To EV or not to EV? “Alternative power trains as a genuine

To EV or not to EV?
Bart Vanham
Managing Partner
TCOPlus
“Alternative
power trains
as a genuine
option”
Background: clustering alternative power trains
Start-stop technology as the lowest level of hybridization
Mild Hybrid cars
Electric energy, produced continuously or when decelerating, is stored in a battery pack
exceeding those of a start-stop techniques
Parallel hybrid cars
Most widely know and widespread cars (e.g. Toyota Prius Hybrid since 1997)
All electric mode at start-up, low speed traffic jams and when manoeuvring
Plug-in hybrid cars (PHEV)
Equipped with batteries of a greater capacity being charged on an electrical network
Enabling the usage on a daily basis also for long distances
Range Extenders (REEV)
Small fuel engine to reload batteries with a generator used as a range extender to enable longterm distances
All-electric vehicles (BEV)
Stand alone battery electric vehicles which run solely on electricity
Petrol engine
Combining a micro-hybrid with the recovery of energy when breaking
Engine coupled with an electric motor, which powers the vehicle as well on a stand-alone basis
for short distances
Extended EV policy
CNG
Reversible system acting as starter and alternator on a traditional car
Diesel engine
Part of the standard car
policy
Micro-hybrid cars
Segmentation: Vehicle by type (Europe)
Business cars
Mitsubish
Outlander
Volvo
V60
Type 4
D- / Medium SUV-Segment
Focus on transport of 4 persons; bulk load carriage
Ford
Focus
Opel
Ampera
VW
E-Golf*
Nissan
Leaf
Toyota
Prius
1 series
active-e*
BMW
i3
Renault
Zoe
Mitsubishi
M-iEV
Peugeot
iOn
Type 3
C-Segment
Focus on transport of 2-4 persons; increased load
Type 2 B-Segment
Focus on transport of 1-2 persons; increased load
Citroen
C-zero
Smart
VW E-up
*Segmentation based on vehicle size
** i3 positioning is reflecting BMW‘s C-segmentation mixed with actual size of B-segment
Type 1
A-Segment
Focus on transport of 1-2 persons; limited carriage
Luxury
Alternative power train challenge: 3 key subjects for fleet managers
PHEV, REX, EV: Usage patterns
Toyota Prius 18**25
PHEV
Volvo V60
800***
83
83
25** 50
720***
640***
Mitsubish Outlander 26** 52
Opel Ampera*
40
400***
83
Tesla S
Renault Zoe
150
BMW i3
130
Nissan Leaf
EV /
REEV*
VW E-up
Ford Focus
199
190
Type 3
Regular urban, occasional nonurban and exceptional highway
usage
190
130
80**
162
133
160
Citroen C-zero
75
150
Peugeot iOn
75
150
Mitsubishi M-iEV
Smart
340
200
120
BMW 1 series
Type 2
Regular urban, regular non-urban
and occasional highway usage
210
100**
VW E-Golf
800
502
240
170
120
Type 1
Regular urban, regular nonurban and / or regular highway
usage
900
500+
370
BMW i3 REEV*
1000
150
75
72**
145
100
200
300
400
500
Range in km
800
900
1000
Definition:
Urban => suburb and city center travel
Non-urban => travel within regions
Highway => long highway journeys
Fleet match: Are your drivers ready for alternative power trains
• Approach of analysis
Driver survey
• Purpose
Identification of individual car usage patterns
Basis for comparison to EV requirements and technological constraints
• Key topics addressed in questionnaire
Eligibility as tool or benefit car
User profile & mileage patterns
Vehicle segmentation fit
Vehicle preference
Charging facility
Smart phone usage
Example of fleet match: Are your drivers ready for alternative power trains
=> Match of range patterns compared to segmentations patterns as subject of analysis
Range
Segmentation
Type 4
D-/ Medium SUV-Segment Vehicles
Type 1
Regular urban, regular nonurban and / or regular highway
usage
Mitsubish Outlander
Volvo V60
Focus on transport of 4-5 persons; bulk
load carriage
Type 3
C-Segment Vehicles
Focus on transport of 2-4 persons;
increased load
Type 2
Regular urban, regular non-urban and
occasional highway usage
Mitsubish Outlander
Volvo V60
Type 3
Regular urban, occasional nonurban and exceptional highway
usage
Mitsubish Outlander
Volvo V60
Move to REEV by having access to D-segment
vehicles from pool cars or rentals
Toyota Prius
Opel Ampera
Toyota Prius
Opel Ampera
=> Opt for best fit vehicle in segment
(i3 in case of enough space)
Type 2 B-Segment
Focus on transport of 1-2 persons;
increased load
Consider hybrid and/or ICE
engines instead of EVs, if
vehicles in B-segment shall be
used for regular long term
travel at all
Type 1
A-Segment
Focus on transport of 1-2 persons;
limited carriage
Consider hybrid and/or ICE
engines instead of EVs, if
vehicles in A-segment shall be
used for regular long term
travel at all
BMW i3
REEV
Nissan Leaf
Ford Focus
BMW 1 series
VW E-Golf
BMW i3
full electric
Renault Zoe
Consider hybrid and/or ICE
engines instead of EVs *
VW E-up
Citroen C-zero
Peugeot iOn
Mitsubishi M-iEV
Smart
Challenge 2: Business case or TCO impact
Alternative power train cost comparison: different scenario’s
Driver specific
budget levers
Scenario
I
Scenario
II
Scenario
III
Scenario
IV
Vehicle specific cost
levers
Taxation effect for
drivers in TCO
EV taxation effect for
drivers to subsidize
lease rate
Taxation effect for
companies included
in TCO budgets
EV taxation effect for
companies (CTX,
SOC)
TCO budgets
including fuel
EV lease rate
including fuel and
electricity
Current car policy
budgets per driver level
EV lease rate
Challenge 3: Implementation
Province “Vlaams-Brabant” and Voka project: Objectives
• 20 fleet scans for alternative power trains
To provide input to companies on potential for EV, hybrid and CNG based on 3 way approach
To gather information on potential for alternative power trains for small, medium sized and big
companies in order to:
Get insights in potential
Define needed actions to reach potential
Use results to inform and provoke change
2 more scans are available (for free) for 100+ vehicle companies
Thank you
Bart Vanham
bvanham@tcoplus.com
Hans Damen
hdamen@tcoplus.com