Bering Straits Native Corporation ANCSA Region

Transcription

Bering Straits Native
Corporation ANCSA
Region
Map prepared by the ANCSA Regional
Association [http://ancsaregional.com]
Report by: Wiltse, N., D. Madden, B. Valentine.
Cold Climate Housing Research Center.
Bering Straits Native Corporation
Wiltse, N., D. Madden, B. Valentine, V. Stevens
2014 Alaska Housing Assessment
Table of Contents
Bering Straits Native Corporation Dashboard .............................................................................................................................................................. II
Bering Straits Native Corporation Summary ........................................................................................................................................................... III-XI
Community....................................................................................................................................................................................................... III
Overcrowding................................................................................................................................................................................................... III
Energy .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. IV
Affordability ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... IX
Community, Regional, and Statewide Housing Characteristics ....................................................................................................................... XI
How to Interpret the Profile: Data Sources, Definitions & Clarifications................................................................................................................ A-H
Bering Straits Native Corporation Profile .................................................................................................................................................................. 1-4
I
Bering Straits Native Corporation Dashboard1
Population: The Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development's current (2012) population estimate for the Bering Straits Native
Corporation ANCSA region is 9,869, an increase of 7% from 2000.
Housing Units: There are currently 3,975 housing units in the Bering Straits Native Corporation ANCSA region. Of these, 2,756 are occupied, 241
vacant units are for sale or rent, and the remaining 978 are seasonal or otherwise vacant units (Profile Figure R6).
Energy: The average home in the Bering Straits Native Corporation ANCSA region is 1,136 square feet and uses 195,000 BTUs of energy per
square foot annually. This is 42% more than the statewide average of 137,000 BTUs per square foot per year.
Energy Costs: Using AKWarm estimates, average annual energy cost for homes in the Bering Straits Native Corporation ANCSA region is $7,900,
which is approximately 2.8 times more than the cost in Anchorage, and 3.7 times more than the national average (Profile Figure R13).
Energy Programs: Approximately 10% of the occupied housing units in the Bering Straits Native Corporation ANCSA region have completed
either the Home Energy Rebate or Weatherization programs, or have received BEES certification since 2008, compared to 21% statewide (Profile
Figure R12).
Housing Quality: Within current housing stock, newer homes have better energy performance. On average, homes built before 1940 are
currently rated at 1-star compared to a current average rating of 3-star-plus for homes built after 2000.
Air-tightness: Within current housing stock, newer homes are tighter. On average, homes built in the last decade exceed the 2012 BEES
standard of 4 air-changes per hour at 50 pascals (ACH50). In contrast, homes built before 1940 are 6.2 times leakier than those built since 2000
(Profile Figure R7).
Ventilation: An estimated 887 occupied housing units (or 32%) in the Bering Straits Native Corporation ANCSA region are relatively air-tight and
lack a continuous ventilation system. These houses are at higher risk of moisture and indoor air quality-related issues (Profile Figures R9-R10).
Overcrowding: Twenty two percent of occupied units are estimated to be either overcrowded (11%) or severely overcrowded (11%). This is
roughly 7 times the national average, and makes the Bering Straits Native Corporation region the third most overcrowded ANCSA region in the
state.
Affordability: According to American Community Survey (ACS) data, approximately 24% of households in the Bering Straits Native Corporation
region spend 30% or more of total income on reported housing costs, including rent, water and sewer utilities, and energy costs. Using AKWarm
estimates, the average annual energy costs constitute 15% of census median area income for occupied housing.
1
Figures referenced in the Dashboard are located in the ANCSA Region profile.
II
Bering Straits Native Corporation Summary
Community
The Bering Straits ANCSA region is located on the western coast of Alaska, bordered by the NANA region on the north, and the Calista region in
the south. Average home sizes in the region range from 593 square feet in Stebbins to 1,302 square feet in Nome.
Overcrowding
The Bering Straits ANCSA region is the third most overcrowded area in the state with 22% of occupied housing units with more than one person
per room (Figure R-I). Approximately
Figure R-I: Percent of Overcrowded Housing in Bering
6% of the housing in the region is
vacant and available for sale or rent.
Straits and Neighboring ANCSA Regions
Gambell has the lowest percentage
100%
of available housing, with no housing
90%
units available for sale or rent, and
80%
Wales has the highest percentage at
12%. Overcrowding in the region
70%
varies by community. Nome has the
60%
lowest percentage of overcrowded
50%
households (8%) and Savoonga has
40%
the highest percentage of households
with more than one person per room
30%
(61%).
20%
10%
0%
Bering Straits
Not overcrowded
NANA
Overcrowded
Calista
Severely overcrowded
III
Figure R-II: Average Annual Home Energy Costs vs
Energy Consumption
270
$11,500
Annual Energy Costs ($)
Regional average energy costs are
the third most costly ANCSA region
in the state, despite the relatively
small regional average home size of
1,136 square feet. Figure R-II shows
that annual energy costs vary by
community3, from a low of $3,994 in
Stebbins to a high of $8,457 in
Nome. Nome also has an average
annual energy use that is
approximately double that of
Stebbins, due at least partially to an
average home size that is more than
twice that found in Stebbins.
$10,500
$9,500
$8,500
$7,901
220
$8,457
182
178
$7,500
170
$6,500
$5,500
$3,994
$4,500
$3,500
$2,500
70
BSNC
2
3
120
89
Nome
Annual Energy Use (MMBTU / Year)
Energy2
Stebbins
Regional data appearing in this section is based on communities with sufficient levels of ACS data, meaning not all communities were included in the analysis.
Only communities with sufficient data for reporting are included in Figure R-II.
IV
Figure R-III: Average ECI vs. Average EUI
195
$9.00
$8.82
5
175
$8.28
$8.00
$7.16
180
160
150
$7.00
140
$6.00
120
$5.00
100
$4.00
80
$3.00
60
$2.00
40
$1.00
One contributing factor to the high
average ECI is the high average home
$0.00
heating index of 10.6 BTUs/ft2/HDD,
BSNC
which is the second highest in the
state. Again, there is some variation
at the community level, from a low of 7.6 in Nome to a high of 9.4 in Stebbins
4
200
20
EUI (thousands of Btus / square foot / year)
$10.00
ECI ($ / square foot / year)
The BSNC region has the highest
energy use per square foot4 of any of
the ANCSA regions using an
estimated 195 kBTUs/ft2/yr. The
BSNC region also has the second
highest energy cost per square foot5
of the ANCSA regions at $8.82/ft2,
nearly 9 times the national average.
The energy use and cost per square
foot for communities in the BSNC
region are shown in Figure R-III.
Among communities with sufficient
AKWarm data for reporting, Nome
has both the lowest EUI and ECI in
the region at 150 kBTU/ft2 and
$7.16/ft2 respectively. Stebbins has
both the highest EUI and ECI at 175
kBTU/ft2 and $8.28/ft2respectively.
0
Nome
Stebbins
Energy use per square foot is also known as Energy Use Intensity, or EUI and is given in kBTUs per square foot, per year.
Energy cost per square foot is also known as the Energy Cost Index, or ECI and is given in dollars per square foot, per year.
V
Understanding
the
variations
between communities participating
Figure R-IV: Percent of Occupied Housing Completing
in energy efficiency programs is
an Energy Program
essential to targeting work and
100%
resource allocation in the region.
Figure R-IV shows the region’s
90%
participation in the three AHFC
80%
energy programs. Approximately
10% of housing units in the Bering
70%
Straits region have participated in
60%
the Weatherization or Home Energy
Rebate program, or have received
50%
BEES certification since 2008. The
40%
Bering Straits region has the second
lowest participation of all the
30%
regions with approximately 6% of
20%
housing units in the region
completing the Home Energy
10%
Rebate or Weatherization programs,
with an additional 3% certified to
0%
meet BEES. Participation varies
BSNC
Nome
Savoonga
Stebbins
widely by community, from an
% BEES
% HERP
estimated zero housing units in
% Weatherization (post-2008)
% No programs completed
Gambell participating to a high of
86% of housing units in Stebbins completing one of the programs. The highest participation in the BEES program occurred in Savoonga where
8% of homes have been certified to meet BEES. Regionally, only 1% of housing units have participated in the Home Energy Rebate Program. The
Weatherization program has varying levels of participation by community, from an estimated 0% participation in Savoonga to a high of 86% in
Stebbins completing a weatherization retrofit.
VI
The majority of housing units in the Bering
Straits region use fuel oil for space heating
(Figure R-V). This is especially the case in
Nome, the region’s largest community, where
95% of space heating needs are met with fuel
oil. In other communities in the region wood
fuel is used more to supplement fuel oil as
evidenced by a 23% usage of wood fuel for
space heating region-wide. The lack of wood
heat in Nome is likely caused by limited
availability of wood in the community. Other
communities have trees available to use for
space heating needs.
Figure R-V: Percent Space Heating Energy Used by
Fuel Type in Bering Straits
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
Electric
50%
Wood
40%
Fuel Oil
30%
Nat Gas
20%
10%
0%
Bering Straits
Nome
VII
An estimated 18% of homes in the
region have a continuous mechanical
ventilation
or
heat
recovery
ventilation system, which is just
slightly lower than the percentage in
Nome (19%), the region's largest
community. Figure R-VI shows both
the
regional
ventilation
characteristics and those of Nome.
The Bering Straits region has the
second lowest percentage of homes
that are relatively air-tight but lack
continuous mechanical ventilation.
This suggests there are fewer homes
at risk of moisture and indoor air
quality-related issues, but likely
comes at a high energy penalty since
the Bering Straits region has, on
average, the second leakiest homes
in the state.
Figure R-VI: Ventilation Types by Census Area
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Bering Straits
% Heat Recovery
Nome
% Continuous
% Non-Continuous
VIII
Affordability
Approximately 24% of households in
the Bering Straits Native Corporation
region are considered cost-burdened,
spending 30% or more of total
household income on housing costs.6
This is similar to the affordability
found in the neighboring ANCSA
regions of NANA and Calista (Figure RVI), which have an estimated 24% and
19% of cost-burdened housing units,
respectively. Affordability varies by
community in the region, ranging from
a low of 8% of cost-burdened housing
in Unalakleet to a high of 46% in
Brevig Mission. The percent of costburdened households in the six most
populous communities range from a
low of 8% in Unalakleet to a high of
44% in Savoonga.
Figure R-VI: Percent Cost-Burdened Housing in Bering
Straits and Neighboring ANCSA Regions
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Bering Straits
NANA
% with costs <20%
% with costs 20.0 -24.9%
% with costs 30.0 - 34.9%
% with costs 35% or more
Calista
% with costs 25.0 - 29.9%
6
CCHRC’s analysis of ACS energy costs indicate that there are systematic underestimations for rural Alaska, which suggests that ACS-based cost burdened
housing estimates are low. See Appendix A, "Analysis of American Community Survey Energy Cost Estimates" for more details.
IX
Figure R-VIII shows the median
household incomes for the region
and the six most populous
communities along with housing and
energy costs.6 The lowest median
household income in the region is
$23,929 in Koyuk, and the highest
median income is $69,522, found in
Nome. Considering only the six most
populous communities, median
household incomes range between
$26,000 in Gambell and $69,522 in
Nome.
Figure R-VIII: Annual ACS Median Income and Housing
Costs vs. AKWarm Energy Costs by Community
$120,000
$100,000
ACS Median Income
ACS Annual Housing Costs
AkWarm Annual Energy Costs
$80,000
$60,000
$40,000
$20,000
$0
Bering
Straits
Nome
Unalakleet Gambell Savoonga Shishmaref Stebbins
X
Community, Regional, and Statewide Housing Characteristics
This ANCSA region summary only includes the highlights of housing characteristics at the ANCSA regional level. A detailed data profile with
charts and tables for this region follows. The 2014 Alaska Housing Assessment provides a significant amount of data and analysis at statewide,
ANCSA region, census area, and community levels. This assessment provides a statewide analysis of housing characteristics, how they compare
to national numbers, and the estimated housing needs. Within the 2014 Alaska Housing Assessment, written summaries are available for each
individual ANCSA region and census area, and data profiles are available for each community and census area characterizing the housing stock
from the perspective of community, overcrowding, energy and affordability. These different tiers of information and analysis allow researchers,
housing authorities, policymakers and others to generate answers to specific questions. For a detailed discussion of estimating housing need
and comparison of methods to previous Housing Assessments, see Appendix B, "Statewide Need Assessment” of the 2014 Alaska Housing
Assessment.
XI
ACS
ARIS
CEN
MIX
How To Interpret the Profile
A
ACS
ARIS
ARIS
CEN
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
ANCSA Region Profile for:
Climate Zone (Heating Degree Day Range)
Zone 8 (12,600 - 16,800 HDD)
COMMUNITY - Bering Straits Native Corporation
Constructed Units
Figure R1: Existing Housing by Decade Built
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
1,013
1,073
CEN
10,000
9,492
9,500
751
9,196
9,000
387
265
8,288
8,500
217
196
8,000
73
7,500
Pre- 1940s
1940s
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
Existing housing units by decade built
Figure R3: Trends in Housing Unit Size
1990s
3,000
1,200
2,500
1,000
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
1970s
Houses Lacking Complete
Plumbing or Kitchen Facilities
Lack complete plumbing
Lack complete kitchen
Anchorage municipality
1980s
Households
Number
Percent
565
21%
482
18%
Estimated Total Annual Community Space Heating Fuel Use
Fuel Oil
2,218,556
(gallons)
Natural Gas
(ccf)
Electricity
1,216,663
(kWh)
Wood
4,798
(cords)
Propane
(gallons)
Coal
(tons)
Bering Straits Native Corp
1990s
Figure R4: Housing Completing an
AHFC Energy Program after 2007
ARIS
400
200
0
Pre1940s
BEES Certified
Avg Annual Energy Cost with
PCE
Avg Annual Energy Cost
without PCE
Housing Need Indicators
Overcrowded
Housing cost burdened
1 Star Homes
2010
600
National
2000s
2000
800
Bering Straits Native
Corporation
1990
2000- 2011
MIX
# housing units
Square footage
Figure R2: Population
ACS
1940s
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
Existing housing by decade built
Rebate & Wx Completions
$7,901
$9,149
Number
% Occupied Housing
of units
616
22%
572
21%
686
25%
Rated but Unmodified
1990s
20002011
Untouched housing
Weatherization Retrofits
(funding
increased 2008)
Date Range
Units
2008-2011
165
2003-2007
85
1990-2002
535
Housing Stock Estimates
All Housing
All Occupied Housing
All Vacant housing
Vacant Housing for Sale or Rent
Number of Units
3,975
2,756
1,219
241
1 of 4
OVERCROWDING & VENTILATION - Bering Straits Native Corporation
Figure R5: Overcrowded Units
Figure R6: Housing Occupancy
ACS
Overcrowded: 308
Other Vacant:
695
Vacant,
recreational:
284
Severely
overcrowded: 308
MIX
Renteroccupied:
1,297
Vacant, for
rent: 211
Occupied, Not
overcrowded:
2,140
Figure R7: Average Air-Tightness of
Current Homes by Decade Built
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
Pre1940s
1940s
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
20002004
Pre1940s
2005 or
later
1950s
% Heat Recovery
ARIS
ARIS
700
1950s
1990s
20002004
2005 or
later
% Non-Continuous
ARIS
ARIS
Insufficient Data
500
400
300
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
% Low Risk
1980s
# Units at High Risk
100
1940s
1970s
Figure R10: Quantity of Housing Stock at High Risk of
Moisture and Air Quality Problems
200
Pre1940s
1960s
% Continuous
600
Insufficient Data
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1940s
Air-tightness (ACH50)
2012 BEES Requirement
Figure R9: Percent of Housing Stock at High Risk of
Moisture and Air Quality Problems
ARIS
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Note: Higher numbers
indicate leakier homes
20.0
Figure R8: Existing Ventilation Type by Decade Built
ARIS
Insufficient Data
ACH @ 50 pascals
25.0
Owneroccupied:
1,459
Vacant, for
sale: 30
% High Risk
20002004
2005 or
later
0
Pre1940s
1940s
1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s
20002011
2 of 4
OVERALL
Pre- 1940
1940- 49
1950- 59
1960- 69
1970- 79
1980- 89
1990- 99
2000- 2004
2005 or later
EUI (kBTUs / SF / YR)
350
# of
AkWarm
Records
351
27
15
5
44
77
61
51
57
15
Figure R11: Current Average Energy Use Intensity and
Average Square Footage by Decade Built
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Pre1940s
1940s
EUI
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
Avg. EUI
(kBTUS /SF)
195
302
225
132
243
228
133
163
100
170
Avg. ECI
$8.82
$13.37
$10.89
$6.49
$13.15
$9.41
$6.38
$6.24
$4.95
$4.70
Avg. Home
Heating Index
10.6
18.0
12.1
6.9
13.0
13.0
6.5
8.9
3.9
10.2
Figure R12: Percent of Total Residential Space Heating
Energy by Fuel Type
ARIS
ARIS
Wood
23%
Square Footage
Current Residential
Units by Year Built
ENERGY - Bering Straits Native Corporation
Current Bering Straits Native Corporation Housing Energy Characteristics By Decade Built
Avg Annual Energy / End Use (million Btus)
Avg Energy
Avg. Annual
Avg. Annual
Avg Energy Rating Avg Sq.
Rating
Energy Cost (with
Energy Use
Points
Feet
Space Heating
DHW
Appliances
Stars
PCE)
(million BTUs)
58.3
$7,901
182
130
24
26
2-star
1,136
32.1
$11,792
259
215
1-star
1,006
22
23
43.6
$8,533
182
133
1-star plus
849
23
25
60.9
NR
200
151
22
27
2-star plus
1,523
32.9
$6,725
133
100
1-star
715
12
21
54.3
$7,112
171
127
2-star
897
19
25
69.9
$8,000
168
114
3-star
1,284
31
24
65.0
$7,165
180
128
2-star plus
1,237
21
25
86.2
$7,129
144
74
4-star plus
1,435
41
29
64.5
$11,723
449
330
56
62
2-star plus
2,325
Electricity
1%
Fuel Oil
76%
20002011
Square Footage
Current Bering Straits Native Corporation Housing Envelope Characteristics By Decade Built
Current Residential
Units by Year Built
OVERALL
Pre- 1940
1940- 49
1950- 59
1960- 69
1970- 79
1980- 89
1990- 99
2000- 2004
2005 or later
# of
AkWarm
Records
351
27
15
5
44
77
61
51
57
15
BEES 2009 - Climate Zone 8
BEES 2012 - Climate Zone 8
Above Grade Wall Below Grade Wall Above Grade Floor
R
R
R
ACH 50
Ceiling R
10.2
19.7
14.4
NR
12.2
10.7
7.5
8.4
3.4
2.2
16
9
10
NR
9
16
28
35
38
42
14
7
14
NR
12
14
18
19
23
6
7
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
7.0
4.0
38
48
30
30
15
15
On Grade Floor R
Below Grade Floor R
Door U
Garage
Door U
Window
U
20
14
23
NR
12
17
30
34
37
37
3
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
3
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
0.51
0.49
0.60
NR
0.72
0.55
0.39
0.55
0.25
0.34
0.51
0.49
0.60
NR
0.72
0.55
0.39
0.55
0.25
0.34
0.61
0.62
0.68
NR
0.81
0.66
0.51
0.54
0.36
0.69
38
38
15
15
15
15
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
3 of 4
AFFORDABILITY - Bering Straits Native Corporation
Figure R13: Average Annual Home Energy Cost and Use
$8,000
MIX
300
$7,901
258
250
Energy Costs ($)
$7,000
182
$6,000
200
$5,000
150
$4,000
$2,786
$3,000
91
$2,129
$2,000
100
50
$1,000
$-
Energy Concumption (Millions of
BTUs)
$9,000
Housing Information
All-occupied
Owner-occupied
Renter-occupied
Avg Household Size
(# of people)
3.3
3.7
2.9
0
Bering Straits Native Corporation Anchorage municipality
Median value of owner-occupied house with
mortgage
$171,800
Median value of owner-occupied house
without a mortgage
$93,700
National
Median Household Income
Housing Units
Annual Household Income
$
52,435
All-occupied
$
50,244
Renter-occupied
$
58,274
Owner-occupied
$
91,855
w/ mortgage
$
41,780
w/o mortgage
Median Housing Costs
Monthly
All-occupied
$
855
Gross rent
$
1,003
Owner-occupied
$
736
Housing units w/ mortgage
$
1,281
Housing units w/out a mortgage
$
472
Avg % of Median Income Spent on Energy
Annual
10,260
12,036
8,832
15,372
5,664
15.1%
Figure R15: Number of Cost-Burdened Housing Units
ACS
Figure R14: Affordability - Housing Costs
as a Percent of Income
$
$
$
$
$
ACS
700
100%
600
80%
60%
40%
% with costs <20%
500
% with costs 20.0 -24.9%
400
% with costs 25.0 - 29.9%
300
% with costs 30.0 - 34.9%
20%
% with costs 35% or more
0%
Overall
With
Mortgage
W/o
Mortgage
Rental
# with costs 30.0 - 34.9%
# with costs 35% or more
200
100
0
Overall
With Mortgage W/o Mortgage
Rental
4 of 4

Bering Straits Native Corporation ANCSA Region

Transcription

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