Syntax: The analysis of sentence structure Deny A. Kwary

Syntax: The analysis of sentence structure Deny A. Kwary

Syntax:
The analysis of sentence structure
Deny A. Kwary
http://www.kwary.net
Airlangga University
Grammatical or Ungrammatical:
1. The boy found the ball
2. The boy found quickly
3. The boy found in the house
4. The boy found the ball in the house
5. Disa slept the baby
6. Disa slept soundly
Find: Transitive verb (with object)
Sleep: Intransitive verb (no object)
Syntactic Categories (1)
Lexical categories
 Noun (N)
 Verb (V)
 Adjective (A)
 Preposition (P)
 Adverb (Adv)
Examples
 moisture, policy
 melt, remain
 good, intelligent
 to, near
 slowly, now
Syntactic Categories (2)
Non-lexical categories
 Determiner (Det)
 Degree word (Deg)
 Qualifier (Qual)
 Auxiliary (Aux)
 Conjunction (Con)
Examples
 the, this
 very, more
 always, perhaps
 will, can
 and, or
Indicate the category of each word in the
following sentences.
a. The glass suddenly broke.
Det / N / Adv / V
b. A jogger ran towards the end of the lane.
Det / N / V / P / Det / N / P / Det / N
c. The peaches never appear quite ripe.
Det / N / Qual / V / Deg / A
d. Gillian will play the trumpet and the drums in the orchestra.
N / Aux / V / Det / N / Conj / Det / N / P / Det / N
Phrases




NP : Noun Phrase
The car, a clever student
VP : Verb Phrase
study hard, play the guitar
PP : Prepositional Phrase
in the class, above the earth
AP : Adjective Phrase
very tall, quite certain
Phrase Structure Rules


NP  (Det) N (PP)
PP  P NP
The bus (NP)
Det
N
The
bus
The bus in the yard
NP
Det
N
PP
P
NP
Det
The
bus
in the
N
yard
Phrase Structure Rules


VP  V (NP) (PP)
S  NP (Aux) VP
took the money (VP)
V
NP
Det
took
the
took the money from the bank
VP
V
N
NP
Det
money
PP
N
P
NP
Det
took
the money from the
N
bank
Draw the tree diagram.
1. repaired the telephone
2. the success of the program
3. a film about pollution
4. move towards the window
5. cast a spell on the broomstick
The main structure rules
1. S  NP (Aux) VP
2. NP  (Det) (AP) N (PP)
3. VP  V (NP) (PP) (Adv)
4. PP  P NP
5. AP  A (PP)
Example (1)
The old tree swayed in the wind
S
Aux
NP
Det
Adj
N
VP
V
PP
P
NP
Det
The
old
tree
past
swayed
in the
N
wind
Example (2)
The children put the toy in the box
S
NP
Det
VP
N
V
NP
Det
PP
N
P
NP
Det
The
children
put
the
toy
in the
N
box
Draw the structure trees for the following
sentences
Question # 5 a - f
page. 240
Tree Diagram
to be continued next week
Deny A. Kwary
http://www.kwary.net
Airlangga University