PDKN\F[GBF

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OKRCZF \SRM
\ G E F K F KT E P N Z J M [ QG M P
The Rabbinical
Assembly
Schechter Institute
of Jewish Studies
OKN[GZK
E"T[\
A
2005 = F"S[\
\GZGP[ \GKGMHF NM
The Rabbinical Assembly
2014 = E"T[\ :FKKR[ FSVEF
:FXVF
\GEFKF KTEPN ZJM[ QGMP
91160 OKN[GZK ,16080 E"\
074=780=0600 :QGVNJ
02=679=0840 :SYV
books@schechter.ac.il :KRGZJYNB ZBGE
www.schechter.ac.il :JRZJRKB Z\B
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965=7105=29=3 C"\SP
OKN[GZK ,P"TC OKEGPKN QG[N :EGPKTG ZGEKS
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[JRTP ,\ZYGI ,FCZ
\GETGGF KZCI
FNKDPF \ETG
Z"GK ,QKYRKNGD EGE 'VGZV CZF
ZPF QCGBZ 'VGZV CZF
GNZF USGK CZF
ZVGT FKNE 'VGZV
QZCS 'DZG'D Z"E
ZNERK[ ISV Z"E CZF
QBR[ ZGEDKCB 'VGZV
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Z"GK ,OKK[ QGKX QC CZF
QPVGF QRIGK Z"E CZF
ZRHKKZ OZCB Z"E CZF
DZCRHGZ KZN ZP
SZKBP NBGK CZF
FBG[F \NKDP \ETG
Z"GK ,QHKKB SMNB ZP
OKK[ QGKX QC CZF
OKMZGT
QKYRKNGD EGE 'VGZV CZF
OKK[ QGKX QC CZF
\KZCTF FZGEFPF LZGT
QKYRKNGD EGE 'VGZV CZF
OKPTJG EGYKR
SGBZJ[ FCGJ \ZCD
OKRKKRTF QMG\
9
13
20
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\GBGCP
ZPF QCGBZ 'VGZV CZF
QKYRKNGD EGE 'VGZV CZF
OKK[ QGKX QC CZF
\KZCTF FZGEFPN BGCP
25
FBG[F OGK CZTN FNKV\ ZES
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QBR[ ZGEDKCB 'VGZV \BP FBG[F \NKDP
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47
52
OKZK[
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FGY\F
9
a \GBGCP
F
LZE QGKX BKF "FBG[F \NKDP" N[ ZGBN F\BXG
FR[F IGNC [EGYP OGKM FBG[F OGK \G[Z\[FC
BZYPMG NCB+ OGKM GN KGBZF OGYPF \B SVG\F ,KEGFKF
\SRMC K\#KPTN K\BZY OK[K[F \GR[ UGSC ZCM .[EGY
LKZB\F N[ G\Z[MFN F[GZEF FMBNPC NKI\FN OKRCZF
\SRM \KC NM KEK NT OKPKB\P OKRVGBC ZP[KK[ OGKN FHF
NKM[R BN OB[ F\KF ,F\TM HB K\[GI\ .KEGFK NM KEK NTG
QSKRC H"MC GZPBKK Z[B FBG[F OGKN FNKV\ KTJY ZCIN
OPNGTN GMNK[ ZIBN ZMHKK BN FBG[F OGK ,FR[C FR[ KEP
.FBG[F KPKB \B OZ[CP GHI Z[B OK[RBF
\XGNI NBZ[KC OKRCZF \SRM F\KF OKRGP[F \GR[C
CNG[ Z[B ,"FBG[F OGKN \GNKV\ ZES" [CDN WPBPF
N[ F[EIF FZGEFPF ."K\NKV\ KRBG" ZGEKSC LM ZIB
\NNGM C"FZBC OKRCZF \SRM N[ "OGN[ OK[" ZGEKS
"FBG[F \NKDP" .FH \GNKV\ ZES N[ \RYG\P BSZKD
BZYKK Z[B ,KZCT JSYJ dY@^o#S^a FHF WPBPF \B FPKN[P
,FPXT CZG ZXY JSYJ ,FR[C FR[ KEP FBG[F OGKC
OT N[ KCKJYNGYF QGZMHFP YNIM NCY\FN CKKIG NGMK[
FKF\ ,ZGEN ZGEP ,FR[ ZIB FR[ FNKDPF \BKZY .NBZ[K
ZGSB Z[B OKPGKBF OK[TPF ZMHN KDZGJKNF SKSCF
ORKB FNB OKZXY OKYZV ,QCGPM .ONGTN GIM\[K[
LB ,GVYKF BGNPC ZGVKSF \B ZVSN GETGR BNG OKNDGSP
F\T [K FBG[F OGKN .Z\GKG Z\GK EGPNN QCZEN OKKG[T OF
Z[BC OKEGFKN U\G[PF ,EIB KHMZP JSYJ .GN[P FNKDP
FNKDP .ZGVKSF \IXRF \B Z[VBNG GR\GB EIBN TKKSK ,OF
FBG[F \NKDP
a
10
:OKKEGFKF OKKIF N[ [EIF KGGKXF \B OKKYN GRN TKKS\ GH
GZsCP FHI GNKBM GPXT \B \GBZN CKKI GR\KBP EIB NM
QGGKMP ,"GNKBM" IRGPF NT BGF QBM [DEF .FBG[F \B
\PBC LKB QKCFN NDGSP GRKB ,O[ FKF BN Z[B OEB[
FBG[F \GRCZY OT \GFEHFN OKNDGSP GRB[ \GZPN ,FKF
.ONCSG
QP Z\GKC \YIGZPF \GBKXPC FKFG C"FZBC NED[ OEBM
CKKGIP K\[DZF EKP\[ FECGTC SYGEZVF QP [K ,FBG[F
LMCG ,FVGZKBC GKF[ GNB KKI QKCG KKI QKC FBGG[F LGZTN
.QGJN[N FNT ZNJKF[ FR[C K\ENGR .O\KB \GFEHFN
FKRPZDC OKEGFKF \GVKEZ GNKI\F ZKTX ENK K\KKF[M
TZKB "INGECF NKN" .KPT KRC EDR OKYGI GYYIRG
C"FZBC K\EPN KRB .ZVSF \KCC KE#GPKN \B K\NI\F[M
KENK NT ZSBR[ FT[C ,OKRG[ OKTHDG \G\E KRC OKENK OT
GPYGF[MG OKK\MNPP ZVS K\CC EGPNN FKRPZDC OKEGFKF
GBNMR \GGXPN KTKDF OZJ .OKRG[BZF HGMKZF \GRIP
GXNBR KRPP OKZKTX OKENKG FVGZKBC \GBJKDC OKEGFK
GYRIR OKEGFKG ,QGHP KZGZKV BGXPN FV[B \GPZTC ZGCRN
IZHP KCIZC YRT \GZGC \V[ NT GZGR GB OKHD KB\C \GGPN
OK[R ,OK[RB _ OKK\SF NMF \GGXPN K\TDF[M .FVGZKB
.O\PDGEM FTEK BN \G[GRBF[ OKZVSPC GEP[GF UJG
WGI FBG[C OKVSRF NZGD QKCG KRKC EKZVF BN ZCE OG[
FVGZKB \B CGHTN K\CSG KCS N[ \KNZGDF O\JNIFP
GR\KBP EIB NM .OKZ[TF FBPF \NKI\C C"FZBN ZDFNG
.\BH IGM[N QKB ONGTN ;FBG[F N[ IGMC QCZY FKF
11
a \GBGCP
FNTPG O\B[N GRN F[Y[ \G[DZ GRCZYC \ZZGTP FBG[F
LB ,FRTP \TCG\ FBG[F .QFKNT \GCG[\ GRN QKB[ \GNB[
OG[ QKB LB ,QKCFN OKXGZ GRB .\GRTN EXKM \TEN F[Y
GR\RGPB \B QICPC FEKPTP FBG[F .QKCFN \GZ[VB
QKPC GR\RGPB \B _ FRG[BZCG [BZCG \EC ,OKFNBC
TGEP FNB[C N"HI GJCI\F FR[ 1,500 KRVN .K[GRBF
NT HTGR [ZEPC ?GKIB NCF \B DGZFN QKYN Z[VB\R
\K[BZC) "FPEBF QP KNB OKYTGX LKIB KPE NGY" YGSVF
:FHF N[PF \B KBIGK ZC QGTP[ KCZ TKXP ('K:'E
,LNPF KRVN QK[[GD\PG QKEPGT GKF[ OKJKN\B KR[N
FXZ BN .|OFKRKC EKZVF=~ Q[ZKV LNPF FXZ GNKB
FKFG ,GDZFG GZKCI NT EIB YHI |OEKZVFN=~ Q[ZVN
KRKE [YGCK=~ "BMNP OEY KRKE KTCK" :ZPGBG IGGX
QP KNB OKYTGX LKIB KPE NGY" LM ,|LNPF KRVN
,YCNB=ZGEGBK\ 'EFP ,'E:C"M FCZ \K[BZC) !"FPEBF
(216 'PT
OKFGNBF NB OKYTGX OKEGFK OKRGKNKP F[[ \GNGY
FPPE NGY OB KM FCG[\ GRN QKB LB ,YEXN OKTGG[PG
OKFGNBF QGXZ F\KF FBG[F[ EPNN GB ZPGN GRN NB .FYE
FBG[F[ BN GNKVBG ,GRKNT NKJF OKFGNBF[ [RGT GB
ZXY QPH FPYGF NBZ[K \RKEP[ QGGKMP \YEXGP F\KF
[K LB ,FBG[F KZ\SN FCG[\ GRN QKB[ QM\K .FKZIB
\RP NT ,NMG NMP \GIEN OKCKKI GRB Q\GB[ \GCG[\
\GCG[\ .OKP[ O[ NGNKIG NBZ[K OT EGCM NGNKI TGRPN
BGF OKFGNBF[ \KEGFKF \ZGSPN ZGPD EGDKRC \GEPGT GNB
:N[F T[GFK OFZCB ZKTF[ KVM .YEX CFGBG OGIZ NB
."OKFNBF QGXZN FC OKEDR\P[ FZKHF BKF FKZGJSKFF"
FBG[F \NKDP
a
12
OEBF KRC \B FGGXP OKFGNBF[ OGYPF BKF FKZGJSKFF
.NCF \B IXGZ QKY LB ,OKZIB OEB KRC CGFBN UBG ECMN
LB ,NBF N[ [ZGVPF QGXZN ZGPD EGDKRC BGF FHM IXZ
.\K[VGI FZKIC [K GRNGMN[ FECGTF \B OBG\ BGF
F\B QMG" N"HI G[ZE OKZXPC NBZ[K KRC EGCT[ QKKRTC
FRKM[ ,NGMKCM ,QKECTG[P NBZ[K[ QPH NM BXGP
NBZ[K OT Z[BM YZ NBDR F"CYF ."OFPT \ECTG[P
'EFP ,E"K F[ZV ,BISVE \MSP ,B\NKMP) NBDR
ZPGN GRB OKB[Z LMN FPGEC .(51 'PT ,QKCZ=WKCGZGF
F"CYF ,OKHD KB\G HGMKZ \GRIPN IN[R NBZ[K OT Z[BM[
OT BNG UEZRF N[ GNZGD OT FFEHP OKFGNBF .OPKT FKF
OKNGMK GRB LB ,\GNB[N \GCG[\ GRN QKB[ QM\K .OKVEGZF
.ZGVKSF \B ZVSN
YPGTN KGJKC OKR\GR GRB FBG[F \NKDP N[ ZGBN F\BXGFC
GRB .FPGKBF FBG[C GVSR Z[B GRK\GKIBG GRKIB NT NCB+F
ZP[P NMP ZGP[NG OKPNGTN OZMH \B ZGP[N OKCKKI\P
G\NGED NT HKZMFNG \GKIN LK[PR GRB ."KI NBZ[K OT" NT
.GKKI IZGBG NBZ[K OT N[
ZPF QCGBZ CZF
\KPNGTF OKRCZF \SRM BK[R
D"S[\ INGECF NKN ,OKN[GZK
13
a \GBGCP
F
QC KZGJSKF QGZMH NTC ONGT OT BGF KEGFKF OT
IKXRFN IKNXF EKP\ BGF ,QM NT Z\K .OKR[ KVNB
.OKK\E OKRINGV \ZHTC OKKHMZP OKKZGJSKF OKTGZKB
\YGNI QKKRTC O"GBF \ETG KRVC TKVGF QGKZGD-QC EGE[M
:FNB OKNKP ZPB BGF 1947 WKYC NBZ[K WZB
FKRB [EIF ONGTN FDKNVF FR[ \GBP [GN[M KRVN
\GENG\C NGED TZGBP FH FKF ."ZBGBNVKKP" FP[G
KNDRB [K OB ,\TEN KRB CB\ NCB .FYKZPBG FKNDRB
FPMG .\BH FKRB FDKNVF K\PKB YGKEC TEGKF ,EIB
?FKRB F\GBC GKF OK[RB FPM ...OKTEGK OKBYKZPB
?O\BXC GNMB[ OINF N[ GCKJ FKF FPG
,FR[ \GBP [GN[G OKVNB \[GN[P Z\GK KRVN ,FRFG
.OKZXPP OKEGFKF GBXK ,"ZBGBNVKKP"F \DNVF KRVN
FKSGZCG FYKZPBC UBG { ONGTC KEGFK NMG
:GBXK OGK FHKBC YGKEC TEGK { \KJKKCGSF
OIN FHKB YGKEC OKTEGK ONGMG .QSKRC Z[T-F[KPIC
OKEGFK OKNMGB FHF OGKF ETG .\GXP :OKEGFKF GNMB
{ QSKRC Z[T-F[KPIC GH FXP GNGM ONGTF NMC
OKZVSPG { \GZIB \GXZBCG FKSGZC ,FYKZPBC
B\[F :OKZPBP KR[C |OKI\GV~ OFG OKZXP \BKXKC
FR[N ,BMF B\[F ,QKZGI-KRC FBCF FR[N ,KECT
N[ OCKJ LM .NBZ[K WZBC ,QGKXC ,OKN[GZKC FBCF
\ETG KRVN GPGBR LG\P ,QGKZGD-QC EGE) OKEGFK
,CKCB N\ ,ISV :'C LZM ,OKETGPF ZVS ,FZKYIF
.(256 'PT ,D"N[\
\B OKZMGH GRB ISVF DIC[ [KDEF QGKZGD-QC EGE ,ZPGNM
{ ISV NKN ZES { K\E F[TP \GTXPBC OKZXP \BKXK
FBG[F \NKDP
a
14
FBXG\M .FR[C OTV OKZXP \BKXK \B \GKIFNG ZGMHN KEM
.GRPT \GENG\C \BHF F[ZVC KYC ONGTC KEGFK NM ,LMP
BCC \MSPC GREPN .[EYPF \KC QCZGI KCDN QKEF BGF
:C"T 'S UE BZ\C
GC ZKK[PG EKSC G\KC \B OEB ES :OKPMI GZPB LM
ZCE ZKK[PG FEGTS KMZX NM OEB F[GT ...JTGP ZCE
ZCE \ZKK[PG FKJK[M\ NM F[B F[GT ...JTGP
,KRKPK IM[\ OKN[GZK LIM[B OB" ZPBR[ ...JTGP
\B FNTB BN OB KMKZMHB BN OB KMIN KRG[N YCE\
KBP ...('G='F :H"NY OKNF\) "K\IP[ [BZ NT OKN[GZK
FNYP ZVB FH :YIXK CZ ZPB ?"K\IP[ [BZ NT"
...OKR\I [BZC[
F[TPN GDFR QMG ,LGZT QING[CG O"CPZC FMNFN YSVR QMG
.FNGDF \GNKFYP FCZFC
SGM OKZCG[ GRB FZ[T-TCZBF FBPFP NIF ,QM GPM
[BZ NT OKN[GZK QCZGI \B \GNTFN KEM FVGIN \I\P
KCE OKDFRPG ,E"T F"M ,\KRT\ \GMNF ,GC NM) GR\IP[
.(82 'PT ,DZCRJGZP O"ZFP
\GTXPBC OKZXP \BKXK N[ QGIXRF \B GRZMH ,ZPGNM
[EYPF \KC QCZGI N[ QGN[MF \BG ;K\EF F[TPF
.K\EF F[TPF \GTXPBC
OKMZE [GN[C GZMHR ,GRPT \B GEYV[ \GRGSB ,QMB
:\GKZYKT
ZB[G CBC FT[\ ECNP .ZGCKX \GKRT\ GRTCY ,NM \K[BZ
ZVSC OKZBG\PF [EYPF \KC QCZGIN OKZG[YF \GPGXF
15
a \GBGCP
QKKXN KEM ZGCKX \GKRT\ OD GRTCY ,\KRT\ \MSPCG FKZMH
:\GBPDGE [GN[ KZFG .OKZIB \GRGSB
NBZ[K WZBC FNNGI\R ,749 ZBGRKC 18 ,JC[C D"MC
FDZFG \GCZ OKZT EGSKF ET FSZF[ ,FBZGR FPEB \EKTZ
KNBZ[K WZB ZGEKS N[ FHKRD TJYC .OKCZTG OKEGFK KVNB
:FBCF FYSKVF FTKVGP
,[TZF OGX GFGBZYK NBZ[K WZBN OGX JC[C D"MCG
.OKZT FCZF FRPP GNVRG F[TZ NBZ[K WZB[ OG[P
OKZVGSG OKYKEXG OKEKSIG OKPMI \GCZIF \I\ G\PG
\GNMG OKR\IG OKZGICG OKNNGTG OKYRGKG OKEKPN\G
\PBF QKKE LGZC ZVSP QKBG ZGTK[ QKBN OK[RG OK[RBG
.(340 'PT ,|L"[\~ J"M WKCZ\)
EYGPF NT GNTGF ,(1171 KBPC 26) B"NY\\ QGGKSC 'MC
,\VZXC[ (Blois) [KKGNC ZKTC OKEGFK OKKR[G OK[GN[
QC OKZVB KCZ .FVGZKB \[CKC FRG[BZF ,OE \NKNT NNDC
KDZJF TZGBPF \B ZB\P (CGZKYC 1200=1132) QGCP CYTK
G\GET \B OKKSP BGF ."FZKMH ZVS" GN[ FYKRGZMC FHF
:FBCF FYSKVC
|OKVNB 'E=~ B"E QGKSC OKZ[T ,\C[C KTKCZF
SGRKZG OKF KKBG \VZX \GNKFY NM GFGNCKY ,B"NY\\G
GRKCZ QGBDF \GGXPCG O[VR QGXZP \KRT\G EVS OGKN
OFKNB C\M Z[B |O\ GRKCZ=~ ZKBP 'Z CZF QC CYTK
KRC NMN OGX GTCYN BGF KGBZ KM ,OTKEGFG OKZVS
,OYKIB QC FKNED OGXP ,FHF OGXF FKFK NGEDG ,GRPT
GRKCZ QG[N FH .(I"M:D"M BZYKG) "BGF OKZGVM OGK KM"
,QPZCF P"B) OKEGFKF GNCKY QMG QGMR QMG ,C\M Z[B
.(G"MY 'PT ,G"[\ ,OKN[GZK ,\VZXG HRM[B \GZHD ZVS
FBG[F \NKDP
a
16
QKNGVC NIF [KKGNCC OEF \NKNT KZIB OKR[ 477 YGKEC
KRGKC 10) I"\ \R[ QGGKSC 'MC .FCZFC ZGPI KEGFK QGSB
\B GN[ OKTZGVF OKYHGYFG KYXKRNPI QEDGC GSZF (1648
LNFPC .QKNGVC[ CGZKPRC \D[D[PF \KEGFKF FNKFYF
OKTZGVF \GKVGRM GMK[PF QMP ZIBN[ OK[EGIF \[[
T[VP OKVI OKEGFK 50,000 IGXZNG \GRTN FNBF
.\GKEGFK \GNKFY N[ NGED ZVSP EKP[FNG
FKKBZ ET FKF[ ,(1683 \R[C ZJVR) ZCGRFP TJR Q\R KCZ
ZGBK\F \B GRN ZKB[F ,FNBF \GTZGBPF QP OKCZN
Q+G^K" FRGMPF ,GZVS ."J"\G I"\ \GZKHD" N[ Z\GKC YKGEPF
KNGKC QKNGVC[ CNSHC C\MR ,('D:J"S OKNF\ FBZ) "FNGXP
Q\R KCZ .QMP ZIBN OKR[ [PI FKXRGGC OSZGVG 1648
"\GXZB TCZBE WZB KRGBD" GRYK\ 1650 \R[C[ GRN ZVSP
[EGIC OKZ[T OGKC QKNGV \RKEP NMN ZGCKX \KRT\
,NMN TGEKM CGZPR \GDKZF G[TR[ OGKC GC ,\GZGEN QGKS
NT FDKZFN OPXT GZSP[ FRG[BZ FNKFY F\KF[
Q+G^K) OPE OGYRK O[FG GRN EGPT\ O\GMH .O[F \[GEY
.(78 'PT ,G"M[\ ,CKCB N\ ,QKZVNKKF 'EFP ,FNGXP
QGMPC OKEKPN\G OKZGP N[ FXGCY[ FCKSF \BH ,QMB
.FBG[F OGKC FR[ NM ZGCKX \KRT\ \PKKYP ZJM[
QGDM ,KZCTF FR[F IGNC \GNCB N[ \GVGY\ GRTCY ,\KR[
,(CBC FT[\G HGP\C Z[T FTC[ QKC) "OKZXPF QKC"
.\GTGC[N ISV QKC[ FZKVSF \VGY\G
FMKB \NKDP ,BPDGEN .\GRKYG \GNKDP GRZCKI ,\K[KN[
749 \R[C NGEDF [TZF ;QG[BZ \KC QCZGI \B FIKXRF
\R[C [KGNCC OEF \NKNT ;OKJGKV N[ FZEKSC IXRGF
17
a \GBGCP
CZF TGEKF YSGVF .\GYKRGZMCG OKJGKVC FIXRGF 1171
O[C FNKDP ZCKI ,(1662=1621) L"[F ,QFMF K\C[
\GZHD NT \GRKY QMG ('C='B:'F FKZMH FBZ) "F@V@T \NKDP"
\GRKY Q\GB .1651 \R[C OEZJ[PBC GSVER QFG J"\G I"\
'MC FVGZKB IZHPC GZPBRG \GCZ OKPTV GSVER \GZIBG
.FBG[F ET FR[ \GBP [GN[ L[PC QGKS
IKXRFN \RP NT FNKDP CG\MN GTKXF OKZCIP FPM ,QMB
OKYGYH GRB" :1970 \R[C C\M JSGG QKPKRC .FBG[F \B
NT O[GZ F[TK[ YHIG ZXY GF[P ,FBG[F N[ 'FMKB'N
Yad Vashem News 2,) "EIBM OKRKPBP-BNG OKRKPBP
.(1970, p. 7
NGXKRG KEZI CZ ,NTSPB ZKBP CZF OSZKV ,B"P[\ \R[C
'PT ,B"P[\ HGP\=QGGKS ,D"N) "ZGBPF"C ZPBP ,FBG[
:QTJ GC[ (17
GKF BZGRF QGSBF ZIB FR[ G"N BKF[ G[MT QMN
OKRCZFG OKZ"GPEBF ,OTF K[BZ USB\FN OKMKZX
OGK TGCYNG FXT SMJN ,\GCK[K K[BZ KNGED OT EIKC
NGEDF QCZGIF NT EGVSNG QRGYN ,NCB OGKG \KRT\
,FMKB \NKDP GPM FNKDP QY\NG NBZ[K OTN FZY[
ET \GZGE ZGEN \BH ZGSPNG FH OGKC \BZYR FKF\[
*.LGV[F GRKIB OE OGYRKG GRYEX IK[P BGCK[
CZF KEK NT ZBG\PF LZGXF \B \BNPP "FBG[F \NKDP"
NT FNKDP ZCIN FPN :FNB[F \NB[R NCB .NTSPB
:ZCEC \GCG[\ [GN[ ?G[MT BYGGE FBG[F
'PT ,(B"R[\ WKY) 'D \G[TN \TC KZPBP NT SSGCP N"RF NM *
.54=37
FBG[F \NKDP
a
18
CZF .FKIF \GETF O\KBG OKPNTR OKNGXKRF ,NM \K[BZ
.FBG[ NGXKR BGF ,GRN[ FETGGC ZCI FKF[ ,ZNERK[ ISV
QKKIBG QC BGF { FNKDPF ZCIP { QBR[ ZGEDKCB 'VGZV
KNGXKR N[ Q\I BGF QZCS 'DZG'D Z"E .FBG[ KNGXKR N[
,EIB ZGE EGTC NCB .FBG[ KNGXKR N[ QKKIB KRB .FBG[
.FZY[ FP NT EKTFN OKNGXKR KRCG OKNGXKR GZB[KK BN ZCM
KI Z[Y [K QKKET[M FIXRFF KSGVE \B TGCYN GRKNT
.OKNGXKRN
OB YZ \GEFKC ZMHR KZGJSKF TGZKB ,NKTN ZGPBM ,\KR[
EK" \CIZC \GBG[P [[ \YNEF .K\E QINGVC QDGTP BGF
BKF OBF NCB ,K\GTP[P QINGV BKF OKNGXKR KEK NT "O[G
?OKKIC OKNGXKR EGT QKB[M EPTP YKHI\
QGZMH OGK QMB BGF FBG[F OGK ,NBZ[K \RKEPC[ ZGZC
BGNPC FBG[F OGKN OKSIKK\P FRKEPF KIZHBG ,KPGBN
GKEZF KRZE[ ETG ZVSF \KC KENKP ,NMF .\GRKXZF
EIGKPC OKTSGR OKCZG ,FBG[F NT OKZCEP ,FKHKGNJFG
OKDFRPF NM JTPM NCB .OKZIB OKRGBKHGPNG "O[G EK"N
NBZ[KC FBG[F OGK .KPGBN GB KRGNKI KVGB OKB[GR FNBF
EEGP\FN KRKXZ QGKSKR OG[ OK[GT QKB .K\E EPKP NM ZSI
Z\K .FNTP FBG[F[ \GKDGNGBK\FG \GK\EF \GNB[F OT
OG[ QKBG OKEIGKP OKK\E OKSYJ OG[ OKPKKYP QKB ,QM NT
,\KDZGJKNG \K\E FRKICP ,ZPGNM .OGKF \GNKV\N \VSG\
."NKDZM OKYST" N[ OGK BGF NBZ[KC FBG[F OGK
GTP[ BN FNGDC OKCZ OKEGFK .Z\GK UB TGZD FNGDC CXPF
ORKB \GCKGIP KNTC OKEGFK GNKVBG ,FBG[F OGK NT ONGTP
.ZIB OGK NMC Z[BP \ZIB GC OKDFGR
19
a \GBGCP
N[ \ZCGDG \MNGF FTVG\N GRKPKC OKET GRB ,\K[KN[
GRKNT \NJGP LMKVNG .FBG[F KVNSP N[G FBG[F K[KIMP
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,DTJ TKGNC QNTJ[ZB#V TRTKKNC QTNPKF [JB@M
,FT[ TJYRTCTDSKGB ZTHERGB LB@R JTGG QTPGY
!B@E QTRKKH ZKP = JB@ZJ ZTHERGB QB@J YKGo B# JTGG'S
#
,KKR[ QGV ERB#N QJKKGG HKC ERB#NRTPNB#o OTRKZD QGV
,KKGG ZTHERGB JKP ,QKKo ZTHERGB JKP QB@ QTPGY ZKP
#
#
,JGNC ZTHERGB QGV WKZo[ B# HKB'S QNB#VTD eGG QGB
.JGP ZTHERGB ,FZGCD ZTHERGB JZB@E JTGG QXB@Zo[
,JRKKF OTE HERGB QENKDB#C QGHRDZB@P KE JTGG'S
#
#
JRKKV QJKP QERKGG[ZBV JTGG QJMTR ZTE QGB
#
= ZB@KB#Y OTE QKB QGH KE JTGG QTPB#HZB#V CKGB ZB@R
.ZGE GX ZGE QGV EKN SB@E QKKD NB@H NB@ZB#o B# KGG
,KKNC JKP JKR QGB JGNC JKP HKB QCKZ[TD EKN SB@E
#
#
,KKZV ZTE UGKB NDKGV B# QGV NEKN QKKY JKR HKB'S
#
#
JRTGG TYKERNB#V Q[KGGX YNB@V B# JB@F SB@E
.JRTF KE QKB STRB#DB#R JKP QTDRGHTD EKN SB@E
,DTGG QJXTN OTE JSKKD GE HB# ,NB@P QKKY JKR DB@H B@J
#
,DTJ TKGNC QNTJ[ZB#V TRTKKNC QTNPKF [JB@M
,FT[ TJYRTCTDSKGB ZTHERGB LB@R JTGG QTPGY
!B@E QTRKKH ZKP = JB@ZJ ZTHERGB QB@J YKGo B# JTGG'S
YKND [ZKF
51
a
OKZK[
ZP#B` \ B@R NB#
F@RfZIzB#F@ K]jZ^E# F+mF]" :ZP#B` \ B@R-NB#
!"F@R@RTzF@ KP+r
^ eZKv]^SF] OfiF# ZfB \B&
BfC@K^G N#T#K EfT fN eR^V#S^M]R OfK F&H
!F` o eRI^#RBz :OKT]Z^#K EfT eRE+@T^XP]e
OKZ]fV^M-K\+^jZ^#K E#T ZP@v@F#-WZ&B&P+
,OKZ]en]K^G \fCfB^MP#^a = F` o eRI^#RBz
FZ@^b]R Or
@ eRKP+c@-\#oJ] Zr
& Bz#Ce
.FZ@eC^D]a eRI+eZ-H` T EfT CeR@K B` NFz
,NF+@K ZfB eRP+fK N#T ZI#t
# F#-Eel#T
,N+X fP^j eR+NfPv^ U` NIz#K ZZ+fpF# OT]
= ZfBF@ BfC@N ZI+B#^K ,F@NK]NI@ ,OB] LB#
.ZfE^N ZfcP] ZKt
] F# BF+^K FP@^S]S fP^j
,Cv@^M]R BeF \Z&&VfTF@^G Oc@F# C\@^M]a
,CI#Z^l&F#^G ZfZc^F# Zfo]X \Z#Kr
] B` N BeF
,O@TF@ N@j eFeZr
@ OK]N^VfR \fZK]Y QK+C K]j
.OE@@K^a OK]RB#DB#R^G eFeZr
@ GKc@I^#K
F@RfZIzB#F@ K]jZ^E#" :ZP#B` \ B@R-NB# Q+j N#T
!"F@R@RTzF@ KP+r
^ eZKv]^SF] OfiF# ZfB \B&
BfC@K^G N#T#K EfT fN eR^V#S^M]R OfK F&H
!F` o eRI^#RBz :OKT]Z^#K EfT eRE+@T^XP]e
KYSRGN[ OFZCB KEK NT ODZG\
FBG[F \NKDP
a
52
FG@Y^v] F#
FP@K]R^o C@C+k#a EfT N@j
F@iP]fF KE]eF^K r&V&R
FP@KE]Y@ IZ@^HP] K\+Bz#V^Ne
F@i]VfX Qfi]X^N Q]K#T
eR\+@G^Y\] FE@^CB@ B` N EfT
O]K#o^NB# \fRr
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eR+XZ^B#^a Kr
] ^VI@ O#T \fKF^]N
.O]K@Nr
@ eZK]G Qfi]X WZ&B&
FEGDB BKF ,YZGK-GKRC FC[GPG 1901-C FPYGF[ ,OKRCZF \SRM
OGEKYN \NTGV OKRCZF \SRM .OKKCKJCZSRGY OKRCZ N[ \KPGBNRKC
,OKZGEKS \PSZVP BKF ;NBZ[K NNM \CGJNG \KCKJCZSRGYF \GEFKF
FMZEF Q\GRF FMNF ETG NT \KBZIB BKF ;OKZIB OKZVSG OK[PGI
OKKTGXYPF OKMZXF \B \\Z[P BKF .\KCKJCZSRGYF FTGR\N \K\MNF
QM GPMG ETS \GKRMG\G ,OKSRM ,OKPGSZV \GTXPBC FKZCI N[ OKK[KBFG
OK\Z[P OKRCZF \SRM KZCI .FTGR\F N[ [GKBF \ETG NT \KBZIB
OKKRIGZ OKMKZEPM ,OKMRIPM ,OKSGVPYG \GNKFY KRCZM ONGTF KCIZC
.OKK\NKFY OKRGDZB N[ OKNFRPMG \GEFKN OKZGPM ,BCXCG OKNGI K\CC
The Rabbinical Assembly
3080 Broadway, New York, New York, 10027
Tel: 212-280-6000; Fax: 212-749-9166
Email: info@rabbinicalassembly.org
www.rabassembly.org
,ZGYIN G\ZJP[ FFGCD FNM[FN ESGP BGF \GEFKF KTEPN ZJM[ QGMP
\KRGKGG[ ,FIG\V ,\KPEYB F[KDC \GEFKF KTEP \B NKIRFNG EPNN
OKKIC OPG[KK NTG O\GTP[P NT [DE \PK[ LG\ ,\KJSKNZGNVG
\KPGI\-CZ B"P \KRMG\ ZJM[ QGMP NFRP LM O[N .OKKRZEGPF
OKMRIPF ZGCKXNG NNMC \TEF KZIG[ NFYN \GEFKF KTEPC \KR[EIG
,OKKPG[KK ZYIP KRGMP NFRP ,OPGSZVG OKZYIP \CK\M EEGTP ,JZVC
.OKSRMG QGKT KPK OKKYPG
[ZEPF \KC :\GVSGR \G\GPT [GN[ \GRMG[ ZJM[ QGMP N[ SGVPYC
WZBC \KCKJCZSRGYF FTGR\N OKRCZ ZK[MP[ ,ZJM[ O[ NT OKRCZN
LGRKI N[ \KRMG\ \NFRPF K"N\ ZVS K\C QTPN LGRKIF QZY ;ONGTCG
;OKK\MNPP OKENK KRDG ZVS K\C 250-P Z\GKC OKENK 45,000-N KEGFK
K\C N[ \[Z ,WZBC [ZEP K\C N[ \[Z \PKKYPF OKN[GZK \[ZEP
\KEGFK \GCZ\N HMZP ,ZJM[ FGGR \B ODG ,FRKBZYGBC \GNKFYG ZVS
.CKCB N\C YEX FGGR \RGM[C
\GEFKF KTEPN ZJM[ QGMP
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books@schechter.ac.il :KRGZJYNB ZBGE
www.schechter.ac.il :JRZJRKB Z\B