docPumpkin Produc_on and Variety Update
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Pumpkin Produc_on and Variety Update
Pumpkin Produc-on and Variety Update Anne5e Wszelaki Commercial Vegetable Extension Specialist Retaining Soil Moisture= Pumpkins to Harvest From the ground up… • Pumpkins will do well on most soils • Should be well-‐drained • Rotate! • Do not plant pumpkins in fields where other vine crops have been grown during at least the past 2 years Bareground Fer-lity • 80 -‐90 lb total N/A (40-‐50 lbs preplant, 40-‐45 lbs sidedress) – Take into consideraKon amount of N you apply, as well as residual soil N (legumes, compost, etc.) • More nitrogen ≠ More yield – Too much = More vines, less fruit; greener fruit; shorter shelf-‐life Plas-culture Considera-ons • Extra cost up front can pay reward in yield and quality • Take -me to prepare proper seedbed • Some coun-es have equipment for mulch laying to lend Fer-lity – Plas-c Mulch Nitrogen (N) -‐80 – 150 lb/A total -‐25 – 50 lb/A at planKng -‐Remainder throughout the growing season through ferKgaKon -‐8 to 10 weekly applicaKons (beginning 3 to 4 weeks aUer planKng) Alternate 50 lb/A/week of calcium nitrate 50 lb/A/week of potassium nitrate 50 lb/A/week of water soluble 20 – 20 – 20 Fall-‐sown cover crops • Winter rye/hairy vetch work well – 60 lbs rye and 20 lbs vetch – N-‐Dure inoculent for vetch (Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae) • Add a mustard into the mix? • MUST have a management plan to kill cover! Cover crop kill… • Chemical – Cover crop will determine what herbicide to use • Mechanical Cover Crop Establishment • Fall-‐sown crop: Aim for mid-‐late September • Timing of establishment very important… Plan-ng Dates • Factors affecKng planKng date: – RelaKve Maturity – Market – Harvest Date – Microclimate – ProducKon PracKces – Frost Dates (?) – Soil Moisture • Most varieKes have relaKve maturiKes of 90 to 115 days – Those may not be exact days for you! – They are relaKve and oUen taken at the seed companies trial locaKon (oUen in the Northeast) Plan-ng Dates • Bare Ground – Late-‐June – Early July • No-‐Till – Mid-‐June – Early July • Plas-culture – Early July – Mid-‐July Pumpkin Spacing • Factors affecKng spacing: – Plant vigor – Fruit size desired – Moisture – Equipment – Weed control strategy Pumpkin Spacing – Bush • 5-‐6’ between rows; 2-‐3’ in-‐row • 4-‐6 lbs seed/acre – Semi-‐vine • 6-‐8’ between rows; 2-‐4’ in-‐row • 2-‐4 lbs seed/acre – Vine • 8-‐10’ between rows; 4-‐5’ in-‐row • 2-‐4 lbs seed/acre Pollina-on • Flowers open shortly aUer sunrise and remain open unKl late aUernoon or early evening • Honeybees: – 1 hive per 1-‐2 acres • NaKve bees can be important source of pollinaKon Squash Bees (Peponapis spp.) – Related to the carpenter bee – Collect pollen and nectar only from cucurbits – AcKve from pre-‐dawn unKl flower closes – Solitary bees – Underground nesters The squash bee is on the right… In the field, you may confuse them for honey bees, but look for their wide face, hairy legs, long tongue, and a wider abdomen then a honey bee. For more info, visit: hgp://bees.tennessee.edu/peponapis.htm. Irriga-on • Need water at criKcal Kmes to insure good fruit set and development • Moisture stress will affect fruit size but not number • PracKcal in retail operaKons where lots of high quality pumpkins are needed • May not be cost effecKve in large wholesale operaKons • 1 to 2 1/2 inches of water/A/ wk (Precheur, Ohio State) Harvest Considera-ons • Harvest when fully mature, with a deep orange color and hardened rind (ideally) • Avoid harvesKng when foliage is wet • Cut stems as close to vine as possible • Careful handling can prevent wounding and help maintain quality What about the stems? Postharvest Handling • Wash? • Store in a cool, dry, dark place – Cool: 50 – 60 degrees F – RelaKve humidity: 50 – 70% – Single layer – Barrier between pumpkins and soil, if possible Variety Selec-on • Cucurbita pepo (Jack-‐o-‐ lantern types) – Many have been bred for resistance • Cucurbita maxima (Giant pumpkins) – Resistance to powdery mildew • Cucurbita moschata (Long Island Cheese) – NaKve to Eastern U.S. and Puerto Rico – Generally more tolerant of hot, humid weather – Greater resistance to disease and insects Pumpkin Varie-es for the Southeast Anne5e L. Wszelaki Dept. of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee Jonathan R. Schultheis Dept. of Hor-cultural Science, NCSU Objec-ve: To compare new cul-vars or advanced lines of pumpkins for yield, quality and adapta-on to growing condi-ons in the Southeast Methods • 38 pumpkin cul-vars, 4 replicates, mini to extra large • Plots: 25’ long • Plant spacing: 5’ between plants 15’ between plots 10’ between rows • Loca-on: Mountain Research Sta-on, Waynesville, NC • Planted: 6/14/13 • Harvested: 9/19/13 Methods • Fer-lity: – 68 lbs/acre N and 50 lbs/acre K20, incorporated prior to planKng – Calcium nitrate (15.5-‐0-‐0) applied through drip irrigaKon at rate of 25 lbs/acre/applicaKon • Insec-cides: – Applied according to label rate weekly or every 2 weeks – Alternated spray applicaKons: Asana, Baythroid, Coragen and Warrior • Fungicides: – Applied according to label rate weekly – Alternated spray applicaKons: Presidio, Procure, Quintec, Rally and Ranman Mini Pumpkins Bumpkin • Averaged 20-‐25 pumpkins/plant • 0.5-‐1 lb/pumpkin • Semi-‐vine • 95 days Weeeeone • Averaged 15-‐20 pumpkins/plant • 1 lb/pumpkin • Full vine • 95 days • Carvable Small Pumpkins Field Trip • Averaged 7 pumpkins/plant • 5 lbs/pumpkin • Semi-‐vining • Intermediate resistance PM • 105 days Early Abundance • Averaged 6 pumpkins/plant • 5-‐10 lbs/pumpkin • Full vine • Intermediate resistance PM • 90 days Baby Wrinkles • Averaged 3 pumpkins/plant • 10 lbs/pumpkin • 100 days Goosebumps II • Averaged 4 pumpkins/plant • 5-‐10 lbs/pumpkin • Full vine • 95 days Hijinks • Averaged 7 pumpkins/plant • 5-‐10 lbs/pumpkin • Full vine • AAS Winner • 100 days JPN 1573 • Averaged 6 pumpkins/plant • 2.5-‐5 lbs/pumpkin • Bush • PM tolerance • 100 days • Experimental JPN 1581 • Averaged 5 pumpkins/plant • 5-‐10 lbs/pumpkin • 100 days • Experimental Li5le Giant • Averaged 6 pumpkins/plant • 2-‐4 lbs/pumpkin • Semi-‐vine • Intermediate resistance PM • 105 days Speckled Hound • Averaged 6 pumpkins/plant • 5-‐10 lbs/pumpkin • Full vine • Intermediate resistance ZYMV • 95-‐100 days Darling (1032) • Averaged 6 pumpkins/plant • 5-‐10 lbs/pumpkin • Restricted vine • Intermediate resistance PM • 95 days • Oblong Medium Pumpkins Magic Lantern • Averaged 3 pumpkins/plant • 15-‐25 lbs/pumpkin • Semi-‐vine • Intermediate resistance PM • 115 days Solid Gold • Averaged 3-‐4 pumpkins/plant • 15-‐25 lbs/pumpkin • Full vine • 100 days Charmed • Averaged 3 pumpkins/plant • 15-‐20 lbs/pumpkin • Medium to full vine • Intermediate resistance PM • 100 days HMX 1691 • Averaged 2-‐3 pumpkins/plant • 15-‐25 lbs/pumpkin • Intermediate resistance PM • 110-‐115 days HMX 1692 • Averaged 4 pumpkins/plant • 15-‐20 lbs/pumpkin • Intermediate resistance PM • 110-‐115 days Honky Tonk • Averaged 3-‐4 pumpkins/plant • 15-‐20 lbs/pumpkin • Semi-‐vine • 100 days Racer • Averaged 3 pumpkins/plant • ~15 lbs/pumpkin • Semi-‐vine • 90 days Large Pumpkins Aladdin • Averaged 3 pumpkins/plant • 25-‐30 lbs/pumpkin • Full vine • PM tolerance • 105 days Champion • Averaged 2-‐3 pumpkins/plant • 25-‐35 lbs/pumpkin • Semi-‐vine • 90-‐95 days Cronus • Averaged 2 pumpkins/plant • 25-‐40 lbs/pumpkin • Full vine • PM tolerance • 105-‐110 days Dependable • Averaged 2-‐3 pumpkins/plant • 25-‐40 lbs/pumpkin • Full vine • Intermediate resistance PM • 95 days Earlipack • Averaged 2-‐3 pumpkins/plant • 25-‐30 lbs/pumpkin • Semi-‐vine • 95days Early Giant • Averaged 3 pumpkins/plant • 30-‐50 lbs/pumpkin • Full vine • Intermediate resistance PM • 95 days Early King • Averaged 2-‐3 pumpkins/plant • 20-‐30 lbs/pumpkin • Full vine • Intermediate resistance PM • 90 days First Harvest • Averaged 2-‐3 pumpkins/plant • 25-‐35 lbs/pumpkin • Full vine • Intermediate resistance PM • 90 days Gold Medal • Averaged 3 pumpkins/plant • 20-‐35 lbs/pumpkin • Semi-‐vine • 90-‐95 days HMX 0688 • Averaged 3-‐4 pumpkins/plant • 20-‐30 lbs/pumpkin • PM tolerance • 100 days JPN 1542 • Averaged 3 pumpkins/plant • 25-‐30 lbs/pumpkin • Semi-‐vine • 105 days Blue Pumpkins Jarrahdale • Averaged 2 pumpkins/plant • 10-‐25 lbs/pumpkin • Full vine • PM tolerance • 100 days Blue Doll • Averaged 5 pumpkins/plant • 15-‐25 lbs/pumpkin • Full vine • PM tolerance • 100 days Blue Harvest • Averaged 3-‐4 pumpkins/plant • 10-‐15 lbs/pumpkin • Full vine • PM tolerance • 100 days Grey Ghost • Averaged 4-‐5 pumpkins/plant • 10-‐15 lbs/pumpkin • Full vine • PM tolerance • 100 days New Zealand Blue • Averaged 4 pumpkins/plant • 10-‐15 lbs/pumpkin • Full vine • PM tolerance • 100 days Marina di Chioggia • Averaged 2 pumpkins/plant • 10-‐20 lbs/pumpkin • Full vine • PM tolerance • 100 days Triamble • Averaged 4 pumpkins/plant • 10-‐15 lbs/pumpkin • Full vine • PM tolerance • 105 days Queensland Blue • Averaged 3-‐4 pumpkins/plant • 10-‐15 lbs/pumpkin • Full vine • PM tolerance • 100 days Acknowledgements • Kaleb Rathbone • Chris Leek • Wszelaki Lab • Mountain Research Sta-on Farm Crew • Melody Rose • Abbo5 & Cobb • Clinon Seed • DP Seeds • Harris Moran • Johnny’s Selected Seed • Rupp • Sakata • Seeds by Design • Seedway • Siegers Thank you! Ques-ons? Contact: Anne5e Wszelaki anne5ew@utk.edu 865.974.8332 To view the full 2012 report, visit: h5p://vegetables.tennessee.edu/trialresults/ pumpkins.html
