Hindu Students Council Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh 1

Transcription

Hindu Students Council
Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh
1
Hindu Contributions to
Humanity






Beginning of Hindu Scientific Thought
Concept of Time and Astronomy
Physics, Chemistry, Metallurgy
Mathematics
Language and Grammar
Science and Education
2
Hindu Contributions to
Humanity



Engineering (Ship Building, Navigation)
Philosophy and Yoga
Ayurveda and Surgery
3
Beginning of Hindu Scientific
Thought



Hindu thought and systems can be
traced back to at least 10,000 years
The oldest book known to mankind is
the RgVed.
Knowledge
was
developed
over
thousands of years by various Rishis,
philosophers, poets and engineers at
well established schools
4
Chronology of the pre-historic period of India
7000-4000 BC Vedic Age
3750
BC End of Rig Vedic Age
3000
BC End of Ramayana-Mahabharat Period
3000-2000 BC Development of Saraswati-Sindhu (Indus)
Civilization
2200-1900 BC Decline of Indus and Saraswati
Civilization
2000-1500 BC Mahaveer, Buddha, Chanakya, Maurya
1400-250 BC Shankaracharya, Gupta
5
Chatur Dasha Vidya or 14 Books of Knowledge
4 Vedas
 Rig
6 Vedangas
 Siksha
(Phonetics)
 Vyakarana
(Grammer)
 Yajur
 Sama
 Atharva
 Chhandas
(Metres)
 Niruktam
(Etymology)
 Jyotisham
(Astronomy)
 Kalpam
(ceremonies)
4 Upa Vedas
4 Upangas
 Ayurveda (Charak
Samhita)
 Mimamsa
(Jaimini)
 Dhanurveda
(Vishwamitra)
 Nyaya
(Rishi Gautam)
 Gandharva Veda (Bharat
Muni)
 Puranas
(Ved Vyas)
 Stapathya Veda & Artha
Shastra (Bhrugu Ved
Vyas)
 Dharma Shastras
(Manu, Parashar,
Yajnavalkya etc)
6
References

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
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Mahabharat, Ramayan, Purana
Texts from various Rishi traditions
Srimad Bhagavata
The Dharmasastra
Chanakya Neeti
7
Concept of Time

There were very advanced Hindu
astronomers in 600 B.C. The Vedas
contain an account of the dimensions of
Earth, Sun, Moon, Planets and Galaxies.


Emmelin Plunret,
in “Calendars and Constellation”
8
Vedic Astronomy
Highest and Smallest Units of Time
 Maha


Kalpa or Brahma Ayu
is the largest Unit of Time
= 311,040,000,000,000 solar years.



TRUTI
is the smallest Unit of Time
= 33,750th part of a Second
9
Vedic Astronomy
Small Units of Time


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TRUTI smallest unit
of TIME = 33,750th
fraction of a second
100 Truti = 1 Tatpara
45 Tatpara = 1 Nimesha
3 Nimesh = 1 Vipala
60 Vipalas = 1 Pala
60 Palas = 1 Ghatika

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


Divisions of a Day
60 Ghatikas = 1
Ahoratra = 1 Day
* 10 Vipalas = 1 Prana
= 4 seconds
*2 Ghatikas = 1 Muhurta
*2.5 Ghatikas = 1 Hora
= 1 Hour
10
Vedic Astronomy
Medium Units of Time

7 Divas = 1 Saptah

15 Divas = 1 Paksha
2 Paksha = 1 Maas
2 Maas = 1 Ritu

4 Maas = 1 Chatur Maas
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2 Paksas- Shukla Krishna
6 Ritus
- Vasant, Gresshma,
- Varsha, Sharad,
- Hemant, Sishir
6 Maas = 1 Ayana

12 Maas = 1 Varsha
2 Ayanas - Uttarayana
Dakshinayana
11
Measurement of Time

Bhaskaracharya Surya Siddhanta
 Earth
to orbit the sun
 = 365.2587 56484 days
 365.2596 days Modern accepted time


Mahabharat (3138 B.C.)
Eclipses, Meteors, Comets
13
Physics, Chemistry, Metallurgy
The Vedas contain not only religious ideas for a
perfect life, but also facts which science has
proved true. Electricity, radium, electronics,
airship, all were known to the seers who founded
the Vedas.
Wheeler Wilcox,
in “India, the land of the Vedas”
14
Vedic Physics
Measurement of Length


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8 Paramanu = 1 Trasarenu
8 Trasarenu = 1 Renu
8 Renu = 1 Balagna
8 Balagna = 1 Likhya
8 Likhya = 1 Yuka
8 Yuka = 1 Yava
8 Yava = 1 Angula
24 Angula = 1 Hasta
4 Hasta = 1 Danda

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2000 Danda = 1 Krosha
4 Krosha = 1 Yojana
1 Danada = 1 Metre
1Angula = 1.0416 cm
Circumference of earth Sulva Sidhanta and
Modern Science are
same
4.02x107 Danda
4 X 107 Metre
15
Vedic Physics
Measurement of Mass
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
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10
16
32
48
Krishnala = 1 Maasha
Maasha = 1 Suvarna Pala (Gold Pala)
Maasha = 1 Raupya Pala (Silver Pala)
Maasha = 1 Lauha Pala (Iron Pala)
Other forms of Weight were also in usage
16
Vedic Physics
Temperature (Linka)
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1 Pralinka = 1 Padakakshya
4 Pada Kakshya = 1 Kakshya
6 Kakshya
= 1 Linka
= 0.885o C
= 3.54o C
= 21.24o C
113 Pada Kakshya = Boiling Pt of water = 100o C
101 Kakshya = Boiling Pt of Mercury = 357o C
50 Linka = Boiling Point of Gold = 1062o C
* The temp between Freezing Pt of Water and
Melting Pt of Gold is divided into 50 Linkas
17
Vedic Physics
Speed of Light
 1300 AD
 Saayanaacharya
 PM


of Vijayanagar Emperor Bukka I
Speed of Light
2,202 Yojanas in half Nimesha

= 186,536 miles per
second
West only in 17 century !!
18
Mahabharata and Puranas
Astonishing Details

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Air and Space Travel
Embryo Transplantation
Multiple Births from same Embryo
Weapons of Mass Destruction
 Travel
thru domains- Time is
slowed
 Other Galaxies and Universes
 Quantum Potential
19
Kanada: First Expounder of
Law of Causation and Atomic
Theory


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Ten books known as ‘Vaisesika Darshana’
About 1900 years old
First to explore the relation between
‘Cause and Effect’
Identified atoms (Parmanu) as the build
blocks of matter
Defined chemical action (Paka)
20
Atomic Physics
 “After
the conversations
about Indian Philosophy,
some of the ideas of Quantum
Physics that had seemed so
crazy suddenly made much
more sense.”

W.HEISENBERG

(German Physicist. 1901-1976)
21
Chemistry and Metallurgy



Ancient Hindus knew  They knew how to
manufacture iron
how to prepare
and steel
Sulphuric Acid, Nitric
Acid and oxides of
 Coins were made in
copper, iron and
the 8th Century BC
lead
using smelting
technology
Diamonds were first
mined in India
 Image of Nataraja
was made using
Gun Powder was
Panchadhatu
first made in India
(Ramayan and
Puraan)
22
Mathematics

We owe a lot to
Indians, who taught
us how to count,
without which no
worthwhile scientific
discovery could have
been made.

Albert Einstein
23
Shunya or the Concept of
Zero
 The
concept of zero and decimal was
discovered by Hindu sages in Bharat
 Sankedia
Copper Plate, Brahmagupta
Siddhanta, Pingala’s Chand Sutra
 The

concept of Infinity (Fullness)
Ishaawasya Upanishad
24
Vedic
Mathematics
By
Aryabhatta
ancient Hindu
Mathematics called Vedic
Mathematics, one can solve
most mathematical
problems by mental one or
two lines.
25
Binary Numbers
(Computers)
 The
concept of binary numbers used by
computers for all calculations existed in
Hindu scriptures thousands of years
ago. A number in binary format is either
1 (it exists) or 0 (it does not exist). All
numbers are combinations of 1 and 0.
Our Upanishads say, "all creation is
combination of existence (1) or
nonexistence (0)".
26
Vedic Algebra in Sulbha
Sutras (Baudhayana)



Brahma Gupta (598
AD) - Solutions to
simple,
simultaneous, &
quadratic equations

1114 AD Bhaskara II
CHAKRAVALA Cyclic
method to solve
Indeterminate Eqns

Nx2 + 1 = y2

850 AD Mahaviracharya
 (61x2 +1=y2) 10
general formula for nCr
digits
1001 AD
Sridharacharya
Quadratic Eqn
 Euler 1732 AD solved
it 600 years later
27
Language and Grammar



“The Sanskrit language, whatever be
its antiquity, is of wonderful
structure, more perfect than the
Greek, more copious than the Latin
and more exquisitely refined than
either.”
Sir William Jones
(British Orientalist. 1746-1794)
28
Richness of Sanskrit

Amazing wealth of Words and
Synonyms
65 original words for Earth
70 original words for Water
 Water:

Vaaha, Vaari, payaha, amrutam,
pushkaram, toyam, Aapaha, ambu,
somam, vyoma, ksharam, neeram,
ghrutam,
jalam,
ksheeram,
meghapushpam
30
Sanskrit (संस्कृत )
Sanskrit was the classical language of India, older than Hebrew and
Latin. It is the oldest, most scientific, systematic language in the
world. It became the language of all cultured people in India and in
the countries that were influenced by India.
Sanskrit literally means “refined” or “perfected”
Sanskrit word
English meaning
matar
pitar
bhratar
svasar
gyaamti
trikonamiti
dvaar
ma
naman
smi
eka
mother
papa / father
brother
sister
geometry
trigonometry
door
me
name
smile
equal
Sanskrit meaning
'measuring the earth’
'measuring triangular forms‘
‘first person pronoun’
‘the same’
31
Ancient Grammarians


Patanjali’s systematic study
Katyayana
32
India's ancient achievements in Medical Science
Knowledge
Ancient Reference
Modern Reference
Artificial Limb
RigVed (1-116-15)
20th Century
Number of Chromosomes (23)
Mahabharat (5500 BCE)
1890 A.D.
Combination of Male and Female
Shrimad Bhagwat
20th Century
Analysis of Ears
RigVed
Labyrinth
Beginning of the Foetal
Heart Eitereya Upanishad -(6000 BCE)
Robinson, 1972
Parthenogenesis
Mahabharat
20th Century
Test Tube Babies ( from the ovum only)
Test Tube Babies ( from the sperm only)
Mahabharat
Not possible yet
Not possible yet
Elongation of Life in confirmed Space Travel
Shrimad Bhagwat
Not yet
Cell Division (in 3 layers)
Shrimad Bhagwat
20th Century
Embryology
Eitereya Upanishad (6000 BCE)
19th Century
Micro-organisms
Mahabharat
18th Century
A material producing a disease can prevent or cure the
disease in minute quantity
S-Bhagwat (1-5-33)
Haneman, 18th Century
Developing Embyro in Vitro
Mahabharat
20th Century
Life in trees and plants
Mahabharat
Bose, 19th Century
16 Functions of the Brain Eitereya
Upanishad
19th – 20th Century
Definition of Sleep Prashna-Upanishad
Chromosomes
Yogsootra Cunavidhi
Hindu Swayamsevak
Sangh
(Mahabharat)(5500
BCE)
20th Century
1860 – 1910 A.D.33
India's ancient achievements in Physical Science
Knowledge
Ancient Reference
Modern
Reference
Velocity of Light
RigVed - Sayan Bhashya (1400 A.D)
19th Century
Trans-Saturnean Planets
Mahabharat (5500 BC)
17-19th Century
Space Travel to another solar system
Shrimad Bhagwat (4000 BC)
Under trials
Gravitational Force (Prashnopanishad)
(6000 B.C) Shankaracharya (500 B.C)
17th Century
Ultraviolet Band
Sudhumravarna - (Mundakopanishad - M.U)
----
Infra-Red Band
Sulohita (M.U)
----
Tachyons faster than light
Manojava (Mundakopanishad) Sudarshan,
1968
Nuclear Energy
Spullingini (Mundakopanishad)
20th Century
Black Holes
Vishvaruchi(Mundakopanishad)
20th Century
Embryology
Eitereya Upanishad (6000 BCE)
19th Century
Monsoon at Summer Solstice
RigVed (23720 B.C)
----
Entry in South America by Aeroplanes
Valmiki Ramayan (7300 B.C)
----
Phosphorescent Trident at the Bay of Pisco,
Peru, S.America
Valmiki Ramayan (7300 B.C)
1960 A.D.
Aeroplanes
RigVed,Ramayana,Samarangan Sutradhara (1050 A.D.)
----
Robot
Samarangan Sutradhara (1050 A.D.)
----
Atom (Divisible) & (Indivisible)
Shrimad Bhagwat (4000 B.C.)
1800 A.D.
34
Ayurveda

Our present knowledge of the nervous
system fits in so accurately with the
internal description of the human body
given in the Vedas (5000 years ago).
Then the question arises whether the
Vedas are really religious books or
books on anatomy of the nervous
system and medicine.
 B.G.Rele, in “The Vedic Gods”
35
Ancient Indian Medicine
Ayurved



Ashwini Kumars,
Dhanvantari,
Sushrut, Charak
Trigunas & Tridhatus
Rani Vishpala artificial
limbs
36
Branches of Ayurveda
Vanaspati Shastra Botany
Vruksha Shastra
Horticulture
Prani Shastra
Deha Tatva
Zoology, Veternary
Science
Physiology
Rasayan Shastra
Chemistry
37
Ayurved
Types of Treatments
Lep
Oil, Ointment, Plaster
Vaamanam
Vomiting
Virechanam
Dysentery
Shwetanam
Sweating
Snehanam
Oil massage
Nasyam
sneezing
38
Surgery


“The surgery of the ancient Indian
physicians was bold and skillful.
A special branch of surgery was
devoted
to
rhinoplasty
or
operations for improving deformed
ears, noses and forming new ones,
which European surgeons have
now borrowed.”
SIR W. HUNTER
(British
Surgeon)
39
Plastic Surgery 2,600 years
ago

Sushruta 600 BCE





father of surgery and Plastic surgery
used cheek skin to restore/ reshape
nose, ears, lips
Modern Rhinoplasty is called Indian
Plastic Surgery
125 types of surgical instruments
(Scalpels, lancets, needles, catheters, rectal
speculums)
40
Sushruta 600 BCE
300 Different Operations


Sushruta has described
 more
than
300
types
operations
 42 surgical processes
of
Surgery divided into 8 types
41
Sushruta 600 BCE
8 Types of Surgery

Aahaaryam =

Lekhyam =
extracting solid bodies

Bhedyam =
excision

Chhedyam=
incision

Aeshyam =
probing


scarification
Vedhyam =
puncturing

Visraavyam =
evacuating fluids

Seevyam=

suturing
42
Philosophy

I have made the Gita as the main source
of my inspiration and guide for the
purpose of scientific investigations and
formation of my theories.

Albert Einstein
43
7 Hindu Philosophical Systems

Nyaya – Vaisesika

Sankhya – Yoga

Purva Mimamsa of Prabhakara Misra

Purva Mimamsa of Kumarila Bhatta

Advaita Vedanta of Sri Sankara

Vishistadvaita Vedanta of Sri Ramanuja

Dvaita Vedanta of Sri Madhva
44
Yoga

The science of yoga meditation had been taught
by the ancient, sages, gurus, yogis, through oral
tradition for thousands of years, they were
finally put to Sanskrit by Patanjali in 500 b.c.
Pre-eminent among them, even today, are the
sages of the Himalayas.
45
YOGA
Yoga originated in
India more than
5000 years ago.
Sage Patanjali
8 limbs of Yoga are:
Yama and Niyama (moral code of conduct), Asana (postures),
Prayayam (breathing exercise), Pratyahar (control of senses)
Dharana (concentration), Dhyan (meditation), Samadhi (Union)
46
Arts and Education

India is the cradle of the human race, the
birthplace of human speech, the mother of
history, grandmother of legend, and great
grand mother of tradition. Our most
valuable and most instructive materials in
the history of man are treasured up in
India only."

Mark Twain (Writer, 1835 - 1910)
47
Nalanda University
49
Ancient Military Science
DHANUR VED






Vishwamitra, Dronacharya, Parashuram
Astra, Shastra & Niyudhha
3 Types of Shastra
- Mukta, Amukta, Muktaamukta
Astra is Shastra + Mantra
Mal-yudha, Kalari Payittu, Karate
Vyuha, Durg,Hindu
Vayu
Sena, Nav Sena
Swayamsevak Sangh
50
Ancient Indian Art
GANDHARVA VED



64 Arts Chatush
Shashti Kalamayi
Indrajal, Samudrika
Lakshanam, Antadi,
Samasya Purnam,
Ratna Pariksha
Krishi Sashtra, Paak
Sashtra
51
Town Planning in the Ancient Civilization
Mohenjodaro is three miles in
circumference which held about
40,000 people. The citadel was
about fifty feet high. What is
probably the earliest example yet
known of city design on a regular
pattern.
Mohanjadaro City (5000 years
ago) Baked brick walls.
Layout with roads.
Wells to supply baths and an
elaborate drainage system
throughout the area attest
advanced technical skills. Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh
52
Ancient Indian Engineering
STHAAPATHYA VED


Temples in India, Angkor Wat in Cambodia
Suryavarman 10th century.
Temples in Borobudur and Prambanan in
Indonesia
53
Seer Veerabhogyo
Vasundhara

Knowledge,
Wisdom and Nonviolence do not
sustain nations.
Military strength,
Political Power and
economic strength
are essential to
defend any country
and
Hindu Swayamsevak
Sangh its culture

54
Proud to be a Hindu



Hindus have significantly contributed to
the world, materially as well as spiritually.
Let us rightfully feel proud as Hindus !
Let us continue our contributions
55

Hindu Students Council Hindu Swayamsevak Sangh 1

Transcription

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