogonum (genus description and keys, pg 1083-1092. Eriogonum diclinum description pg 1096, illustration 1097)! No worries, the TJM2 glossary has been updated to reflect the different usage of this
term for ferns and Polygonaceae in the online Errata for TJM2. Errata for TJM2 is available at http://ucjeps.berkeley.
edu/JM12_errata.html Discover additional errors, issues, additions, or corrections for TJM2? Contact Dr. Tom Rosatti
rosatti@ berkeley.edu.
TJM2!
Baldwin, B. G., D. H. Goldman, D. J. Keil, R. Patterson, T. J. Rosatti, and D. H. Wilken. 2012. The Jepson Manual:
vascular plants of California, Second Edition. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
Digital TJM2!
Baldwin, B. G., D. H. Goldman, D. J. Keil, R. Patterson, T. J. Rosatti, and D. H. Wilken. 2012. The Digital Jepson Manual: vascular plants of California, Second Edition. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA.
Instructions for downloading the Digital TJM2 to supported devices [www.ucpress.edu/content/instructions/digital_jepson_download_instrux.pdf]. The Digital Jepson is in EPUB ebook format.
Depending on your device, operating system, and preferred notetaking - there are different options and third party applications to digitally mark up an ebook, save your annotations, and export notes as files. As with any digital text, it is
definitely user preference for reading, updating with errata and supplement 1, field work, and annotating.
What is new in TJM2? A lot!
You will notice some changes from the 1993 TJM in the new TJM2. Flowering times have been added to descriptions
in TJM2 from hyperlinked specimen data in the Consortium of California Herbaria http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/consortium/. Horticultural information is not included in TJM2 but is still available from the 1993TJM at the online Jepson
Horticultural Database http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/db/horticulture/
Geographical subdivisions for the California Floristic Province have been updated since the 1993 TJM- plates are the
first page and pg 44 in TJM2. Explanation pgs 35-48. Hierarchical outline of subdivisions on pg 42. Online http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM_geography.html
The Jepson eFlora treatments include full descriptions, links to the Online Interchange, elevation, bioregions in which the
taxon occurs, georeferenced accessions through BerkeleyMapper 2.0 http://berkeleymapper.berkeley.edu/ and links
to specimens in the Consortium of California Herbaria.
The Jepson eFlora! Jepson Flora Project (eds.) 2013. Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html [accessed on
02 August 2013].
Since the publication of the second edition some treatments have been revised and published in the first supplement.
These are incorporated into the Jepson eFlora and available as a separate PDF for adding to digital libraries.
Revision 1, July 2013! http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM_suppl_summary.html
6
General approach to Keying with TJM2
Each couplet leads you through a series of increasingly selective choices until you reach an identifying name for your plant specimen. Keys to groups and families use characters that are universal
and easily diagnostic for large groups of plants. The choice between two leads can sometimes
use a singular character that only describes a particular group of California plants. These singular
characters can allow you to key efficiently - in some cases go straight to the family or genus key.
Treatments in TJM2 are meant to be a used as a field guide to vascular plants - and so the keys are
written with characters that are recognizable in the field. This absolutely means YOU WILL NEED
a 10X magnification handlens. Additional characters are described in descriptions [chromosome
counts, molecular studies] that contribute to species delimitation but are impossible to actually use
in the field. *Tip - Read the descriptions for additional detailed information when keying!
TJM2 is written for plants with reproductive parts available. It is not impossible to key out a vegetative terrestrial plant lacking flowers or fruit using TJM2 - but you will need to rely on additional
resources or try again at another time. *Tip. Can’t decide which lead to choose? Try going both ways in the
key! Plant material at hand may not have the necessary flowering AND mature fruiting material required. Read the descriptions for full characteristics. Choose one key lead and follow it to taxon, then go back and pick the other couplet
lead at the point of confusion. See if the resulting identification helps exclude one of the leads.
Read couplets in order [left to right]. Key leads are supposed to present the most obvious and
clear cut character choices first and subtle differences last. *Tip - if you aren’t having success with the key
at a difficult couplet, go back a step and try again. Still confused? Go back to the beginning and try again. It is easy
to skip a couplet or a character and be led astray.
Everything is “gen” [generally]. That is, the keys present characters that are most common, obvious, and most likely to be encountered in the field for that taxon. Exceptions to the general condition are described in the descriptions. Read the descriptions to get a good idea of the common
characteristics for family/genus keys, and look for additional characteristics for species to provide
confirmation of identification. Remember that characters addressed in genus descriptions are not
repeated in species descriptions if generally true. It is not cheating to read ahead!
Unilateral statements in a key are indicated by an Em dash — preceding the trait. These are only
applicable to the lead in which the Em dash is included.
Geographic subdivisions [pg 44] and soil type can help with keying and identification! California
has high numbers of taxa that only occur within the state [native endemics] or are restricted to certain soil types [serpentine or limestone endemics].
Look at the colors! Flowers can change color after pollination, with water stress, during pressing,
and fade from bright red to pale white over a century in the herbarium. *Tip - Take notes, write down
observations, record questions about the plant material and the steps in keying as you proceed through the keys.
Are you looking at a plant specimen that is early or late season? Check the flowering or fruiting
time in the descriptions. Early, late season, or shaded plants can vary from the typical growth
patterns. Vernal pool plants can have seasonally dimorphic leaves. Eryngium vaseyi (pg 183 and
185) has a juvenile set of leaves when submersed in the pool early in the season and a set of adult
leaves later in the season once the pool dries out.
7
Using Stereomicroscropes in Jepson Herbarium Workshops
Keying with the second Edition of The Jepson Manual, 25 January and 8 February 2014
1. Two-handed carry
Use one hand to pick up scope by the head
handle [1a].The other hand supports the
scope from the base [1b]. Always carry with
two hands. Place on flat surface.
6
1a
2. Power plug & cord
8
Cord not shown in figures. Plug located at
back of scope/base of arm [2]. Connect cord
firmly to scope. Requires electricity source.
Wrap cord up when finished.
7
3. ON/OFF switch
ON/OFF switch located at back of
scope/ base of arm [3]. ON/OFF and LED
lights are on a 4sec delay.
4. Light switches
LED light switches located on right side of
stage [4]. LED lights are on a 4sec delay. LED
light intensity controlled by dimmer switches to
decrease ! or increase ! lights. LED lights
can be used in any combination.Incident LED
light " is best for opaque objects illuminated
from above. Transmitted LED light # is best for
transparent objects illuminated from below.
4
2
3
5
1b
6
6
5. Stage
Never dissect material on the glass.
Always use a glass slide or 3X5 card to work
with material under magnification.
8
8
6. 10X ocular
Adjust left to right spacing as needed for eye
width. Roll cover down for eyeglass wearers.
7
7
7. Coarse focus knob
Raises the optical head up and down. Should
be lowered completely for storage. Right &
left handed.
2
3
4
! !
5
8. Fine focus knob
10X or 30X magnification. Right & left
handed.
1b
Stereomicroscropes for the Jepson Herbarium Workshops were generously donated by Friends of the Jepson Herbarium.
Images [EZ4] and instructions modified from the Leica ES series by GKWalden for these workshops.
8
Jepson Workshop Dissecting Basics 2014
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Jepson Herbarium Workshop Dissecting Kit Basics
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of all sharps appropriately. <',"&#"%$-#(."=#/(,#23(&#8+,#9%$8#,3;",-"&#$)"%6#%6:#:&20#>&%$,+$"#23(&#:+.."$,+36#.8+)).?#
DISSECTING KIT ITEMS
Sharps: @$+..3&.0#@$%)/").#A#"B,&%#9)%:".#C&"D(+&"#%.."49)2E0#@(//)"4"6,#*+,-#4(),+/%$8#&%F3&#9)%:".0
Forceps. Supplement with fine point or watchmaker forceps.
Probes. @(//)"4"6,#*+,-#'+6"#/&39".=#/+6.#A#6"":)".0
Ruler#C4",&+$#A#"6;)+.-E0#!3,%6+$%)#)+6"#$36G"&.+36HI#)+6"#J#IKIL#+6$-#J#IKM#9%&)"2$3&6#J#I#/3//2."":
Glass Dropper#C,3#*",#:+.."$,+6;#4%,"&+%)E
RECOMMENDED ITEMS
10X Handlens - a necessity! <#LNO#)"6.#+.#%*".34"#,330#P%62%&:.#%&"#;&"%,#'3&#8""/+6;#,&%$8#3'#-%6:)"6.0
Glass slides & cover slips C;&"%,#'3&#'(6;+#%6:#<))+(4E0#@,%+6.#C*-+)"#;&"%,E#%&"#63,#&"$344"6:":#'3&#;"6"&%)#8+,.0#
<)*%2.#$-"$8#Q@5@=#RSA@=#%6:#$-"4#-%F%&:.0#
3x5 cards 5367,#$(,#36#%#4+$&3.$3/"#.,%;"#T#(."#UOV#$%&:.=#.)+:".=#%6:K3&#/&"/%&"#3''#,-"#.,%;"0#W-"#/%/"&#%$,.#
%.#%#9)3,,"&#%6:#-")/.#,&%6./3&,#:+.."$,+36.0#X3(#$%6#*3&8#36#4(),+/)"#./"$+4"6.#%6:#/&"..#4+6+TG3($-"&.#*+,-#%#
UBV#$%&:0
Small notebook ,3#&"$3&:#63,".#CY+"):#Z3,".E0#['#23(#*+))#9"#:3+6;#*",#'+"):#*3&8#\+,"#+6#,-"#\%+6#/3$8",#.+F"#
notebooks.
Clear plastic tape ]."#,3#'+B#&3)2/3)2#4%,"&+%)#C."":.=#;)393."#3G%&+".E#,3#UOV#$%&:.#'3&#:+.."$,+360#5+.."$,":#
4%,"&+%)#$%6#9"#$)"%6)2#,%/":#:3*6#%6:#+6$)(:":#+6#%#'+"):#63,"9338#'3&#)%,"&#&"'"&"6$"0#W%/"#+.#%$+:+$#%6:#*+))#
2"))3*#+6#%;"#T#:367,#(."#+'#/&"."&G%,+36#+.#%#$36$"&60
Pencil sharpener & pencil A small pencil sharpener is essential. Can also sharpen pencil with a small knife. Pencils
%6:#$&%236.#%&"#&"%))2#-")/'()#,3#4%8"#)"%'#&(99+6;.#'3&#)"%'#G"6%,+36#:+%;&%4.0#['#23(#*+))#9"#4%8+6;#%663,%,+36.=#
-"&9%&+(4#)%9").=#3&#)%9#63,"9338.#(."#%$+:#'&""#%&$-+G%)#/"6.#C>+;4%Q+$&36E0
Bags & envelopes ^)%..+6"#3&#.,%4/#"6G")3/".#C:&2#4%,"&+%)E0#>)%.,+$#F+/)3$#9%;.#C'3&#$3))"$,+6;#'&".-#4%,"&+%)#+6#
'+"):E0#_""/#'&".-#4%,"&+%)#+6#,-"#'&+:;"#3&#$33)"&0
Bandaids!#Y+&.,#%+:#.(//)+".0#Just in case.
9
Plant Characteristics Worksheet
On this page, draw the plant specimen you want to identify.
Draw what you see and label with your descriptions
Reproductive structures available? Flowers, fruit available? Label and describe all parts and characteristics. Include
numbers of parts [e.g., #of sepals, #of petals, #of stamens, # of styles]. Record measurements [all measurements are
metric for TJM2] - a ruler is printed on pp. 1570 and included in your dissecting kit. Some characteristics change from
fresh to dried/pressed specimen [e.g., corolla color, leaf texture]. Dissection of parts using your dissection kits will be
helpful [flower, fruit] and required for some taxa. Magnification of parts using a 10X handlens or the dissecting stereomicroscopes will also be helpful or necessary [e.g., hairs!]. Note incomplete or partial specimens, or variation in parts
within a plant. Record all observations and questions!
10
Keying Notes Worksheet
There are some common diagnostic taxonomic characters that will come up repeatedly in TJM2,
especially in the Key to Groups and Families [Note: Family and genus keys will have additional characters].
Common characteristics for vascular plants in TJM2
Life history: annual or perennial?
Habit: aquatic or terrestrial?
Herb or shrub/tree?
Woody only at base, or woody throughout?
Leaf: simple or compound?
What does the leaf margin look like?
Leaf venation type?
Reproductive structures: do you have sporangia & spores, or seeds [naked, or in cones, or enclosed in ovary]?
If producing fruit: inferior or superior ovary?
Flowers: unisexual or bisexual?
Flowers: all closed or some open?
Sepals/petals: fused or free?
Hypanthium present?
Additional character notes:
Keying Notes (Key to Groups & Families):
Keying Notes (Family Key):
Keying Notes (Genus and species key):
Additional Keying Notes:
11
12
Herb or shrub/tree?
Leaf venation type?
Hypanthium present?
13
14
Herb or shrub/tree?
Leaf venation type?
Hypanthium present?
15
16
Herb or shrub/tree?
Leaf venation type?
Hypanthium present?
17
18
Herb or shrub/tree?
Leaf venation type?
Hypanthium present?
19
APPENDIX
Want to learn more? Additional references and resources abound!
Please note the references and resources included in this handout are not comprehensive - there are many
additional resources available for specific botanical interests that you may wish to explore further on your own. I tried
to include resources that had both a hardcopy and an online version, please let me know if links are broken or inaccessible due to subscription or paywall issues.
Questions? Comments? Is this handout missing something helpful to keying and identifying plants using TJM2? I
am always looking for useful tips, good resources, and efficient ways to identify plants in California. Let me know your
favorite tip or tough plant puzzle! Email gkwalden@gmail.com
Want to become more involved?
More Jepson Herbarium Workshops are scheduled for the rest of 2014! See the schedule online http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/workshops/2014/index.
html. Check out photos and field notes from all the amazing workshops at the tumblr for the Jepson Herbarium Workshops http://jepsonworkshops.
tumblr.com.
Join or renew your membership to The Friends of the Jepson Herbarium [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/jeps/friends/]! Friends receive the newsletter of
the herbarium, The Globe, and receive discounts on all Jepson Herbarium Workshops.
Curatorial Volunteer Days in the University and Jepson Herbarium are held on one Saturday a month. For more information contact Curator Kim
Kersh [kersh@berkeley.edu].
Are you a member of the California Botanical Society? Members of the California Botanical Society receive the scientific journal Madroño. http://
www.calbotsoc.org
Additional reading about Jepson, the Jepson Manual, and the Jepson Flora Project
Beidleman, R. G. 2000. Willis Linn Jepson - The Botany Man. Madroño 47(4): 273–286, and online http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/history/biog/jepson/jepson_the_botany_man.html
Constance, L. 1995. Homage to Willis Linn Jepson. Madroño 42(2): 96-102. http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/history/biog/jepson/jepson_homage.html
Dean, E. 2011. A review of The Jepson Manual: vascular plants of California. Madroño 58(4): 273-274.
Libraries and Archives
If you are looking for any botanical reference, I highly recommend our UC and Jepson Library and Archives and our archivist Amy Kasameyer.
There are fantastic archives and field notebooks, and texts that are unavailable elsewhere. Additionally, if you are stumped after searching online
throughout WorldCat and Google, ask Amy [akasameyer@berkeley.edu].
UC and Jepson Library http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/main/libraries.html
UC and Jepson Archives http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/main/archives/
Biodiversity Heritage Library http://biodiversitylibrary.org/
Internet Archive http://archive.org/
Botanicus http://www.botanicus.org/
Google Books http://books.google.com
Digital curation
There are a number of very very good online resources for specimens. Start with the Consortium of California Herbaria, and then see where that
takes you.
Consortium of California Herbaria [CCH] http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/consortium/
UC & JEPS type specimen images http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/db/types/types_table.html
JSTOR Plant Science, this may require institutional or individual subscription or login through MyPlants http://plants.jstor.org/
FORBES, M. 2012. CollectionSpace: A story of open-source software development and user-centered design. Bulletin of the American Society for
Information Science and Technology 38(3): 22-26. CollectionSpace [http://www.collectionspace.org]
Are you looking for a historic name from the Jepson Field Notebooks? http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/images/fieldbooks/jepson_fieldbooks.html
Also, check out the Jepson Place Name Index http://www.mip.berkeley.edu/query_forms/browse_jpn.html
BerkeleyMapper 2.0 http://berkeleymapper.berkeley.edu/
20
FLORAS - Mosses, Algae, and the plants of California
California Moss eFlora http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/CA_moss_eflora/
Index Nominum Algarum Bibliographia Phycologica Universalis [INA] http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/INA.html
Tucker Lichen Catalog of California [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/constancea/85/]
Jepson Horticultural Database http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/db/horticulture/
Smith, J. P. 2010. California Floras: Literature on the identification and uses of California vascular plants. Humboldt State Herbarium Miscellaneous
Publication No. 1 (17th edition):1-71. www.humboldt.edu/herbarium/publications/Bibliographic/California-floras-November-2010.pdf
An exhaustive list of floras in California, periodically updated. If you are looking for regional floras or plant lists check here first.
Flora of North America North of México http://floranorthamerica.org/ Online FNANM published volumes http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.
aspx?flora_id=1
eFloras http://www.efloras.org/
Photographs
CalPhotos http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/
Botanical Glossaries
TJM2 Botanical Glossary pgs 17-34 http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM_glossary.html
Hunt Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNANM) glossary online
http://huntbot.andrew.cmu.edu/hibd/departments/DB-INTRO/IntroFNA.shtml
Fairchild Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Symmetric Plane Figures online http://www.virtualherbarium.org/glossary/ShapeDefs.html
Mabberley, D. J. 2008. Mabberley’s plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification, and uses. Cambridge, UK; New York, Cambridge University Press.
Botanical Latin and Greek
Additional resources for botanical Latin - The 1993 TJM had a lovely discussion on the Pronunciation of Scientific Names pg 11-12.
McNeill, J. 1997. Latin, the Renaissance lingua franca, and English, the 20th century language of science: their role in biotaxonomy. Taxon 46(4):
751-757.
Smith, G. F., E. Figueiredo, and G. Moore. 2011. English and Latin as alternative languages for validating the names of organisms covered by the
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants: The final chapter? Taxon 60(5): 1502-1503.
Stearn, W. T. 2004. Botanical Latin. 4 ed. Portland, Timber Press.
GoogleTranslate http://translate.google.com/
Perseus Digital Library [Perseus 4.0, or Perseus Hopper] http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/
Ancient Greek and Latin Dependency TreeBanks http://nlp.perseus.tufts.edu/syntax/treebank/
Textkit http://www.textkit.com/
Plant names and nomenclature
TROPICOS http://www.tropicos.org/NameSearch.aspx
International Plant Name Index IPNI http://www.ipni.org/ipni/plantnamesearchpage.do
Index Nominum Genericorum http://botany.si.edu/ing/
Reveal, J. 2012. Indices Nominum Supragenericorum Plantarum Vascularium 2011 [cited 15 April 2012]. Available from http://www.plantsystematics.org/Reveal/pbio/fam/allspgnames.html.
MCNEILL, J., F. R. BARRIE, W. R. BUCK, V. DEMOULIN, W. GREUTER, D. L. HAWKSWORTH, P. S. HERENDEEN, S. KNAPP, K. MARHOLD, J.
PRADO, W. F. P. H. V. REINE, G. F. SMITH, J. H. WIERSEMA, and N. J. TURLAND, eds. 2012. International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi,
and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011. Regnum Vegetabile.
Vol. 154: Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Germany. http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php
21
Brummitt, R. K., and C. E. Powell. 1992. Authors of plant names: a list of authors of scientific names of plants, with recommended standard forms of
their names, including abbreviations. [London], Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
International Plant Names Index - Author Search http://www.ipni.org/ipni/authorsearchpage.do
TROPICOS person search http://www.tropicos.org/PersonSearch.aspx
ICBN Article 60 http://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/frameset/0065Ch7OaGoNSec1a60.htm#60.2
Additional workshop notes:
22

START NO GROUP 2 pg 71

Transcription

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