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IN TODAY 'S PAPER
THE POWER OF
DIGITAL CURRENCY
WSJ. MAGAZINE
rem koolhaas & dasha zhukova
reinvent a moscow museum
REVIEW
VOL. CCLXV NO. 19
WEEKEND
* * * * * * *
HHHH $3.00
SATURDAY/SUNDAY, JANUARY 24 - 25, 2015
WSJ.com
U.S. Put
To Test
By Euro’s
Big Drop
What’s
News
i
i
i
World-Wide
S
audi Arabia’s King Salman, whose reign begins
amid a thorny set of economic and social challenges,
added his nephew Prince
Mohammed bin Nayef to the
line of succession. A1, A6
 Saudi Oil Minister Ali alNaimi is likely to stay in his
position until the turbulence
in oil markets subsides. A6
n Rebel leaders in eastern
Ukraine vowed to advance
against government forces
and boycott peace talks. A7
n The Supreme Court said
it would examine Oklahoma’s
lethal-injection protocol. A4
n Obama’s arrival in India
on Sunday showcases what
his administration sees as a
deepening relationship with
the South Asian nation. A5
Mohammed Mashhur/Agence France-Presse/Getty Images
n A victory by the Syriza
party in Greek elections Sunday could embolden leftist
parties in other countries. A1
BY JON HILSENRATH
Mourners gather around the grave of Saudi King Abdullah in Riyadh on Friday. King Salman, Abdullah’s half-brother, ascended to the throne.
n The rate of union membership in the U.S. fell
slightly last year, continuing
a decadeslong slide. A3
Saudis Aim to Project Stability
n The U.S. and Mexico are
increasingly competing for a
dwindling supply of farm labor, an analysis found. A3
BY AHMED AL OMRAN
AND FELICIA SCHWARTZ
n The ECB’s launch of an
aggressive bond-buying
stimulus program poses important tests for the U.S.
economy and the Fed. A1
n The euro fell to its lowest
against the dollar in more than
11 years, while U.S. stocks gave
up ground. The Dow fell 141.38
points to 17672.60. B1, B5
n Prosecutors intend to appeal a court ruling they say
could turn insider-trading
enforcement on its head. B2
n UPS’s shares sank after
the company said higher-thanexpected seasonal expenses
would drag down earnings. B1
n In-flight catalog publisher
SkyMall, hit by evolving rules
and technology, filed for
bankruptcy protection. B3
n McDonald’s warned that
sales and profit will remain
under pressure as it works
to lure back customers. B3
n Box Inc. shares rose 66%
in the cloud-computing company’s market debut. B3
n Morgan Stanley awarded
chairman and CEO James
Gorman restricted shares
valued at $4.5 million. B2
n State Street and Bank of
New York Mellon turned in
disappointing results. B2
n A mechanics-union unit
sued American Airlines over
alleged pressure to breach
federal maintenance rules. B4
n GE’s oil and gas business is
bracing for deepening trouble
from slumping oil prices. B4
Inside
NOONAN A13
A Republic
Of Disrespect
CONTENTS
Books..........................C5-10
Corporate News......B3,4
Eating & Drinking.D7-9
Heard on Street.......B14
In the Markets...........B5
Letters to Editor......A12
Opinion.....................A11-13
Sports................................A9
Stock Listings.....B10,13
Style & Fashion.....D4-6
Travel.............................D2,3
Weather Watch........B14
Weekend InvestorB7-9
>
s Copyright 2015 Dow Jones & Company.
All Rights Reserved
A NURSE’S STORY
World War II Vet’s
Lobotomy Scarred
Family She Raised
BY MICHAEL M. PHILLIPS
SUNLAND, Calif.—When Paul
Ludden visits his mother in the
nursing home, he sits on her bed
and sings with her. Dorothy, 94
years old, remembers words to
1940s ditties. But she struggles to
find memories of her days as a
Navy nurse during World War II.
When she grows quiet, Paul
strokes her gray head, passing
fingers over divots in her skull—
tangible reminders that the war
left his mother with profound
mental illness and that government doctors treated her by cutting into her brain and giving her
a lobotomy.
This is the woman who raised
Paul and his two brothers, patching their scrapes, cooking their
dinners and seeing them through
to adulthood. But she is also a
mother who could be childlike
and emotionally distant, prone to
humiliating public displays of
hostility, and who once chased a
friend out of the house with a
butter knife.
Dorothy is one of the last survivors among roughly 2,000 psychiatrically ill veterans the Veterans Administration lobotomized
in the 1940s and 1950s. The Wall
Street Journal in 2013 first detailed the VA lobotomy program
and profiled the troubled life of
World War II pilot Roman Tritz,
91, the only living lobotomized
veteran the newspaper could locate at the time.
Lawmakers then asked the VA
to find other surviving lobotomized veterans. VA headquarters,
which says its files on such old
cases are archived and difficult to
access, hadn’t found any other
survivors when Dorothy’s family
contacted the Journal.
Following the war’s end in
1945, hundreds of thousands of
veterans swamped VA hospitals
with psychological wounds ranging from what is now called PostTraumatic Stress Disorder to
schizophrenia. VA mental wards
were crowded with veterans,
sometimes violent and out of
touch with reality. But psychiatrists had few tools to treat them.
Lobotomies, in which doctors
sliced brain fibers thought to
transmit excessive emotions,
seemed a promising surgical solution to the VA.
Doctors knew and relatives
discovered, however, that lobotomies often erased personalities
and left patients unable to care
for themselves. Some like Dorothy were able go through the motions of normal life, but their
marred minds exacted a painful
toll on them and their families for
decades.
After the Journal’s first article
ran in 2013, Mr. Tritz emerged
somewhat from decades of selfisolation. Readers contributed
Please turn to page A10
Ludden family
Business & Finance
JEDDAH, Saudi Arabia—Saudi
Arabia’s new king swiftly moved
to allay worries about continuity
atop the oil kingdom, extending
the line of succession to a younger generation by naming a
nephew who has battled militant
extremists and political dissidents alike.
On the same day he ascended
to the throne, King Salman bin
Abdulaziz appointed his 55year-old nephew Prince Mohammed bin Nayef to the post of
Composite
n Thai prosecutors said
they would press charges
against former Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra. A5
i
i
i
deputy crown prince, putting
him second in line after Crown
Prince Muqrin bin Abdulaziz.
After decades of the crown
being passed from one son of
the kingdom’s founder, Abdulaziz ibn Saud, to another, the
decision to insert a grandson
into the line of succession
marked an important generational shift for the Saudi royal
family and the country that
bears its name. The move followed the death on Friday of
one of Saudi Arabia’s most popular and longest-serving leaders,
King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz.
Dorothy Ludden, a Navy nurse,
before her VA lobotomy.
prince. Well before becoming interior minister himself in 2012,
Prince Mohammed has been a
central figure in the kingdom’s
close relations with the U.S., and
met in December in Washington
with President Barack Obama.
“He’s an architect of the
Saudi counterterrorism effort;
he’s been the main point of contact for the U.S. on that,” a State
Department official said.
James Smith, the U.S. ambassador to Saudi Arabia from 2009
to 2013, said the new king and
deputy crown prince “might be
Please turn to page A6
After Abdullah
 Economic, social problems
pose challenge............. A6
 Nation’s oil minister
likely to stay on.......... A6
 Heard on the Street.. B14
Prince Mohammed bin Nayef
is credited with dismantling al
Qaeda in Saudi Arabia through
an aggressive anti-terrorism
policy that he led from 1999 under his father, a long-serving interior minister and later crown
Good Day for Box, Bad Day for Boxes
Share price in minute-by-minute trading on Friday
$23.23
$28
$116
up 66%
from IPO
26
Previous day’s close: $114.25
114
24
112
22
110
BOX
20
18
106
16
104
IPO price: $14.00
14
UPS
108
$102.93
102
12
100
10
11 noon 1
2
3
4
10
Source: FactSet
11 noon 1
2
3
4
The Wall Street Journal
UP AND DOWN: Shares of online-storage company Box shot up after
Friday’s IPO, but investors punished package shipper UPS after it reported
a tough holiday season despite strong demand and low oil prices. B1, B3
There’s No Easy Riding
For India’s Motorcycle Drill Team
i
i
i
Border Guards’ Elite Stuntmen Display
Feats on Wheels; ‘Peacock’ and ‘Lotus’
BY JESSE PESTA
AND SANTANU CHOUDHURY
 Merkel, Renzi see work ahead.. A8
 Parity rumblings for euro......... B1
Professors
Boost Rise
Of Leftists
In Greece
BY CHARLES FORELLE
down
9.9%
wearing a plastic peacock on his
head. “He’s gonna make lots of
girlfriends,” jokes his teammate
NEW DELHI—A few months Ashish Bhargava.
ago Sugit Oranv, a motorcycle
“I don’t think so,” Mr. Oranv
lover, graduated from high says, beads of sweat forming unschool and realized
der his peacock helhis dream: To join
met after the paIndia’s elite Border
rade’s final dress
Security Force.
rehearsal on Friday.
And this Monday
India’s paramilihe will be in front of
tary Border Security
the nation, and the
Force patrols some
world, as part of the
of the country’s
BSF’s crack team of
toughest terrain, inmotorcycle stuntcluding the Pakimen—known
as
stani and Bangla“Janbaz” or the
deshi frontiers, on
Dare Devils—permotorcycles
and
forming for dozens
camels. Drawing on
of dignitaries inthis expertise, the
BSF Dare Devils
cluding President
BSF also fields the
Barack Obama as
Dare Devils, a mopart of India’s annual Republic torcycle team whose wild disDay parade.
plays of precision and balance
Mr. Oranv will be the one
Please turn to page A10
P2JW024000-7-A00100-1--------XA
n A recent budget proposal
in Maine could make the state
the first to put nonprofits on
the property-tax rolls. A4
New King Names First Member of Next Generation to Royal Line of Succession
The European Central Bank’s
launch of an aggressive program
this week to buy more than €1
trillion in bonds poses important
tests for the U.S. economy and
the Federal Reserve.
Europe’s new program of
money printing—and the resulting fall in the euro—means the
U.S. economy must deal with a
rapidly strengthening dollar that
will make American goods more
expensive abroad.
The stronger dollar could slow
both U.S. growth and inflation,
giving the Fed some incentive to
hold off on its plan to raise
short-term interest rates later
this year from near zero.
U.S. officials have been playing
down that scenario, and, more
broadly, resisting talk of a global
currency war—competitive devaluations by countries eager to
keep their currencies as low as
possible to protect exports.
The U.S. dollar has already
soared in the wake of the ECB
announcement Thursday to
launch a €60 billion-a-month
bond-purchase program, known
as quantitative easing or QE.
That program will flood the eurozone’s financial system with euros created by the central bank
to buy government and private
sector bonds. That is expected to
boost growth by making eurozone goods and services cheaper
around the globe.
The dollar has already gained
15% against the currencies of U.S.
trade partners in the past year.
Among the factors driving the
Please turn to page A8
NAOUSA, Greece—Wearing
suit pants and a jacket, Costas
Lapavitsas stood Wednesday afternoon on the floor of a steelfabricating shop here and addressed a few dozen workers
and small-business owners who
smoked while sitting in plastic
chairs. “I am not a career politician,” he began.
Indeed. Mr. Lapavitsas’s political career is only a few weeks
old. In Greece’s elections Sunday,
he is a parliamentary candidate
for the leftist opposition party
Syriza, which leads Prime Minister Antonis Samaras’s conservative party in the polls and could
roil politics throughout Europe if
it wins.
For more than 20 years, the
54-year-old Mr. Lapavitsas has
taught economics at the University of London’s School of Oriental and African Studies. Now, he
is part of the cadre of academics-turned-politicians forging
Syriza’s economic thinking.
European economic orthodoxy, led by Germany, has fought
Greece’s debt crisis with painful
austerity—public-spending cuts
and tax hikes—and other strict
reforms. Syriza’s rise is the most
potent challenge yet to that orthodoxy.
If Syriza wins, it could embolden left-wing parties in other
countries, especially Spain,
where political tensions also are
boiling. It could even result in a
rift with Germany that ruptures
the euro.
The economic plan advanced
by Mr. Lapavitsas and other professors aligned with Syriza is
rooted in the core principles of
debt forgiveness and higher government spending, which Germany has rejected.
“We need to renegotiate the
logic,” says Yanis Varoufakis, a
Please turn to page A8
MAGENTA
BLACK
CYAN
YELLOW