Ch. 19 Geography and the Early Settlement of China

Ch. 19 Geography and the Early
Settlement of China
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
An Overview of China's Geography
The Tibet-Qinghai Plateau
The Northwestern Deserts
The Northeastern Plain
The North China Plain
The Middle and Lower Chang Jiang Basins
Early Settlement in Ancient China
Ancient China's Isolation
Different Regions, Different Ways of Life
Summary
Geography of China - Jan 23
Analyze the geographic location of China.
How did the geographic features influence China’s
history?
• Get out history binder.
• Organize India papers.
• China Table of contents
– Map
– Unit 4 packet
– Geography notes
• Finish map
• Work on Geography notes
Geography of China - Jan 24
Analyze the geographic location of China.
How did the geographic features influence China’s
history?
• China Table of contents
– Map
– Unit 4 packet
– Geography notes
•
•
•
•
•
Finish map
Work on Geography notes
Ch 19 Assessment in Unit 4 packet
Quiz on Tuesday 1/28
Homework: Create an ad – due 1/29
Coloring Directions for China Map
• Follow the directions complete the map of
China (Replaces last bullet on map directions)
– Readability: 9 Pts total
– Please label your map neatly and legibly.
– Color the Seas blue.
– Outline the labeled rivers in blue.
– Color the Gobi Desert a shade of brown.
– Color the Tibet-Quinghai Plateau in yellow.
– Color the Chang Jiang Basins green.
Introduction
• Civilization flourished 1700 BCE - 220 BCE
• Eastern Asia
– Highest mountains - Himalayas
– One of the world largest deserts - Taklimakan
Desert
– One of the longest rivers
• Extreme Climate
– Ice storms
– Sand storms
• Geography affected Chinese settlements
culture, and communication
An Overview of China's
Geography
Third largest country in the world
3.7 million sq. miles
1.2 billion people
•
Outer China
–
–
–
Western and northern parts of present-day
China
Bounded by the Himalaya Mountains
Tibet-Qinghai Plateau
•
•
•
•
–
major geographical region
world's largest plateau
bitterly cold place to live
Only 50 days a year without frost
Northwestern Deserts
•
•
Located in the northwest
second lowest place in china
–
–
•
–
Turfan Depression
505 feet below sea level
raindrops evaporate before reading the
ground
Northeastern Plain
•
•
•
•
Land of low hills and plains
short, hot summers
winters long and dry
5 months of freezing temperatures
• Inner China
– Southeastern part of presentday China
– Closer to sea level
– Land of rolling hills, river
valleys, and plains
– Rivers flow from the west
• Enrich the soil by flooding
• provide water for irrigation
– two main regions
• North China Plain
– dry and cool
– located in the north
• Chang Jiang Basins
– warm and wet
– major region for growing
rice
The Tibet-Qinghai Plateau
•
•
•
South western part of Outer China
Climate
– Very cold
– air is thin and dry
– snow fall in summer
– Vegetation
• Sparse scrubs and grasses
– Rivers
• Huang He
– Yellow River
• Chang Jiang
– Yangtze River
– Animals
• Antelopes and yaks
• Wolves and wildcats
Geography
– Tallest mountain in the world - Mount Everest
– Known as the Tibetan Plateau
– Average elevation 13, 500 ft
– Called the "Roof of the World"
The Northwestern Deserts
• Taklimakan Desert
–
–
–
–
105, 000 sq. miles
One of the most dangerous deserts in the world
Sand dunes shift and change
Dangerous sandstorms
• Two armies and 300 cites reported to be buried 600 ft
under the sand
• Gobi Desert
–
–
–
–
over 500,000 square miles
Very few sand dunes
Stony
Sparse vegetation
The Northeastern Plain
East of present-day Mongolia
Called Inner Mongolia or Manchuria
Low hills and plains
Vegetation is prairie grass
• Major Rivers
– Liao River
• shallow river
• only navigated by small
boats
– Sungari
• Carry larger boats
– Freeze in winter
– Used as roads
• Climate
– Short, warm summers
• temp is 75 in summer
– dry and cold in winter
• temp is 10 in winter
– Southern half - milder
weather and more water
– Too cold and dry to be a
good place for growing
crops
• annual precipitation is
about 20 inches
The North China Plain
• Flat region of grassland
• Temperature range - very warm to quite cold
– Average temp is 82 in summer
– Average temp is 28 in winter
– 23 inches precipitation
• Called the Land of the Yellow Earth
– ground covered by yellow limestone silt
• comes from Gobi Desert
• Carried by the wind to the plain
– Silt gives the river its name
• River
– Huang He
• source of many disasters
• flooded more than 1,500 times
– May be the world's muddiest river
– Silt helps fertilize the land
• good for grow crops
•
The Middle and Lower
Chang Jiang
Basins
• Chang Jiang means "Long
Areas of low, wet coastal
plains
– May have been rainforest
in ancient times
– Good for growing rice
– 68 degrees in summer/ 39
degrees in winter
– 41 inches of precipitation
River"
– Hundreds of tributaries
– River used to moved
goods between eastern
and western areas in
region
– Starts in the high
western mountains
– Flows through 3 plains
to a rich delta
– Floods less than Huang
He
Early Settlement in Ancient
China
• First inhabitants lived in caves
• Peking (Beijing) Man
• Farming began mainly on the North China
Plain in Inner China
– Lived in villages near Huang He
– Possessed water, fertile soil, and a moderate
climate
Ancient China's Isolation
• Geography
– Northwest - large deserts
– Southwest natural barrier of towering
mountains, rocky plateau, and cold climate
– Narrow coastal plain linked Northeastern
Plain to Inner China
• Geography also made it difficult to
govern China as a unified country
•
Different Regions, Different
Ways of Life
Outer China
– Tibetan Plateau
• Fewer people than Inner China
• People moved frequently
• Raised livestock, especially yaks
– Meat and milk (butter & yogurt)
– wool turned into heavy clothing
– Hair woven into material for tents
– Northwestern Deserts
• Settled communities on the oases
• Homes built out of mud
• grew cotton, winter wheat and maize
• foods were wheat noodles, bread and
mutton
– Northeastern Plain
• prairie grass supported livestock
• Settlers were nomads who raised
sheep, goats, cattle, and horses
• Main food - meat
• Lived in tests
• Nomads invaded the north China Plain
to get supplies
• Great Wall built to keep invaders out
•
Inner China
– Larger more settled population
– North China Plain
• Grew wheat and millet
• Raised cattle, sheep, oxen, pigs
and chickens
• Herded cattle, water buffalo,
and horses
• Built permanent homes of
rammed earth
– Chang Jiang Basins
• limited areas for farming
• lacked grazing land for raising
animals
• Rice main crop
• Raised pigs and poultry
• Ate seafood
• Built permanent houses
Summary
• Five Geographic Regions
– Outer China
• Tibetan Plateau
• Northwestern Deserts
• Northeastern Plain
– Inner China
• North China Plain
• Chang Jiang Basins
• Physical features isolated Inner China
• Trace history through several dynasties or
ruling families