Document 6564433

ROGER COHEN
AMERICAN ‘FREEDOM’
VS. CHINESE ‘HARMONY’
CUBISM EXHIBIT
PICASSO AND CO.
STAR AT THE MET
THE REAL WORLD
WHERE AIRBNB
AND UBER FIT IN
PAGE 9
PAGE 10
PAGE 15
|
OPINION
|
CULTURE
|
BUSINESS
....
TUESDAY, OCTOBER 21, 2014
Kiev forces
linked to use
of cluster
munitions
Survivors of a ruthless trade
Turkey says
it will allow
Kurd fighters
into Syria
DONETSK, UKRAINE
MURSITPINAR, TURKEY
Evidence seems to show
army fired weapons in
combat around Donetsk
After weeks of refusal,
Ankara will open border
to help besieged enclave
BY ANDREW ROTH
BY KAREEM FAHIM
AND KARAM SHOUMALI
Cluster munitions that were probably
fired by Ukrainian Army troops struck
several times this month in the heart of
Donetsk, a rebel-held city with a peacetime population of more than one million, according to physical evidence examined by The New York Times and
interviews with witnesses and victims.
Impact sites in the city where rockets
fell on Oct. 2 and Oct. 5 showed clear
signs that cluster munitions were used
and had come from army-held territory,
where misfired artillery rockets containing cluster bomblets were found by
villagers in farm fields.
The two attacks injured at least six
people and killed a Swiss employee of
the International Red Cross based in
Donetsk.
The strikes occurred nearly a month
after President Petro O. Poroshenko of
Ukraine signed a cease-fire agreement
with rebel representatives that was
meant to end the fighting in eastern
Ukraine, which has left 3,700 people
dead so far.
Because of their indiscriminate and
deadly effects, especially on civilians,
cluster weapons are banned by treaty in
much of the world, though not in
Ukraine.
The Ukrainian military denied that its
forces had used cluster weapons during
the conflict. The military said that the
rocket strikes against Donetsk in early
October should be investigated once it
was safe to do so and that rebel forces in
the area had access to powerful rocket
systems from Russia that could fire
cluster munitions.
But the evidence examined by The
Times and a report by the advocacy
group Human Rights Watch indicate
that the cluster munitions that struck
Oct. 2 and Oct. 5 were probably fired by
Ukrainian troops stationed southwest
of Donetsk. Witnesses there reported
seeing rocket launches from those
troops’ positions toward the city at
times that coincided with the strikes.
Human Rights Watch says in its report, which was to be published Monday
evening, that cluster weapons have
been used against population centers in
eastern Ukraine at least 12 times during
the conflict, and possibly many more.
The report said that both sides are probably culpable in attacks that ‘‘may
amount to war crimes.’’
The report, which included evidence
shared by The Times, says there is ‘‘particularly strong evidence’’ that Ukrainian government troops carried out the
two October attacks against Donetsk.
An August cluster-munitions attack on
the village of Starobesheve, which was
in Ukrainian Army hands, was probably
carried out either by pro-Russian rebels
or by Russian troops, the report says.
‘‘It’s pretty clear that cluster munitions are being used indiscriminately in
populated areas, particularly in attacks
UKRAINE, PAGE 4
LYNSEY ADDARIO FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
Mamoun Doghmosh, in foreground, with Ibrahim and Mohammed Awadallah in Malta. They survived after an overcrowded boat trying to reach Europe was rammed by smugglers.
VALLETTA, MALTA
Mideast turmoil turns
smuggling of migrants
into a booming business
BY JIM YARDLEY
On the last morning, only four survivors
remained: Two sets of Palestinian
brothers, exhausted and adrift in the
Mediterranean beneath a blazing white
sun. The Awadallah brothers were delirious. Mohammed saw vampires rising
from the waves. Ibrahim kept removing
his life jacket, imagining himself at
home in Gaza, changing his clothes.
Nearby, Mamoun Doghmosh, 27,
propped up his younger brother, Amin,
24, who was weak and hallucinating.
Nearly four days had passed since their
overcrowded migrant boat had capsized
on Sept. 9, after being rammed by another vessel following an apparent quarrel
between smugglers.
At least 300 people, trying to reach
Europe, are estimated to have died in
one of the Mediterranean’s worst disasters. For those few who survived, an
enduring memory would be the ruth-
BEIJING
BY ANDREW JACOBS
AND CHRIS BUCKLEY
He was starved, pummeled and interrogated for days on end in an ice-cold
room where sleeping, sitting or even
leaning against a wall were forbidden.
One beating left Wang Guanglong, a
midlevel official from Fujian Province,
partly deaf, according to his later testimony. Suicide, he told relatives and his
lawyers afterward, tempted him.
In the end, he said, he took a deal: He
signed a confession acknowledging he
had accepted $27,000 in bribes, wrongly
believing he would be released on bail
and able to clear his name of a crime he
says he did not commit.
‘‘He did what they told him to do in order to save his own life,’’ his sister,
Wang Xiuyun, said in an interview.
China is in the midst of a scorching
campaign against government corruption, one that has netted more than 50
high-ranking officials and tens of thousands of workaday bureaucrats as part of
President Xi Jinping’s effort to restore
public confidence in the ruling Commu-
MARK BAKER/ASSOCIATED PRESS
Joko Widodo in Jakarta on Monday after his inauguration,
completing an improbable rise to become leader of the world’s fourth most-populous nation.
INDON ES I A’S NEW PRESIDENT
IBM earnings reflect struggle
As IBM worked to reinvent itself, its
third-quarter profit and revenue came
in well below forecasts. BUSINESS, 15
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President Xi Jinping has vowed to keep up
the effort to root out corruption in China.
Strategy for eurozone? Not yet
A difficult foray into newspapers
Amid fears that the eurozone is slipping
into recession, French and German
officials meeting on Monday agreed
only to work on an economic plan to be
presented in December. BUSINESS, 14
In the two years since Aaron Kushner
entered the newspaper business, he
has generated plenty of headlines —
about himself. nytimes.com/media
Donations lag to combat Ebola
Judge Thokozile Matilda Masipa is to
begin handing down a sentence on
Tuesday to Oscar Pistorius in the death
of his girlfriend. nytimes.com/africa
Britain warned against isolationism
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SYRIA, PAGE 3
MIGRANTS, PAGE 5
nist Party. In the first half of this year,
prosecutors opened more than 6,000 investigations of party officials, according
to government statistics released in July.
And China’s leaders vow that their
cleaning out has just begun.
But admirers of the antigraft blitz
overlook a paradox of the campaign, critics say: Waged in the name of law and accountability, the war on corruption often
operates beyond the law in a secretive
realm of party-run agencies, like the one
that snared Mr. Wang, plagued by their
own abuses and hazards.
CHINA, PAGE 6
SEDAT SUNA/EUROPEAN PRESSPHOTO AGENCY
Smoke rising in Kobani, Syria, on Monday
after an airstrike on Islamic State forces.
ONLINE AT INY T.COM
Relief agencies struggling to raise
money for the Ebola fight are relying on
large gifts from wealthy donors like
Mark Zuckerberg. BUSINESS, 14
Cameroon CFA 2.500 Ecuador US$ 3.35 Hungary HUF 800
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sometimes overlap with criminal gangs
who traffic in arms and drugs.
For Europe, the enormous influx of
migrants and refugees has stirred both
sympathy and resentment, while
presenting a policy conundrum — the
humanitarian imperative of rescuing the
desperate at sea versus the economic
and political burden of absorbing them.
One question is whether to expand legal migration. Yet illegal migration is
likely to keep growing — with policing
in disarray along the North African
coastline, the smuggling networks are
thriving.
Presumed guilty in China’s effort to root out corruption
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lessness of the smugglers, who demanded bribes during the land journey out of
Gaza and then mocked the migrants as
they flailed in the water.
‘‘They wanted to kill us,’’ said Mohammed Awadallah, 23. ‘‘They started
circling us, laughing at us.’’
Today, the business of smuggling
refugees and migrants across the Mediterranean into Europe has become a
hugely profitable, if deadly, enterprise,
with more than 3,000 people believed to
have died so far this year. One United
Nations official estimated that in 2014
smugglers would gross more than $1 billion, with sophisticated operations that
Turkey will allow Iraqi Kurdish forces,
known as pesh merga, to cross its border with Syria to help fight militants
from the group called Islamic State who
have besieged the town of Kobani for
more than a month, the foreign minister
announced Monday.
The decision represents a significant
shift by the Turkish government, which
has for weeks angered Kurdish leaders
and frustrated Washington by refusing
to allow fighters or weapons to cross its
border in support of the Kurdish fighters battling the militants. Speaking at a
news conference in Ankara, the Turkish
foreign minister, Mevlut Cavusoglu,
said that his government was ‘‘helping
the pesh merga cross over to Kobani.’’
The announcement, along with an
American decision to use military aircraft to drop ammunition and small
arms to resupply Kurdish fighters in
Kobani, reflected escalating international pressure to push back Islamic
State militants who have recently lost
momentum in what had looked like a
certain rout of the town.
The battle has become a closely
watched test for the Obama administration’s policy of combining air power
with reliance on local forces on the
ground to fight the militant group in
Iraq and in Syria. At the same time, the
American effort has been criticized —
including by the Turks — as selective
and ineffective in stopping the suffering
of other cities under bombardment by
the Syrian government or menaced by
militants in a war that has killed more
than 200,000 Syrians.
Turkey’s refusal to allow military aid
to flow has also raised tensions within
its own country, where Kurds have accused the government of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan of abandoning the
city to the militants of the Islamic State,
’:HIKKLD=WUXUU\:?b@k@c@b@k"
José Manuel Barroso, the outgoing
president of the European Commission,
said Britain’s confrontational stance
was hurting its position. WORLD NEWS, 4
Leung Chun-ying showed no sign of
softening his Beijing-endorsed stance
against open elections. WORLD NEWS, 6
Germany has made remarkable
progress after being labeled the ‘‘sick
man of Europe’’ just 10 years ago, but
Jochen Bittner is still worried. OPINION, 9
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IN THIS ISSUE
No. 40,934
Books 11
Business 14
Crossword 13
Culture 10
Opinion 8
Sports 12
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A decade of inflated blame
When Barry Bonds tossed out the first
pitch for a Giants playoff game last
week, it was an overdue return for a
man treated more harshly than many
others. nytimes.com/baseball
Honky-Tonk Tchaikovsky?
Germans without angst?
Hong Kong’s chief firm before talks
Norway NkrFrance
28
Senegal
2.500
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3.00
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Awaiting Pistorius sentencing
In the new video game Disney
Fantasia: Music Evolved, players will
conduct classical works from that 1940
film as new works by pop and rock
composers. nytimes.com/arts
STOCK INDEXES
MONDAY
t The Dow 12:30pm 16,345.63
t FTSE 100 close
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s Nikkei 225 close
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OIL
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www.dior.com
NEW YORK, MONDAY 12:30PM
t Light sweet crude
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–$0.96