Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 21/2014 Table of Contents: Healthy

Health, Education, Social Protection
News & Notes 21/2014
A bi-weekly newsletter supported by GIZ
(Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit)
12 October 2014
You can download back issues (2010 - 2014) of this newsletter at:
http://www.health.bmz.de/en/services/newsletters/HESP_News_Notes/index.jsp
Table of Contents:
HIGHLIGHTS from Healthy DEvelopments ...................... 4
Germany’s commitment to health and social protection ......................................................... 4
Kyrgyzstan hosts first Midwifery Conference in Central Asia.................................................. 4
Opening Pandora’s Box: Training trainers to challenge health workers’ attitudes towards
clients from sexual minority groups ......................................................................................... 4
HIV prevention in Ukraine: Opportunities lost and found ........................................................ 4
The GIZ Strategy Initiative for Regional Response on HIV and AIDS in Southern Africa
(STIRS).................................................................................................................................... 4
Side Event at the Special Session of the UN General Assembly ‘ICPD Beyond 2014’.......... 4
ICPD and Beyond: Investing in Health and Rights ................................................................. 4
BOOKS ................................................................................ 4
Participatory Action Research in Health Systems: A Methods Reader .................................. 4
South African Women as Champions of Change.................................................................... 4
Development Co-operation Report 2014: Mobilising Resources for Sustainable
Development ........................................................................................................................... 5
The World Bank Group A to Z ................................................................................................. 5
Everything you always wanted to know about European Union health policies but were
afraid to ask ............................................................................................................................. 5
ONLINE PUBLICATIONS .................................................... 6
Global Health.............................................................................................................. 6
Climate Change: Challenges and Opportunities for Global Health......................................... 6
HIV - AIDS - STI ......................................................................................................... 6
Migration, sexual networks, and HIV in Agbogbloshie, Ghana ............................................... 6
Risk of HIV transmission from patients on antiretroviral therapy: A position statement from
the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral
Therapy ................................................................................................................................... 7
Sexual & Reproductive Health .................................................................................... 7
Women’s perceptions about abortion in their communities: Perspectives from western
Kenya ...................................................................................................................................... 7
Simple technology for simple solutions: Part 2 – MakaPads .................................................. 7
Neglecting sexuality in sexual and reproductive health: A case of sex workers in
Madagascar............................................................................................................................. 8
Preconception interventions - Reviews ................................................................................... 8
Maternal & Child Health.............................................................................................. 8
Using the infrastructure of a conditional cash transfer program to deliver a scalable
integrated early child development program in Colombia: cluster randomized controlled trial
................................................................................................................................................. 8
The costs and economic impact of violence against children ................................................. 9
HESP-News & Notes - 21/2014 - page 1
Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2000-13, with projections to inform
post-2015 priorities: an updated systematic analysis ............................................................. 9
Struggle for Maternal Health: Barriers to Antenatal Care in South Africa ............................... 9
Maternal mortality in Bangladesh: a Countdown to 2015 country case study ...................... 10
Malaria ..................................................................................................................... 10
Delayed Anemia after Treatment with Injectable Artesunate in the Democratic Republic of
the Congo: A Manageable Issue........................................................................................... 10
Rapid diagnostic tests for diagnosing uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in endemic
countries ................................................................................................................................ 10
Accessibility, availability and utilisation of malaria interventions among women of
reproductive age in Kilosa district in central Tanzania.......................................................... 11
Tuberculosis ............................................................................................................. 11
Global Financing and Long-Term Technical Assistance for Multidrug-Resistant
Tuberculosis: Scaling Up Access to Treatment .................................................................... 11
Ebola / Other Infectious Diseases............................................................................. 12
Laboratory Guidance for the Diagnosis of Ebola Virus Disease - Interim Recommendations
............................................................................................................................................... 12
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD): Waste Management Guidance ................................................ 12
WHO: Ebola Response Roadmap Situation Report - 8 October 2014 ................................. 12
WHO: Ebola Response Roadmap Update - 10 October 2014.............................................. 13
Dengue fever: a Wikipedia clinical review............................................................................. 13
Food & Nutrition........................................................................................................ 13
Communication for Behavior Change in Nutrition Projects: A Guide for World Bank Task
Managers .............................................................................................................................. 13
Essential Medicines .................................................................................................. 13
Trading Away Access to Medicines – Revisited.................................................................... 13
Medicines in Health Systems: Advancing access, affordability and appropriate use ........... 14
WHO Drug Information Vol. 28, N° 3 .................................................................................... 14
Social Protection....................................................................................................... 14
Acceptability of conditions in a community-led cash transfer programme for orphaned and
vulnerable children in Zimbabwe........................................................................................... 14
Social protection for older persons: Key policy trends and statistics .................................... 15
Water, Sanitation & Hygiene..................................................................................... 15
Effectiveness of a rural sanitation programme on diarrhoea, soil-transmitted helminth
infection, and child malnutrition in Odisha, India: a cluster-randomised trial ........................ 15
Human Resources.................................................................................................... 16
A Community Health Worker "logic model": towards a theory of enhanced performance in
low- and middle-income countries......................................................................................... 16
Health Systems & Research ..................................................................................... 16
Science and Practice of People-Centred Health Systems (PCHS) ...................................... 16
How people-centred health systems can reach the grassroots: experiences implementing
community-level quality improvement in rural Tanzania and Uganda .................................. 16
Tackling health inequities: from concepts to practice: The experience of Västra Götaland . 17
Purchasing arrangements with the private sector to provide primary health care in
underserved areas ................................................................................................................ 17
Effects of librarian-provided services in healthcare settings: a systematic review ............... 17
Information & Communication Technology ............................................................... 18
Science for sale: the rise of predatory journals ..................................................................... 18
African medical journals partner with leading journals to boost impact ................................ 18
Open access for operational research publications from low- and middle-income countries:
who pays? ............................................................................................................................. 18
Education ................................................................................................................. 19
A glimpse at the school dropout problem.............................................................................. 19
Millennium Development Goals ................................................................................ 19
Making it happen: Oxfam’s proposals for the post-2015 framework..................................... 19
Post-2015 agenda: mission impossible?............................................................................... 20
Health, equity and the post-2015 agenda: raising the voices of marginalized communities 20
Development Assistance .......................................................................................... 20
Financing Growth: Foreign Aid vs. Foreign Loans ................................................................ 20
The World Bank Annual Report 2014 ................................................................................... 21
HESP-News & Notes - 21/2014 - page 2
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES ............................................ 21
South African Medical Journal - Vol. 104 No. 10 .................................................................. 21
Bulletin of the World Health Organization – Vol. 92, Nr. 10, October 2014 .......................... 21
Emerging Infectious Diseases............................................................................................... 22
INTERESTING WEB SITES .............................................. 22
The Woman and Child Health Research Centre (W&CHRC) ............................................... 22
TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES............................................ 22
Online Course: Fundamentals of Global Health.................................................................... 22
CONFERENCES................................................................ 22
th
9 European Congress on Tropical Medicine and International Health................................ 22
CARTOON ......................................................................... 23
TIPS & TRICKS ................................................................. 23
A quick search shortcut in MS Windows ............................................................................... 23
The Trick to Unlimited Gmail Addresses............................................................................... 23
Fair Use:
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HESP-News & Notes - 21/2014 - page 3
HIGHLIGHTS from Healthy DEvelopments
Germany’s commitment to health and social protection
Kyrgyzstan hosts first Midwifery Conference in Central Asia
Opening Pandora’s Box: Training trainers to challenge health workers’ attitudes towards clients from sexual minority groups
HIV prevention in Ukraine: Opportunities lost and found
The GIZ Strategy Initiative for Regional Response on HIV and AIDS in Southern Africa (STIRS)
Side Event at the Special Session of the UN General Assembly ‘ICPD Beyond 2014’
ICPD and Beyond: Investing in Health and Rights
More at: http://health.bmz.de/
BOOKS
Participatory Action Research in Health Systems: A Methods Reader
by Rene Loewenson, Asa C Laurell, Christer Hogstedt et al.
Published by the Regional Network for Equity in Health in East and
Southern Africa (EQUINET) in association with Training and Research
Support Centre (TARSC), Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research (AHPSR), World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Canada, 2014
125 pp. 3.5 MB:
http://www.equinetafrica.org/bibl/docs/PAR%20Methods%20Reader2014%20for%20web.pdf
In the 21st century there is a growing demand to channel collective energy towards justice and equity in health, and to better understand the social processes that influence
health and health systems. Communities, frontline health workers and other grass-roots
actors play a key role in responding to this demand, in raising critical questions, building
new knowledge and provoking and carrying out action to transform health systems and
improve health. There is a widening array of methods, tools and capacities – old and
new – to increase social participation and power in generating new knowledge through
participatory research. At the same time, we need to be clear about exactly what participatory research is and what it can offer.
***
South African Women as Champions of Change
by Margaret Chitiga-Mabugu, Selma Karuaihe, Vasu Reddy et al.
Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), March 2014
Download chapter by chapter (103 pp.) at:
http://www.hsrcpress.ac.za/product.php?productid=2313&cat=0&page=1
&featured&freedownload=1#
The publication of this book forms part of a civil society programme of action for the African Women’s Decade, co-ordinated by South African Women in Dialogue (SAWID). It
reports on the main issues facing South African women, namely: 1) poverty eradication
HESP-News & Notes - 21/2014 - page 4
in the context of gender; 2) early childhood development in the context of gender; 3) violence against women; and 4) co-ordination of civil society initiatives. A fifth theme which
cuts across all the others is employment creation.
***
Development Co-operation Report 2014: Mobilising Resources for Sustainable Development
by Erik Solheim, Hildegard Lingnau, Julia Sattelberger et al.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
Publishing, 07 October 2014
430 pp. 16.9 MB(!):
http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/development-co-operation-report2014_5jz2lq2522xp.pdf?contentType=%2fns%2fOECDBook%2c%2fns%2fBook&itemId=%2fcontent%2fbook%2
fdcr-2014-en&mimeType=application%2fpdf&containerItemId=%2fcontent%2fserial%2f20747721&accessItemIds=
Successful south-south aid initiatives by Brazil and China have included infrastructure
and employment initiatives. If the world is to meet its goals for sustainable development,
traditional donors must think more globally, cooperate more closely with emerging donors and mobilise the huge sums that exist in untapped resources. The report addresses important challenges for the international development community and provides pra ctical guidance and recommendations on how to tackle them. Moreover, it reports the
profiles and performance of Development Assistance Committee (DAC) development
co-operation providers and presents DAC statistics on official development assistance
(ODA) and private resource flows.
***
The World Bank Group A to Z
by Stephen McGroarty, Jewel McFadden, Dana Lane et al.
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World
Bank, 2015
258 pp. 17.3 MB (!):
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/20
192/9781464803826.pdf?sequence=8
The book provides ready-reference insight into the history, mission, organization, policies, financial services, and knowledge products of the institution’s five agencies. Each
of the more than 200 entries are arranged in encyclopedic A-to-Z format and are extensively cross-referenced to related information in the book. This volume also has a detailed index, reference materials on World Bank Group country membership, organizational charts of the five agencies, and information about how to connect with or work for
the institution.
***
Everything you always wanted to know about European Union health policies but were afraid to ask
by Scott L. Greer, Nick Fahy, Heather A. Elliott et al.
The European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, 2014
162 pp. 3.7 MB:
http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/259955/Everyt
hing-you-always-wanted-to-know-about-European-Union-health-policiesbut-were-afraid-to-ask.pdf
HESP-News & Notes - 21/2014 - page 5
What does the European Union mean for health and health systems? More than one
would think. This short book makes EU health policy in its entirety (and complexity) a ccessible to political and technical debate. To this end the volume focuses on four aspects of EU health policy:
 the EU institutions, processes and powers related to health;
 the EU action taken on the basis of this health mandate;
 the non-health action affecting health and health systems;
 and, because of its growing importance, financial governance and what it means for
European health systems.
ONLINE PUBLICATIONS
Global Health
Climate Change: Challenges and Opportunities for Global Health
by Jonathan A. Patz, Howard Frumkin, Tracey Holloway et al.
JAMA, Published online September 22, 2014
16 pp. 492 kB:
http://jama.jamanetwork.com/data/Journals/JAMA/0/jsc140007.pdf?v=635467564
978030000
Health is inextricably linked to climate change. It is important for clinicians to understand
this relationship in order to discuss associated health risks with their patients and to i nform public policy. The study thoroughly assesses the health risks associated with climate change. Some well-known - heat stress, increased cardiac arrests, decreased
work productivity - and others that are not as widely reported, including weakened respiratory health, increases in infectious diseases and higher levels of mental stress.
HIV - AIDS - STI
Migration, sexual networks, and HIV in Agbogbloshie, Ghana
by Susan Cassels, Samuel M. Jenness, Adriana A. E. Biney et al.
Demographic Research, Vol. 31, Article 28, pp. 861-888 (10 October 2014)
30 pp. 1.6 MB:
http://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol31/28/31-28.pdf
HIV is spread through structured sexual networks, which are influenced by migration
patterns, but network-oriented studies of mobility and HIV risk behaviour have been limited. The authors conclude that population-based surveys of migration and sexual risk
behaviour using relationship history calendars in low-resource settings can produce high
quality data. Residents in Agbogbloshie are disproportionately affected by HIV, and
have high levels of short-term mobility. HIV prevention interventions targeted to highly
mobile populations in high prevalence settings may have far-reaching and long-term implications.
***
HESP-News & Notes - 21/2014 - page 6
Risk of HIV transmission from patients on antiretroviral therapy: A position
statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy
by Jan Albert, Torsten Berglund, Magnus Gisslén et al.
Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2014; 46: 673–677
5 pp. 69 kB:
http://informahealthcare.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/00365548.2014.926565
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been shown to reduce the transmission risk from individual patients as well as the spread of the infection at the population level. This position
statement summarizes the latest research and knowledge on the risk of HIV transmi ssion from patients on ART, with a focus on the risk of sexual transmission. Based on
current knowledge, the risk of transmission through vaginal or anal intercourse involving
the use of a condom has been judged to be minimal, provided that the person infected
with HIV fulfils the criteria for effective ART. ART is judged to markedly reduce the risk
of blood-borne transmission between people who share injection equipment. Finally, the
risk of transmission from mother to child is very low, provided that ART is started well in
advance of delivery.
Sexual & Reproductive Health
Women’s perceptions about abortion in their communities: Perspectives
from western Kenya
by Heather M Marlow, Sylvia Wamugi, Erick Yegon et al.
Reproductive Health Matters 2014;22(43):149–158
10 pp. 545 kB:
http://www.ipas.org/~/media/Files/Ipas%20Publications/MarlowRHM2014.ashx
The results of the study indicate that abortion outside public health facilities was mentioned frequently. Because of the need for secrecy to avoid condemnation, uncertainty
about the law, and perceived higher cost of safer abortion methods, women sought u nsafe abortions from community midwives, drug sellers and/or untrained providers at
lower cost. Many groups incorrectly believed that abortion was safer at higher gestational ages, but that there was no such thing as a safe abortion method. Barriers to
seeking safe services such as high cost, perceived illegality, and fear of insults and
abuse at public facilities among both age groups must be addressed.
***
Simple technology for simple solutions: Part 2 – MakaPads
by Lonnie Kehler
Consultancy Africa Intelligence (Pty) Ltd, 25 September 2014
Read online at:
http://www.consultancyafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=171
5:simple-technology-for-simple-solutions-part-2-makapads&catid=90:optimisticafrica&Itemid=295
The myths and misconceptions surrounding the taboo subject of menstruation affect the
HESP-News & Notes - 21/2014 - page 7
quality of education for many young girls in Africa, who often lack proper access to san itary protection and facilities. Using only cheap and abundant local resources, MakaPads
are a simple technological innovation that provides schoolgirls with affordable prote ction, and in turn, greater comfort, confidence and learning ability. This paper is part two
of a two-part series that discusses the benefits and potential of utilizing simple and attainable technologies to tackle issues affecting Africans.
***
Neglecting sexuality in sexual and reproductive health: A case of sex
workers in Madagascar
by Kumud Rana
Consultancy Africa Intelligence (Pty) Ltd, 17 September 2014
Read online at:
http://www.consultancyafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=171
2:neglecting-sexuality-in-sexual-and-reproductive-health-a-case-of-sex-workers-inmadagascar&catid=91:rights-in-focus&Itemid=296
This paper analyses sexual and reproductive health (SRH) interventions aimed at female sex workers in Madagascar in order to understand the extent to which they meet
the workers’ sexual and reproductive rights. The paper argues that a dissociation of
rights from the SRH paradigm and the limited consideration of issues of sexuality are inadequate in ensuring equal rights related to non-discrimination and well-being of all
groups of women.
***
Preconception interventions - Reviews
Edited by Jose Belizan
Reproductive Health, Volume 11, Suppl 3 (26 September 2014)
http://www.reproductive-health-journal.com/supplements/11/S3
The journal Reproductive Health has published a supplement entitled 'Preconception Interventions' which includes a series of systematic reviews regarding the impact of public
health interventions during the preconception period on maternal and child health.
These articles describe the role that poor preconception health plays in creating health
disparities across the globe. The reviews highlight our current understanding (or lack
thereof) regarding how both maternal and paternal preconception health and knowledge
shapes the long-term health of not only children, but of families, communities, and nations.
Maternal & Child Health
Using the infrastructure of a conditional cash transfer program to deliver a
scalable integrated early child development program in Colombia: cluster
randomized controlled trial
Orazio P Attanasio, Camila Fernández, Emla O A Fitzsimons et al.
BMJ 2014;349:g5785 - Published 29 September 2014
HESP-News & Notes - 21/2014 - page 8
12 pp. 1.9 MB:
http://www.bmj.com/content/349/bmj.g5785.full.pdf+html
Using the infrastructure of a national welfare program the authors implemented an integrated early child development intervention on a large scale and showed its potential for
improving children’s cognitive development. They found no effect of supplementation on
developmental or health outcomes. Moreover, supplementation did not interact with
stimulation. The implementation model for delivering stimulation suggests that it may
serve as a promising blueprint for future policy on early childhood development.
***
The costs and economic impact of violence against children
by Paola Pereznieto, Andres Montes, Solveig Routier et al.
Overseas Development Institute (ODI), September 2014
79 pp. 1.1 MB:
http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publicationsopinion-files/9177.pdf
This study estimates that the global economic impacts and costs resulting from the consequences of physical, psychological and sexual violence against children can be as
high as US$ 7 trillion. This massive cost is higher than the investment required to pr event much of that violence.
***
Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2000-13, with
projections to inform post-2015 priorities: an updated systematic analysis
by Li Liu, Shefali Oza, Daniel Hogan et al.
The Lancet, Early Online Publication, 1 October 2014
11 pp. 797 kB:
http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS01406736
14616986.pdf
Trend data for causes of child death are crucial to inform priorities for improving child
survival by and beyond 2015. The authors report child mortality by cause estimates in
2000-13, and cause-specific mortality scenarios to 2030 and 2035. Their projection results provide concrete examples of how the distribution of child causes of deaths could
look in 15-20 years to inform priority setting in the post-2015 era. More evidence is
needed about shifts in timing, causes, and places of under-5 deaths to inform child survival agendas by and beyond 2015, to end preventable child deaths in a generation, and
to count and account for every newborn and every child.
***
Struggle for Maternal Health: Barriers to Antenatal Care in South Africa
Amnesty International, October 2014
100 pp. 1.9 MB:
http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AFR53/006/2014/en/37182be0-efcd4740-82b9-759a8ff8e3cd/afr530062014en.pdf
HESP-News & Notes - 21/2014 - page 9
Access to antenatal care early in pregnancy is vital to protect the health
and lives of women and girls. In South Africa, however, even though
such care is free, many women and girls do not attend clinics until the
later stages of their pregnancy. This has grave consequences for their
health, and can be fatal in a country where around a third of pregnant
women are living with HIV and three-quarters are living in poverty. The
report calls on the South African authorities to remove these barriers, so
that women and girls can access their right to health.
***
Maternal mortality in Bangladesh: a Countdown to 2015 country case study
by Shams El Arifeen, Kenneth Hill, Karar Zunaid Ahsan et al.
The Lancet, Vol. 384, Issue 9951, pp. 1366-1374, 11 October 2014
9 pp. 660 kB:
http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673614609557.pdf
Bangladesh is one of the only nine Countdown countries that are on track to achieve the
primary target of Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 5 by 2015. The decrease in m aternal mortality rate (MMR) in Bangladesh seems to have been the result of factors both
within and outside the health sector. This finding holds important lessons for other cou ntries as the world discusses and decides on the post-MDG goals and strategies. For
Bangladesh, this case study provides a strong rationale for the pursuit of a broader developmental agenda alongside increased and accelerated investments in improving a ccess to and quality of public and private health-care facilities providing maternal health
in Bangladesh.
Malaria
Delayed Anemia after Treatment with Injectable Artesunate in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Manageable Issue
by Christian Burri, Giovanfrancesco Ferrari, Henry Maggi Ntuku et al.
Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014, Vol. 91, No. 4, 821-823
3 pp. 571 kB:
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/91/4/821.full.pdf#page=1&view=FitH
Cases of delayed hemolytic anemia have been described after treatment with injectable
artesunate, the current World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended first-line drug
for the treatment of severe malaria. The proportion of patients with severe anemia in this
study groups was below 1% for the whole duration of the follow-up period. In all cases,
delayed anemia was clinically manageable with appropriate and prompt care.
***
Rapid diagnostic tests for diagnosing uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria
in endemic countries
by Katharine Abba, Jonathan J Deeks, Piero L Olliaro et al.
The Cochrane Library, Published Online: 6 July 2011
HESP-News & Notes - 21/2014 - page 10
271 pp. 2.4 MB:
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/store/10.1002/14651858.CD00812
2.pub2/asset/CD008122.pdf
The World Health Organization now recommends that malaria is always confirmed with a diagnostic test before treatment. The gold
standard test is light microscopy, but this is often unavailable in rural
areas of Africa. Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) are simple to use diagnostic kits which
do not require laboratory facilities or extensive training, and can provide a simple pos itive or negative result within 20 minutes. This review assesses the diagnostic accuracy
of RDTs for detecting P. falciparum parasitaemia compared to light microscopy and presents data by test type and brand.
***
Accessibility, availability and utilisation of malaria interventions among
women of reproductive age in Kilosa district in central Tanzania
by Susan F Rumisha, Maria M Zinga, Carolyn A Fahey et al.
BMC Health Services Research 2014, 14:452 (2 October 2014)
10 pp. 1.1 MB:
http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6963-14-452.pdf
This study showed that the knowledge of the pregnant women on malaria in pregnancy
and intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) was average and is likely to
have an impact on the low IPTp coverage. Campaigns that provide educational massages on the risk of malaria during pregnancy and the usefulness of IPTp need to be
emphasised.
Tuberculosis
Global Financing and Long-Term Technical Assistance for MultidrugResistant Tuberculosis: Scaling Up Access to Treatment
by Thomas J. Hwang and Salmaan Keshavjee
PLoS Med 11(9): e1001738 (September 30, 2014)
6 pp. 358 kB:
http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.13
71%2Fjournal.pmed.1001738&representation=PDF
The cost of treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is over 200 times
the comparable cost for a drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB) patient. In order to achieve
the goal of eradicating MDR-TB, policymakers should implement a two-pronged intervention that pools donor resources for the coupling of market-oriented solutions to MDRTB drug prices and targeted investments in health systems strengthening and innovative care delivery models. Innovative policy mechanisms piloted for other infectious diseases, such as pneumococcal vaccine, may offer lessons for the MDR-TB context.
***
HESP-News & Notes - 21/2014 - page 11
Ebola / Other Infectious Diseases
Laboratory Guidance for the Diagnosis of Ebola Virus Disease - Interim
Recommendations
World Health Organization, 19 September 2014
6 pp. 451 kB:
http://www.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/134009/1/WHO_EVD_GUI
DANCE_LAB_14.1_eng.pdf?ua=1
These recommendations reflect current understanding of Ebola virus
disease (EVD) and are intended for national laboratory staff performing diagnostic tes ting to detect Ebola virus. WHO continues to monitor the situation closely for any changes that may affect these recommendations. Should any factors change, WHO will issue
a further update. These recommendations are not intended for laboratories performing
patient care and management testing such as biochemistry and haematology.
***
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD): Waste Management Guidance
UNICEF Supply Division, 26 September 2014
6 pp. 202 kB:
http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/UNICEF_Ebol
a_Waste_Management_Guidance_Note_26_09_2014.pdf
In addition to the need to break the transmission of EVD between health care workers
and their surrounding working environment, EVD waste management control measures
must also be applied. EVD infected waste poses a health risk through the retransmission of EVD in outbreak settings. Appropriate waste management and handling needs
to be highly effective in order to contain the outbreak and break any environmental viral
transmission lines.
***
WHO: Ebola Response Roadmap Situation Report - 8 October 2014
10 pp. 1.5 MB:
http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/136020/1/roadmapsitrep_8O
ct2014_eng.pdf
The total number of confirmed, probable, and suspected cases in the West
African epidemic of Ebola virus disease (EVD) reported up to the end of 5
October 2014 (epidemiological week 40) is 8033 with 3865 deaths. Countries affected
are Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and the United States of America.
A confirmed case of EVD has been reported in Spain. The past week has seen a
continuation of recent trends: the situation in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone
continues to deteriorate, with widespread and persistent transmission of EVD.
***
HESP-News & Notes - 21/2014 - page 12
WHO: Ebola Response Roadmap Update - 10 October 2014
4 pp. 586 kB:
http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/136161/1/roadmapupdate10Oct14_eng.pdf
8376 (probable, confirmed and suspected) cases and 4024 deaths from EVD have been
reported up to the end of 7 October 2014 by the Ministries of Health of Guinea and
Liberia, and up to the end of 8 October by the Ministry of Health of Sierra Leone.
***
Dengue fever: a Wikipedia clinical review
by James M Heilman, Jacob De Wolff, Graham M Beards et al.
Open Medicine, Vol. 8(4), October 2, 2014, pp.105-115
11 pp. 1.4 MB:
http://www.openmedicine.ca/article/viewFile/562/564
In this issue of Open Medicine, the authors have published the first ever formally peerreviewed, and edited, Wikipedia article. The clinical topic is Dengue Fever. Though
there may be a need for shorter, more focused clinical articles published elsewhere as
this one expands, it is anticipated that the Wikipedia page on Dengue will be a reference
against which all others can be compared. Though it might be decades before we see
an end to Dengue, perhaps the end to exhaustive or expensive searches about what yet
needs to be done, can bring it sooner.
Food & Nutrition
Communication for Behavior Change in Nutrition Projects: A Guide for
World Bank Task Managers
by Michael Favin and Marcia Griffiths
Human Development Network, The World
Bank, August 1999
131 pp. 256 kB:
http://www.idpas.org/pdf/2019CommunicationFor.pdf
This guide offers an approach that should help Task Managers plan more effective nutrition projects. Although malnutrition clearly is a complex problem, in many circumstances
it is possible for programs to improve nutritional status by helping families make small
but important improvements in child feeding and maternal nutrition that require little if
any additional food or major hardware investments. The investments are primarily in
human resource development - in changing attitudes and behaviours among policy
makers, health care or agricultural agents, and mothers and other persons in communities and households.
Essential Medicines
Trading Away Access to Medicines – Revisited
How the European trade agenda continues to undermine access to medicines
HESP-News & Notes - 21/2014 - page 13
Joint Agency Briefing Paper, 29 September 2014
40 pp. 425 kB:
http://haieurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Trading-AwayAccess-to-Medicines-Revisited.pdf
The failure of the current pharmaceutical research and development
(R&D) system is revealed by the World Health Organization (WHO) alert about the lack
of effective medicines to address antimicrobial resistance, and the absence of a treatment for the deadly Ebola virus that is ravaging communities in West Africa at the time
of writing. The European Commission (EC) has implemented a trade agenda that favours the commercial interests of the multinational pharmaceutical industry over the
health of people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Such trade policies have
triggered an outcry from European citizens, experts and organizations, who are asking
for the public interest to be prioritized in trade discussions.
***
Medicines in Health Systems: Advancing access, affordability and appropriate use
Edited by: Maryam Bigdeli, David H. Peters, Anita K. Wagner
World Health Organization, 2014
117 pp. 1.7 MB:
http://www.who.int/entity/alliance-hpsr/resources/FR_webfinal_v1.pdf
Through the use of country case-studies, the Report evaluates the stated goals of medicines policies against their actual outcomes and implementation challenges. The Report
also offers guidance and recommendations to inform, monitor, and appraise the inevitable reforms required to increase the availability of quality-assured, cost-effective medicines in resource-poor settings.
***
WHO Drug Information Vol. 28, N° 3
84 pp. 1.0 MB:
http://www.who.int/entity/medicines/publications/druginformation/
WHO_DI_28-3_web.pdf
The third issue for 2014 opens with a section on Regulatory Harmonization. The section on WHO Prequalification describes prequalification
processes and outcomes for vaccines and for diagnostic products. The
Safety News section highlights information on reports of adverse drug reactions, regulatory warnings and recommendations including labelling changes. The issue concludes
with the 72nd List of Recommended International Nonproprietary Names (INN).
Social Protection
Acceptability of conditions in a community-led cash transfer programme
for orphaned and vulnerable children in Zimbabwe
by Morten Skovdal, Laura Robertson, Phyllis Mushati et al.
Health Policy Plan. (2014) 29 (7): 809-817 - First published online: September 9, 2013
HESP-News & Notes - 21/2014 - page 14
9 pp. 142 kB:
http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/29/7/809.full.pdf+html
Evidence suggests that a regular and reliable transfer of cash to households with orphaned and vulnerable children has a strong and positive
effect on child outcomes. However, conditional cash transfers are considered by some as particularly intrusive and the question on whether or
not to apply conditions to cash transfers is an issue of controversy. Contributing to policy
debates on the appropriateness of conditions, this article sets out to investigate the
overall buy-in of conditions by different stakeholders and to identify pathways that contribute to an acceptability of conditions.
***
Social protection for older persons: Key policy trends and statistics
by Isabel Ortiz, Krzysztof Hagemejer, Anne Drouin et al.
Social Protection Department, International Labour Office,
2014
150 pp. 4.3 MB:
http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/--dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_310211.pdf
This policy paper:
 provides a global overview of the organization of pension systems, their coverage
and benefits, as well as public expenditures on social security, in 178 countries
 analyses trends and recent policies, e.g. extension of coverage in a large number of
low-and middle-income countries
 presents the negative impacts of fiscal consolidation and adjustment measures in a
number of higher-income economies; and
 calls for the expansion of social protection in pursuit of crisis recovery, inclusive development and social justice
Water, Sanitation & Hygiene
Effectiveness of a rural sanitation programme on diarrhoea, soiltransmitted helminth infection, and child malnutrition in Odisha, India: a
cluster-randomised trial
by Thomas Clasen, Sophie Boisson, Parimita Routray et al.
The Lancet Global Health - Early Online Publication, 10 October 2014
9 pp. 289 kB:
http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/langlo/PIIS2214109X1
4703079.pdf
Increased latrine coverage is generally believed to be effective for reducing exposure to
faecal pathogens and preventing disease; however, the results of this study show that
this outcome cannot be assumed. As efforts to improve sanitation are being undertaken
worldwide, approaches should not only meet international coverage targets, but should
also be implemented in a way that achieves uptake, reduces exposure, and delivers
genuine health gains.
***
HESP-News & Notes - 21/2014 - page 15
Human Resources
A Community Health Worker "logic model": towards a theory of enhanced
performance in low- and middle-income countries
by Joseph F Naimoli, Diana E Frymus, Tana Wuliji et al.
Human Resources for Health 2014, 12:56 (2 October 2014)
16 pp. 479 kB:
http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/pdf/1478-4491-12-56.pdf
There has been a resurgence of interest in national Community Health Worker (CHW)
programs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). A lack of strong research evidence persists, however, about the most efficient and effective strategies to ensure o ptimal, sustained performance of CHWs at scale. To facilitate learning and research to
address this knowledge gap, the authors developed a generic CHW logic model that
proposes a theoretical causal pathway to improved performance. The logic model draws
upon available research and expert knowledge on CHWs in LMICs.
Health Systems & Research
Science and Practice of People-Centred Health Systems (PCHS)
Guest Editors: Kabir Sheikh, Michael Kent Ranson and Lucy Gilson
Health Policy Plan. (2014) Vol. 29 (suppl. 2), September 2014
Free access to all articles at:
http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/29/suppl_2.toc
This supplement is a joint production of Health Policy and Planning and
the organizers of the Third Global Symposium on Health Systems Research, Cape
Town, 2014. Its release is timed to coincide with the Symposium, that takes as its
theme, the science and practice of people-centred health systems. It is anticipated that
the supplement will inform debates in the Symposium, and also that well beyond the
event, it will open up the topic for continued investigation, reaffirmation and challenge in
the practical as well as the academic realms of health policy and systems.
***
How people-centred health systems can reach the grassroots: experiences
implementing community-level quality improvement in rural Tanzania and
Uganda
by Tara Tancred, Rogers Mandu, Claudia Hanson et al.
Health Policy Plan. (2014) - First published online: October 1, 2014
13 pp. 332 kB:
http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/09/21/heapol.czu070.full.pdf+html
Quality improvement (QI) methods engage stakeholders in identifying problems, creating strategies called change ideas to address those problems, testing those change
ideas and scaling them up where successful. These methods have rarely been used at
the community level in low-income country settings. Here the authors share experiences
from rural Tanzania and Uganda, where QI was applied as part of the Expanded Quality
HESP-News & Notes - 21/2014 - page 16
Management Using Information Power (EQUIP) intervention with the aim of improving
maternal and newborn health.
***
Tackling health inequities: from concepts to practice: The experience of
Västra Götaland
Edited by Nancy Gravesen
WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2014
36 pp. 924 kB:
http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/256783/Tackl
ing-health-inequities-from-concepts-to-practice-The-experience-ofVastra-Gotaland.pdf?ua=1
This report describes the process that the Region Västra Götaland, Sweden followed to
mainstream health equity in its regional health plan; this resulted in the adoption of the
Action Plan for Health Equity in Region Västra Götaland. This publication give an account of not only the factors that made the Action Plan possible but also the obstacles
encountered and the measures taken to overcome them. The report illustrates how the
whole-of-government and whole-of-society approaches central to the new European
health policy, Health 2020, were implemented in a real setting.
***
Purchasing arrangements with the private sector to provide primary health
care in underserved areas
by Krishna Hort, Matthias Nachtnebel, Ashleigh O’Mahony et al.
World Health Organization, 2014 (on behalf of the Asia Pacific Observatory on Health Systems and Policies)
77 pp. 2.3 MB:
http://www.wpro.who.int/asia_pacific_observatory/resources/policy
_briefs/policy_biref_purchasing_arrangements.pdf?ua=1
The health systems of most countries in the Asia Pacific region are characterized by the
provision of services through both public and private providers, often in parallel or in
competition with each other. This has raised the option for governments to purchase
services from the private sector, to address gaps in services particularly for the poor and
underserved. This policy brief reviews the evidence base of government purchasing
primary care services from the private sector. It aims to provide guidance to policy m akers on the contextual factors that need consideration, as well as reviewing different pu rchasing mechanisms.
***
Effects of librarian-provided services in healthcare settings: a systematic
review
by Laure Perrier, Ann Farrell, A Patricia Ayala et al.
J Am Med Inform Assoc, 2014;21:1118-1124
8 pp. 818 kB:
http://jamia.bmj.com/content/21/6/1118.full.pdf+html
Librarian-provided services directed to participants in training programs (e.g., students,
HESP-News & Notes - 21/2014 - page 17
residents) improve skills in searching the literature to facilitate the integration of r esearch evidence into clinical decision-making. Services provided to clinicians were
shown to be effective in saving time for health professionals and providing relevant information for decision-making. Two studies indicated patient length of stay was reduced
when clinicians requested literature searches related to a patient's case.
Information & Communication Technology
Science for sale: the rise of predatory journals
by Robert E Bartholomew
J R Soc Med, October 2014 Vol. 107 No. 10 pp. 384-385
2 pp. 414 kB:
http://jrs.sagepub.com/content/107/10/384.full.pdf
A new threat has emerged to the integrity of academic publishing: predatory journals.
These unscrupulous publishers are exploiting the open-access (OA) model by corrupting the peer-review process, which is often absent or minimal. Their motivation is the
procurement of evaluation and publication fees, which in the absence of traditional subscription rates are necessary to cover operating costs. While many OA journals are l egitimate enterprises that contribute to the ever-growing body of scientific knowledge, it is
painfully evident that a significant number are untrustworthy.
***
African medical journals partner with leading journals to boost impact
by Ylann Schemm
Elsevier Connect - 26 September 2014
Read online at:
http://www.elsevier.com/connect/african-medical-journals-partner-withleading-journals-to-boost-impact
Much of the research done in Africa is hard to find - for scientists locally or anywhere
else in the world. The numbers are promising, however: from 1996 to 2012, scientific r esearch papers with an African author quadrupled from 12,500 to over 52,000. Put a nother way, African author article share nearly doubled during this decade from 1.2 percent to 2.3 percent. But this is just the tip of the iceberg. Often targeting critical local issues, African research is frequently published in unindexed local or regional journals, or
it may be found languishing as a hard copy on a dusty shelf, part of vast body of African
grey literature.
***
Open access for operational research publications from low- and middleincome countries: who pays?
by R. Zachariah, A. M. V. Kumar, A. J. Reid et al.
Public Health Action, Vol. 4, No. 3, (21 September 2014)
4 pp. 109 kB:
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/iuatld/pha/2014/00000004/00000003/art00005
HESP-News & Notes - 21/2014 - page 18
Open-access journal publications aim to ensure that new knowledge is widely disseminated and made freely accessible in a timely manner so that it can be used to improve
people's health, particularly those in low- and middle-income countries. In this paper, the
authors briefly explain the differences between closed- and open-access journals, including the evolving idea of the 'open-access spectrum'. They highlight the potential
benefits of supporting open access for operational research, and discuss the conu ndrum and ways forward as regards who pays for open access.
Education
A glimpse at the school dropout problem
by Aniceto C. Orbeta Jr.
The Filipino Child Policy Brief, Philippine Institute for Development
Studies, 2010
4 pp. 94 kB:
http://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/pn/pidsbrief04.pdf
Dropouts may appear small in number but they are preponderant among the poor which
thereupon turns the wheels of intergenerational transmission of poverty against them.
The Philippines sees a considerable number of school-aged children who are not in
school and most probably, it is not of their own choice. Given the preponderance of
economic reasons for dropping out, sustained and inclusive economic growth would be
the long-term solution. Ongoing conditional cash transfer programmes which provide
cash to poor families if they keep their children in school should be able to make a dent
on the dropout problem, particularly for those citing employment or looking for work as a
reason.
Millennium Development Goals
Making it happen: Oxfam’s proposals for the post-2015 framework
by David Taylor, Hannah Stoddart, Stephen Hale et al.
Oxfam International, June 2014
44 pp. 1.3 MB:
http://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/oxfam/bitstream/10546/31
7610/19/bp187-making-happen-proposals-post-2015-framework170614-en.pdf
The briefing argues that, as the era of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
comes to an end, two major injustices continue to undermine the efforts of millions of
people to escape poverty and hunger: inequality and climate change. It argues that the
post-2015 framework that succeeds the MDGs must address these twin challenges
through stand-alone goals to eradicate extreme economic inequality and to ensure climate-resilient and sustainable low-carbon development, as well as in targets throughout
the framework that address both.
***
HESP-News & Notes - 21/2014 - page 19
Post-2015 agenda: mission impossible?
by Jan Vandemoortele
Development Studies Research: Vol. 1, Issue 1, July 2014
11 pp. 176 kB:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21665095.2014.943415
The article argues that a post-2015 agenda fit for the purpose is not ‘mission impossible’. Yet, it will require that some prerequisites are fulfilled which are currently being ci rcumvented. If stakeholders continue to focus on the list of global targets, the outcome of
their negotiations will be either an overloaded agenda or no agenda at all. Each stak eholder has to choose between keeping the DNA of the MDGs intact – i.e. clear, concise,
computable – or venturing into genetic modification that risks turning into an unending
and fuzzy wish list.
Health, equity and the post-2015 agenda: raising the voices of marginalized
communities
Edited by Eric Friedman, Peter Hill, Ana Lorena Ruano
International Journal for Equity in Health 2014, 13 (10 October 2014)
Collection published: 8 October 2014 at: http://www.equityhealthj.com/series/Go4Health
The international research consortium 'Goals and Governance for Global Health'
(Go4Health) has undergone a series of health-focused consultations in marginalized
communities in nine countries to seek their views on their essential health needs, accountability, and more. Many of the results and associated lessons are being published
in this new thematic series from the International Journal for Equity in Health entitled
“Health, equity and the post-2015 agenda: raising the voices of marginalized communities”.
Development Assistance
Financing Growth: Foreign Aid vs. Foreign Loans
by Subhayu Bandyopadhyay, Sajal Lahiri andJaved Younas
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Working Paper, October
2013
31 pp. 315 kB:
http://research.stlouisfed.org/wp/2013/2013-031.pdf
Compared to foreign grants, do concessional loans from foreign governments and/or
unsubsidized loans from foreign private banks lead to faster growth in developing n ations? The answer has implications for aid agencies (i) in allocating a given amount of
resources between grants and concessional loans; and (ii) in encouraging financial
market reforms. The authors examine the effects of ODA grants, concessional ODA
loans, and private offshore bank loans on growth rates of 131 developing nations over
1996-2010 in a unified way. They find evidence of non-linearities in all three relationships, suggesting that at low (high) levels grants are better (worse) than loans (conce ssional or private).
***
HESP-News & Notes - 21/2014 - page 20
The World Bank Annual Report 2014
by the Executive Directors of the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA),
2014
67 pp. 12.0 MB(!):
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/20093/
WB%20Annual%20Report%202014_EN.pdf?sequence=13
This Annual Report focuses on two of the World Bank Group’s institutions: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA), collectively known as the World Bank. You are encouraged to
read this report to learn more about the work of the World Bank, the activities and ou tcomes it supports in the six regions, and the results of that work in helping to overcome
poverty and create opportunities for people in developing countries.
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
South African Medical Journal - Vol. 104 No. 10
The October 2014 issue of the South African Medical Journal is online
(open access) at: http://samj.org.za
In this issue:
 NCDs – the looming epidemic
 Preventing diabetic blindness
 Migrant health
 Glucocorticoids and lipid metabolism
 Sexual health of adolescents
 Cardiovascular risk in urban South Africans
 CME: Atopic dermatitis
***
Bulletin of the World Health Organization – Vol. 92, Nr. 10, October 2014
http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/92/10/en/
Highlights from the October 2014 issue:
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Medical and nursing students' intentions to work
abroad or in rural areas
Tracking injuries and violent deaths in Honduras
WHO should be involved in drafting sustainable development goals
Shift to community-based mental health services in the Czech Republic
Interview with Daniel Bausch: why the Ebola virus disease outbreak in western
Africa is different
Does eliminating user fees for health services improve health?
Measuring health and happiness in Finland, Poland and Spain
Evaluating national alcohol control policies in Asia and the Pacific
Has access to treatment for HIV improved life expectancy?
***
HESP-News & Notes - 21/2014 - page 21
Emerging Infectious Diseases
The Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases has just released a
Special Issue entitled “Emerging Infectious Diseases” at:
http://www.jmidonline.org
You are invited to read the Table of Contents and then to read/download
articles and items of interest for free.
INTERESTING WEB SITES
The Woman and Child Health Research Centre (W&CHRC)
http://www.wchrc.org/
The Woman and Child Health Research Centre (W&CHRC) is an
interdepartmental and interdisciplinary centre at the Institute of
Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium. The centre focuses on generating evidence to improve women’s and children’s health in developing countries with a life course perspe ctive.
TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
Online Course: Fundamentals of Global Health
Utrecht University and UMC Utrecht,
Starts 3 November 2014 – 3 weeks, ca. 14h p/w – € 385
Enrollment deadline: 27 October 2014
This online, Utrecht University-accredited course “Fundamentals of Global Health”
course aims to introduce the principles, history, origins and current trends in global
health. In 3 weeks, you’ll study global health governance as well as epidemiological
transition and the social determinants of health. The course covers questions and topics
such as current issues in global health, how health-related development strategies can
address these major international health concerns, and how we can measure health and
the burden of disease.
For more information see: http://elevatehealth.eu/course/fundamentals-global-health
CONFERENCES
9th European Congress on Tropical Medicine and International Health
6 –10 September 2015, Basel, Switzerland
“Driving the Best Science to Meet Global Health Challenges”
The congress will provide a forum for scientists, politicians, NGOs, and
public and private health experts to exchange new ideas and to discuss
solutions to the global health challenges of today and tomorrow.
For more information see: http://www.ectmihbasel2015.ch/
HESP-News & Notes - 21/2014 - page 22
CARTOON
Recently in our favourite restaurant…..
TIPS & TRICKS
A quick search shortcut in MS Windows
Hold down the Windows key and press F, and up pops your search box!
***
The Trick to Unlimited Gmail Addresses
Did you know Gmail allows you to have multiple email addresses
with one account? A little known feature of Gmail is that it does
not recognize dots in the address or characters after a + (plus)
sign. This leads to pretty much unlimited email addresses.
For example, Gmail does not see a difference between my.email@gmail.com or
mye.mail@gmail.com, or even myemail@gmail.com, so this could provide you with several different emails. These will still be sent to the same inbox but are considered unique
addresses.
In addition, anything after a + (plus) sign is ignored by Gmail and sent to the same inbox. Let’s say your main email is myemail@gmail.com. You could sign up to a newsle tter at myemail+1@gmail.com, and it will still go straight to your myemail@gmail.com inbox. But you can also use letters after the + sign. So you could make an address that
says myemail+hesp@gmail.com for your HESP-News newsletters account.
HESP-News & Notes - 21/2014 - page 23
Why would this be helpful? Well, if you have younger children or grandchildren who
want to be on a website that requires an email log in, but you do not want them to have
their own email, you could use this. But another way to use it is to create filters in your
email or to see what junk mail comes from sites you sign up with.
If you use myemail+freebies@gmail.com for a certain website, when emails come into
your inbox, you can look at the Details on that message. It will tell what email address it
was sent to, and you can see all the email that the site sent you. Then you can narrow
down what you need to unsubscribe from or cancel, if necessary.
Best regards,
Dieter Neuvians MD
HESP-News & Notes - 21/2014 - page 24