Classification 1

Classification
1
MRS C GREN
Living organisms are able to
perform all of MRS C GREN
and non living cannot.
2
M
R
S
C
G
R
E
N
= movement
= reproduction
= sensing
= circulation
= growth
= respiration
= excretion
= nutrition
3
Movement is
action carried
out by a living
organism e.g.
a flower
opening or a
horse walking
4
Reproduction is the ability of living
organisms to make offspring
which are similar to the parents
5
Sensing is the
detection and
response to
changes in the
environment
6
Circulation is the
movement of
substances
(food, gases,
waste) within
an organism
7
Growth is change in an organism
over time
8
Respiration is the use of energy
from food molecules
9
Excretion is the removal of waste
produced by the organism
10
Nutrition is making
or getting food
inside an organism
11
Differences
between
plants and
animals
• Animals
- Are usually mobile and able to
move limbs quickly
- Obtain energy by eating other
organisms
12
• Have a nervous system and
brain
• Have well developed sense
organs
13
• Plants
- Usually fixed or
floating, can move
some parts slowly
- Make their own food
using light
14
• Have no nervous system or
brain
• Have no special sense organs
15
Grouping living things
There are trillions of living
organisms on Earth.
They are sorted into smaller
groups called species. The
organisms in a species have
common structures and
behaviours and can breed
together to make fertile offspring.
16
• Dogs of
different
breeds look
very different
but they can all
mate and
produce fertile
puppies. All
dogs belong to
one species.
17
• Horses and
donkeys look and
behave similarly
and they can
mate to produce
offspring called
mules. Mules are
infertile therefore
horses and
donkeys are
different species.
18
So far scientists have identified
about two million species.
This is still a large number so
closely related species are
grouped into a genus.
Similar genera are grouped into
a family.
Similar families are grouped
into an order.
19
Similar orders are grouped into
a class.
Similar classes are grouped
into a phylum.
And similar phyla are grouped
into kingdoms.
There are five living kingdoms.
20
The Five Living Kingdoms
Plants
Animals
Protista
All living
organisms
Monera
Fungi
21
22
The Five Living Kingdoms
• Animal Kingdom
• Plant Kingdom
• Fungi Kingdom
• Protista Kingdom
• Monera Kingdom
23
Animal Kingdom
• Multicellular with a
nucleus
• Moving bodies
and parts
• Eat other
organisms for food
24
Animal Kingdom
25
Plant Kingdom
• Multicellular with a
nucleus
• Immobile but have
moving parts
• Make their own
food
26
27
Fungi Kingdom
• Multicellular
with a nucleus
• Immobile
• Eat other
organisms for
food (external
digestion)
28
29
Protista Kingdom
• Single celled
organisms with
a nucleus
• Mobile
• Some eat other
cells
• Some make own
food (algae)
30
31
Monera Kingdom (Bacteria)
• Single celled
with no nucleus
• Some are
mobile
• Have a range of
different feeding
methods
32
33
Binomial naming system
Every species is given a unique
species name to avoid
confusion. This name has two
parts and is given in Latin.
For example, pine trees are
named Pinus radiata and people
are called Homo sapiens
34
Find out the common name of
these NZ organisms
• Diomeda epomophora =
Royal Albatross
• Agathis australis = Kauri
• Ninox novaeseelandiae =
Morepork
35
Find out the common name of
these NZ organisms
• Cordyline australis = Cabbage
Tree (Ti Kouka)
• Podocarpus totara = Totara
• Apteryx australis = Brown Kiwi
36
Dichotomous key
Keys are used to identify
unknown objects or put them
into groups.
A dichotomous key has a series
of questions which have two
alternative answers.
37
38
39
They can take up a lot of room!
40
A dichotomous key to identify a duck,
a hen, a lizard and a snake
41
Classifying animals
All animals
Animals
with
backbones
Animals
without
backbones
42
Write the group to which each animal belongs.
Mammal
Amphibian
Reptile
Sample Dichotomous Key
I. Body covering
Aves
A. not covered with hair or feathers - go to II
B. covered with hair or feathers - go to III
II. Skin Texture
A. smooth - Amphibian
B. scaly - Reptile
III. Skin Features
A. covered with feathers - Aves
B. covered with hair - Mammal
43
Construct a dichotomous key
Construct your own
dichotomous key to classify
the contents of your pencil
case.
44
Dichotomous key for stationery
1a. Item made of at least some metal???????.go to 2
1b. Item does not contain any metal??...............??go to 6
2a. Item used as writing instrument?????..??go to 3
2b. Item not used as writing instrument????...?..go to 4
3a. Item writes with ink?????...............????ballpoint pen
3b. Item writes with carbon?????..?...............?pencil
4a. Item has sharp cutting edge?????...............?scissors
4b. Item does not have a sharp, cutting edge?..............go to 5
5a. Item has a sharp, pointed end???............???thumb tack
5b. Item does not have a sharp, pointed end??.....?..paper clip
6a. Item is hard?????..........????????.go to 7
6b. Item is not hard ?????..........??????..rubber band
7a. Item is numbered in equal divisions???.....??ruler
7b. Item not numbered in equal divisions??..........?go to 8
8a. Item can write on paper????..............???..pencil
8b. Item can't write on paper???........................?..go to 9
9a. Item has a sticky, central core?????....??..glue stick
9b. Item does not have a sticky, central core?.......?..eraser
45