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Utah Mail Service Before the Coming of the Railroad, 1869
Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive All Theses and Dissertations 1957 Utah Mail Service Before the Coming of the Railroad, 1869 Ralph L. McBride Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the History Commons, and the Mormon Studies Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation McBride, Ralph L., "Utah Mail Service Before the Coming of the Railroad, 1869" (1957). All Theses and Dissertations. Paper 4921. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact scholarsarchive@byu.edu. UTAH MAIL SERVICE vic the vit B BEFORE EFORE THE COMING OF THS RAILROAD 1869 department OF Y ZT IN RSIT BRIGITAM YOUNG university HISTORY OF BRIGHAM 1 LV I requam requim THE WENTS PARTIAL fulfillment OF OFTHE requirements ments orthe FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER or ARTS FASTER OF A SUWATTTED thefts thefis SUBMITTED ttiftis TO THE 1 L 13 by ralph L mcbride 1957 oo 00 i this thesis is accepted in its present form by the 1I vew rew department of history as satisfying the thesis require re reqtu veg w ments of the degree of master of date r- 3 asfs arts signed f t major pr asor ssor minor professor i i acknowledgements sincere appreciation is extended to many for their help in the preparation of this thesis special gratitude is extended to dr leroy hafen for whom 1I hold great esteem my committee chairman for his valuable assistance and helpful attitude dr briant jacobs committee member is acknowledgement for his inspiration and guidance given the cooperation and hava heva hena young university and brigham assistance of the library staffs of the Brig erig the university of utah were valuable A william lund assistant church historian and his associates were especially kind and helpful with regard to my use of the church historianss library Historian 9 to my family and close friends 1I express humble gratitude for their love and encouragement and their faith in me for final criticism and suggestions 1I thank very sincerely dr richard poll and dr marshall craig i 1i 1I TABLE OF CONTENTS ledgements AC KNOW LEDGE MENTS acknowledgements page 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 v LIST OF TABLES LIST OF iii 0 illustrations 0 6 0 0 vi 0 introduction 1 chapter 1I 11 II III ili 1111 lo I 1I 10 IV V VI VIL VII VIII unofficial 1847 1850 THE UNOFFICLA L MAIL 18471850 4 18501854 THE OFFICIAL MAIL BEGINS 18501854 15 1854- 1856 THE MIDDLE 18541856 MMDLE FIFTIES fiftieso 1856 1858 THE 18561858 1861 1858 18581861 s PEMOD transition PERIOD resumption 9 0 0 49 s 68 OF THE MAIL 1860 1861 THE PONY EXPRESS AND TELEGRAPH 18601861 1861 1864 A SINGLE ROUTE THROUGH UTAH 18611864 1864 1869 THE 18641869 APPENDIX bibliography 0 4 6 0 concluding 6 6 6 O 0 t t 0 0 t YEARS 0 t 32 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 83 104 6 6 16 0 0 116 130 144 iivv LIST UST mst OF TABLES tabie table 1 11 2 page scheduled arrivals arrival and actual arrivals of the easte eastern mails in 1854 and 1856 mali maii mail mai routes established 1Iinn utah territory a in1865 in 1865 t v 0 0 a 0 48 122 LIST OF egure 1gure f1 fa ftgttre illustrations page 0 1 10 hywood joseph L heywood aywood 2 amoya mez mer amora little Feramorz Fer littie feramorzlittle 1 16 30 3 ephraim 18 44 hayda Bic harda winard richards richarda richards 39 5 amram mram hlraua iqmball mmbau 54 6a brigham young 7 mali maii mail rowfcos chorpenniaga chorpetliv mailroutas 82 a8 bluy billy fiaher flaher fisher 93 9 11 K 7 hanko hanks 0 0 0 0 eagre pony pany way fwcpresss ony oay routed 2aqre as routeo route roate 6 57 100 i john Butt orfield buttorfield butterfield 14 11 hobaday houaday bwhaluday bon ban iz barly early exly z 1I13 campy conspaay campy cawpy spaay mad Conspany and mail coach for wua WUs fargo wad lad cou 127 140 14 post officea offices in utah ouices 140 115 starting points and destinations of the postal 1965 routes in utah v 1865 142 oTz major mail contractors ots Contract 143 igo iga 160 0 0 0 0 larly eriy mail coach 0 0 0 9 w 0 106 0 108 110 a 186j 0 w vi 0 0 0 0 0 introduction in making a study of the utah mail service before the railroad some information be given of the came to the west it is important that gome gobe mormon mons citizenry of utah the Mor ed people united and determined deterrnm what was it that made them such a they came out to a wilderness and began the conquest of a land that no one else wanted the members of the church of mormons commonly called cormons Mormons H 11 jesus christ of latter day saints latterday were peculiar in that they had a faith which they would not give up even if it meant deaths deathe death any group par- ticularly ticularly as large as this Ws people if it is to remain strong and united ted must have proper leadership sitch leadership in the silch the mormons had such hann young personalities of joseph smith and Brig brigharn brigham harn joseph smith was the prophet the founder and formulator of the brigham young was the practical leader who led the westward church hi people and directed the founding of an empire in the great trek of his because of the dominant role that brigham young played in basin transportation and communication affairs as well as in all matters pertaining to utah a description of the man may be appropriate a 0 0 A man who looks both isa lse larger and younger than he ise is he is five feet nine inches in height and weighs about about the mormons iforpeinformation a john henry ev evanss our and salt lake city the deseret book co 1924 ana church and people peoble 381 321 221 cormons gordon B hinkley what of the mormons Mormons salt lake city published by mca ca ysaint9 1947 jesus e of sf ormar cthsrorijatterday saints 19470 the church oTMaR r vca sfotmar v 1I see 2 two hundred pounds he stands erect with broad shoulders I s high and somewhat narrow his eyebrows his forehead 1is thin his eyes between grey and blue his fine nose somewhat pointed his cheeks fleshy his face clean shaven cleanshaven eus except for a fringe of beard board under the chin FUs his hands are fas got from the well made and shapely the theimpression impression you get whole face is of power frankness and abundant enjoyment of life Ms necktie his dress is of homespun neat and plain his of dark silk tied in a large bow is passed round a starchless collar A plain gold chain passes from a button hole in his black satin vest to one of the lower pockets Ms his stockings clean and white show beneath his trousers altogether it is the dress of a plain farmer of the well to do class I A 1 when the mormons came to the west there were friends and relatives left behind they did not all come at once catlon cation need for comm communication hence there was not only did individuals va wish sh to communicate with their friends and loved ones but the leaders of the church needed correspondence for proper coordination of activities later there was need for communication with the united states government and the rest of the wo world rid the mail service was in the hands of these people in three significant instances during the period from 1847 to 1869 1847 and 1850 and 3 2 1 between between the latter part of 1856 and over half of 1857 for the whole period with regard to intra utah mail service intrautah between 1847 and 1850 they had to supply their own means of communication in 1849 the federal government established a post office at salt lake and authorized a mail carrier to be sent between the ievans levans evans op cit 230 pp ap 229 229230 3 wm expense his own missouri river and utah the carrier to operate at ma receiving compensation of forty ceotis centis per tetter frow those to whom he lotter from ietter letter watn wein wail e a in 1850 the first brat real official mail system was delivered the mail tablished utah tabushe tabushii for utahs to heram kimbau received the contract for in 1856 a mormon mra hiram mioaourl he kept this carrying the mail mali from salt lak to st joseph missouri maii jume conjunction june cco operated tuno of the next year yar and op tune until about yune orated in eco junction with the T bBo Y mormons opre express cormons mons xpre company owmeei ovmd ovad and operated by the mor bons wa cancU can 4 the caa his contract was canceleer canceller celler cancu4 B arter aate after after 01 i to operate for Y express to continuei exprsei ccontinued continue 11 ove val eve sseveral vai mowths ral months mouth AU outside foz the communities of utah came through iod tod for mail toz ort greag great salt lake city the early official 01 the capital of the ffirial name of tovy tory territory Torri tezzi yms fittiidy df of the utah ifrah mail service from 1847 to 1869 186 thia this study a wi with chronologically iealt aalt ealt pez aUy a few interpolations unil be evident interpoiationq win ioaicauy periodicauy Periodic aources principal sources amree awree the prfa&cip&l abree however 1 off lafonianatiob information are informatiou government manuscripts docurrienta rnanucripta records of the church of jesus docurneals letters manuscrkpts of1 latterwday saintlo satel newspapers of the period xattr4ay saintso chriat chrict christ contemporary veport report oistemprary reports iB cent rcnt and rant tent secondary material atory tory of the utah mail service before the coming because the story of tho went tio not easily accessible to the general public the railroad to the west wherein a considerable amount of research is roqu required ired this thesis provides a central location for such information CHAPTERI CHAPTER THE 1 unofficial MAIL official ial means before the united states government established an offic of mail service for utah the handling of correspondence was done through there seems to have been no dependable regular mail private means iceo those who wanted to correspond had to rely upon those who hapservice servi p pened to be going in the right direct lone ione direction for word to be taken back to the saints left behind after the great trek to the west the authorities of the mormon church would delegate certain parties for instance ezra benson was of 1847 within a month 1847within lake valley was the sent eastward in august after the first group of pioneers reached the salt the letter which benson took with him from brigham young first to be sent from the valley I A 1 established by the united states postal system was fairly well extablished 1847 ahe the 1847the first postage stamps in the united states being used during that yearzqwoobut year but the mormons were too few in number and comparatively insig- ant to the nific nificant east for a mail service to be established for their area ijlevi allevi llevi edgar young the founding foundin fountin sons 1923 of new york utah G C scra scr3 bnerls scribner p 393 aus en ed the hans hansen 2usS statutes at large IX p 210 harry hanson zam new york worlds noz telegram ram zab acts for 1956 now world almanac and book of F world tele teie facts NN job new ew 1956 p 135 jos an famous eph nathan us joseph and the sun 19569 facts first aimo york the H W wilson co 1950 p 353 lydia W yor egren forsgren For county brigham city daughters of the utah history of box elder count 20 pioneerssv 1957 Pioneer 19370 pe ZO 111 III lil lii I1 0 A fimo 1 01 P 5 in giving an example of chance11 chance mail during this period this quo11 tation may suffice nauvoo january 31 1848 president brigham young dear brother quarters brother player is about leaving for winter 1 1 1I thought I would send a short letter to you As 9 A 0 Car bonca iowa at carbonia resolution was made at a conference held in carbonca which time it was decided that there be a mail sent from the mormon settle ment to the people in the great salt lake basin A record of this states agreeable to the action of the conference held october 6 1848 on the pottawattamie lands alien ailen compton or allen dr ezekiel john james Car bonca council bluffs casto and smith left carbonca carbonia lee to carry an express to G S L valley these brethren went to the ferry at summer quarters where the local brethren promptly made preparations to make the travelers comfortable for the night learning that a large company of omaha indians were at winter quarters the brethren thought it advisable to have a stronger force to accompany the express to a point beyond the elkhorn consequently Kanes they sent back to ganesville kaneb ville for men as a posse escort kanesville lU luneaville neaville pottawattamiee county 320 to fit it cost the brethren in pottawaftl16164 out the express for the mountains which they had to do on 2 credit ailen compton and his party arrived in salt lake valley with this alien allen mail november 30 1848 with 227 letters and many papers 3 conjunct in conjunc aljournal ljournal journal history MS historians office church of jesus christ 31 1848 ppo 1 of latterday latter day saints salt lake city jan 31j 1I oct 12 1848 see also letter from george A smith to orson pratt oct ZO 20 1848 millennial star early mormon publication zibido sibido id in england XI p 33journal journal 14 history op 021 obi cit nov 30 18480 1848 p 1 1.1 u tion with this there was an interesting article printed in the dese ret deseret Ve lve ning news may 9 1897 to the editor aee see in last fridays friday paper mention of the men who namm carried the first mail from salt name lahe lake late to the states in the fall of 1848 1I wish to call your attention to the men who brought the first mail from ganesville ville to salt lake in the Kanes kanesville narne name fall of 1848 my father dr JE lee a man by the nanne nabe of crompton compton and wm casto were called by elders hyde and george A smith to carry this mail to salt lake A man named john green and a colored man came with them they crossed creased the plains with pack anicressed mals and endured many hardships in consequence of the lateoi the season my father returned in the fall of 1849 ness of and moved hia hla his family the next season 1850 1I W H nee leei lee 1I in the year 1849 the postmaster general established a post office at salt lake with bishop joseph L heywood as postmaster A bi bimonthly monthly valley almon thevalley the vailey mail service was instituted between council bluffs bluff9 and chevalley W he transported the mail at his babbitt being the carrier own expense receiving the mail fees in return 2 orson pratt tinne time at the teme tibe we find this excerpt who was in england in a letter from wilford woodruff to elder babbitt called upon me and wished nne rne me to say to you that he had been to washington and had got a post office aseret eveninl deseret eseret evening evening nl news Eveni may city utah salt lake 1 eroy zleroy cleroy mark clark dark co 11 18970 1897 0 R hafen the overland mail cleveland the A H 57 early utah records MS bancroft library ap 56 197 192 19766 pp 1926 5657 erly young I1 MO 0 0 university library p 50 journcollection microfilm brigham mary W and 1849 28 28v lund op raymond settle cit feb al history press 1949t 1949 university stanford on wheels stanford empire bettle zettie zettle settie settle p 70 young opo op cit t p 395 it x XX ve r K P E rk 8 sterg postmaster established in the valley mr heywood postma stert and he babbitt had taken the carrying of the mail from ganesville Kanes ville kanesville to the valley six times a year and that all the friends could now correspond with their friends in the valley the same as 1I in any other part of the U S if sent via ganesville ville Kanes kanesville even though it was a luxury to have such a service there were some who complained about the mail fee which was charged by the con this being his only means of income tractor tractorthis on the route an account of this condition is given in the following quotation postages postage hostages some salt lake postagesome sobe have thought it very hard and extortionate to be obliged to pay 40 cents postage on a letter from salt lake here the last mail brought through was by mr egan H e brought many letters for poor people widows and soldiers1 soldiers wives we advised mr egan to give these out cornhe did so and as he had had a hard time comcharger free of chargerhe charge chargehe ing through with the mail ball bali lost many of his animals on the way mil etc we thought it no more than right that he should have forty cents from such as could pay it we have yet to learn that we were wrong in our council to him we sent a private mail to the valley last fall at an expense of more than three hundred dollars no man or set of men can carry a mail there or bring one back without sinking a good deal of money one man cannot go through alone he must have a strong guard it is better that all bear a proportion of this expense than to crush or oppress three or four men that endure the hardship of transporting the mail across the plains in severely cold weather let those who find fault with this amount of postage on a letter volunteer their services to take a mail through to the valley with that reduction of postage which they require mr egan to make and we will employ them if they are responsible 1 bli men 2w journal history loc cit wilford woodruff mar 1 1849 p 3 letter from Kanes ville iowa kanesville frontier guardian early mormon publication in ganesville microfilm historians historian office church of jesus christ of latterday latter day saints salt lake city mar 7 1849 9 the mail carriers witnessed many things impossible which to us seem almost in showing some of these conditions and experiences there is an interesting account given by almon babbitt concerning one of his trips to salt lake left the states with the U S mail on the 25th of may with a guard of five men twelve horses and a light carriage 1I crossed the missouri river at council bluffs and went up as far as fort laramie on the north side of the platte on my way to fort laramie 21I passed on the north side of the river and counted on the south side upwards of six thousand wagons persons mostly in good health and teams in good condition the feed being good that far on the way at that point com e commenced the sacrifice of menced fenced the black hills here hev her discharging chargin g freight and by frequently abanproperty by way of dis dischargin doning the craft for 1I think 1I am safe in saying that five hundred wagons were either burned or left standing by the road side and other goods and provisions to an astonishing eextent dent the most valuable of which were carefully interred in the style of a grave with a head and foot atone stone with inscription of name and age of the person together with the kind of disease the person died with from fort laramie to great salt lake the oi five hundred and fifty miles 1I passed four thousand distance of teams making ten thousand teams on my way out 1I learned of some twelve deaths two were killed by the indians one at the crossing of the loup fork of the platte the other on the south side of the river seven were drowned and the other died of sickness 1I X A letter written by george A ng concerning smith had this to say concerm concert babbitts may journey babbitt left this place on thursday for the great salt lake in company with six men 18 mules and several he sleeps on the wind alias india rubber bags horses filled with air and intends to go through in 30 days the indians on the plains have lost many of their horses by the any of babbitts hard winter we hope they will not steal 2 vve 11 reqm will require horbes horses ream re watching horbea but they vv1 horse A W 16 0 aljournal ljournal journal history millennial stav star millennialstar op cit op cit oct 1 p 233 1849 10 on july ist Kanes ville kanesville iet let babbitt arrived with another mail from ganesville nearly a month after his arrival he left for the east again having with him seven horses and a light wagon 1I elected along with before leaving for the east however he was electedalong dr john bernhisalwoto bernhi8al to be utahs delegate to congress one of their was to have the state of deseret inaugurated chief motives waa Z xt at it was the purpose of these men to work together in washington for the admission of on an equal the saints as a sovereign and independent state into the union unionon footing with the original states babbitt was well acquainted with many of the members of congress especially on the side of the democrats on july 26 1849 he left salt lake with his last mail 3 3 on august winter ater 21st he arrived in camp of israel spring creek 345 miles from wl 4 quartervio quarterrio e826 quarter 26 46 e26 days from salt lake 1 first part of september six days from thirtysix after being on the way for thirty the valley of the great salt lake this trip the experiences history op 012 olb cit alter the state VIII salt lake city VXII vili vill p 90 C 4journal journal history 5ibid sibid sibic v which were had by these mail op 012 olb cite cit p 70 2wio Zio journal ziournal urnal 33 5 was certainly not one of ease he had to suffer hardships and loss iose of property lose wettle wettie fettle Kanes ville iowa the kanesville he arrived 1Iinn ganesville sept oy op 3 1849 a 39 cit P of s p 2 july aa 55a 1849 deseret aug u quarterly utah historical quar 21 a 1849 1 po p 1I 11 pioneers may seem to us great stories of adventure and glory but 1I am an1 an ani1 inclined to think that things were not always as rosy as we moderns picture in demonstration of this we read of babbitts final trip them mr babbitt certainly deserves our thanks and praise per serve perser verance ranee in swimmy rance swimming for his perserverance swimmm g rivers and towing over his wagon on rafts made with a hatchet and tied together with larrietts larrietta larri etts it cannot be a very pleasant job to freight a rude sort of raft with a wagon and push off into a rapid current and poll out about one quarter of the distance across in your teeth while the other end than take one end of a rope M is attached to the raft and plunge into the stream like a spaniel and swim over with craft and cargo in tow being swept down stream over snags and sawyers for a quarter or us has been his lot in two half mile as mr babbitt informs 1I or three instances As babbitt left the mail service another who was carrier was needed one reliable enough to serve the people properly at times he gave serce serice mainly because of personal reaunsatisfactorymainly which was a little unsatisfactory sons ped from the church for severely slandering fellow shipped diafellow dla dia dis disfellowship he was disfellowshipped orson hyde and the saints in pottawattamie county iowa 1849 ailen allen babbitt was being replaced by alien 3 compton3 compton 7 in march of who had already had some experience with the mails but apparently he still remained in the washington people in of to represent was the utah ce he called until service servi 11bid lebid ltbid ibid bid p 4 no 19 1848 p 1I frontier guardian loc cit 1849 karly 3early bearly early utah records loc cit waw w&w p 50 feb 21 comptons Com ptons service also proved comptois 12 to be somewhat probably because the profit was too little unsatisfactory at times 1 ailen allen alien compton and his associates were to leave in april to their leaving they met in the ouf off of office ice oi prior president brigham young to re- ceive instructions concerning their journey with the mail thl this at thi is mee ting meeting compton was chosen to be the captain of the group with Benj annin arnin hawkins benjamin and henry woodard as coun counsellors sellors counciled by president they were counciled young to stick together at all times and to attend their prayers etc was april 12th on april lith ith onapril 1 this the day before they had met in another 1I escuss scuss their principle obligations meet meeting beet 1Ing to ddiscuss a you are hereby instructed not to allow the horse or mule that carries the mail to travel only as the animal is led by youranys and you are not to allow the animal comp anyn self or one of your company to feed at any time until you have first taken the mail off the 13 animals animal back and made it secure you are all directed to travel in close company companynever never and if anything to scatter along the road or leave each other otherand is the matter with one all of you tarry till he is ready to proyourjmurney together by attending ceed and then continue yourjaurney to these instructions the blessings of the lord will attend you if you should happen to meet any companies of saints emigrating to this place you can read the list of letters to them but on no account do you open the mails until they arrive at the ganesville Kanes ville post office and then when the mail is opened kanesville the letters that may be directed to any person whom you may have met can then be taken out and reshipped to the owners who will then be as much benefited by them as at any other time mail maii mali namely alien ailen allen and the company that goes with the mall compton benjamin hawkins jedediah S woodard william preece johnson joh nson oliver B huntington thomas casto thomas Job george haskell norman brown browm david study and henry woodard are logo to go in a body to the post office see that the mail is delivered and when all things are found satisfactory to the postmaster wettle wettie fettle loc 641 cit 1 13 then you will be discharged and not till then B righainx brigham young heber C kimball willard richards 1 alien ailen compton and his nine associates left salt lake city april allen 1849 14 with thirty or forty horses carrying five hundred and two letters 2 they arrived at their destination at ganesville Kanes ville the last of may in the kanesville millennial star volume XI page 234 we find this information brother compton and his party arrived the last of may from great salt lake in forty eight days from the start fortyeight they met the first company of california gold seekers one hundred and thirty miles east of larabie captain fort laramie compton and his men had to leave the road for two hundred miles to give them a chance to pass may guardian see also the frontier bontie F rontie r mft 0 ffxcerpta incerpts from a letter of george A ON W ft NW W N 30 1849 snaith reveals this smith thye had to swim many of the streams that are generally fordable and had to beat their way through mountain snows for 3 100 miles there are many other factors involved in the establishment of a mail service in utah before 1850 but those things discussed thus far give an insight into the conditions which constituted 1 april cat journal history op 0 cit 4 ibid bid 3 april 14 1849 p millennial star op cite cit 1 p 234 11 j utahs first mail service 1849 p 1I 14 one of the prime reasong creasong reasons for establishing a mail service overland was wa wab to serve the california gold rushers and those who settled in other areas of the west wet for farming wa the it was th demand of these thee people that 1 government the moved to begin considering those beyond the rockies I young youad youag ap iyounst cill qg qp clut cit 0 ppie 395 CHAPTER 11 II THE OFFICIAL MAIL BEGINS to begin the first official mail service to utah the post office department delartrnent granted a contract to samuel missouri for per annum 19 500 mail leaving july 1 1 this 1850 by stage H woodson of independence was a monthly service the for a distance of salt lake city utah and independence missouri 1 first 200 miles between 2 frequently the mail could not nod nob nol be depended upon in fact at times brigham young had to send special carriers to the missouri river to get in the summer of 1850 john the mail for the utah people sent to council bluffs a mail on affie tche ffie 15th of Y green was hyde arrived with september orson kyde 3 Fera moras in july 1851 mr woodson made a contract with feramorz bouas to little assist in the mail to handle it between salt lake city and fort laramie he agreed to do this for 8 000 per year 4 this contract was to last for moras sere sera Fera feramorz boris little mail service across the plains MS bancroft harn young university library p brigham library collection microfilm Brig yargo vlcan vican F rican agot rgot advancing the yme ame american fargo frontier edward hungerford wells fa rcontier ontier abe 1I 11. new york random house 1949 zyoung ayoung oung op cit p 396 p 74 0op cit p hafen 31b id 1 I 4early bearly early utah records 15 130 0og cit it C p 57 ow z y xem 47 AMA SW ip 22 7 r fige 1 I E ILAMO az LITTLE WO cn WO vr 17 two yearns years and eleven rmonths the rerrainirg time of woodsons contract to two as Ephr airn si stants were employed by little ephrairv ephrairn assistants the carriers were F decker on the fifteenth of each m month onth anth this thi was thl hanks and charles charies charles charie beet woodsons men at to meet eet 1 fort laramie mr little tells us that there was only lake and fort laramie one trading post between salt miles K fort bridger 15 115 1 a trading post was established at a distance of 400 miles blies west of salt lake biles devils gate later to 2 however further facilitate according to the agreement between woodson and little the matters sarx service sart ce was to begin august sert 1851 185 1 during the year willard richards became postmaster of salt lake city 3 when he was inaugurated wee are told it was winter 1first part of 1850 and the mail carriers had to travel through three feet bed of 1850 feramorz ber december in Decern legislature to be one of the heads and company the heads little 4 of snow was chosen by the state of a stage line in utah james A little would have the entire control and manage- ment of the stage route from ogden city and the settlements north through provo city and manti great salt lake city prove to the county 5seat eat of iron 5eat county Aou nty and as soon as practicable continuously to intersect a stage I littie little op cats cit p 1 zyoung ayoung oung op it 021 Ccit P 0 f pp ap 1 396 397 396397 karly 3early bearly Be cords op early utah records 02 cit 4 ibid bid pp ap 116 115 115116 19 route from cahoon pass cajon this and san diego in south california Calf fornia calh 111 arl company to begin as early as possible in the spring of 1851 would carry passengers and packages ansi anti 1I would add that it probably carried and some mail for there were many members of the church down in that area the post office department made arrangements to establish post offices at all places on post roads that are authorized by law when residents of a community petition for one and clearly show that the establishment of a post office is essential for the convenience of the community and the public where a post office may be desired and as the postmaster general may deem expedient rural service is established on a petition of the comty desiring such service when it is shown to the satismunity m faction of the department after investigation that the new ie warranted and that funds are available to meet service is 2 the expense the mail westward was not established until after that ern division in april of 1851 of the east- george chorpenning and absalom wood- ward made a contract with the united states post office department to carry the mails between salt lake city and sacramento CaU fornia for california per year 14 000 10 miles 910 about 9gio 1I lu-ter alter 4 3 the distance see appendix for the contract cito op cita cit A on the route used by chorpenning was 197 pp ap 196 196197 2forsgren ot po p 20 cit forsgren op 02 cl 3 au 3u U S house executive documents 0 no 32nd cong 1st sess pp 398 ap 399 hafen op PO 63 398399 212 cit op p 4cgeorge 4george george george chorpenning statement and appendix of claim of goorao gooral 18 igham young chorpenning against the united states 1889 microfilm ttrigham states18 bribigham 4 haf pp 1I14 ve r sity 0 ap hafen op university 01 cit p 6633 56 1 20 chorpenning and his men left sacramento may first mail from that area to salt lake it 1 w with th 1851 the was not an easy task for therri them to travel because of the snow it took them sixteen days to make their way to carson valley having had to beat down the snow with wooden mauls to open a trail for their animals over the sierras they staked off a quarter genoa of town section of land for a bali mail the where station nevada was ball later established chorpenningsa own statement from george Chorpenning 1 they left may this information 1 day they encountered snow drifts in the arville place above placerville rville Plac erville from sacramento 1851 we find on the third sierra nevadas some fifteen miles it was on the und that they reached carson valley about 180 miles on the then traveled route when they reached the snow line they dismounted put part of the mail from the mules on their own horses and walked for about two weeks snow per to two day miles eight traveling six traveli for a trail for the animals for they trampled and beat the sixteen days they traveled and camped on deep snow after reaching carson valley the men proceeded to make a permanent settlement staking off a section of land except chorpenning1 chorpennings Chorpenning penningss Chor 1 at thes this time there were no white men in nevada during the summer some of the group remained in the valley and put up buildings and a stockade for the permanent mail first discovery of gold on the slope of the mountains near the famous comstock mines this section it was this group started settlers coming 1851 of men who made the may 22 of nevadas of state the beginning nevada the in november of that year the san francisco postmaster established lhafen leafen op cite cit po p 64 21 a post office there chorpenning and those who went on reached great salt lake city on the 5th ath june the california mail arrived in care of mr chorpenning Chorpenningl with seven men they left sacramento may 3rd ist getting their mules over the nevada mountains and were 14 days if during the rest of the summer and throughout the mail career of chorpenning there was trouble with indians plundering and killing woodward left with four experienced mountain men november salt lake city 1 1851 for time tinle another party left the utah capital at the same tinie tin le with tibe the mail for sacramento reaching their destination nearly two months later they said that they had met woodward at willow springs and his this men and brought a letter from him was the last letter from wood wavd the next word of him was that his remains had been found two ward wardthe hundred miles from salt lake 3 chorpennings in december some more of chorpenning ten men left sacramento days from this december 11st st launch they had to return because of ist the great snow of the sierras aged for a number of reasons 4 chorpenning now became very discourhe had bad heard nothing from or about wood- ward except the letter previously mentioned his hu men could not get over lchorpenning chorpenning op cit P b 344 pp ap 3 zearly early utah records op or cit 3chorpenning chorpenning op cit 4ibid bibid bid p 5 p 5 p 127 22 4084 the winter was not getting any easier to combat on the route the mountains the mail contractor hi hib his men would return with the mail they started with felt that his business enterprise was lapsing into a complete failure chorpenning decided that the only thing to do would be one oftwo things declare the enterprise a failure and quit or find another route to salt lake in order to protect himself at this trying time he sent an af- fidavit tothe postmaster at san francisco to explain why there was such a beon heard from on the the california mail had not been delay in the mails 13th of december in salt deseret news lake and this information was published in the the california mail for november had not arrived neither had it been heard from and letters destined for california were forwarded by new orleans 1I congress a mail route of next session it was expected that at the ne 4 pwroniran carowan would be established to san diego by way of parowan Pa rowan 2 this would be of some advantage for service from CaU fornia to salt lake the mail to be california taken down the coast by steamer to san diego t hen land to its destination on january 1 1852 chorpenning sent out another group of men this time instructing them to go on a more direct route through carson valley but they had to return to salt lake city 3 mall mail the february zmali somehow got through it took sixty days to make the trip 4 permission was JQM aaret newe op lunfififiret iun aar&t news 22 cit dec 13 1851 21history of brigham young MS bancroft library collection film brigham young university library 1851 p 85 chorpenning op cit pa pp9 5 4ibid bibid ibid p 70 micro- 23 obtained from the special agent in san francisco to send the march anaa rnaa mali mall maill 1 down thecoast the coast to san pedro and thence by the cajon pass and the mormon city trail to salt lake city11 chorpenning himself left with the mail in may upon reaching H carson valley he found to hla hi great surprise the april group from hia his i haning sacramento who had Jjust having ust arrived one day earlierhaving hanl earlier hani hav been in the mountains forty fortysix six days continuing on for salt lake he met edson cady who had taken the mail on at coming back from salt lake february 1ist here chorpenning learned that this party had walked the last two hundred miles into salt lake all ali ail their horses eight in number had been frozen lakeall to death in the goose creek mountains carrying the mail and their blankmountainscarrying ets on their backs brigham young had sent out at his own expense means get their saddles and equipment to got wa was waba the one which found this party sent by president absalom woodward a body young 2 mr chorpenning had much nauch hib rauch raach trouble in preparing for hi mach his return 1 journey with the CaU fornia mail california lake mai ball bali bai from salt nake .1 sion it was a dramatic occa- ingle man in the area who would return with he was unable to find a single young suicide told him that it would be eu brigham him abn toldhim bn icide to go out there in the ZA wilderness without at least one partner president young almost went so far as to get a court order to prevent his going completely gone chorpennings Chorpennings funds were 1 no one had ever made the trip in less than twentytwo twenty two days and he had only fifteen days in which to make his schedule i ibid Iwena hafen op p 64 cit CAT chorpenning repenning rpenning cho rp enning oy OR cit 2& 0 0 0 p 90 9 defying 24 saying the people and the wilderness he bargained to get provisions and left baying taking he would not only make the trip safely but within the scheduled time with him one saddle and one pack mule fifteen pounds of hard bread broad fourteen pounds of ham seven pounds of crushed sugar my blankets and the mail bag he made the t trip in fifteen days markable feat of strength and determination 1I 112 hours 12 hoursooes rema reva a remm re- chorpenning chorpe saved his concharpe tract and proved himself to be a man of strong will and ability experience after these trying ex periencest chorpenning submitted a plea for taking taka ng the mails to los angeles from which place they could be forwarded to salt leake nake lake city assion Hawever in the permission ssion was denied at first however this pernu mab was carne permission mas vas granted for him to take the fall when the snows came wab 2fa mails by san pedro when success came to him through this new provi- postmaster postt sion the poett aster in salt lake began to burden him with the eastern mail wag s was more reliable than the eastern division chorpenning1 Chorpenning division chorpe ngls charpe nals 1 of service and the mail could be forwarded by steamboatback steamboat back to new york brigham young wrote to the utah delegate in congress Berahisel bern dr john bernhisel so little confidence have we in the present mail arvange zangeemente range vang rangements zang rang ments that we feel considerable conxiderible dubiety of your re3 any us ceiving this or other communication from chorpenning chorpe thus the utah mail for the east was sent by charpe na n9 of the winter the mail went down by san pedro for the rest the post office at carson vaney imly supplied by carriers on snowshoes regu reguhrly vailey reguimly valley 1I 11bi bi d ibl ibi ibid zibido sibido 2lbid los ios 10 p 104 31ncidents incidents in hann young harn brigham film Brig history MS bancroft library collection utah matory university library p 7 micro- 25 the first carriers were fred bishop and dritt followed by george pierce nerce and john A thompson 1 snowshoe thompson made himself famous in this ejection section by his feats on the snowshoes which were ten feet d4 an pattern a da long and of the can canadian he often took one hundred pounds upon the journey between placerville Plac erville and carson and made the trip in three days to placerville Plac erville and the return journey in two days & Feramoras little he iet us turn to feramorz let for the eastern mail service lot in this year of 1852 was still under contract with samuel woodson to carry inail mail the idail bali ball between salt lake and fort laramie we find that he had some severe hardships during the winter in the latter part of the year from incidents in utah 1history we read for december st arrived the eastern mail which left independence nov 1I at at laramie on the 30th of that month the day it was due in great salt laka lake city mr feraxnorx amora little received the mail at laramie dec Fer feramora feramola fez 1 wa country et st and making his way partly through an unknown pez per sue so deep at the south pass he could not persue the snow being BO any from tn aUy path hie generally his in the usual route there being snow gener bener wh eighteen inches to four feet in an unceasing storm of snow the Platte river to ft bridger soQ that he could discern from theplatte no mountains or beacons to direct his course and so cold that sometimes he dare not close his eyes during the night being duringg that time without fire food lost for two days and du finally he arrived at 1nort sleep ort bridger and was informed Ifort he could go no further on account of the snow but nothing procurved some of the best horses known daunted mr little procurred as the flathead breed which are famous for good stock and bread flat head broad broke his way to the weber and although several gentlemen accompanied him his flat head horses had to break the track flathead almost the entire distance notwithstanding one or two other 1I 0 0 0 1history of nevada 65 p a op I p iiowa bancroft howe cit hubert hafen lowe lowa iowa imen nston uston ilen wyome pubsan 1888 1540 wyomj history aad wx ng colorado and francisco knoal the 15401888 ax knoll 18900 co 1890 pp 227 ap 226 226227 lishing coos coot coet 7 hafen loc cit 0 0 i 26 noble animals died in consequence of a short abort attempt to lead hug hus leaving tug his horses at weber as any further attempt mx little commenced to get theen thern through would be useless mr them bag a of one hundred and fifty pounds on the drawing the mail bags babb babs snow in par flesh but after a few miles hawling fow id it bawling found impossible cached the news bag and continuing with the 25th having dragged the mail by little bag arrived on the 25fh now in the wasatch from hand nearly forty miles over snow ten to twenty feet in depth in many places we will add that mr little broke hi hisa oncie sic about one week before he gome sonne sorne some days after and when gobe st and stax left laramie he startea for staxted ted stariea larabie artea wfta hio hlo afta hla foot in hia iu the stirrup but was ws so lame he could not ppstt his enca aud of obliged to walk in the soft encv much path and broke brake the rath fath I way was and a him quite relief for the that pt 1 A gage of the president of the united states we find sage message in the annual inen Ines a report by william mckinley to congress concerning the bail maii mail bali ball service paragraph from this delivery reveals this A 1 salt the contractor on route between sait wt lake and sacramento had never performed satisfactory service A new contractor was new contractor would not only agree to the tho past appointed the now but also would fortify a post or station at carsons expectations bat valley this would alid add to the security of mails and protect 2 hns ans on tva emigrant tra trains the route TWs thib this ain aIr report introduces us to an unfortunate state of aan affairs fairs regarding george chorpenning made him furious in 1853 he rece received ivd a stunning announcement which vraa was notified about the latter part of january that his lre ire maas ile lie annulled contract had been ann ed by the postmaster general AH all ali correspondence including the receipt of his salary between the post office department and him was done through a special agent in san francisco 3 the correspon- dence and paper work done between chorpenning and san francisco had not 1 iincidents incidents in utah history oy cit 2po9tmaster postmaster generals 3 3chorpenning chorpenning op 22 cit report ize pPO 120 12 0 2123023 pp ap 21 23 18520 p 643 1852 27 been forwarded to washington as it should have been the postmaster general therefore was ignorant of the difficulties with which chorpenning had been confronted and as a result of this ignorance had annulled the fact that the contractor the contract was just beginning to recover hie misfortunes made the situation doubly frustrating and unwelfrom hib his comed 1I n san francisco was surprised and disgusted the special agent in because of the termination that he was not notified was an added cause immediately they both went to washington on the same for his concern boat the special agent taking with him all papers concerning chorpen chornen nings aings activities the contractor writes after some weeks of negotiating during which time 1I was pierce sent for and consulted by president peerce fierce in regard to the subaUy with the postmaster genject act it was finally agreed verbally verbany mv james C vandyke at that time eral inthe in the presence of mr united states district attorney for the eastern district of pennsylvania that if 1I would resume service 1I should have 16 000 per annum additional compensation for the remainder of the contract term thus making my pay 30 000 per annum which was the sum 1I demanded foU immediately following fonowing this agreement the 50 000 contract with mr blanchard was rescinded and my contract was restored 2 the postmaster general had made a contract blanchard november 18 1852 the term per annum was to run from march 15 with william of the contract paying 50 000 1853 to june 30 1856 was to be from sacramento city by carson vaney vailey to salt lake valley av ggiven 1v en the 1I L me hes hib his route he was alternative to deliver by way of san diego if he desired in times ibid 0 wlk wl9 les zibide 0 p 11 PP 13 12 IS 1213 28 of snow so however he would have to prove his whenever he would do ao reason by affidavit 1 mr blanchards schedule was leave sacramento city the 15th day of each month arrive at salt lake city the 14th day of each month leave salt lake the 15th day of each month arrive at sacramento city the 14th day of each month 2 bis contract was restored chorpenning submitted a plea to after his have his route changed to go by way of san pedro california in winter now he writes because of the difficulties encountered with the snow washington city D november 14 1853 C ion jas campbell lon llon lion Ihon pe P M general sir being contractor on route no 5 066 from dear sirs years years1 sacramento to salt lake and finding from two yearse yearb experience cargon vaney carsons carson by valley is the carbons vailey route or regular that traveled direct entirely impassable in the winter months and for the more safe mails malls malis would request that perand regular conveyance of said mall mail mali mission be given to me to transmit the same during these months U require me to run by what is known as the will he south route this vn down the coast by steamer at least as far as san pedro some 500 miles thence by los angeles and san bernardino to salt lake in my former experience in traveling down the coast 1I have found it necessary at times to get the mail out of the sacramento office four or five days previous to the first of the month owing r to the fact that the coasting steamers are not very regular in their starting and even when going out in the first the mail must id ibid appendix p 8 bibid zibid ibid appendix p 10 29 leave sacramento on the day previous to this 1I would invite your attention and ask that you give your special agent the necessary instructions as he will be present and know best when to order the mail out solicity city your earliest attention all of which 1I submit and soli solicito and approbation respectfully yours etc jr george chorpenning chorpenning in answer to mr chorpennings letter we find post off ice department office ice contract off office december 1853 14 gentlemen As contractors for route 55066 066 you are allowed in winter to take the southern route via san diego san bernardino and los angeles during such times the postmaster of sacra mento city will be allowed to let off the mail for the route in advance of schedule time if the public do not complain and connections are maintained abt servt respectfully your obt serat W H dundas dundas 2d ad As st P E L 2 barnard carrier from sacramento wrote a letter to albert carrington editor of the explainm explainsg some deseret news explaining diff difficulties iculties of mail travel and why the mails were late G place M gen S L of the we read city april 18 on the 15th of marc h for this town same day by stage left next was taken to Hang hangtown the mail left sacramento 11bid ibid appendix pp ap 7 ibid appendix p 34 33 3334 34 1853 30 morning on a pack animal for the head of the south fork about 40 miles from hangtown Hang town the snow became so deep that our mule had to be sent back when it became necessary to put the ba bags gs on our backs from thence to carson valley 70 miles distant over ohs th ths dummit 3ummit of the sierra nevada through snow banks of 20 and 5unmit 40 feet in depth with untiring untiringg effort and almost superhuman untirin we endurance lve reached our post in carson on the 21st lne enduranc2 vve endurant on the 23rd our party consisting of 8 all well mounted and equipped commenced our journey for this point at the desert we met a band of indians bargained with two of them to accompany the mail one came with this party the other is to come with the next also made arrangements with a ansp whole family of Indi anso who were to leave the next day for our indians trading post to live with us to herd our stock and make themselves generally useful we in return to feed and clothe them and make presents to their friends we saw a great many indians on the road and had talks with them all we bestowed small presents and gave them food they were mostly all naked we promised them presents on our return they appeared much pleased and are anxious to be on good terms with the whites at one time we were in a company of some 200 of those poor beings all of whom appeared perfectly friendly the upper tribes when they found that we had an indian with us were overjoyed we could never give them sufficient time to finish their talk nothing but a pacific course towards these indians is necessary to secure their friendship such is to be our policy the waters of the humbolt were never higher all the tribu baries are swimming the indians horses have mostly all pertaries ished in the snows all the mountains are covered with snow consequently the waters will keep up for a long time we not only had to swim every stream but wade through extensive bottoms for miles up to our knees and often our armpits in mud and water mr ferguson and myself left our party on goose creek to hasten in with the mail we found but little snow on the moungoose go as as can far creek now but no farther tains teams for a month to come grass good all the way no spare to of contractors mail the the determination is it pains trouble or expense in forwarding the united states mail to and from california they have made such arrangements and measures adopted such mea surest that success is inevitable 31 on my return to carson valley we shall start out a company to explore a new route whereby 300 miles travel can be saved which will so shorten the distance that a failure of this mail mali mall cannot happen respectfully yours E for local mail service in utah offices established in the year 1853 the following territory there were a few post announced in the newspaper were 2 E vans david evans L ity ehl C ehi gity city lehl lehi PM E T barnard PM wm G sterrett PM P mo anson call PM charles A davis PM john rowberry P M PM charles hubbard PM M J C L smiths smith P PM carson valley pleasant grove fillmore city changed from corn creek palmyra 1ity gity thoele tooele Ccity box elder now willard parowan carowan for ordering bagnardi nardi L barnardi Bar barnard stamps these postmasters were advised that those wishing one cent or three cent stamps should forward their cash and orders to the great salt lake city post office off ice willard richards postmaster the amount of postage collected in utah territory in 0110 aass ffollows ollo w s olio letter postage 715 15 715.15 71515 newspaper postage 41 51 41.51 4151 199.00 stamps sold 19900 66 postage 955.66 955 95566 collected total 4 704 33926970 269 T transportation 3t26970 ransportation news deseret 2eseret ibid bid op 01 cit april 30 1853 may 4 1853 31bid ibid postmaster 4postmaster generals report 1853 p 820 3 1853 was CHAPTER m THE MIDDLE FIFTIES at the beginning of 1854 it was nearly time to renew contracts or to invite new bids washington contracts from the post office department in were usually issued every four years D C territory the issuance started in 1850 for utah and now in 1854 it was time the system used by the govern- ment was to publish advertisements in the newspapers in the month for those to be changed or renewed of january there was an advertisement issued by the post office ment asking for bids for new contracts depart- it stated proposals for carrying the mails of the united states st of july 1858 in the st of july 1854 to the 1I1st from the 1I1st ist ist territory of utah will be received at the contract office of the post office department in the city of washington until 9 A M of the 3rd of april 1854 to be decided by the 23rd of april 1854 on the routes and in the times 1I herein specified the routes which were listed under this heading are route number miles 12523 900 route and schedule sacramento city carson valley box elder salt lake city leave sacramento at 6 A M on the each month ideseret deseret news op cit jan 4 1854 jan 32 12 12t 1854 first of 33 route number route and schedule miles mile mlle9 arrive at salt lake in four weeks leave salt lake at 6 A M on the first of each month arrive at sacramento city in four weeks 12707 soo 800 dallas washington salt lake city leave dallas at fort boise fort hall 9 A M on the first day of every month arrive at salt lake in four weeks ft zet ret rst day leave salt lake at 9 A M on the first of every other month mouth arrive at dallas in four weeks 12801 1000 prove city salt lake american fork provo payson ray son summit creek nephi springville Spring springviue ville pay carowan Pa rowan city fillmore city red creek parowan johnsons springs Springst coal creek santa clara san bernardino san diego leave salt lake on the zoth of each month arrive at san diego by the 18th of the next month leave san diego on the zoth of each month arrive at salt lake by the 18th of each month 12802 133 draperville draperviue erville lehi city american salt lake Drap grove provo prove ngew pleasant springel spring Spri city springew fork ville palmyra payson salt creek nephi manti leave salt lake city every monday at P M tuesday arrive at manti by 8 PM mantl every thursday manti mand leave manu arrive at salt lake by 8 P M friday 12803 1000 6 A me salt lake fort laramie council bluffs iowa oth of each month mouth bouth leave salt lake on the 1I loth ath of the next arrive at council bluffs by the 8th month 34 route number route and schedule miles leave council bluffs on the loth 0of each month ath of the next arrive at salt lake by the 8th month 12804 40 Browns ville salt lake city millers creek brownsville ogden leave salt lake mondays and thursdays at 5 AM ville tuesdays and fridays brownsville arrive at Browns M at 5 A AM arrive at salt lake by 8 P M same days 12805 35 salt lake tooele thoele city leave salt lake every monday at 6 A M thoele by 8 P M arrive at tooele tooeie tooele city every tuesday at 6 A leave thoele arrive at salt lake by 8 P MI M in the same advertisement let us look at the form for a bid the form of a guaranty and the form of a certificate form for a bid where tern tem templated tein teb plated by bidder no change from advertisement is con- or we as the case may be here write the name or names in full of here state the residence or residences hereby propose to carry the mail on route no from top as often as the postmaster generals advertisement too to sarne same for proposals for the sanne sabe dated october 13 1853 requires in the time stated in the schedules contained in said advernent sement tisen ti tisement bent and by the following mode of conveyance to wit tiser nltml sum of or the annual here state how it is to be conveyed for here write out the sum in words at full length 1I dated signed 35 form of a guaranty fore goina the undersigned undertake that if the foregoing bid for be accepted by the postcarrying the mail on route no master general the bidder shall prior to the 1st ist day of july next enter into the req required Ared obligation to perform the service proposed with good and sufficient sureties torg guaran guarantors signed by two guarantorq tors dated form of a certificate the undersigned postmaster judge or a clerk of a court of record as the case may be certified that he is well guarantors and the property and acquainted with the above guarantor man that they are men ban of property and able to make good their ben guaranty signed dated george chorpenning chorpe charpe mail contractor to california from salt lake renewed his contract in 1854 the advertised route as has been noted in the schedule was from salt lake city to san diego in stead of sacramento chorpenning penning accepted the offer Chorpenzing there had been some talk of extending the mail between missouri and Ca california Wornia mornia to a weekly service already chorpenning had stocked the route from south- w3 with equipmentbecause Calif ern california because of his th stations and equipment califorlu oriu a to salt lake wa orlu having to make the trips by this way during the winter months thus anticipating a weekly service and desiring to be a part of the newly proposed idea he purposely made the very low bid of plan was successful for he got the contract 15 pp ap 14 1415 his he knew that with improved service and a weekly mail his pay would be increased ichorpenning chorpenning op cit 12 500 36 the new route number was 12 801 it extended from salt lake provo Arne springville city through anne ville payson summit city Spring rican american fork parowan johnsons johnson carowan rowan nephi more city Pa oore city creek creek fiuroore fiumore fiumora red FiUr flum flur springs cold creek santa clara Califor california nl a californl californi gothere san Die diegothere and back once a month 1st ist and run through june 30 lake city on the first and san bernardino to the contract was to begin july the schedule was to leave salt 1858 of every month iby pedro san by the 28th at 78th arrive of the same month mouth leave san pedro on the 1st ist of each month arrive at salt lake by the 28th of the same month according to the policy of the post office department contractors were paid quarterly before january 1 1854 they could draw any amount of their pay not exceeding their quarterly sum any number of this created frustration in the government times during the period offices office on each oneach therefore after january ist only one draft for the pay oneace route would be honored the draft containing the full pay for the quarter honoredthe the following advertisements appeared in the deseret news 4 several times during the month of january 1854 ion lon on november 13th there was a change san diego was cut outgoing through san bernardino monte san gabriel and los angeles to san pedro 2 op cit chorpenning 0121 olen oien 3 3deseret deseret news op cit 41bide id jan 5 12 19 4a 4 pa p aa p9 jan 1854 19 26 1854 and other editions 3 37 ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE OF THE U USS MAIL FROM AND TO G S L CITY POST OFFICE the eastern mail leaves for independence 1st ist of each month at mo the 6 A M arrives the last day of each month at 6 P M the western mail leaves for sacramento city calif the 1st ist day of each month at 6 A M arrives arrive the 30th day at 6 P M ist of the oregon mail leaves for the dallas the 1st M de decc feb april june aug and oct at 6 A AM marcha arrives the last day of nov jan marchy march may july and sept at 6 P M the above mails will be closed at 5 oclock olock P M precisely the last day of each month mouth bouth brownsviue ogden and millera creek mail leaves the brown&ville every monday and thursday at 6 A M arrives every tuesday and friday at 6 P M the southern mail leaves every monday at 6 A M provo prove payson can springville Spring for aberl ville salt creek american ameri fork aberi poat offices and returns every saturday nephi and manti post at 6 pm P M no regular mail service to fillmore city or parowan carowan Pa rowan when will the mail close how late can 1I get a letter in the mail please read the above and not trouble the postauch questions master to answer such x MAIL COACH provo prove Spring ville palmyra springville to american fork payson summit creek nephi and manti city every monday poet office great salt lake city M from the post at 6 A AM and will return leaving manti city every thursday at 6 A M arriving at great salt lake city every saturday at 6 pm P M passengers for any of the above places will leave their names at the post office s from u terms G S L u u prove city to provo 2 4 nephi n H H n manti u 6 to be paid at the time of starting in cash cah or on the tithing office lorenao johnson lorenzo i ibid H 1 as 1s 38 on march lake died 1854 11 1 willard richards wward R chadds chards second postmaster at salt postmaster for great salt lake city up to he was the time of his death and enjoyed the full confidence of the postmaster Postmalster balster general gement touching postal arrangements judgement respected hig bis jud his who throughout the mountain territories tii til ill H upon the death of postmasters richards joseph cain became acting postmaster a now new postmaster postin aster elias smith there seems oi 1854 the middle of was appointed 2 willard winard shortly after which 3 to have been an improvement in the mails during in august joseph cain wrote a letter to the editor of the deseret news in which he said permit me chrol thro1 throl your columns in behalf of the citizens of utah territory to return our sincere thank thanks to W F deweber esq post master of independence mo for his indefatigable exertions in assisting to ferret out the mail de linquency linquency between his office and this city with the assistance of mr deweber deweber it 1Iiss my belief debebe that the U S mail will be carried more regular than reighted and hitherto and that ox teams will not have to be ffreighted carry the back mails at the end of the contract 1I also wish to express my thanks in behalf of the citizens to F little esq subcontractor from this city ya to fort laramie for his exertions in carr y1ing the mail to carrying and from this city and to the best beat of my knowledge he has always brought the whole of the mail which arrived at fort laramie for this territory with the exception of one trip when he was obliged to leave one sack in consequence of the impossibility of transporting it over the mountain of the snow are occasioned by the melting torrents which meltino deltino 4 in the spring mar ibid 2ibide bid 0 july 16 1854 as 6 1854 6s 30tgon 3orson borson ferguson whitney history of utah cannon and sons 1892 1I p 531 44deseret news op C ite ito cit deseret aug 3 1854 salt lake city MIR C wlm wim MIR mim 05 nt AIM WILLA t 7 t cigic figic 4 rlchkrds OR ie 557 5 iz 52 40a frequently it was necessary to publish lists of letters which had 1I accumulated in the post office at salt lake and other communities accompanying the list was usually a notation th at the letters would be that placed in the dead office ice letter off by a certain date if they were not called for the mail contract between salt lake city was secured by william M F mcgraw and J 14 440 14.440 14440 salary per annum was 14440 aug unt until antii ilAug untilaug 7 1855 to on july 31 36 000 this and independence in 1854 hockaday M 2 was raised for zaa temporary period nnum because of indian troubles per annum mcgraw mcgr w sometimes ispell eol eci magraw spelled 1854 the 1 salt lake city with his first mail bali and six passengers ball ng experience a disheartening informed the citizens of adisheartexu mie as he observed laramie fort lara 4 3 entered upon arrival he the postmaster at was not as responsible as a he might be walting rt LI while mr mcgraw was waiting waltina at 11 io A M to mie from 10 AM 6 Ps P M nur numerous not one letter of the nun nerous ones from the emigrant trains and others lait en route was delivered into his hands for him to carry on to sait salt lake 1 u new editor however the deseret news bibid libid ibid april 13 july 22hafen chafen harens op OR cit 9 6 oct pressed txnzessed great optimism in the 1854 5 o6l whitney 0 op 60 60061 oal pp ap gool 6061 02 cit p 576 jame eing vincent frederick ban ben holladay the stagecoach king kihe kibe glendale calif the arthur H clark co p 47 3 U S cong 33rd 33rdcong statutes at L large X p 684 segs sess appendix p 272 2nd sege 4 4deseret deseret news 0op cit aug 3 U 1854 S congressional globe 41 improvement of service through the energyzand energy zand and faithfulness of mcgraw and the postmaster at independence 1 one of the improvements already was that the postmaster at independence uidepen dence had secured braes brass locks for the mail sacks 2 perih od two peril period in demonstration of mail delinquency during this perll quotations from the deseret news in 1854 may be beneficial newspapers papers books wrapping papers paper 0 1I old news thirteen sacks oi letters written and mailed in 1852 etc were brought to the post office in tius tiu thiss city on the 12th dinst inst and on the 14th three more sacks filled with matter of the same character and it is more on the way more mail arrived rumored there are stillimore still stil stiilimore on the stideenth eight made sixteenth of august fhis sacks thirty thirtyeight this chis carried by these ox teams thig tins time mostly congressional this the sacks contained ting whi which ch may have been valuable if received at their date practically all of the newspapers were damp some dated back to to together printe prints damaging the ether print V april of 15 2 documents seasonable and rubbed rubbed 24 though the proceedings of mcgraw were very encouraging at the outset we shall see later a in december 1854 advertised 5 marked change in his attitude and service a anu few new mail routes anci and post offices were they were in december not yet in operation but soon would be 1 aug 17 auw aug17 ibid aug88 2ibid bibid id 31bid 3ind aind auga aug s 4ibxd 41bid 5 mao ibid loe lae 0 1854 17 1854 sl7 1854 aug 24 1854 dec 1854 aug sla 17 21 42 mail routes great salt lake honne horne home hobe Har harkers barkers kers settlement mill fort herriman to cedar valley gardners gardner great salt lake sugar works neff Is mill mill creek neffs holladays settlement union to mountainville Mountainville taylors ville grant Grants ville thoele tooele to grantsville post offices with their postmasters M home Har hankers harkers barkers kers settlement west jordan samuel bennion PPM Taylors taylorsville isaac houston PM ville P M A B cherry P M Cent erville centerville PM s sions PM david se stoker sessions P M union little cottonwood P M silas richards PM Drap draperviue draperville erville south willow creek ebenezer brown P M james jame jabe allred PM P M canal creek san pete county john rowberry M rowbe robbe r ry P thoele tooele city PM M isaac C haight P cedar city PM the eastern mail for well john Y 1855 did not seem to start out too green and his party left salt lake the 1I1st st of january and ist returned on the 18th with the same mail they had been stopped at greenrivera greenriver dekeep Green river by wash eookeep ekeep one of the heads of the snakes and told that it would be dangerous to go any further rumors were that the Oga cheyennes e and the arrappahoes ogalallah cheyanne arrappahoe were on the route lallah sioux the cheyenne and threatens threatening threatenl nl ng that no one should pass threate waa suggested that the mail it was panama was way by and of sent california eastward companys well as the adams and company e rvice in that direction sservice chorpenning as chorpe charpe express was wa wab performing good nacle rnacie this suggestion made by the post off office ice at couze for a temporary period only until a settlecoure salt lake was of course ment could be reached with the indians bibid libid ibid jan 25 1855 43 the adams and companys great salt lake city express had a monthly schedule between utah and california 1I with all shipments in-to zu a the sandwich islands sured it provided service to Califor california califorzu australia the atlantic states and europe an added feature of this firm was that it would serve its patrons by making purchases for them in other parts of the country as well as sell or trade trad for them company was large and reliable in salt lake city the felix tracy jr was the agent for it 1I in the early part of 1855 mr mcgraw applied for a claim of cal cai remuneration for the trouble with the indians had critical ariti hd become criti in addition to losing property and equipment he had to hire strong guards L large recorded in the statutes at narge to protect the mails we find this mcgraw M to compensation for william F for carrying the mail on route number eight thousand nine hundred and eleven from independence missouri to great salt lmke luke city utah territory monthly each way according to the ed performed contract under which said service is now being perfor herfor aum thirty six thousand dollars per aannum the sum of thirtysix nub aub commencing with the eighteenth day of august eighteen hundred and fifty four and continuing until one year and in lieu of the stipulated compensation therein stip ted provided that the post mastergeneral be master and contractors tractors baster general with the assent of the jontractors contractors jon fon he is authorized to annul annai said contract annal aul there was an explanation given for this salary increase to william mcgraw in the official records of the united states government as follows 1ibide bid feb ZU statutes atbte8 at L large atutes S st 1 1855 axy xy X ps 684 p 6840 A AA A jr jrzZ 44 an ammendment ammendment to an appropriation bill mcgraw M compensation to william for carryF for ing the mail on route 8911 from independence missouri to great salt lake utah territory monthly each way according to the contract under which said service is now be heing being lug performed sum of 36 000 per annum commencing with the contract the suzn lleu of the compensation therein stipulated lieu aforesaid and in heu X 1I will explain that ammen ammendment dment this contract for YIL supplying suppi yll ng the mail from independence to salt lake city was urn umb taken by mr mcgraw at the sum sub of 14 000 the indian difficulties which have occurred there have subjected him to great losses all his papers are before the committee on the post office and post roads road my own opinion is that although this is a pretty considerable allowance for the mail service it is absolutely necessary if the mail is to be carried there at au all ail ali he will be compelled to employ pretty strong guards he has lost many of his mules and some of his drivers and upon that route in the present state of the 11 have to employ a very strong guard country cou ntry he vn will under but proper and right such circumstances X1I think it nothing butfroper that the compensation should be allowed mcgraw company had a passenger coach service along with the Har wilins hotel in salt lake city and the its coaches left harwilins the mail morith noland house in independence missouri on the first day of each month at 8 A M the coaches stopped for a short time at each of these way greenriver lions fort bridger greenrivera devila devils gate fort laramie ash Green river devil1 stat stations hollow fort kearney and big blue the agents situated at salt lake ependence were J M hockaday and isaac hockaday respectively independence and dependence ependence one of the carriers for the company was mr hudspeth of whom albert carrington editor of the deseret news once said he is an indefatigable and energetic conductor51 conductor of the mails between independence and salt 51 U S congressional globe loc cit 2deseret deseret news op 22 cit lake quoting thomas J rusk mar 14 1855 45 city carrington also said of the postmaster at independence P he is prompt accommodating accornmodatmiz and gentlemanly mcclanahan n such kind words could not be spoken for postal employees at the fort laramie larabie station however for it was shown that in many instances they proved to be unreliable albert carrington had this to say concern- ing this station there is little known about mail service between independence and La rainie but in laramie laramie larabie responsible employee who left here vn with th the says aya that on arrl vmg at Lar annle annie arriving april mail for the east arnie laramie last ays larabie arri way11 the postmaster overhauled the way mail sacks way mail is that mail which is left at the stations between the two ends of the route1which route roate which contained as it always does all matter for offices on the route and then expressed ety to ranzack anxiety great an ransack the balance with which he had no business re thank to our ffriend th mcclanahan but many thanks there cia cla riend mc rum lock prevented his aging to use no rumaging for the brass locks hi rummaging severer term and we trust that the postmaster general will perceive the necessity of the case cabe and at once cause post proper bags to be furnished to the postmaster Poatmaster baster at independence sufficient to contain all mali maii mail matter for utah with brass locks for each and no keys for these locks except at independence and G S L city this mode and this alone will prevent the whole2 sale rummaging which utah haa has so long endured A O 0 and again mr carrington said when the conductor arrived at laramie he enquired specirnan specimen speciman all mail matter for utah and thib ali for an thie thle spe ciman postmaster this handed out a very small amount the conductor asked again if that was au all ail ali and the reply was again yes when at the same time there was a large number of mail sacks in plain ibid bid may 16 1855 46 sight behind the door and one of the hands said 1 I know these are for salt lake and you had better not ask again H THo iho wever for some or we shali shail have them all to carry shall however shau shan reason not yet found out those sacks were afterwards 11 forwarded to the conductor 1IA the latter quotation portrays the notion that postmasters were not always arnes comet transporters of the mail were somet sometimes responsible tr irnes irresponsible to blame biame blabe in ng to cost the april of 1855 information pertaining pertaim vertaim matter was published we Jfind nd that letters sent under fina cents those over three cants 3 for by weight as well A was sent for three cents was sent for six cents 000 miles were ten cents 3 of sending mail 000 miles were they were charged single letter did not exceed one half ounce it A double letter did not exceed one ounce and each time a half ounce was added the amount the original price was added all letters cf bad to be sent pre and parcels had paid except those concerned with government business letters which were merely delivered probably within communities and not transmitted through the tb mails cost one cent 2 wim wlm toward the latter part of the year erastus snow made a trip with bad two new the mail party had the mail coach coming from independence mon grels because they were be called concord mongrels vehicles which he geither neither carriages coaches nor wagons young yoto1 and the other jack jemison 11 11 one was named brigham each drawn by six mules be- if f1whip up11 up whip was one side rider with each team to sides the driver there the mules were heavily laden but by feeding on he says that they wereheavily imd jbidip ild ebido ibido bid 47 buckskin profusely mixed with oaths and curses dealt out with damna- tion they succeeded in reaching big blue at the usual asual time at which station they found part enough animals for a change and those in poor condition H in pushing on towards kearney they met on the big blue river the eastbound mail which had waited for twelve days at gate for an escort of soldiers devils bad coming they had the military guard not comings moved on meeting the military milita ry at deer creek the mail parties ex- esth changed mui the westbound group receiving the better one mules mul onesafter mulesth safter which they went on to kearney here they secured more mules which the other mail train had left for them and continued on towards laramie the general practice was for the men to wait at kearney until the escort reached them and be accompanied from there E snow they did not wait however soldier said they probably made better time without the soldiers they coming met captain ketchum with the down coxxu jug escort near chimney rock on the morning of august 16 1855 the next day twenty miles east of nesz next eastbound mali mall mail desperately trying to catch laramie they met the nerz thein the escort which had started two days ahead of them theb laramie mr gilky conductor on reaching was informed that he would of our party wae have to wait for the return of captain ketchums escort instead of waiting went on to salt lake n evastus snow erastus 1 agton gton wrote another editorial on the poor mail carrington in september carrm service he said ibid 0 sept as 5 1855 5s Q 48J utah is only allowed a monthly mail from the east trah beat ia and that at the best is not required to arrive until the end next st of the no of the month mouth d bouth and must leave early on the 1I at month mouth thus when it even arrives by the allotted time bouth which it has not done for nearly a year compelling correspondents correspondent and businessmen to omit all or nearly all of their answers until another month it is virtually a mail once in TWO MONTHS in good weather and twice wa w1 ae months once in THREE MONTHS within the past nine pat lu the following table shows the mail arrivals for a fourteen month period in 1854 and 18554 1855 0 TABLE 1I SCHEDULED ARRIVALS AND ACTUAL ARRIVALS OF THE EASTERN MAILS date of arrival date due month day year month july august september october november december january last day dast laet last day last day last day last day last day last day last day last day last day last day last day day nat last lat last day 1854 1854 1854 1854 1854 1854 1855 august aug august augast ust ast september october december 1855 1855 1855 1855 1855 1855 1855 march february march april may juam june juav july august february february februa ferrua may may june july august september day year 3 31 31 1854 1854 1854 1854 1854 1855 1855 1855 1855 1855 1855 1855 1855 1855 28 30 1 5 3 16 112 I 12 5 9 2 5 iverd within the arrived these are the only mails which arr time scheduled tinae tibe ibid 221bicl ibid sept 12 1855 CHAPTELR CHAPTER IV THE transition PERIOD beginning with the years beg AJ in the history of the utah mail 1856 are some of the most exciting ones they consist of a great transition period of the mail from its rough beginning to a more stable condition between 1856 and 1858 most of the transportation was handled by the mormons themselves the division west of salt lake city remained in the hands of george chorpenning until may 1860 soon after that the ma mail balil service ball 1 from the banks of the missouri river to california was as a single route it was during this time that the service changed from monthly to weekly then came the famous daily mail from east to west it was at the first session of congress 1856 that chorpe ngs chorpenning charpe claims for losses incurred by indian ind-ian hostilities and extra service performed in the transportation of the mails began his petition was for him favorably handled for it was during this year that he received an adjustment for his claims he got not only a 16 000 increase in salary but also his full pay from the temporary trouble during bis his pertaining to the unfair annitumento annullment 1I first contract one of the things which had en courager cou couraged raged chorpenning in his bis struggle to survive his zm misfortunes sfortunes and to chorpenning Chor chou pennings op 224 cit p 18 U S 49 statutes at L L are atlare ablare laro Ms XI 21 p 5521 so 50 be successful in his claims was that the other three big mail contractors had been having similar troubles and claims to santa george H giddings santa fe 1I jacob hall independence n nto kilo fe to san antonio and W M F magraw were the men who made it easier for chorpenning to explain his own troubles on saturday june l4th lath there was a public assembly held in salt lake city a protest meeting to correct the deplorable situation with regard to mcgraws service the people were asked to express their indignation so that something might be done to get a more reliable mail service at mcgraw was soon to lose his con was felt that this time it tract but they were unaware that on may 29th a law was passed which uated it bated terminated termi the act was as follows be it enacted by the senate and house of representatives ted of the um itd united ttd states of america in congress assembled that in consideration of indian disturbances and the consequent inexpenses ex carrying pences and difficulties of carr creased expences yling the mails along the route number eight thousand nine hundred and eleven from Is hereby independence to salt lake the postmaster general is authorized and required to pay to william M F magraw maa mali maill service aforesaid the sum of thirty contractor for the maii six thousand dollars for the year ending on the eighteenth day of august eighteen hundred and fifty six which said allowance shall be in lieu of the present contract price for sald said ald aid service and shall be paid out of the treasury sec 2 and be it further enacted that the secretary of the treasury be directed to pay out of the treasure to the said william M F magraw seventeen thousand seven hundred and fifty dollars as full indemnity for his claim 3 1 luU S narge statutes at L large zdeseret deseret news op 22 cit X p june Y pp 648 X ap 95 448 11 1856 51 lanb as included indians tud lud for property stolen and destroyed by the indiana lans w1fth the commissioner affairs fairse fairsa with in his account filed wa commiss 1I oner of indian Af sec 3 and be it further enacted that the contract heretofore entered into by said william M F magraw for the transportation of the mails on said sald route be and the sarne same is vn annulled with th the assent of said magraw au nulled from and after the eighteenth day of august eighteen hundred and geneval be and he is general postmastergeneral fifty fiftysix six and that the postmaster byo authorized and required to lot hereby here byg iet said contractor for let the term of four years from frob said day and to advertise for proposals therefore approved may 29 the year 1857 begins m mails balis balls alUs between salt 1856 1 with a complaint about the plundering of the lake and its western terminal the deseret news relates were the california special mail agent worth a tow string it would seem to be an easy matter matter for him to ferret out the plunderers for it iss not presumable that the packages aye are rifled in the san francisco post office where papers and periodicals are so cheap and plenty nor on the mail steamers this reasonable presumption narrows down the plundering to sorne place or places between leaving the steamers and san some bernardino a very short line for the mail agent to overhaul will he do it yes if he regards the rights of others and as much as he does his ease and the duties of his office aa 2 salary in february of 1857 the people of utah territory had not as yet received official word that the mcgraw contract had fallen however they did learn through tty the mormon a church publication in new york Ccity that it had been annulled lu Sst statutes deseret news deseret news 3 mr mcgraw merely let his services die out at L large XI p 448 op 22 cit jan 28 1857 op cit feb 25 18570 1857 52 he did not officially notify the people that he was through the ex contractor was very angry over the circumstances surrounding his re- cormons lationship Mormons lation ship with the mormons he admitted having personal grievances with them one of which was hiram kimballs underbidding him in his attempt to renew his contract A L magraws magrass magraw Mag raws saz saldd said neff has saa 1personal annoyances annoyances1 against the mormons consisted first in Kimb personal kimballs kibbalPs alls ails 1 outbidding him for the mail contract secondly in the bei bel seiasure leiasure sei asure of his seizure mules buies for private debt and thirdly in the scathing denunciations by bules editor carrington in the church organ the deseret news for failure to 111 III ttl tii iti observe mail schedules 11 9 mcgraw wrote a letter to the president of the united statesz states to inform the officials at washington of the lawlessness of the mormons in utah he used almost every conceivable description to cause those citizens to lose favor in the eyes of the government aided mcgraw in his efforts in utah territory drummond a judge feramorz little wrote a stinging letter telling of the falsity of the character of the judge and how the people in the states were kindled against the mormons because of his false reationsy creations 32 judge drummonds wife wrote a letter describing some of the activities of her children which were in distinct contrast sc with the andali scandale scandall scandalistic stic movements of their father listic scanda andall 4 landrew love neff history of utah 1847 1869 18471869 deseret news press 1940 p 442 2ibido sibido id 33journal journal 41bide id history op ciso cito cite april 22 cit jan 20 1865 18 1857 salt lake city 53 so now the mail iss in the hands of the mormons cormons Mor mons naged managed caged they ma it well but in 1857 they lost it when they got into trouble with the federal government mostly boatly because of the subversive activities of mcgraw and drummond john bernhisel on october 23 1856 wrote a jetter ater jitter tter to john 12 taylor informing him that hiram kimball had been awarded the mail contract orson son brigham young in a letter to or orbon bon pratt said mail the contract for carrying the maii bali from this salt lake ball to independence united states has fallen to hiram kimball and others of this city at 23 000 per annum for four years and these gentlemen have so arranged this matter that it 10 is expected it will be subject to our direction on the 8th ath of last month february jfebruarj tebruary we sent out the first mail eastward in charge of eight men W A hickman flickman conductor they had much snow to pass over but we doubt not they have 2 conne corne these difficulties and are now near the states over overcome when an advertisement had been issued in 1856 by the post office department around june hiram kimball of salt lake city had made a reply mcgraw had not properly closed his contract and be- cause of the late mails kimball was not aware of the acceptance of his consequently he was late in preparing his facilities offer he did not have his bis first outgoing mail until february 8 1857 actually according veu neu viCes from the to the congressional records he had performed his ver services 7th ath of february until the 30th deseret news no 96 of june op 22 cit 10 lo jan 3 14 1857 journal 1history op cit mar 1I 1857 pe 9 9e p ae 3au 3u U S house executive documents 35th cong pa 353 st seas Sess Ist istsess 1I vp pe va 95momm za z7 le agas agal beal KI sesv seav mac tcp TSS ig fig fit 5 MB P 55 uncertainty of the mcgraw contract and a new Bt cause of the because contractor the postmaster at salt lake in the meantime employed ephraim airn alin Ferarnorz littie ferarnorz little lttie and Ephr 1 independence 50c inde en endence for indence 150c dence X K hanks to carry a special mail to they were experienced in the mail service as has been noted ear carterr and they knew the mountains in winter caiser eai two men had recently en in the rescue party for ben hen 1I these bolma snowbolma snowbound the famous snow hand cart company handcart 2 loth with pack and saddle animals they left salt lake december lot and arrived at devils devills gate the 24th theyd they t learned that james here theyj buchanan had been elected president of the united states found them thein at 3lst alst december 31st fort laramie lara rnie here colonel hoffman post commander gave them permission to replenish their supplies before continuing their on january 2nd they left and traveled fifty miles the first day journey to scotts bluffs from here on they had a great deal of trouble because of the ice and snow being unable to make more than eight or ten miles a day there of buffaloes was something in their favor however they found plenty the wolves would eat whatever they left they reached arnle arnie and on the 311st 3lst alst ash hollow twelve days after leaving fort Lar laramie larabie of arney where they enjoyed the kind january they arrived at fort Xe kearney hospitality of captain wharton the next day the following day they headed for big blue which they reached in sixteen days 1I ibid little op OR cit & CIL zjournal journal history op cit dec 10 1856 p 1L messrs little 56 and hanks were in a pitiful state of cold and hunger when they reached big blue they arrived in independence on the 27th of february twenty s this thi thl seventy eight from salt lake fort kearney seventyeight six days from one of the toughest was trips these two men ever made together ter delivering the mail at independence little went iv after washington to collect their pay on to when he arrived there he discovered the terrible hostilities which were building up against the mormons in utah mainly from judge drummonds report he utahmainly sent word to the new york herald saying that the accusations against the mormons were false e rat ions operations after learning of the bbeginning egimung op lons 0off the B express to be Y balTs contract and that the mail was coming to discussed later under Kim kimbalts independence he immediately went to independence who had left R murdock several tons there salt lake early in march with the latest mail of mail were waiting to be carried back some equipment took another load about a month later B Mur aock with murdock st little after assembling started westward about may 1Iist two wagon loads the he met john Y X company pany Corn 3 2 o the name by which the express dirril firril birr firr begun by brigham young was commonly called began in the fall of 1856 and mountains mail passenits purpose was to carry across the plains ana gers and freight blittle ilittle littie little mcgraw and hockaday contract had expired in the op cit 2whitney whitney Vh vhitney itney op cit 3for ifor for the story O op 0P cit mar 14 july pp 6614 ap pp ap 595 599 595599 X company see journal history 1 p 93 april 21 and 29 may 1 p 3 may 29 july 21 24 pp 576 ap 6688 1857 whitney op cit pp ap 574 574576 of the B Y 7 si 7 i fl and apt 4pt 14 if 10 A 6 YOUNG ite N ime5 nimes nites 58 the fall fali and hiram kimball had been awarded the new contract for the fail mail between salt lake city and independence not because of any favoritism but simply because kimball underbid all competitors as well as previous contractors the enraged mcgraw claimed that there was not a vestige of law and order in the and property territory no protection of life accompany accompan companyling his letter to the president of Ac accompanying the united olthe althe states was one from judge drummond whose immoral conduct rendered him obnoxious to the citizens of the area both men sought revenge their seat to caused1 troops to be sent malicious acts in addition to those of others caus utah in the fall of 1857 this thi put an end to the B thl Y express company when hiram kimball officially learned of his contract he immediately went to brigham young who had organized the express to operate in connection with the company the kimball contract was B sites were selected on the route for the location of stations Y X fresh mules were to be placed at these stations along with other facilities to insure good responsible service these stations ra r4jaham B jgham young brigham to be made in twenty days monthly would also serve for emigration companies to the west at the outset had said that he would stock 300 miles of himself the route hirose hirnse 1I at a conference held in april of 1857 a number of missionaries were chosen and set apart to assist in the establishment of these stations one of which had already been started under the direction of nathaniel V jones and orrin porter rockwell i peso dego dege ret news op cit deseret 0j aj cite feb 18560 1856 59 mr hickman started east with the first mail mall mali of the mormon express company february 8 1857 1 on march 3rd mr thomas dig dispatched dir patched the second mail for the east porter rockwell carried it to laramie from there nicholas mdridge sidridge adridge with him were a mr Si dridge groesbeck took it to independence two passengers ember of the company in member two animals 2 a eleven employees and thirty in independence N groesbeck was to be in charge of the bus lne 6 6 of the B ine business X Y nateeen nineteen in april there were nl natelen missionaries called to serve with the B of Y X company latterday latter day saints to ch of jesus christ chul church chulch it was the custom in the chur call men women and even families for duties was really the church umty which community whichvvas pertaining to the church or the comm these men called for special work companys on the new company set apart as any other missionary for the church project were 2 list3 list is as the lista follows including those who set them apart missionary missio set apart abart by john D park alexander H heii hill hiu hin james dimond james B park ira N hinkley john vance jr jamed james jabed jame jabe steward wilford woodruff A P rockwell orson or son hyde wilford woodruff A P rockwell orson hyde john taylor deseret news 2wl9 feb ebido ibido ppe cito op cit feb 1856 1857 U UI 185741 3journal journal history og cit april apri 1 1857 pp ap 12 60 Mis missional missionary siona slona mls missiona set part rt Bby henry ivi t4ciirthur mcrthur marthur john S houtz houta green samuel george A williams nviluam showel william llewellyn hursey uon wil&on vil hency W vii wilaon henry heary lon F D richards kichard richards john taylor taylor 0 hyde 0 hyde joseph young 0 hyde john taylor F D richards iko ike weki weli weil rockwell iio iAio P Rock F D richards ackwell A P ro ckwell rockweu rockwel F D richards lee ivl iviorrill mexriu alonzo clark merriu dark Ivi alono mark aiono orrill orrin S reuben gates george davidson john P wimmer these men left salt lake on april 21 ZI tuesday 1I wilford woodruff wrote in a letter great many have been called to go on the road between here and the states some to make settlements ce of the express and service others to engage in the servil 2 carrying co A in july john taylor wrote a letter describing a few of the operations of the B Y express preas Express creek station july deer greek 24 1857 Appl appi by dear bro appleby dear sir addressed you a long letter a few days ago which 1I trej a there is no certainty thei laramie P 00. but as sent to tbej the of the mail 1I embrace an opportunity of sending this by a ou packer whom 1I consider more reliable than the mail on this route particularly at the present we are informed here that there ia is a change of mail and that it1 is taken bau under what pretext it is difficult from kimbau kim frob mr hiram kimball kib ban 1I 3 1 ibid 40 0 p 1I 2 journal history op OR cit may 1 18579 1857 p 3 61 r n for the lastt rr for me to determine u one was rr maii mali mail but carried y r days c t tthree twentythree in twenty andd the last mail bali in eighteen inr much ball buch legs a has ever been done in before less time in fact the tibe thann it hab express company from whom he hab c are has obtained assistance inn betterr position to carryr mail elbe 0 anything eibe else than anyr bali or ball r arrangement ever rr that uncle sam r had or is ever likelyy has evev sab hag to have for some bome bobe time to come cobe they have laid out an a 1 along the e havo stations ail t of rmeans and have immense amount ali all route between horse shoe creek and the valley vailey amply furnished with men provisions and animals there is from eight to ten ton of flour at thib are this station fifty tons more 0 bore expected soon boon besides oats and other necessities for the r seventy cr h r are bix route n six horses and baies mules belonging seventysix there to the company and 123 cattie cattle are employed in building r a three purposes they have been here about weeks they t have fenced broken and planted 15 acres made bade a drain and taken out the water foz for irrigation completed a carroll i a ffeett square bade 1I150 iong with made of logs 1212 feet long their ends in the ground and dovetailed together near tthe top and a stockyard adjoining of the same dimensions nearly completed they have also commenced a fort which will also be enclosed c one n with a stockade enclosing 42 houses the timber for u already cut and nearly one third on tthe third of the houses ground the sie of the fort is 320 feet square r A portion of the hands are engaged in putting up hay for the winter u and some whoie plan pian is admirably l laid out the whole sobe aof the best a w engaged in its execution workmen the first station that we came cabe to was horseshoe also one at there is one commenced at la bonte there is aido weil as weli devil gate and one at the head of sweetwater as well c of n at fort bridger ail having a corresponding amount ali all animals etc with this station with two or three more bore genoa of will bide of laramie which stations xi the other side larabie bbe one a probably when the above are completed and even now we a u mail need ask no odds cof uncle sam bali affairs arwe ccan ball saba in our carry all ail ali our mails malis by express and have them arrive at malls a in r legs h r from ten to fifteen days less ttime than the theirr destination we have been rmails t balls balis cana ddo it under other arrangements iong enough with a lot of nincompoops there has bamboozled long wooi it is high time bat very little wool been an eternal cry but tibe that r au r attended to owr we our own affairs and this express rwill most 3 1 x and light effectually doc it in mall r parcels small matters bali batters bail this station merchandise nathaniel V jones is captain of thig r u 1I would e got rup heze xremark that thebe these stations have been here un under the direction of hyrum hiram kimball as mail bali ball a ca i i 1 r r al 62 orp under special act of congress for which he contractor contract was to have certain mail facilities bro snow myself and two other brethren left laramie on horseback in advance of our teams to the station where we were kindly received we horseshoe stations were then generously forwarded in a coach and four to this station where we have been for two days A mamor rumor has reached here that indiana indians occupying lodges off the cheyennes have been killed by col forty lodge sumners corn conn command mand 1I feel however inclined to doubt it the health of the brethren is good and we pursue our journeying journeyin jouyney journey in the morning the indians bivians through this district bidians journeyin of country are summoned to rawhide indian agency to receive their annuities and have a talk A large body of indiana indians of the arraphoe Arra phoe sic tribe were encamped here on our arrival who seem beem to be very friendly friend friand lyt they are a fine boyd of men ben a great many of upwards of six feet high and straight as an them are upward arrow 1I had a short interview and talk with black bear one of their chiefs little owl their principal chief is not here at present our company obtained here four fresh animals adieu X As ever yours etc john taylor yio r ta ylo P S 1I gave you full particulars of our moving my last 1I need not say how advantageous these camps in rny weli as to other emigrating weil well posts will be to them as wen parties with these posts our handcarts from henceforth can move from place to place without any difficulty stop sea awhile or over the season bon obtain supplies and move as bea son 1 I congem may convem ence dictate circumstances and convenience 1 w A on may 29th the first B Y empress express Ebspress mail from the east arr ved arrived in salt lake this was the first mail to arrive since november 13 1856 probably the reason for the delay the mail carriers had first left salt lake in february libido bid ibid bid and theoretically should have returned before the end july 24 1857 p p 7 6 2 63 of may was that the postmaster at independence M P mcclanahan had not yet received word of kimballs Kim zelease the elbbals eib bais contract and would not release mail when the carriers tune carrier of the express arrived at independence in june was refused to them the mail waa after learning that troops had already been sent towards utah the carriers immediately started back gathering on the way some sobe of the property of their express company the waa was abandoned and the work on the other stations station at deer creek wag was topped stopped ist 1I soine mail activity up to about september there was still some waa ess was but the companys busm business wab almost a complete loss to its promoters july 24 1857 ten years to the aay day since the saints arrived in the salt lake valley was an unforgettable day for many of the mormons had gathered together for their annual celebration who it was on this day state military troops were coming to that they learned that the united states utah johnstons army they also learned that brigham young was being replaced as governor the following is an excerpt from the atlantic monthly1I movements of equal importance were at washington movement Gre geneval general taking place the postmaster ghe neraL neval in june annulled hold by certain mormons for the transportation the contract held heid of the monthly mail to utah ostensibly on account of nonperformance of the service within the stipulated time but wae satisfied that the mails were violated really because he was either en route or after arrival at salt lake city the office of the governor of the territory was offered by the president to various persons and finally accepted by ming of georgia who gumming a brother of the Curn gumming bing aifred cumming alfred aured fought multitudinous duals with mcduffie of south carolina of which both parties survived all afzf l1bid lebid id 1I pp ap 6688 64 of the stoppage of the mail reached salt lake valley july 24 an eventful anniversary in the history of sm it was on the 24th of july 1847 that brigham mormom mormonism young entered the valley from the east and the day had always afterwards been as a holiday of the church on this 18573 l857 the celebration was wats held in cottonwood occasion 1857 wais canon one of the wildest and grandest gorges among the ng at the foot of the twin peaks opening wasatcb wasatch mountains opem news the new morcom about twenty miles south from salt lake city TI therr more tithe twenty five thousand people had flocked from the city than twentyfive on the previous day and prepared to hold their festival bower built of fragrant pines and cedars around a under bowers little lake far up among the mountains during the afternoon of the 24th while they were engaged in music dancing and every manner of lively sport two dusty messengers rode up the canon bringing from the states the news of the stoppage of the mail and of the approaching march of troops this a d with preconcert mode of announcement was probable preconcerted harn young who was undoubtedly aware of the facts on Brig brigham the proceeding day A scene of the maddest confusion ensued which was heightened by the inflammatory amatory speeches of the inflamatory innamatory inn lna ina mormon leaders young reminded the fanatical throng that give ive us ten years ten years ago that very day he had said lve of peace and we will ask no odds of the united states and he added that the ten years had passed and now they ask no henceforth ree and independent odda odds henc efort a ffree that they constituted hencefort oddsthat state to be known no longer as utah but by their own mormon name of deseret FAm bail bali the second in authority in the kimball kab fabball church called on the people to adhere to brigham as their n prophet seer and revelator priest governor and king rebe lUon the rebellion the sun bun sim set on the first overt act in the zebe way wending famei cs to the city across the their fanatics famtiplain the moonlightbackwere ready to follow where broad in i young to might ever brigham choose lead 11 n may young of 1859 brigham sent a letter to elder horace in eldredge 1H 1 S who had been one of the members of the B Y X company thege route thesemaps containing maps of the mail stations along the routes these maps which were made bade for hiram atlantic little by deputy surveyor thomas D brown were 368 monthly HI mar 1859 pp ap 367 367368 65 1n to be placed in the hands of officials at the general land office in washington this group were horse shoe creek inthis the stations included in la bonte nebraska territory nebraska territory deer creek mitory citory watey and devil ri Sweet sweetwatev ritory station on the sweetwatey sweetwater dev 1IIs gate territory nebraska ta tory J T thebe these hobe hebe hose drawings aye are ade to scale and have recorded on them the latitudinal and longitudinal locations longit langit randolph route to utah D B marcy says ay 14 in the prairie traveler about the mail bays the track is broad well worn and cannot be mistaken mis takenO bib bis tra it has received the major part of the mormon emigration and was trao versed by the army in its march to utah in 1857 it after the mormon express company stopped its service there was virtually no more mat mail bali ball bat I service to utah from the bai 1 east the governments interfering with their peaceful commonwealth and the stoppage of the mails caused great discontent among the people of the great basin evidently there was much misunderstanding on both sides Buc buchanan hanan banan said later that he had misunderstood the actual situation in the territory of utah after hearing more facts concerning the state of mons Mor mong affairs he wrote a letter of proclamation pardoning the mormon in his proclamation and in hib bis message to congress in january his we find an excellent summary of the 1859 presidents interpretation of the situa- tion 1in I11 ll utah he gives reasons for the military actions which took place on from reports such aa as magraws apparently he was under the impression impress aljournal ljournal journal history loc cit 66 and drummonds sb that there was a great rebellion taking place in the drummondab far west bis confessions however humble he may have been in some of his he still was quite firm in his stand that utah U united still territory was sti states property bought with treasury money and that it was under the direction of the united states he told brigham young that he recognized the bravery of the western people in standing up against the government but that the united states state a could wipe out the whole lot in the west if they i would not submit themselves to law and order albert carrington was still editor of the 1858 deseret news in 18580 peoples deop 1 j s he wrote this forceful article expressing his and many of the peop stoppage of the mails feeling conce thestoppage concerning the suppose that in a time of peace and against a portion of american citizens who have committed no crime in law edg eds what stopped the U S mail on the main route should be stopp would and should be done to the offender by the powers that be oh that depends altogether upon whether col mormon johnston stops it or a orbon mormon11 oidd a mormon bidd ormon should me all hell in the united states eng commit such a cru crime cribe land and france would boil for his extermination without hearing or investigation after the mode adoptedZ by pres I H veny very ry over over the left buchanan democ damoc democratic rati c ve bu 11 11 1I 1I 51I 1 sammer it was in the summer sumber of 1858 that the troops entered the valley samber sarne ome they remained there for some sobe sabe obe time to insure a suppression at the same hia hla pardon time buchanan issued his IDe cito op cite idesaret news eacret cit eaeret QJ seret saret zind bid 4 april 7 1858 P thib thia this june whole affair cost the 16 1858 igo iga 160 jan 19 1859 federal 67 07 ni gov government OOO ooo 15 000 000 rnment rement 15000000o Ru nans blunder called Bucha asell ssell russeli russell ooocalled buchanas bachanas o majors and waddell was the company which supplied the army the federal government had hired this firm to take supplier from frob fort U the trail used is leavenworth to salt lake wo blu buffalo buf bill biu auf given to us by william cody ligh tigh kansas northwestwardly crossing the big it ran through thro vigh ies ver for airty sixty nu miles les going river biles blies little blue ri blue river then along the to the platte river ten miles below old fort across some sand hills tothe sandhills arney the Xe keavney kearney trail ran for eighteen miles mins to the north platte river to mius the mouth bouth of the blue water great battle in 1855 with this was where general harney had his oum oux and cheyenne indians the si sioux from this pom pow foU owed passing court house rock chimney point the north platte was followed rock and scotts bluffy bluffs then on to fort laramie crossing the laramie larabie trall led northwestwardly to cross the north river from there the trail platte again passing red buttes devils gate and up to the then it led by independence rock three crossings of the sweet water thence ody on the hottest day of past cold springs where three feet under the god ods sod then to rocky ridge through the rocky the summer ice can be found mountains and echo canyon to the great salt lake valley it ended this 2 route sanne roux roate was essentially the same sarne rout used for the mail gervice service from the vailey missouri river to the valley ile lle le roy R hafen and carl coke rister new york prentice 348 hali hail hall neuv zwilliam 1950 p ad ed ad western america 2d stor yof of the wild william frederick cody autobiography story bof coo coe 1 & co pare 1888 holloway& hollowayy Camj are p holloway west and cam st campfire 888 p 433 chata chats camjfire fire louis cami cabi fira CHAPTER V resumption oas sing of the B das with the passing went MIUL OF THE MAIL mall express and carrying company Y utahs reliable mail service A contract was made with from april males maies to carry the mails eastward from salt lake fromlkpril miles vales S 1 B be 1857 to june 30 18589 1858 mile at 32 000 per mlle contract was made with S B miles 1 1 I aannum aum to mule four from in april december fourmule coaches nub aub the remainder of the year on pack mules to take effect 1 1858 october 1 1857 to expire june 30 18580 je though the contract was made there was a restriction on service to utah even after many differences were settled the quarty quality of mail there carriage was in a degenerate state was little regard for the ivory lvery letters del deiivery regularity or the promptness of the mail delivery lettera and papers being often lost kost mail bags wetted thrown carelessly to the ground and loat sorne purposely bosely oosely destroyed sometimes timea times tibes pur As for niaga magazines zines and newspapers the 2 date saints felt fortunate if they received them four months after their dates J M hog hockaday kada kaaa and hockady Hoc hockada mail from may 1 company had bad the contract for the eastern 1858 to november sew se footnote see 3 1 1860 at 190 000 per annum p 53 gilbert milbert klubert ilubert howe bancroft history of utah 1540 1886 san fran cisco the matory history publishing co 1889 p 770 au 3u ir S senate reports 36th cong ist sess no 259 p 1 68 3 69 carriedin in four carried the mail was to be carrielin horse coaches through each way inn carrledin carri fourhorse eighteen days 1 hockaday bad had bis route divided into three m main maln bain divisions 1 2 3 burg under charles W wiley juleaburg julesburg julesberg Julea st joseph to Ju lesburg pass to julesburg julesberg Ju south under joseph A slade lesburg south pass to salt lake city under james the business pertaining to john E bromley M hockaday and 2 co will be discussed later xn an in this ods year of 1858 svftrvts contract waa george chorpe was still in chorpenning1 Chorpenning n charpe 1 effect from the agreement made in 1854 in preparing for his third con tract with the post office department he found that it would be more ouss for him to go to washington and talk with influential men advantageous advantage Buchanan banan in addition to congressmen and others he talked with president buchanan 3 bAm hdm ham himself seif self chorpenning ts company was in june arrivcharpe the last trip made by chorpe ing in salt lake the 26th A new contract had not been advertised for and gorne gome sorne some probably gonne gobe people wondered about the situation 4 a had however as been mentioned chorpenning had personally been making baking arrangements in washington laje in hid bid he proposed to run a line from salt laj lake lal lalee city ideseret deseret news y 2setttle settle settie op OF cit june op 02 cit 1858 7 1858 p 44 0 3chorpenning op cit chorpenning 01 62 2 0 4deseret deseret news op OF cit p 23 july 70 to placerville wagonsaa weekly services Plac erville by coaches or spring wagons servicesgoing service going boing mew was through in twelve days at 200 000 per annum Ms his bid was accepted but personal requests were made by president buchanan Buc banan hanan and postmaster general brown to start off simpler and work up to a weekly basis basi9 basl twelve day service 190 000 per annum on in other words a eliding sli sii sil dizig scale pro- gram could eexpand aa as the need and facilities would rise chorpenning chorpe charpe naj njj said to this a tu in accordance with this request and agreement as will be seen by the proofs proofa the contract provided for semimonthly sanu sann monthy service each way through in first a senn zin zia placearville twenty days salt lake to placerville Plac earville in four horse erville ila coaches at 34400 per annum through in sixteen days for 30 600 per annum aum additional through in fourteen days at 45 000 per annum additional lonai lonal and through in ditional ditional ditional twelve days for 60 000 per annum additional lonal lonai which ditional doubled for a weekly wedly service makes the 190 000 agreed servicemakes wedle upon for the work I aub soil Is siil 1 in accordance with the proposed agreement the contract started 400 to commence july out at 34 34400 1 1858 and run to june 30 2 1862 1810 route chosen was north of the great salt lake the same as 1Iina 1851 1 bepit schedule was beginning befit placerviue would leave placerville ath and 20th and Plac erville on the 5th for the nie hie the to leave salt lake city on the 5th ath and 20th of each piacerviue month and arrival Plac erville california arrivel fornia in twenty days Calf arrive inn placerville calu twenty days the the mail arrive in salt lake in expedited service the agreement proposed tthat the ath and 19th of each month mouth and arrive mail should leave salt lake on the 4th in placerville placervl vl ue in sixteen days Plac erville Placer placerville Plac erville 3 ape nm ng op rpe chorpenning 013 cho ola cit oia Z 3 ibid bid 31bid ibid the schedule O 0 pp ap pPO 58 appendix p appendix 61 2324 would be the same leaving 71 ang ce mr chorpe chorpenning in order to have a satisfactory serv hi nng went to charpe service eer service i new hampshire and stocked his company with the famous concord coaches 1 ng established a pony express which charpe chorpenning in the fall of 1858 chorpe buchanans hib hi route president buchanan carried over his second message to congress 1860 clairns claires his to be the first pony express rather than thau the one of i860 he claims 1861 commenting franciaco bulletin contained several articles comment the san francisco ing slow on the siow low service between salt lake place erville and placerville rville one of which Plac arville states it appears that chorpenning intends to run over the route at a snails snalla speed until the department will make him snail another allowance for shortening the time tibe when the four hundred mile section now being run with one jaded train perhap be properly stocked will perhaps atocked with the great central route made to compete with the circuitous route from san 3 yuma paso to memphis and el francisco through fort that fall chorpenning set out to find a route south of the one which would be a more direct route to california great salt lake howard egan from utah had found such a route three years earlier chorpenning tried this and found it successful in december the sacramento union stated that wa moving his stock and coachee coaches to a new road the contractor was 11bid ibxd ibid pe p 164 2ibide id p 0 pPIR 11 pie 4 4 appendix 29 san francisco buuati oct bulletin burati hafen op cit p 11 112 14 1858 1I men cited by wen hafen op Ccit i 9 2 72 As has haa been shown john M hockaday held a contract for the mails between salt lake and st joseph josephaa weekly service to be performed ia twenty one days twentyone the original contract paid 0 per annum but 190 000 ooo UOO 000 effective july 130000 it was reduced by the postmaster general to 130 1895 1859 russen may ma xt at company on bought majors bough kussen waddell the eil eli ell and kuseli kusell Rua kua kus at the Pprice riice of 1 0009 50 ooo 000 1 11 with ail ali all the equipment including wagon farming utensils corrals mules coaches wagons etc the sale was 2 oooo ooo 000 totaled at 144 0000 on the 30th of january 1859 two m mail ai 1 contracts were issued to ball bali local utah bidders J M bollwinkle and S M biair blair blaar az 1z 3 contract provided for service brorn frorn from frob salt lake to fillmore mr bollwinkles he advertised news thus hi service his ervice in the deseret newa A UNITED STATES MAIL COACH for the capital weekly line semiweekly semi between salt lake city and fillmore A oconee oconve OCon ve ya stages conveying y1ing the the united states mails acon we will leave salt lake city and fillmore post offices every monday and thursday at 7 A M and make the trip through in three days aneff ineff eff op pp ap cit t p 724 U S house ex documents 35th cong sese no 109 p 863 hafen 109 actually the russell and jones 2nd sess co bought the J M hockaday and company however shortly after4 an waddell company absorbed the russell and majors and wards russell jonea firm see also footnote 2 p 87s jones 87 op cit p 164 .44 qaarter zoettle Qa zsettle ap quarterly mist arter xviii orical quarter historical cit p 43 kansas Wist xiiii pp settle settie op cito 488 486 486488 3deseret san 30 1859 feb 2 1859 newa op news cit it t jan OR C seret newso de sevet r 73 speed travelling with safety and speedy those desirous of travelling mail to and from the southern part of the territory will vali uail do well to avail themselves of this opportunity provo to city fare from salt lake salt lake city to salt creek salt lake city to fillmore city fare to be paid or arranged for at the time 300 goo 66.00 00 600 33.00 00 00 1200 12 12.00 1200 tingS of star starting baggages or parcels taken by passengers baggager all baggages charged extra eitra john M bollwinkel 1 contractor the contract awarded to salt lake and alpine city 1959 to june 30 S bia ar M bla bli blaar biair bliar blair provided service between bouwinkepa A Boll As winkels his was from bollwinkels february 1 1862 up until the time of the awarding of these two contracts utah concerning concert ng territory had been without mail facilities for seven months concerm new says this the deseret news notwithstanding the shortness of the time allowed for notwithstaw ng to sonae some delay in the transmission ovn owing putting on service jovn of the contracts we are informed that prompt measures have been taken to commence service on each route at the required time having been without mail facilities in this Ws territory for the past seven months except on the route from st placerville citizens will joseph missouri to placerviue Plac erville cal our citizen be pleased with the mail accommodations accomodations extended ed ended to them in common with other citizens of the union postmaster general A V brown has proved himself more impartial than we had anticipated and we hasten to make the amende honorable and hereby award full credit to the postmaster 2 w general bibid libid abid ibid xbid dec 7 1859 orbid 2rbid id fob feb 2jo ajo 2 1859 I1 1I 74 brown died on march A V 8 1859 as postmaster general succeeded him aa 1I 930 and mr A M hat hit this event severely affected penning in his third and last contract as we shall later see chorpenning choi chol before concluding the year 1859 there are three essential topics to cover matters concerning greeleys greeley utahs internal mail service horace placerville placervwe reports on the mail from missouri to Placer vWe and Plac erville chorpennings mail service post offices were established in the foU following owing towns in southern fon utah territory pine valley iron county harmony washington county toque arville toquerville rville washington county arville huberville heberville rville he be berville V a1 ashington shington sh ington county nta nta ata clara washington county coty eliaha ellsha elisha H groves P john M mcfarlane P M pearce P harrison george pectol P .1 william crosby P As the year 1859 progresses we find that there ment in the utah mail service M M M 2 M is an improve0 more routes are being revived and by post offices we can see that more people the establishment of more poat sorne some for sonne sobe have access to better communication of the mail schedules edw edn sait mentionedw within utah during this period the following will be mentioned salt lake mention being the starting point limda liuda d 2rbad 21bid I1 april 13 1859 aug april 13 18590 1859 3 1859 75 gleaves mleaves mali maii cleave a every thursday at mailcleave the manti mail the the the the 6 A M M and 8 P 8p arrives at manti on saturday by ap returning leaves manti on mondays at 6 A M and arrives at salt lake city wednesday by 8 P M alpine mali leavea each thursday at 6 A M and mall maii mail leaves arrives at alpine city next day on returning leaves alpine city oxx oil fridays at 6 A M nesst nest nelst day in the evening neist and arrives at salt lake city next cleave leaves a every thursday at 6 A M mali leavas mall cedar valley mail mailcleave and arrives at cedar valley next day by 12 noon returning leaves cedar valley on friday at 2 P M and arrives at salt lake city next day by 6 P M mali leaves salt lake city and fillmore maii mail southern malito city every monday and thursday at 7 A M and evenings saturday arday evening arrives arrive each wednesday and Sat mali leave 0 each monday and thursday at maii northern mail 6 A M and arrives arrive at brigham city the next day o by 12 U noon igham city each tuesday and returning leaves brigham brbigham 2 M at at iday and P friday arrives salt lake city fr day 6 me next by P next nent the mail to the east fast and the west outside of the territory leaves leave a salt lake city and st joseph maii mail the eastern mali mailleaves every saturday at 8 A M and makes the sho trip each way or shoulkin shouldin uldin 22 days the california mail leaves salt lake city every monday place arville every saturday at 8 A M and and placerville rville Plac erville always makes make the trip within scheduled timey tinne 16 days mo horace greeley editor of the new york tribune made a trip with the mails during the summer of 1859 As he would make his stops bake hi he would write letters back to the paper in new york and describe the things which he observed from camp floyd southeast city he wrote mdd april 6 1859 of salt lake 76 url to salt lake has hitherto uri missouri ari the mail from misso six been carried weekly in good sim mule raule ix rauie buie wagons the contract bule twenty etwo two days the importance of frequent time being twentytwo and regular conununi communication cation catlon with headquarters at least so a a large army is retained here at a heavy extra cost long as and because of some presumed public necessity is evident yet the new Post postmaster postmastergeneral maste baste r general has cut down the mail service on this important central route from weekly to semimonthly but the contractors who are obliged to run their stages stage weekly because of their passenger pais senger business and bepals cause they have to keep their stock and pay their men whether they work or play find that they cannot carry the mail every other week so cheaply as they can every week for instance as mail from the states now often consists of moat most of them filled with twelve to sivdieen shateen heavy sacks acks boat siateen bost weighing bing as many hundred pounds franked documents weighing arn ahie team wo asie alm sim ulle would aix woald double thl thia thi 90 and no si uld mule maie male aid draw it at the ald xrn aixmule mailo requisite pace and no bali balio mailwagon mail wason stand the jerks and jolts ball wagon of an unmade road so they say please let us carry the mail weekly though you only pay us for carrying it semi poston monthly H butno post trictly forbidden thepostow thia is strictly buano but no this the postow master at salit salt sait lake has express written orders to refuse it and of course he at st joseph also alao aiso and thus au ail this central ali all dosien important naili region embracing at least a dossen dozen tary military posts and countless indian agencies enches is reduced to a semiencies monthly rnailaervice ervice though the contractor would gladly mailaervice maila malls malis make it weekly at the same price t mr greeley has mentioned one of the very serious problems in aez od all the contractors on the central eer vice which has affected the postal eez service affect overland route because the post office department would not let george chorpenning run the weekly gervice service he almost became bankrupt hib hla his travel mr greeley vividly described the mail route from missouri in hia to california he went over chorpennings new mail route south of the IIhorace greeley an overland journe journey from new york to san 1 york summer new C M saxton barker 1839 1859 of the in 7 francisco coe & coo 60 pp 256.2570 co 11860 256 257 ap 2562570 256257 0 PIN fin 0 1 I 77 great salt lake this route was chosen for a faster service not space here to go into the descriptions there is they may be read in his an overland journe journeyy ffrom rorn new york to san francisco iin the summer frob 1859 of x1 is chorpe before leaving the year 1859 a discussion of george chorpennings charpe activities as a mail contractor is in order had his contract renewed in 1858 at july 1Iist As has been said before he before his contract actually began the service was ordered to be on a weekly basis raising his ooo 000 per annum salary from 34400 semimonthly semi monthly basis to 130 130000 sli sll new schedule of the weekly sti sixteen deen day run continued until about 1859 at that time the service was the april of reduced to a semimonthly semi monthly service foU chorpe charpe ng concerning the matter fonowing is a letter written to chorpenning the following post office department 8th contract office esth sth liapril 1859 sir owing to the financial pressure upon this department resulting from the failure on the part of congress grea at Con greg its late session to pass the post office appropriation bills be cornes it becomes coines necessary in the opinion of the postmaster general to curtail service he orders ordera that the trips on placerville route 12 801 salt lake city to placerviue Plac erville be reduced to wraon araonthly semimonthly aly from the 1Iist st of july next senni lat be pleased to suggest a schedule for the reduced service respectfully your obedient servant 11 william dundas wimam 11 genl second agala assia assis P M geni benl bibid iibid ibid P pp 259 ap 258 258259 a 2chorpe chorpenning op cito cit P P p 31 78 this is angered th chorpenning tremendously he had spent out of his the ZOO 200y 000 for improvements on the route own business funds about 200 concord coaches which he had bought in 1858 when his service was put aUy go to waste on the curtailed service on a weekly basis would practic practically wa nearly bankrupt and he was A tirne before postmaster general brown died he had time short birne chorpenning maii mali1 run on a twelve day schedule chorpe atung agreed with charpe aftung to let the mail inal inai this 1900 190 000 per annum would have given him his igo 2 up hib uphis his he had set aphis aum of business to operate on such a schedule putting up a tremendous surn money when he got the letter from the department advising him to cut monthly monthly there could be no words to describe his semimonthly his services to semi anxiety and ety on occasion occasions during the latter part of 1859 there were frequent delays a in the malla delay mails balls balis at this time the these were mostly due to trouble from the indians south of the route was the short one through camp floyd south as to Plac erville an explanation aa lake and carson valley to placerville why there delays in the mail was received by the deseret news from one had been delay agents it reads you Si have doubtless ere this been informed dear siryou sir of the attachment which has been placed by certain parties upon upn the property of the western division of this line and by dpn virtue of which they took all the stock from that end of the road severely crippling the business of the route for a short time captain egan however with his usual energy and of chorpenning chorpennings rYou lipide libide id p 28 zrbido id p 30 79 promptitude so soon as he learned of it hastened to make hie his arrangements for the transportation of the mail the whole Plac erville which he now distance from salt lake city to placerville has completed and is prepared to carry the mails each way with the usual reg regularity this line rity and dispatch for which thia has been noted the mail is now carried on the new route which avoids the humbolt altogether and mr E has just taken upon out the first coach it going as far as the last station firx firt on this division of the route making over half the distance place erville rville within five days he has from salt lake city to placerville Plac arville placerviue sent an agent to placerville Plac erville who will call for the mail U not delivered in salt lake city as regularly and if it atia itia punctually as heretofore it will be owing its non nondeliverance deliverance chorpenning authorized agent or to the malicious to geo chorpennings and unlawful interference of certain parties at that end of the route the whole business connected with this attachment has been conducted very strangely and mysteriously and although I s not my province to indulge in personalities yet from it 1is all the information 1I can gather 1I cannot but come to the conclusion that the whole affair was hatched up by the enemies of the present contractor in order to get the contract out of handa 1I have been informed by responsible parties that his hands rIed to that end of the mean forwar oled there has been sufficient means bean forwarded liquidate road to riqu iiqudate the whole of the debts on the entire route had it been judiciously and correctly appropriated made A similar attempt was bade yeara ago when the mad bad some years am contract was only morith monthly ly and 1I arn ain informed by some of the sarne same carrying malls malis thia after carr banne parties concerned in this barne yling two mails chorpenning90 however the contract was restored to geo chorpe charpe dax darnagee together with some sixty thousand dollara domars douars damages 1I presume everything will go on smoothly after this and the mails will arrive and depart with their general regu- larity mr robert clift one of the sub genta gents on this route subagents Suba agents weeks week rnissing miesiag reissing has been rn issing for some three or four weaks fears are hirn him entertained that foul play has been used with regard to hinn we are instituting intituting sic a search for him though the prospect of finding hinn hirn him hib is extremely et remely slight siriusl siriua sirica lDes degeret ides ldeseret De geret deseret seret eret news op cit nov 23 1859 80 up letter followup in a follow thl thi aczcs 1 an explanation concerm concerning concert nj mr clift 1 mentioned in the november letter ing the mail to salt lake was slit from ear to ear emb agent carry subagent cliff was a amb robert clift and stopped fle lie ile he was one evening very hungry an ind-ian camp to ask for food at an indian allowed to sleep there u ide lie was he refused anything to eat but was during the night he was stabbed and his throat s this val vai story sho moshone she shone indians the plute and koshone was got from an investigation with voth guilt of the each charged the other with misdeed tu bi weekly mail inu february 1860 it was announced that the biweekly T weekly kly schedule service from st joseph to Calif california orria was changed to a weekat compensation fai pea pexople opie without a raiseia ople people raise kai it was an act of service to the pex to the contractors een a weekly service been since july of 1859 it had heen 14 2M Plac erville by way of salt lake city camp floyd carson city to placerville genoa and cazys garys mill was the best route thus far in the mail service carys 1 mainly because of the distance involved previously the route north of the great salt lake was preferred by travelers because of the plenitude of ana grass and water anict and there were only two short tracts of desert land to decal deal with deai aith 3 twelve days but now since it could be traversed in such a short time it was more practical to use the central route 11bido bid dec 21 1859 zebid zlbid bid feb 22 1860 bhoward 3howard pioneering the west howard egan edd pioneern&ahe howard R egan estate 1917 p 195 richmond utah 81 P byy air nay my the mail service bie torr was zorn zorr e ahat vhat unrelic ble somewhat unreliable there wae was wab an s may news ao af as 2nd and nlay 0 it stated deseret sapre of dis disgust stpre in the Jis gust eexpressed that because the government was not catering to the needs of the people being strict wl not being with ith the contractors the service was rapidly getting poorer it was at this time may 11 1860 that chorpenxiings chorpenrdngs contract szu was annulled by the postmaster strnaster general strnaster the contract pany z mail bali ball mal baiU bal was awarjed awarded to the this company J C 0 C P 77xpress xpresb com now had a monopoly on tlthe le entire central overland 3w thus we find finJ that 1860 turns into as the year 1840 1861 ulle ulie lle lie 0thig this setupp setu- edth the mails from missouri to ca c3 california which of course proexists vdth 41ifornia vided service to utah contract for the russell majors t diba died dira iance distance Nad dellS and wad waddelle waddellc naddells Waddel lc company has the of the whole central overland route from the missouri river to california lchorpenning chorpenning op cit w 34 pp ap 33 3334 athe zthe corn pany dany was the abbreviated form the official name of the company aaion abbreviation given above the full name of the company before the abbrev ation atlon was was adopted waa vaa vas the central overland california and pikes peak express 11 company usually the short official title vn lal1 be used throughout this will p 76 and frederick op thesis see hungerford op orm ORS cit 02 cit p 57 0 3settle etue op 22 cit ps p 240 24 82 tS chorpenningts choppennings CHORPENNING PENNINGS CHOP H I RD ROUTE ROVFE THIRD T wwo awo wood lood chorpennings F I RST ROUTE 1 1 kad kfd 1 1 solt soit la sait 19-1 nnw new car caf m f6ysan 0 mort morf mail statons Stafons stafons stafoni e nephi flatmo flitmo beaver fbrawan lsaeles chorpenning 95 caj cal f6ss fass SECONP ROUTE son so ruwjc ig F fig 7 chorpennings MAIL mall ROUTES CHAPTER VI THE PONY EXPRESS AND TELEGRAPH the pony express has the history of the west come to be one of the great romances in ogof rang 4 features oaof the strange adnw of adaw regarding this so very prominent in history it lasted romance is that even though it iissso aso only about a year and a half the thrilling stories will long remain in the minds of americans of the express riders though there is much romance and adventure attached to this episode in the history of the mail service the riders went through experiences which were threatening to their lives we read from charles mabeys book the pony express two thirds of the route was infested by roving bands of indians who repeatedly attacked and destroyed the posts and murdered the keepers these because they had to remain on the spot assigned to them were in far greater pern peru peril than the messengers themselves bad as were conditions over most of wyoming and the country immediately east the dangers in nevada and western utah were still more hazardous at one time between seven and eight pahutes thousand pahules Pah Utes under chief winnemucca were on the war path these made life on the trail a continuous hell added to this the route lay over a region of sage brush 1 Ileprous with alkali or ruper ju and juniper shade deserts scale luper inper dotted with shifting sand dunes home of the lizard the rattlesnake and the little brown rat it will thus be seen that the real trials of the expressman began after he left 1 salt lake city ess charles R mabey the pony express ebs igo beverly craftsmen 1940 190 p 11 83 salt lake city the 1 1 40 844 it was in 1860 that the superior ponies began their historic runs from st joseph missouri to sacramento california bies eles about 1966 miles biles blies oole a distance of 1860 in the missouri republican issue of march 20 18600 hi X is found this article to san francisco in eight days by the central overland j california fornia and pikes peak express co cali cail call E ress vess will leave the the first courier of the pony express rn and missouri river on tuesday april 3 at 5 oclock ppm will run regularly weekly thereafter car carrying ryl ng a letter mail only the point of departure on the missouri river will be in telegraphic connection with the east and will be announced in due time telegraphic messages from all parts of the united states a and canada in connection with the point of departure state will be received up to 5 oclock olock pm of the day leaving and transmitted over the placerville Plac erville and st joseph teleaco grand sco and intermediate points by the graph wire to san grancisco cisco francisco Gran connecting express in eight days the letter mail will be delivered in san francisco in ten days from the departure of the express the express passes through forts kearney laramie and bridger great salt lake city camp floyd carson CI ty the city Plac erville and sacramento washoe silver mines placerville oregon on washington territory british letters from oreg br tish can ports russian possessions columbia the pacific Med mexican sandwich islands china japan and india will be mailed in san francisco special messengers bearers of letters to connect with the express of the 3rd of april will receive communications for the courier of that day at no 481 tenth street 45 p washington city up to Z245 m on friday march 30 and pm in new york at the office of J B simpson room no 8 m continental bank building nassau street up to 6 30 aam 4 31 L of march 31 full particulars can be obtained on application at the above place and agents of the company W H russell president 385 5 reint rethe deseret news had an interesting and informative article neift ng through salt lake express1 comi garding the pony express coming in addition to cobl lakein 1 comments of other features of the first run the pony express the first pony express from the west left sacramento C ad dinst ity cal at 12 p rn on the night of the 3d gity city inst and m of the 7th ath inside of proarrived in this city at 1145 ppm spectus time the roads were heavy and the weather stormy the last 75 miles was made in 5 hours 15 minutes inn a heavy rain the express from the east left st joseph missouri 30 p m on the evening of the 3d thl city thi ad and arrived in this 630 pm at 625 pm on the evening of the 9th at 6625 ath the difference in time between st joseph and this city is something near 1I hr 0 commumication and 15 minutes bringing us within 6 days communication with the frontier and 7 days from washington washingtonaa result which we utopians Uton ians accustomed to receive news three months after utonians date can well appreciate much credit iiss due the enterprising and persevering originators of this enterprise and although a telegraph is very desirable we feel well satisfied with this achievement for the present the weather has been disagreeable and stormy for the past week and in every way calculated to retard the operations of the company and we are informed the express eastward from this place was five hours in going to snyders mill a five miles twentyfive distance of twenty distanceof we are indebted to mr W H russell russeli for a copy of gazette daily daliy printed expressly the st joseph dally for utah daiz dall dali orm a with dates from washington and new york and C california ad and from st joseph to 6 p m of to the evening of the 2d ad instant the 3d little behind the probability is the express will be a littie time in reaching sacramento this trip but when the weather becomes settled and the roads good we have no doubt they will be able to make the trip in less than 10 days 1deseret deseret news op 22 cit april 11 18601-9 86 E ast consisted the first mail from the east of eighty five pieces of eightyfive mail included in this run was a special message of congratulations from president buchanan telegraphed from washington to st joseph 1 1 seventy plezes five pieces piece of mail from the west carried seventyfive rriders iders the thi along thl this course there were only four military posts the combined exceed 14 pounds weight of the bridle saddle and bags did not seldom did the mail exceed about never to exceed 20 pounds the average weight pounds never weighing more than 135 pounds tection two revolvers and a sheath knife 15 pounds and was of the riders was 125 they carried for pro- the horses were 14 about 1114 hands high and weighed around 900 pounds the station keepers had the duties of watching for fw incoming 1 the horses saddled and ready to go one half hour be viders riders iders and having ri fore schedule time in the day time the keeper would be warned of the approach by clouds of dust at night a series of whoops proved sufficient the ponies really horses were far superior to indian ponies and could out distance them comparatively easily for selfoopreservationo seif preservation the self riders had to continuously ride fast the indians of course had little or no interest in the mail for they wanted the good horses the patrons of the pony express were mainly the government business men businessmen ben newspaper companies etc 2 ikata ikate pony poby express ard 3rd printing salt lake kate carter riders of the poey city daughters of the utah pioneers 2ibido sibido md 8899 pp ap 82090 1952 p 8 877 no ana majors the company Russel russelliii Maj orsi and waddell bought liw best horses that it could find and employed over 200 men lightest ones for riders 1I these men on 500 of the 80 of the th half breed GAff ornia california cafh their halfbreed caff horses were allowed only two minutes at each station for changing malis and horses malls mails 2 A mo mochilla chilla was cochilla sad ile a leather covering which went over the sadile lle lie upon arriving at stations ithe the rider grabbed off the pocket mo M the pockets mochilla chilla 1Iin dockets a of which was the locked mail cochilla and threw it over the saddle of the fresh horse waiting for him the mo bom mochilla chilla fitted over the horn mochiua kochilla hoa and cantle of boa chilla and a five mochilla the saddle and he sat on it the mo cochilla cy cylinder Under colt revolver with 3312 12 or 4inch binch barrel or cap and ball design were the only extra weight he carried Standish guris says the boys usually J mo standish isb critic lic of old guns critic had an extra cylinder or two in their pockets with a coatcapa and bullets to ing of paraffin on the percussion caps prevent water wetting in case of a river ducking or waterwetting alde arms were on the rider and never aide rain storm all side chilla as some artists mochilla attached to the mo cochilla artist have pictured hot from under the rider by indians thern them if a horse was shot or other wise he lost his horse side arms fastened to 3 the mo chilla would do him no good mochilla cochilla o P 1Iv 0 w mochilla chilla had four cantinas or pockets cochilla the mo poats or salt locked and only opened at military posts writer1 writers writerIs program utah workers of the writers program for the state of utah new york 1 three of them were lake city the fourth a guide to the state compiled by of the work projects administration Ha tinge house 1941 p 128 hastings year yaar aalexander 2alexander Se venty aarsa on the frontierr Den denver alexandev majors seventy verl the veri alexander ventz ears western miner and financier 1893 p 175 k fare express pony pory 3herb cherb S ss placerville Cali ed Harn Plac erville california calciform PORX lin cail form a call hamlin caliform the hablin herbs XI no 1 june 1944 p 10 0 88 sa s1 ap a ali andfaf1 de conta and slip contained recording time ned way ma mail 1p re cording the arrivals all ball bali V11 partures of each rider pastures partures for this fourth cantcantina ina there was a ky at every station chilla mochilla mochina china here is an in demonstration of the practicability of the mo bochina interesting experience of the salt lake city editor that the pony express would fall behind schedule on its first trip seemed seemel I to be justified by the weather conditions that pre vvalled basin alned in california and across the great salt lake bas east bound to salt lake city and beyond but after the eastbound the prophecy mall ha maii mali mail haifi crossed south pass conditions became better hal Wy orning the riders ma across wyoming de better than schedule made bade time in compensation for the precious minutes lost in weva weve the heavy weather between salt lake city and fort bridger Brid gere down the sweetwater toward the valley of the platte the riders raced with time still stin to be made up when fort jmie julesberg Ju Lara amie was reached at julesburg amle lesburg thereT was a narrow laramie batte latte platte escape from disaster the waters of the piatte ugh iatte were high XU g which winch had trapped many a kcalifornia at the cross crossing albior aliior a bound known spurred emigrant the rider whose name 1is I s not rzowu aza mal animal his horse into the stream the ara its anibal bai bal was swept off Us feet and horse and rider drifted downstream into some mo mochida quicksands seizing the mochilat moch liao chila mochila quicksand boch ilat with the mail the rider swam and crawled to safety leaving his horse to be adhered had gathered onlooker a who athered to speed the whohad rescued by the onlookers mali maii mail mai mal 1 the rider commandeered a mount and rode to the was passed on to the relay station machila waa stationg where the mochila ne next d courier X 5 for sending a letter by pony express it cost at first ip each half ounce later the government reduced it to 1 5 00 for each letter 00 onny of weight and space econorny was on tissue paper and pencilrolled pencil rolled for economy hungerford 0op cit 0 80 p 800 ex preas p ress chicago Ecpress arthur chapman the pony ecpreas A 133 19320 p 1330 1932o acarter 3carter carter 3 op cit p 9 majors op cit p 175 L burt co 3 89 levi edgar young said in his boole book founding off utah that some letters sent from st joseph to have been known to cost 27 50 io san francisco 50sent riders were paid on the average of 100 to 150 a month and their assistants received from 50 to 100 a month station men 1 ent to st joseph mail from the east for the pony express was sent z gocompany by the ha nm bal ual and st joseph railroad inmany bai hannibal hanm inpany later the burlington railroad this rail service has a most interesting story attached g beginning bagi at the begi AA of the pony to it express era the government had made no contract with any railroad to transport the mail to st joseph the mail had always gone up the missouri river until 1860 when it was time for 1xprasa to begin the management oi of the new hannibal and st the pony uxpres joseph railroad had to prove their ability to handle this mail mali bali the aovvn around the area coming event of the feat of the railroad was well 1kaown veoi its beginning with great anticipation and people observed observec observec were ordered off the lines ilna to make way lor line for the special one a wood woodburner burner was named the massouri missouri all trains the engine its didescription is ethere fthere was there anu anc an heau light bell and gri grivers and the scroll work about the headlight all steel scrollwork ari arl ariversi verSi brags brass resainble a looking glass bras parts were polished till they resembled 1 A quoted from the new york sun A daring engineer was selected elected to make the run libido id ZHam zhamlin chamlin 012 hamlin lin op hablin oii cit oli 0 pe U p UO 90 was necessary to run the train fast and to st joseph from hannibal bai it waa hanm bal without accident such as blowing up thousands of people were waiting for the trai trainn and as it came in loud cheers rang out 1I from then on there were two principle sources of mail to st joseph to go over the pony express the telegraph ana and the hannibal and st joseph railroad company poncy jUe ae te ha a definite due aefinite hi emxander majors ba alemander alexander alaxander denini defini finite policy of conduct for his yees plo ployees he forbade his drivers and other employees to gamble drink Sundays or to travel on sundays daya ile lle lie desired that they should puruse he buruse the bible ta t4 S and he distributed copies of it gral gratis grah his hi efforts seemed to have been salsi in his city off the saints somewhat h in1 vain however for mr burton sailas bobar hobar iti iii scarcely saw a zober driven ober Udriver that ill ws extremely heavy many clver civer river profanity was 1 xou owned up to xau naer rau rauraer raer xnurder tho the code of obligation to which each employee was required to WBG swear was do hereby solemnly swear before the great and living god that during my engagement and while rox 1I am in the employ of russell Pox ssell majors and wzzddi ail all eil that 1I wadell will under no circumstances use profane language that 1I will drink arink no intoxicating liquors of any kind that 1I will not thle thia the firm and that quarrel or fight with any other employee of thie in every respect reaped 1I will conduct myself honestly be faithful duta to my dut3 tomy dutlees and so direct all my acts as will win the condutie hip me god so help heip fluence and esteem of my employers ao 1I 1 an op cit chapan chapmaut chaprn Chap maUt baus bans 2 R Y F j 3rljjyo lya iya 104 pp ap 102 102.404 102404 102104 saintsy city of the saintey burton cly saints london longman roberts 3 0 1861 op cit 0 0 PA S b 1atobio raphy autobiography ic44 7 1 11t p 434 41 longman greene 91 this buffalo BIDU bill said of the oath majors major mr was as the creation of mre oath vas &as & who was a very pious and rigid disciplinarian he tried hard to enforce it but how great was his failure it is needless to say it would leml ia read the riot act to a gentleman have been equally profitable had the old gent gentleml herd of stampeded buffaloes tii lil lii n now seif self it himself and he believes selfnow sellnow andhebeli evesithln one of the most noted and daring daving dazing of the pony express riders was 4 william F sy cody cori coll coli was east of salt who later becaj ne known as buffalo bill became becai tweten red buttes between lake city be distance of 116 miles and 11 his route three crossingsa crossingsa his trail it was long dangerous and lonely mide nide generally crossed the north platte river where it was one half mile wide x shallow but in some places twelve feet deep accorciing according to his schedule he had to travel at the rate of fifteen miles per hourincluding hour including meals detours for safety and changes of horses he was forced through un- fortunate circumstances to make a single ride of 384 miles on one occasion 2 esqpress journeys ever made one of the longest and best ridden etress between of nevada the fort bridger lake and through all utah and part riders were nearly all mormon boys owen king started from canyon and salt fort bridger one of them thomas and en&ied enaed his route at echo enaid on his first trip his horse stumbled throwing rider and mo ground mochi mochilla chilla to the gro cochilla mochilla chilla cochilla rho rhe mo the went over a cliff before he could bibid libid lib 2zmajors ter teb 177 too pp ap 176 majors 0op CI 176177 cit 92 reach it he finally recovered it and made his trip in schedule time many times the riders would go to sleep iinn the saddle i of this tom king said many a time 1I went to sleep in the saddle and the pony would keep up his pace other riders would sleepy sleep also 1I remember remember once 1I came into bear river after a night ride of eighty miles from salt lake and reported to the station keeper that X1I had not passed heavy henvy henry heary worley who was riding in the opposite direction worley had reported the same thing about me at the other station we had both been so sound asleep in our saddles that we did not know when we passed each other the ponies when they learned what was expected of them would keep up the pace ffrom rom one end of a run to the other I1 I1 wiuiarn F fisher known as billy on the pony express was william another of the riders in the utah territory he was married to Iilouse by president brigham young in the old endowment rouse house in salt louse january 1861 t bad not yet been built the temple had 2 linny inny lake in here is a letter which he wrote to his girl about 6 months before they were marn married marh barn ed ruby valley june 17 igo 160 60 my dear plinny jlinny ljnny it is with unspeakable pleasure that 1I sit down for a few minutes to pen a few lines to one 1I love best on earth 1I received your kind and welcome letter dated june 4th60 and was very glad to hear that 1I left you well as this leaves 11 find you in m w1 mee quite will quite well at the present and 1I hope it wa good health and spirits dear unay linny you speak of being very lonesome and sad while 1I am out here as you say so but believe dear exposed to so many dangers which is ao girl 1I will try and take care of myself if it is only for your 1I chapman op cit 012 it olb c 4 2hamlin shamlin amain amiin oli ablin 22 cit 0 35 p 2235 no 5 oct p 1944 pe 3 2 mug 194 nka WO ISM 9 gi M 7 z W 2 77 7 7 93 wa1 1 WA iz M W MORMON RIDER RIDER I1 BILLY FISHER ILLIAN eilly SHER t lllian F BILL KV willian 0 april pril the pony express from april giden ul Y 1860 from ruby volley t thuly vailey voil vail voll ey tjuly neevoda a a east to egan canyon ine ne lne evada transferredvito va ai he then was transferred lvada transferredt5 Vito west1to h e iu the runn from salt lake cit city westo t st a tio n in rush babs rushi valley utah fduststotion fabs uto uta e fttSann hod a t hhad athe mat th irs t moil that sthe first 0 d lef mai francisco on the afternoon of aplin aplil api adi il arrived at 86 ardy of ruby yaley 3rdy 860 votie valle r morn ustation tion nevada early on the m istation aishe gjbf the 6th ath when billy Ifiske ishe e d aas bounded ln cef eas cei ed it and bound fin east eastfan easi gln eastfin rin received goshute A 860 during the goshutein koshute in d 011860 year old 8111 bill jon dlan dian 20yearold billyi ion ian uprising 20 billhi yi valley valleyito valleyite 3 uto ro e 300 00 miles from ruby to jrode ito brode s61t lake constituting one of tth polt roit roii &6g ag eest astor st rides tides made in the hhistoryjof istor Jlong jlongest esl express ress e r monan 75 00 ppen per the pony exp 7500 montn m6i4 dangerousl wos was his salary for this dangerously gwas dangerous awas work his brother john fisher cil aiso also twork gar prode r6de rade on the pony express as well gas tos frode as his rost rast egan is two brothers in law rast egon jr all fourtofj foun fourlow four lof howand howard and howan fourlof howard egan ithem ithemwere the m were known as THE HARD MORMONSA RIDING MORMONS surely sur6lyyold and surelyold old ola surel yola yoia griding briding 116n should be proud of their records pizion jizion te ponyy express days yire beafter teafter were f fe r the pon After aften nire one ond freight line ohe billy worked on a freightline freight1ine idone corson cit arid carson cif be iw een salt lake and between calson caison greele ea pen A per for horace breele supper hd cooked sup jihecooked sunnen sunner itbr new itar w Ken the ne w york tribune editor rwhenthe iea wastonlhis trek hib nek kis western west erntrek oso ri kib aso i i of 0f 1 1 i v 6 S a 1 K tn wt g 8 fi BILLV FISHER bille m 94 sake so cheer up linny 1I expect to be with you before many months but how long 1I shall stay it VAU will all be owing to circumstances 1I do not know but if you will love me then 1I can tell better 1I expect you think 1I am talking nonsense ann am 1I received a letter from rast raat lin well perhaps 1I arn egan last night and he told me you were well when you w ra w1 will write ul send r1 te to me lin give your letters to ras and he wa them to me by express howard is at rush valley now 1I got a letter from hi hib his last night and he said the letter 1I wrote to you by the last mail enclosed in his he did not get so 1I do not know where it went to 1I am very sorry you did get it the indians are raising the devil out here but 1I not got think they will soon stop as the troops have come out to our assistance well linny 1I think 1I have written enough for the present as X1I am very bi tired and sleepy for 1I came in here at sunrise this morning after riding with the express can think of any news of importance to tell all night 1I cant you so goodbye for the present remain ever your devoted william 1I to miss G S L M van etten C ity U T city P S dear linny will you ever send me out your likeness in miniature 1I think if you knew how much 1I wanted it you 1 would send it to me I A this touching letter demonstrates several things of importance evidently riders must have helped each other in certain matters such as the one in this case ras carried a private letter for billy fisher 11 probably many times we have the idea that these riders were rough men dependable and without heart but we can see a certain warm feeling in this letterommothe letter the love of a young fellow twenty one years old for his girl ietter desiring to be home 1 ibid bid 95 sorne another rider tells us of some borne bome bobe hardships encountered during his affiliation with the express he relates an experience which he says that he would never want to repeat again he was one of the first because we find that he aided in setting up stations for the route jay G kelley says yes 1I was a pony express rider in 1860 and went out with bol roberts one of the best men that ever lived and 1I tell you it was no picnic no amount arnount arnoult of money could tempt me to repeat my experience of those days to begin with we had to build willow roads corduroy fashion across many places along the carson river carrying willows two and three hundred yards in our arms bundles of willow while the mosquitoes were so thick it was difficult to discern whether a man was white or black so 00 thickly were they piled on his neck face and hands arriving at the sink of the carson river we began the erection of a fort to protect us from the indians As there were no rocks or logs in that vicinity the fort was built of adobes acobes made from the mud on the shores of the lake to mix this mud and get it the proper consistency to mold into adobes dried brick we tramped all day in it in our bare feet this we did for a week or more and the mud being strongly impregnated with alkali carbonate of soda you can imagine the condition of our feet they canimagine were much swollen and resembled hams before that Is fit 99s time 1I wore no 6 boots but ever since then no as me ssnugly 1 kelley then weighed around one hundred pounds thirty years later he weighed 230 pounds another rider robert H pony bob haslam as stated by ears on the frontier tells of a very alexander majors in his seventy years interesting observation prominent among the express riders i majors 0op cit 1 0 188189 189 pp ap 188 he said 96 he would ride along he would watch his horses that as lie horsed ears they were signals for danger in an indian country one of the very prominent riders of the famed pony express from the territory of utah was major howard egan however he was an officer of the pony express line west of salt lake and probably not one of the regular R riders llis his bis his first ride as recorded by ilis lis son howard 1 is told thus when all was supposed to be ready and the tinne time figured out when the first express should arrive in salt lake city from the east they thought that on account of the level country to run over that they would be able to make better time on the eastern division than the western from salt lake to california therefore the two riders that were to run between salt lake and rush valley were kept at the city father alone of all the officers of the line thought his boys would make as good a record as the best and if they did there would be no rider at rush valley to carry the express on to the city so to be on the safe side father went himself to rush valley and sure enough his boys delivered the goods as he expected and he started on his first ride it was a stormy afternoon but all went well till on the home stretch the pony on this run was a very swift fiery and fractious animal the night was so dark that it was impossible ible to see the road and there was a strong wind possiibie blowing from the north carrying a sleet that cut the face while tr trying yiing to look ahead but as long as he could hear the ponys feet pounding the road he sent him ahead at full speed all went well but when he got to mill creek that was covered by a plank bridge he heard the ponys pony feet strike the bridge and the next instant pony and rider landed in the creek which wet father above the knees but the next instant with one spring the little brute was out and pounding the road again and very soon put the 11 l1bid libed libid p 179 97 surprise on the knowing ones ani here let me say it was 1 a very long time before the regular rriders up to the carne caine iders came 1I maide made time baide bade on this first trip if they ever did 40 major egan was not only connected with the pony express but he was also an associate mith nath george chorpenning sath vith of the it was he who was one penninga mail chorpennings Chor choc pennings trail blazers51 blazers over the central route for chorpenninga 11trall 51 1850s lake and sacramento in the middle 18501s coach line between salt he non when chorpenning left worked for ben holladay on the western &vis division avis gon 2 the service in 1860 superintendent ln fact he was super in intendent intendant in tendent on the overland mail line until may 10 1869 the trans continental railroad transcontinental the day that the last spike was driven on 3 was apparently egan mras ulas a very faithful and dependable employee to all of the mail contractors through the years he was devoted to the latterday latter day saints church one of his sons richard erastus egan another pony express rider filled a mission in england and was president of the birmingham conference there later 4 on one ride his horse stepped stopped he became a bishop in bountiful utah in a hole and fell breaking its neck trotted five miles to camp floyd 1 egan gan ope .2 22 cit I1 bibid zibid ibid p 213 hbide abide id 201 p 2011 4aind 4ind 1bid tp a 200 pp ap 198 198200 2 15 14 215 314 214 314215 214215 5chapman schapman chapman loc cit olio 5 mochilla chilla and cochilla he stripped off the mo 98 int pony ift the streeper ers survived other utah said is all it william Streep streeperf erf express viders riders passing away in october his daughter erma erba still lives there 1930 at centerville Cent erville utah 1I from salt lake city to the present western border of utah there were seventeen express stationso station so they were miles station miles station ity salt lake city clety Tra velera rest veiera travelers rockwells rockwells dug out joe Is dugout fort crittenden pass east rush valley rush valley 5 mile F faust point lookout 8 10 12 river bed 0 9 11 9 1I 10 10 10 11 11 10 10 15 12 15 dug way black rock fish springs boyd1 boyda boyd s willow springs canyon stat lon ion station deep creek simpsons simpson springs these stations followed the egan trail or the overland mail line as finally selected the stations east of salt lake were fewer in number if we sider only those in utah territory laramie in going from salt lake to we find these salt lake city mountain dell Bauch mannss bauchmanns bauchmann dixie di e creek weber station castle rock fort bridger pass pabS south pas rocky moun ins mountains laramid laramie fort laramide larabie I1 mouth of echo canyon emergency ile lie ville lle station brimville brimvi brisville Brim acarter canter icarter carter 1 2 ib ibid la 0 i carter 3 op cit 212 p 27 cito p 37 egan ope op cit0 cit op OR cit a po p 37 0 ppe 197 con- fort 99 in march of 1861 took over in may purchased the pony express wells fargo and company russell majors and Wad delPs firm the waddells pike peak express company was central overland california and pikes busy with the regular stage coach mails the pony express was not 11 in fact the business was losing money for ppaying aying we weil weli well its owners rhe the losses on this enterprise for the sixteen months operation are recorded as 1 expenditures receipts deficit outgo ooo 000 700 700000 1001000 equipment 100000 ooo 000 maintenance 480 480000 ooo 000 per month mouth 30000 bouth 30 ooo plute war 75 000 750000 sunary lunary items 45 000 500000 2000000 200000 p on october 24 1861 the wires of the east and west telegraphs were connected at salt lake city 7 this officially put an ena end to the pony express however it did continue for a short ti time after ter this date tibe ime ibe af of the utah riders of the P express we read it is hard to tell where the utah riders were that solemn day that a single strand of wire was connected in salt lake city it is safe to say they were not in cele b bration holed holewin in at the stations ration they were probably ho holedin ledin foad hug around petting their horses giving them a last fond quarter or currying down their manes before the frout cout cont quarters front wam dering off in search of the solitude in new jobs wandering amongst them were bluy hi brother john fisher billy fisher and hig his zgan and hib sgan rosa howard egan bis brother ross his to ln king and robs egan tom maale henry worley nick wilson and joe wintle monty maze 3 ana and G G sangiovani anu and george leonard and mike whelan aneff lneff neff op OF cit p 728 chapman op 012 cite cit chafen zhafen hafen and kister rieter op cit rister 2 3harnlin cit hamlin op 012 ole sit oie P 8 464 pp ap 268 288 writers program op cit clt alt 0 p 128 PO tn 0 p cv 1I I1 SXCRAMFN j SACRAMEN doseph ST JOSEPH STJOSEPH M issoval 0 0 ig F fig 9 PONY EXPRESS ROUTIL ROUTIL 101 the first message harn young Brighann brigham which went over the telegraph was from dated october it was daled 18 1861 the eastern lines reaching salt lake city before the other accounted for its being sent utah has not seceded 1j aj n but is fi rm for the constitution and laws of our once happy country firm ade made before the final connection was m bade tt read it 7 40 for a 7.40 740 during the first few months of the telegraph it cost 740 now york ten word message to new tenword 2 of brigham young and the telegraph we read modern moses of the 19th century who led his eavou nauvoo illinois nols to winter nois followers follower out of navou 18455 leaving quarters nebraska P3 mile mlle no of omaha 1841in the spring of 1847 for the promised land a new land of canaan cauaan known as zion where they arrived on july 24th z4th zath of that year this man whom no one can deny as a great Whit ingham vermont june ist whitingham lat 1801 leader was born at whittingham and died suddenly on august 29 1877 in salt lake city in 1861 he was present at 63 so main street when telewas made across the continent graphic comm communication catlon cation waa l8th lath brigham young z4th zath six days before on the 16 october 24th sent the first message from salt lake city to jeptha wade hirs his church members at cleveland ohio pledging loyalty of hig to the union the energetic leader furnished mormon help under contract to cut telegraph poles and also arranged to connect his deseret telegraph co lines yet to be built va with th the main line no state in the west progressed faster 3 with the telegraph than did utah under brigham young 1865 there in 1863 thera there was a special meeting held in salt lake it was on april loth that the decision was made to erect a telegraph line through ayoung iyoung young op cit 0 p 406 PO baij bij dla dia 2 3hamlia 4 9 4 p e p cites cit hamlia op 22 102 the southern settlements of utah ra chadds Decern r3 december richards ber chards territory 1 A letter from samuel 1865 to a friend in england 3 W states public enterprise in utah is active there is now being surveyed and the poles pola pois and materials being delivered pols upon oon uudon don the line for a telegraph line through the entire route of settlements in this territory from north to south a are obvious vantages advantages distance of about 500 miles its at i and only in keeping with the general progress of the day in 2 this country iow lor was of people by supplied and the coat cost utah territmaterial terr the biow ory naturally utah men were sought after for the operation of this vab advertised for men from each communa community wae vas new enterprise and there was communl ty to come to salt lake city for the purpose of going to a telegraph school young sement advent advertisement edgar records the advert levi esta b1iehed along telegraph lahere tela graph station established tele abere there is a Teia ahere the line there will be one or two operators needed and every set wishes to have a station should select settlement Clement that wishe one or two of its most moat suitable young men and send them to sufficient suflicient means to go to school to this city this winter with swgicient 3 learn the art of telegraphy in january 1867 the line was opened to st george same year it was extended into idaho on january men emendation dation by the mendation 1869 113 3 4 there was a report concerning a recom becom postmaster general he suggested that the postal and ihla ibia ibij bid abu ibn 11bido jbu 4jbl ejbl lula luia ibiddo a p 407 writers1 writers program loc cit 1I during the 103 the telegraph systems anide unite anite the rates of telegraph messages could be reduced so that it would be profitable and available for common use and it could become an excellent source of revenue for the uniteil unite i states government deseret news op 0OR 1 cit jan 13 1869 vn CHAPTER VII vil A SINGLE ROUTE THROUGH UTAH this year 1861 was one of momentous note congress passed a bill to appropriate 1 for it was then that ooo 000 000 for a mail service to run from somewhere on the missouri river to some point in california on a single route this was to be a sixsay sixday per week affair which pleased those people in the west for with this gigantic expression of the governments interest in the mail service came dreams of a reliable regular and frequent means of correspondence for them this was planned for well in advance congress second session actl 1861 an acal act was in the thirty sixth blah biah agreed upon allowing the post office department to advertise for this new central route contract to begin july 1 1861 the statute of march 1861 says sec 9 and be it further enacted that in lieu lleu of heu the daily service on the central route provided by the act entitled ann act for the establishment estabusbmont of post route15 route approved february 27 1861 the postmaster general is hereby directed to discontinue the mail service on route number 12578 from st louis and memphis to san californiaa and to modify the contract on said francisco cajiforzu route subject to the same terms and conditions only as hereinafter provided said discontinuance to take effect on or before july 1I 1861 the contractors on said route required shall be reqtu red to transport the entire letter mail six times a week on the central route said letter mail to be U S 1699 statutes at L MI p 16 large XII 104 105 carried through in twenty days time eight months in the year and in twenty three days the remaining four months of the year from some point on the missouri river conwith th the east to placerville nected vn CaU Plac erville can fornia and also california to deliver the entire mails tri weekly to denver triweekly deaver city and great salt lake city said contractors shall be required au to carry the residue of ail all the mail matter in a period not ali exceeding thirty sending the five days with the privilege of ending thirtyfive monthly from new york to san francisco in semimonthly bemi serol semi latter semmi twenty five days by sea and the public documents in twentyfive thirty five days they shall also be required during the thirtyfive continuance of their contract or until the completion of the overland telegraph to run a pony express semi weekly semiweekly at a schedule time of ten days eight montus daya months and twelve days months carrying for the government free of charge four month five live pounds of mail matter with the liberty of charging the public for transportation of letters by said express not exceeding one dollar per half ounce for the above service aum said contractors shall receive the sum aub sub of one million cauna iauna the contract for such service to be dollars per aannum thus modified before the 25th day of march next and ex- pire july 1I 1864 1 the act called for the termination of butterfields southern mail actuary actually he had begun to move much of his route by july 1 1861 actuauy zx the fall of 1860 ax merrt merde up onto the central route 1Iin equipmeree equipment loos 100 loo 000 aid in this chorpennings over chorpenning he was given transfer and was ordered by the government to take stations 2 according to the act john butterfield was supposed to take over end the whole route between the eextreme dreme ends the central overland pikes peak express company waa was not left out however california and pike U carried the mail on the route east of salt lake it sti still 1I ibid bid 0 XU pp ap 2rbm bibid 2ibid 0 xn an 20 2066 205206 520 ZO 2055 pp 207 ap 206 206207 3frederick cfrederick cite cita frederick op 02 cl ts p 62 3 thus thu9 the ID klo xio zio va v0 to av 4v 107 contract was in the hands of the overland mail company william dinsmore had replaced john butterfield as president 1I B with sub contracts to russell majors and waddell company and the pioneer & C C owner operator P P and 0 mclane the louis line express company would handle the mails between st joseph and salt lake city the overland mail company from salt lake city to carson line from carson and the pioneer to folsom city california As time passed the company belonging to waddell began to get into debt 29 russell majors the year passed however and with the contract remaining as it was in the spring of 1862 the company was more surely getting into ben holladay had advanced it a great deal of money trouble conse- quently the company became so officials 80 involved that its off icials ddecided to sell it was placed up for sale on march 21 1010 000 holladay stepped in and bought it for loo 1862 the at which time C 0 express company at that time owed mr holladay about As of C & P P 000 208 ooo 30 late the mail service had been unstable it was in thi thl thiss de- generate state when holladay took over his new company in fact there were publishers in california and nevada who said they were going to cite hungerford op cito cit 2ibl eibl ibidd frederick a ot op cit cl 02 3wrederick OE cit frederick op p 734 p 8860 op cit p 65 3- 64 hafen 0 66364 op pp ap cit P P 63 P CI 2 7 neff p 2227 illel ilhtliff fig 21 beehive pian ofthe plan beeb the beeh planof ive lve house floor planos floor odthe house 1Ifirst orthe ir S t figor pi ZAN n1 A I 1 41 i t Si t 1 1 r 14 ZTJ & 7 i F T 11 k i ft f 1 1 1x i ax 1I i ji I 1 V L A fwu fwv 1 I1t w i 1 w 0 tI I1 L A i I1 1 i 1I 1I J 1 1 I h4 1I RR m 11i V 1 ifrl 1I t TR k ul qf 7 qly aly 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atki i m110 VC W in al 66 IR ill in 1862 the indians gave much trouble to the overland a the telegraph nearly every station between mail as well as eds they burned destroy fort bridger and north platte was destroyed vn off with ran th the stock and killed bags meni and coaches mil mii the drivers governor acting actinggovernor faller fuller failer chief justice kinney and ea with the mail and telegraph connected six other gentlemen connect lines joined in recommending to secretary stanton to authorize the superintendent of indian affairs james duane authorise doty to raise and put in service immediately a regiment touy tory territory of the rangers of mounted from the inhabitants tern 1I with officers to be appointed by him A rated their overrated these men over own power 1in n utah 6 before they could get any action brigham young telegraphed the utah delegate inn hinn hirn washington and informed him hib that the utah state militia was prepared at any time tinne to protect the mails answers were not even waited for brigham Brighann harn young lieutenant general daniel H wells commander of the nauvoo legion of utah prepared territory and the militia were immediately many comm canions among officials of the cations communications comb territory and federal government followed to bring about adequate protection of the mails president abraham lincoln uncoin sent a dispatch to brigham young perso naUy although he was no longer governor asking for aid in this personally situation also ben holladay sent a special thanks to brigham young W th the overland mail under a joint service it was generally with beani improved over what it had beeni been inn the past ship ina rtnership hership ner with a kind of partnership 11 wdward edward TuU of tuuidge els histories history eis edward W tullidge T salt lake tunidgeeig nod clys city 1I salt lake city juvenile instructor 1889 po P 252 apan 0 apon zibido sibido id & pp ap 252259 NOW mou mod 112 1 from east to west among the three companies the activities of the baa weet mail bali ball mai bai were much better co coordinated ordinated than before they were running a sunumer summar and twenty three days in the summer schedule of twenty days in the munumer four winter vinter months in july of 1863 five men on the overland mail route were kikilled med ned at kanyon or canyon station near deep creek from salt lake froin A 161 miles west letter to major egan a supervising agent on the western division informs us on making the attacks attack first shot riley who ran about fifty yards and dropped dead the fiends dragged his body back to the stations station placed it on a pile of wood and burned 1itt there were from the showing tibes but it is not soidiers sol time four soldiers diera there in the stable at the times known whether or not they fired upon the indians it is represented that three of the four men were wounded in the barn before they made an attempt to escape they then took out some horses mounted them and fled two of them ran about two hundred and one of them three hundred yards before they were shot dead the fourth man had his horse killed and was himself mortally wounded but escaped to willow station about fifteenjmiles fifteen Jmiles miles east by fifteenmiles biles blies the aid of some emigrants who came along where he soon after died the station was completely destroyed by fire five horses were burned in the barn one was killed and two were supposed to have been driven off by the indians the indians lans ians the station waterhawler and three soldiers escaped death aas stated by the breaking down of a wagon it were som wer off somewhere aometbere happens that they wera somethere sob ethere for water and by some acci dent were detained a shont accident abort time and while at short some considerable distance dia dla distance from the station they saw it to deep creek twelve miles blies mile in flames and retreated bile blie 1 for safety later scour the some volunteer troops were sent to the area to acour tothe plains deseret news op cit july 14 1863 113 stations which were set up by the overland mail occupied public the government lands of the united states let the land free of charge however there could not be more than one station for every ten miles of route and be it further enacted that the overland mail company now engaged in carrying the united st nates states tates lates mail Plac erville california from frob saint joseph missouri to placerville shall have the privilege of occupying the public lands where their stations are fixed at the rate of not more than one for every ten miles of the route on which said pre emption company carry the said mail and shall have pra preemption mption pr0 right thereon of any land not nal neval nevai and not disposed of ral rai mineral neral veld veid or to which a preemption or homestead or reser reserved claim has not attached when the same shall be brought sixty into market dy acres barket to the extent of one hundred and si contig acus aous to and to include their improvements contiguous to be selected connig 1 even though the mail had not missed one single scheduled time months for the past twelve month tance of 1 ptember september before se stember 26 1863 some irregugiven for sorne there was an explanation given 374 miles 874 larity through the salt lake station cally a way station ville and atchison traveling a dis- 11 salt lake was considered techni- the schedule being mainly concerned with placer c&vision the carriers if any trouble occurred in either dvlision would endeavor to make up the time in the division ahead therefore belog in the middle would have a varying schedule sometimes salt lake being in utah territory itself there had been reported some irregulariAs a result the postmaster general sent a ties in the mail service U S statutes statute s at deseret news large lamle cite op cit 012 oll cito oil 31bido hid bid nov 25 1863 XII p 0 664 sept 26 1863 3 114 special agent mr stenhouse to 1Iinvestigate nves t gate aves bate some of the causes 1 in to the people he said writing a notice tothe post office salt lake city july 21st 1863 complaint a that have been made of the the many just complaints irregularities of public mail service in this territory of late have led to the appointment of a special mail agent with specific instructions to investigate au all matters of comail plaint and to take such steps as will insure efficient public service the general duties of this agency are to see that contractors carry the mails within schedule time with safety and regularity to see that the business of every post office in the territory is conducted in accordance with the general laws and instructions of the post office department and to take a general supervision of all mail business there are no wholesale changes and great reformations promised or contemplated but contractors and postmasters will be looked to for the proper discharge of their obligations and where instructions or aid can be rendered them to more efficiently discharge their duties it will be bo cheerfully rendered in the meantime all postmasters are invited to statement furnish me a sta ternent of the regularity or irregularity of the delivery of maile mails at their offices balis contractors are aware that there is a specified hour ne and deliver the mails at the ends of at which they recej recek receive routes and must be reported in case of failure therm there but gorne sorne goine some gobe sobe do not seem to comprehend that regularity is reoffices iced the interquired of them at intermediate post off ices mediate post offices are as much entitled to regular mails g or end as the offices at the beginning and of a route and only in bex bes cases of accident or unfavorable weather will irregularity am hereafter be passed by without report postmasters are therefore required to confer with contractors and learn the vag reg probable zag zegular regularr time of arrival of the mails at their offices selecting such a time for closing mails as will give the iveaie iverie public and best facilities for correspondence and so announce it Udor udov matlon mation of failures or arreg information irregularities irreg cities rities of service deunquencies mail robbe incompetency delinquencies robberies riest or any other business properly belonging to the mail service should be undersigner under signed with all the evidences of addressed to the undersigned reliability and with the public weal in view I1 4 115 As all information furnished funni shed a mail agent is strictly furni corn private for his use in the discharge of his duties all com comb cob municatione rnicationa on post office or mail service shall be addressed stenhouse special mail agent salt lake city T B H lu august of 1863 postmaster Poot master in baster general blair advertised for two ia routes concerned with the m mail bali bail ali1 territory from frob two places in utah up into montana of utah these routes ran they were from frob salt lake city by ogden cache valley snake river ferry and bannack city to fort benton and from fort bridger either of these upon acceptance by bannack ort benton city to Ffort would automat i c ally automatically aily omit the other llouj lloud rd that if the bidders chose they was found the in advertisement also oznitting could have the routes end at bannack city oz omitting nitting fort benton from 1I fort benton was 723 miles 400 miles less distant if salt lake city to from fort bridger to fort benton was just to bannack city 350 dis-tant lant if just miles less distant fust to bannack city 673 miles miles00ft 72 i at the time thlj of thle bida bids bias blas thiss announcement for soliciting blaa messrs annock or bannack city oliver and company had halI the contract to Dbannock hat ancock 1 there was a 3ony bony express from ort bridger to bannock city which fron Ffort frob i carried through letters in seven days for fifty cents each inipdo bibid libid july 22 220 320 1863 1853 mide id nide aug 5 18630 1863 hjen ajen 3T cite op cito cit 0 79 p 2279 3 also CHAPTER VIH vili viii vin THE the year concluding 1 1zs YEARS YEA 1864 marks the beginning beginnig of the begioni last big stretch of tj ac S maii r7tzv 1c RAILROAD in SERVICE UTAITS BEFORE THE COMING OF THE RAILPROAD UTAHS mali mall bali 1869 the overland mail contract remained as it 30th T fle lle the contract under the act of march be effective only until june 30 1864 2 was until september 1861 mou rever Hov however stated that it would arrangements were sarne made with the same sabe parties to continue the service until september 30th after which a new contract would go into effect concerm ng this we concerning concert read rvilce on the route from missouri service the contract for se placerviue Plac erville california under act riveri via salt lake to placerville river r on the 30th june last ngeow arrangean avra of march 2 1861 expiring arra exoirinc continuing the ment was made with the same parties for continuing continuinf 1 30 nne 1864 rne ter same terms service on the sr bame ins to september terins babe came tirr tirrie tirl againn the post when it carne time ie for the contract to be let agai agal i office department accepted bids for the route one finally chosen A ben holladays was the letter was written to holladay advising him that hie his reply his bid had been accepted this was hib office of ben holladay york no 84 broadway new yor august 16 1864 your favor of yesterday in which you request immediate sir i execution of the contract for conveying the overland mail is at hand 1 postmaster generate 1864 p generals rez reportb 18640 1I 116 782 117 in reply 1I am glad to be able to inform you that 1I have concluded an arrangement with the overland mail company to carry the mail from frob salt lake city utah to california folsom Calf fornia upon the schedule time proposed by the post office department 1I should be glad to have one contract drawn dra vn from rny name for a compensation atchison to salt lake city in my of three hundred and sixtyfive sixty sity five thousand dollars 365 000 per annum and one in the name of W B dinsmore mall mali company from salt lake president of the overland mail laite city to poisons folsom for the annual compensation of three hundred ooo 000. 000 385 385000. five thousand dollars 385000 385000 eightyfive and eighty it would be a great convenience to us if these contracts ready for sent bent on to the postmaster of this city signature could be gent to ben be executed here and if possible 1I beg this Ws may be done s oectfully yours re respectfully B en hollace ay holladay hollae ben n hon george W mcleiian mclellan mclell 1I second assistant postmaster general postmaster Portmaster generals Generals report there is recorded in the post 1 of 1864 the HoU essential points of holladays hon adays contract for the mail between that year and 1868 an excerpt tells us that under the advertisement dated march 2 1864 inviting aon kansas or st joseph son or service from Atchi oroposalsf proposals for atchiaon atchison missouri to folsom city california john H heistand of ter pennsylvania was the lowest bidder at 750 000 lanca lancaster per annum but his bid having been subsequently withdrawn holladay arlay of new york contracts have been made with ben Holl for the service between Atch ison or st joseph and salt lake lson atchison 365 000 and with vath wm B dinsmore president of city at 365 the overland mail company also of new york from salt folsorn city at 385 000 making aann aggregate lake city to folsom of 750 000 per annum these parties are believed to be able to fulfill their obligations the contracts contract are from october 1 1868 the trips to be made in 1864 to step Slep september tember 30 18681 IU IL 24 p Z355 S cong 38thcong house executive documents 38th seas zd sess no 118 sixteen days eight months in the year and in twenty days the remalu remaining rig four months lemalu tetter ietter mails moiz to convey through letter only mail matter prepaid at letter rates and ali au all local or ail wa mails way paper and docu malls maent bali balls bails for the pacific coast are document mail ball ernp orary to be carried by sea ea via new york and panama temporary P conveyance within arrangements having been made for their conveyances 160 000 of z 1864 25 law the sum bod the mod in named march viz nabed vl bed per annum making the whole expense of territorial arritorial and arritorial ooo ooo pacific mails not over 910 000 less 000 per annum or 90 910000 90000 wajer wader under th the former contract than majer owing to the indian depredations depredation the overland service vitas was much interrupted wuring che ohe months of august t tugust the eust rubt and september last ana and for a period of four or five weeks the whole whoie hoie anti hole mail ind lna niall for the pacific coast mali maii coat antl ina the territories was necessarily benl enl by sea from new york t1k tak i i clu fin thug thag thua evolved volved we fina that 1 es were in companies for the new contract two comp ftA ox aon and folsom ol letter mail between Atchi son in the carriage 01 atchison according to his letter which has been quoted holladay made the cero either gub arrangements for the whole servicemo ub letting it to the overland sub subletting service sarvice sarvi cemo servi ab mail or being closely connected with the company of mr dinsmore under this joint system as was the case in the contract of 1861 the business of the malig mails was much more reliable and simple to handle along with his important overland bail mall mail ban holladay bali ball contract ben of utah conducted two branch lines for the benefit of the people ox territory one line was to the dallas oregon the other being to walla walla washington i i- woth ooth oth for the starting from salt lake city as raid paid palu pala paia dallas the contractor was rald at the rate of them thar st to september the period from july 11st tha is for thom ist lpostmaster postmaster general generals report run to the 100 156 UOO per annum wo that 1864 this agreement 30 1864 p 782 119 was renewed for a period from october 1I1st st of that year to june 30 ist the per annum rate for this was raised to 186 000 for the 1866 route to walla walla which lasted only until september 30th he was compensated at the rate of 156 000 per annum he also had a mail and passenger coach running from salt lake this was to begin in july but did not get city to the mines in montana started until august 2 many times tibes time tibe the mails were delayed for reasons other than those directly connected with the coach lines themselves on one occasion in place for the early part of 1864 the mail did not reach the dropping off placer snow had delayed the ha bal bai and st hannibal pick the mail coaches to pyl PIL ck it up pit joseph railroad 3 one of the most common ways of informing the public about postal information was through the newspaper convem ent convenient of this congem method we find in a march 1864 salt lake city publication just such an 4 example4 examples example departures east all places east of salt lake city closes at dayi day each dayl frederick frederick op 012 oll cit oil chafen zhafen op cit afen 020 31bid 3ibid bibid x 147 pp ap 146 146147 p 2792800 279280 p 274 pes 4deseret peaeret des Pea eret news op cit deseret mar 9 1864 8 a m 120 west closes 6 p m each day north 7 30 a m mondays idaho 730 city bannock east for all settlements in northern utah and soda springs ida mondays monday and thursdays 730 a m south for all settlements in southern utah including the sanpote settlements inn sanpete cotton country all settlement forr alpine sansote CcoOs fo 30 a m city and cedar valley thurs 6630 i ARRIVALS east arrive each day p m west arrive each day p ro rn north Satarday 4 p m from bannock city east idaho saturday from all settlements in northern utah and soda springs idaho territory wednesday and saturday 4 p rn south settlement in southern utah including the from all settlements cotton country and all settlements in sanpete county on wednesdays 5 p m wednesday au all settlements between ali from fillmore city and ail fillmore city and salt lake city on wednesdays and saturdays at 5 P m vaney pa valley on fridays 5 p m alpine p1ine lne city and cedar vailey from al offices officer seventy4our seventyfour four post off ices within utah territory in 1864 there were seventy served thern costing the four blies erved them fortyfour miles of route arved nine hundred and forty state government united states 30 637 for the transportation of the mail lu 1865 the overland mail company secured the right to construct in a yoad zoad road in thoele tooele county waa wab granted the right was ipostmaster postmaster generals report re 22rt bert with a few stipulations 1864 p 829 121 the graded road however was to be constructed across the dugway mountain situated near the mail station of that name nabe salt lake city A toll gte was gante gznte 105 ox miles west of astern foot of the erected near the eeastern istern mountain and was to be used to collect toll for ten years to help meet the expenses of building the road county officials the rate was to be determined by tooele thoele wa required to make M dl til tii company ware iil mdi the miil an annual apts pts and expenditures and report to the legislative assembly of all recek receipts rece3 pay five per cent of all tolls collected for the benefit of the common p schools1 schools of the 1 territory of utah mal the road was to be kept in good repair at all time times81 the company gave bonds to the people of the territory in the penal surn sum bunn burn of five thousand dollars to insure faithful faitwiil 0 compliance with the provisions of the charter granted to them and to secure all persons for any damage that may accrue through their neglect which bonds shall be accepted by and filed with the probate court of thoele county tooele this action was approved by bhe the legislature of utah territory and the county of tooele thoele january 20 18655 18 1 thib road was thia about the same time that the construction of this commenced the company of the overland mail in the eastern division was having serious trouble with the indians indiana they would destroy esaly essiy kill their keepers and soldiers property and stations and mercilessly mercil essly bercil aljournal ljournal journal history ibid jan 7 jan op cit 1865 p 2 20 1865 p 11 2 122 si mail ln september twenty in six twentysi bali routes were advertised within the bail territory tor jr of utah territory Terri territor r g ave se uss tl ive belom gives below table belov 3ve s u these the th 1I W TABLE 2 MAIL ROUTES established IN UTAH TERPJTORY IN 1365 to from salt lake city salt lake city salt lake city gex ger briuger fort Lbridger bridge r fort bridger foyt bridge r fort bridger B brigham city bigham righam ogden ogden ogden ogden Wens ville wellsville wensville wllsville slo F rio r franklin frankiin frankiln alo alpine city cedar valley we ggirir ville Spring springville aprin sprin salt Ccreek reek salt creek fillmore city fillmore allmore illmore city beaver cedar city cedar city st george toquerville toqurville virginia arginia city vi rginia r montana miles fillmore city bip sbambip shanibip shani herriman f4 fa ort benzon benton denton benlon fort hell heii heil heu gate hen 21 6673 675 510 700 55 1164 6-4 walia walla walla frankiln frankiin franklin fr M 150 75 14ft provo prove north ogden Hunt aville huntsville plain city 7 mendon 18 10 6 springa spring soda springs 85 american fork fairfield 5 5 87 gunnison manti 44 11 fillmore lib 0 r e 66 110 80 17 cedar city deseret Mine ville Miners mineraville minersville raville santa clara cia ra cla ciara st george loa los lot angeles 71 80 30 460 25 320 springdale fort benton Moi montana moiatana atana mol full routes and schedules are in appendix he appe adix deseret news op 02 cit sept 27 1865 123 the year 1866 wars was mornen momentous tous a wads monnen great climax was taking pume the railroad copach saing was pro gyes progres proeres gres sing affecting progre coach mail service progresaing greatly the progressing ing sin this became quite a factor in the issuance of contracts for provisions had to be made for the advancement of the rails which were creeping brorn the west inwardly towards utah from the nast frorn east dast and from generals F Gene raPs mention tJon of this ostmaster the postmaster rals annual report makes mention important factor une the department the overland ma by mail iy recent order of vae bali ballI route to california of which atchison kansas had been the initial points point has been changed so as to have two points of one from junction city kansas sas departures departuresone departure departureone sab on the union pacific railroad route eastern divi cum fco ling fro cunning running from slon rum sion division wyandotte kansas and the other from fort kearney union pacific railroad route running nebraska on the uhlon froin from omaha city nebraska the lines from these 1two I points meet at denver deaver city in colorado territory 1 ay thua thus we see chairge ee a chanrge change in holladays holladay route but there had been no theca ha thera announcement of the change in the service of the overland mail company slon sion west of salt lake city nivision operating on the western iivision westeraliv westeraliv ii vision tu in the late fall fail fan there came a great change fau november 1 1866 ng of a consolidation which was to envelope the was marked as the begioni beginning beginni iines of the entire overland mail route major stagecoach lines line wells fargo coq coxnnpany and company on this date ua represented by 10 u1is mclane purchased louis lo ben holladays overland mail and express company as the firm had ay 1y 1866 eav early been named since ear shortly after this transaction two other companies were absorbed into the consolidation ipostmaster postmaster generals general property p112ort 1866 p 4 the companies in this 124 transformation were company A 2 Holla clays overland mail and express holladays ben hollaclays 1 wens weils wells fargo and company welis of W B dinsmore and 4 the pioneer the overland mail company 3 line irised comprised officials from these com rised the board cob .6 6 owned by louis mclane mr henry wells because of illness was not made a member of the new board of ancl and company merger was called wells fargo anci directors this 1 mail service from salt lake city to dallas dalias washington continued on during 1867 alao aiso operated under the directorevidently this also argo and company ship of wells pargo 11 the service prior to this year had weekly basis now it was on a weekly run been on a tri triweekly some indiana on the mail routes occurred bies by indians troitbles sobe of the worst troubles 18677 in 18 32 they would seem to go wild burning killing and otherwise destroying eao st and west east in 1864 contracts were made to carry the mail aeao ce into as well as within the territor the sezvvi through salt lake cityfor city ffor service i ory now in 1868 these contracts expired this was the time that they either were renewed or cancelled however most of the routes in and around utah territory itself were continued the main line from east to west was renewed also but there was some difficulty in getting the service into proper operation the contracts which had been awarded chafen ihafen op cit p 319 hungerford hung hafen op Hunz erford OL OR cit zpostmaster postmaster generals p 6 generals report 1867 pe 3ibido 3ibid bibid p 7 0 p 92 125 tsy by thes lay alid to holiaday and dinsmore in 1864 were holiiday renev vver aver not renewed thet le men cs houaaday these Holi benev red isy yin rin w injivuual westmo westoo re ind vidual iinvestors tost post ce department in cattemptin attempting to set iost 0114 office the bost 4 efficient clant cleat service into eficleat efi the up a system of territory declied to award contracts to three separate bidders a route number umber amber 16 t635 135 was waat baats to ma virginia extend from cheyenne to virgi way days summer an nln twelve the and each each nin in nevada city nev daya days danine d alty way iin n the winter vin ter ber min dic tance dis stance distance the di 1 was 1 0910955 service was to be miles a each eacia fifty aniles rniles miles of railroad wa s completed curtailed as extence was to extenc an ae exten fron coyote Ekaneas kansas poute route boute 14 167 a distance of 265 to denver percox ro li zno tv two was perfox ours each way to be performed seventytwo hours trip zn2 the lne J in seventy ine miles a the railroad progressed and to be curtailed as route te the third rho lw waz was cedend number 17 035 wae edend from cheyenne to denver wad too extend 0 the one enty twenty seol serl in tw seri four hours twentyfour hour hundred and two miles distance was to be traver traverserl traversed ent foun all aer rez renea wene of these routes were rer eae4 a daily service spaids spai4s number bids were accepted on these routes by carlton spaide at the rate of 335 000 per annum aimum 16 635 goo 600 24 24600 rate of per annum and L HL W 14167 hawks number 14.167 B johnston 17 035 at the annual nston number 17035 Joh naton 9 970 50 AU all of the ali bidders subsequently did not perform their duties the route between coyote and denver was rescinded because of indian raids and unimportance of the service postmaster generals general spaids backed out because carlton spaide report 1868 p 5 126 of differences with the department concerning the carrying of papers and documents in addition to letters on cn the remaining route cheyenne to denver deaver the service was so poor that the contract was also rescinded by the department in september 1868 wells fargo and company took over the routes each as it failed to perform its service routeseach 1I wa the sole contractor for was in the end wells fargo and company wag departi the post office department decarti nent had tried to get several parties the mail brigham harn hain young first contractors had failed Brig to step in after the and associates had almost taken over part of the responsibility but before lern was settled otherwise problern problem much could be done the prob 2 welis fargo weils wells 11.11 1111 kiil kill control over the entire malls 1111 company ilet liet hallet pany again ha had full ruli ruil and Corn thu tween uh the malis mails bbetween termini of the paa pacific raa raj broad iroad and the union pacific railroad central railroad fifty As time passed the company reduced its route by jumps of fifty 01 miles ol each as the tracks were laid 1 750 000 A the annual rate of compensation was wab wah wad subject to reduction as the railroad progressed arrange ineat was made w temporary arrangement with ith 1l NN el ell eli eil1 5 3 ago rgo jargo jtrgo & and com coyotes 1868 to carry the mail pany october 1368 mall mali on the coyote coyotesdenver denver lenver line until july 1 on the route from denver to cheyenne the company 1869 agreed to handle the daily sservice r rice from october 4 9 970.50 970 50 97050 1668 fon 1568 for one year for thege mail maii mali was taase bade the mailwas these arrangements were made after all of taege ibid 21hid 2tbid 9.9 p 6 3ibid bibid bid v p 41bide ud 1 p 7 7 fv rst vf auw w wayw hayw WLW fya aya t jy if v is fwsy fasy arf trf 1 s agr nev enes ener f ner a s 128 in regular service however it is likely that through these last few months of the mail before the ccoming oming of the transcontinental railroad there must have been a period of uncertainty and irregularity zoutes route for the past year in explanation of the mail routes yearl a comment is in order as to why there were three routes instead of only one there were two rai roads working westward railroada railroads rali roada rall rail kansas pacific the the union pacific and the union pacific company was building on the approxi- oo 00 mate route of the pony express or the route commonly used through the years for emigration and mail the kansas pacific railroad through the state of kansas towards toward denver went coyote kansas the starting off place for the coyote coyotedenver denver mail route 265 miles east of kansas denver was the end of the ransa kansa railroad at the time of the contract cheyenne was near the end point of the union pacific railroad at the time of the contract in consideration the mail went east with all of this thle lri thie from coyote to denver from denver to cheyenne and from Ccheyenne through utah territory to virginia city nevada or the mail dropping the railroad to cheyenne the drop PIing off place thia this could go on wae wals one reason wais wab unimportant why the coyote coyotedenver denver route was thought unimportant1 1 1I denver could have been served from cheyenne contracts the official end of the mail contract and company was may 10 1869 by coach under wells fargo the day that the union pacific and afic railroads met at promontory point utah F aci central pacific acl abic 53 miles miles milea west mile northwest of ogden 690 blies blie east of sacramento and 1085 miles bile 129 of omaha nebraska was made of california calif ornia laurel highly pou a e ends and the polished shed and mounted with silver at tthe last spike was made of gold weighing 8 oz and ornamented with appropriate designs and inscriptions the goiden spike was tie and the golden tle rail was laid upon the laurel ue was wab pronounced finished driven home and the great work wae the last tie amid the plaudits of an si assembled multitude ineffs aneff lneff OPS 751 ap 750 750751 bitof citof pp OP cit APPENDIX 1I L george chorpennings first mail contract 11 II IL rouges routes route in utah territory in 1865 including mail the all stations between the start tart and destination accompanying maps lii post routes established in utah territory at various ili times between 1850 and 1868 these include the post offices along the routes as well as the start and 111 III destination IV graph chart graphchart of the major mail contractors 130 in i CONTBACT OF FIRST MAIL MUL maln CONTRACT main GEORGE ga chorpennxng1 CHORPENNU4 g1 1851 iasi no 5066 414000par 14qoo per pez annum contract madga made the 1I ith day of april in the year one thousand eight hundred and ftftyone fifty one between the united states stetes and chorpounins chorpeaning george C v wright right semuel absalom woodward george chorpenning samuel T john R johnson noon noan naon ason Johnson clymer johm abon and A JD rightmire this the thi artiete article articie of georg vvitneaaeth that whereas absalom woodward and george witnessieth chorpenning penning of the city of sacramento sacrament and state of california have Char chor ng to law as contractors tranasporting the mail contractor for transporting according ruail mall malt been accepted accordi moute no 5066 5046 from sacramento city in the state aforesaid to the on monte route mee a month city of snig mouth with aad sad back once snit lakes salt sait lake in the territory of utah and per foux toon toen teen thousand dollars certainty celerity and security at foum fourteen dollar pey year for and during the term commencing commenting the tenth day of may in the year fifty one oae and ending with the yer one thous thousand aad aad fiftyoone hundred sad eight madred eadred and one thirtieth day of june in the year oue ont thousand eight hundred and fifty out four pr now the isaid tho bsalom 4salom woodward and george defore said fi baalom sald therefore refore the slaid ing cou chorpe chorpenning charpe Cau contractors aad george C wright Ssamwel samuel1I T clymer tractors and john johnson joha rMe johmson joba neon ason aad and Johaeon sad A D rightrmre risbtmire their sureties do jointly and severally undertake covenant and agree with the united states and do bind themselvoswo themselves lt schedule of departures and arrivals 1I at the times fixed in the annexed to carry said mail within tho thl except that when more ghan than seven oven even malig mimmes areo taken for opening and alsing cloeing maeis mails minute aye clsing the melt mail att any 2 office the meit surptus surphue time oo surplue 0 o taken is to be allowed in addition to what ie is given in the 00 uis lis o carry by dwle 0 dule in duie the authority until said sch schedule aad s schedule and 41prity of is altered the postmaster general of the united states as hereinafter provided and then to carry according to gald sald altered schedule and to carry said vauata valata 4 free from other wet or injury eafe and secure manner dald daid eaid said mait sald mall in a safe mali malt mail 0 46m tsee isee lse chorpenning ise op cite cito cit appendix adix appie 132 ad to take the mail and every bikin 3d under a sufficient oil cloth or bear skin poet office on part of it from and deliver it and every part of it at each post the route or that may hereafter be established on the route and into the post office at each end of the route and into the post office at the place at which the carml carrier carvimer ler stops at night if one is there kept and if no office is there kept to lock it up in some secure place at the risk of the contractors they also undertake covenant and agree with the united states and do bind themselves jointly and severally as aforesaid to be whom the said contractor contractors shall commit answerable for the person to whonn the care and transportation of the mail and accountable to the united states for any damageswhich damages which may be sustained by the united states contractor through hla hia his unfaithfulness or want of care and that the said contractors will discharge any carrier of said mail whenever required to do so by ac postmaster general also that they will not transmit by themselves the or their agent or be concerned in transmitting commercial intelligence more rapidly than by mail and that they will not carry out of the mail letters or newspapers which should go by the post and further post office blanks mail bags and the special agents of the department on exhibition of their credentials with the united they further undertake covenant and agree agreewith states that the said contractors will collect quarterly if required by gia postn postmaster Cia general xaster gie the posan baster neral of postmasters on said route the balances due thern to the general post office and faithfully render an account from them thereof to the postmaster general in the settlement of quarterly accounts and will pay over to the general post office all balances remaining in their hands o when which performed woodo the said absalom services wood for ward and george chorpenning contractors are to be paid by the said surn of fourteen thousand dollars a year to wit 3 united states the sum quarterly in the months of may august november and february through the postmasters on the route or otherwise at the option of the postmaster general of the united states said pay to be subject however to be reduced or discontinued by the postmaster general as here wafter hereinafter stipulated or to be suspended in case of delinquency it is hereby stipulated and agreed by the said contractors and their sureties that the postmaster general may alter the contract and alter the schedule he allowing a pro rata increase of compensation with in the restrictions imposed by law for the additional service required or for the increased speed if the employment of additional stock or carriers is rendered necessary but the contractors may in the case of increased expedition relinquish the contract on timely notice if they 133 prefer it to the change also that the postmaster general may discontinue pay on the amount or curtail the service he allowing one months eertra artra draoav witha dispensed withy with in order to place on the route a greater degree of service first offering it to the contractors at the price at which it can be obtained or whenever the public interests require such discontinuance or curtailment for any other cause it is hereby also stipulated and agreed by the said contractors and their sureties that in all cases there is i s to be a forfeiture of the pay of a tn tripp when the trip is not run a forfeiture of at least one fourth part of it when the running is so far behind time as to lose connection with a depending mail and that these forfeitures may be increased into penal ties of higher amount according to the nature or frequency of the failure upon the mail and the importance of the bali ball also that fines may be imposed upoxx contractors unless the delinquency be satisfactorily explained to the postmaster ater general in due time for failing to take from or deliver at Postma ster wet injured ng it to be wett suffering a post office a mail or any part of it for suffer 10 aplace ing place or manner that exposes it lo st or destroyed for carry carrying lost ins it in a aglace to depredation loss or injury by being wet or otherwise or for not set bet in the schedule and for setting up or running arriving at the time act an express to transmit letters or commercial intelligence in advance of the mail a penalty may be exacted of the contractors equal to a quarters pays pay tho price of payi but in all other cases no fine shall exceed three times the thee ttrip th rl P and it is hereby further stipulated and agreed by the said contractors and their sureties that the postmaster general may annul the contract for repeated failures for violating the post office laws for disyang yeng obeying obe ylng the instructions of the department for refusing to discharge a carrier when required by the department for assigning the contract without the consent of the postmaster general for setting up or running an express as aforesaid or whenever the contractors or either of them beve ahall members shali shall shail become a postmaster assistant postmaster or Mern bere of congress and this terme shall shali in all its parts be subject to the terms thia contract shail shau and requisitions of an act of congress passed twentyfirst first day of paed on the twenty april in the year of our lord one thousand eight hundred and eight ng ppublic pablic concerning blic entitled an act concerm alic contracts concert 4 0 11 in witness whereof the said contractors and their sureties seal the day and year set opposite have hereunto set their hands and seals es respectively names their nam 134 apra april apr31 25 23 il 25 1Iapril april.11 25 11 25 apra april apr3 april 25 apr 1I1 25 0 april apri aprl aarl 1851 1851 1851 1851 1851 1851 1851 A G woodward repenning rp chorpenning rpenning cho enning ge george orge G W wright right S T clymer Johnaton jr J R johnston A D righfcmire rightmire rishtmire seal seal seal seal seal seal signed and ssealed baled ealed and delivered in the presence of R H woodward henry A benjamin moer rmer J R hereby certify that george go wright and 5 T clymero clymere Cly roer clyroer joi johnston miLre are good and sufficient sureties for the Jol baghtxnire ston and A D Right rightmilre ILU leu amount len foregoing9 contract and bond in the forego 1I edes richard A ildea postmaster 135 11 II MAIL ROUTES IN UTAH TERRITORY 1856 1 grove pleasant um foyl on union fork laree larce draper city salt lake lehi american lahe provo springville prove quin mona santaquin taquin Springville spring lake villa payson San ani fillmore salt creek chicken creek round valley an grantsvil1e bip shambip Grants villo thoele city grantsvillo tooele stockton Sham shambis 2 salt lake city cl ty E 3 west jordon herriman salt lake city weat 4 fort bridger 5 upper so vUle Rich springs crossing virginia soda vuie klch kich richville bridger fort city hell gate 6 wana waua grande valley walla walla walia city ronde boise bridger fort 7 Uville villeE providence millvillee Mi miuville mieville Brigh beigh aann city wellsville paradise hyrum Mill brigham mond moad franklin richmond richniond richmoad logan hyde park smithfield Rich 8 croydon dont hennefer ogden mountain weber morgan porter Croy poa 11 1 ship manship Wan wanship Co hoytsvill hoytav hoytal coalville alville 9 ogden huntsville T soda springe bannock city fort benton 10 ogdena north ogden ogden 11 plam piam city ogden plain 12 Wel wellsville wei laville menton 13 Frank iia lia ila soda springs franklin 14 alpine city american fork 15 cedar valley fairfield 16 town springtown sh fork fairview mount pleasant Spring spanish springville Spring ville spam ephraim manti gunnison 17 salt creek fountain green moroni ephraim manti 136 18 mone salt creek poule holden FiU fillmore flu finmore 19 petersburgh Peters burgh cove creek beaver fillmore meadow creek peter parowan carowan gonah city paragonah Pa rowan summit submit Para subbit cedar cuy 20 fillmore city deseret 21 ville minersville beaver Miners 22 Toca erville arville Kanna Xanna raville toque tocaerville xannaraville cedar city kannaraville rville harrisburg washington vm eland st george santa clama vineland clra cira 23 nond st george diamond diar cedar city pinto pine valley alger barney Diax 24 st george los loa angeles 25 springilale springdale ity grafton rockville Sp toque arville ringdale toquerville rville virgin city 26 2 bo gallatin GaU atin helena fort benton virginia city gan 111 III ill ili lii eds EJS S UTAH POST ROUT E T UP BY THE UNITED STATES ROUTES SET POST OFFICE 1850 great salt lake city great C treat salt lake city great salt lake city U 1852 sanpete 1 sanpet aa vla utah lk3 sancete via lka Browns ville ogden brownsville brownsviue pitche pitch utah lake san pitchs 496 statutes at large IX p 496. great salt lake city rane lane rican fork provo city springfield american pay son springvillej payson bon summit creek nephi city fillmore carowan johnsons naon springs cold creek Pa rowan johnson Joh nson city red creek parowan santa clara san bernardino san diego great salt lake city thoele tooele U 1854 S department S statutes statute at large X p 139. 139 provo city salt lake american fork prove city springfield payson summit creek nephi city fillmore city red creek parowan carowan ngs cold creek santa clara san innings cprings rings Pa rowan johnsons Cp innngs inn bernardino san diego salt lake city union draper palmyra lehi city american grove provo prove pleasant Springville city payson springville fork summit nephi city corn creek fillmore city salt creek mantis mantl canal creek manti council bluffs iowa salt lake city fort laramie councilbluffs waysville kaysville salt lake city stoker farmington Kays ville ogden city MW creek HoRi horidays holidays holliday salt lake city nufflsmill honi days settlement honl kufs mill mill nufs mountainville drapersville ville Mountain ville littie cottonwood Drapers little ville west jordon gardners mill taylorsville tayiorsviue salt lake city Taylors vaney binghams bingham kanyon cedar vailey valley grant Grants ville vilie thoele tooele city grantsville salt lake city utah lake sand pitch valley U S statutes at L 546 large X p 546. L 1856 vaney valley santa clara cedar city harmony ine vailey Us 137.7 U S statutes at L 137 large XI p 13 1861 breckenridge great salt lake like city manti san pete county ephraim limbir lambir mount pleasant north bend genoa carson valley walker river diggings monoville Mo noville manoville monoviue 1I 138 brigham city mendon cache county wellsville providence logan city smithfield richmond franklin city 165. 165 U S statutes at narse po XH p naree large laree larae larse 1862 Spring Springtown springville ville fairview mount pleasant springtown tocquerville pocketville Pocketville gafton adventure tocquerviue virgin city grafton rockville prove utah territory denver city colorado territory provo 421. XIL S statutes U sa p XU 421 statute a at ladge large laves lades lares 1863 ville Miners beaver greenville fort adams minersville minersviue payson pay son goshen 63 663 U S statutes at L large xii p 6663. 1864 fort bridger richville soda springs upper crossings of the snake river virginia city hell gate idaho bosse city grand ronde valley oregon walla boise fort bridger bolee oryo Waahington territoryo washington walla was territory Territ orya 10 salt lake city fillmore city st george nos los lo angeles biag blag grantaville Grants T city grantsville shambias bias shambiss biss Grant aville thoele Sham salt lake city E to ville tooele pay son bip cedar fort fairfield goshen payson shambip Sham shambis prove city salt creek fillmore city beaver salt lake city provo parowan carowan Pa rowan cedar city st george cyru brigham city mendon wellsville hyrwxi miuville millviue providence mieville hyru Mi Uville field richmond franklin smithfield logan hyde park Snaith se hyrum paradise paradi ogden city plain city ogden city huntsville great salt lake city jordon herriman Herrl man herri ban springdale rockville Sp ringdale springville ville salt creek poule rounds holden fillmore Spring spazu spazo Spring town sh fork cannon fairview mount pleasant springtown spanish ephraim manti gunnison mount pleasant moroni fountain green wales cedar city pinto pine valley alger banney diamond st george Mine ville raville mineraville minersville beaver Miners fillmore city deseret gunnison chicken creek great salt lake city mountain weber morgan porter croydon geoa peoa van Hoyt hoytsvilles wanshipt Wan ship hoytaville manship wanship kamas aville coalville kabas hennefer Co kama heber kaba alville provo mound midway Char leaton leston chaz charleston U s statutes at large XIXI 322 XM p 322. 139 1866 JD logan dexion dexton denton exton huntsville bennington logan oxford guan gunnlson json nephi st george sevier valley fort Gu Gunn gubson gujson lson ison lson ison U S statute 287 statutesa at L large XIV p 287. 1868 eagle valle panacea pinto Harn palsifer Hanx hanxblin blin palpifer biln harnbun Pal sifer panacea hanibUn U S statute a at L 193. 1933 large XV p 19 11 140 10 0 if 1 13 6 16 IV it zo ar zr Z Z 35 3401 5401 ur 43 37 33 40 69 70 az 7z 73 78 ez 17 1 Z sr 88 89 86 14 POST OFFICES IN UTAH UT 1865 ahtof1865 utah1865 seo newt see see next neta page for key neid 141 UTAH POST OFFICES 1865 key to illustration of post offices in utah 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 franklin richmond smithfield park hyde pa rk logan providence Mili miliville milivilie vilie Mil mii iville hyrum paradise 10 mendon 11 wellsville hamm hatm city brigham BrighaTO north ogden plain city ogden Hunts vilie huntsville weber mrgan rgan porter M agan croyden hennefer Co alville coalville coalvill alville hoytsville manship wanship geoa peoa salt lake city E T C ity city west jordan grants grantsville ville 12 13 14 15 16 17 1 pa p3 19 20 21 22 IC 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 herriman thoele tooele 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 ca c3 339 9 40 41 42 43 stockton shambip shambis cedar valley fairfield union draper lehi american fork pleasant grove provo prove charleston midway 1865 61 gunnison 62 63 deseret 64 fillmore meadow creek petersburgh Peters burgh corn creek cove creek beaver 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 49 50 Spring ville springville palmyra sh fork spanish spani payson pay son San santiquin tiquin goshen 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 51 mona 81 52 53 salt creek nephi fountain green fairview mt pleasant 82 32 83 44 45 46 47 48 54 55 56 576 57 58 59 60 heber kamas kabas Springtown springtown ephraim manti moro moroni chicken creek 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 holden minersville miners ville paragonah Para gonah parowan carowan summit coal creek cedar city Kan narville kannarville pinto diamond pine valley harrisburg tocquerville santa clara He huberville heberville heberville berville st george vineland washington virgin city grafton rockville springdale 142 ig F fig 15 STARTING POINTS AND destinations OF THE POSTAL ROUTES IN UTAH 1865 utah1865 IY bawitr COMPTON WOODSON L T TLE cimrpepjning MCGRAW 14ocxada Y UJ R m w RLAND lf I1 I1 I1 I1 I1 1I I 1 I1 I1 I1 I1 1I I 1 I1 MOLLADAY LS fa14w 14di JOR MAIL MAJOR mall 16 contractors I1 bibliography LIOGRAPHY irb 113 1 X JD I alter J C atlantic quarterly Hiet Mst orical quar utah hietorical mstorical historical hist ed lii ili iii sr monthly moutal mouthl XIX 111 VHI VM vul vui salt lake city 1859 afi Wy onang ffi story of nevada colorado and wyoming bancroft hubert howe wstorz publishing encisco bUshing co 1889 ncisco the history Pu 15401888 san fr franciaco francisco history of utah 15401886 histor bistor publishing co 1889 san francisco the history r s vos cos ac ros across the rocky of and th gity kock city the saints rock the cityof burton richard greeng greens green longman a longman mountains to Cali california calciform cailform london call caliform and robertsn tse 1861 roberts Rober francis franc3 francas chapman arthur burt co g e as new york and chicago isxpregs poff ex the pony A L 32 19 1932 geor george george of of appendix x statement and claim chorpenning chorpennin chorpenning against the united states 1889 microfilm brigham young university carter kate riders pom pou Eexpress of the pony ress of the utah pioneers 1952 salt lake city daughters pamphlet story of the wild west and cam afire cody william frederick sto Camy camyfire campfire came fire chats cab cabe og 18883 raphy ography autobiography contains auto st louis holloway & co 188 deseret news m salt lake city 1850 1869 18501869 bancroft library collection brigham young university early utah records record egan howard ed egan estate diary MS crofilm zm microfilm plone west R howard the utah richmond Pione pioneering erm 1917 contains contain9 parts of major howard egans evans john henry our church and people book company 1924 144 salt lake city deseret 145 forsgren lydia walker county box elder co daughter of the utah pioneers 1937 utah daughters porr history Hial torr of brigham city glen- HolladaX the stagecoach ki kin fredericks frederick james vincent ben holladay co 1940 dale california the arthur H clark clarkco clarico Kanes ville iowa early mormon publication ganesville kanesville 1I st of natter microfilm Historian natte christ latter historians office church of jesus chr latter day saints salt lake city frontier guardian 1 new york san to an overland Jour jounney journey from francisco bej aej heu in the summer of 1859 new york C M saxton barker & co 1860 harn young university Brighann microfilm of original book in brigham greeley horace library hafen le roy R 1926 hafen hamlin the overland mail roy R kleter kister carl coke rieter le york yolk yark prentice hail hali hall 1950 S herbs herb NO nob 1I ed june 5 cleveland the 0 0.0 mark clark dark co 2nd ed new western america ereas the pony ezeas p2menre6s areas ezebb oct H A WON placerville Plac erville calu california Calf fornia 1944 XI hansen harry ed the world almanac and book of facts new york new york worlds sun 1956 ram and sim 19 teleg world heleg telegram the rab 00 mormona morrnons cormona Morr mons hinckley gordon B what of th morn nons salt lake city published Mor mona by the church of jfeaua le sus sub christ of latterday latter day saints 1947 N I1 I1 I1 weug advancing advance weils fargo advanci wells aa a& the american frontier new york random house 1940 Hunger hungerford fords edward kane joseph nathan famous wilson co 1950 first facts new york the H W aaroe the plains M acroe MSS bancroft little feramorz mail service across library collection microfilm brigham young university library 4 mabey charles rendell beverly craftsmen pon express pou y ess city salt it lake the pony ci the fx 1940 majors alexander seventy years on the frontier denver western miner and financier 1893 the 146 early mormon liverpool england 1849 XI 1848 18481849 nidal star mo Mille nidai millennial publication salt lake city history of utah 18471869 neff andrew love histor bistor news press 1940 deseret newe settle raymond W settle mary lund elty press 1949 sity Univer eity stanford university stanford empire on wheels C a of city wstorip tuludges history salt yullides lake edward W Yul ses Tulud ges histories tullides tui 1I salt lake city juvenile instructor 1889 T tullidge mudge ty cannon c1 city sait lake ca history histo of utah L1I salt ney aey orson ferguson whitney Whit and sons 1892 writers program eState state compiled by workers of the utah a guide to th thestate admim the writers1 admix stration for writers program of the work projects administration now york hastings house 1941 the state of utah new young 1I levi edgar sons 1923 the founding U U S congressional globe U S narge statutes at L large narbe U S house S now york new sess 2nd 2ndsess 33rd cong appendix IX XV xv0 IXXV xvi & 32nd cong st sess Ist istsess 1 j 643 35th cong 1I st seas Sess Ist istsess no 96 serial cong 338th C ong se s so znd and 2ndsess no 24 so 23 1223 vial 12 serial rial 8th ath postmaster pjstmaster master rstmaster baster generals Rst report keport of annual rep seas sess znd 1852 H ex docs 32nd cong and 2ndsess seas sess 18530 1853 H ex doco seab doca 33rd cong ist doce docs istsess sess 1864 H ex docs 38th cong 2nd seas sera ser3 serial al 1220 sess 1866 H ex docs znd doce 39th cong and 2ndsess 1867 1868 scribners C government docuxn ents ants documents executive documents serial U S of utah serial 1286 H R ex docs 40th cong serial 1327 H ex docs 40th cong serial 1369 957 0 no 1 1I serial 674 no 1 1I serial 712 no 1I V no 1I IV sessa Sess no ist sessv istsess sess 3rd 3rdsess no 56 1 IV no io 1I IV UTAH MAIL SERVICE BEFORE THE COMING OF THE RAILROAD 1869 AN ABSTRACT OF A THESIS SUBMITTED TO IUSTORY OF BRIGHAM department OF HISTORY YOUNG university IN PARTIAL fulfillment OF THE requirements FOR THE DEGREE OF THE MASTER OF ARTS ABSTRACT t A after making pre a study of the pro prorailroad railroad utah mail service 1I prerailroad this broad elements have found it appropriate to categorize certain broadelements part thesis is divided into eight parts each part following in chronological order except for the one dealing with the pony express a and the telegraph sarne which covers approximately the sanne alb the chapter enals ais tame sabe period of time as tabe moat though there was a most boat definite overbost resumption of the mail titled resumptionof ox time for these two historical phases it would seem that there lapping of was adequate justification for making maring two chapters rl ae initial chapter in this thesie pertains to the unofficial mail the beginning in 1847 there was certain conirnunic communication atlon through and within the area of utah before this however but there was no significant olf restudy of it at this time purpose to me in making a rstudy tudy ouf tibe my oncin zrnzin rncin objective deals with utah from the beginning of its permanent settlements the lro with the boilo deiro delro following foilo study de dealiro deai wing categories mail between 1847 and 1850 3 2 1 the unofficial the beginning of the official mail in 1850 the mail service during the middle of the ISSCPs 4 the transition able service abie reliabie reliable period between the early mail years and a more rell reli reil resumption of the gaail naail after certain significant difficulties express and telegraph service 7 6 5 the the pony the improvement in the transcontin- ental mail service through utah as the routes from east to west were 1I 2 consolidated 8 and years a up to the driving of the finally the concluding year may on railroad transcontinental last spike of the first firt 10 1869 the chief sources of iinformation were government documents contemporary newspapers and miscellaneous materials from the archives archive of the historians historian jebus christ of office of the church of jesus latterday latter day saints in salt lake city utah much general and specific was also obtained from reliable historians past and information waa present there are maps charts tables thesis for added information and interest and portraits included in this
