Paradigm Shifts in the Curriculum: Challenges

Transcription

Biology Teachers Association of the Philippines, Inc. (SEC Reg. No. CN200900931)
Paradigm Shifts in the Curriculum:
Challenges & Opportunities for Biologists
April 9-11, 2015
ATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITY
Loyola Heights, Quezon City
http://biotaph.org
PROGRAMME AND BOOK OF ABSTRACTS
Loyola Schools
School of Humanities
Department of English
Department of Filipino
Department of Interdisciplinary Studies
Department of Modern Languages
Department of Philosophy
Department of Theology
Fine Arts Program
School of Science and Engineering
Department of Biology
Department of Chemistry
Department of Environmental Science
Department of Information Systems
and Computer Science
Department of Mathematics
Department of Physics
Department of Electronics, Computer,
and Communications Engineering
Health Sciences Program
Centers
Ateneo Center for Economic Research
and Development (ACERD)
Ateneo Center for Organization
Research and Development (ACORD)
Ateneo Teacher Center (ATC)
Center for Communication Research
and Training (CCRT-MirLab)
Ateneo de Manila University
Loyola Schools
Katipunan Avenue, Loyola Heights
Quezon City 1108
Tel: +63 2 426 6001
http://www.ateneo.edu/ls
John Gokongwei School of Management
Department of Finance and Accounting
Department of Leadership and Strategy
Department of Marketing and Law
Department of Quantitative Methods
and Information Technology
School of Social Sciences
Chinese Studies Program
Department of Communication
Department of Economics
Department of Education
Department of History
Department of Political Science
Department of Psychology
Department of Sociology
and Anthropology
Development Studies Program
European Studies Program
Japanese Studies Program
BIOLOGY TEACHER ASSOCIATION
OF THE PHILIPPINES
In cooperation with
ATENEO DE MANILA UNIVERSITY
50th Annual National
BIOTA Convention &
Scientific Sessions
Paradigm Shifts in the Curriculum:
Opportunities and Challenges for
Biologists
9-11 April 2015
Katipunan Avenue, Loyola Heights, Quezon City
1
Contents
Convention Theme and Rationale 3
Messages 4
BIOTA-Philippines, Inc. - Mission, Vision and Programs 12
BIOTA-Philippines, Inc. - Governing Board (2013-2015) 13
A Glimpse of BIOTA’s Past 14
Convention Committees 16
Conference Keynote 18
Plenary Lectures 19
Programme of Activities
30
Abstracts of Keynote and Plenary Lectures 35
Abstracts of Lecture-Seminar Papers 38
Abstracts of Poster Papers 91
Abstracts of Workshops 132
National Chapter Activities 145
Local Chapter Activities 152
Sponsors and Donors 178
Exhibitors 178
Acknowledgements 178
Location Map 180
Notes 181
2
Convention Theme and Rationale
3
4
5
6
Republic of the Philippines
Quezon City
OFFICE OF THE MAYOR
Herbert M. Bautista mpa mnsa
MESSAGE
The Quezon City government congratulates the BIOLOGY
TEACHERS ASSOCIATION OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC. on
the occasion of their 50th BIOTA Annual National Convention and
Scientific Sessions.
Your commitment to maintain and uphold the dignity of the
teaching profession is a stimulus in our common pursuit for city and
national progress. You are to be commended for involving yourselves
in youth development through education, information dissemination,
and conversations in biology. The stellar role you play in enriching the
youth with developmental aptitude and skills in biology is very much
needed in today’s modern, scientific and competitive world.
I thank BIOTA for being actively involved in our unrelenting
pursuit to upgrade knowledge and skills in biology as a medium in
transforming people’s lives and to be at par with global development
in science and technology. You are leaders in developing our students’
innate talents in biology and in keeping abreast with today’s fast-paced
scientific development. Join us in investing in our youth for us to
continuously improve all that our City has attained and evenly spread
the gains and benefits to a greater number of people.
Our City must be education responsive in every field of interest if
we hope to cope with the people’s expectations. We recognize the
tireless efforts of educational institutions and knowledgeable
professors and teachers to bridge the gap for a more effective learning
experience. I am confident our teachers shall continue to be our
productive counterparts as we work towards the total development of
our youth.
MABUHAY TAYONG LAHAT!
7
These are exciting times for biology. The disruptive currents that
you see happening at the micro and macro levels, from
bioengineering to biodiversity, pose frontier challenges for 21st
century science and society.
The theme of the 50th Biology Teachers Association (BIOTA)
Annual National Convention and Scientific Sessions, “Paradigm
Shifts in the Curriculum: Challenges and Opportunities for
Biologists”, could not come at a more opportune time. With the
implementation of K-12 and the region gearing up for ASEAN
integration, a shift in the way we teach and do research—the way
we think—has become an imperative.
How are these disruptive currents and social policy changes
driving the paradigm shifts that we need to make in the biological
sciences? How are these shifts truly radical and strategic, and not
merely incremental? What are we embracing, what are we letting
go?
By providing an opportunity to exchange ideas and share
experiences in teaching and research, this convention promises to
enhance the capabilities of biology teachers to adequately equip
and shape our students for world of increasing complexity and
volatility. It can also be a catalyst for the paradigm shifts that
biology teaching so needs to make if we are to place ourselves at
the frontiers of 21st century science and society.
The Ateneo de Manila University is thus most honored to host
this year’s convention. May this year’s gathering ignite and sustain
the paradigmatic changes we all need to make, and never just for
the sake of change, but always for the sake of others, the common
good, the greater good and, as we say here at the Ateneo de
Manila, ad majorem Dei gloriam
for the greater glory of God,
8
9
BIOLOGY TEACHERS ASSOCIATION OF
THE PHILIPPINES INC.
c/o DOST-Philippine Science High School System
Agham Road, Diliman, Quezon City 1104
MESSAGE
Our government envisions that an enhanced K-12 program will help address
Philippine economic challenges brought by current environmental concerns, the growing
knowledge economy, and ASEAN integration 2015. Delivery of quality education,
particularly in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) is deemed
vital for the Philippines to be economically competitive, and its marginalized citizens to
be alleviated from poverty.
Biology education in particular plays an important role in bringing students to
deeper understandings of major issues that impact our world today such as health
concerns, changing climate, bioresource conservation & sustainability, biodiversity
preservation, biotechnology, among others. Through integration of effective teaching
approaches, practical research methods, and innovative curricular changes into science
courses, we BIOTAns can affirm the biologist’s role as change agents who can help
address the impact of the K to 12 curriculum shift. Being open to the new paradigms
before us, the challenges brought on by the country’s changing educational landscape
can also be rich opportunities for (re)learning in our fields of practice.
In support of the government’s educational goals, and to further uphold
BIOTA’s mission-vision of pursuing excellence in biology education and research, this
three-day convention aims to provide a venue for the exchange of ideas and sharing of
experiences on challenges and opportunities encountered in the implementation of the
curriculum. The presentations and activities also hope to allow us BIOTAns to
(re)establish and strengthen collaborations that would enrich both our work and role as
biology educator-researchers.
My deepest gratitude to my dedicated partners in the BIOTA National
Governing Board, and to supportive colleagues from the different BIOTA chapters who
helped bring this convention to fruition. Congratulations to one of the newest member
of the BIOTA - the Ateneo de Manila University Chapter - for its successful planning
and hosting of this convention!
Mabuhay ang BIOTA!
Jessamyn Marie O. Yazon, Ph.D.
President, BIOTA Philippines
10
Greetings fellow BIOTAns!
It was year 1993 when BIOTA Philippines last graced the Ateneo with its warm
and colorful annual convention. The theme for that year was Environmental
Education for a Sustainable Development. I find it extraordinary that in over
two decades, the university has moved toward the direction of sustainability
and greater concern for the environment. If you will take time to walk around,
maybe you will notice that green is actually the more dominant color in the
Loyola Campus. The Jesuits, the Ateneans have envisioned this campus to be a
nurturing environment for learning and formation of young people who will
someday carry out the Ignatian mission – to be Light in the Lord. And I think
that people, family and community that move toward the same vision, even if
they come from different backgrounds, have inspired institutions like the
Ateneo to fulfill their mandates.
The BIOTA Philippines has come a long way. Through its journey of success and
legacy it has touched and transformed not only people but also institutions.
Three of the past presidents of the BIOTA are dear members of our
department, including the late Jaime C. Joaquin. Our department, which is
about as old as the BIOTA, is greatly indebted to Mr. Joaquin who, with great
passion and commitment, had served as its leader for more than three decades.
His touchstone leadership, I believe, has been marked by the love and support
of his fellow BIOTAns — something our department, his family, is truly grateful
for.
On behalf of the Department of Biology of the Ateneo, now also to be known as
the BIOTA AdMU Chapter, I warmly congratulate the BIOTA Philippines in its
fiftieth year of meaningful gathering. We are truly honored to host this
momentous event.
Welcome to the Ateneo and may we all have a fruitful and memorable
convention.
Merab A. Chan, Ph.D.
Chair, Department of Biology,
President, BIOTA AdMU Chapter, &
Convention Chair, 50th BIOTA Annual
National Convention & Scientific Sessions
11
BIOTA-Philippines, Inc.
Mission and Vision, and Programs
BIOTA-Philippines, Inc. is a SEC- registered non-stock, non-profit organization
established to promote the science of BIOLOGY in all its branches. It is one of
the largest professional organizations with regional chapters and active members
all over the Philippines.
Vision and Mission
 To serve as a medium in advancing the science of Biology in all its branches
To enhance working relations and cooperation among educators, researchers,
organizations and agencies involved in biology education
To pursue excellence in biology education and research in the country
To encourage students to elect a degree course and career in the biological sciences
Programs:
 Holding of an annual convention at the national, regional and university levels to foster
unity, fellowship and exchange of ideas
 Publication of the Philippine BIOTA, a peer-reviewed, annual journal containing original
research studies and teaching activities of the members
 Publication of the BIOTA Newsletter that carries activities of the Governing Board and the
different chapters
 Organization and Reactivation of the BIOTA Regional Chapters
 Conduct and sponsor teacher training seminars and workshops
 Link with other government and non-government organizations and institutions
12
BIOTA-Philippines, Inc. Governing Board
(2013-2015)
PRESIDENT
Jessamyn Marie O. Yazon, Ph.D.
Philippine Science High School System
VICE PRESIDENT
Edna A. Amparado, Ph.D.
University of the Philippines, Diliman
TREASURER
Rosalinda Mercedes
E. Castillo, M.Sc.
La Consolacion College, Manila
SECRETARY
Glorina P. Orozco, Ph.D.
Far Eastern University, Manila
AUDITOR
Genersol G. Monton, M.Sc.
Fort Bonifacio High School
PUBLIC
RELATIONS OFFICER
Michael A. Clores, Ph.D.
Ateneo de Naga University
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Benilda Z. Narcelles, Ph.D.
University of Baguio
Ma. Josefa R. Pante, Ph.D.
Josefino R. Castillo, M.Sc.
University of the Philippines – Diliman
University of Sto. Tomas
Donna Salve P. Cornes, M.Sc. Maria Elena D. Pinlac
Lyn D. Paraguison, M.Sc.
Philippine Science High School
Manuel Luis Quezon High School
13
Jayson G. Chavez, M.Sc.
Far Eastern University, Manila
Rosie S. Madulid, M.Sc.
Ex-officio
A Glimpse of BIOTA’s Past…
“To promote the Science of Biology in all its branches” was the aim of the biology teachers
and biologists who gathered together in February 1966 at then Science Pavilion on Herran
Street in Manila. This group of biology teachers met to discuss ways of improving
introductory college courses. Thus, the Biology Teachers Association of the Philippines,
Inc. was born and its first set officers elected.
Over the years, from 1966 up to the present, the organization was led by very dynamic and
visionary leaders.
PRESIDENTS OF BIOTA-PHILIPPINES, INC.
PRESIDENT
SCHOOL
YEAR
PABLO ALFONSO
BENITO VERGARA
BENJAMIN C. GABRIEL
CARMEN G. KANAPI
EDUVIGIS B. PANTASTICO
JAIME C. JOAQUIN
FELICISIMA C. GARCIA
LILIAN G. ALFONSO
ROSALINA B. VILLAVICENCIO
ARMANDO A. ANDAYA
LUCILLE C. GREGORIO
VIRGINIA S. CARIÑO
VICENTA F. REYES
CRESCENCIA C. JOAQUIN
SALVACION P. ANGTUACO
CATHERINE G. B. LAGUNZAD
EDUARDO P. DE LEON
ROSIE S. MADULID
JESSAMYN MARIE O. YAZON
University of the Philippines Los Baños
International Rice Research Institute
Far Eastern University
University of Santo Tomas
Philippine Women's University
University of Philippines Science Education Center
De La Salle University
University of the Philippines Diliman
Philippine Science High School System
1966-1968
1968-1970
1970-1971
1971-1974
1974-1976
1976-1978
1978-1979
1979-1981
1981
1981-1984
1984-1985
1985-1987
1987-1991
1991-1995
1995-1999
1999-2003
2003-2007
2007- 2011
2011-2015
Three months later after its establishment, the first BIOTA national conference was held at
the University of the Philippines in Los Baños, wherein lecture-demonstrations were
conducted and the organization’s constitution and by-laws were drawn up and ratified.
With a view to expansion, regional groups were organized under a regional officer whose
main task was to recruit new members.
Since then, a national BIOTA convention has been held once a year. The annual three-day
convention had varying themes each year, responsive to current and relevant national
issues. In chronological order, the annual conferences had the following themes and
convention sites:
YEAR
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
VENUE
University of the Philippines, Los Baños
College of Agriculture
Philippine Women's University
Centro Escolar University
University of Sto. Tomas
St. Louis University, Baguio City
University of the East
San Carlos University, Cebu City
CONVENTION THEME
Conservation
Molecular Biology
Maintaining Environmental Integrity
Biology Teaching Techniques
Focus: Biology Teachers
Marine Ecosystems
The Biologist in Community Development
14
YEAR
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
VENUE
University of Nueva Caceres
M. Marcos Memorial University
UPSEC-Asian Institute of Tourism
Siliman University
De La Salle University
Mindanao State University
University of the Philippines, Visayas
Adamson University, Manila
Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State
University, Bacnotan
Maryknoll College
Leyte National High School
Marikina Institute of Science and
Technology
University of Baguio/ Benguet State
University
Colegio de Santa Isabel
Ateneo de manila University
Central Mindanao University
Philippine Science High School, Diliman
University of Northern Philippines Vigan
Central Luzon State University in Munoz
1999
Centro Escolar University
2000
University of San Agustin, Iloilo
2001
2002
University of Santo Tomas in Manila
Xavier University, Cagayan de Oro City
2003
2004
2005
Adamson University, Manila
Northwestern University, Laoag City
La Salle Greenhills, Mandaluyong City
2006
Western Mindanao State University/
Ateneo de Zamboanga University/
Zamboanga State College of Marine
Sciences and Technology, Zamboanga
City
University of Santo Tomas, Manila
1987
1988
1989
1990
2007
2008
2009
2010
University of La Salette, Santiago City,
Isabela
University of Makati
Palawan State University
2011
2012
Ateneo de Naga University
2013
2014
University of Baguio
CONVENTION THEME
The Biologist in Regional Development
The Biologist in a Changing Society
Sharing Ideas on Food Resources
Challenges in Biology Education Today
Ecological Areas of Concern
Research Management
Technology Transfer Through Biology Education
Contemporary Issues in Biology and Biology Education
Utilization of and Contemporary Issues on Aquatic Resources
The Biology Teacher and the Changing Curriculum
Biology Teachers and New Development in Biology
Biology, Technology and Society
Biology for National Recovery
Biology Environment and Survival
Environmental Education for a Better Society
Environmental Management for Economic Recovery
Science & Technology: Focus on Livelihood
Environmental Education for a Sustainable Development
Biology Education Toward the Year 2000
The Biologist in Education Research and Technology
Biodiversity: Issues and in Concerns
Biology Education in the Information Age
Biology Education and Agrotechnology in the Third
Millennium
Biology Education in the Third Millennium Focus on
Operationalzing Scientific and Technological Literacy
Biology Education in the 21st Century: Enhancing Teaching
Competencies
Environmental Education for All
Biodiversity Education and Research for Community
Development
Current Trends in Biology
e-Learning in Biology
Biology Education in Health, Peace and Sustainable
Development
Biology Education in the Classroom and Beyond
The Biologist: as an Educator, Researcher and Community
Worker
The Century of Biology: A Celebration of Life
Biologists in Bioresource Exploration and Conservation
Biology and the Decade of Education for Sustainable
Development
Trends in Biology Education and Research
Twenty-First Century Biology: Pedagogy and Scientific
Research
Enriching Biology Education: Transformative Learning in the
K to 12 Curriculum
Innovations in Biology Education in the New Curriculum
15
CONVENTION STEERING COMMITTEES
Convention Chair: Merab A. Chan
Convention Co-chair: Jan Lorie M. Robil
Invitations
Chair: Jessamyn Marie Yazon
Members: Merab Chan,
Glorina Divina Orozco
Maria Elena Pinlac,
Certificates and Awards
Chairs: Glorina Divina Orozco, Maria Elena
Pinlac, Donna Salve Cornes
Co-chair: Crisanto Lopez
Members: Jan Lorie Robil
Reshan Baoas
Cyrell Ate
Stephanie Velasquez
Promotions, Publicity, and Newsletter
Chairs: Jan Lorie Robil, Benilda Narcelles
Co-chair: Ma. Josefa Pante
Members: Ronald Allan Cruz
Edna Amparado
Jayson Chavez
Socials / Cultural Presentation
Chairs: Ronald Allan Cruz, Pia Gulpeo, Josef Soller
Co-chairs: Genersol Monton, Lyn Paraguison
Members: Bicol Chapter members, members of the
Ateneo Biological Organization eXplore eXperience
eXcel (BOx), home organization of undergraduate
Biology students of the Ateneo
Secretariat
Chair: Glorina Divina Orozco
Documentation
Co-Chair: Ma. Josefa Pante
Members: Adria Rae Eda
Josef Soller
Kits and Souvenir items
Co-chair: Janice Ragaza
Members: Genersol Monton
Reshan Baoas
Cyrell Ate
Stephanie Velasquez
Website and Technical
Members: Ma. Josefa Pante
Reuben Campos
Paper Presentations Screening Committee:
Finance and Registration
Chair: Rosalinda Mercedes Castillo
Co-chair: Genersol Monton
Members: Josefino Castillo
Donna Cornes
Arni Gilbuena
Zomesh Maini
Glorina Orozco
Solicitations / Ways and Means
Chair: Maria Katrina Constantino
Co-chairs: Rhea Abisado
Rosalinda Mercedes Castillo
Track Directors: Michael Clores
Edna Amparado
Maria Elena Pinlac
Donna Salve Cornes
Benilda Narcelles
Rodolfo Treyes
Genersol Monton
Member: Ma. Josefa Pante (Technical)
Paper Presentations (Workshop, Seminar and
Poster)
Lecture: Neil Tan Gana
Maria Kenosis Emmanuelle Lachica
Jonathan Patrick Yan
Josef Soller
Maria Katrina Constantino
Crisanto Lopez
Pia Gulpeo
Janice Ragaza
Zomesh Maini
Vivian Panes
Workshop: Hendrik Freitag
Members: Jhoana Garces
Princess Spica Cagande
Kate Lopez
Vinyl Joseph Valeza
Adam Gerson Eleccion
Edwin Palenzuela
Reynaldo Guevara
Poster: Adria Rae Eda
Members: Edwin Palenzuela
Reynaldo Guevara
Lilibeth Sanchez
Jonathan Patrick Yan
Josef Soller
Joseph Dominic Palermo
Kevin Labrador
John Christopher Azcarraga
Jhunrey Follante
Altair Agmata
16
Souvenir Program and Program
Chairs: Michael Clores and Jan Lorie Robil
Co-Chair: Ma. Josefa Pante
Members: Jayson Chavez
Jericca Gunda
Amanda Sarto-Delos Santos
Jessamyn Yazon
John Christopher Azcarraga
Field Trip
Chair: Catherine Lagunzad
Co-chair: Paulo Joson, Jonathan Patrick Yan,
Ronald Allan Cruz
Members: Josef Soller
Pia Gulpeo
Jhoana Garces
Kate Lopez
Vinyl Joseph Valeza
Venue and Physical Arrangement
Chair: Adria Rae Eda
Co-chair: Lilibeth Sanchez, Stephanie
Velasquez
Member: Reynaldo Guevara
Edwin Palenzuela
Commercial Exhibits
Food
Chair: Arni Gilbuena
Co-chair: Noelyn Bonagua
Members: Benilda Narcelles
Lyn Paraguison
Evaluation
Chair: Arni Gilbuena
Members: Reshan Baoas
Cyrell Ate
Stephanie Velasquez
Reception
Chairs: Janice Ragaza, Maria Katrina
Constantino,
Noelyn Bonagua
Co-chairs: Genersol Monton
Pia Gulpeo,
Josef Soller
Jhoana Garces
Kate Lopez
Vinyl Joseph Valeza
Membership/ Constitution& by-Laws:
Chair: Edna Amparado
Members: Jessamyn Yazon, Rosie Madulid
Accommodations
Chair: Vivian A. Panes
Co-chair: Jan Lorie Robil
Members: Reshan Baoas
Cyrell Ate
Stephanie Velasquez
BIOTA Journal:
Editors: Sonia Jacinto, Rodolfo Treyes, Benilda
Narcelles, Jessamyn Yazon
Members: Reshan Baoas and Cyrell Ate (for
distribution)
Chair: Zomesh Maini
Co-chairs: Lyn Paraguison, Pia Gulpeo
Members: Reynaldo Guevara
Edwin Palenzuela
Jayson Chavez
Elections
Chair: Crescencia Joaquin, Virginia Cariño
Members: Rosie Madulid, Catherine Lagunzad
17
Convention Keynote
"BUILDING
BLOCK FOR A BETTER FUTURE
FOR THE FILIPINO"
ATTY. TONISITO M.C. UMALI
Assistant Secretary, Department of Education
Atty. Tonisino M.C. Umali is a co-spokesperson of the Department of Education
(DepEd). As DepEd Assistant Secretary for Legal and Legislative Affairs, he was
instrumental in the passage of the Republic Act. No. 10533 of the Enhanced Basic
Education Act of 2013 also popularly known as the K to 12 Program and its
Implementing Rules and Regulation (IRR) and served as the resource person for K to 12
nationwide. He served as the Chairperson of a Committee in charge of the transition
issues on the implementation of the said K to 12 law particularly on the law’s effects to
private basic education schools and Higher Education institutions (HEIs). He has been
active in the legislative and budget process in coordination with the members of the
Congress and local chief executives of the various local government units. Atty. Umali
finished his Juris Doctor Degree at Ateneo de Manila University, College of Law, Mkati
City, his Bachelor of Science in Legal Management at Ateneo de Manila University,
Quezon City; his secondary education at Quezon City Science High School; and his
elementary at Notre Dame of Greater Manila at Caloocan City. Assistant Secretary
Umali is a member of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) and the California
State Bar; is an election and litigation lawyer by profession. Aside from a State of
California law practitioner, he is also licensed to practice law in various Federal Courts
like the United States District Courts (Federal Courts) of Central, Eastern, and Southern
California.
18
Plenary Lecture I
Program and Course Maps: Aligning
the BS Biology Curriculum to
Outcomes-Based Education
CATHERINE GENEVIEVE
BARRETTO-LAGUNZAD
Member, Technical Committee for Biology and
Molecular Biology
Commission on Higher Education
Assistant Professor
Biology Department, Ateneo de Manila University
The Commission on Higher Education moved for the revision of the policies,
standards and guidelines (PSG) for the offering of all Bachelor of Science degree programs
to comply with CMO 46, series of 2012, which mandates the “shift to a learner-centered,
outcomes-based and competency-based education”. In the review of the BS Biology
Curriculum, program and course outcomes were clearly identified based on the core
competencies expected of graduates to serve as basis not only for deciding curricular
elements, but more importantly for enhancing quality assurance. Reasons for focusing on
quality assurance include the need to (1) produce a critical pool of qualified and technically
competent graduates for nation building and development and (2) harmonize the
qualifications of the graduates of our degree program with internationally-agreed upon
frameworks and mechanisms for the global practice of the profession.
With the expected full implementation of the master plan for the ASEAN
Economic Integration by the end of 2015, the ASEAN community, which includes the
Philippines, will have a single market and production base characterized by the free
movement not only of goods, investment and flow of capital, but also of services and skilled
labor. This will have tremendous impact on the mission, vision and program educational
objectives of higher education institutions (HEIs) that are expected to feed manpower to
meet the regional demand for services and skilled labor.
HEIs are encouraged to use curriculum map, which is a matrix of all courses and the
minimum set of program outcomes showing which outcome each course addresses, for
quality evaluation and monitoring. HEIs can formulate their curriculum and course maps
that are aligned with outcomes-based education to serve as their guide in producing
graduates who will possess the competencies required to succeed in this global village of
free trade and open market.
Dr. Catherine Genevieve Barretto-Lagunzad earned her BS, MS and Ph.D. from the University of the
Philippines Diliman. She teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in the Biology Department of the
Ateneo de Manila University. She also serves as faculty-in-charge and tutor in the UP Open University
(UPOU) and senior lecturer in the Institute of Biology of the University of the Philippines. Her research
interests include Biodiversity Conservation and Biology Education. She is a past-president of the Biology
Teachers Association of the Philippines (1999-2003); currently the Chairperson of the Board of Trustees of
the Philippine Federation for Environmental Concern (PFEC); serves with the Philippine Commission on
Higher Education as member of the Technical Panel for Biology and as Regional Quality Assessment Team
(RQAT) member; was the country representative to and now Executive Board Member of the Asian
Association for Biology Education and country representative for the past 6 years to the United Nations
Education for Sustainable Development. She is a textbook writer at Vibal Publishing House, Inc, having
authored high school and college textbooks, laboratory manuals and teacher’s guides in Biology and Botany.
She is also a columnist in a science magazine S&T Digest with SD Publications. Also, she is very active as inservice and pre-service teacher trainer of the Department of Education and the Science Education Institute
of the Department of Science and Technology.
19
Plenary Lecture II
The Biogeography of Southeast Asia
- Insights from a transdisciplinary
Approach
THOMAS VON RINTELEN
Researcher & Acting Curator (Mollusk Collection)
Museum fürNaturkunde Berlin, GERMANY
Southeast (SE) Asia has, together with
Amazonia, the most diverse terrestrial biota on our planet. In
contrast to continental Amazonia, megadiverse SE Asia is
largely insular in nature, comprising numerous archipelagos of
thousands of mostly smaller oceanic and larger continental islands. The fragmented nature
of SE Asia’s geography is mirrored in the distribution of its extant biota, which is
characterized by a high degree of regional and local endemism. At a broader scale, this is
exemplified by the four exceptionally rich biodiversity hotspots covering all of SE Asia:
namely Indo-Burma, Sundaland, Wallacea and the Philippines, which are under increasing
threat from alarmingly high rates of habitat loss and declining populations of threatened
species. For preserving SE Asian megadiversity, it will be crucial to understand hot it arose
in the first place. Given the complex geological history of the region, biotic evolution in SE
Asia cannot be understood without considering the region’s complex geological evolution.
Recent advances in both earth and life sciences have provided a much more robust
framework for understanding both the geological and biotic evolution of SE Asia. Refined
geological and tectonic models provide information on the timing and distribution of various
landmasses and islands. These underpin biological models on the distribution of key
habitats through time, informed by paleontological and palynological data and based on
interpretations of past climate. Recent phylogenetic studies on extant taxa can provide
molecular clock estimates of past diversification, vicariance and dispersal events across SE
Asia and, in combination with geological and other biological data, be used to identify key
areas for the origin and maintenance of biotic diversity regionally through time.
Dr. Thomas von Rintelen specializes on the origin and distribution of biodiversity, i.e. species, speciation and
biogeography. With his research team, they conduct studies on aquatic organisms, mainly several groups of
snails & shrimps, as well as terrestrial taxa including frogs and birds of paradise. In 2003, he earned his Ph.D.
at the Humboldt University Berlin with the topic: Phylogenetic analysis and systematic revision of a species
flock of viviparous freshwater gastropods in the ancient Malili lake system on Sulawesi, Indonesia - a model
case of adaptive radiation?, his MSc ("Diplom") in Biology at the Humboldt University Berlin (major subjects
zoology, ethology, botany) in 1998, an ERASMUS-course (European Union funded) “Systematic Biology” at
Bonn University in 1996 and his BSc ("Vordiplom") 09/1993 in Biology at the Humboldt University Berlin in
1993. Since 2014, he is the Acting curator of mollusc collection at the Museum für Naturkunde and
Researcher at the Museum für Naturkunde. From 2009-2013, he worked as Coordinator of DNA lab, curator
of DNA & tissue collection, and researcher at the Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Evolution
and Biodiversity Science. Among his current and past researches include Transcriptomics of the freshwater
snail Tylomelania; Biogeography of freshwater snails in the Indo-Australian Archipelago, and Taxonomy and
biogeography of microhylid frogs from Indonesian New Guinea (Papua). He also receive grants to study the
the lacustrine species flocks in the ancient lakes of Sulawesi (Indonesia), linking organismic diversification
and key environmental events, the genetic basis of a morphological key trait: radula genes and the adaptive
radiation of the freshwater snail Tylomelania, and Testing biogeographic hypotheses in Wallacea using
freshwater gastropods.
20
Plenary Lecture III
Japanese Biology Curriculum,
Textbook and Classroom Instruction
- Activation of Students’ ThinkingHIDEO IKEDA
Professor of Graduate School for International
Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University,
Higashi-Hiroshima, JAPAN
The Japanese K-12 national curriculum “Course
of Study,” as stipulated by the government is subject for
revision in every decade. In it, there are teaching contents
denoted only in every year level. Under this guideline, private publishing companies edit or
revise existing textbook to come up with new edition of textbooks, and such text books are
prescribed by the government for school usage. This system yields not only to qualify
textbook but also to compete private companies for selling, asking teachers’ opinion, and to
gather feedback for the improvement of the next edition.
In this presentation, one of primary science textbooks is selected for analysis,
which is based on some characteristics that are shown in writing style, sequence of science
ideas, and hands-on activities. In biology education, observation and experiment are very
much important, depending on the availability of the materials. Therefore, Japanese
science textbooks are prioritized; seasonal available; and properly sequenced teaching
contents. Every textbook company provides teacher’s manual enriched with appropriate
information, annual plan, material information and lesson plans etc.
I have been involved in JICA international cooperation in the Philippines,
Kenya, Zambia, Ghana, Bangladesh and Cambodia, from which I have visited and
observed science classrooms. Based on my Ph. D students’ field data of science
classrooms in Zambia, Ghana and Bangladesh, most of the teacher’s questions are
focusing only on checking learner’s content knowledge, and are very rare for activating
learner’s thinking. Teachers usually ask questions and expecting learner’s correct answer,
rather than checking students’ way of thinking, and sometimes neglecting why the learners
could not respond correctly.
In this presentation, we will discuss the methods for activating students’ thinking.
The best method may be to introduce project activities in every chapter of the book, but
there remain some problems such as: time consuming, limitation of equipment and
materials etc. To overcome these problems, I propose a method of asking questions to the
students with higher cognitive level in order to support their scientific ideas.
Prof. Hideo IKEDA finished his Bachelor of Science from Department of Biology, Faculty of
Science, Hiroshima University (1974), Master’s Degree in Science, Graduate School of Science,
Hiroshima University (1976) and Doctor of Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima
University (1986). From 1977 up to 2012, he was at Hiroshima University (Ministry of
Education, Sports and Culture, Japan) as Research Associate at the Faculty of Science, Science
Teacher at the Attached High School, Assistant Professor until he became Associate Professor
to Professor at the Faculty of Education. From 2008 to 2012, he was the Dean of the Graduate
\ School for International Development and Cooperation of Hiroshima University, Japan.
21
Plenary Lecture IV
The Critical Role of Assessment in
Student Learning
MARLENE B. FERIDO
Science Education Specialist V
National Institute for Science and Mathematics
Education Development (NISMED), University of the
Philippines Diliman
Curriculum, instruction, and assessment are
tightly intertwined. The presentation focuses on the role of
assessment in promoting student learning and improving instruction based on theory
research, and documented practices. Assessment provides an avenue for the teacher to
share learning objectives with students and directs the latter to track their progress. It is
through assessment that teachers give feedback that can be used by students to enhance
their learning. The quality and timeliness of feedback can help students deepen their
understanding. In a group work context, peers also provide feedback while engaging in and
coming up with a product or a performance. Feedback on student conceptual
understanding, performance, assignments, and long-term projects are some systematic
ways to embed assessment in teaching practices. A few principles of good assessment
practices as well as some accompanying examples will be shown in this presentation.
Teachers adjust instruction in response to the students’ learning needs as
indicated by assessment. It provides information to teachers about where students are
experiencing difficulties and where to focus or redirect their instruction. With respect to the
students, assessment gives them opportunities to show evidence of their thinking. The
daunting challenge teachers face is how to implement effective classroom assessment
practices that are truly aligned to the curriculum and that will objectively measure student
learning.
Dr. Marlene B. Ferido is a science education specialist and a member of the Chemistry Group of the
University of the Philippines National Institute for Science and Mathematics Education Development (UP
NISMED). She served as Deputy Director for Research and Extension of UP NISMED for six years and as
Deputy Director for Administration for three years. Dr. Ferido holds a Bachelor’s degree in Chemistry from
U.P. Diliman, an M.S. Agricultural Chemistry degree from U.P. Los Baños and a Ph.D Science Education (with
specialization in Chemistry) from U.P. Diliman. Before her stint at UP NISMED, she was a chemistry instructor
at the Department of Chemistry, U.P. Los Baños and subsequently an assistant professor at the Institute of
Chemistry, U.P. Diliman. She has coordinated a number of NISMED’s teacher training programs, as well as
research and curriculum-related projects that resulted in the production of teacher resource materials and
sourcebooks for teacher trainers and teachers in high school chemistry. She served as coordinator of
NISMED’s Technical Working Group tasked to develop the Science Curriculum Framework for Basic Education
and also the Curriculum Guide in Science for K to 10. She is one of the writers of the Grade 7 and Grade 8
Learner’s Modules and Teacher’s Guides in Science. She was one of the curriculum developers for Physical
Science for the Senior High School curriculum and for the Chemistry portion of the Grades 11 & 12 Senior
High School Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM) strand of the K to 12 curriculum. In
April 2013, Dr. Ferido was appointed as Program Leader for Curriculum of the Assessment, Curriculum, and
Technology Research Centre based at the UP College of Education, Diliman. This centre is a partnership
between the UP College of Education and the Assessment Research Centre of the University of Melbourne,
Australia. Dr. Ferido is also the recipient of the 2014 Gawad Chancellor Award for Natatanging REPS (or
Outstanding Research, Extension & Professional Staff) and the 2013 Philippine Federation of Chemistry
Societies (PFCS) Award for Chemistry Education. In February 2015, she was appointed by the Department of
Education to be a member of the sub-Technical Working Group on Classroom Assessment, one of the subTWGs involved in the implementation and institutionalization of an assessment system for the K to 12
program.
22
Plenary Lecture V
UP Institute of Biology Exploring
Philippine Plant Biodiversity for Drug
Discovery
SONIA D. JACINTO
Professor and Director,
Institute of Biology
From the very early days even prior to civilization,
humankind always turned to plants to cure their maladies. This is
still a practice observed among the tribes of indigenous peoples in our country. Even
animals seemingly know by instinct which plants to eat as cure for certain ailments.
However, there are very few studies by Filipino experts on Philippine native or endemic
plant species exploring their potential for drug development. In an attempt to address this
seeming oversight, teachers/researchers from the Institute of Biology in UP Diliman, as
groups or individual researchers, conduct studies to establish the potential of Philippine
plants as sources of drugs. In the institute plant extracts are tested for properties such as
neuroprotection, immunoregulation, antimicrobial, angiogenic, antiangiogenic, antioxidant,
antiteratogenic and anticancer. Indigenous peoples from different parts of the country have
for centuries been dependent on the forest. From them can be sourced anecdotal evidence
of medicinal properties of various plant species. Properly standardized and optimized
bioassay techniques used by our researchers over the years have provided valuable
scientific data that have validated a number of these anecdotal and folkloric therapeutic
properties. Bioactive extracts will provide leads toward purifying the active compounds that
can eventually be developed as potential drugs. Moreover, these studies give strong
support to calls for Philippine biodiversity conservation. . The annual extension programs of
the IB retools numerous tertiary and secondary school teachers on some of our bioassay
techniques which complement and strengthen science investigative projects and thesis
conducted in high school, colleges or universities.
Dr. Sonia Donaldo Jacinto is a Professor of the Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines, Diliman,
Quezon City. She earned a B.S. Biology (cum laude) from University of San Carlos, Cebu City in 1976. She
obtained her M.S. Biology in 1980 and Ph. D. Biology in 1995, both from the University of the Philippines at
Diliman. Her research interests include Developmental Biology, specifically on the development of
transformed tissues and Cell Biology, particularly on conducting cell and Enzyme Based Assays to Establish
Cancer Chemotherapeutic and/or Chemopreventive Properties Plant and Animal Extracts or Compounds. She
received numerous special training and scholarships including the Postdoctoral Training on Cell and Enzyme
Based Assays on Cancer Chemotherapeutic and Chemopreventive Properties of Plant Extracts/Compounds,
Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, U.S.A. and Training on
th
Radiation Safety, University of Illinois at Chicago in 2002. 24 AMBO International Training Course on
“Innovative Research Strategies for Tomorrow: Cell Adhesion, Recognition, Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress” in
2001), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, and Cell Biology and Biochemistry
Course – Open University in 1988. From a Research Assistant at the Natural Sciences Research Center, UP
Diliman in 1978, Dr. Jacinto went up to become a Senior Lecturer, Teaching Associate, Instructor, Assistant
Professor, Associate Professor, and finally as Professor in 2009. She is actively affiliated in various professional
organizations (e.g., Phi Sigma Biological Honors Society, Philippine Association for the Advancement of
Science, National Research Council of the Philippines, BIOTA (Biology Teachers Association of the
Philippines). She had published numerous papers in very refutable journals and received many awards,
including the Dr. Francisco Nemenzo Professorial Chair in 2001, UP Diliman Centennial Faculty Grant, UP
International Publication Award, and Gawad Chancellor Natatanging Guro for 2013.
23
Plenary Lecture VI
Drivers of Land Use Changes in Laguna Lake
Subwatersheds and their Impacts on
Terrestrial Environment, Biodiversity and
Ground Water Quality
DAMASA B. MAGCALE-MACANDOG
Professor, Institute of Biological Sciences,
The Laguna Lake watershed has been subjected to
environmental pressures from increasing population, urban sprawl,
deforestation, intense fisheries, and land use conversions. The major land use changes that
happened within the sub watersheds in the past four decades brought threats to the Laguna Lake
watershed. The forest areas of the subwatersheds of Sta. Rosa-Silang , Los Baños and PilaVictoria sub watershed were largely converted to commercial uses and agroforestry, subdivision
and agricultural uses, and agroforestry and vegetable production, respectively. The main drivers
of land use changes are population migration, food demand by the increasing population and the
need for income generation. These major land use changes in the subwatersheds resulted to (a)
domestic and industrial waste problems and increased runoff and sediment yield in Silang-Sta.
Rosa subwatershed; (b) high nitrate content of groundwater in Sta. Rosa City, Laguna; (c) land
slide and soil erosion in Los Bañossubwatershed; and (d) intensive use of fertilizer and pesticides
in Pila-Victoria subwatershed. Land use change and its management are the key drivers leading
to alterations in the terrestrial ecosystems affecting biodiversity at different scales. Across land
use type, tree species and wildlife diversity in Silang-Sta. Rosa subwatershed decreases in the
order of forest/riparian areas, agroforestry, idle/grassland and built-up areas. Conversion of land
cover into built up areas have decreased sharply plant diversity in the Silang-Sta. Rosa
subwatershed. Forest/riparian and agroforestry land uses have high similarity indexes.
Agroforestry system can provide high species diversity ecosystem function.Results of the
assessment of wildlife species in the Sta-Rosa-Silang subwatershed supports a limited number
of mammal species all of which can tolerate some degree of disturbances. Most of the recorded
birds inhabit open, cultivated, grassland areas and are associated with human habitation. Few
forest species and endemics were observed.The urbanization of Sta. Rosa in the last few
decades exerted cumulative stress to the area’s aquifer system. Land uses which characterize
the nature and scale of activities of human in the surface have strong influence on the quality of
the groundwater that flows in the aquifers below. Contamination of aquifers, particularly the
unconfined or shallow aquifers in the city, was identified as a major threat to the aquifer system.
Dr. Damasa B. Magcale-Macandog has 20 years of experience in conducting various researches related to agricultural,
biological, agroforestry, ecological, land use change, climate change, bioenergy, fisheries and biodiversity studies. These
various researches primarily aimed to improve productivity, sustain and conserve resources to attain food security;
management of natural resources to mitigate and adapt to climate change and global changes. She is currently
implementing several projects including studies on developing a model for fish kill early warning system; alternative
bioenergy to attain green growth and low carbon society; livelihoods vulnerabilities to typhoon associated hazards; online
biodiversity information system to facilitate research and development amidst climate change; and nutrient and water
dynamics, plant biodiversity and agricultural productivity of muyong (indigenous forest) and payoh (irrigated highland rice
terraces) systems in Ifugao agricultural productivity. Dr. Macandog earned a Doctor of Philosophy, Botany (Plant Ecology),
University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia, (1995); Master of Science, Soil Science (Soil Fertility/Soil Chemistry),
University of the Philippines at Los Baños, College, Laguna 4031, Philippines (1982), and Bachelor of Science, Agriculture (Soil
Science), University of the Philippines at Los Baños, College, Laguna 4031, Philippines (1979). She is currently Professor 11 of
the Institute of Biological Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna, Philippines. She published
numerous journal articles and book chapters. Among the many scholarships, honors, and awards she received include, to
name a few, 2015-2017 University of the Philippines Scientific Productivity Award (UP Scientist I), 2014 National Academy of
Science and Technology (NAST) Environmental Science Award. April 22, 2014; UPLB Centennial Professorial Chair, San
Miguel Corporation Professorial Chair, UPLB Outstanding Researcher Award, Metro Manila Commission Professorial Chair,
Philippines National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) Outstanding Young Scientist (OYS) Award in the field of
Botany in 1997, and Ford Foundation Fellowship.
24
Plenary Lecture VII
The 3Gs: Keys to Understanding
Philippine Biodiversity and Its
Conservation
PERRY S. ONG
Professor
Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Institute of Biology,
The Philippines is the smallest country in the world that is a megadiversity country and
a biodiversity hotspot as well as one of the most disaster prone countries in the world. The 3Gs
(Geology, Geography and Geomorphology) are factors that are the main determinants of these
two states (megadiversity and disaster), while human activities are mainly responsible for the
third state (biodiversity hotspot). Understanding the 3Gs and their consequences can provide a
better context by which conservation actions can and must be taken by Philippine Society if it is to
survive this era of global environmental change.
Dr. Perry S. Ong is a Professor of Wildlife Biology and former director (2006-2012) of the Institute of Biology,
University of the Philippines Diliman (UP BIOLOGY). In the past 30 years, he devoted himself to biodiversity
conservation research and advocacy, which ultimately contributed to the mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation
into the country’s consciousness. Working with the then Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau of Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (PAWB-DENR) and currently the Biodiversity Management Bureau (BMB-PAWB),
he was instrumental in the second iteration of the Philippines’ National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP),
which led to the publication of the Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities which fine-tuned the country’s 1st
NBSAP. His current research interests include long term ecological research (particularly in understanding tropical
forest dynamics) for forest restoration, biology of selected flagship species of Philippine biodiversity (e.g., Philippine
Eagles, Tarsiers, Flying Foxes, Pangolins, Rafflesias, Philippine Ducks, etc.) including establishing a reference collection
of DNA barcodes of Philippine biodiversity, wildlife forensics, among others. He had published more than 50 articles
on various aspects of biodiversity conservation since 1987. His broad Civil Society Organization experience extends
from being the former President of the Wildlife Conservation Society of the Philippines (2006-2010); former chair of
the Philippine Federation for Environmental Concern (2000-2009) and of the Earth’s Rights, People’s Rights (20052007). He is one of a few individuals who was elected as a member of the board of trustees of the three leading
grant-making conservation organizations: vice chair of the Foundation for the Philippine Environment (FPE), vice
chair of the National Steering Committee (NSC) of the UNDP GEF Small Grants Program (SGP), and treasurer of the
Philippine Tropical Forest Conservation Foundation (PTFCF). He was elected the Chair of the Philippine Long-term
Ecological Research Network (PhiLTERnet) and Diversitas in February 2011. From 2004-2006, he was the chair of the
Joint Program Committee (JPC) of the Philippine-Netherlands Biodiversity Research for Development Programme on
Mt. Malindang and Its Environs and oversaw its implementation which led to the capability building of Mindanao
researchers as well as development of research protocols in doing biodiversity research with local communities. He
was appointed as the NGO representative to the National Renewable Energy Board (NREB) of the Philippine
Department of Energy (DOE) last September 2013. In recognition of his scientific productivity and contributions to
biodiversity research and conservation, he had been appointed as University Scientist III by University of the
Philippines for two consecutive terms (2012-2014; 2015-2017), one of the few to be accorded such honor. He was
awarded the Agham Congressional Medal of Excellence in Research and Development in Wildlife Biology by the
Philippine House of Representatives in 2011. Other awards include: UP Diliman’s 2009 Natatanging Guro Gawad
Chancellor Awardees (Most Outstanding Teacher Award); UP Alumni Association’s 2008 Centennial Outstanding
Alumni for Environment Conservation and Sustainable Development; the 2004 Hugh Greenwood Awardee for
Environment Science by the National Academy for Science and Technology (NAST); the 2000 Ten Outstanding Young
Men (TOYM) Awardee for Environment Conservation; the 2000 Outstanding Young Scientist (OYS) for Behavioral
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology. In 2008 and 2009, he was elected a member of the Phi Sigma Biological Honor
Society and of the Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society, respectively. Dr. Ong is one of a handful of scientists able to combine
science, policy work and working with various sectors of Philippine society as well as with the international
community to undertake biodiversity conservation work in the country.
25
Plenary Lecture VIII
Ebola Virus Disease – Readiness,
Response and Reflections
JUN RYAN C. ORBINA
Laboratory Manager, Molecular Biology Laboratory
Head, Communication and Engagement Office
Research Institute for Tropical Medicine
Department of Health
On August 8, 2014, the World Health Organization
declared the Ebola Outbreak in West Africa as a Public
Health Emergency of International Concern. This prompted our country to further
strengthen our preparedness and response against Ebola Virus Disease (EVD). The talk
will provide updates on EVD and will feature an insider look on how the Research Institute
for Tropical Medicine – Department of Health takes on its role as the National Referral
Center and National Reference Laboratory for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious
Diseases.
Past experiences with outbreaks such as the SARS Coronavirus in 2003, the pandemic
Influenza A H1N1 in 2009, the continuing threat of avian influenza and more recently, the
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome – Coronavirus have provided valuable lessons in
preparing for impending threats of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. RITM
has increasingly learned the importance of building its capacity, the transfer of knowledge
and technology to other health institutions, and for inter-agency collaboration for a more
efficient public health response.
Reflections will also be shared from a viewpoint of a laboratory responder on how our
country can raise future infectious disease experts for immediate response to and research
on emerging infectious diseases.
Mr. Jun Ryan C. Orbina holds two Master’s degrees: Master of Science Communication from the national Centre for
Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University and Master of Science in Public Health – Major in Medical
Microbiology from the College of Public Health, University of the Philippines – Manila. He earned his Bachelor of
Science in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology from the National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology,
University of the Philippines – Diliman. Mr. Orbina is the Head of the Communication and Engagement Office and
Laboratory Manager of the Molecular Biology Laboratory at the Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM) of
the Department of Health is the national research and surveillance arm, reference laboratory and vaccine and
biological production agency for infectious and tropical diseases in the Philippines. Among his numerous
achievements include the communication support and event branding to key Department of Health events such as
the National Ebola Summit (October 2014) and the Ebola Training Series (October 2014 to January 2015), leading the
RITM into achieving 100% proficiency in 13 panels of Influenza molecular diagnosis administered by the World Health
Organization, and managing the country’s referral laboratory in rapid response to public health infectious disease
emergencies such as the Avian Influenza, the Pandemic Influenza H1N1 2009, Middle East Respiratory syndrome –
Coronavirus and Ebola Virus. Among the prestigious awards he received include the Global Leaders for Innovation
and Knowledge Program form the Japan-America Institute of Management Sciences (JAIMS) and the Fujitsu – JAIMS
Foundation, and the Australian Leadership Award from the Australian AID, through the Australian National
University.
26
Plenary Lecture IX
The Interplay of Instruction and
Research in the Changing Landscape
of Biology Education
GRECEBIO JONATHAN D. ALEJANDRO
Professor, College of Science,
Director, Office for Graduate Research, Faculty of the
Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas
The field of Biology is in the state of transition to meet the ever-challenging
issues and trends in education and the society viz the demand for broadly educated and
integrative biology professionals runs parallel to increasing need for biology-literate
Filipinos; the creative shift from teacher-centered to learner-centered instruction requires
educators to be more sensitive, research-driven and proactive stewards of learning.
The Philippine Commission on Higher Education (CHED) has already taken the
lead in spearheading quality assurance in education through the promotion of outcomebased teaching and learning (OBTL) and typological-based Quality Assurance as stipulated
in the CMO No. 46 series of 2012. To achieve the requirements of such initiative, research
plays a critical role in bridging the needs of the industrial sector and institutions of higher
learning. Primarily, faculty members must be committed to this paradigmatic shifts and
provide relevant research experiences that will transform Biology students as critical
thinkers.
This session will highlight current industry standards intertwined to the research
and instructional practices in the field of Biology, and other commendable approaches to
meet such standards. The research products of the Thomasian Angiosperm Phylogeny and
Barcoding Group (TAPBG) shall be presented to serve as a concrete example for
evidenced-based Biology instruction.
Dr. Grecebio Jonathan D. Alejandro is a Full Professor at the College of Science and currently the Director of the
Office for Graduate Research, Faculty of the Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas (UST). He finished his M.Sc.
in Biological Science at the University of Santo Tomas, Magna Cum Laude in 1999 and doctoral degree (Dr.rer.nat) in
Plant Molecular Systematics and Evolution from the University of Bayreuth, Bavaria, Germany, Magna Cumlaude in
2005 through the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD) Doctoral Fellowship. Dr. Alejandro further
strengthened his research endeavor when he was awarded the prestigious European fellowship, the Alexander von
Humboldt (AvH) Postdoctoral Fellowship for two years(2009-2010). During his Humboldt fellowship, he was a visiting
scientist in the Natural Museum of Stuttgart, Germany; Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; University of
Bayreuth, Germany; and Stockholm University, Sweden. A Humboldt Return Fellowship was also awarded in 2011 to
continue his research works back in the Philippines. Dr. Alejandro is recognized for his pioneering research on Plant
Molecular Phylogenetics in the Philippines and discovery of novel genera and several new endemic species in
Rubiaceae (coffee family) such as the Mussaenda ustii Alejandro in honor of UST. He established the Thomasian
Angiosperm Phylogeny and Barcoding Group (TAPBG) in the UST - Research Center for the Natural and Applied
Sciences. It puts special focus on systematics and taxonomy, molecular phylogenetics, biodiversity, DNA barcoding of
medicinal plants and studies on the phytochemistry and biological potentials of endemic Philippine plants. The
TAPBG has been a major research force when it comes to documenting the rich biodiversity of Philippine Rubiaceae
and medicinal plants as well as the preservation and conservation of endemic plants. He has supervised three
doctoral, 10 master’s and more than 40 bachelor’s theses from 2006-2013. He is currently mentoring four Ph.D., six
M.S. and 12 undergraduate thesis writers. Dr. Alejandro has presented over 30 papers in international fora and over
100 papers in local scientific meetings either as lectures and/or posters. As a testament to his incomparable scientific
accomplishments, the TAPBG has been cited/awarded in a number of scientific fora as Best Lecture, Best Poster,
Winners of Young Scientists Forum in national and international conferences. To date, Dr. Alejandro has published
more than 50 articles in national and international ISI journals. In the recent DOST – National Science & Technology
Week (NSTW) last July 2014, he was awarded by the National Academy of Science and Technology, Philippines (NAST
Phl) the 2014 OUTSTANDING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AWARD for Basic Research with the Eduardo A.
Quisumbing Medal.
27
Plenary Lecture X
Engaging Digital Learners
in the 21st Science Classroom
ANA CHERYLLE RAMOS
Associate Professor and Director, Education Technology Center,
University Santo Tomas
Today’s digital-age learners need teachers who can re-envision the role of technology in
the classroom. Harnessing the power of 21st century tools by simply adding technology in
the classroom is not sufficient anymore to engage digital learners who now expect more
interactive, web-connected and learner-centered instruction. Science classrooms in
the 21 st century will continue to undergo a rapid transformation into new learning
environments that are highly flexible, configurable and collaborative to
accommodate a variety of active and emerging instructional models such as
Flipped Classroom, BYOD, Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud -based connected
learning environments. This talk will look into the changing landscape of the
current and emerging digital trends in education both in scope and breadth geared
towards celebrating just-in-time and the on-the-go learning.
A/Prof. Anna Cherylle Ramos has been in the field of instructional technology for two decades in various
capacities and appointments. She is a certified eLearning Specialist through a scholarship granted by the
Federal Government of Germany and Global Campus 21 e-Academy - Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ). She is also a private consultant and trainer, working and sharing her
expertise in instructional technology, teacher-training consultancy groups and technology-based initiatives
of Philippine schools formerly under the IBM Philippines-EduQuest-SM Foundation educational
partnerships and Intel Technology Philippines. She has been with the University of Santo Tomas – Graduate
School since 2005 as an Associate Professorial Lecturer for the Educational Media and Technology Classes.
In a concurrent appointment, she served as the Instructional Designer of the UST Educational Technology
Center in the production of instructional multimedia projects. At present, she is appointed as the Director
of the UST Educational Technology Center in the production of multimedia instructional materials, online
courses, digital broadcasting and in the management of elearning implementation across colleges. In this
capacity, she has major responsibilities for enhancing the professional development of faculty members
and teaching staff in the appropriate use of technology, designing elearning content with the aim of
enhancing student learning in a holistic approach and supervising the implementation of UST’s Certificate
Program in Educational Technology. In 2012, she spearheaded the Rapid eLearning Course Development
Program, a teacher-training for elearning practitioners which earned the Philippines the 2014 Blackboard
Catalyst Award Winner for Staff Development during the Blackboard World 2014 in Las Vegas, Nevada. The
project was also recognized by the Blackboard Asia Pacific Region as the first Asian country entry to have
won in the prestigious competition and likewise awarded during the Teaching & Learning Asia Conference
2014 in Singapore. On the side she still very much in touched with her content of expertise in biology and
environmental science. She has written Biology: Exploring Life through Science, a biology book and
laboratory manual for secondary education, Investigatory Project Manual for Secondary Schools and
currently writing a series of science books for the K+12 science curriculum under Phoenix Publishing House.
She is a recipient of the Asian Alliance of Appropriate Technology Practitioners (APPROTECH-ASIA) award
for environmental protection and management and a grand finalist in the 1992 National Search for the
Outstanding Young Science Researchers by the Department of Science and Technology – Science Education
Institute (DOST-SEI). She is also an awardee of the Best Workshop Presenter (2007) and Best Lecturer in
Pedagogy (2012) awards given by the Biology Teacher’s Association of the Philippines.
28
Plenary Lecture XI
Tools for Rapid Assessment and
Visualization of Coral Reefs
MARICOR N. SORIANO
Professor, National Institute of Physics,
Current methods for surveying coral reefs are labor intensive, tedious and prone to
observer bias. In this talk I will discuss the diverless tools we developed under the
"Automated Rapid Reef Assessment System" (ARRAS) Program, a three-year DOSTfunded research project involving marine scientists, mechanical engineers, computer
scientists, and physicists. The most technologically mature tool is Teardrop a system for
rapidly taking underwater video of corals, stitching the video into image strips and
geotagging each strip such that they can be viewed in their approximate location in Google
Earth. Teardrop has been demonstrated, deployed and donated in 28 sites around the
Philippines. I also report about Kite Aerial Photography for taking images of shallow coral
reefs and how it was used for damage assessment in the grounding incidents in Tubbataha
Reef Natural Park. Finally, I discuss on-going research on creating more advanced tools for
coral reef visualization.
Dr. Maricor Soriano is professor of physics at the University of the Philippines who
specializes in developing tools and algorithms for video and image processing. Her
work spans multidisciplinary domains such as marine ecology imaging, cultural
heritage conservation, video analysis of sports, and medical imaging. She was
Outstanding Young Scientist in 2006, Third World Academy of Science Physics Prize
recipient in 2009, and one of The Outstanding Women in the Nation's Service
(TOWNS) awardee in 2013.
At present, Dr. Soriano is the Program Coordinator of the Instrumentation Physics
Laboratory of the National Institute of Physics, UP Diliman. She also served as the
Editor-In-Chief of Science Diliman from 2007 to June 2011. Since 2005, she also a
member of the Technical Panel on Photonics PCASTRD (now PCIEERD) and from
2010 to 2014 as Technical Panel in Physics Higher Education of CHED. She was a
Post-doctoral Researcher of the Machine Vision & Media Processing Group of the
University of Oulu, Finland.
She had written more than 20 ISI journal articles and book chapters and presented in
numerous international conferences. She is currently part of multi-million projects such
as the Coral Reef Assessment and Visualization Advanced Tools (CRAVAT),
Department of Science and Technology-Grants-In-Aid (2014-2016), Coral Reef
Visualization and Assessment (CoRVA) Project 1- ARRAS Teardrop Visualization,
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (2014-2017), and was involved in
the Automated Rapid Reef Assessment System, DOST-GIA (2010-2013).
29
Programme of Activities
April 8, 2015 (Wednesday)

3:00-6:00 PM: Advanced On-site Registration
(Science Education Complex A (SEC-A) Lobby)
Pre-registered participants are also encouraged to claim their convention materials (name tags,
convention bag, and program) at this time.
April 9, 2015 (Thursday)
7:00
A.M.
Registration and Ingress (Science Education Complex A (SEC-A) Lobby)
OPENING CEREMONIES (8:30A.M. – 10:00 A.M., Escaler Hall)
8:30
A.M.
Doxology
and Ecumenical Prayer
VoiceBOx
Entrance of Colors
ADMU BIOTA Chapter
BIOTA Chapter Presidents, BIOTA National
Governing Board, ADMU Officials, and Special
Guests
VoiceBOx
VoiceBOx
Processional of Officials
and Special Guests
Philippine National Anthem
BIOTA Hymn
Hon. Mayor Herbert Constantine M. Bautista
Mayor, Quezon City
Dr. John Paul C. Vergara
Vice President, ADMU Loyola Schools
8:45
A.M.
WELCOME ADDRESS
Dr. Evangeline P. Bautista
Dean, ADMU School of Science and
Engineering
Dr. Merab A. Chan
Chair, ADMU Department of Biology
Dr. Jessamyn Marie O. Yazon
Opening Remarks and
Presentation of Delegates
9:00
A.M.
Intermission Number: BeatBOx
Dr. Edna A. Amparado
Vice-President, BIOTA Philippines
BUILDING BLOCK FOR A BETTER FUTURE
FOR THE FILIPINO
Introduction of Keynote
Speaker
9:10
A.M.
KEYNOTE ADDRESS
ATTY. TONISITO M.C. UMALI
9:40
A.M.
Awarding of Certificate/ Plaque
of Appreciation
Atty. Tonisito M.C. Umali
Dr. John Paul C. Vergara
Vice President, ADMU Loyola Schools
GROUP PICTURE TAKING
9:45
A.M.
Dr. Evangeline P. Bautista
Dean, ADMU School of Science and
Engineering
RIBBON CUTTING
CEREMONY
OPENING/VIEWING OF
POSTERS AND
COMMERCIAL EXHIBITS
Dr. Merab A. Chan
President, BIOTA ADMU Chapter
Prof. Rosie S. Madulid
Ex-officio, BIOTA Philippines
30
10:15A.M.
POSTER PRESENTATIONS & VIEWING OF COMMERCIAL EXHIBITS
(Distribution of Snacks & Continuation of Registration)
Introduction of Plenary Speaker
11:20
A.M.
11:50
A.M.
11:55
A.M.
DR. CATHERINE GENEVIEVE B.
LAGUNZAD
Member, Technical Committee for Biology
and Molecular Biology, Commission on
Higher Education & Assistant Professor,
Biology Department, Ateneo de Manila
University
PLENARY SESSION I
Ms. Maria Katrina C. Constantino
Treasurer, BIOTA ADMU Chapter
Dr. Merab A. Chan
Announcements
Convention Chair
Master of Ceremonies: Mr. Ronald Allan Cruz, PRO, BIOTA ADMU Chapter
OPEN FORUM
12:00
P.M.
LUNCH BREAK (2F Gonzaga Hall)
Viewing of Posters and Commercial Exhibits
1:00
P.M.
PLENARY SESSION II
2:30
P.M.
2:40
P.M.
DR. THOMAS VON RINTELEN
Researcher & Acting Curator (Mollusc
collection)
Museum fürNaturkunde, Berlin, Germany
Dr. Benilda Z. Narcelles
Board member, BIOTA Philippines
JAPANESE BIOLOGY CURRICULUM,
TEXTBOOK AND CLASSROOM
INSTRUCTION: ACTIVATION OF
STUDENTS’ THINKING
PLENARY SESSION III
2:00
P.M.
Dr. Michael A. Clores
PRO, BIOTA Philippines
THE BIOGEOGRAPHY OF SOUTHEAST
ASIA – INSIGHTS FROM A
TRANSDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
1:30
P.M.
Prof. Genersol G. Monton
Auditor, BIOTA Philippines
PROGRAM & COURSE MAPS: ALIGNING
THE BS BIOLOGY CURRICULUM TO
OUTCOMES-BASED EDUCATION
DR. HIDEO IKEDA
Professor, Graduate School for International
Development and Cooperation
Hiroshima University, Japan
Ms. Maria Elena D. Pinlac
Asst. Secretary, BIOTA Philippines
THE CRITICAL ROLE OF ASSESSMENT IN
STUDENT LEARNING
DR. MARLENE B. FERIDO
Science Education Specialist, National
Institute for Science and Mathematics
Education Development (NISMED), UP
Diliman
Dr. Neil H. Tan Gana
Member, BIOTA ADMU Chapter
Dr. Merab A. Chan
Convention Chair
PLENARY SESSION IV
OPEN FORUM
Announcements
31
2:45
P.M.
S N A C K S
CONCURRENT LECTURE-SEMINARS (3:00 – 5:30 P.M.)
(Venue: SOSE, SEC A Lecture Rooms)
3:00
P.M.
3:30
P.M.
4:00
P.M.
4:30
P.M.
5:00
P.M.
Lecture Seminar I
Lecture Seminar II
Lecture Seminar III
Lecture Seminar IV
Lecture Seminar V
FELLOWSHIP NIGHT
(Leong Hall Roof Deck)
6:30 –
8:30
P.M.
Guest of Honor: HON. HERBERT CONSTANTINE M. BAUTISTA
Mayor, Quezon City
Emcees: Mr. Ronald Allan Cruz and Ms. Ma. Katrina Constantino
BIOTA ADMU Chapter Officers
with the BIOTA Bicol Chapter
April 10, 2015 (Friday)
7:30
A.M.
8:00
A.M.
Registration & Viewing of Exhibits
Product Presentations/Commercial Exhibits
PLENARY SESSIONS (8:30 – 10:00 A.M.)
Ms. Donna Salve Cornes
U.P. INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY EXPLORING
PHILIPPINE PLANT BIODIVERSITY FOR
DRUG DISCOVERY
Introduction of Plenary
Speaker
8:30
A.M.
PLENARY SESSION V
PLENARY SESSION VI
DR. SONIA D. JACINTO
Director, Institute of Biology, University of the
Philippines Diliman
Dr. Glorina P. Orozco
Secretary, BIOTA Philippines
DRIVERS OF LAND USE CHANGES IN
LAGUNA LAKE SUBWATERSHEDS AND
THEIR IMPACTS ON TERRESTRIAL
ENVIRONMENT, BIODIVERSITY AND
GROUND WATER QUALITY
Speaker
DR. DAMASA M. MACANDOG
Professor, Institute of Biological Sciences, U.P.
Los Baños
Dr. Merab A. Chan
President, BIOTA ADMU Chapter
Speaker
9:00
A.M.
9:30
A.M.
32
THE 3Gs: KEYS TO UNDERSTANDING
PHILIPPINE BIODIVERSITY AND ITS
CONSERVATION
PLENARY SESSION VII
10:00
A.M.
DR. PERRY S. ONG
Professor, Institute of Biology, U.P. Diliman
Dr. Crisanto M. Lopez
OPEN FORUM
Master of Ceremonies: Dr. Arni G. Gilbuena, Auditor, BIOTA ADMU Chapter
10:15
A.M.
SN ACKS
BUSINESS MEETING
(10:30 A.M.-12:15 P.M., Escaler Hall)
Prof. Rosalinda Mercedes E. Castillo
Treasurer’s Report
Treasurer, BIOTA Philippines
Dr. Edna A. Amparado
Resolutions/ Amendments
Vice President, BIOTA Philippines
Moderator: Dr. Glorina P. Orozco
Secretary, BIOTA Philippines
President’s Report
10:30
A.M.
ELECTION OF OFFICERS and BOARD OF DIRECTORS SY 2015-2017
11:30
A.M.
12:15
P.M.
Comelec Chairs: Dr. Crescencia C. Joaquin and Dr. Virginia S. Cariño;
Prof. Rosie S. Madulid
Former Presidents, BIOTA Philippines
LUNCH BREAK
Viewing of Posters and Commercial Exhibits
CONCURRENT WORKSHOP SESSIONS & LECTURE-SEMINARS
(1:30 – 6:15 P.M.)
(Venues: SEC B Classrooms and Laboratories)
1:30
PM
Workshop I
Lecture-Seminar VI
Lecture- Seminar VII
Lecture-Seminar VIII
Lecture-Seminar IX
Lecture-Seminar X
Lecture- Seminar XI
Lecture-Seminar XII
Lecture-Seminar XIII
Workshop II
Workshop III
Workshop IV
April 11, 2015 (Saturday)
8:15
A.M.
Product Presentations/Commercial Exhibits
8:30
A.M.
33
Mr. Jayson G. Chavez
Board Member, BIOTA Philippines
EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE – READINESS,
RESPONSE AND REFLECTIONS
PLENARY SESSION VIII
THE INTERPLAY OF INSTRUCTION AND
RESEARCH IN THE CHANGING
LANDSCAPE OF BIOLOGY EDUCATION
9:00
A.M.
PLENARY SESSION IX
9:30
A.M.
10:00
A.M.
MR. JUN RYAN C. ORBINA
Head, Communication and Engagement
Office; Laboratory Manager, Molecular
Biology Laboratory, DOH- Research
Institute for Tropical Medicine
Ms. Lyn D. Paraguison
DR. GRECEBIO JONATHAN D.
ALEJANDRO
Professor, Dept. of Biological Sciences
Ms. Pia Clarisse N. Gulpeo
OPEN FORUM
SNACK S
ENGAGING DIGITAL LEARNERS IN THE
ST
21 SCIENCE CLASSROOM
10:30
A.M.
PLENARY SESSION X
A/Prof. ANNA CHERYLLE RAMOS
Director, Education Technology Center,
11:00
A.M.
PLENARY SESSION XI
11:30
A.M.
OPEN FORUM
11:40
AM
Announcements
11:45
A.M.
A/Prof. Josefino R. Castillo
Dr. Ma. Josefa R. Pante
TOOLS FOR RAPID ASSESSMENT AND
VISUALIZATION OF CORAL REEFS
DR. MARICOR N. SORIANO
Professor, National Institute of Physics
Mr. Ronald Allan L. Cruz
PRO, BIOTA ADMU Chapter
Dr. Merab A. Chan
Convention Chair
LUNCH BREAK
Viewing of Poster and Commercial Exhibits
Luncheon Meeting of Chapter Presidents / Representatives
with BIOTA Philippines President and Officers
(2F Gonzaga Hall)
1:30-4:00 P.M.: ADMU Eco-Tour
CLOSING AND AWARDING CEREMONY
(Leong Hall Roof Deck)
5:00
P.M.
Special Guest: FR. JOSE RAMON T. VILLARIN SJ
President, Ateneo de Manila University
Emcees: A/Prof. Josefino R. Castillo & Prof. Rosalinda Mercedes E. Castillo
Board Member & Treasurer, BIOTA Philippines
7:00
P.M.
Distribution of Certificates
Egress and Home Sweet Home
34
CONCURRENT SEMINAR LECTURES [April 9] (BIOLOGY RESEARCH)
Time \
Venue
SEC A 205
Moderator:
DR. VIVIAN PANES
[1 ] ANGIOTENSIN ICONVERTING ENZYMEINHIBITING AND
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE
PROPERTIES OF
FRACTIONS FROM
Diospyros ebenaster IN
SPONTANEOUSLY
HYPERTENSIVE RATS
Castillo, Ramos
SEC A 208
Moderator:
DR. JOSEF SOLER
[6] HEPATOPROTECTIVE
PROPERTY OF Canarium
ovatum (PILI) LEAF
EXTRACT ON
PARACETAMOL-INDUCED
LIVER DAMAGE
Bolo, Lu, Serrano-Renegado,
Salvadora
SEC A 209
Moderator:
MS. KEN LACHICA
[11 ]STUDY ON THE
EFFECTS OF ALCOHOLIC
BEVERAGES ON THE
HEART RATE OF DAPHNIA
(Daphnia magna)
Paradela, Celdran, Canalita,
Tarranza
SEC A 210
Moderator:
MS. PIA GULPEO
[16] GEOMETRICMORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS
DESCRIBING
MORPHOLOGICAL
INTEGRATION AND
MODULARITY IN THE
SHELL OF Strombus
canarium
Bagaloyos
SEC A 214
Moderator:
DR. CRISANTO LOPEZ
[21] EVALUATION OF
THREE CANDIDATE DNA
BARCODING LOCI IN
SELECTED Ficus L.
(MORACEAE)
Olivar, Brillantes, Rubite,
Alejandro
SEC A 215
Moderator:
MR. ZOMESH MAINI
[26] CANCER RESEARCH IN
THE PHILIPPINES: IMPACT
ON CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
Enriquez
3:30-4:00
[2] IDENTIFICATION OF
BACTERIA AND FUNGI
FROM LOCALLY AVAILABLE
FERMENTED RICE-FISH
AND ASSESSMENT OF
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES
OF ISOLATED Monascus
SPECIES
Abdulmajid, dela Cruz
[7] ANTIOXIDANT
PROPERTIES OF Syzygium
cumini (DUHAT) AND
Spondias purpure
(SINEGUELAS)
Suba, Begnot, Goce, Mergal,
Tabangay,
[12] RESPONSE SURFACE
ANALYSIS OF PELLET
FORMATION AS A
FUNCTION OF MEDIUM
COMPONENT
CONCENTRATIONS
Gilbuena
[17] A NEW COMBINATION
IN Pyrostria comm. ex Jussieu
AND NOVEL VARIETY OF
Uncaria Schred. FROM MT.
NATIB, BATAAN WITH
IMPLICATIONS ON ITS
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
Panaligan, Hizon, Lopez,
Nucom, Alejandro
[22] PHYLOGENY AND DNA
BARCODING OF PHILIPPINE
Lasianthus JACK
(LASIANTHEAE:
RUBIACEAE) INCLUDING A
NOVEL SPECIES AND NEW
RECORDS
Arshed, Alejandro
[27] DRUG-INDUCED
APOPTOSIS IN Plasmodium
falciparum
Enrico, Lazaro and Del
Rosario
4:00-4:30
[3] DNA BARCODING OF
PHILIPPINE MEDICINAL
PLANTS AND
ESTABLISHMENT OF DNA
BARCODING DATABASE
Cabelin, Alejandro
[8] THE ANTIMICROBIAL
EFFECT OF CLOSED
PITCHER FLUIDS OF
Nepenthes ultra
(NEPENTHACEAE)
Ordas, Palma, Reyes, Yu,
Bahrami-Hessari, Pavia
[18] MACROFUNGAL
DIVERSITY AND DNA
BARCODING OF SOME
MEDICINAL MACROSCOPIC
FUNGI IN MTS.
PALAYPALAY- MATAAS NA
GULOD PROTECTED
LANDSCAPE, SOUTHERN
LUZON, PHILIPPINES
Arenas, Tadiosa, Alejandro,
Reyes
[23] MOLECULAR
PHYLOGENY OF
PHILIPPINE Gynochthodes
BLUME AND Morinda L.
(RUBIACEAE) INCLUDING
FOUR NOVELTIES IN THE
TRIBE MORINDEAE
Venturina, Alejandro
[28] FEASIBILITY OF
BROWN SUGAR AND
YEAST SOLUTION AS A
POTENTIAL ORGANIC
MOSQUITO TRAP (OMT)
Liwanag, Valdez, Tansengco
4:30-5:00
[4] GEOMETRIC
MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS
OF Brontispa longissima
(Gestro) COLLECTED IN
SELECTED PROVINCES IN
THE PHILIPPINES
Acevedo
[9] PHYTOCHEMICAL
SCREENING AND
ANTIBACTERIAL
PROPERTY OF Mikania
cordata (BURM. F.) B. L.
ROB. LEAF EXTRACT
Arrieta
[19] A SURVEY OF ANT
POPULATION IN AN
ANTHROPOGENICDISTURBED AREA: FAR
EASTERN UNIVERSITY
Pag-ong, Chavez
[24] SYSTEMATICS OF THE
PHILIPPINE ENDEMIC Ixora
L. (RUBIACEAE, IXOREAE)
Banag, Alejandro, Meve,
Liede-Schumann
5:00-5:30
[5] A NEW SPECIES OF
Rubovietnamia AND
MOLECULAR
CONFIRMATION OF THE
PHILIPPINE ENDEMIC
Mycetia apoensis
(RUBIACEAE)
Villanueva, Callanta, Neptuno,
Verin, Alejandro
[11] CYTOGENETIC
SCREENING OF
CHEMICALS FROM WATER
LEACHATE OF PLASTIC
SLIPPERS USING ALLIUM
TEST
Tiu
[13] DIETARY SPIRULINA
Spirulina platensis (Gomont)
Geitler, 1925 REPLACEMENT
ENHANCES
PERFORMANCE OF PONDAND TANK-REARED
JUVENILE NILE TILAPIA
Oreochromis niloticus
Linnaeus, 1758
Velasquez, Maliwat, Chan,
Robil, Abisado, Traifalgar,
Tayamen, Ragasa
[14]THE EFFECT OF THE
DIFFERENT
CONCENTRATIONS OF
MANGANESE (II) SULPHATE
AND SILVER NITRATE TO
BIOLUMINESCENT
BACTERIA FROM
Leiognathus equulus
Larman, Molina
[15] SELECTED HERBAL
PLANT EXTRACTS AS
ANGIOGENESIS
INHIBITORS USING CHICK
CHORIOALLANTOIC
MEMBRANE (CAM) ASSAY
Salas, Totaan
[20] A SURVEY OF A SEMINATURAL GRASSLAND
ECOSYSTEM IN LA
RESIDENCIA DE STA ROSA,
LAGUNA
Nisperos, Pag-ong, Orozco
[25] MOLECULAR
PHYLOGENY AND
BARCODING OF THE
PHILIPPINE Mycetia REINW.
(RUBIACEAE) INFERRED
FROM MULTIPLE
SEQUENCE DATA
Bajan, Alejandro
[29] THE ENCYRTID
Comperiella SP.: AN
UNTOLD STORY OF
NATURAL BIOLOGICAL
CONTROL AGAINST THE
“COCOLISAP” IN
SOUTHERN LUZON
Almarinez, Amalin,
Carandang
[30] Antidesma bunius
(BIGNAY) FRUIT EXTRACT
AS AN ORGANIC PESTICIDE
AGAINST Epilachna spp.
Giron, Belmi, Tansengco
3:00-3:30
CONCURRENT SEMINAR LECTURES [April 10] (PEDAGOGICAL & BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH)
Time \
Venue
SEC A 214
Moderator:
MS. KEN LACHICA
[1] MENTAL MODELS OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS: A
BASIS FOR CURRICULAR ENHANCEMENT IN SCIENCE
TEACHING
Capulong
SEC A 215
Moderator:
MR. RON CRUZ
[10] CREATIVE WRITING: NEWSPAPER WRITING AS AN
ALTERNATIVE TOOL IN ASSESSING THE GRADE 8
STUDENTS OF DLSU INTEGRATED SCHOOL IN
UNDERSTANDING HUMAN ANATOMY
Acierto
2:00-2:30
[2] PUNTO BY PUNTO! DEVELOPING A CLASSROOMBASED SCIENCE EDITORIAL TO TEACH KEY ISSUES IN
MICROBIOLOGY
dela Cruz, Leaño
[11] THE EFFECTS OF REMEDIAL PROGRAMS ON THE
STUDY OF LIVING THINGS IN THE SCIENCE
ACHIEVEMENT OF GRADE 2 STUDENTS
Trivino
2:30-3:00
[3] VISSER: MODERNIZING PHILIPPINE SCIENCE
TEACHING LABORATORIES
Tapang
[12] PAUSING FOR UNDERSTANDING: AN ACTION
RESEARCH ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF QUESTIONING
WAIT TIME AND ITS EFFECT TO STUDENTS’ RESPONSES
IN A GRADE 2 SCIENCE CLASS
Endriga
3:00-3:30
[4] IMPLEMENTATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,
ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS (STEM) PROGRAM IN
DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY – INTEGRATED SCHOOL:
OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR LASALLIAN
STUDENTS AND EDUCATORS
Belison
[13] LEAST LEARNED COMPETENCIES IN SCIENCE
AMONG GRADE 7 STUDENTS: A BASIS FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT OF LEARNING RESOURCE MATERIAL
Otico
3:45-4:15
[5] TEACHING BIOLOGY IN THE 21ST CENTURY:
PERSPECTIVES AND INITIATIVES OF STUDENTS AND
INSTRUCTORS AT THE DMMMSU-NLUC COLLEGE OF
EDUCATION
Aban
[14] CORRELATES OF LEARNING STYLES OF THE BS
PHARMACY FRESHMEN ENROLLED IN BOTANY AT
ANGELES UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
Bognot
[31 ]HOW SCHOOLS CAN PUSH SCIENCE-BASED
MANGROVE REHABILITATION AND CONSERVATION
Primavera
4:15-4:45
[6] CARBON FOOTPRINT INVENTORY: NWU'S
BENCHMARK FOR FUTURE ALTERNATIVES
Pilar, Ramos
[15]EXPLORING A MULTI-MODAL APPROACH IN
TEACHING THE LIGHT-INDEPENDENT REACTIONS OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS TO HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Abito, Delocado, Ocampo, Galban, Sagun, Urbina
[32] MANGROVE ECOPARKS AND BARRIERS: CLIMATE
CHANGE MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION
Primavera
4:45-5:15
[7] PROMOTING PARTICIPATION OF FILIPINO COLLEGE
STUDENTS IN BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: THE STS5E PEDAGOGY
Garcia, Cobar-Garcia, Famadico
[16] STUDENTS' AWARENESS AND PERCEPTIONS OF
MEDICINAL PLANTS: A CASE STUDY
Pitpitunge
[33] MARINE PLANT COMPOSITION AND ABIOTIC
CHARACTERIZATION OF BEACH RESORTS IN PACIJAN
ISLAND, CENTRAL PHILIPPINES
Tanduyan, Gonzaga, Anoos, Gaciano, Andrade
5:15-5:45
[8] ASP-EBE PEDAGOGY: AN INSTRUCTION TO
PROMOTE BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AMONG
COLLEGE STUDENTS
Cobar-Garcia, Garcia, Famadico
[17] CREATIVE DRAMA APPROACH: A TOOL IN THE
ENHANCEMENT OF SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS, ATTITUDES
AND SKILLS OF STUDENTS IN LUDICSA SCHOOLS
Calzado
[34] PEOPLE'S ACTIVITIES IN LAKE DANAO, PACIJAN
ISLAND, CEBU, PHILIPPINES
Tanduyan, Muaña, Abellanosa, Muaña, Tampus
5:45-6:15
[9] SCHOOL-RELATED FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE
DELIVERY ENHANCEMENT OF THE SPECIAL SCIENCE
PROGRAM IN WESTERN VISAYAS, PHILIPPINES
Bangcaya, Alejandro
[18] INVESTIGATING STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE
USE OF THE TABLET TECHNOLOGY IN THE CLASSROOM
Yumang
[35] DAANBANTAYAN AS ECOTOURISM DESTINATION
Mabulay
1:30-2:00
SEC A 209
Moderator:
DR. CRISANTO LOPEZ
BREAK
3:30-3:45
CONCURRENT WORKSHOPS [April 10]
SEC B 106
SEC B 105
SEC B. 107
1:30-2:30
[1] MUSHROOM GROWING SEMINAR AND
HANDS ON TRAINING FOR OYSTER MUSHROOM
CULTIVATION
Alvarez and Jambaro
[5] DIFFERENTIATED APPROACHES
IN TEACHING CELL
REPRODUCTION FOR GRADE 8
CLASS
Torres
[9] INVESTIGATING MENDELIAN
INHERITANCE AND GENE
INTERACTION THROUGH
PHENOTYPIC RATIOS
Rodriguez and Laude
[12] INTEGRATING
BIOINFORMATICS IN CELL AND
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
LABORATORY INSTRUCTIONS
Panes
2:30-3:30
[2] QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION
EXPERIMENTS THROUGH LOW-COST MODERN
TECHNOLOGY
Cabangon et al
[6] LET’S MAKE A BABY! THE USE
OF 3-D MANIPULATIVE MODEL AS A
LEARNING TOOL IN GENETICS
Guevarra, Torreta and Guevarra
[10] BIODIVERSITY OF AQUATIC
ARTHROPODS: A FUN ACTIVITY
FOR THE BIOLOGY CLASS AND
A CHALLENGE FOR SCIENCE
Freitag
[13] ANIMATE YOUR
CLASSROOM! USING
INTERACTIVE ANIMATIONS AND
SIMULATIONS TO BOOST
ENGAGEMENT AND FACILITATE
LEARNING IN BIOLOGY
Crisologo and Gunda
[3] THE LICHEN GAME: AN AMAZING RACE TO
FIND THE MISSING LICHEN
Santiago et al
[7] APPROACHES TO INQUIRYBASED INSTRUCTION IN THE
TEACHING OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Garcia and Bulasag
[11] THE ROLE OF AQUAFEEDS
IN FISH NUTRITION
Ragaza
[14] BI APPROACH ON INFERRING
EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS
Errabo
[4] USE OF GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS TO
ASSESS POPULATION VARIATION
Santos
[8] OUTCOMES-BASED EDUCATION
(OBE) AS A POSSIBLE TOOL
GEARED TOWARDS QUALITY
EDUCATION FOR K TO 12 AND HEI
PROGRAMS
Maini
Time \
Venue
BREAK
3:30-3:45
3:45-4:45
4:45-5:45
SEC A ___
ABSTRACTS OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS
SEMINAR LECTURES
- BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH Competing Papers
1. ANGIOTENSIN I-CONVERTING ENZYME-INHIBITING AND
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE PROPERTIES OF FRACTIONS FROM DIOSPYROS
EBENASTER IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS
1*
1,2
Daniel Albert E. Castillo ; John Donnie A. Ramos
1
2
The Graduate School, and College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, España,
Manila, 1015
*Email: danielalbertcastillo@gmail.com
In a previous study by this author, the crude methanolic leaf extract of Diospyros
ebenaster was able to reduce the blood pressure of rats subjected to renal
stenosis. It was also noted to inhibit the action of angiotensin I-converting
enzyme (ACE). The current study sought to narrow down the fraction from the D.
ebenaster with the highest reduction in blood pressure and ACE activity.
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats were treated with non-polar (hexane), semipolar (DCM), and polar (MeOH) extracts of D. ebenaster at a 2000 mg / kg body
®
weight concentration. Blood pressure was measured using the ADInstruments
Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Controller every hour for three hours. One hour
after treatment, blood was taken via tail clipping and serum was separated for
UV-Vis spectrophotometry to determine ACE inhibition by each fraction. Results
suggest that the DCM extract had the best antihypertensive effect, being able to
decrease blood pressure to similar levels as the negative normotensive and
positive control groups at three hours (p>0.05), and that all fractions had similar
degrees of ACE-inhibiting capabilities, with the DCM extract being most
effective.The chemical components of each extract was determined by thin layer
chromatography while possible adverse effects to the histopathology of the liver
and kidneys were evaluated.
Keywords: Research in the Life Sciences, Angiotensin I-converting enzyme
inhibition, hypertension, Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
38
2. IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA AND FUNGI FROM LOCALLY
AVAILABLE FERMENTED RICE-FISH AND ASSESSMENT OF
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF ISOLATED MONASCUS SPECIES
Nur-Aisa S. Abdulmajid
1
2
1,3
and Thomas Edison E. dela Cruz
1,2,3
3
Graduate School, College of Science, and Fungal Biodiversity and Systematics Group,
Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila,
Philippines
Email: tedelacruz@mnl.ust.edu.ph
In the province of Nueva Ecija, fermented rice-fish forms part of their local diet.
The fungus Monascus is responsible for the red coloration of this fermented ricefish. In this study, we assessed and isolated the bacteria, yeasts, and molds
present in fermented rice-fish samples collected from three local markets in
Nueva Ecija. Identification of the isolated bacteria, yeasts and molds was done
using morphological characterization and physiological or molecular analysis.
Our results showed differences in the microbial load between the three
fermented rice-fish samples. Twenty-five bacteria, fourteen yeasts and five molds
were recorded from the fermented rice-fish. The bacterial isolates were identified
as those belonging to gram-positive genera while the molds were identified as
Monascus species. To test for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites,
the five Monascus strains were cultured in five submerged fermentation broths
for four weeks under stationary condition. The fungal cultures were then
extracted with methanol or ethyl acetate and the crude culture extracts were
tested for their antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922,
Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2593, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC
27583 using paper disk diffusion assay. Results showed that one methanolic
culture extract exhibited antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa with a 14mm
zone of inhibition (ZOI) while five ethyl acetate culture extracts exhibited partially
active (10 – 13 mm ZOI) to very active (> 19 mm ZOI) inhibitory activity against
the same test bacteria. One ethyl acetate culture extract exhibited a very active
inhibitory activity against S. aureus. No activity was observed against E. coli. Our
results showed the potential of Monascus as sources of antibacterial metabolites.
Keywords: Fermented foods, Red mold, Bioactivity, Research and development
39
3. DNA BARCODING OF PHILIPPINE MEDICINAL PLANTS AND
ESTABLISHMENT OF DNA BARCODING DATABASE
Vincent Louie D. Cabelin
1
1, 3
*, Grecebio Jonathan D. Alejandro
1, 2
The Graduate School and 2Research Center for the Natural & Applied Sciences, University
of Santo Tomas, España, Manila, 1015, Philippines, 3College of Arts and Sciences, Notre
Dame of Dadiangas University, General Santos City, Philippines
*Email: vincent_cabelin@yahoo.com
Medicinal plants are practical remedies to cure common health problems.
However, incorrect identification of many plants has resulted in adulteration and
substitution of plant products that compromise their therapeutic value.
Morphological characterization remains the cornerstone of taxonomic diagnosis
in plants. Unfortunately, relying solely on morphology has some considerable
limitations. This premise is being addressed in the present study through DNA
Barcoding. It is a diagnostic technique that uses short DNA sequences of an
organism for fast and accurate identification. To date, 430 medicinal plant
specimens have been collected from various Philippine provinces from May 2012
to May 2014. The collection represents 237 genera (317 species) under 78
Angiosperm families. All of these samples were subjected to genomic DNA
extraction. Subsequent PCR amplification using five DNA markers- matK, rbcL,
trnH-psbA, trnL-F (cpDNA), and ITS (nrDNA)- and DNA sequencing (Macrogen,
Korea) yielded the following numbers of consensus sequences: matK- 218, rbcL108, trnH-psbA- 245, trnL-F- 206, and ITS- 52. The data suggests that trnH-psbA
is the easiest to amplify and sequence followed by matK and trnL-F. However,
BLAST analysis shows that matK and trnL-F are the ones that identify the
specimens accurately with large majority of the samples identified at species
level. Using p-distance analysis, trnH-psbA gave the highest mean interspecific
distance of 60.4% ± 9.5% while rbcL had the lowest value with 30% ± 24%. For
easy storage and retrieval of all available data, a DNA barcoding database is
being developed and will be publicly available online by 2015. It will be an
integrated web resource of all the collated data which will include, but not limited
to, taxonomy and biology of each sample, medical properties, possible
adulterants, photo-documents, molecular data, and key references.
Keywords: DNA barcoding, medicinal plants, barcoding database, technology
40
4. GEOMETRIC-MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF Brontispa longissima
(GESTRO) COLLECTED IN SELECTED PROVINCES IN THE PHILIPPINES
Ana Marie t. Acevedo
Surigao del Sur State University, Cantilan, Surigao del Sur, Phillipines
Email: anacevedo2011@gmail.com
This study was conducted to describe variations in the shapes of the elytra, head
and pronotum of populations of adult Brontispa longissima (Gestro) infesting
coconut farms from selected areas in the Philippines using Cluster Analysis,
Relative Warp Analysis coupled with box plot and histograms and Procustean
Analysis. The data used in this study included shape residuals captured using
the method of landmark based geometric morphometrics. The results of the
cluster analyses based on the average shapes of the elytra, head and pronotum
shows no consistent pattern of similarity between and among five populations of
B. longissima. When localized variations using Relative Warp Analysis coupled
with box plot and histograms was done, the findings revealed that RWA was only
successful in summarizing variations using two relative warps in the shape of the
elytra where the first two warps contained 86.29% of the variations of the female
and 85.48% for the males. For the head and pronotum, the first two relative
warps captured less than 50% of the overall variation. Looking at the shapes of
the frequency histograms, all were found to follow a unimodal distribution. The
box plots reveal no consistent results. Among the three characters studied only
the elytra were more robust and reliable compared to head and pronotum and
then Tandag differ from the rest of the other over-lapping populations. On the
other hand, Procustean Analyses revealed that elytra were more spread in the
posterior region both in male and female. The coordinates in head and pronotum
were evenly distributed. In the overlapping consensus configurations show that
variability was exaggerated in the right side of the elytra and the posterior parts
of the head and pronotum. Results also showed expansion among females while
compression among males in elytra. For males, expansion are localized in the
posterior part of the elytra, For the head, results showed asymmetry in the
distribution of expansion areas where expansion are observed in the right
postero-lateral aspect of the female head. The overall results may imply that
they might belong to one operational taxonomic unit or ecotype or biotype.
Geography might not be the factor responsible for the differentiation of the
populations of B. longissima. Other important factors might include the variety of
coconut host and some other important environmental parameters. This has yet
to be established in future research.
Keywords: Geometric-morphometric analysis, Ecotype, Biotype, Relative warp
analysis, Life sciences
41
5. A NEW SPECIES OF RUBOVIETNAMIA AND MOLECULAR
CONFIRMATION OF THE PHILIPPINE ENDEMIC MYCETIA APOENSIS
(RUBIACEAE)
1
1
Villanueva, John Christopher C* ., Callanta, Remigio Jr. S. , Neptuno, Jasmin
1
1
1,2
Aei F. , Verin, Maryneil A. , and Alejandro, Grecebio Jonathan D.
1
Department of Biologcial Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas,
España Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
2
Research Center for the Natural & Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España
Blvd., 1015 Manila, Philippines
Email: johncvillanueva94@gmail.com
Two interesting genera within the family Rubiaceae are Mycetia Reinw. and
Rubovietnamia Tirveng. The Philippine endemic plant, Mycetia Apoensis (Elmer)
Govaerts, was previously under the genus Adenosacme and was once
suspected as conspecific with Mycetia cauliflora Reinw. Its generic change was
based only on herbarium specimens. On the other hand, Rubovietnamia is a
relatively new genus with only two reported species from China and Vietnam.
Recent plant collections conducted in Mt. Apo National Park and Little Boracay,
Davao resulted in the collection of Mycetia apoensis and a divergent Rubiaceae
species close to Rubovietnamia. Molecular analysis was conducted on the two
species to verify with more certitude their generic affiliations. Bayesian analysis
of the combined plastid (rps16 and trnL-F) dataset strongly supported (PP = 1.0)
the inclusion of Mycetia apoensis in the genus Mycetia and resolved Mycetia
cauliflora as its sister-taxa. Meanwhile, Bayesian analysis of the combined rps16
and trnL-F data of the DNA sequences of the suspected Rubovietnamia indicated
with high support (PP = 1.0) that it is a member of the tribe Gardenieae. Since
the available sequences of other Rubovietnamia species are limited only with the
two markers utilized and not enough to resolved monophyly of the genus, a
thorough morphological analysis was conducted which confirmed its generic
affiliation. Thus, we propose to name this new species Rubovietnamia microflora.
Both Mycetia apoensis and Rubovietnamia microflora are provided with
comprehensive descriptions as well as their first botanical illustrations and
conservation status following the standards of IUCN.
Keywords: Rubovietnamia, Mycetia, Rubiaceae, Molecular Phylogeny
42
Non-Competing Papers
6. HEPATOPROTECTIVE PROPERTY OF Canarium ovatum (PILI) LEAF
EXTRACT ON PARACETAMOL-INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE
*
Rey Euriel P. Bolo, Jorenz Leandro W. Lu, Ramona Serrano-Renegado . Agnes
B. Salvadora
Department of Natural Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ateneo de Naga University.
*Email: remyrengado@gmail.com
There are many synthetic medicines used to cure certain diseases. These
medicines can have side effects putting great strain and damage to body organs
particularly the liver. The pili nut Canarium ovatum is endemic in the Philippines,
with the Bicol Region as its center of genetic diversity. Phytochemical screening
of pili leaves suggests that they contain phytochemicals known to have
hepatoprotective property. This study aimed to determine the hepatoprotective
property of Canarium ovatum (Pili) leaves on paracetamol-induced liver damage
in Sprague-Dawley rats. Specific objectives include: verify the hepatoprotective
property of Canarium ovatum at different concentrations of ethanolic leaf
extracts; determine the minimum concentration of plant extract that can
approximate AST and ALT values of the control group; find out if there is a
significant difference in the hepatoprotective activity among the different
concentrations of C. ovatum and, if there is a significant difference between the
positive control (Silymarin) and the concentration that approximates the values of
AST and ALT of the control group. Thirty-one (35) Sprague-Dawley rats weighing
150-200 grams were used in the study. There were seven (7) groups; control (no
treatment), negative control (paracetamol), positive control (Silymarin) and the
different concentrations of the plant extract (25 mg/kg BW, 50 mg/kg BW,
75mg/kg BW and 100 mg/ kg BW). The rats were induced of liver damage for
three (3) hours. The experimental treatment was done for five (5) days.
Biochemical screening for Alanine Aminotransferases (ALT) and Aspartate
Aminotransferases (AST) was conducted after the treatment of extracts.
Histopathological analysis was done to support the observed changes obtained
from the liver function tests. Results showed that all doses of the plant extract
lowered the elevated blood serum levels in comparison with the negative control
and positive control. Statistical analysis showed no difference in the
hepatoprotective activity of the plant extracts at different concentrations. The
lowest dose (25mg/kg BW) is comparable with the standard drug, Silymarin,
confirming the hepatoprotective property of the plant.
Keywords: Canarium ovatum, hepatoprotective, biochemical screening,
histopathology, plant extract
43
7. ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF DUHAT (Syzygium cumini) AND
SINEGUELAS (Spondias purpure)
Marlon DL. Suba, Filipinas L. Bognot, Evelyn E. Goce, Zenaida F. Mergal, and
Lani G. Tabangay
College of Arts & Science, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines
Email: subamarlondeleon@gmail.com
This study determined the antioxidant properties of the fruits of Syzygium cumini
(duhat) and Spondias purpure (sineguelas). Fruits were collected from Angeles
City, Pampanga. The ethanolic extracts of the two fruits were prepared by
soaking one kilo each in just enough 70% ethanol for 48 hours. These were then
filtered and concentrated by rotary evaporation. The ethanolic extracts were
subjected to phytochemical screening using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC).
For the assessment of the antioxidant properties of the ethanolic extracts of the
fruits, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was utilized. Results showed
that both ethanolic extracts of the fruits of duhat and sineguelas contain the
important phytochemicals, namely: flavonoids and steroids; phenols, tannins,
alkaloids, anthrones, anthraquinones, triterpenes, steroids, higher alcohols and
essential oils. Based on the DPPH assay, both fruits exhibited free radical
scavenging activity against DPPH. Comparing the two fruit samples, the
ethanolic extract of duhat (Syzygium cumini) showed higher scavenging activity
than that of sineguelas (Spondias purpure). Results of the study can be used in
identifying the potential use of the fruit extracts of duhat and sineguelas for the
development of new therapeutic agents. This study may offer prospective new
treatments for heart. Since these fruits are eaten fresh, they are to be safe to
humans and to non-target organisms.
Keywords: phytochemicals, antioxidant property, chromatography, research in
life sciences
44
8. THE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF CLOSED PITCHER FLUIDS OF
Nepenthes ultra (NEPENTHACEAE)
*
Jorge Anton D. Ordas , Leo Karl C. Palma, Kendrick Don R. Reyes, Mark Rainier
C. S. Yu, Michael Bahrami-Hessari, Thomas Richard Pavia
College of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España
*Email: ordas.jorge@yahoo.com
Numerous studies on the chemical composition of the Nepenthes
(Nepenthaceae) pitcher fluid revealed its variety of beneficial properties against
ailments of microbial origin. Although the phytochemical component is well
documented, most studies are limited to chemical identification with only several
Nepenthes species tested. Using paper disc diffusion assay, closed pitcher fluids
from wild Nepenthes ultra Cheek & Jebb were assessed for possible
antimicrobial effects against test microorganisms Escherichia coli,
Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The
effect of pitcher orientation, whether upper or lower pitchers, on the strength of
the pitcher fluid against microorganisms was also assessed and found no
difference between the groups. Results prove that the fluid extract bear strong
antifungal capability against A. niger even when diluted to 25% fluid
concentration. It is also observed that ex-situ setups exhibited more and larger
zones of inhibition compared to in-situ setups. It is possible that collected pitcher
specimen for the ex-situ treatment had been activated during the lag time from
the field to the laboratory that caused greater antimicrobial effect of the fluid
Keywords: Nepenthes ultra, antimicrobial effect, in-situ treatment and ex-situ
treatment, Research in the Life Sciences
45
9. PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTY OF
Mikania cordata (BURM. F.) B. L. ROB. LEAF EXTRACT
Thelma D.C Arrieta
Bulacan State University
Email: bhemmceth@yahoo.com
Mikania cordata (Burm. F. ) B. L. Rob. commonly known as “bikas” is a species
of medicinal weed that grows almost everywhere in all seasons of the year. It is
called “mile a minute” vine since it grows very rapidly and affect the other species
of plant in the area by depriving them with nutrients and sunlight. Thus, some
consider it to be a noxious plant or pest in the area. Despite that, the plant has
beneficial uses in folklore medicine, one of which is its ability to cure wounds and
other bacterial infections. This study evaluated the antibacterial property of the
leaf extract of Mikania cordata (Burm. F.) B.L. Rob. to validate the folk practice of
using the plant as herbal curative. Crude extract of Mikania cordata (Burm. F.)
B.L. Rob was investigated for its possible bioactive components and antibacterial
activity on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomona aeruginosa. Fresh plant
leaves were collected, identified and extracted. The crude extract was subjected
to a phytochemical screening and its antibacterial property was investigated
using agar well diffusion method. Phytochemical screening of the leaf extract
revealed the presence of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, carbohydrates,
flavonoids, glycosides, triterpenes, saponins, sterols and tannins. Mikania
cordata (Burm. f.) B. L. Rob. crude leaf extract showed antibacterial activity by
inhibiting the growth of Staphyloccus aureus, a gram positive bacteria. It did not
inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a gram negative bacteria. The
results of this study validated the folk practice of using the leaf as treatment to
wounds and other skin infections.
Keywords: phytochemical screening, antibacterial, Mikania cordata,
Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomanas aeruginosa
46
10. CYTOGENETIC SCREENING OF CHEMICALS FROM WATER LEACHATE
OF PLASTIC SLIPPERS USING ALLIUM TEST
Ma. Cecilia V. Tiu
Catanduanes State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Natural Science Department
Email: cecille_6ph@yahoo.com
Allium test as a plant bioassay is a first-tier and sensitive tool for scoring effects
of chemicals in water. The cytotoxic effects of chemicals from water leachate of
plastic slippers were analyzed using A. cepa. Three commercial plastic slippers
were soaked in water from one to six months and the water leachate was used
as a medium to grow onion bulbs. Morphological characteristics including the
root production and root forms were scored once a month as well as
chromosomal analysis through microscopic observation of chromosomal
aberrations and determination of mitotic indices. Two factors were considered
namely the chemicals from commercial plastic slipper brands and the length of
exposure. Results showed that water leachate from plastic slippers inhibited the
growth of A. cepa root tips and significant on the fifth and sixth months of
exposure. Changes in root forms were also observed including the formation of
bent and bulbous roots. Mitotic index is reduced in all test systems and
chromosomal aberrations such as early anaphase, sticky chromosomes, bridges
and fragments, vagrant chromosomes, C-mitosis and precocious chromosomes
were observed which is not present in the control group. The use of Allium test
system is a simple but very efficient method that can be considered for detecting
chemical exposure in water samples and a valuable, simple and quick method for
monitoring eventual negative effects of different chemicals. The microscopic
parameters can be used qualitatively and can support and explain the effects
seen macroscopically.
Keywords: Cytogenic aberrations, Allium test, water leachate, mitotic index
47
11. STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES ON THE
HEART RATE OF DAPHNIA (Daphnia magna)
Immanuel P. Paradela, Pablo Bruno Manuel I. Celdran, Everlita E. Canalita and
*
Victoria A. Tarranza
MSU-IIT College of Education-Integrated Developmental School, Iligan City
*Email: victoria.tarranza@yahoo.com
Daphnia (Daphnia magna) or water fleas is a planktonic crustaceans commonly
found in canals and other waterways. It has been used as a standard organism
for toxicity testing and toxicological reaction to environmental pollutants.
Alcoholic beverage is any fermented liquor, such as wine, beer, or distilled spirit
that contains ethyl alcohol or ethanol (CH3CH2OH ) as an intoxicating agent
(MarcoSampaolo,2013). The study is about the effect of alcohol on the heart rate
of Daphnia. Samples of the organism were directly exposed to an aqueous
environment with varying concentration of alcohol. The experiment used three
different alcoholic beverages at three different concentration in water. In the
control group, no alcohol was added to the water. Results show that exposure of
Daphnia to alcohol affects its heart rate. As the concentration of alcohol
increases, the heart rate increases. This observation is true for all the alcoholic
beverages used in the experiment.
Keywords: Toxicity, Daphnia, Alcoholic beverages, Water fleas, Heart rate
48
12. RESPONSE SURFACE ANALYSIS OF PELLET FORMATION AS A
FUNCTION OF MEDIUM COMPONENT CONCENTRATIONS
Arni Gambe Gilbuena
School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University
Email: agambe-gilbuena@ateneo.edu
Spherical pellets for submerged cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium, a
white-rot fungus with lignin-degrading capability, are better suited for enzyme
production in scaled-up bioreactors. The configuration of the mycelial mass
formed in submerged, agitated cultures is affected by several factors. Response
surface methods can be used to simultaneously study the effects of multiple
factors on a process. Multifactor design of experiments can more closely
approximate real-world interactions between factors involved in a process. In the
present work, the Box-Benkhen Design (BBD) was used to generate
experimental runs consisting of 13 unique combinations of various
concentrations of glucose, nitrogen and calcium chloride to determine whether
the concentration levels of medium components in P. chrysosporium cultures
affect pellet formation. The observed frequency of non-spherical pellets was
analyzed using Design Expert 7 (Statease, MN) generating a quadratic model.
ANOVA of the second-order model indicated statistical relevance at  = 0.05 (p =
0.0080) while the lack of fit was not significant (p = 0.6812). The glucose and
nitrogen concentrations were both relevant at p = 0.0032 and p = 0.0011,
respectively, while calcium chloride concentrations (p = 0.4513) did not affect
pellet shape formation.
The interaction between glucose and nitrogen
concentrations was statistically-relevant (p = 0.0222). Furthermore, the response
surface generated using the model clearly illustrated the predicted increase in
non-spherical pellets as the concentrations of both glucose and nitrogen are
increased.
Keywords: research in life sciences, multifactor DOE, Phanerochaete, response
surface method
49
13. DIETARY SPIRULINA Spirulina platensis (Gomont) Geitler, 1925
REPLACEMENT ENHANCES PERFORMANCE OF POND- AND TANKREARED JUVENILE NILE TILAPIA Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758
1,6
2,6
3,6
Stephanie F. Velasquez , Gian Carlo F. Maliwat , Merab A. Chan , Jan Lorie
3,6
3,6
4,7
M. Robil , Rhea G. Abisado , Rex Ferdinand M. Traifalgar , Melchor M.
5,8
3,6*
Tayamen , Janice A. Ragaza
1
Imus, Cavite 2Magalang, Pampanga 3Quezon City, NCR 4Miagao, Iloilo 5Muñoz, Nueva
Ecija, 6Ateneo de Manila University, Katipunan Avenue, Quezon City 1108 NCR,7University
of the Philippines-Visayas,8Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources – National
Freshwater Fisheries Technology Center
Email: jragaza@ateneo.edu
A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of Spirulina
(Spirulina platensis) inclusion in experimental diets of juvenile Nile tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus). Isonitrogenous and isolipidic test diets were prepared
using a fishmeal based positive control diet (S0) and four basal diets with S.
platensis at 30% (S30), 45% (S45), 60% (S60), and 75% (S75) inclusion levels.
Experimental diets were randomly assigned to tanks (15 fishes per tank) for tankrearing, and to cages with hapa nets (15 fishes per cage) for pond rearing, with
initial mean body weight of 0.89 ± 0.02g in triplicates. Results of the feeding trial
demonstrated significantly improved (P < 0.05) overall growth performance,
hepatosomatic index, and viserosomatic index of 30% Spirulina fed fishes. Blood
chemical profile also indicated desirable values as compared to the control diet.
On the contrary, higher Spirulina inclusion levels of 75% revealed significantly
depressed fish growth. Similar values for protein, lipid, moisture, and ash carcass
composition were observed for all experimental diets. Blood chemical parameters
showed significant difference (P < 0.05) in triglyceride levels for both tank- and
pond-reared fishes. These results indicate that 30% Spirulina inclusion is
deemed the optimal level of dietary replacement for increased growth
performance, improved feed utilization efficiency and enhanced overall health
status of Nile tilapia juveniles.
Keywords: Nile tilapia, Spirulina platensis, Blood chemistry, Research
50
14. THE EFFECT OF THE DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF MANGANESE
(II) SULPHATE AND SILVER NITRATE TO BIOLUMINESCENT BACTERIA
FROM LEIOGNATHUS EQUULUS
1*
1
Nadylane Larman and Analiza J. Molina, PhD
1
Department of Biology, Angeles University Foundation Angeles City, 2009
*Email: anniemolina121020@gmail.com
Bioluminescent bacteria are microorganisms that can emit their own light in the
presence of lux operon gene. Its sensitivity to pollutants and heavy metals make
these organisms popular as test organisms. The heavy metals manganese (II)
sulphate and silver nitrate, common water contaminants, were diluted in different
concentrations (1000x, 100x, 10x) and were sprayed in petri dishes containing
bioluminescent bacteria isolated from Leiognathus equulus. Ten replicates of the
samples were observed by introducing 250uL of each magnification. Distilled
water served as the negative control. The bioluminescence was observed for two
hours with the interval of ten minutes. The size of the luminosity of each sample
was determined using ImageJ. The intensity of light produced by bioluminescent
bacteria differed when exposed to several concentrations of manganese (II)
sulphate and silver nitrate.
Keywords: Bioluminescent bacteria, Contaminants, Manganese (II) sulphate;
Silver Nitrate; Leiognatus equulus
51
15. SELECTED HERBAL PLANT EXTRACTS AS ANGIOGENESIS
INHIBITORS USING CHICK CHORIOALLANTOIC MEMBRANE (CAM) ASSAY
Gerald M. Salas, Evelyn V. Totaan
*
Department of Natural Sciences, Institute of Arts and Sciences,
Pampanga Agricultural University, Magalang, Pampanga
*Email: geraldsalas@gmail.com
The study was conducted to assess the phytochemical components and
properties of herbal plant extracts, such as (a) sabungai (Gynura nepalensis DC),
(b) pandan (Pandanus odoratissimus L.). and (c) tsaang gubat (Carmona retusa
(Vahl.) Masam.) as potential angiogenesis inhibitors using the Chick
Chorioallantoic (CAM) Assay. Phytochemical analysis showed that the three
extracts were found to have alkaloids, tannins and flavonoids. Only pandan
extract was assessed to contain anthraquinones and steroids. The treatments
were individually compared to the positive control (eggs treated with retinoic acid)
and negative control (eggs treated distilled water) of the study. Statistical
analysis showed significant difference on the mean number of branching points
of eggs treated sabungai extract, pandan extract and tsaang gubat as compared
to negative control of the study. Sabungai extract was found significantly different
to the positive control. On the other hand, no significant difference is seen in the
mean number of the branching points of the eggs treated with pandan and
tsaang gubat extracts when individually compared to the positive control. The
mean number of branching points of the eggs treated with the three herbal plant
extracts were also compared using statistical analysis. The mean number of
branching points of the herbal plant extracts also revealed no significant
difference. Using the formula for CAM Vascularity that determines the inhibition
properties of the extracts, it was found out that tsaang gubat gained the highest
inhibition of vascularity followed by pandan while sabungai got the least
percentage of CAM vascularity. Hence, results show that the three herbal plant
extracts are potential angiogenesis inhibitors.
Keywords: Angiogenesis, Vascularity, Herbal plant extracts
52
16. GEOMETRIC-MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS DESCRIBING
MORPHOLOGICAL INTEGRATION AND MODULARITY IN THE SHELL OF
Stromnus canarium
Joy Bagaloyos
Email: jbagaloyos29@gmail.com
This study was conducted to determine modularity in the shell of S. canarium
using the Modularity and Integration Analysis Tool (MINT) software for geometric
morphometric data. The results of the goodness of fit test made use of the γ*
statistic, and subsequent Monte Carlo randomization test and jackknife support.
Among the five a priori models generated, the best-fit model of the shell of S.
canarium is model 5 hypothesizing that the shell is partitioned into three distinct
modules namely: a) the spire; b) the body whorl; and the c) apertural region. It is
argued that different gene nets may control each module and subsequently affect
the developmental and genetic modularity of the shell. While there are other
models as shown in this that may also explain modularity and integration in the
shell shape of S. canarium, these morphological variations may be explained by
the interactions and influences among developmental modules that may affect
functional and genetic interactions translated into phenotypic variations.
Keywords: Morphometric analysis, Modularity, Strombus canarium, Phenotypic
variations
53
17. A NEW COMBINATION IN Pyrostria comm. ex Jussieu AND NOVEL
VARIETY OF Uncaria Schred. FROM MT. NATIB, BATAAN WITH
IMPLICATIONS ON ITS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
Panaligan, Jolo M*., Hizon, Raphael Luis M., Lopez, Joseph Apollo D., Nucom,
Nicole Elena I. and Alejandro, Grecebio Jonathan D.
Department of Biologcial Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, España
Email: jolo_panaligan@yahoo.com
Recent botanical exploration in the area ascertained two interesting species of
Uncaria Schreb. and Canthium Lam. of the family Rubiaceae. Initial observations
of the materials showed deviating characteristics from those of the recognized
representatives of the aforementioned genera in the Philippines. To resolve the
identities of the two Rubiaceae species, the molecular markers trnL-F (cpDNA)
and ITS (nrDNA) were utilized. Bayesian and parsimony analyses grouped the
Uncaria and Canthium to the tribes Naucleeae and Vanguerieae, respectively,
supported by morphology. Comparative analysis of the varieties and forms of
Uncaria using dichotomous keys, type specimens and protologues supported the
novelty of the material on the varietal level. Hence, we propose a new variety of
Uncaria endemic to the Philippines. Scientific studies constructed on the several
Uncaria species showed a diversity of biological activities such as cytotoxicity,
anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, immunostimulation, antioxidant, CNS – related
response, vascular hypotensive, mutagenicity and antibacterial properties: the
bioactive compounds associated with these activities include the terpenes,
flavonoids and coumarins which are also detected in this study. Meanwhile, the
genus Canthium constitute a heterogeneous assemblage leading to segregation
of other genera and restriction to possess paired supra axillary spines. The
species of Canthium collected was identified as C. glandulosum without spines.
This leads to its grouping in the Pyrostria clade with high support (PP-0.99).
Observation of our material revealed the presence of persistent bract that
encloses the infloresences, a unique feature in Pyrostria. We hereby propose a
new combination Pyrostria glandulosa (Merill) Hizon, Nucom and Alejandro,
comb. nov. On the continuing phytochemical study of endemic Philippine
Rubiaceae, the presence of phenolic compounds, terpenes, steroids and
flavonoids for both Uncaria and Pyrostria have been elaborated.
Keywords: Uncaria, Canthium, Rubiaceae
54
18. MACROFUNGAL DIVERSITY AND DNA BARCODING OF SOME
MEDICINAL MACROSCOPIC FUNGI IN MTS. PALAYPALAY- MATAAS NA
GULOD PROTECTED LANDSCAPE,SOUTHERN LUZON, PHILIPPINES
1
3
1&2
Minerva C. Arenas , Edwin R.Tadiosa , Grecebio Jonathan D. Alejandro
4
Renato G. Reyes
1
,&
2
The Graduate School and Research Center for the Natural & Applied Sciences, University
of Santo Tomas, España, Manila, 1015, Philippines, 3Philippine National Herbarium, Botany
Division National Museum of the Philippine P. Burgos St., Manila, Philippines and 4Center
for Tropical Mushroom Research & Development, Department of Biological Sciences
College of Arts and Sciences, Central Luzon State University Science City of Muñoz,
Nueva Ecija, Philippines.
*Email: arenas.mines@gmail.com
Macroscopic fungi are considered as one of the diverse group of organisms
which are recognized for their ecological and economical uses. Protected areas
in the Philippines particularly in CALABARZON are known to have high
macroscopic fungal biodiversity due its cool climate and rich vegetation. Thus,
collection and documentation of macroscopic fungal species were conducted at
Mts. Palaypalay - Mataas na Gulod Protected Landscape (MPMGPL) situated
in the municipalities of Ternate and Maragondon in Cavite and Nasugbu in
Batangas. Macroscopic fungi sampling was completed using Transect Line (TL)
with a combination of quadrat and opportunistic sampling methods from April
2013 to June 2014. Five transect lines, one kilometer each was laid from
baseline of 200 masl up to 600 masl. Ten quadrats of 20m x 30m with an
interval of 250m were designated for each TL. All macroscopic fungi inside and
outside the quadrats were classified and documented. A total of 95 species
which were collected and identified belonged to Class Ascomycetes (under 4
families, 5 genera and 6 species) and Class Basidiomycetes under 34 families,
64 genera and 89 species. Furthermore, a total of seven species of medicinal
macroscopic fungi under seven genera, and seven families were collected in
different substrates. Some macrocopic fungi collected were identified as
Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma lucidum, Schizophyllum commune,
Auricularia mesenterica, Auricularia polytricha, Phellinus linteus, Trametes
versicolor, and Volvariella volvacea. The efficiency of barcoding regions:
nuclear ribosomal DNA transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) were
evaluated in terms of universality and discriminatory power, applied in collected
samples and were accomplished using MEGA 6 software. For each marker,
initial data alignment, total number of bases, and computed sequence
divergence will be reported. Moreover, significant findings include Hexagonia
apiaria and Laetiporus sulphureus as the new record of fungal species in
CALABARZON.
Keywords: Macrofungi, Diversity, DNA Barcoding, Research in the Life
Sciences
55
19. A SURVEY OF ANT POPULATION IN AN ANTHROPOGENIC-DISTURBED
AREA: FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
*
Anthony Ian G. Pag-ong , Joel M. Chavez
*Email: apag-ong@feu.edu.ph
This is an initial survey of ant population in Far Eastern University, Manila
campus as the study try to have entomology or at least myrmecology partake a
place among such more immediately recognizable taxon-defined disciplines as it
is often said that ecology and conservation biology suffer from a vertebrate bias.
This study tries to answer the question: are there native ant species surviving
with human presence in FEU? And based from the question, the objectives of
this study were to (i) identify species of ants in the area (ii) classify ants as to
native or non-native, tramp or invasive (iii) enumerate physiological adaptive
mechanisms of these ants that make them survive. General hand collection &
baiting discussed from the ALL protocol were used for collection. Three ant
species were identified and verified namely: Nylanderia sp. subfamily
Formicinae; Oecophylla smaragdina, subfamily Formicinae; and Solenopsis
geminata, subfamily Myrmicinae. All species were considered as “tramp”
species. The latter species is ‘invasive’ while the former two are native.
Physiological adaptations that aid their behavioural responses are the alarm
pheromones which have no direct benefit to the recipient but serve to put other
colony members in a high state of alertness. Native ants do survive human
presence and dwell in disturbed areas as they have many years ago using their
behaviour and physiology and makes them a part of that community and
eventually gives them a niche that we need to further understand and study.
Keywords: Ant population; Native species; Tramp species
56
20. A SURVEY OF A SEMI-NATURAL GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM IN LA
RESIDENCIA DE STA ROSA, LAGUNA
*
Dulce Marie P. Nisperos , Anthony G. Pag-Ong and Glorina P. Orozco
*Email: dnisperos@feu.edu.ph
The semi-natural grasslands of the Philippines found in disturbed regions such
as residential areas still support a relatively diverse ecosystem but little is known
about its remaining biodiversity. The researchers conducted a survey and
vegetation analysis in a semi-natural grassland ecosystem in La Residencia de
Sta Rosa, in Laguna province within a four week period. Air and soil temperature
were taken and recorded every week during the time of collection. A 10-meter
transect line and quadrat method was used to determine the vegetation diversity
and productivity while net and hand collection were used to sample arthropod. A
total of twelve species of plants were sampled with Panicum species having the
highest percentage and relative cover. Six family of insects were also recorded.
Average fresh and dried weights for the quadrat were 862.5 and 287.5 grams
respectively while average soil and temperature were 27.5 and 26.5 degrees
centigrade. Community indices of plant species in the study sites were 0.329 for
the Index of Dominance (C), Shannon Index (H’) is 0.621 which is the score for
the transects general biotic diversity in the area while the Evenness Index (e) is
0.575 which the transects score for the apportionment of individuals among the
different species. A disturbed area like residential area experiencing
anthropogenic activities needed further study to be able to maximize the land
usage and proper grassland management for ecological conservation.
Keywords: Semi-natural grassland; Biodiversity, Community indices,Productivity
57
21. EVALUATION OF THREE CANDIDATE DNA BARCODING LOCI IN
SELECTED Ficus L. (MORACEAE)
1*
2
2
Jay Edneil C. Olivar , Rochelle Y. Brillantes , Rosario R. Rubite , Grecebio
1
Jonathan D. Alejandro
1
Thomas Aquinas Research Complex, The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas,
España, Manila 1015 Philippines
2
Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila,
Philippines
Email: at_home_jay@yahoo.com / jayedneilolivar07@gmail.com
The genus Ficus L. (Moraceae) is known for its diverse morphology and habit as
well as economical, ecological, and pharmaceutical importance. In this study, six
Philippine Ficus species were utilized to determine the best barcoding loci among
cpDNA (rbcL, trnH-psbA) and nrDNA (ITS) markers on the basis of universality,
discriminatory power, and resolution of species. Both trnH-psbA and ITS showed
100% PCR success rate and 67% sequencing success, whereas rbcL exhibited
67% PCR success rate but 100% sequencing success. The trnH-psbA marker
performed best in terms of discriminatory power, showing the highest variable
informative site (71.37%) and the highest mean interspecific distance (48.32% ±
19.89%). ITS ranked next to trnH-psbA since it was able to generate 100%
resolution of species and a comparable mean intraspecific distance score with
trnH-psbA. Meanwhile, rbcL failed to resolve any species correctly; thus, it has a
0% resolution of species. We initially recommend trnH-psbA and ITS as potential
DNA barcodes for molecular authentication of Ficus species.
Keywords: DNA barcoding, Ficus, Research, trnH-psbA
58
22. PHYLOGENY AND DNA BARCODING OF PHILIPPINE Lasianthus JACK
(LASIANTHEAE: RUBIACEAE) INCLUDING A NOVEL SPECIES AND NEW
RECORDS
1*
Muhammad Jefte C. Arshed & Grecebio Jonathan D. Alejandro
1
1&2
2
The Graduate School and Research Center for the Natural & Applied Sciences, University
of Santo Tomas, España, Manila, 1015, Philippines
*Email: jeftearshed@yahoo.com
The pantropical Lasianthus Jack is the largest genus in the tribe Lasiantheae
which has taxonomic difficulty due to limited morphological variations among
species. Moreover, the monophyly of the morphology-based infrageneric
sections of the genus in comparison to molecular data, remains doubtful. The
taxonomy of Philippine Lasianthus was recently revised based only on
herbarium specimens and no studies has been done based on phylogeny.
Thus, taxonomic re-evaluation of Philippine Lasianthus directed by molecular
phylogeny is needed. To address this, some Lasianthus species were collected
from Bataan, Mindoro, Antique, Camiguin, Davao, Quezon and Palawan for
sequencing. In this study, the phylogenetic position of selected Philippine
Lasianthus species were assessed using Bayesian Inference from MrBayes
software and the most efficient marker use in species-level discrimination of 13
Philippine Lasianthus species using nrDNA ITS and four cpDNA markers, the
rps16, trnT-F, matK and rbcL were determined and evaluated in terms of
universality and discriminatory power using the MEGA 6 software.
Furthermore, a novel species and three new records of Philippine Lasianthus
were identified. This study is a good contribution to the taxonomy, systematics
and biodiveristy of the Philippine flora.
Keywords: Lasianthus, phylogeny, DNA barcoding, research
59
23. MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF PHILIPPINE Gynochthodes BLUME AND
Morinda L. (RUBIACEAE) INCLUDING FOUR NOVELTIES IN THE TRIBE
MORINDEAE
1*
Russell Evan L. Venturina & Grecebio Jonathan D. Alejandro
1
2
1, 2,3
3
The Graduate School, College of Science and Research Center for the Natural & Applied
Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España, Manila, 1015, Philippines
*Email: russellventurina2000@yahoo.com
The tribe Morindeae of the family Rubiaceae contains five genera (Morinda L.,
Gynochthodes Blume, Appunia Hook.f., Coelospermum Blume and
Siphonandrium K.Schum.). The Philippines presently has a total of 14 species of
Gynochthodes while Morinda and Coelospermum are monotypic. The recent
taxonomic amendment of Razafimandimbison and Bremer’s adopted a narrow
circumscription of Morinda and a broad circumscription of Gynochthodes, which
resulted to several nomenclatural changes in the tribe. The proposed transfer of
the lianescent Philippine endemic Morinda species to its allied genus
Gynochthodes raised the question whether this taxonomic treatment is supported
by molecular dataset. To address this, 13 plant samples from the Thomasian
Angiosperm Barcoding and Phylogeny Group (TAPBG) collection specifically
M.citrifolia var. citrifolia, M.citrifolia var. bracteata, Morinda elliptifolia, and four
Morindeae species were sequenced and analyzed. A total of 65 sequences of
combined trnT-F (cpDNA) and ITS (nrDNA) were utilized for phylogenetic
analysis. Bayesian inference (BI) of combined DNA markers support the generic
transfer of Morinda elliptifolia to Gynocthodes with strong support (PP=1.00). The
genus Gynochthodes is characterized by marginal hairs along stipules and
bracts; axillary, racemose or cymose inflorescences with white and shortly
pedunculate flowers; recurved calyx tubes; and presence of long hairs within the
tubes and on the lobes and adaxial side of corolla. Other Morindeae species from
USTH Morindeae collections (3 Gynochthodes cf. and 1 Morinda cf.) were
confirmed of their generic affiliation within the tribe. Comparisons between the
Malesian Gynochthodes and Morinda have shed light to the proposal of four new
endemic Philippines Gynochthodes and Morinda species. A taxonomic key and
distribution map for the genera and its species for Philippine Morindeae, as well
as descriptions and botanical illustrations for newly recognized species are
provided in this study.
Keywords: Phylogeny, Morinda, Gynochthodes, Palawan
60
24. SYSTEMATICS OF THE PHILIPPINE ENDEMIC Ixora L. (RUBIACEAE,
IXOREAE)
1,2,*
1,2
3
Cecilia I. Banag , Grecebio Jonathan D. Alejandro , Ulrich Meve and Sigrid
3
Liede-Schumann
1
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Santo Tomas,
España Boulevard, 1015 Manila, Philippines
2
Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas,
España Boulevard, 1015 Manila, Philippines
3
Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, Universitätstraße 30, 95440
Bayreuth, Germany
*Email: ceciliabanag@gmail.com
Ixora L. belonging to the tribe Ixoreae (Rubiaceae, subfamily Ixoroideae), is a
large pantropical rain forest genus of shrubs and small trees. It comprises ca.
530 species that is presently subject to intensive investigations leading to farreaching systematic changes. In the Philippines, the only available account of
Ixora is an enumeration by Merrill published in 1923 which is more than 85 years
old and outdated due to numerous classification changes in the family
Rubiaceae. To date, species diversity of Ixora in the Philippines remains poorly
known and basic information on species distribution and ecology, taxonomic keys
and diagnostic illustrations are limited. This work aims to fill a gap in our
knowledge of the genus by assessing the phylogenetic relationships of Philippine
representatives of Ixora: 1) using morphological and molecular data, 2) derive
information on environmental requirements of Ixora species endemic to the
Philippines using Maxent, and 3) publish a comprehensive taxonomic revision of
the Philippine Ixora including nomenclatural treatments (lectotypifications) and
new records, full illustrations, distribution maps and keys of the recognized taxa.
Keyword: Ixora, research, Rubiaceae, taxonomy
61
25. MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY AND BARCODING OF THE PHILIPPINE
MYCETIA REINW. (RUBIACEAE) INFERRED FROM MULTIPLE SEQUENCE
DATA
1*
Ulpiano P. de la Bajan, Jr. and Grecebio Jonathan D. Alejandro
1
2
1,2,3
3
The Graduate School, College of Science and Research Center for the Natural and
Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Espana, Manila 1015 Philippines
*Email: jundelabajan@yahoo.com
Mycetia Reinw. (Rubiaceae) is a well-defined monophyletic group of the tribe
Argostemmateae. Prior to the World Rubiaceae Checklist (2007), the Philippines
has two Mycetia species, M. cauliflora Reinw. and M. javanica (Blume) Reinw. ex
Korth. A revisionary work transferred the two remaining Adenosacme species, A.
apoensis and A. mindanaensis, to its synonym Mycetia, thus; resulting to new
combinations: M. apoensis (Elmer) Govaerts and M. mindanaensis (Elmer)
Govaerts, both endemic to our country. To address the imperfectly known
phylogeny of Mycetia, several species of the genus were collected from Negros
Oriental, Camarines Sur, Batanes, Agusan del Norte, Surigao, Camiguin and
Davao. This study involves morphological and molecular assessments using six
DNA markers: rps16 intron, trnL-F, ITS, matK, rbcL and trnH-psbA. Bayesian
analyses showed that M. cauliflora and M. apoensis are sister-taxa while M.
mindanaensis belongs to a separate clade from M. javanica. Morphological
assessments reveal that these four species are distinct from each other.
Interestingly, a species from Agusan del Norte differs in morphology and showed
divergence with a high support. A new divergent species of Philippine Mycetia is
hereby described in this study. The performance of the six DNA markers was
assessed in terms of universality and discriminatory power. The regions rps16
intron and trnL-F showed the highest level of universality in terms of PCR
amplification, sequencing rate and sequence quality. By using analytical
methods in DNA barcoding such as BLAST, distance analyses and ML treebuilding, the markers used were able to identify and discriminate the sampled
species. The rps16 intron and trnL-F yielded the best intra-specific divergence
results while trnH-psbA and ITS showed the best inter-specific divergence
discriminatory ability. In general, rps16 intron and trnL-F are the best barcodes to
study this genus while trnH-psbA and rbcL are good supplemental barcodes to
show a better resolution in the phylogeny of Philippine Mycetia.
Keywords: Mycetia, phylogeny, barcoding, research
62
26. CANCER RESEARCH IN THE PHILIPPINES: IMPACT ON CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
Ma. Luisa D. Enriquez, Ph.D
De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
Email: ma.luisa.enriquez@dlsu.edu.ph
Cancer incidence continues to rise worldwide despite technological advances in
detection, diagnosis and treatment modalities. It is now established that
cancergenesis is a complex and multifactorial process and that aside from
genetics, many factors in the environment contribute to the transformation of
normal cells to malignant cells. Environmental toxicants, whether man-made or
natural, are associated with cancer. Majority of cancer is sporadic, thus
decreasing people’s exposure to environmental cancer-causing agents may
considerably impact cancer incidence. In the Philippines, researches on the
genetics and epigenetics of cancer among Filipinos are slowly increasing.
Dissemination of results of these studies in various fora has greatly increased
cancer awareness in the local setting. A different level of cancer awareness can
be introduced in our educational system, a timely approach as the K-12 is being
implemented. Early education on cancer may start by incorporating in
appropriate subjects in the curriculum (e.g. biology, genetics) basic topics such
as: differences between normal and cancer cells, early detection, lifestyles or
habits that can decrease cancer risk and the deadly effects of cancer. A new
twist to this scheme is the emphasis on Philippine cancer statistics, highlighting
local cancer studies and promotion of functional foods available locally.
Moreover, school policies should be improved to address the needs of students
who have cancer and are undergoing treatment. Holding of cancer awareness
day as a venue for various activities: science symposium, actual sharing of
experiences, photo exhibits, plays and musicals, film showing is highly
recommended. Modern techniques in cancer detection and treatment options
now available in the Philippines should be highlighted. Becoming a scientist
pursuing cancer research as a career option can likewise be promoted.
Hopefully, the idea of cancer prevention rather than cure may have more
meaning to the target population.
Keywords: Cancer, genetics, epigenetics, curriculum
63
27. DRUG-INDUCED APOPTOSIS IN Plasmodium falciparum
J. Enrico H. Lazaro*, Joanne Marie Del Rosario
National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
Quezon City 1101 Philippines
*Email:lazarojay@gmail.com; jaylazaro@mbb.upd.edu.ph
Malaria is one of the deadliest parasitic diseases in tropical countries. Resistance
of the causative agent Plasmodium falciparum to multiple drugs is a growing
threat. New combination regimens are advocated for the treatment of
uncomplicated falciparum malaria. It has been shown here that the antibiotics
telithromycin and tigecycline individually or in combination with the antimalarial
chloroquine inhibited parasite growth in the chloroquine-susceptible strain
Plasmodium falciparum Honduras-1/CDC. Using the DAPI viability Imaging
Assay, the IC50 values (95% confidence interval) for telithromycin (TL),
tigecycline (TG) and chloroquine (CQ) were found to be 0.81 (0.38-1.24) μg/mL,
2.67 (1.36-3.98) μg/mL and 9.74 (4.60-14.88) ng/mL, respectively. Moreover,
drug combinations of TL-CQ at concentrations of 0.94 μg/mL-9.40 ng/mL and
TG-CQ at 3.75 μg/mL- 37.50 ng/mL and 1.88 μg/mL-18.75 ng/mL were found to
exhibit synergism against P. falciparum in culture. The ability to undergo
apoptosis-like cell death, previously thought to be exclusive to multicellular
organisms, has been demonstrated in unicellular parasites. The presence of
caspase-like molecules, nuclear condensation and in situ DNA fragmentation in
parasites at time points reflective of the sequence of events in the apoptosis
program reveals the existence of apoptosis-like cell death features in the P.
falciparum Honduras-1/CDC strain after drug exposure. Findings in this study
should be evaluated in vivo for these drug combinations to be considered as
potential agents for effective antimalarial therapy.
Keywords: research, malaria, plasmodium falciparum
64
28. FEASIBILITY OF BROWN SUGAR AND YEAST SOLUTION AS A
POTENTIAL ORGANIC MOSQUITO TRAP (OMT)
Belinda A. Liwanag
1
1,3*
2,3
3,3
, Maricel N. Valdez , Myra Tansengco
St. Dominic College of Asia, Bacoor City Cavite. 2Philippine Normal University, Taft
Avenue, Manila, 3Deped/Vedasto R. Santiago High School, Salacot, San Miguel, Bulacan.
4
Environment and Biotechnology Division, Industrial Technology Development Institute,
2
Department of Science and Technology, Bicutan, Taguig, Metro Manila; Philippine Normal
University, Taft Avenue, Manila
*Email: belindaliwanag@gmail.com; celnatvaldez@yahoo.com
Mosquitoes, as well as its larvae, are important food for aquatic animals such as
birds, bats, and other arthropods. However, mosquitoes transmit pathogens that
cause some of the worst diseases known, including malaria, yellow fever,
encephalitis and most of all, dengue fever. Sugars are the smallest
carbohydrates containing five to six carbon atoms, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly called yeast, is a single-celled organism
that feeds on glucose, and through fermentation converts carbohydrates to
alcohols while releasing carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon dioxide is attractive to
mosquitoes. Therefore, solution containing sugar and yeast can be used as baits.
This study aimed to examine the feasibility of using brown sugar and yeast
solutions as baits for mosquitoes. Two types of sugar were used -brown sugar
and dark brown sugar. Four mixtures were prepared consisting of the same
amount of water (200 ml) and yeast (1 g) but with different types and amounts of
sugar: 1) 50 g brown sugar, 2) 100 g brown sugar, 3) 50 g dark brown sugar, and
4) 100 g dark brown sugar. Another four mixtures were prepared with the same
quantities of water and sugar but without added yeast, which served as the
negative controls. The mosquito traps were placed in two selected sites inside a
private school and distributed in different corners of the classrooms. Trapped
mosquitoes averaged to 14 and 8.6 for solutions with yeast-100 g dark brown
sugar and yeast-50 g dark brown sugar, respectively. For solutions with yeast100 g brown sugar, and yeast-50 g brown sugar, the average trapped
mosquitoes were 12 and 6, respectively. For the control solutions (without yeast),
the average trapped mosquitoes were 11 for solutions with100 g dark brown
sugar solution, 8 for those with 50 g dark brown sugar, 6 for those with 100 g
brown sugar, and 3 for those with 50 g brown sugar. Comparison of results in
mosquito traps with and without yeast (control) showed that the best organic
mosquito trap is the solution with yeast containing either 100 g or 50 g brown
sugar. Thus, the best solutions are those with yeast containing 50 g and 100 g
brown sugar.
Keywords: brown sugar, yeast, organic mosquito trap, research –applied
sciences
65
29. THE ENCYRTID Comperiella SP.: AN UNTOLD STORY OF NATURAL
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGAINST THE “COCOLISAP” IN SOUTHERN
LUZON
Billy Joel M. Almarinez*, Divina M. Amalin, & Jose Santos R. Carandang VI
De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila
*
Email: billy.almarinez@dlsu.edu.ph
The infestation of the invasive coconut scale insect Aspidiotus rigidus Reyne
(Hemiptera: Diaspididae), locally referred to as “cocolisap”, in coconut plantations
and natural stands in the Southern Luzon provinces of Batangas, Cavite,
Laguna, and Quezon brought devastation that severely threatened the local
coconut industry. First observed in Batangas in 2009, it reached outbreak levels
in the next few years and was consequently recognized and declared as a
national emergency. A new species of a parasitic wasp belonging to genus
Comperiella Howard (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was discovered in a survey for
natural enemies of the “cocolisap” in Calauan, Laguna in the first quarter of 2014.
Field and laboratory observations have confirmed that this Comperiella sp. is a
parasitoid of A. rigidus in all of the surveyed points of Southern Tagalog still
infested by the scale insect. Percent parasitization values ranging from 65 to
92% in the third quarter of 2014 were recorded from field-collected samples.
Results of correlation and linear regression analyses point to host densitydependent parasitism by the encyrtid, further suggesting its potential as an
effective biological control agent against the “cocolisap”. While more studies on
Comperiella sp. are ongoing, current findings also suggest that the recovery of
coconut trees in Southern Luzon may have been greatly aided by natural
biological control.
Keywords: Research in Biology; “cocolisap”; Comperiella sp.; biological control
66
30. Antidesma bunius (BIGNAY) FRUIT EXTRACT AS AN ORGANIC
PESTICIDE AGAINST EPILACHNA SPP
1*
2
Jose M. Giron Jr. , Rosario M. Belmi , Myra L. Tansengco
3
1
Basic Education Department, Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City,
Quezon Province, Philippines
2
Department of Biology, Philippine Normal University, Taft Avenue Manila, Philippines
3
Environment and Biotechnology Division, Industrial Technology Development Institute,
Department of Science & Technology, Bicutan, Taguig Metro Manila, Philippines
*Email: redyeoj_18@yahoo.com
Ladybird (Family Coccinellidae) has been regarded as a serious pest causing
heavy damage to various agricultural crops. The use of effective and natural
pesticide greatly contributed in the control and management of these pets. This
study examined the potential of Antidesma bunius (Bignay) fruit extract as an
organic pesticide against the Epilachna spp., of the family Coccinellidae. This
study would like to promote bio-control methods by considering the potential of
another natural organic pesticide, in this case A. bunius fruit extract that may
effectively eradicate the Mexican bean beetle. The very presence of
phytochemicals as plants’ natural defense motivated the researcher to look into
the possibility of finding a strong pesticide property in A. bunius fruit. A
laboratory-scale experiment was used as positive control and water as negative
control. Each treatment was sprayed on the testing plates and on the cling wrap
cover, and mortality was monitored every 15 minutes for 5 hours. Three trials
were conducted with three replicates each. One-way ANOVA showed that there
is a significant difference in the exhibited MTLs between and within treatments (α
0.05 and 0.01). The recorded MTL of beetles exposed to 100%. A. bunius extract
was relatively close to those exposed to the commercial pesticide compared to
those treated with 50% and 75% A. bunius fruit extracts. The commercial
pesticide registered an average MTL of 10 min while majority of those treated
with pure fruit extract registered a 15 min MTL. Phytochemical analysis of the
fruit extract showed the presence of flavonoids and phenols that might contribute
to its pesticide property. Results of this study indicate that A. bunius fruit extract
can serve as a novel alternative source of organic pesticide and that the pure
crude fruit extract was proven effective against the Epilachna spp.
Keywords: Organic pesticide, Antidesma bunius (Bignay), Ladybird (Family
Coccinellidae)
67
31. HOW SCHOOLS CAN PUSH SCIENCE-BASED MANGROVE
REHABILITATION AND CONSERVATION
Jurgenne H. Primavera
Pew Fellow in Marine Conservation
Scientist Emerita, SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department
Co-Chair, IUCN Mangrove Specialist Group
Chief Mangrove Scientific Advisor, Zoological Society of London
48 Burgos St., La Paz, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines
Email jurgenne.primavera@zsl.org
Mangroves have become the flavor of the month, or even decade in the
aftermath of Supertyphoon Yolanda (and its male predecessors Frank, Ondoy,
Sendong et al) and the Asian tsunami of 2004. Substantial to massive resources
– of money (millions of pesos) and time – of government agencies, NGOs/CSOs,
corporations and even students poured into mangrove planting beg the question:
are the planting protocols science-based? Sadly, majority of these projects are
not; this paper documents the highly popular but ecologially misguided planting
of bakhaw Rhizophora propagules on seagrass beds, as can be seen all over the
Visayan islands and the rest of the archipelago. This widespread practice has
made Cebu the poster island for Tusok d Tongki, Cebuano for “Stick the
Propagule (into the Substrate, generally seagrasses),” referring to the photo
ops- or Guinness-driven quest to plant the most mangroves in the shortest time.
To wit, the 2012 planting of one million mangroves by ~7,000 volunteers over
one hour in Camarines Sur. By contrast, science-based protocols for mangrove
rehabilitation developed by the Community-based Mangrove Rehabilitation
Project of the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) in seven Panay and Guimaras
sites since 2009 are described. These protocols feature planting of nurseryreared piapi Avicennia marina and pagatpat Sonneratia alba seedlings (instead
of bakhaw) in the middle to upper intertidal zone (and not seagrass beds). Such
protocols can be incorporated in science curricula of secondary and tertiary
schools and even the higher grades of primary schools. (Mangrove modules
funded by the Pew Marine Fellows Program have already been available for
Philippine primary and secondary levels since 2009.) The same protocols should
guide the planting exercises of students for their National Service Training
Program (NSTP) and government mangrove projects implemented by SUCs,
e.g., the DENR National Greening Program and the DA-BFAR Philippine
National Aquasilviculture Program.
Keywords: Mangroves, mangrove rehabilitation, mangrove conservation, .
68
32. MANGROVE ECOPARKS AND BARRIERS: CLIMATE CHANGE
MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION
Jurgenne H. Primavera
Pew Fellow in Marine Conservation
Co-Chair, IUCN Mangrove Specialist Group
Chief Mangrove Scientific Advisor, Zoological Society of London
48 Burgos St., La Paz, Iloilo City
Email jurgenne.primavera@zsl.org
The protection of both mature mangrove stands (for carbon sequestration and
growing seafront plantations (for sea level rise) through through ecoparks and
barriers, respectively, are mitigation and adaptation measures for Climate
Change. Mangroves capture C at rates 4-5 times higher than terrestrial forests,
therefore their conservation will ensure the permanent storage of C stocks. The
Katunggan it Ibajay (KII) Mangrove Ecopark in Ibajay, Aklan illustrates such C
capture – from its 1998 “discovery” by SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department
researchers to the protection provided by a 2009 municipal ordinance and official
ecopark launching in 2010. The KII is part of a 100-ha patch mangrove featuring
27 (of a total 35 true mangrove species in the country) and whose crown jewel is
a magnificent Avicennia rumphiana measuring more than 3 m diameter and 8 m
circumference, arguably the biggest mangrove tree in the country. This case
study combines scientific research by SEAFDEC AQD, community organizing by
the Zoological Society of London, infrastructure development funded by a Pew
Fellowship grant, ZSL, the municipal government, national Tourism Authority and
other agencies. Characteristic of Philippine coastlines, the southern end of
Pedada Bay in Ajuy, Iloilo suffers from extreme rates of erosion (associated with
earlier mangrove loss). A barrier in the form of two breakwaters made of locally
sourced rocks and totalling 140 m long was constructed by ZSL to protect young
mangrove seedlings during establishment by reducing wave energy. Over three
years, the substrate has consolidated and increased in level by up to 50 cm,
supporting both natural recruits and planted seedlings at the rate of 3,000/ha.
The processes, protocols and learnings in the establishment of ecoparks and
barriers are applicable to remaining pristine mangrove stands and vulnerable
seafront plantations in the country.
Keywords: mangroves, mangrove ecoparks, mangrove barriers, climate change
69
33. MARINE PLANT COMPOSITION AND ABIOTIC CHARACTERIZATION OF
BEACH RESORTS IN PACIJAN ISLAND, CENTRAL, PHILIPPINES
*
Serapion N. Tanduyan , Ricardo B. Gonzaga, Wilfredo G. Anoos, Homer
Gaciano, Norbero B. Andrade
Cebu Technological University, San Francisco, Campus
*Email: sntanduyan@yahoo.com
Beaches are parts of the marine ecosystem which housed several flora and
fauna for humans and their other related activities. Beach resorts have been
established as tourist destinations most particularly in Camotes Islands. Hence;
this study was conducted to determine the biotic and abiotic characteristics as
basis for possible conservation and enhancement purposes. This study was
conducted in Pacijan Island, one of the three Islands in Camotes. It has
developed 9 beaches namely: Star Beach, Bakhaw Beach, Sunset Vista Beach,
Santiago Beach, Bano Beach Resort, Harbor View, Puertobello Bay, Sea Side
Beach and Mahaba Beach. A transect quadrat method was used, actual
interview of the respondents and field survey were made to gather the data.
Abiotic results shows that the Dissolved Oxygen in the beach resorts Pacijan
0
0
Island ranges from 2.5 – 11.3 (ppm) water temperature 27 C- 34 C, Salinity 2139 ppt; Water Depth 0.5 m – 3 m; transparency 1-3 m; pH 5.0 – 9.1; Soil sizes
range from 100 microns (219-490) 200 microns (1.8-1.29) and 400 microns is
(0.4 to 19). For marine flora results shows that there are 11 species of
seagrasses in Pacijan Island and 27 species of macrobenthic algae.
Keywords: Marine plant, abiotic characterization and Pacijan Island
70
34. PEOPLE’S ACTIVITIES IN LAKE DANAO, PACIJAN ISLAND, CEBU,
PHILIPPINES
Serapion N. Tanduyan*, Gabriel T. Muaña, Sherlyn M. Abellanosa,Eva P. Muana
and Erikson N. Tampus
Cebu Technological University, San Francisco, Campus
*Email: sntanduyan@yahoo.com
Pacijan Island was blessed to have Lake Danao as the largest and cleanest lake
throughout Region 7 and one to the tourist destinations in Camotes islands The
study on people’s activity was made to find out their effects to the lake as well as
their nature, problems and solutions. Actual interview with the respondents and
visits in the lake Danao and workplace of the respondents was using an interview
guide to gather data throughout the barangays surrounding the lake namely,
Northern Poblacion, Sta. Cruz, Cabunga-an, Esperanza, Union and Campo.
Results as to capture fisheries show that pole and line dominates as the fishing
gears throughout the six barangays followed by spear fishing, fish pots, drag
seine and gillnet. Fishes caught are tilapia, mudfish, freshwater catfish, climbing
perch, therapon, shrimps and goby. Aquaculture activities were only done by the
BFAR-7 and D.A- Municipal Office. Post harvest processing of caught fishes
were drying, frying, pickled, stewed, broiled and tinola. Agricultural activities are
planting corn, rice, coconut, cassava, vegetables, and raising cow and chicken.
Recreational activities and business includes the construction and operation of
White Lake Park, bike trail, and sakanaw. Conservation and sustainability of
Lake Danao as an aquatic site involves Lake Danao Clean-up, cleaning the area
and tree planting. Problems encountered are stealing of caught fish in fishpots,
restricting fishing, using gillnets becomes a problem because fishing is the major
livelihood of the people. Soli-soli weavers have no specific areas for gathering
the raw materials. Rainy season becomes their problem because the soli-soli is
not thoroughly and immediately dried resulting to poor quality of the product.
Perceptions as to the conditions of the lake show that during summer months,
water is shallower and during rainy days the water is very deep. Crocodiles,
leeches and land turtles are already gone and replaced by therapons. Species of
birds are diminishing due to disturbance and hurting of birds, which were stopped
for the last 10 years. The space for the lake becomes large because the
inhabitants cleaned the lake.
Keywords: Lake Danao, People’s activities, Cebu, Tourist destinations
71
35. DAANBANTAYAN AS ECOTOURISM DESTINATION
Christine Castueras Mabulay
Cebu Technological University, Daanbantayan Campus
Daanbantayan, Cebu 6013
Email: tetenmabulay@yahoo.com
The study aimed to evaluate opportunities for small businesses in the ecotourism
and hospitality industries that could accelerate learning experiences and
appreciation of the natural environment to attain environmentally and socioculturally sustainable outcomes as well as financial viability. Ecotourism and
nature tourism have grown 20%-30% per year, since the 1990’s and this growth
is three times greater than the traditional tourism industry in 2004 (Cebu Province
Official Website). Visitors spending have a significant impact on the local
economy and job opportunities; thus, contributed to the local residents’ personal
income and added jobs as well. This study suggests that tourism and ecotourism
has significant potential in Daanbantayan. In order to give empirical support to
this analysis, a literature review was done to identify ecotourism concepts and
definitions and related information. Ecotourism development was also reviewed
and identified ecotourism businesses, the characteristics and activities, and their
needs and concerns through emailed link to a web site, first class mail, by phone,
and personal interview to 20 companies identified as ecotourism businesses of
Daanbantayan. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results
show that most of the business establishments identified as ecotourism
companies provide environmental education to their customers and are
committed to achieving sustainability goals. They are facing regulatory barriers
and the lack of adequate financial capacity to grow. Ecotourism businesses face
various kinds of barriers to provide their services and products, since companies
are small and financial capacities to maintain and grow their businesses are low.
The responding companies included the lack of support from the local
government and neighborhoods. Recommendations were suggested like
developing ecotourism education/awareness programs, creation of a strategic
marketing program, and develop incentive programs.
Keywords: Ecotourism, Ecotourism companies, Traditional tourism industry,
Environmental education
72
SEMINAR LECTURES
- PEDAGOGICAL RESEARCH Competing Papers
1. MENTAL MODELS OF PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS: A BASIS FOR
CURRICULAR ENHANCEMENT IN SCIENCE TEACHING
Noel M. Capulong
Science Cluster Head, Department of Arts, Sciences, and Teacher Education
City College of Calamba
Email: noelcapulong@yahoo.com
Science education is indispensable in the Philippine educational system. Its
significance transgresses almost all fields of academic discipline. In the field of
biology education, mental perspectives of students need to be aligned with the
aims of Science education curriculum. Consistent with the policy of the state to
provide quality and relevant education is the upgrading of Science teaching
especially in the context of the full implementation of the K-12 science
curriculum. Vital to the learner-centered Science teaching is the determination of
the mental models of pre-service teachers in the country. The study determines
the kind of mental models do the pre-service elementary teachers in the City
College of Calamba have through the use of the Draw-A-Science-Teacher Test –
st
th
Checklist (DASTT-C) instrument. Students from 1 year to 4 year elementary
education students were the respondents of the study. In this test, students were
asked to draw a picture of a Science teacher at work and explain in writing the
meanings of their illustrations in terms of what the teacher and students are
doing. Utilizing relational method of research, the quantitative data from the
scores obtained in their drawing visualizations were recorded. Qualitative
responses of the respondents were compared and analyzed from the drawn
mental perspective. Results obtained concluded that majority of the pre-service
elementary teachers have conceptual mental model. Some of their mental
models are exploratory and explicit. Surprisingly, statistical analyses confirmed
that the respondents’ gender, year level, and monthly family income have no
significant difference with their mental models. Based from the results and
conclusions of the study, the researcher proposed a curriculum outline
amendment to the existing BEEd curriculum (CHED CMO 30 s. 2004) and school
improvement action plan for Science curriculum improvement.
Keywords: mental models, K-12 science curriculum, DASTT-C, biology education
73
2. PUNTO BY PUNTO! DEVELOPING A CLASSROOM-BASED SCIENCE
EDITORIAL TO TEACH KEY ISSUES IN MICROBIOLOGY
Thomas Edison E. dela Cruz
1
1,2
and BrynaThezza D. Leaño
2
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and
Fungal Biodiversity and Systematics Group, Research Center for the Natural and Applied
Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España 1015 Manila, Philippines
Email: brynathezzaleano@yahoo.com,ph
2
Learning science can only be meaningful to students if they can relate scientific
ideas with real-world situations. Teachers are thus encouraged to conduct class
activities where students can see the “relevance of meaning”. We developed a
class activity that aims to understand and provide opinions on key issues and
concerns related to microbiology. Dubbed as “Punto by Punto: A MicroEditorial
on GMOs”, 31 undergraduate and 16 graduate students of microbiology were
tasked to learn more about concepts, principles and techniques in developing
genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and issues related to it. Then, as a takehome task, students prepared in a paper an editorial cartoon in a newspaper
format. Students were also asked to write a 300-word editorial comment
explaining the developed editorial cartoon. At the end of the activity, a survey
questionnaire was given to the students to evaluate. Most of the students
strongly agreed that the class activity helped them appreciate, learn and
understand the importance of GMOs in our society. The activity also developed
their creative writing and drawing skills. It also increased their awareness on
issues or concerns related to GMOs. In this presentation, we will elaborate how
the activity was conducted by our undergraduate and graduate students. We will
also share more of the results of the perception survey of the conducted takehome task.
Keywords: Classroom activities, Newspaper, Pedagogy
74
3. VISSER: MODERNIZING PHILIPPINE SCIENCE TEACHING
LABORATORIES
Giovanni A. Tapang
National Institute of Physics, College of Science, University of the Philippines-Diliman
Engagement of students through hands-on experiments greatly enhances their
understanding and learning of science and technology. In the Philippines,
science teaching laboratories is designed to accompany lecture discussions in
secondary and tertiary schools. These laboratory components aim to
demonstrate scientific concepts through experimentation and analysis. With the
implementation of the K to 12 program, there is a pressing need to improve the
quality of Philippine science education. However, our secondary and tertiary
schools currently lack sufficient laboratory equipment to carry out significant
scientific experiments. We report on the progress of the Versatile Instrumentation
System for Science Education System (VISSER) project of the DOST and the UP
Emerging Interdisciplinary Research program that aims to address this problem
by putting modern technology in school laboratories. We accomplish this through
developing a home-grown microcontroller-based handheld device, sensor setups, and an accompanying set of learning modules. VISSER has completed the
development of 61 handheld devices, 61 sensor set-ups, and modules for
biology, environmental science, chemistry, physics, and engineering. Pilot tests
of the experiments have been done in different public and private high schools in
6 key areas in the Philippines (NCR, Iligan City, Davao, Bicol, Baguio, and
Mindoro). Evaluation done by teachers and students in the participating schools
have shown that the VISSER handheld, set-ups, and modules have
demonstrated that scientific experiments reinforced the students' understanding
of scientific concepts taught in the classroom not only in biology but in other
fields of science as well.
Keywords: Science teaching laboratories, Versatile Instrumentation System for
Science Education System (VISSER)
75
4. IMPLEMENTATION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING
AND MATHEMATICS (STEM) PROGRAM IN DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY –
INTEGRATED SCHOOL: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR
LASALLIAN STUDENTS AND EDUCATORS
Christopher Alexis A. Belison
De La Salle University – Integrated School
Email: chrisbelison@gmail.com
The reformed Philippine Education Curriculum paved the way for the
implementation of the Science and Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
(STEM) curriculum in the secondary level. De La Salle University – Integrated
School introduced the program to grade 7 during AY 2014 – 2015 and the STEM
classes replaced the science electives. All 209 grade 7 students took a qualifying
test in both Science and Math and were clustered based on their competencies
in both subject areas. STEM classes were administered two hours per week (one
hour for Science, and one hour for Math), with varying activities and modes of
lesson delivery well suited for each cluster or STEM section. Each Lasallian
educator tasked to handle a STEM section was encouraged to build a custom
lesson plan that would give the students a chance to understand better the
concepts they have learned from the Science 7 and Math 7 curricula,
respectively. STEM classes reinforced the students’ knowledge about the subject
matter by participating in more activities that show practical application of the
concepts.
Keywords: K-12, STEM, General Science
76
5. TEACHING BIOLOGY IN THE 21ST CENTURY: PERSPECTIVES AND
INITIATIVES OF STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS AT THE DMMMSU-NLUC
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Jomar L. Aban
Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – North La Union Campus
Email: jomar_d2@yahoo.com
DMMMSU, a premier state university in the north, is very vigilant in developing
their manpower competencies particularly in the field of Biology. In collegiate
instruction, both the instructors and the students are stakeholders. When
evaluating the effectiveness of different teaching strategies, these stakeholders
must be recognized. This research intends is to collect and analyze sufficient
data to understand the perspectives and initiatives of students and instructors,
who served as respondents, regarding different Biology teaching strategies in
DMMMSU-NLUC College of Education. Six commonly used and widely accepted
teaching strategies in Biology were studied: cooperative learning, inquiry-based
method, lecture method, mastery learning, learning with emphasis to
communication skills, and project-based method. These teaching strategies were
also evaluated when respondents were grouped to various demographic data.
Mean averages of the variables were computed and were compared using t-test,
ANOVA (one factor), and ANOVA (two factor). Comparison among means with
significant differences was computed using Tukey’s test. It was found that those
instructors with higher educational attainment, greater number of hours of
seminars, and more access to web and journal references attended tend to have
greater initiative to utilize various teaching strategies in Biology. Although the
result is not statistically significant, it can be noted that student-based teaching
strategies were more accepted than teacher-based methods of instruction in the
context of students’ perspectives. The extent of practice of the different teaching
strategies were also observed to be based on the tenure, teaching experience
and age of respondents wherein those that have been more tenure in the
teaching profession still greatly prefer the lecture method in teaching Biology,
however, those who are new in teaching and those included in the younger
generation prefer to use cooperative, inquiry-based and project-based method.
Higher GPA was noted on students who perceive that their instructors utilize
student-centered approach.
Keywords: Pedagogical practices, DMMMSU-NLUC, Teaching strategies,
Biology instruction
77
6. CARBON FOOTPRINT INVENTORY: NWU’S BENCHMARK FOR FUTURE
ALTERNATIVES
Dr. Elsie C. Pilar
Engr. Rolly Ramos
Northwestern University
Email: nwuresearch@gmail.com; pingaor@yahoo.com
Climate change is already a reality. It affects the present and even the future
generations. It is caused primarily by the production and introduction of carbon
dioxide into the earth’s atmosphere. Therefore, a logical step towards addressing
the problem is to minimize carbon dioxide emissions. Footprints offer clues about
where one came from and where they are headed. The impressions tell
something about the animals that leave them. But while actual footprints offer
details on size, weight and speed, carbon footprints measure how much carbon
dioxide (CO2) is produced just by going about daily lives. The study aims to
calculate the carbon footprint of Northwestern University that would serve as a
benchmark in planning for future alternatives for a sustainable eco-friendly
school. Specifically, it will find answers to the following questions: 1) How many
units of CO2does NWU generate from vehicles, transportation, energy, and
waste?; 2) What is the estimated annual carbon dioxide gas emissions (also
known as carbon footprint) of NWU?; 3) Based from the estimated annual
carbon footprint of NWU, what is the level of carbon footprint, in metric tons, per
person?; 4) What alternatives can be done by NWU to reduce its the annual
carbon emissions? This is basically a descriptive design where data would be
taken from the documents from concerned offices and employees of
Northwestern University. The study included the common sources of CO 2
emission identified in the problem such as the vehicles, transportation, annual
energy consumption and waste generated by the university for the AY 20122013. The data on transportation were gathered from the employees and
students using a questionnaire patterned after the WWF Philippines Footprint
Calculator (wwf.org.ph/wwf3/climate/footprint). Items were revised to suit the
setting of the study. Based from the computations, the carbon footprint of NWU
for school year 2012 to 2013 is 4. 03 metric tons per person with a verbal
description of high in a scale of 4 from 0 (Low) to 12.41+ (very high)]. Actions to
reduce the CO2 emission has to be done as contribution of NWU in mitigating the
climate change.
Keywords: carbon, carbon footprint, inventory, alternatives
78
7. PROMOTING PARTICIPATION OF FILIPINO COLLEGE STUDENTS IN
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: THE STS-5E PEDAGOGY
1,*
2
Moises Norman Z. Garcia , Maria Rosario Virginia S. Cobar-Garcia , Lily F.
2
Famadico
1
University of Santo Tomas - Alfredo M. Velayo College of Accountancy, Manila,
Philippines
2
University of Santo Tomas College of Nursing, Manila, Philippines
*Email: normanzgarcia@yahoo.com
The research is an interventional, purposive, single-group design that
investigated the effectiveness of a novel instruction through a pre-test and posttest survey. The pedagogical intervention using a module developed by the
researcher, integrates the STS Issue Investigation and Action Instruction of Rye
and Rubba with the 5E instructional Model of Bybee et. al. that is, the STS-5E
instruction. The aim of the intervention is to promote the participation of Filipino
College students in biodiversity conservation through the enhancement or
development of the learners’: (1) Conceptual understanding about basic Ecology,
(2) Ecological beliefs and worldviews, (3) Attitude towards nature, (4) Empathy
towards environmental degradation, (5) Self-efficacy on conservation, and (6)
Willingness to participate in conservation efforts. Participants involved in the
study were 238 first year college students from a comprehensive university in the
city of Manila. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, e.g., t-test, and
Cohen’s effect size results revealed that there is significant difference between
the learners’ pre- and posttest survey scores. Also, results showed a slight to
moderate increase of the mean scores of the mentioned variables during posttest. Thus, the findings suggest that the STS-5E instruction is somehow effective
in promoting students’ participation in biodiversity conservation. This study can
provide insights as to how environmental awareness through RA 9512 (The
National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008) can effectively be
integrated into the natural science curriculum in the tertiary level. This is to
prompt the Filipino youth to participate in conservation efforts if confronted with
environmental issues like biodiversity loss and climate change.
Keywords: Pedagogy, STS- 5E, conceptual understanding, empathy
79
8. ASP-EBE PEDAGOGY: AN INSTRUCTION TO PROMOTE BIODIVERSITY
CONSERVATION AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS
Maria Rosario Virginia S. Cobar-Garcia*, Moises Norman Z. Garcia , Lily F.
Famadico
1
Philippines
*Email: bing2garcia@yahoo.com
2
This study investigates the effectiveness of a unique mode of instruction that
highlights the 5E model-aided Environment-Based Education (EBE);
conceptualized to operate within the context of non-formal education which is the
After-School Program (ASP). The primary aim of the ASP-EBE pedagogy is to
promote biodiversity conservation among college students through the
enhancement and/or development of the learners’ conceptual understanding on
biodiversity conservation and other variables on study: pro-ecological beliefs,
pro-ecological attitude, pro-ecological empathy, pro-ecological self-efficacy and
pro-ecological behavioral intentions. The study utilized an interventional, single
group design, wherein, the learners (n=124) were purposively chosen. As the
activities and experiences in the module are not part of their curriculum, the
learners who worked in groups, were monitored only before and after each phase
of the learning cycle. Scores from the pre- and post-test surveys were analyzed
via descriptive and inferential statistics, e.g., t-test, and Cohen’s effect size.
Results showed that there is significant difference between the learners’ pre-and
post-test survey scores after the using the module. In addition, the results
generally showed a slight to moderate increase in the mean scores of the said
variables. The findings suggest that the pedagogy is somewhat effective in
improving learners’ conceptual understanding on biodiversity conservation, their
pro-ecological beliefs, pro-ecological attitude, pro-ecological empathy, proecological self-efficacy and pro-ecological behavioral intentions. The results of
the study can provide solutions into bridging the gaps among the: (a)
development of a non-formal educational program for environmental education;
(b) higher education’s strict compliance with RA 9512; and (c) in conserving
biodiversity that will address climate change and food security problems in the
Philippines.
Keywords: Pedagogy, After-School Program, Environment-Based Education,
Biodiversity conservation
80
9. SCHOOL-RELATED FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE DELIVERY
ENHANCEMENT OF THE SPECIAL SCIENCE PROGRAM IN WESTERN
VISAYAS, PHILIPPINES
1*
Porferio S. Bangcaya , Grecebio Jonathan D. Alejandro
2*
1
College of Teacher Education, Biological Science Department, University of Antique,
Tibiao Campus, 5707 Antique, Philippines.
2
College of Science and The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Espana, 1015,
Manila, Philippines
*Email: psbangcaya.ua@gmail.com
In this mixed-method study, the secondary schools in Western Visayas,
Philippines offering special science program (SSP) were assessed as basis for
delivery enhancement. The SSP along student-related factors and the extent of
implementation in the areas of curriculum and instruction, laboratory facilities,
and administration in terms of the different classification of Philippines’
Department of Education (DepED) were evaluated. A survey instrument was
used to gather information from the principals, department heads, science and
mathematics teachers handling special science classes, property or laboratory
custodians representing nine participating special science classes (SSC) in
Western Visayas. Descriptive analysis was done using percentage, mean and
standard deviation shown in graphs and tables. Results of the study revealed
that the National Achievement Test mean percentage score of the students for
the last three years had an irregular trend and majority of students’ participation
in science-related activities was in the regional level. There was a high extent of
implementation along the areas of curriculum and instruction and administrative
support. The common problem encountered by teachers was the lack of
laboratory facilities that were described insufficient while the library resources
were sufficient.
Keywords: special science program, delivery enhancement, national
achievement test, curriculum and instruction, laboratory facilities
81
10. CREATIVE WRITING: NEWSPAPER WRITING AS AN ALTERNATIVE
TOOL IN ASSESSING THE GRADE 8 STUDENTS OF DLSU INTEGRATED
SCHOOL IN UNDERSTANDING HUMAN ANATOMY
Mary Grace G. Acierto
De La Salle University Integrated School
Email: mary.grace.acierto@dlsu.edu.ph
Assessment is a very hot topic in the field of education. One of the key goals of
pedagogical research is to find ways to get students more hooked on learning
and less interested in the letter grade. Creative writing is used to express
someone's feelings, thoughts and emotions. This is commonly used by the
English teachers to assess their students in areas of poetry writing, fiction and
non-fiction writing and more. But this form of assessment may not be limited to
the English teachers alone. It can be a good technique in assessing grade 8
students who are taking up Science especially in the field of Biology. One good
example of creative writing is making a newspaper. This involves almost all the
facets of multiple intelligences. This assessment will not limit the students in
simply giving the necessary information or the things they have learned in human
anatomy. Newspaper writing is written not just to educate someone but also to
entertain. This assessment tool can serve a critical role in helping grade 8
students to focus on intensifying their minds through reading and discussion,
clarifying their own thinking through writing, and broadening their creative
horizons. The best way to teach is the way that makes sense to you, your
learners and your community. Therefore newspaper writing is a good tool in
assessing their learnings in Biology especially human anatomy. Let us not limit
our students’ capabilities to explore more and develop not just their cognitive
skills, but rather make them holistically ready to face the challenges of today’s
century.
Keywords: Assessment, Creative writing, Newspaper writing, Human anatomy
82
11. THE EFFECTS OF REMEDIAL PROGRAMS ON THE STUDY OF LIVING
THINGS IN THE SCIENCE ACHIEVEMENT OF GRADE 2 STUDENTS
Patricia C. Trivino
De La Salle University-Integrated School
Laguna Boulevard, LTI Spine Road, Barangays Biñan and Malamig, Biñan City, Laguna
Email: patricia.trivino@dlsu.edu.ph
Academic underachievement among students remains to be one of the major
concerns of schools and parents. While there are students who excel and are
able to perform according to expected standards, there are also others who have
difficulties in the learning process. In order to assist these students and help
overcome their difficulties so that they may achieve academic success, a special
provision in the form of an instruction reinforcement program should be made
available to them. This study aims to examine the effects of six weeks of
participation in a Remedial Program on the Science achievement of young
students particularly on the core content about living things. For this case study,
two subjects (n=2 boys) of a private school in an urban setting will be observed
during the 3rd Trimester of Academic Year 2014-2015. Teacher-made
assessments, student interviews and anecdotal records will be used to collect
actual data. A comparison of the pre-test and post-test results and analysis of the
interviews and teacher’s anecdotal records will be conducted after the
intervention period. Data analysis results will hopefully answer the question on
the effects of remedial programs in raising the Science competence of Grade 2
students on the study of living things.
Keywords: Remedial program, Science, Instruction reinforcement, Pedagogical
practices
83
12. PAUSING FOR UNDERSTANDING: AN ACTION RESEARCH ON THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF QUESTIONING WAIT TIME AND ITS EFFECT TO
STUDENTS’ RESPONSES IN A GRADE 2 SCIENCE CLASS
Raymund G. Endriga
De La Salle University Integrated School
Email: raymund.endriga@dlsu.edu.ph
Wait time has been defined as the pauses in between speakers during a
discourse. In most instances, studies have shown that the wait time provided
after a question has been asked by the teacher provides enough time for the
student to think and process his answers prior to responding to the teacher.
Likewise, another intended wait time after the student has responded and before
the teacher reacts to what has been said provides a leeway for the student to
analyze his initial answer and, perhaps, opt to expound or revise his answer
accordingly. Either way, the goal of wait time is to make the student formulate
and express more appropriate answers to a particular inquiry through an ideal 3
second thought processing time. In this particular action research, the wait time
process is being tested in a Grade 2 Science class. The sustainability of
implementation has been found to be difficult as the teacher only averages a 1
second pause most of the time during the duration of the research. In certain
acceptable and qualified recorded wait times, the quality of student response
gained has been analyzed and described and was shown to have met the
standard needed to answer Knowledge, Process Skill and Understanding
questions. Particular contributory factors to wait time success and limitations
such as teacher training, recording device used, classroom management,
transcribing skills and student orientation have been identified as well to help
better the succeeding actions in the future.
Keywords: Wait time, Pausing for understanding, Science class, Pedagogical
approach
84
13. LEAST LEARNED COMPETENCIES IN SCIENCE AMONG GRADE 7
STUDENTS: A BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEARNING RESOURCE
MATERIAL
Loida S. Otico
Bondoc Peninsula Agricultural High School
Brgy. Santa Rosa, Mulanay, Quezon
Email: loida.solomon@yahoo.com
Students’ performance in National Achievement Test shows that Science
continues to be the most difficult field of study in basic education. This study
focused on identification of least learned competencies among Grade 7 students
as basis for development of learning resource material. It aimed to achieve the
following: to identify the least learned competencies in Science among Grade 7
students; to develop a learning resource material based on identified least
learned competencies; to compare the profile of the control and experimental
groups in terms of first quarter science rating and pre-test score; to find out the
significant difference between post-test scores of experimental and control
groups; and to determine the level of interest of Grade 7 students on the
developed learning resource material. The identification of the least learned
competencies was achieved through the use of Science Learning Competencybased Test in a group of 200 Grade 8 students chosen through cluster random
sampling. The study revealed that least learned competencies were evident on
Acids and Bases, Heredity: Inheritance and Variation, Electricity and on Seasons
and Eclipses. The 5E’s Learning Resource Material for Heredity: Inheritance and
Variation was developed and the effectiveness was tested by comparing posttest results of the two groups which were selected through matched pair. The
control and experimental groups are equivalent in terms of First quarter science
rating and pre-test scores as revealed through t-test for independent samples. A
significant difference is observed upon the analysis of post-test scores in favor of
the experimental group. The students who used the developed learning tool
found the learning resource material very interesting. Therefore, the developed
learning resource material is effective to enhance the mastery of least learned
competencies and gained the interest of students. Thus, it is ready for adoption
and use by Grade 7 science teachers and students.
Keywords: Science competencies, Grade 7, Learning resource materials
85
14. CORRELATES OF LEARNING STYLES OF THE BS PHARMACY
FRESHMEN ENROLLED IN BOTANY AT ANGELES UNIVERSITY
FOUNDATION
1
1
1
1
Zenaida F. Mergal , Filipinas L. Bognot , Evelyn E. Goce , Lani G. Tabangay ,
2
Madonna Valenzuela
1
College of Arts & Science, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines
Center for Research and Development, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City,
Philippines
Email:ryzen828@yahoo.com
2
The study focused on the assessment of the learning styles of the BS Pharmacy
freshmen enrolled in Botany subject. Identified learning styles were correlated
with students’ gender, performance ratings and their evaluation of classroom
instruction. This study was conducted at Angeles University Foundation. Honey
and Mumford’s Learning Styles Questionnaire was used in assessing the
learning styles of the respondents. Student Tool in Evaluating Faculty Members’
Teaching Performance was utilized in evaluating instructional management.
Documentary analysis was done as basis for the performance ratings of the
students. Results showed that majority of the BS Pharmacy freshmen responded
effectively in class. This means teachers used instructional plans tailored for their
own classroom practice. They have data-rich, daily instructional planning
instrument that reflects their current planning practices. In terms of learning style
preferences, students were mostly reflectors followed by theorists, pragmatists,
and activists. There was no significant relationship between their learning style
preferences and their gender. On the other hand, significant relationship was
noted between the learning style preferences of the respondents and their
performance ratings and instructional management assessment in Botany as a
subject. The researchers found it very important to assess the learning styles of
the BS Pharmacy freshmen. In the light of the K-12 program, this study will guide
instructors in matching their teaching styles with the student’s learning styles
using appropriate strategies for accommodating learning, for implementing
student involvement in the learning process, and providing a foundation that can
build interaction with the students. Furthermore, a class summary could be
prepared so that students with similar learning styles can be grouped together for
them to produce valued output in their projects and experiments.
Keywords: Learning styles, Student performance ratings, Instructional
management, Pedagogical practices
86
15. EXPLORING A MULTI-MODAL APPROACH IN TEACHING THE LIGHTINDEPENDENT REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS TO HIGH SCHOOL
STUDENTS
Ester Abito, Emmanuel Delocado, Kaybee de Ocampo, Maria Cristina Galban,
Richard Deanne Sagun, Dean Erick Urbina*
Ateneo de Manila High School, Loyola Heights, Quezon City, Philippines
*Email: rsagun@ateneo.edu
Students in the secondary level often find it difficult to trace and visualize the
different reactions taking place during photosynthesis process. Most of them rely
on the information and two-dimensional graphical models presented in printed
reference materials. However, they still encounter confusion in grasping and
understanding the stages and series of reactions happening inside the
chloroplast of a plant cell; making it a highly abstract concept to learn. The paper
presents the details and results of a lesson study conducted focusing on the
light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. The goal of the study is to develop
an activity that will engage students to identify and explore the significant stages
included in the light-independent reactions. Moreover, the activity conforms to the
multi-modal representations framework allowing students to create models in
order to relate abstract scientific processes and concepts. This approach allows
maximization of representational opportunities for learners to develop conceptual
understandings in science. The participants in the study include two sections of
Grade 10 level enrolled in a regular biology program. The participants were
divided into groups and were given materials that will be used to represent
molecules, reactions, and products in the light-dependent reactions.
Subsequently, the participants were asked to give their feedbacks and insights
about the activity they have engaged in. A focused-group discussion inviting
randomly selected participants was also conducted to elicit further responses that
will validate the feedbacks given. Results show that the multi-modal approach
activity aided them to visualize and trace how the light-independent reactions
take place inside the plant cell. Moreover, the activity served as an opportunity
for the participants to work and to collaborate as a group in creating models to
represent the light-independent reactions.
Key words: Multi-modal approach, Photosynthesis, Pedagogical practices,
Teaching biology
87
16. STUDENTS’ AWARENESS AND PERCEPTIONS OF MEDICINAL
PLANTS: A CASE STUDY
Arnold D. Pitpitunge
Philippine Science High School – Central Luzon Campus, Clark Freeport Zone Pampanga
Email: dum_ang@yahoo.com
Medicinal plants are still utilized in many parts of the country to cure common
ailments. With the advances of research and technology, traditional knowledge
which is essential in the utilization and conservation of medicinal plants continue
to decline. To determine the existence of traditional knowledge among students,
ninety (90) purposively selected science high school students answered a survey
questionnaire on herbal medicine and selected students were interviewed. The
result shows that the students are aware about herbal plants and natural
products. However, their knowledge is limited to medicinal plants that are
common in the market and in the environment like ampalaya, bayabas,
kalamansi, luya, malungay, and oregano.
Even though most of them
experienced using medicinal plants with the help of elders in their family, they
had very low knowledge on herbal medicine preparation and uses. Conservation
of herbal plants as alternative source of medicines through propagation and
protection of their environments are the best ways that the students perceived.
Most students believe that traditional knowledge should be learned and taught to
the young generation because it is a part of the Filipino culture. They believe that
preservation of medicinal plant knowledge and practices is essential for the
utilization of herbal plants and for future researches. The awareness of the
students on medicinal plants indicates transfer of traditional knowledge among
them. However, there is a need to strengthen the students’ knowledge,
understanding and acceptance of the different herbal medicines.
Keywords: Research, traditional knowledge, medicinal plants, awareness
88
17. CREATIVE DRAMA APPROACH: A TOOL IN THE ENHANCEMENT OF
SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS, ATTITUDES AND SKILLS OF STUDENTS IN
LUDICSA SCHOOLS
Luzviminda G. Calzado
Sacred Heart College, Lucena City
Email: shc@shc.edu.ph
Science plays a significant role in man’s life. Scientific inventions have provided
for most of man’s basic needs and scientific discoveries have brought
tremendous impact on man’s development, one is through research specifically
in the acquisition of scientific concepts, values and skills in teaching selected
lessons on biology through creative drama approach. The purpose of the study
was to determine whether creative drama approaches help enhance instruction
of Scientific concepts, attitudes and skills in LUDICSA Schools. The creative
learning activities evaluated in the study included role-playing, dramatization,
storytelling, dialogue, simulation and choral reading. Respondents’ perceptions
were drawn using descriptive survey method. A validated questionnaire was
employed to gather needed data from the three groups of respondents, namely,
high school students; science teachers and school administrators. Data were
analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, weighted means, standard
deviation and analysis of variance. Results show that specific creative learning
activities that respondents found to be most useful in enhancing instruction of
scientific concepts, skills and attitudes included role playing, dramatization,
storytelling, simulation, dialogue and choral reading. In addition the selected
topics in Biology were suited or appropriate to a particular creative learning
activity vary. While there may be some problems encountered by students and
teachers in the use of creative drama, these were offset by coping mechanisms
usually initiated by the teachers. The effects of creative drama approach in
enhancing scientific concepts, attitudes, and skills varied among the three groups
of respondents. Of the 20 perceived effects, “becoming more resourceful” and
becoming an efficient and effective oral reader” generated the highest overall
ranking of 19.5 and mean score of 2.64. These were followed by “becoming more
sociable” and “becoming open-minded” with an overall ranking of 14.5 and mean
score of 2.69. The results of the study were used as bases to formulate
recommendations that revolve around the effective drama approach or learning
activities for enhancing Biological instruction.
Keywords: Creative drama approach, Scientific concepts, Scientific attitudes,
Scientific skills
89
18. INVESTIGATING STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE USE OF THE
TABLET TECHNOLOGY IN THE CLASSROOM
Mary Geraldine C. Yumang
De La Salle Integrated School
Email: mary.geraldine.yumang@dlsu.edu.ph
A few schools in the Philippines started implementing tablet technology in the
classrooms in an effort to globalize student learning. In spite of their rapid
implementation, only a few studies have examined the scope on how students
view the use of tablets inside the classroom. Understanding the role of students’
perception on this type of learning technology is a crucial component on how
teachers will implement classroom settings and activities for tablets to enhance
learning. This research describes on how a tablet is viewed from the student’s
perspective in relation to its actual role as instructed by the school. Based on a 5point Likert survey conducted at De La Salle University Integrated School, the
following topics are reported and discussed: (1) Student’s tablet usage (2) Sites
often visited (3) Uses of tablet (4) Role of tablet as instructed. Students who
characterized themselves as tech-savvy reported significantly greater levels of
engagement. They were more likely to use the tablets for research, social apps
and electronic books. Parents also play a role in controlling the sites and apps
found in the tablet. Furthermore, a number of students who initially described
themselves as somewhat uncomfortable with learning technology reported an
interest in continuing to explore the tablet.
Keywords: tablet, technology, student perceptions
90
POSTER PAPERS
- BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH (P1)AIR POLLUTION TOLERANCE INDEX AND STOMATA SIZE SELECTED
PLANTS AND INDICATOR OF AIR POLLUTION
1
1
1
Guia, Ma. Ysabella C. , Nerissa B. Aguilar , Christian Dahnuel A. Daroya ,
1,2,3
1,2,3
Arman Khajehi, Teresa R. Perez
and Maricar W. Ching
*
1
School of Science and Technology, Centro Escolar University, Manila
Graduate School, Centro Escolar University, Manila
3
Biological Sciences Department, Centro Escolar University, Manila
*Email: cindywiscoching@gmail.com
2
The role of plants as bioindicator of pollution is to assess changes in the
environment. Air pollution has become an extremely serious environmental
problem. This study aimed to determine plants species which demonstrate
increased tolerance to air pollution based on standard pollution indices. The
results of this study will determine various plants which can be used as indicator
of urban pollution. Plants growing in polluted areas in Metro Manila which
includes trees and shrubs were selected based on the recommendation of the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Leaves were tested for Air
Pollution of Tolerance Index (APTI) which includes four biochemical parameters
namely pH, Total Chlorophyll Content (TCH), Relative Water Content (RWC),
Ascorbic Acid Content (AA), stomatal size was also determined using epidermal
imprinting and microscopic examination. APTI results of various plants namely
Diospyros blancoi, Mangifera indica, Vitex parviflora, Pseuderanthemum
reticulatum, Pedilanthus tithymaloides, Turnera Ulmifolia showed that there is an
increased APTI value among plants grown in urban area as compared to those in
rural provinces. Specifically, Mangifera indica and Vitex parviflora among the
trees and Pedilanthus tithymaloides from the shrubs demonstrated the highest
APTI value, which indicates increased tolerance to air pollution. Moreover,
microscopic examination of stomata showed decrease in stomata size of plants
grown in urban areas. The results presented herewith conformed with previous
studies which indicated that the stomata size contribute to coping mechanism of
plants grown in polluted areas. In conclusion this study showed that Mangifera
indica, Vitex parviflora and Pedilanthus tithymaloides are good indicators of air
pollution and demonstrated to have high tolerance to the presence of air
pollutants. It is highly recommended that these plants should be grown along
roadside in urban areas due to their high tolerance of pollution.
Keywords: APTI, Bioindicator, Epidermal Imprinting
91
(P2)BIODEGRADATION OF LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE BY SELECTED
FUNGAL ISOLATES
1
1
Ramirez, Therese Joanna P. , Diane Kristine A. Romano , Octerley Love S.
1
1
1
Blanco , Shiela Marie B. Ylanan , Ralph Laurence G. Alvarez , Rita Mei L.
1
1,2,3
1,2,3
Manansala , Teresa R. Perez
and Maricar W. Ching
*
1
School of Science and Technology, Centro Escolar University, Manila
Graduate School, Centro Escolar University, Manila
Biological Sciences Department, Centro Escolar University, Manila
*Email: cindywiscoching@gmail.com
2
3
Plastics are one of the major causes of environmental pollution. They present
significant ecological threat because of their durability, toughness and low
degradation ability. Plastics were collected from different sites, such as rural area
and urban area. Fungi were cultured and isolated from plastic samples using
Potato Dextrose Agar. Fungi were isolated and grown in pure cultures. Plastic
strips were pre-weighed for mass reduction and placed in centrifuge tubes
containing fungal isolates in Potato Dextrose Broth. All cultures containing plastic
strips were placed in incubator shaker for eight weeks. Aliquot of the broth and
plastic strips were taken out of the tubes on the following intervals: 4th, 6th, and
8th week for determination of functional groups present in sample and broth. All
samples were washed, air-dried and tested for tensile strength and microscopic
characteristic using Scanning Electron Microscopy. All tests were done in
triplicates. Initial results showed that fungal species adhered to the surface of the
plastic strips after four week of incubation with the different fungal isolates. Mass
reduction was observed in the majority of the plastic strips. Results of tensile
strength determination, functional group identification and microscopic
th
characteristics using SEM will be reported upon completion of the 8 week.
Identification of fungal isolates will be done using conventional methods of fungal
taxonomy. All isolates are preserved in ultra-low freezer for future reference.
Keywords: Biodegradation, LDPE, SEM
92
(P5)CONJUGATIVE TRANSFERABILITY OF RESISTANCE GENES OF
MULTIPLE RESISTANT Escherichia coli ISOLATED FROM TILAPIA AND
LAPU-LAPU
1
Christopher A. Malay * and Yolanda A. Ilagan
2
1
College of Arts and Sciences, Lyceum of the Philippines University-Cavite Campus,
Cavite State University- Carmona Campus
*Email: christopher_malay@yahoo.com
2
Conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between a donor and recipient cell
that comes in contact. The mechanism is efficient, and allows bacteria to acquire
new adaptive traits such as antibiotic resistance. A study was conducted to
identify the antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from Tilapia
(Oreochromis nilotica) and Lapu- Lapu (Ephinephelus coioides) and their
conjugative transferability. Fries, juveniles, adults and water samples were
obtained from the fish cages while additional adults were obtained from wet
markets. Antibiotic resistance of E.coli was tested for ciprofloxacin (10µg);
chloramphenicol (30 µg); ampicillin (30 µg); cefuroxime (10 µg); erythromycin (15
µg); cotrimoxazole (25 µg); amoxicillin (25 µg); tetracycline (10 µg); polymyxin b
(300 units); cephalexin (10 µg); and cloxacillin (5 µg). Conjugation experiment
r
was carried out using E. coli DH5α tet as the recipient and multi-drug resistant
E.coli as donor. Transfer frequency was computed by dividing the number of
transconjugants per milliliter by the number of donors per milliliter. Transfer
frequencies were expressed in percent.Ten E. coli were identified from the
samples. Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index of E.coli ranged from 0.55 to
0.82. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalexin and
cefuroxime while susceptible to ciprofloxacin. Conjugation experiment showed
that multi-drug resistant E.coli can transfer single, double and multiple-drug
resistance genes. Transfer frequency of resistance to single antibiotic ranged
from 0.78% (erythromycin) to 1.56% (cotrimoxazole) while 1.19% (erythromycinchloramphenicol) and 1.63% (erythromycin-cotrimoxazole-cephalexin) for double
and multiple-drug combination respectively. The results of the study show that
multiple drug resistant E.coli are present among fish samples. Moreover, the
presence of these multi-drug resistant bacteria poses a threat as they can
transfer their resistance genes to one bacterium and to another.
Key words: antibiotic resistance, MAR Index,conjugation,
93
(P12)EVALUATION OF THE EMBRYOTOXICITY OF LAGUNA DE BAY
WATER AND SEDIMENT QUALITY ON Danio rerio (ZEBRAFISH)
Mariejoe D. Luces, Deandra Angelica G. Pahate* and Margaret L.C. De
Guzman, MSc.
Department of Science and Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Miriam College
Katipunan Avenue, Loyola Heights, Quezon City, 1108 Philippines
*Email: deandrapahate@gmail.com
Deterioration of Laguna de Bay has been observed in the past several years. In
this study, the embryotoxicity of the water and sediment samples
from Binangonan, Rizal a part of the Western bay of Laguna Lake were
assessed using zebra fish embryo toxicity assay. Bacterial population was
also determined and screened for resistance against antimicrobial drugs.
Presence of heavy metals was determined using Flame Atomic Absorption
Spectroscopy. Developmental parameters such as mortality and abnormalities
were used as endpoints for the embryo contact assay. Fertilized eggs were
exposed to different concentrations of sediments (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%)
from the littoral and limnetic zone of the collection site. The water samples used
for the exposure of embryos were collected from the surface, middle and bottom
layer of each zone. High survival rates were recorded for the embryos exposed
to water samples from surface (64%) and middle (84%) layer of limnetic zone.
However, embryos exposed to water samples from littoral zone showed low
survival rates (20% for surface, 28% for middle and 16% for the bottom layer).
Significant decrease in survival rates and increase in abnormalities in embryos
exposed to water samples from the bottom layer were also observed. These
findings suggest that the sediments contain more toxic pollutants compared to
the water. The Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy showed positive result for
heavy metals lead, copper, and cadmium in which it even exceeded the DENR
quality standards. Coliforms in the lake water are relatively few, and their
presence in the water did not exceed the 5,000 MPN/100 ml criterion of DENR
for Class C water. This study proves that most of physico-chemical parameters
set by the DENR were comparable to the water and sediments. However, the
fishes in the lake might not be very safe for continuous consumption because
there is high probability that it is also contaminated with toxic pollutants.
Key Words: Laguna de Bay water and sediments quality, Zebra fish,
heavy metals, Bacterial population
94
(P14)TOXICITY EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF FOOD SEASONINGS
USING BRINE SHRIMP (Artemia salina) LETHALITY TEST
Kenneth Dave B. Borja, Buhion, VhebsTerez L. Buhion and Everlita E.Canalita*
1
MSU-IIT, College of Education - Integrated Developmental School
Andres Bonifacio Avenue, Tibanga
9200, Iligan City Philippines
*Email: evercanalita@gmail.com
Toxicity testing is performed to assess the safety or hazards presented by
substances such as consumer products, pharmaceuticals, natural products and
industrial chemicals. Many of the current toxicity test methods include the use of
laboratory animals such as mice, rats or rabbits, however in this study lower
species of test organisms were used – the Artemia salina, which are commonly
called brine shrimps. This study was conducted to test for the toxicity potential of
three different brands of commercially sold food seasonings using brine shrimp
lethality test (BSLT). This is an assay that will determine the toxicity potential of a
substance using the mortality rate of brine shrimp nauplii and identify the median
lethal concentration (LC 50) using regression line analysis .Ten (10) brine shrimp
nauplii were exposed to the three different brands of commercially sold food
seasonings in the Philippines with three different concentrations (10, 100, and
1000 ppm) of the test solution. Each concentration had three replicates. The
mortality rate of brine shrimps exposed to each brand was determined and
recorded within a 24-hour period. Statistical analysis using two-way ANOVA
showed that there is no significant interaction between the brands of artificial
food seasonings and their respective concentration. It showed further that there
was no significant difference in the mortality rate of brine shrimps among the
three different brands of food seasonings; however, significant difference existed
among the three concentrations. The highest mortality rate was observed at 1000
ppm while the lowest mortality rate was observed at 10 ppm for all brands. As the
concentration increases, mortality rate of brine shrimp increases. In addition,
regression line analysis showed that Brand A, Brand B, and Brand C have an
LC50 of 535 ppm, 542 ppm, and 438 ppm, respectively. This implies that the
substance has an ingredient that could affect the activity of brine shrimp cells.
Keywords: Toxicity, Median Lethal Concentration (LC50), Brine Shrimp Lethality
Test (BSLT), Research in life sciences
95
(P15)FERNS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL
RESOURCES (DENR) EXPERIMENTAL FOREST IN NABUNTURAN
Cindy Grace C. Sernada-Abas
Email: cindygrace_abas@yahoo.com
The study generally aimed to assess the ferns in DENR-ERDS Experimental
Forest, Nabunturan, Compostela Valley Province. Specifically, it aimed to identify
the species of ferns present in the15-hectare sampling site; to provide
morphological keys leading to the identification of species; and to identify and
discuss the different biotic and abiotic factors affecting fern sori germination.
Results showed that there were ten identified fern species namely: Asplenium
nidus; Davallia hymenophylloides: Diplaziopsis javanica; Dricanopteris curanii;
Drynaria quercifolia; Lygodium japonicum; Nephrolepis biserrata; Nephrolepis
cordifolia; Pteris c.f glacovirems; and Selliguea triloba. A confirmatory test for
fern species identification validity was conducted through the expertise of Dr.
Amoroso’s staff. There were three species of ferns which were consistently
bearing undersurface and marginal sori during the three sampling periods. These
are A. nidus, D. javanica, and N. cordifolia. Most of these fern species that
undergo sori germination were found to grow in ecologically strategic areas. The
said habitats were receiving sufficient sunlight; constant moisture content of both
soil and air; rhizomes rooted in loam and a bit shale soil; and a more or less
stable temperature based on the data gathered by co-researchers. On the other
hand, fern species which were found to have no sori on their fronds were D.
hymenophylloides; D. curanii; D. quercifolia; L. japonicum; N. biserrata; Pteris cf.
glacovirems; and S. triloba. Generally, these fern species were situated in the
areas which were ecologically opposite with those ferns that had undergone sori
germination.
Key words: frond, sori, rhizome, shale soil
96
(P17)SPECIES DIVERSITY OF TREES IN THE UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN
PHILIPPINES, UNIVERSITY TOWN, NORTHERN SAMAR
1
2
Florencio P. Mahinay and Helena T. De la Rosa
1
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Eastern Philippines,
Catarman N. Samar, 6400 Philippines
2
Quality Assurance Unit, University of Eastern Philippines, Catarman N. Samar, 6400
Philippines
Email: karina_cui@yahoo.com
This study focused on species diversity of trees in the University of Eastern
Philippines, University Town, Northern Samar. Specifically, it tried to determine
the types of substrates, identify the different species of trees, determine the
abundant tree species, and determine the species richness and abundance of
trees in four sampling sites. The study employed the descriptive-correlational
type of research design to determine the status of tree species. The purposive
sampling method was used. Reconnaissance survey was conducted to gain
general information of the terrestrial tree species in the sampling sites, namely:
the three barangay zones of the University Town and the school campus. Ocular
inspection of the substrates was done to determine the types of substrates in the
study area. Complete enumeration of tree species was made in order to identify
the species richness and the number of individuals of every species was counted
to determine the abundance of trees in the study area. The data obtained in this
study were analyzed using the multiple regression analysis. The inventory of
tree species revealed a total of 5, 219 individual plants belonging to 43 families,
76 genera and 102 species. These plants are adapted to the varied types of
substrates in the area.There is a significant relationship of the types of substrates
with the abundance of trees. Out of 102 tree species, 17 species are abundant in
the University because there are types of substrates that are not suitable for the
growth of trees. The species richness and abundance of tree species are
significantly dependent on the types of substrates. The varied types of substrates
provided diverse physical environment for the trees. These 102 tree species are
adapted to the different types of substrates. The University Town has a
significantly diverse tree species.
Keywords: species diversity, trees, Northern Samar, purposive sampling
97
(P18)COMBINED TREATMENTS OF COCONUT WATER AND MALUNGGAY
LEAF EXTRACT REDUCES SERUM URIC ACID LEVELS
Kurt Arnold V. Antonio
IBA College of Mindanao
Email: kurtoi75@gmail.com
Therapeutic claims about coconut water and various extracts from parts of
malunggay have been conclusively established. The present study examined
their combined effects on hyperuricemia–induced rabbits for 30 days following
+
complete randomized design: T0 (allopurinol), T0 (water), T1 (coconut water), T2
(malunggay leaf extract), T3 (T1 + T2). The serum uric acid (SUA) levels using
quantitative enzymatic procedure were taken from the test animals after
acclimatization, induction and treatment periods. Variations in SUA levels after
each period was subjected to ANOVA in CRD and subsequently analyzed in
Multiple Comparison using Tukey’s Procedure. All mean values after
acclimatization and induction periods were above normal levels and shows no
significant difference (P>0.05). At termination, T0 (3.02mg/dl) is significantly
higher across treatment groups. No significant difference was observed among
+
means of T1 (1.58mg/dl), T2 (1.59mg/dl), and T0 (1.71mg/dl) at P<0.01.
Interestingly, T3 (1.06mg/dl) mean exhibited significant reduction of SUA levels
down within the normal range. The combined treatment (T3) in significantly
reducing SUA levels to normal values within the duration of the study is notable.
Although SUA levels of the separate treatments decreased, they were not
brought down to normal values.
Keywords: hyperuricemia, serum uric acid level, combination, research
98
(P20)HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS SEROPOSITIVITY AND RISKS OF HEAD
AND NECK SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA AMONG FILIPINOS
1,2
2
3
Pia Marie Albano *, Dana Holzinger , Christianne Lumang Salvador , Jose
3
3
3
3
Orosa III , Sheryl Racelis , Modesty Leaño , Danilo Sanchez Jr , Lara Mae
1
1
2
2
Angeles , Les Paul Valdez , Gordana Halec , Markus Schmitt , John Donnie
1
2
Ramos , and Michael Pawlita
1
University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines; 2Division of Genome Modifications and
Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; and
3
Mariano Marcos Memorial Hospital and Medical Center, Ilocos Norte, Philippines
*Email: p.albano2013@gmail.com
Human papillomaviruses (HPV), the main etiologic agent of cervical cancer,
have been proven lately to play a role in the development of head and neck
squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). While HPV-negative HNSCC is
associated with heavy tobacco and alcohol use, an HPV-driven one is related
to evolving changes in sexual behavior. This study aimed to determine which
risk factors were possibly more associated with the development of HNSCC
among Filipinos. Histologically confirmed cases (n=22) seen at the Mariano
Marcos Memorial Hospital and Medical Center (Batac, Ilocos Norte) between
May 2012 and September 2013 were enrolled. They were age- (±2 years)
and sex-matched with volunteer cancer-free controls (n=20) recruited from
the same geographical area. Both accomplished a standardized
questionnaire inquiring on their alcohol and tobacco use, and sexual
behavior. Their serum samples were analyzed for specific antibodies against
L1, E6, E7, E1, and E2 of HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58 ,6 and 11 using a
®
2
Luminex 200 analyzer. Significantly higher percentage (x =11.270, pvalue=0.004) of ever tobacco users was seen among the cases (86%) than
2
controls (60%). Ironically, more controls (x =6.243, p-value =0.012) had been
involved in casual and/or commercial sex, had sexual experience with
2
someone with history of sexually transmitted disease (x =8.627, p-value
2
=0.013), and would use condom for protection (x =6.942, p-value =0.008).
Dual seropositivity for the E6 and any one of the other early proteins
(E7/E1/E2) of one (1) HPV type, which is a specific marker of an HPV-driven
HNSCC, has not been seen in any of the cases or controls. Thus, heavy
tobacco use may still be the major risk factor for HNSCC development
among Filipinos. The conservative sexual practices seen among the cases
further strengthened the claim that HPV could not have been a risk factor for
their HNSCC.
Keywords: Research, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, human
papillomavirus, multiplex serology
99
(P21)SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT PROGRAM (SDMP)
AMONG MINING COMPANIES IN CARCANMADCARLAN AND ITS IMPACT
Odinah Landero Cuartero, Ph.D.
1
Cantilan, Surigao Del Sur, Philippines
Surigao Del Sur State University (SDSSU), Cantilan Campus,
E-mail: ocuartero@yahoo.com
2
This study presents the findings undertaken to assess the extent of
implementation of Social Development and Management Program (SDMP)
among mining companies in CarCanMadCarLan (CCMCL) and its impact to the
multi-sector group. This study employed the descriptive research design where
quantitative data gathered through a questionnaire was substantiated with
qualitative data gathered through interview. The participants were purposive
chosen to represent the social, economic, health, education, and environment
sectors. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, t-test, analysis of
variance and Tukey’s HSD Test. Based on the findings, among the five multisectoral groups, Education Sector received the highest mean whereas
Environment Sector obtained the least in the assessment of SDMP
implementation and its perceived impact. The study concludes that mining
operations in CarCanMadCarLan provide positive and negative impacts. The
positive impact can be observed in employment generation while the negative
impacts can be seen in the environmental destruction and biodiversity
degradation. This can be attributed to the extent of implementation of SDMP
which cannot be considered as par excellent.
Keywords : Mining Industries; Local Communities; Multi-Sectoral Impact (for
Global Issues); SDMP
100
(P23)ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIAL ISOLATES OF
Amorphophallus sp. (PONGAPONG)
1,2
Erwin P. Elazegui , Dr. Maricar W. Ching
2
1
College of Science, Technological University of the Philippines-Manila.
2
Graduate School, Centro Escolar University-Manila
Email: ngsepe@yahoo.com
Microbial enzymes are useful as raw materials for industrial and environmental
applications. One of the best sought sources of microbes was from plant
derivation. Herewith, the Philippines has exemplar potentiality for advancing
microbial enzyme technology from botanical sources. The study screened
enzymatic activities of bacteria through amylolytic, lipolytic and proteolytic assays
from Amorphophallus sp.(Pongapong plant). A total of 28 bacterial isolates were
obtained in which 3 were screened for enzymatic activities, its morphology and
physiology such as cell shape, gram reaction, endospore formation and oxygen
requirement.
Results showed that the three bacterial isolates were positive
for lipolytic and proteolytic activity as indicated by clear zones on Starch Agar
and Skim Milk Agar. All the isolates were negative for amylolytic activity. The
results for statistical analysis using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that
there was a significant difference in the enzymatic activity among the three
bacterial isolates. Partial characterization of bacterial isolates screened were
gram positive, rod shape, endospore forming and facultative anaerobe which
probably belongs to the Family Bacillaceae.
Keywords: bacterial isolates, microbial enzymes, amylolytic, lipolytic, proteolytic.
101
(P24)ANAEROBIC DIGESTION of SOLID FAT WASTE for BIOGAS
PRODUCTION
1
1
1
David L. Herrera , Myra L. Tansengco , Judith C. Tejano , Jose Ricky E.
1
2
Beraye , Marina G. Yao
1
Environment and Biotechnology Division, 2Chemicals and Energy Division, Industrial
Technology Development Institute, Department of Science & Technology, Bicutan, Taguig
City, Metro Manila
Email: fu23642002@yahoo.com
Meat processing industries generate not only large volume of wastewater, but
also solid fatty wastes that pollute the environment. Solid fat waste contains high
organic content, hence can be treated biologically by anaerobic digestion and
produced biogas in the process. This study aimed to examine the use of solid
fatty waste as potential substrate for biogas production. Solid fatty wastes were
obtained from a wastewater treatment plant of a meat processing industry in
Quezon City. Inoculum (seed sludge) was collected from an operational biogas
digester in a piggery farm in Nueva Ecija. A 20 liter (L) capacity bench scale
anaerobic reactor was fabricated using a transparent plastic container. A 5 L
floating-type gasholder made from acrylic was used to measure daily biogas
production. Start-up operation was done to acclimatize the inoculum for one
month. Increasing loading scheme was followed for normal anaerobic operation
with 30 g, 50 g, 70 g, and 100 g of solid fatty wastes. All fatty wastes were
pretreated with sodium hydroxide and mixed with water at 1:1 ratio. Solid fatty
waste had 75,000 mg/L COD (chemical oxygen demand), 13.73% total solids,
and 5.5 pH. Average daily biogas productions were 3.69 liters per day (L/d), 7.29
L/d, 10.90 L/d, and 12.75 L/d from 30 g, 50 g, 75 g, and 100 g loads of fatty
wastes, respectively. Accumulated biogas production after 7 days batch
operation was 25.83 L, 51.06 L, 79.29 L, and 89.22 L for 30 g, 50 g, 75 g, and
100 g loads of solid fat wastes, respectively. Biogas produced by the different
loads was flammable. Gas chromatography of biogas composition showed
65.74% methane and 18.23% carbon dioxide. Anaerobic digestion of solid fat
waste showed potential benefits for biogas production and also for proper waste
management.
Keywords: anaerobic digestion, solid fat waste, biogas, research –life sciences
102
(P26)HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY OF Terminalia microcarpa decne. CRUDE
LEAF EXTRACTS IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC MICE
Beverly Ann M. Cheng
1
1,2
1,3
*, Danielle Rose E. Paitan *, Thucydides L. Salunga
1
Department of Science and Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Miriam College,
3
* Email: beverlyanncheng@yahoo.com daniellepaitan@yahoo.com
Terminalia microcarpa Decne. or commonly known as “Kalumpit” is an endemic
plant and widely distributed throughout the Philippines. Any knowledge
generated in this study will contribute to the awareness of the different species
under the genus Terminalia and may lead to the interest of ethnobotanical
community; its ecological importance should be recognized in order to preserve
its existence. Active compounds might be found in this species as indicated by
several studies suggesting plant species under the genus Terminalia, such as T.
chebula and T. catappa have performed anti-diabetic activities or the ability to
reduce blood glucose level (BGL). This study aims to determine the
phytochemical profile of T. microcarpa crude leaf extract, collected at University
of The Philippines, Diliman campus. In this experiment, alloxan-induced diabetic
mice were divided into two groups, A and B. Mice in group A were subjected to
treatment of hypoglycemic agents while mice in group B were not. Insulin
(2units/kbw) and metformin (100mg/kbw) were used as positive controls and
50mg/kbw (IV), 100mg/kbw (V) and 150mg/kbw (VI) concentrations of T.
microcarpa crude extract for treatment. Phytochemical screening assay done in
this study indicates the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins,
glycosides and sterols in the T. microcarpa crude exract. T. microcarpa crude
extract exhibited hypoglycemic activity only at 50mg/kbw in treated diabetic mice.
This signifies that the BGL lowering activity of T. microcarpa crude extract is not
dose dependent and has a very narrow concentration spectrum. Furthermore,
the crude extract can mimic the therapeutic effect of both insulin and metformin.
The hypoglycemic action of T. microcarpa crude extract maybe attributed to the
presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds such as tannins, alkaloids and
glycosides which are known to have anti-diabetic activity.
Keywords: Terminalia microcarpa Decne., hypoglycemic activity, phytochemical
analysis, research
103
(P28)PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF
METHYLOTROPHIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM MIRIAM COLLEGE,
QUEZON CITY
Savannah L. Johnson *, Gillian A. Sosa, and Jeffrey B. Galvez
1
* Email: s.l.johnson0895@gmail.com
Methylotrophs are microorganisms which utilize toxic single-carbon compounds
such as methane and methanol or any organic compounds that lack C-C bonds
as its electron donor and carbon source. Methylotrophs have large amounts of
sterols in the cell membrane and have the ability to produce pigmented colonies.
The study aims to identify and characterize methylotrophs from soil, water and air
samples from Miriam College, Quezon City. Also, detection of the mxaF gene
was done to assess the bioremediating potential of the isolates. A phylogenetic
tree was constructed to see the genotypic relationship of the different
methylotrophic species isolated. Soil and water samples were acquired from
different areas in the Miriam College Campus. The samples were subjected to
-6
10 serial dilution technique and were spread onto a Methanol Mineral Salts
(MMS) agar. Also, MMS agar was exposed to areas with high air current for air
sampling. Uniquely colored samples were isolated and were further purified
using MMS agar. Most of the isolates have light yellow to yellow and pink to red
pigmentation. Phenotypic characterization was done by colonial characteristics,
microscopic characteristics and several biochemical tests. Genotypic
characterization was done by amplifying the 16S rRNA gene and subjecting it to
DNA sequencing. BLAST analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence revealed 10
different species isolated from the different sites namely: Serratia sp., Kocuria
sp., Microbacterium sp., Cellulosimicrobium sp., Sphingobacterium sp.,
Sphingomonas sp., Methylobacterium sp., Bacillus sp., Rhodococcus sp., and
Pantoea sp. Almost all of the isolates were positive for the putative mxaF gene
except for Sphingobacterium sp. The phylogenetic tree showed two groups:
Group 1, Serratia, Pantoea, Sphingomonas, Methylobacterium, Bacillus and
Sphingobacterium, Group 2, Rhodococcus, Microbacterium, Cellulosimicrobium
and Kocuria. The grouping of the isolates supports their distribution in the study
site and their close genotypic characteristics.
Keywords: Methylotrophs, Phenotypic characterization, 16S rDNA sequence,
Phylogenetic Tree
104
(P31)CLONING OF THE LAPD GENE FROM Pseudomonas fluorescens
ISOLATED FROM WASTEWATER AREA IN MARIKINA CITY AND ITS
EFFECTS ON BIOFILM FORMATION AND BIOREMEDIATION OF HEAVY
METALS
Ayanara Mae A. Sadi
1
1,2
*, Ana Katrina C. Torio
1,3
*, Joel C. Cornista
1
* Email: ayanarasadi@yahoo.co; kayetorio@yahoo.com
The rapid increase of xenobiotic discharge has lead to serious changes in the
environment. This problem is topical, leading to a growing need to develop
bioremediation techniques that are eco-friendly, cost effective, and efficient.
Studies have shown that biofilm formation activates bioremediation thus, is
effectively applied as wastewater treatment. Pseudomonas fluorescens which is
known for its ability to degrade pollutants, and suppress various pathogens by
antibiotic production, have a distinct type of signalling nucleotide known as lapD
gene. This gene is responsible for the transition between motile to sessile
growth. This study aims to clone lapD gene from P. fluorescens isolated from
Marikina River. Moreover, it would like to transform and express the lapD gene
encoding for surface attachment to determine its effects on biofilm formation and
bioremediation to a non-biofilm forming bacteria. First, the pTAQ which was the
vector used to clone the lapD gene was transformed to E. coli 5α. The plasmid
was extracted, and digested using EcoRI and BamHI, and then 1.9 kb gene
fragment was recovered from the Agarose gel. Furthermore, the lapD gene was
amplified through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The EcoRI and BamHI
restriction sites were incorporated in the forward and reverse primers,
respectively, to facilitate the cloning of the gene. The resulting 1,921 kb amplicon
was gene cleaned, digested with EcoRI and BamHI, and ligated into the same
site of the pTAQ. The resulting pLAP plasmid was transformed to E. coli 5α and
screened in LB Amp plates. To further determine the effects of lapD gene, biofilm
formation and bioremediation of E. coli were tested.
Keywords: bioremediation, biofilm formation, Pseudomonas fluorescens,
Research
105
(P34)LEAD LEVEL IN THE BLOOD SAMPLES AMONG PUBLIC UTILITY
JEEPNEY DRIVERS IN DAVAO CITY
Mari Karlo Candolita, Jason Chua, Justin Jed de Milo, Emerson Parcon, Adorico
M. Aya-ay
University of Immaculate Conception, Father Selga Street, Davao City, Philippines
Email: ado_magus@yahoo.com
Lead is an environmental toxicant present in air that causes a variety of serious
health problems in high levels. Public Utility Jeepney (PUJ) drivers are usually
exposed to gasoline, fuel and other automotive substances which make them
highly susceptible to lead contamination. This study would determine blood lead
levels of PUJ drivers in Davao City. Thirty PUJ drivers with ages ranging from 1860 years old were randomly selected from various jeepney stops in Roxas Street,
San Pedro Extension, Torres Street and Father Selga Street from November
2012 to August 2013. Blood samples were collected and tested using the Flame
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The study design used is a prospective
descriptive – correlational design. PUJ drivers aged 18 to 28 years old with the
highest concentration of lead in their blood samples for about 0.081 ppm - 14.774
ppm while 13.33% of the drivers aged from 51 to 60 years old with the lowest
concentration of 0.030 ppm lead in their blood samples, and 46.67% of the
drivers aged from 29 to 39 having 0.111 ppm - 3.120 ppm and 40 to 50 years old
with 0.022 ppm - 2.778 ppm lead level in their blood samples. There are no
significant differences in the level of incidence in the blood of PUJ drivers
considering the years of driving and the type of diseases incurred by the PUJ
drivers. It can be concluded therefore that most of the PUJ drivers in Davao City
are still safe from the level of toxicity because the results still conform to the
standards set by the World Health Organization.
Keywords: Lead; PUJ drivers; Blood Lead level; global issues and concerns
106
(P35)MOLECULAR AUTHENTICATION AND PHYLOGENY OF PHILIPPINE
Argostemma wall. (RUBIACEAE) INFERRED WITH MULTIPLE DATASET
(TRNL-F, RPS16, AND ITS) INCLUDING A NEW ACCOUNT OF SPECIES
AND VARIETY FROM MT. HALCON, ORIENTAL MINDORO
2,3
1
1
Hao Wei Hsu *, Denmarc R. Aranas , Limuel Joseph V. Bacani , Rainielle Mae
1
1
1,2,3
M. Natural , Eloise Kanna O. Ong , , Grecebio Jonathan D. Alejandro
1
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science,2 Research Center for the Natural
and Applied Sciences, and The Graduate School3, University of Santo Tomas, España,
Manila 1015
* Email: hsuhaowei@yahoo.com
Argostemma Wall. is the largest paleotropical genus of Argostemmateae (220
species). Foreign Argostemma species possess highly medicinal attributes for
possessing antipyretic, antibiotic and antibacterial activities. Also, with the
frequent discovery of novel species the genus has been a great interest for
evolutionary studies. In the Philippines, its members are commonly misidentified
and systematically undertreated. In this study, the internal transcribed spacer
(ITS) region of nuclear DNA, rps16 intron and trnL-F region of chloroplast DNA
were used to answer the following objectives: determine the phylogeny of
Argostemma species and evaluate the best DNA barcode for the genus. Seven
Argostemma species were subjected to morphological and various genetic
analyses involving extraction, amplification, agarose gel electrophoresis,
purification, and sequencing. DNA sequence assessments were accomplished
using MEGA 6 program. Accordingly, the three markers are recommended as
potential DNA barcodes for molecular authentication of Argostemma species.
Remarkable performances of ITS as DNA barcode was proven with high values.
For the molecular phylogeny of Philippine Argostemma species, the generated
majority rule consensus tree proved its endemic status and showed to be closely
related with psychotrichoides group proposed by Bremer. A proposed novel
species, Argostemma scindum sp. nov. was collected from Mt. Halcon, Oriental
Mindoro has the following characters: red recurved apex of corolla, extent of
exertion of linear stigma and an unfused anther lobes that deviated from
Argostemma bryophilum Merrill, its closest species inferred from combined tree.
Another isolate found to be closely related with Argostemma solaniflorum Elmer
however minor differences were seen as it possess a blue anther cone. Thus, a
variety was also proposed Argostemma solaniflorum var. hyacintho var nov. With
the knowledge of suitable barcode for Philippine Argostemma species and its
endemicity ascertained, economic and medicinal benefits of the taxa can be best
explored.
Keywords: Argostemma, barcoding, novel, phylogeny
107
(P36)APPLICATION OF DNA BARCODES IN THE PHILIPPINE Hedyotis L.
(SPERMACOCEAE, RUBIACEAE) INCLUDING TWO NOVEL SPECIES
2
2
Denzel Nicho T. Armendares , Marjorie Faye G. Davadilla , Irisse Bianca B. De
2
2
1
Jesus , Rene Kevin C. Plan , Propa Joy R. Santor * and Grecebio Jonathan
1,2,3
D. Alejandro
1
The Graduate School, 2College of Science, 2Research Center for the Natural and Applied
Sciences University of Santo Tomas, Espana, Manila, 1015, Philippines
* Email: propa_21@yahoo.com
Hedyotis L. is an herbaceous lineage nested within the tribe Spermacoceae
(Rubiaceae) with ca. 500-600 species distributed in tropical or subtropical
regions. It has long been considered as a repository of uncertain tropical
herbaceous lineage with multiovulate locules making it confusing with its other
herbaceous allies. Recent phylogenetic analyses of Spermacoceae resolved this
conflict and proposed Hedyotis sensu
stricto (s. str.) as a narrower
circumscription of Hedyotis, which includes species from the Southeast Asia and
Pacific; however, no Philippine species were used to determine the best
barcoding loci among cpDNA (rps16, trnH-psbA) and nrDNA (ITS) markers on
the basis of universality and discriminatory power. ITS showed a 100% PCR
success rate followed by rps16 and trnH-psbA with 95.4% and 63.3%,
repectively. All markers have 100% sequencing success rate. In terms of
discrimination of species, ITS had the highest informative site (51.95%) and the
highest mean interspecific distance (19.3% + 16.6%) BLAST analysis revealed
that three markers were able to identify the samples up to generic level with
varying efficiency. Based on these generated data, this study concludes ITS as
the best DNA barcode for molecular authentication of Philippine Hedyotis among
the markers evaluated. Bayesian and Parsimony analyses using the combined
plastid (rps16 and trnH-psbA) and nuclear (ITS) dataset showed that the 19 of
the sampled Philippine Hedyotis nested within the Hedyotis s. str. and the rest of
the sampled Hedyotis sp. nested with other Asian clades. In addition. two novel
endemic species (H. culasinensis sp. nov. and H. davaoensis sp. nov.) are
proposed based on comparative morphology.
Keywords: barcoding, phylogeny, Hedyotis, research
108
(P37)TWO MEDALS WITH THE SAME MERIT: RESOLVING PHILIPPINES’
BIODIVERSITY IN THE TRIBES UROPHYLLEAE AND VANGUERIEAE
(RUBIACEAE) INFERRED FROM MOLECULAR DATA
1
1
1
Darryll James T. Garcia , Denny Joy B. Horneja *, Anthony B. Hugill ,
1
3
1,2
Margarita M. Maki , Jayson G. Chavez , Grecebio Jonathan D. Alejandro
1
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and 2Research Center for the
Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Espana, Manila, 1015,
Philippines, 3Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Arts and Sciences, Far Eastern
University, Nicanor Reyes Sr., 1008 Manila, Philippines
* Email: dennyjoyhorneja@yahoo.com
The tribes Urophylleae and Vanguerieae of Rubiaceae are typified with an array
of morphological and biological characters presenting challenges to systematists.
Recent field study opened opportunities for study of the mentioned tribes
wherein, four Urophyllum Jack ex Wall. species (3 of which are Philippine
endemic) and aberrant representatives: Praravinia sablanensis (Elmer) Merr. and
Pyrostria sp. were obtained. Thus to determine their generic placements with
certitude, plastidial (rps16 intron and trnT-F intergenic spacers) and nuclear
ribosomal DNA (Internal Transcribed Spacers) datasets along with morphological
assessment were utilized in this research. The majority rule consensus tree from
Bayesian analyses for Urophylleae showed the four Urophyllum species and the
Praravinia sablanensis nested within Urophyllum sensu stricto. The molecular
result supports the recommendation of Smedmark & Bremer (2011) to include
Praravinia in the genus Urophyllum. Like Urophyllum, Praravinia sablanensis has
corolla lobes and throat that are covered with stiff white hairs, which is said to be
an apomorphic derivative of the genus. On the other hand, the position of the
cryptic Pyrostria species within the Pyrostria clade of Vanguerieae is strongly
supported (PP=1.00). Its morphological features resemble that of Pyrostria
subsessilifolia (Merr.) Arriola and Alejandro but differ in woody bracts and smaller
floral dimensions. Morphological features were congruent with the molecularbased classification, thus providing significant support for the re-instatement of
Urophyllum sablanense and the proposal of a new Philippine Pyrostria species,
Pyrostria camiguinensis, Horneja and Alejandro, sp. nov.
Keywords: molecular, Urophylleae, Vanguerieae, research
109
(P38)Kanapia (VANGUERIEAE): A NEW ENDEMIC RUBIACEAE GENUS
DEDICATED TO THE FORMER PRESIDENT (1971 – 1974) OF BIOTA
Axel H. Arriola
1
1,4
4
*, Lyn D. Paraguison and Grecebio Jonathan D. Alejandro
2,3,4
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the East,
2219 C.M. Recto Ave, Manila, Philippines, 2College of Science, 3Research Center for the
Natural & Applied Sciences, and 4The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas,
España, Manila, 1015 Philippines
* Email: arriolaaxel@yahoo.com
Recent phylogenetic studies in the Vanguerieae adopted a narrow
circumscription for Canthium characterized by the presence of supraaxillary
spines. For a continuing project in Philippine Rubiaceae, an important focus was
to resolve the disposition of spineless Philippine Canthium. In a collecting trip to
key forested sites in the Philippines, two endemic Canthium species were
collected: C. monstrosum and C. wenzelii. The absence of spines hinted at a
deviation from Canthium sensu stricto (s.s.) and thus raised questions on their
generic affiliation. Phylogenetic analysis of the combined ITS-trnL-F data sets
showed a well-supported clade of Vanguerieae (PP=1.00; BS=100%). The two
endemic Canthium species seemed to have close affinity with Keetia (PP=0.77;
BS=50%), within a supported clade (PP=1.00; BS=80%) containing
Afrocanthium. Although the C. monstrosum-C. wenzelii-Keetia clade showed low
BS support, it appears that morphological attributes shared by these taxa support
this relationship. However, The Philippine endemics are morphologically distinct
from Keetia by a calyx limb shorter than the tube, corolla strictly pentamerous,
style ± same length with the corolla tube, stylar knob wider than long, disc
glabrous, ellipsoid fruit, and woody pyrene with an angular ventral side and a lidlike area on the seed completely absent. The Philippine endemics are unique
from the rest of the Vanguerieae with a puberulent style that is broad at the base
and a pyrene with a longitudinal slit on the upper ¼ of the crest presumably for
dehiscence. We proposed a new Philippine endemic genus Kanapia Arriola and
Alejandro to accommodate these two endemic species.
Keywords: Bayesian inference, Canthium, Molecular data, parsimony analysis
110
(P39)EFFICACY OF Mimosa pudica (MAKAHIYA) LEAF AND ROOT
EXTRACTS AGAINST SELECTED MICROORGANISMS
Patrick D. Abellera, Michael Thomas S. Fernandez, Rocky A. Fondevilla Jr.,
Myra Lara T. Lim, Jan Lynuel C. Sedayao, Melodie Claire W. Juico*
Biology Department, Davao Doctors College, General Malvar St., Davao City Philippines
8000
* Email: melodie_claire@yahoo.com
Traditional medicine has been used since ancient times in all cultures throughout
the world. It has been an important part of human evolution and development.
Now with the evolution of new strains of bacteria and the increasing costs of
synthetically produced commercial drugs available, the use of alternative and
herbal medicines was utilyzed in this study by testing the efficacy of the root and
leaf extracts of Mimosa pudica (Makahiya) against selected strains of grampositive and gram-negative bacteria. Descriptive-comparison method was used
in this study in which the researchers tested 50% root extract and 50% leaf
extract of Mimosa pudica against Micrococcus luteus and Enterobacter
aerogenes and undergone 6 trials of well diffusion method. It was found out that
M. pudica leaf extract exhibited a wider zone of inhibition against M. luteus
compared to the root extract and the control. On the other hand, E. aerogenes
treated with root extract showed a wider zone of inhibition compared to the leaf
extract and the control. Based on the calculation using two-way ANOVA there is
a significant difference in the growth inhibition by the root and leaf extracts, with
gram negative bacteria (E. aerogenes) being more resistant to the treatments.
The researchers recommend the test be conducted on more types of organisms
such as fungi and protozoans and also the use of different concentrations of
extracts of M. pudica to identify its ideal percentage of effectivity and compare its
cost to the commercially available antimicrobial products.
Keywords: Research, Efficacy, Mimosa pudica, Microroganisms
111
(P40)NEW DNA BARCODES OF LAND SNAILS (SUPER FAMILY
HELICARIONOIDAE) IN MT. MATUTUM, SOUTH COTABATO USING THE
CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE 1 GENE
1
1
1
Ana Rose P. Inocentes , Julieen Rose K. Ca-at , Paul R. Olvis *, Ian Kendrich
2
1
1
Fontanilla , Christine Dawn G. Obemio , Maria Luisa P. Non
1
Mindanao State University, Fatima, General Santos City2Institute of Biology, University of
the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City
* Email: p_olvis@yahoo.com
DNA barcoding is a reliable scheme of ascertaining organisms based on the
short standardized genetic marker. This study aimed to identify the land snails
inhabiting Mt. Matutum by barcoding their genome, Cytochrome C oxidase 1
(CO1 gene). A total of 13 samples were successfully sequenced representing
five (5) genera belonging to the Super family Helicarionoidea (Helixarionoidae).
These
were
Hemiglypta
spp
(Helicarionidae),
Macrochlamys
sp.
(Macrochlamydae), Nanina sp. (Ariophantidae), Ryssota sp. and Hemiplecta spp.
(Chronidae). DNA was extracted using the NaOH-lysis method, and ran in PCR
for amplification with three different sets of primers, namely, LCO 490 and HCO
2198; Sty LCO and Sty HCO; and LEP F1 and LEP R1. Using the Bioedit
software, a total of 544 nucleotides were preserved and aligned among the 46
sequences used in the study. BLAST results revealed that all samples have
novel barcodes in the database with relatively low percent similarity ranging from
82.6%-88.4%. Bootstrap values also confirmed the novelty of the sequences,
ranging from 51%-82%. The phylogenetic tree illustrated that there are
individuals diverged from the node of its co-genera, suggesting the possibility of
having different species among the samples.
Keywords: DNA barcoding, land snails, research
112
(P41)BIOSORPTION OF COPPER BY SOME ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA
ISOLATED FROM Vetiveria zizanioides: POTENTIAL AGENT FOR
BIOREMEDIATION
*
Brian, Carolene C. ,Calayo, Janine V. ,Calling, Gerryca B., Castillo, Noriel V.
1
University of Santo Tomas,
* Email: briancarolene@gmail.com
Studies in the field of bioremediation are now focusing on the promising
application of endophytes in cleaning up heavy metal wastes. This study aimed
to characterize and identify isolated endophytic bacteria from the roots of
Vetiveria zizanioides, and to determine their maximum tolerance and
bioremediation potential for copper.Endophytic bacteria isolated from the grass
samples were inoculated to copper-amended media with increasing copper
concentrations, 0.110, 1, 10, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 1000 mg/L. Isolates
that exhibited growth at the highest copper tolerance value were characterized
using conventional methods. The best isolates were examined for their copper
bioremediation capacity using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS).
A total of twenty-six (26) endophytic bacterial isolates from the roots of V.
zizanioides were inoculated to copper-amended nutrient agar. Screening for the
highest copper tolerance value yielded three isolates, Enterobacter cloacae,
Cronobacter sakazakii and gram-negative coccobacilli which was unable to be
further identified, exhibited growth at 300 mg/L Cu. All three isolates showed
bioremediation activity based on FAAS. Of these isolates, Cronobacter sakazakii
removed 71.0164 mg/L Cu in 72 hrs, exhibiting the highest bioremediation
capacity.
Keywords: Bioremediation, Biosorption, Copper, Endophytic Bacteria,
113
(P42)ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTY OF Marchantia acaulis (LIVERWORT)
Simon, Julius A.
University of Baguio Science High School, Baguio City, Philippines
Email: julesimonk4@yahoo.com
Liverworts possess various pharmacological potentials. A study on the
antimicrobial activity of the indigenous, Riccia nigerica Jones (Ariyo, 2011) in
Southwestern Virginia against four test bacteria and four test fungi revealed that
the crude extract exhibited a strong significant antibacterial and antifungal
activity which was lower than that of the standard drug. Further, the chemical
constituents of liverwort (Porella cordaeana) extracts have been identified using
solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPMEGC/MS) (Bukvicki et al, 2012) which were evaluated against eleven food
microorganisms and was proven that high percentages of monoterpene and
sesquiterpene were responsible for the antimicorbial activity. The extracts and
essential oils of these bryophytes have been used as an alternative source of
antibiotics due to their antimicrobial activities. Thus, this study aimed to test the
possible antimicrobial properties of Marchantia acaulis (Liverworts). Liverworts
are non-flowering , spore-bearing plants - with the spores produced in small
capsules. Two bacterial species, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus
epidermidis were used as test organisms to determine the antibacterial property
of liverwort extracts. These organisms were cultured in five (5) different media
preparations with different liverwort crude extract concentrations namely: T0
(Control – Ampicillin) T1 (25 ml Liverwort exract + 75 ml Disilled water) T2 ( 50 ml
Liverwort extract + 50 ml Distilled water) T3 ( 75 ml Liverwort extract + 25 ml
Distilled water) and T4 ( 100 ml Liverwort extract) respectively with 3 replicates
per treatment . Results show the clear zone of E. Coli in all the treatments after
24 hours incubation where this was measured and statistically analyzed and
came out that all the different treatments yielded a positive result. Consequently,
a post-hoc analysis using the Tukey test
was used to pinpoint which
experimental treatments significantly differ from each other in order to identify the
best treatment. T1 shows the lowest mean value of 8.89 followed by T2 and T3
respectively. T4 had the highest mean value of 14.44 which means that this
concentration can significantly disrupt the growth and multiplication of E. Coli.On
the other hand, antibiotic disc tests sensitivity using S. epidermidis show clear
zones in all experimental set-ups and further analysis proves that T1 and T2 has
the same antibiotic effect and T0, T3 and T4 have the same antibiotic effect
against S. Epidermidis which means further that T3 and T4 exert almost exert
their antibiotic effects in the same manner with that of T0. Based on the results of
the experiment, the different concentrations of liverwort extract used are
comparable to Ampicillin in terms of its ability to inhibit the growth of E. coli and
S. Epidermidis. Different concentrations of liverwort have also showed different
effects against E. coli and S. epidermidis.The study proves that the liverwort
properties possess and show promising pharmacological and biological activity
which will be used as basis for further experiments on inhibiting the growth of
pathogenic microorganisms leading to the formulation of antibiotics.
Keywords: Extracts; Antimicrobial; Liverwort; Bacteria;Treatments
114
(P43)APPLE JUICE PREVENTS ETHYLENE GLYCOL-INDUCED
UROLITHIASIS IN WISTAR RATS (Rattus norvegicus)
Precious Marie Jadie Gonzales,* Daile Meek Salvador-Membreve
Bicol University, Biology Department
* Email: preciousgonzales95@yahoo.com
In this study the antiurolithiatic effect of the commercialized apple juice, Ceres™
and fresh apple juice in ethylene glycol-induced Wistar rats were tested. The
calcium oxalate formation, body weight, kidney weight index, and the biomarkers
from blood and urine related to kidney function were evaluated. Twenty-one (21)
male albino Wistar rats were divided into seven groups with three replicates
each. Group I (control group) was not induced with ethylene glycol and
untreated, while groups II, III, IV, V, VI, and VII were induced with ethylene glycol
(0.75%) for 28 days, everyday. Group II was the negative control, it was
untreated. Groups III and IV were the preventive group treated for 28 days with
200 µl of commercialized and fresh apple juice respectively. The group V and VI
were the curative group, it was only treated for 14 days with 200 µl of
commercialized and fresh apple juice respectively. Group VII was the positive
group treated with Rowatinex (1 capsule) for 14 days. The results showed that
the ethylene glycol successfully induced calcium oxalate crystals which cause
urolithiasis. Both apple juice of the preventive group inhibits the formation of the
calcium oxalate crystals in the histological section of the rat’s kidney. It also
decreases the formation of calcium oxalate stones in the curative group.
However, the apple juice has no effect in the body weight, BUN and creatinine. It
has no effect also in urine specific gravity and pH level. Data suggest that apple
juice has no influence in restoring kidney function, however it show that it could
prevent or inhibit calcium oxalate stone formation, suggesting its antiurolithiatic
potential. It is suggested that further urine analysis will be conducted to support
the results in this study.
Keywords: Urolithiasis, Ethylene glycol, Calcium oxalate crystals, Antiurolithiatic
115
(P45)STATUS ASSESSMENT OF PHILIPPINE Clarias SPECIES USING DNA
BARCODES
1
1
2
Brian S. Santos *, Francis Peter C. Vesagas , Joycelyn C. Jumawan , Jonas P.
1
Quilang
1
Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City
1101, Philippines2 Caraga State University-Main Campus, Ampayon 8600 Butuan City,
Philippines
* Email: bryzee13@yahoo.com
Catfishes of the genus Clarias are important food fish in aquaculture. In the
Philippines, six species are documented but only three, namely, C. batrachus, C.
macrocephalus, and C. gariepinus, are found in the market today. Of these, C.
macrocephalus is both native and near threatened due to habitat loss and
competition. In this study, the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene was amplified
for 20 Agusan Marsh specimens provisionally identified as C. macrocephalus.
These specimens have a different morphology compared to other C.
macrocephalus specimens previously obtained elsewhere. The COI sequences
all matched the COI of Philippines sequences of C. macrocephalus, thus
confirming its identity. A total of 179 COI sequences from Clarias species present
in Genbank were included in the analyses. Neighbor-Joining (NJ) trees were
constructed using the Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) model. Pairwise genetic
distances were calculated. The average intraspecific and interspecific K2P
distances were 2.99% and 13.26%, respectively. There is very little sequence
diversity observed in Philippine samples of C. macrocephalus. Philippine
samples of C. batrachus and C. macrocephalus formed distinct clades while C.
gariepinus specimens clustered with those of other countries, which supports that
the former two species are native and the latter is introduced to the country. The
status of other Clarias species reported in the country is questionable and their
current presence in Philippines waters is yet to be confirmed.
Keywords: Catfish, Clariidae, DNA barcoding, Research in Life Sciences
116
(P46)CULTURE STUDIES ON ISOLATED PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES
FROM GEOTHERMAL SPRINGS AND COLD SPRINGS IN THE PROVINCES
OF ANTIQUE AND AKLAN, PANAY ISLAND, PHILIPPINES
1
2
3
Maagma, Jean Louis ; Gelito, Leonise Alessandra M. ; Doronio, Minshall D. &
4
Baldia, Susana F.
University of Santo Tomas, College of Science, Department of Biological Sciences
Phytoplankton are planktonic autotrophs that live in aquatic environment and
provide a critical role in the ecosystem as primary producers. This study focuses
on the collection, isolation, and growth of phytoplankton species found within
geothermal springs of Antique and cold springs of Aklan and Antique, Panay
Island, Visayas. Aqualitative identification of phytoplankton species present at the
different sites was conducted. Furthermore, representative species were isolated
and tested for growth at varying light intensities ranging from 3,000, 6,000, &
9,000lx, for a duration of 30 days. Twelve species belonging to Class
Chlorophyceae, Class Cyanophyceae, and Class Bacillariophyceae were present
from the cold springs and two species(Cyanophyceae) was identified from the
geothermal springs.The following species were subjected to light intensity
experiment: Anabaena sp.(Apdo, geothermal spring), Navicula sp.(Huromhurom, cold spring), and Chlorella sp.(Malumpati, cold spring). There was no
successful isolate of phytoplankton species from Sira-an (Anini-y, geothermal
spring). Among the different isolates, Chlorella sp. was found to grow best (9.405
6
x 10 cells/mL)at a light intensity of 9,000lx. While growth of Navicula sp. was
6
optimum (11.495 x 10 cells/mL) at 3,000 lx, no observable peak of growth in
Anabaena sp. was found. Further results showed a variety of phytoplankton
species from geothermal springs and cold springs of Panay suggesting sites for
collection of potential strains for future algal biotechnology studies.
Keywords: Anabaena sp., Chlorella sp., Light Intensity, Navicula sp.
117
(P47)ANTINOCECEPTIVE AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF
Pleurotus florida CRUDE EXTRACT IN MICE
Shaheed A. Hussain, Mark J. Fernandez, Shawn Eduard A. Sanchez, Analiza J.
Molina, Jane S. Pineda, Amable V. Espiritu.
1
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Angeles University
Foundation
Pleurotus florida, a basidiomycete is a common fungi found mainly served as a
dish. In this study, the methanolic extract of this fungi, cultivated in one of the
agricultural state universities in the region , was extracted of its components and
was tested for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect in mice. Prior to the
mouse application, brine shrimp (Artemia salina) hatching and lethality assay
was performed to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) of the
isolates. The assay proved that the extract did not affect the hatchability and
lethality in brine shrimp. Fifteen, 8-9 weeks old male albino mice were used as
subjects of the study, three replicates per treatment. The handling of mammalian
test animals was evaluated by the Angeles University Institutional Animal Care
TM
and use Committee. The experimental design include both Advil
and
Diclofinac as the positive control and the experimental group comprised of three
dilutions of the extract (1:10; 1:100; 1:1000).Tail flick assay and white blood cell
count showed that the extract has antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect in
mice at certain concentration (1:1000)
Keywords: Pleurotus florida, antinociceptive,
118
(P51)IDENTIFICATION OF DOMINANT SARDINELLA SPECIES FROM
SELECTED MUNICIPAL WATERS OF NORTHERN MINDANAO AND
NORTHERN ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA USING NON-SEQUENCE-BASED
MULTIPLEX PCR AMPLIFICATION
1
1
12
1
Altair Agmata , Kevin Labrador , Joseph Dominic Palermo , Jhunrey Follante ,
1
1
John Christopher Azcarraga and Maria Josefa Pante *
1
The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City
Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of the Philippines, Diliman,
Quezon City
* Email: dosette.pante@gmail.com
2
Species identification using molecular markers (e.g. Cytochrome C oxidase
subunit I, Cytochrome B, etc.) have recently been proven useful in a lot of
situations, especially when conventional identification techniques, such as
morphology-based methods, are difficult to employ. Despite that given fact, this
approach is financially demanding and time-consuming. Hence, this study aims
to design a cheap and rapid molecular-based protocol for identifying dominant
species of Sardinella without resorting to costly COI sequencing. This method
takes advantage of genetic sequence diversity as well as primer specificity,
which coalesce to form the basis for identification. Using available COI
sequences from GenBank, species-specific primers were designed based on
inter-specific differences between dominant Sardinella species. These primers
were intended to identify the species through distinct gel banding patterns using
an optimized multiplex PCR protocol. Partial COI sequences were also
generated from the same sample set to validate the results. The method will be
useful for studies involving bulk classification of problematic samples such as
juveniles, as well as those that are processed and degraded.
Keywords: Research, Multiplex PCR, COI, Sardinella
119
(P52)INTRASPECIFIC DIFFERENTIATION OF SARDINELLA LEMURU
(BLEEKER, 1853) FROM SELECTED BAYS IN NORTHERN ZAMBOANGA
PENINSULA AND NORTHERN MINDANAO USING GEOMETRIC
MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS
Jhunrey D. Follante, Kevin L. Labrador, Joseph Dominic H. Palermo, Altair B.
Agmata, John Christopher E. Azcarraga and Maria Josefa R. Pante*
The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101,
Philippines
* Email: dosette.pante@gmail.com
Sardinella lemuru is one of the highly valuable fish resources in the Philippines.
Recent data on varying spawning peaks between Northern Zamboanga and
Northern Mindanao could indicate a difference in population structure between
the sites. A total of 190 S. lemuru samples from 7 bays in the 2 sites were
analyzed by multivariate and geometric morphometric methods. Twenty-five (25)
landmarks were captured in each specimen using tpsDig v2.17. Using PAST
v2.17c, multivariate analyses was done on General Procrustes analyzed data.
The analyses were done to determine the homogeneity of the S. lemuru shape
from the different bays. Data analyses were done per bay and per main sea
system. Data grouped into 2 main systems were significantly separated by
Discriminant function analysis with a correct classification of 88.42%. However,
no robust differences can be inferred from Principal components analysis and
Canonical variates analysis.
Keywords: morphometrics, principal components analysis, population, Research
120
(P53)ESTIMATION OF PHYTOPLANKTON PIGMENTS IN THE GUT OF
SARDINES FROM NORTHERN ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA
12
1
1
1
Joseph Dominic Palermo *, Jhunrey Follante , Kevin Labrador , Altair Agmata ,
1,
1
John Christopher Azcarraga and Maria Josefa Pante
1
The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City
Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of the Philippines, Diliman,
Quezon City
* Email: jaydeepalermo@gmail.com
2
Sardines are economically important species for the canning industry in the
Northern Mindanao. It is also a major component in the overall fish landing in the
region. It is therefore imperative to impose regulated fish catch practices for its
sustainability. But it is also equally important to understand the food resources
that can possibly regulate the growth, abundance, and migration of sardines in
the region. Sardines feed on plankton and traditional gut content studies would
require tedious, laborious, and time consuming microscope analysis in identifying
the prey. We have used spectrophotometric technique to determine the pigment
indicator for phytoplankton in the gut of the sardines (Sardinella lemuro) collected
from Dapitan, Dipolog, Sindangan, Patawag, Butuan, Gingoog, Macajalar, and
Iligan Bays. Stomachs were dissected from sardines, soaked in 90% Acetone,
o
and macerated for 48 hrs in -20 C for pigment extraction. Chlorophyll degraded
products, in the form of phaeo-pigments (15.66 ± 19.47 µg/gut wet g), were found
highest in all the samples followed respectively by chlorophyll a (1.25 ± 3.78
µg/gut wet g), chlorophyll c (0.86 ± 2.04 µg/gut wet g), chlorophyll b (0.55 ± 1.36
µg/gut wet g), and total carotenoids (0.16 ± 0.34 µg/gut wet g). Phytoplankton
pigments in the gut of the sardines exhibited spatial variability. There were no
chlorophyll gut pigments found in Sindangan and Patawag Bays suggesting that
sardine samples in these sites have the ability to efficiently digest and convert
chlorophylls to phaeo-pigments. Determination of phytoplankton pigments found
in the stomach of the sardines through spectrophotometric technique proved to
be an alternative or complementary to other approaches in studying the trophic
interactions between sardines and plankton.
Keywords: Research, Gut Analysis, Plankton, Sardine
121
(P58)ECOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CULAJAO MANGROVE ECO-PARK,
ROXAS CITY, CAPIZ
1
1
1
Cristian V. Capapas *, Jaysabel D. Agana , Michelle C. Tenorio , Althon U.
1
1
1
2
Bermejo , Raquel D. Tacurda , Kent Vincent A. Bilan , Harold O. Buenvenida
1
Deparment of Natural Sciences, College of Education, Colegio de la Purisima Concepcion,
Roxas City, Capiz
2
Department of Education, Division of Capiz, Banica , Roxas City
*Email: cristiancapapas@yahoo.com
Mangroves forests serve as ecotones between land and sea. In Roxas City,
Capiz in Western Visayas Philippines, Culajao Mangrove Eco-Park is one of the
prominent mangrove forest found in the province. The present study is an effort
to collect ecological information by carrying out field studies based on ecological
survey methods at five mangrove forest sites. Five plots were made from the
eco-park’s entire area of 4.69 hectares. Quadrat sampling method was utilized.
Field survey parameters includes: Density at Breast Height (DBH), Frequency
Count, Relative Dominance, and Basal Area. Results revealed that out of 11
identified families in the eco-park, 4 families where found with 6 species identified
this includes: Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis,
Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata and Sonneratia alba. The dominant
specie identified was Avicennia marina with 92.34% cover dominance and with
frequency count of 58 individuals. The total average DBH of its species was
21.13 cm and the average Basal Area was 115,031.19 m2/ha. The number of
individual species is evenly distributed as cited by its Shannon-Wiener index
value of 1.21.Wildlife survey was likewise done. Fauna were identified to the
genus level only. Twenty two (22) species of fishes were recorded, 6 kinds of
water snakes , 14 species of crustaceans, 26 species of mollusk, 1 cnidarian, 1
species of bat, and 6 species of birds. Physico-chemical analysis of the area
revealed that the average temperature ranges from 27-36 degrees. Water clarity
was determined through the Secchi method showed that at 40 cm depth water is
clear. Salinity levels ranges from 32 to 33 ppt, while the average pH level is 5.8
interpreted as “acidic”.
Keywords: Ecological survey, Mangrove Eco-park,
122
(P56)DECOMPOSITION OF Syringodium isoetifolium (Asch.) Dandy
(NOODLE SEAGRASS) AT BOGTONG BAY, LAHUY ISLAND, CARAMOAN,
PHILIPPINES
Kim Theresa M. Nieva, Ferdinand Ralp T. Tacalan, Michael A. Clores*,
Amanda S. De Los Santos
Natural Sciences Department, Ateneo de Naga University
*Corresponding author: mclores@mbox.adnu.edu.ph
Understanding the seagrass decay process is important in analyzing the overall
ecosystem interactions of meadows. Wrack and litter accumulation along the
shoreline of the Bogtong Bay, Lahuy Island, Caramoan Peninsula is mostly
comprised by Syringodium isoetifolium (Asch.) Dandy. This study estimated the
amount of seagrass necromass of S. isoetifolium accumulation along the
shorelines, estimated the decay rates of S. isoetifolium from the litter bags,
analyzed the microbial colonization of the necromass of S. isoetifolium, and
determined the density and biomass of fauna found in the necromass
accumulations across the shorelines. Necromass samples found within 60
random quadrats along two 100-meter transects were collected during ebb tide
and flood tide along the shorelines. Decay rates were determined by incubating
in situ litter bags for 24 days. Bacterial population present in the litter was
determined by microbial plating. Loss of organic mass from litter bags was used
as a measure of detritus processing rate. Decomposition curves were traced
following the exponential decay model (Olson, 1963; Petersen and Cummins,
(-Kt)
1974). W t = W oe
where W t is the weight of material left from initial weight W 0
after time t, K is the decay constant (instantaneous decay rate). Decay constant
was calculated by fitting an exponential regression. Litter half-life was calculated
as t1/2 = ln 2/K and turnover = 1/K (Gallardo and Merino 1993). Results reveal
that: (i) more litter accumulation compared to wrack accumulation of S.
isoetifolium, (ii) average amount of biomass loss of S. isoetifolium samples
-1
placed in litter bags was 0.28 g dw day (iii) average amount of seagrass
material leaching out from the litter bags was equivalent to 1.87%. (iv) no
difference in the number of colonies of bacteria on pre-incubation and postincubation and (v) isopods had the highest density and biomass, followed by
amphiphods, crustaceans, nematodes, gastropods, and polychaetes. Findings
imply that seagrass meadows function as major natural sinks of blue carbon in
the ocean; they are also important in carbon production and export, nutrient
cycling, sediment stabilization, and trophic transfers. Wrack, litter, and detritus
provide a major role in recycling of nutrients in the sediment.
Keywords: Seagrass decomposition; Syringodium isoetifolium, Decay rates
123
(P59)PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF INTESTINAL PARASITES
AMONG GRADES 7 AND 8 STUDENTS OF ELPIDIO QUIRINO HIGH
SCHOOL, CITY OF MANILA.
Esperanza Arcilla, Dulce Marie P. Nisperos, Anthony Ian G. Pag-ong and
Maritess Sangel
Far Eastern University Manila, espiearcilla@gmail.com
Establishing a baseline data on the prevalence and associated risk factors is a
fundamental prerequisite in developing appropriate or improving control
strategies against intestinal parasitic worms or helminthes among grade school
students. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of helminths and
its contributing risk factors among randomly selected school children in Elpidio
Quirino High School. Fecal samples were collected from 79 schoolchildren and
were examined using, formalin-ether sedimentation and concentration technique.
Demographic, socioeconomic, environmental, and personal hygiene data were
collected using a pre-tested instrument. From out of the overall volunteer, 3.8 %
of them were found to be infected by ascaris, which follows the global trend on
ascaris infestation as the most prevalent helminth among school age children.
There was no significant association between parasite infection and parent’s
education, between socio-economic status and personal sanitary habits.The
output of this research can serve as baseline data in developing or improving
effective and sustainable control measures against helminthic infections.
Keywords: Intestinal parasites, parasitic infections, helminths, risk factors
124
POSTER PAPERS
- PEDAGOGICAL RESEARCH -
(P10)UTILIZATION OF ANALOGICAL REASONING STRATEGY IN
STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION
Josefina Adona Anisco
Cavite National High School, Chief E. Martin St., Caridad ,Cavite City
Email: aniscodianegrace@yahoo.com
The study determined the effectiveness of Analogical Reasoning Strategy (ARS)
in students’ understanding of animal reproduction. Two sections were used
consisting of 81 sophomore students. Quantitative as well as qualitative analyses
of data were employed. The 50-item achievement test in animal reproduction, the
learning activities, the perception survey questionnaire, and the semi-structured
interview were the instruments used in the study. The findings of the study
indicated that the utilization of Analogical Reasoning Strategy in teaching animal
reproduction significantly improved the students’ reasoning skills and conceptual
understanding. To determine the significant difference between the means of the
students’ pre test and post test scores in animal reproduction, t-Test was used
and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The t-value is -17.804 with the
corresponding probability value of 0.00. Result of the test showed that there is a
significant difference between the means of the students’ pre test and post test
scores in animal reproduction when Analogical Reasoning Strategy was used in
teaching. To determine if there is a gain in the score of the students subjected to
Analogical Reasoning Strategy, Hake factor <g> was applied. Hake factor
compares the actual score improvement to the possible score improvement. It
measures how much the students gain on the test. Using the formula, the value
of Hake factor <g> is 0.12. It can be inferred from the result that there is an
improvement in the scores of the students showing a positive result. The
students’ perceptions toward the use of Analogical Reasoning Strategy were
positive or favourable. Students found that Analogical reasoning helped them
enhanced their reasoning skills.
An increase in gain scores of the students and their positive or favourable
response to the use of the ARS indicate that this strategy can improve their
learning in Integrative Biology.
Keywords: Analogical Reasoning Strategy, Integrative Biology, Animal
reproduction
125
(P50)INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
COMPETENCY OF BIOLOGY TEACHERS : IMPLICATIONS TO BIOLOGY
EDUCATION
1,2
2
Erwin P. Elazegui , Dr. Zenaida D.R. Los Baños , Dr. Maricar W. Ching
2
1
College of Science, Technological University of the Philippines-Manila.
2
Graduate School, Centro Escolar University-Manila
Email: ngsepe@yahoo.com
The study was designed to assess the ICT competencies of Biology teachers in
Metro Manila. ICT as essential part in education, teachers is expected to play a
critical role in the learning process using this technology innovation. Descriptive
correlational method was used to analyze inputs of teacher respondents.
Purposive sampling was employed. The research questionnaire was based on
the National ICT Competency Standard for Teachers. It is divided into four
domains : Technology Operation and Concepts, Social and Ethical, Pedagogical
and Professional. The study reveals that majority of the teacher respondents are
moderately knowledgeable and moderately competent on the use of ICT. The
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that age and number of years in teaching
has significant difference, gender and type of school has no significant difference
in terms of the ICT competency domains. Likewise, correlation tests showed
moderate negative correlation on four domains, high positive correlation on age
and years of teaching. Findings also indicate that the teacher-respondents are
sufficiently equipped to integrate ICT in their teaching. Major challenges to ICT
usage among teachers were related to funding of ICT training, availability of
facility and workload on the part of teachers. The K 12 curriculum should focus
on a wider range of ICT experience so that teachers could improve their ICT
competency level and prepare them for their role as facilitators of learning.
Keywords: ICT competency standard, biology teachers, biology education,
technology innovation.
126
(P22)PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ CONCEPTIONS OF THE
NATURE OF SCIENCE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO CLASSROOM
PRACTICE
1
*Katherine Pilongo – Caga-anan *, Dr. John Mitchell O’Toole
2
1
College of Teacher Education, University of Mindanao, 8000 Davao City, Philippines
School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 NSW, Australia
*Email: kcpkj1106@gmail.com
There are significant tensions regarding relative international educational
effectiveness. In the science education field such concerns churn around the
extent of science understanding with which students leave school. There have
been suggestions that this aspect of science literacy is related to how well
teachers help students to understand the nature of science. Previous research
indicates the existence of both naïve and sophisticated views of this among both
teachers and students. However, little research exists regarding Filipino students
preparing to teach science in a locally and international fluid context, particularly
how their views of the nature of science relate to their classroom teaching
practices. It was the purpose of this qualitative study involving seven pre-service
science teachers from a single institution in Mindanao, Republic of the
Philippines, to better understand the relationship of teacher views of the nature of
science and the way that they taught science during their final teaching practice.
Data was gathered through non-participant class observations, document,
interview and survey analysis. Findings reveal that pre-service science teachers
hold a mixture of naïve and sophisticated views of the nature of science.
Their views of science as empirically based (a potentially sophisticated view),
subject to strict method and producing absolute knowledge (naïve views)
transferred into their planning and delivery of practice lessons to a minor but
discernible extent. The views of science emerging from interview and survey
were more varied and more sophisticated than appeared from the lessons
planned or observed. The implications of this study are significant because they
support some indications in the literature that wider teacher conceptions can
translate into practice. This suggests that change in the conceptions held by
these teachers might lead to change in the experiences they offer to students in
their classes. The research process piloted in this small study could be scaled up
to make a useful contribution to science education as the nation for which it was
context moves into a period of rapid curriculum change.
Keywords.Nature of Science (NOS); conceptions of the nature of science;
classroom/teaching practice
127
(P27)THE COASTAL COMMUNITY AS CONTEXT FOR CULTURE-BASED
SCIENCE LITERACY
Harold O. Buenvenida
Department of Education, Pawa National High School, Pawa, Panay, Capiz 5801; West
Visayas State University, Lapaz, Iloilo City
Email: harold_ob@yahoo.com
Funds of knowledge that were present within the coastal communities proved to
be a valuable resource for teachers. People from the coastal communities have
rich repositories of accumulated knowledge of the numerous aspects of the
environment. This study was conducted with the purpose of uncovering local
knowledge bases through ethnographic exploration. This qualitative-quantitative
study was conceived to develop materials and strategies for secondary science
teachers in the application of knowledge, skills and approach in teaching biology
using the coastal community as context. Guided by the theoretical perspective of
social constructivism, action ethnography was employed. Data were generated
through cultural memory banking and by developing memory bank charts.. Gaps
were identified and a custom designed instructional material was developed. A
seminar-workshop was participated by high school science teachers to help
address the gaps. The outputs of the seminar were processed and integrated
into the learning material. Moreover, a try-out of the learning material was made.
Two classes were utilized to compare the pretest, posttest achievement scores of
the students. Results revealed that classes who utilized the culture-contextcommunity-based approach performed better. This community-based knowledge
is an indispensable resource for use in science and also across content areas of
the curriculum.The study also developed two important theoretical contributions.
First a model on how to create culturally relevant community-based learning
through: (a) mining local funds of knowledge from the community, (b)
constructing cultural memory bank, (c) developing a contextual-learning strategy
for coastal communities, (d) developing a tailor-fitted instructional material for
coastal communities and (d) teaching culture-based, and context-based science
in schools. The second contribution is the Theory of Community Learning
Exchange Valorization . This theory attempts to conglomerate conceptions and
notions about the “mining” of the community funds of knowledge and the way this
knowledge can be “valorized” and be “given back” to the community.
Keywords: culture-based, science teaching, contextual learning, pedagogical
practice
128
(P29)A PATH ANALYSIS STUDY OF COLLEGE STUDENTS’ PROECOLOGICAL PSYCHOGRAPHICS TO CONSERVE BIODIVERSITY
1
2
Maria Rosario Virginia S. Cobar-Garcia * Moises Norman Z. Garcia , Lily F.
1
Famadico
1
Philippines
*Email: bing2garcia@yahoo.com
2
Conserving biodiversity is crucial in addressing some of the world’s greatest
challenges, e.g., climate change, sustainable development and food security.
The Philippines’ biodiversity is important locally and globally because most of its
endemic species are on the brink of extinction. From the list of countries that
suffered most from extreme weather and weather-related loss events, the
country is rank 1 as of 2013.The primary aim of the study is to provide baseline
data on the pro-ecological psychographics of Filipino college students in order to
explore the causal relationships and influences of respondents’ conceptual
understanding on biodiversity conservation and other variables on study - proEcological Beliefs; pro-Ecological Attitude; pro-Ecological Empathy; and proEcological Self-Efficacy - on their pro-Ecological Behavioral Intentions to
conserve biodiversity. Freshmen students (N=124), aged 15 to 22, were
purposively chosen for this quantitative–descriptive study. A 127-item survey
questionnaire was fielded and responses were analyzed via descriptive statistical
analysis and Structural Equation Modeling to investigate the relationships
between the criterion variable and the predictor variables. Structural Equation
Modeling results show that Conceptual Understanding have an influence on
students’ pro-Ecological Attitude, pro-Ecological Empathy and pro-Ecological
Self-Efficacy. Conceptual Understanding strongly influenced students’ proEcological Attitude while only pro-Ecological Empathy directly affect proEcological Behavioral Intentions. There is also a negative interaction existing
between Conceptual Understanding and pro-Ecological Beliefs of the students.
The results might have provided clues as to the need for higher education to
strictly comply with RA 9512 to prompt college students to have pro-Ecological
Behavioral Intentions to take pro-Ecological Actions in order to help address
global warming and climate change issues.
Keywords: Global issues and solutions, theory of planned behavior, RA 9512,
Biodiversity conservation
129
(P30)COMPARING PRE AND POST- INSTRUCTION PATH ANALYSES OF
COLLEGE STUDENTS’ WILLINGNESS TO PARTICIPATE IN BIODIVERSITY
CONSERVATION
1
2
Moises Norman Z. Garcia * Maria Rosario Virginia S. Cobar-Garcia , Lily F.
2
Famadico
1
Philippines
2
* Email: normanzgarcia@yahoo.com
Promoting the participation of Filipino College students in biodiversity
conservation is indeed a challenge for environmental and science educators. It is
considered the holy grail of environmental education since the ultimate change
that teachers would want to observe in their students is their pro-environmental
behavior even at the end of the course. Thus, this interventional, purposive,
single-group design study attempts to investigate the effectiveness of a novel
instruction through a pre and post- instruction survey. The pedagogical
intervention integrates the STS Issue Investigation and Action Instruction of Rye
and Rubba with the 5E instructional Model of Bybee et. al. The aim of the study
is to explore the influence of the learners’ conceptual understanding about basic
ecology, ecological beliefs and worldviews, attitude towards nature, empathy
towards environmental degradation, and self-efficacy on willingness to participate
in conservation efforts before and after instruction under the Theory of Planned
Behavior framework of Ajzen. Participants involved in the study were 238 first
year BS Accountancy students. Structural Equation Modeling and Path Analyses
revealed at pre-instruction, that none of these variables is positively related to
willingness to participate. At post-instruction, conceptual understanding had
influence on willingness to participate through empathy toward rainforest
degradation. This study can provide insights as to how environmental awareness
through RA 9512 (The National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of
2008) can effectively be integrated into the natural science curriculum in the
tertiary level. This is to prompt the Filipino youth to participate in conservation
efforts if confronted with environmental issues like biodiversity loss and climate
change.
Keywords: Global issues and solutions, conceptual understanding, empathy,
biodiversity conservation
130
(P33)ENHANCING CRITICAL AND CREATIVE THINKING SKILLS IN
BIOLOGY THROUGH PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING
1, 2, 3
Jason A. Orozco
1
2
3
*, Rosanelia T. Yangco , & Zenaida D.R. Los Baños
Philippine Normal University- Manila,
2
University of the Philippines- Diliman, 3Centro Escolar University- Manila
* Email : jason_orozco81@yahoo.com
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Problem-Based
Learning on the critical and creative thinking skills of high school biology
students. The study utilized a quasi-experimental design specifically the pretestposttest control group design on two sections of high school biology students in a
Filipino-Chinese school in the Quezon City. One class was exposed to instruction
with problem-based learning (PBL) while the other class was exposed to
conventional instruction (Non-PBL). Both sections were taught by the teacherresearcher during the first grading period of School Year 2012-2013. The critical
and creative thinking skills tests and the scoring rubric used were developed by
the researcher and were validated by experts and pilot tested before they were
administered to the research participants. The gathered data were analyzed
using t-test for independent samples, t-test for paired samples, and linear
regression. Based from the findings of the study, it was concluded that: 1.
Students exposed to instruction with PBL have a higher posttest mean score in
the Critical Thinking Skills Test than the students who are exposed to instruction
without PBL. 2. Students exposed to instruction with PBL have a higher posttest
mean score in the Creative Thinking Skills Test than the students who are
exposed to conventional instruction. 3. Critical thinking skill is a significant
positive predictor of creative thinking skill. It is recommended that teachers use
the PBL approach in biology classes and that future researchers examine the
effects of the PBL approach on other higher order thinking skills.
Keywords: problem-based learning, critical and creative thinking skills,
pedagogical practices
131
WORKSHOPS | HANDS-ON DEMONSTRATIONS
Competing Papers
[1] MUSHROOM GROWING SEMINAR AND HANDS ON
TRAINING FOR OYSTER MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
Lourdes V. Alvarez and Abigail Mae Jambaro
Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa, Manila
Email: lvalvarez@pup.edu.ph
Mushrooms are being cultivated worldwide for their nutritional and
medicinal value. Agricultural wastes rich in lignocellulosic substances are
commonly used as substrates for mushroom cultivation. Moreover,
selected urban wastes that contain lignocellulosic substances, such as
used paper, leaf litters, fruit peels, etc., are also potential substrates
which, when utilized, can help lessen wastes in the environment. The
objective of the workshop is to demonstrate the procedures on how to
cultivate oyster mushroom using selected urban lignocellulosic
substrates. The short seminar will include the discussion on the
following: introduction to mushroom cultivation; importance of
mushrooms (health benefits); types of edible mushrooms in the
Philippines; culture condition for fructification of basidiocarp
(temperature, aeration/ventilation, humidity); and harvesting and storage
of mature fruiting body. The hands-on training will include procedures on:
propagation of pure culture; preparation and production of grain spawn;
composting and preparation of substrates; bagging and sterilization of
substrates; seeding spawn to the substrates and incubation of the fruiting
bags. Attendance to this training will not only enable the participants to
learn the techniques on mushroom cultivation but will also encourage
them to use the learned skills as additional source of livelihood.
Keywords: lignocellulose, mushroom cultivation, oyster mushroom, urban
substrates
132
[2] QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND
RESPIRATION EXPERIMENTS THROUGH LOW-COST
MODERN TECHNOLOGY
Rachel Jean S. Cabangon1,2, Regina Joyce E. Ferrer1, Sonia D. Jacinto1,
and Giovanni A. Tapang2
1Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines-Diliman
2Versatile Instrumentation System for Science Education and Research, National
Institute of Physics, College of Science, University of the Philippines-Diliman
Email: rscabangon@up.edu.ph
Higher biology education requires the inclusion of laboratory experiments
that are coupled to the lecture discussions. These experiments are
expected to improve the understanding of the students in the fields of
biology such as plant and animal morphology, physiology, development,
genetics, and ecology. While some experiments could be done through
simple inspection, dissection, or microscopy, there are still a handful of
experiments that require accurate and precise quantitative and
qualitative analysis. The Versatile Instrumentation System for Science
Education System (VISSER), funded by the DOST and the UP-OVPAA
EIDR (C2-B-02-612-07), aims to provide low-cost sensor set-ups and
handheld devices that are crucial for quantitative and qualitative
analyses in biology experiments. Replicates of the sensor set-ups and
handheld devices have been developed and are ready for hands-on
trials. For instance, VISSER has included a light sensor on a
conventional photosynthesis experiment set-up to achieve a quantitative
estimate of the rate of photosynthesis in Hydrilla. Also, the amount of
carbon dioxide produced during respiration could be quantitatively
monitored through the VISSER carbon dioxide sensor set-up. VISSER
has an active collaboration with the Institute of Biology, University of the
Philippines-Diliman to develop more sensor set-ups that are welladapted to existing laboratory experiments.
Keywords: technology, sensor set-ups
133
[3] THE LICHEN GAME: AN AMAZING RACE TO FIND THE
MISSING LICHEN
Krystle Angelique Santiago1,3, Shenly Marie Gazo3, Rio Frances
Callores3, Edith de Jesus3,4, Ma. Victoria B. Pangilinan2,3, Jaycee
Augusto Paguirigan2,3, and Thomas Edison E. dela Cruz2,3
1
Institute of Arts and Sciences, Far Eastern University, Manila, Philippines
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, and
3
Fungal Biodiversity and Systematics Group, Research Center for the Natural
and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
4
College of Arts and Sciences, Southern Luzon State University, Quezon,
Philippines
Email: tedelacruz@mnl.ust.edu.ph
2
Lichens are a mutualistic association between a fungus (the mycobiont)
and its photosynthetic partner (the phycobiont or photobiont), either a
cyanobacterium or a green alga. The fungus provides “shelter” and
absorbed minerals and water to its photosynthetic partner while the
phycobiont releases nutrients or photosynthetic products to its host
mycobiont. Their unique symbiosis has allowed both organisms to thrive
equally well in habitats where both species will have difficulty growing if
alone, e.g. on rock surfaces directly exposed to sunlight, on dry, desert
sands, on coastal rocks constantly splashed with seawater, on nutrientpoor bark surfaces of trees, etc. There are three major types of lichens
based on their thallus morphology: crustose, foliose and fruticose.
Crustose forms a flat thallus attached to their substrata, foliose forms a
leaf-like thallus, while fruticose lichens can be erect, growing from the
ground or pendant, attached and hanging from a tree branch. In this
presentation, an ”amazing race” type of game was developed to
introduce lichens to the participants (students/teachers). Designed as a
classroom activity, several pit stops will be stationed within the
classroom. In each pit stop, participating groups need to answer a set of
questions or perform a specific task related to lichens. Only when they
correctly answered the questions or completed the task will they be
allowed to proceed to the next pit stop. The game ends when the team
reached the final pit stop. Prior to the implementation of the game, a
short lecture will be presented to introduce lichens to the participants.
Keywords: class game, classroom activity, research
134
[4] USE OF GEOMETRIC MORPHOMETRICS TO ASSESS
POPULATION VARIATION
Brian S. Santos
Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman,
Quezon City 1101, Philippines
Email: bryzee13@yahoo.com
Analyzing shape variation is essential in biological research, particularly
in population studies. Traditionally, shape variation is quantified using
linear distances or meristic counts as variables. This approach is known
as multivariate or traditional morphometrics. Geometric morphometrics,
on the other hand, records data in the form of coordinates of landmark
points. Landmarks are anatomical points that may have structural,
functional, developmental, or evolutionary significance. These are plotted
on the digital image of each specimen and the coordinates of the
landmarks are then generated. Shape variation is analyzed based on the
position of the landmarks relative to each other. In this way, all geometric
information is retained throughout the analysis and shape variation can
easily be visualized. Image processing techniques have greatly
enhanced morphometric analysis and have greatly improved
identification and discrimination among populations or even taxonomic
groups.
Geometric morphometrics is an excellent tool for instructing biology
students for the following reasons: it is low cost; the required programs
are readily available; it could address a wide variety of biological
problems; and it employs statistical and experimental design concepts
that would enhance a student’s analytical capability. Geometric
morphometrics have been used in studies featured in front covers of
Philippine journals.
In this workshop, I will demonstrate the use of geometric morphometrics
in discriminating populations of a fish species. I would require an LCD
projector as I give a brief overview. I will bring my own laptop and a
portable device containing the image files of fish specimens and
installers for the digitization and superimposition programs needed for
the analysis. These will be shared to the participants. They would need
only their laptops for the hands-on workshop.
Keywords: geometric morphometrics, multivariate statistics, population
studies, research in life sciences
135
[5] DIFFERENTIATED APPROACHES IN TEACHING CELL
REPRODUCTION FOR GRADE 8 CLASS
Christine May A. Torres
Columban College, Barretto, Olongapo City
Email: darchgurl@gmail.com
During the previous curriculum, one of the least learned competencies
among Biology Classes is Cell Reproduction. With this, many classroom
strategies were developed in order to address the said problem.
On the other hand, with the challenge of the new curriculum in
addressing the varied types of learners, differentiated instruction was
given emphasis among educators. This differentiated instruction aims to
reach out in addressing the need of these different types of learners –
visual, auditory and tactile.
In this workshop, differentiated classroom strategies will be
demonstrated in teaching Cell Reproduction for Grade 8 K12 Class
including picture gaming for visual learners, Music Video for auditory
learners and game simulation for tactile learners. From the said
workshop, participants will experience a brief execution of the learning
plan for Cell Reproduction through demonstrations and simulations.
Initially, these activities were found to be effective because by doing so,
students’ participation in the discussions increased as it prompts
variation and interaction among learners. Immediate feed backing
becomes possible using the different techniques used.
The said activity is being recommended to be used not only in Science
but in other subjects. Also, the author highly recommends evaluation of
the said strategy for further improvement.
Keywords: differentiated learning, K to 12, pedagogical practices
136
[6] LET’S MAKE A BABY! THE USE OF 3-D MANIPULATIVE
MODEL AS A LEARNING TOOL IN GENETICS
Ara Gabrielli A. Guevara1, Nerissa K. Torreta2, Christia A. Guevara3
1
2
3
BSMST, Associate Professor, Assistant Professor, Plant Biology Division,
Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College,
Laguna
Email: araguevara28@gmail.com
A 3D manipulative model was developed as a learning tool to reinforce
students’ integrated science process skills and understanding of
Mendel’s Law of Inheritance, specifically the Law of Segregation. The
learning package also comes with a supplementary presentation to
review genetic concepts, instruction and post-activity evaluation sheets.
Intended for Grade 10 students, this Learning Tool was evaluated by a
panel of experts and was used in actual classes of Grade 9 students.
Intended to be used by a pair to represent “Parental Generation”, tossing
of coins will determine the combination of genotypes which will serve as
the basis in determining the phenotypes that will determine the set of
traits of the resulting “Offspring”. The use of 3D manipulative model in
learning genetics facilitates teaching, improves student engagement in
the learning process, and enhances learning through increased retention
of concepts and principles studied.
Keywords: 3D manipulative model, genetics, K to 12, learning tool
137
[7] APPROACHES TO INQUIRY-BASED INSTRUCTION IN THE
TEACHING OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Lea C. Garcia and Abriel S. Bulasag
University of the Philippines Rural High School, CAS, UPLB, College, Laguna
Email: leureal@yahoo.com, asbulasag@up.edu.ph
As an essential concept in biology, photosynthesis is the key biochemical
process that produces chemical energy for life on Earth. Organisms, both
autotrophic and heterotrophic, rely on this chemical process for nutrients.
However, this complex chemical reaction that occurs in the leaves of
plants, particularly in the chloroplasts, is very difficult for most students to
understand. In fact, if students are asked how they understand this
process, they could hardly express their thoughts. A simulation, in the
form of role playing, is a teaching tool that can be a powerful motivator to
promote students' learning of the concept. This teaching tool can
facilitate students' thinking as they make and explore predictions. The
use of role playing in the teaching of biology puts the teacher into a new
role -- no longer that of a presenter of information but is required to see
their students as active constructors of their learning. Games are a lot
more practical than examinations and quizzes that teachers make. Any
game excites students and provides positive reinforcement. It also
provides a practical simulation of what students are learning. As students
participate in the game, there is a learning environment that is always
observed. Two (2) activities are presented here. The first activity is a role
playing on the light reactions of photosynthesis. This activity is good for
30 minutes. The second activity is a game, “Identifying the Unknown”
which is all about photosynthesis concepts where the identity of the
concept will be determined through analyzing patterns and relationships.
This activity is good for 15 minutes. The activities presented may be
adopted by the science teachers as approaches to inquiry-based
instruction in the teaching of biology.
Keywords: inquiry-based instruction, pedagogy, role-playing game
138
[8] OUTCOMES-BASED EDUCATION (OBE) AS A POSSIBLE
TOOL GEARED TOWARDS QUALITY EDUCATION FOR K TO
12 AND HEI PROGRAMS
Zomesh A. Maini, M.Sc.
Department of Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila
University, Loyola Heights, Q.C.
Email:
Outcomes based education (OBE) is an efficient tool to enhance
methods of learning assessment. Having a high degree of malleability, it
can be made to fit to any grade level and course in order to implement
strict guidelines of an educational governing body, while involving the
organization that chooses to practice it. The mission, vision, and goals of
any institution can be used as a guide to form their ideal graduate, which
can be made more specific and streamlined by looking at the necessary
skills, competencies and even values that its graduates need to possess
at the end of their instruction. This workshop will be sub-divided into: a
general overview of what OBE is; Developing Expected Learning
outcomes (ELO) fit to the competency level of students being taught;
identifying methods of sharing, presenting and determining teaching
content to meet the ELOs; and finally, identifying specific assessment
methods in order to appropriately evaluate the attainment of the ELOs.
Keywords: assessment, K to 12, outcomes based education,
139
[9] INVESTIGATING MENDELIAN INHERITANCE AND GENE
INTERACTION THROUGH PHENOTYPIC RATIOS
Prof. Jae Joseph Russell B. Rodriguez, Dr. Rita P. Laude
Genetics and Molecular Biology Division, Institute of Biological Sciences, College
of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, College, Laguna
4031
Email: jbrodriguez@up.edu.ph
Gregor Mendel, through his experiments with the garden pea, had
formulated two laws that govern the behavior of genes. The law of
segregation states that alleles of a gene pair separate from each other
cleanly during meiosis. The law of independent segregation, on the other
hand, considers more than one gene pair located on different
chromosomes: alleles of different genes separate from each other
completely and randomly combine during meiosis. Mendel in his
experimental crosses established these laws based on observed
phenotypic ratios in progeny generations. In all traits considered, he
proposed that genes exist in pairs of alleles where one allele is always
expressed whenever present in the individual, i.e. it is completely
dominant over the other allele. This provides basis for the observed 3:1
and 9:3:3:1 F2 phenotypic ratios in the monohybrid and dihybrid crosses,
respectively. However, many other traits exhibited by plants and animals
seem to exhibit other types of dominance as well as non-allelic
interactions. The existence of such interactions is indicated by
phenotypic ratios that deviate from ratios expected when only complete
dominance in a gene is involved. In this workshop, we show that
inheritance of these traits conforms to Mendelian laws of inheritance but
various types of gene interaction may result to the modification of the
phenotypic ratios. Events in meiosis that influence the behavior of the
genes will be briefly reviewed. Allelic and non-allelic interactions will be
discussed through examples of traits in plants and animals. In the
laboratory activity, students will investigate interactions that govern
inheritance of endosperm type and color in corn, and grain color in rice
using actual F2 populations. Hypotheses concerning gene interaction will
be formulated based on observed phenotypic ratios and will be tested
through the chi-square test of goodness-of-fit.
Keywords: gene interaction, genetics, Mendelian inheritance,
140
[10] BIODIVERSITY OF AQUATIC ARTHROPODS: A FUN
ACTIVITY FOR THE BIOLOGY CLASS AND A CHALLENGE
FOR SCIENCE
Hendrik Freitag
Department of Biology, Ateneo de Manila University, Katipunan Ave., Loyola
Hts., Q.C.
Email: hfreitag@admu.edu
Through all levels of education, probably from grade school up to
university, it has been a popular protocol for biology teachers to present
their students with some tiny little creatures in a drop of water for
investigation under the microscope. Although it has rarely failed to
impress the class, such experiments went out of style in times where
students are commonly so estranged from nature that they do know wild
animals only from computer-animated documentaries.
This workshop aims to encourage participants to revive the old fashion of
putting some aquatic arthropods from the backyard under the
microscope. On the other hand, we take this traditional practice up to
discuss the state of knowledge, methods and developments of
biosystematic research in Philippine freshwater arthropods.
An introductory lecture will skim through the common taxa of freshwater
macroinvertebrates, highlight their ecological importance and emphasize
their potential use as bio-indicators and environmental monitoring
organisms.
During a subsequent laboratory session, the participants will attempt to
identify some taxa under the microscope. Priority will be given to aquatic
insects. Literature, handouts, and assistance will be provided.
We will deliver insight into the principles and problems of the scientific
description of new species, as well as some practical tips for your next
field trip.
Keywords: freshwater arthropods, microscopy, pedagogical practices,
research
141
[11] THE ROLE OF AQUAFEEDS IN FISH NUTRITION
Janice A. Ragaza
Department of Biology, Ateneo de Manila University, Katipunan Ave., Loyola
Hts., Q.C.
Email: jragaza@ateneo.edu
A clear understanding of the basic principles behind fish nutrition and
feeding is necessary for aquaculture research. The workshop focuses on
the digestive anatomy, nutrient requirement and feeding standards for
various Philippine marine and freshwater fish species. Growth and
maintenance of cultured fish species necessitate proper feed formulation
and preparation. Current trends and innovations in aquafeeds provide
important insights into the management, marketability and research of
cultured fish species. Participants of the workshop are expected to
formulate a fish diet and do hands-on feed preparation.
Keywords: aquaculture, aquafeeds, fish nutrition, research
142
[12] INTEGRATING BIOINFORMATICS IN CELL AND
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LABORATORY INSTRUCTIONS
Vivian A. Panes
Department of Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila
University, Katipunan Avenue, Loyola Heights, 1108 Quezon City
Email: vpanes@ateneo.edu
Research in the biological sciences has been changed by the logarithmic
increase of web-based publicly available databases as a result of the
Human Genome Project. Side by side with advances in computational
procedures and genomic techniques, these databases (i.e., GenBank,
OMIM, Ensembl, SALAD, KEGG), now contain a vast array of very large
datasets which, in turn, have expanded. These databases, combining
cell and molecular biology with computers (bioinformatics), signify a
new breed of scientific literature having a different purpose from the
conventional publications indexed in databases such as PubMed. They
contain enormous amounts of biological data in a highly interconnected
environment. This computer-based laboratory seminar-workshop focuses
on the concepts of bioinformatics at the undergraduate level. The aim is
to combine bioinformatics education into existing cell and molecular
biology laboratory exercises. The computer exercises are described into
four modules of complexity that cover finding information at NCBI, using
PubMed’s interface as a model for searching and linking to information at
NCBI, learning to globally search and analyze bioinformatics information
at NCBI’s Entrez and eventually, gaining the skill to effectively hyperlink
search and analyze gene structure and function information through
various Gene Entrez Databases.
Keywords: bioinformatics, database, genome, laboratory
143
[13] ANIMATE YOUR CLASSROOM!: USING INTERACTIVE
ANIMATIONS AND SIMULATIONS TO BOOST ENGAGEMENT
AND FACILITATE LEARNING IN BIOLOGY
Crisologo, Dawn and Gunda, Jericca
Philippine Science High School Main Campus, Agham Road, Diliman, Quezon
City
Email: dtcrisologo@pshs.edu.ph
Computer animations and simulations can be powerful teaching tools
that allow students to visualize and explore biological processes that are
difficult to observe, i.e. those that take place over large periods of time,
occur within living organisms or at the cellular or molecular levels
(SERC, 2015). Their dynamic and interactive nature engage students,
build conceptual understanding of science concepts, and aid in long-term
retention (Rice, 2013; Adams, 2010; McClean, et al., 2004). Best
practices in choosing animations or simulations compatible with
instructional goals, developing questions that can scaffold inquiry
learning skills for students, implementing these learning activities, and
assessing their effects on student learning will be applied by the
participants in this workshop.
Keywords: animations, learning, pedagogical practices, student
engagement
144
[14] BIOINFORMATICS APPROACH ON INFERRING
EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS
Denis Dyvee R. Errabo
Justice Cecilia Muñoz Palma High School; Institute of Biology, University of the
Philippines
Email: denisdyvee_errabo@yahoo.com
Bioinformatics have been used as an effective approach in teaching
evolutionary relationships. This encourages technologically adept
teachers and learners towards the 21st century skill. The use of
molecular data provided by the National Center for Biotechnology
Information (NCBI) in conjecture with software (MEGA) 6.0 version which
computes and devices pairwise and multiple alignment thus lead to infer
phylogenetic and evolutionary relationship.
Keywords: alternative assessment, pedagogical practices, research in
life science, technology in biology education
145
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151
BIOTA CHAPTERS
Ateneo de Manila University (AdMU) Chapter Officers
2014-2015
President:
Vice President:
Secretary:
Treasurer:
Auditor:
P.R.O.:
Adviser:
DR. MERAB A. CHAN
JAN LORIE M. ROBIL
ADRIA RAE ABIGAIL R. EDA
MARIA KATRINA C. CONSTANTINO
ARNI G. GILBUENA
RONALD ALLAN L. CRUZ
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152
Far Eastern University (FEU) Manila Chapter Officers
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Vice President:
Secretary:
Treasurer:
Auditor:
PRO:
Advisers:
ESMERALDA D. MOSTAJO
CHRISTINE CHANCO
MARY VICTORY GUTIERREZ
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GLORINA P. OROZCO
153
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Vice-President (Internal):
Secretary:
Treasurer:
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ZENAIDA DR. LOS BAÑOS
EUFRECINA JEAN DR RAMIREZ
ALICIA I. YU
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AGNES S. MAGNAYE
ERWIN P. ELAZEGUI
GARY ANTONIO LIRIO
ROSALINA MACALINTAL
JENNIFER CONSING
LILY ACERO
JULIETA Z. DUNGCA
TERESA R. PEREZ
154
University of the Philippines Diliman Chapter Officers
2015
President:
Vice-President (Internal):
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Secretary:
Treasurer:
Assistant Treasurer:
Auditor:
P.R.O:
Adviser:
JASON A. OROZCO
SALLY B. GUTIEREZ
JON SITHLI P. MENDOZA
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KYRIE GRANT G. TACLOBAO
LEOGIVER G. MAÑOSCA
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MAILA C. CATUDIO
ROSANELIA YANGCO
155
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President:
Vice President:
Secretary:
Treasurer:
Asst. Treasurer:
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PRO (2):
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PRISCILA BAWAYAN
DAHLIA SORIANO
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PAULINE PUNASEN
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DEEMSON MONES
FELY SARMIENTO
156
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RAQUEL T. DE CASTRO
FILIPINAS L. BOGNOT
NIDA AGUAS
DENNIS DIZON
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NENITA DAYRIT
157
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158
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AMANDA DE LOS SANTOS
For Basic Education
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MARLON IGNACIO
For Higher Education
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MYRA LUZ HOMILLANO
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MICHAEL A. CLORES
SOCORRO P. DEL CASTILLO
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159
Catanduanes State University - Catanduanes
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President:
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Business Mgrs:
MMO:
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ABELISA D. EVANGELISTA
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ROSEL T. IBARDALOZA
160
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DIVINA S. MORTEJO
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EDUARDO M. CABALANG, JR. (Koronadal City)
DR. EDGAR E. GONZALES (Tacurong/Sultan Kudarat)
IVY B. YECYEC
(Kidapawan/North Cotabato)
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161
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RAINIER P. SULARTE
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MARIA VANESSA J. RESULLAR
JOVEL C. GARCIA
Adviser:
ANA MARIE T. ACEVEDO
162
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JOSEPH VINELES
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Asst. Secretary:
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MIRASOL LABERINTO
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SHEILA PARCON
163
Quezon Chapter Officers
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ROSELYN Q. GOLFO
CLIFFORD S.LAGAR
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JOY ANNE B. ESGUERRA
BERNADETTE A. ABSULIO
MINDA A. INOC
FELIX S. DUDAS
164
Western Visayas Chapter Officers
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Assistant Secretary:
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P.R.O.:
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ANNA MARIA DAGUAY
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REGINA SAMILLANO
MARLON PAJUTAGANA
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FERLY PEÑAVERDE
PORFERIO BANGCAYA
RESURRECCION B. SADABA
165
Negros Chapter Officers
SY 2014-2015
President:
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Secretary:
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Auditor:
P.R.O.:
Representatives:
CESAR P. ESTROPE
ESTHER E. CARUMBANA
EUGENE F. CALINGACION
SANCIE I. LORICO
MARIA ELVIE E. SIENES
JOEL J. MELENDREZ (Neg-South)
DARWIN E. LINDAYAO (Neg-North)
CHERRY ANN D. BULATE (Dgte Div)
SHIELA O. CADIMAS (Negor Div/ 2nd District)
ABEGAIL A. FERNANDEZ (Negor Div/ 1st District)
TITA A. VISORRO (Negor Div/ 2nd District)
JOEL T. GENEL (Negor Div/ 3rd District)
SANDY M. HURTADO (Dgte Div-Private)
GWENNETH M. TORALDE (Bayawan Div)
SUSAN P. BIAL (Negor Div/ 3rd District)
GRACE T. DECIPOLO (Tanjay Div)
LIZA J. CABALLERO (NORSU Bayawan-Sta. Catalina)
VENUS B. KINAMOT (NORSU DGTE)
ROGER S. MALAHAY (NORSU Guihulngan)
166
Bukidnon Chapter Officers
President:
Vice-President:
ANDREA G. AZUELO
WILFRED ALAVA
Secretary:
ALMA B. MOHAGAN
Associate Secretary:
Treasurer:
Associate Treasurer:
Auditor:
MARILOU M. EDIZA
LORELEI A. SAMANIEGO
MARILOU M. EDIZA
EDGAR MANSORO
167
Liceo de Cagayan University Chapter Officers
President:
LESLEY CASAS LUBOS
Vice-President:
JAIME H. ORBE
Secretary:
Treasurer:
Auditor:
PRO:
Board of Directors:
CHRISTIAN D. MAGDALE
PRECY M. GALDO
FELIX L. NISTAL
ARNIE ARNALDA C. PETALCORIN
EVA GLADYS B. BADAR
JOERGELYN E. BARLISAN
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
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MAJOR SPONSORS
Hon. Quezon City Mayor Herbert Constantine M. Bautista
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MINOR SPONSOR
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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DOST- Science & Technology Information Institute (STII)
University Hotel, U.P. Diliman
178
The Philippine BIOTA Journal
CONTINUING CALL
FOR MANUSCRIPT SUBMISSION
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submission of electronic copies of articles. Articles
submitted for consideration are PRIMARY and
ORIGINAL papers. Review articles may occasionally be
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and previously UNPUBLISHED materials on any topic
relevant to Biology, Science Education, or Biology
Research. Manuscripts are selected for publication
according to the editorial assessment of their
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expertise. Contributors may suggest reviewers. After
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Manuscripts cannot be submitted for publication
elsewhere, unless they are not accepted by The
Philippine BIOTA.
For details on preparation of manuscripts and
submission guidelines, contact the Editor:
SONIA D. JACINTO, Ph.D.
Institute of Biology
University of the Philippines
Diliman, Quezon City
(soniajac2008@gmail.com)
179
LOCATION MAP
NOTES
180
BIOTA Hymn
Lyrics by: Catherine G.B.Lagunzad
Music by: Alfredo S. Buenaventura
I.
BIOTA-Philippines together we stand
Before our God in the service of man
Year after year, we dedicate ourselves
To guide able hands, to inspire great minds
II.
Drawing strength from those who came before us
Finding courage as we take each other’s hands
Together we keep the fire of knowledge burning
To light this road that we all travel in
Refrain:
Leaf so green in the morning light
Shiny pearl so pure and white
Symbol of the life we bring
And in our hearts of hope within
BIOTA-Philippines, BIOTA-Philippines
BIOTA-Philippines has led the way
BIOTA-Philippines forever to stay.
(Repeat Refrain)
Dr. Alfredo S. Buenaventura is the composer of the BIOTA Hymn that
was launched at the University of Santo Tomas on April 7, 2001 on the
occasion of the 35th Founding Anniversary of the organization.
About Vibal Group
Vibal is a group of companies with core businesses in content, systems integration, network design, infrastructure,
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Paradigm Shifts in the Curriculum: Challenges

Transcription

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