Synthesis Reactions Jean Brainard, Ph.D. Say Thanks to the Authors

Synthesis Reactions
Jean Brainard, Ph.D.
Say Thanks to the Authors
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Printed: January 4, 2014
AUTHOR
Jean Brainard, Ph.D.
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C ONCEPT
Concept 1. Synthesis Reactions
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Synthesis Reactions
• Define synthesis reaction.
• Describe an example of a synthesis reaction.
In this photo of Los Angeles, California, the air over the city is brown with smog. A major component of smog
is nitrogen dioxide, which is a toxic gas with a sharp odor. Nitrogen dioxide can irritate the eyes and throat and
trigger asthma attacks. Where does this poisonous gas come from? It forms when nitric oxidesources such as car
exhaustwith oxygen in the air. This reaction is a synthesis reaction.
What Is a Synthesis Reaction?
A synthesis reaction occurs when two or more reactants combine to form a single product. A synthesis reaction can
be represented by the general equation:
A+B→C
In this equation, the letters A and B represent the reactants that begin the reaction, and the letter C represents the
product that is synthesized in the reaction. The arrow shows the direction in which the reaction occurs.
Q: What is the chemical equation for the synthesis of nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) from nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen
(O2 )?
A: The equation for this synthesis reaction is:
2NO + O2 → 2NO2
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Examples of Synthesis Reactions
Another example of a synthesis reaction is the combination of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) to produce sodium
chloride (NaCl). This reaction is represented by the chemical equation:
2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
Sodium is a highly reactive metal, and chlorine is a poisonous gas. Both elements are pictured in the Figure 1.1. The
compound they synthesize has very different properties. Sodium chloride is commonly called table salt, which is
neither reactive nor poisonous. In fact, salt is a necessary component of the human diet. You can see more examples
of synthesis reactions at this URL: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dxlWtsFinTM.
FIGURE 1.1
Summary
• A synthesis reaction occurs when two or more reactants combine to form a single product. This type of
reaction is represented by the general equation: A + B → AB.
• An example of a synthesis reaction is the combination of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) to produce sodium
chloride (NaCl). This reaction is represented by the chemical equation: 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl.
Vocabulary
• synthesis reaction: Chemical reaction in which two or more reactants combine to form a single product.
Practice
Watch the two-video sequence on synthesis reactions at the following URLs, and then answer the questions below.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIZoGe-CR5Q&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JG121vFEle4&NR=1&feature=endscreen
MEDIA
Click image to the left for more content.
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Concept 1. Synthesis Reactions
MEDIA
Click image to the left for more content.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Why is it easy to identify synthesis reactions?
What is the product of the synthesis reaction in which sodium combines with oxygen?
Write a balanced chemical equation for the synthesis reaction in which nitrogen reacts with hydrogen.
Complete the following two synthesis reactions by filling in the missing products:
a. 2Al + 3Br2 → ?
b. 2K + S → ?
Review
1. What is a synthesis reaction?
2. Describe the synthesis reaction that produces table salt.
3. Which of the following is a synthesis reaction?
a.
b.
c.
d.
2H2 O → 2H2 + O2
2NO + O2 → 2NO2
2K + 2H2 O → 2KOH + H2
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2 O
References
1. Sodium: User:Jurii/Wikimedia Commons; Chlorine: User:Greenhorn1/Wikimedia Commons; Salt: Dubravko
Sori´c. . Sodium: CC BY 3.0; Chlorine: Public Domain; Salt: CC BY 2.0
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