GRAVITY - the property of objects that have MASS

gravity
- the property of objects that have mass
- the strongest force is in the center
- the larger the object, the stronger the force (F) BUT doesn’t collapse on itself
because the gravitational force (gF) is weak and because of mutual gravitation
- equal F on all sides
- the only time something collapses is in the case of a black hole and burned out star
ATMOSPHERE - (closest --> farthest)
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
- liquid and solid particles
- held in place by gravitational forces as well
- “sphere of air”
- less distance from celestial object, the denser the atmosphere
- density decreases until it fades into the vacuum of space
- weaker gravitational pulls = thinner atmospheres
- no boundary between atmosphere and space
- helps regulate Earth’s temperatures
[NEWTON]
F = G [(m1m2)/r^2]
F = forces between mass
G = gravitational constant [6.67 x 10^-11 N(m/kg)^2]
m1 = first mass
m2 = second mass
r = distance between the centers of the masses
- any 2 bodies in the universe attract each other with a
F directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the
square of the distance between the two
law of universal gravitation
- every point mass attracts every single other point mass by a F pointing along the
line in intersecting both pointst
[also - gauss’ law for gravity - gravitational force (gF) experienced by a partciple is
equal to the mass of the particle multiplied by the gF at that point]
-->
- held together by electromagnetic forces/nuclear attraction of shared electrons
human body
- all neutrons are identical, all protons identical, all electrons identical
- responsible for strong nuclear force
- (100x stronger than electromagnetism)
strong interaction
- ensures the stability of ordinary matter
- holds quarks [elementary particle and fundamental constituent of matter] and
neutrons and protons together, and also creates neutrons and protons and “other”
quarks (on a small scale)
- aka nuclear force - holds atoms together as well (on a larger scale)
ancient philosophy [maybe]
-
- Galileo --> for there to be motion, there must also be a resistive substance (air/water)
- Aristotle --> an object requires a push/pull (F) to remain in motion
- quantity of matter in an object/measure of inertia and sluggishness that an
object exhibits in response to any effort made to start/stop/change its state of motion
in any way
mass
weight
- the result of force upon the object
newton’s
3rd law - to every action there is always an opposed equal reaction
- Object 1 exerts F1 on Object 2
- Object 2 exerts equal force (F2) on Object 1
- occurs simultaneously
- essentially a balance of equal forces (between celestial bodies) = state of
equilibrium
- the universe is made up of matter [substance] and energy (E) [moves matter]
- *center of gravity?
rotational inertia
motion
- the property of an object to resist changes in a rotational state of
- more rotational inertia = more difficulty in changing the rotational state
- celestial bodies get in a routine/pattern over time, makes it harder for them to be
manipulated and altered
Earth and Moon --> the Moon is continuously falling away from the Earth - falling
around it
-*law of universal gravitation?
Everything pulls on everything in a way that involved mass and distance [Newton]
--> STRINGS?
Atoms are constantly vibrating - constantly in motion**
People never actually touch anything else; just get close enough to feel the object’s
electrical repulsion
Use of magma and Earth textures (crust, mantle, etc) and apply onto human model
- show different layers and center of mass