Disclosures Learning Objectives Top Three “Hand on the Doorknob
Transcription
Disclosures Learning Objectives Top Three “Hand on the Doorknob
5/27/2014 Advanced Female Sexual Anatomy: Tips and Skills to Support Your Patient’s Sexual Health Disclosures • Advisory Board – Teva; ParaGard, LeCette – Actavis; Levosert IUD in development • Trainer/speakers’ Bureau Patty Cason MS, FNP-BC Assistant Clinical Professor UCLA School of Nursing Learning Objectives • Explain the health benefits of addressing sexual function • List 4 cornerstones to sexual health • Discuss Di 2 methods th d for f strengthening t th i the pelvic muscle Sexual Preference Neutral This presentation is meant to apply to any variation of partnership and pairing – Teva;ParaGard – Merck; Nexplanon, Gardasil, NuvaRing, Contraception – Bayer; Mirena, Skyla Top Three “Hand on the Doorknob” Questions • “I don't know if I've ever had an orgasm orgasm” • “Will I become dependent on my vibrator?” • “I have no sex drive. Is there a pill that will help?” Best Site http://www.the-clitoris.com 1 5/27/2014 Size Uterus Urethral Sponge Shaft of Clitoris (G-Spot) (Body or Corpus) Bladder Head of Clitoris Vaginal Canal Anal Canal Legs of Clitoris (Crus/Crura) Vestibular Bulbs Perineal Sponge Erect Penis Erect Clitoris • Range: 4 to 26 cm • (1.5 to 10.2 inches) • Mean length: – 14.15 14 15 cm (5.57 (5 57 inches) • Mean circumference: – 12.23 cm (4.81 • inches) Herbenick D. J Sex Med 2014. Pudendal Nerve External Genitalia Clitoris Vestibular Bulbs Outer Aspect Urethral Sponge Top Layers of Muscle Deeper Muscles Vagina Anus Deeper Aspect of Urethral Sponge Perineal Sponge Bladder Range of total: 10-20 cm (4 to 7.9 inches) – Length of body: 2 to 4 cm (0.8 to 1.6 inches) – Length of crura: 5 to 9 cm (2 to 3.5 inches) – Length: Bulbs: 3 to 7 cm (1.2 to 2.8 inches) Width:1 to 2 cm (0.39 to 0.79 inches) Pelvic Nerve © Center for the Intimate Arts 2010 © Center for the Intimate Arts 2010 We Believe Passionately in: We Believe Passionately in: • Safer Sex • Protecting our patients from: – Sexually transmitted infections – Unplanned U l d pregnancy – Intimate partner violence – Cervical cancer • Condoms • Condoms 2 5/27/2014 A Gentle Shift in Paradigm • Every day, we see all the bad effects from having sex • It iis natural t l tto start t t tto thi think… k …Sex is reallyy bad! “It’s better just to avoid having sex” Condoms Are Great But So Is Semen • Females having sex without condoms were less depressed • Depression scores ↑ as the amount of time since their last sexual encounter ↑. ↑ • Semen may antagonize depression symptoms. • Exposure to sperm may offer protection against development of preeclampsia. Oxytocin • Released during physical intimacy -from warm touch to sexual arousal and orgasm • Related to lower stress reactivity • Lower pain sensitivity • Faster wound healing • Relaxation Einarsson JI. Am J Ostet Gynecol. 2003. S.A. Robertson et al. Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 2003. Gallup GG. Arch Sex Behav. 2002. Having Satisfying Sex: • • • • • • • Keeps vaginas plush Is good for relationships Makes people happier Supports immune function Alleviates menstrual cramps Decreases stress and insomnia Improves headaches Davison SL. J Sex Med 2009. Peleg-Sagy. J Sex Med 2013. NAMS. Menopause. 2013. Atlantis E. J Sex Med 2012. Sprecher S, et al. The Handbook of Sexuality in Close Relationships.2004. Leiblum S. JAMA. 1983. Orgasmic Sex: • Extends lifespan • Is excellent for cardiovascular health – no increase in risk of strokes – protection from fatal coronary events • Frequent orgasm is protective against mortality for females Ebrahim S et al. J Epidemiol Community Health 2002.Seldin DR. Pers Ind Dif. 2002. Davey Smith G. BMJ. 1997. Palmore EB. Gerontologist. 1982. Davey Smith G. Int J Epidemiol. 2010. Bassett R. Can J Aging. 2007. Gavrilova N. BMJ 2010. Drory Y. Eur Heart J Supp 2002. Buettner D. The Blue Zones:National Geographic Society, 2008 3 5/27/2014 Cornerstones to Sexual Health Sex Promotes world peace Tantric Wisdom Cornerstones to Sexual Health Prioritization Prioritization Pelvic muscles Sexual Health Sexual agency Self knowledge “Sex Positive” Attitude • Appreciation that sex is a healthy activity • Good sex increases libido • Prioritization of consistent sexual practice Sexual Health Cornerstone to Sexual Health 4 5/27/2014 How often? How often should you eat, sleep or exercise? Whatever your baseline, increasing to more frequent q orgasmic g sex is beneficial Having more sex increases libido An orgasm a day keeps p the doctor away Cornerstones to Sexual Health Sexual Health Self knowledge Self Knowledge • Awareness of subjective erotic and sexual sensations. • Fluency in the language of one’s own arousal. Cornerstone to Sexual Health Shaft of Clitoris (Body or Corpus) Head of Clitoris (Glans) Urethral Sponge (G-Spot) Legs of Clitoris Vestibular Bulbs (Crus/Crura) (Clitoral Bulbs) Vaginal Opening Perineal Sponge © Center for the Intimate Arts 5 5/27/2014 Coherence • Concordance between perception of genital response and actual genital sexual arousal • The ability to accurately perceive physiological changes Chivers ML. Arch Sex Behav 2010 • Intentionally redirect attention to physical sexual cues and genital sensations • Audiovisual sexual stimuli engages a greater number of sensory channels, recruiting greater attention to different sexual responses and cues Prause N. J Sex Med 2013. Cornerstones to Sexual Health Sexual Health Coherence: To Increase Sexual Response Sexual agency “Sexual Agency” The ability to say: – “yes” – “no” The e ab ability ty to to: – Initiate sexual interaction – Explain (or show) what one likes – and ask for it effectively (positive positive feedback feedback) Cornerstone to Sexual Health Communicate Lubricate “Any sexual problem on earth can be resolved with some combination of communication and lubrication” Herbenick D, et al. J Sex Med 2011. Jozkowski KN, et al. J Sex Med 2013. Kelly MP, et al. J Sex Marital Ther 2006. Consider a Contract “If you can get me aroused, I’m all for it!!” • Both partners agree that if one of them has the motivation and bravery to initiate a sexual encounter, the other one will (at least) give it a try try. • It doesn’t mean that they will always have sex, or the kind of sex the initiator intended • But the initiator can expect their partner will be open to the idea • Fear of rejection is a huge turn-off 6 5/27/2014 Cornerstones to Sexual Health Pelvic muscles Pelvic Muscles Sexual Health Daily Exercise or Physical Activity Cornerstone to Sexual Health • Awareness of, control over, and strength in pelvic muscles – Pubococcygeal muscles – Pelvic floor Aschkenazi SO. Expert Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2009. Bortz WM. West J Med. 1999. Kim HN, et al. J Sex Med 2013. Cornerstone to Sexual Health • Aerobic • Yoga • Dance Aschkenazi SO. Expert Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2009. Bortz WM. West J Med. 1999. Kim HN, et al. J Sex Med 2013. Control Of Pelvic Muscles: • Relax to facilitate initial penetration • Contract around her erectile tissue to increase stimulation • Tighten Ti ht t control to t l the th ““pounding” di ” sensation from deep thrusting (i.e. deep dyspareunia with retroflexed uterus) – ICD 9: 625.0 © Center for the Intimate Arts 2010 ICD 10: F52.6 Franklin E. Pelvic Power: 2002. Herderschee, et al. Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2011. 7 5/27/2014 Train Voluntary Pelvic Muscle Control Biofeedback • Trains voluntary pelvic muscle control • Uses external adhesive electrodes : • Biofeedback • Digital feedback from clinician • Physical therapy – On the vulvar/perineal /p skin – On the abdomen, thighs, buttocks – +/- a vaginal probe • As a patient contracts the correct muscles, it is displayed on a monitor. Herderschee, et al. Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2011. Herderschee, et al. Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2011. In the Office “Feedback” Clinician Exam Kegals • At first, the patient may only be able to hold the contraction for 1-2 sec • The muscles are slowly tightened, and held for 5-10 5 10 sec • Progress slowly over a period of weeks to a goal of 10 second holds, 10-20 second rests between holds • Can she contract? • How strong is the contraction? • How long can she hold it? – This Thi ttells ll you where h tto advise d i h her tto start in her home exercises • Is she also tensing her thighs, buttocks or abdominal muscles? • Return prn or in 5-6 weeks to re-check Times When Sexuality Needs Extra Support Kaschak E, Tiefer L. Binghampton, NY: The Haworth Press, Inc., 2001. ASK--Offer Help Adolescence Postpartum Post op; particularly breast or gyn surgery Patients with medical issues; on medication, cancer • Infertility • Major life events; financial, death, relationship • Perimenopause/Menopause • • • • 8 5/27/2014 Standard Operating Procedures Have Referrals Available For: • • • • • • • Individual therapy Couples therapy Sex therapy Nearby sex store Books, instructional videos On-line resources Intimate partner violence Evidence-based guidelines for management of sexual issues. • • • • Taking T ki a sexuall hi history t Desire Arousal Orgasm January 2013 International Society for Sexual Medicine (ISSM) Journal of Sexual Medicine Sexual Debut • Ask directly if she has had an orgasm yet • Open ended questions about sexual behaviors • Let her know that most women learn how to h have an orgasm by b masturbating t b ti or with ith a partner’s hand, mouth or both Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Reproductive Health Safety cards can be ordered from: www.futureswithoutviolence.org/onlinestore URL link to short PSA video on You Tube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W6wqUuN8J0k&feature=player_embedded ©2011 Futures Without Violence Formerly Family Violence Prevention Fund Guttmacher Institute January 2010. Reyna VF. Scientific American Mind. 2007. Powell K. Nature. 2006. Jannini EA et al. J Sex Med 2012. ©2011 Futures Without Violence ICD 9: V61.11 ICD 10: Z69.11 52 “I don't know if I've ever had an orgasm” ICD 9: 302.73 ICD 10: F52.31 • Outline a plan • If she has a partner, help her or th them determine d t i a strategy t t ffor intimacy during her “program” 9 5/27/2014 Tips • • • • Contract her pelvic muscles Move her pelvis Bear down Move her head or feet Pre-orgasmic→Orgasmic • Let her know that the “self critic” is hovering around • Distraction is worse with a partner • But even when a woman is all alone her distraction can prevent orgasm M Cuntim, et al. Sexologies 2011. Pre-orgasmic→Orgasmic • Let her know that the “self critic” is hovering around • Distraction is worse with a partner • But even when a woman is all alone her distraction can prevent orgasm M Cuntim, et al. Sexologies 2011. © Center for the Intimate Arts 2010 10 5/27/2014 Will I Become Dependent on My Vibrator? Your “nerve pathways” will learn how to go from A-Z. You can use a vibrator with a partner. Orgasmic • Once she can have an orgasm by herself → “Show and tell” her partner • If she h elects l t penetration→ t ti add dd external stimulation as needed Toxic toys • The smell test; chemical or plastic smell • Non-porous – 100% silicone ili – glass – surgical steel – sealed ceramics – medical-grade plastics Coital Alignment Physiologic alignment to: • Provide consistent and effective stimulation for female coital orgasm • Make M k clitoral lit l contact t t possible ibl during d i coitus • Coital alignment Aaron PP. Sex & Marital Therapy, 2000. Eichel EW. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy 1988 The Position “Riding high” variation of the missionary posture Pressure-Counterpressure The critical factor for female coital orgasm is a woman’s pelvic mobility • Stimulus applied in coordination • Male M l pubic bi b bone and db base off penis i rubs against the clitoral complex • Female moves pelvis to control the “upstroke” • Male applies pressure on the “downstroke” 11 5/27/2014 © Center for the Intimate Arts 2010 Care of the vulva/perineum © Center for the Intimate Arts 2010 No Products • Wash with water after urinating or defecating • Hand held shower sprayer • Non-alcohol N l h lh hypo-allergenic ll i b baby b wipe if no access to water • No soap, body wash, body creams • No residue of detergent or fabric softener on underwear Natural Beauty Cleansing Bar “I have no sex drive. Is there a pill that will help?” ICD 9: 302.71 •pH of 4.5 •No soap or detergent •Made by Nature’s Plus ICD 10: R68.82 Ask for more information: • Any pain? • Relationship issues? • Life stressors? • Does she get aroused when she has sex? • Does she have an orgasm? 12 5/27/2014 Good Sex Increases Libido • No medication approved by FDA • Bibliotherapy LB Mintz AM, et al. J Couns Psychol 2012. Placebo is Best 40% or more of women improved significantly after a placebo intervention Bibliotherapy • The intervention group read a self-help book “A Tired Woman's Guide to Passionate Sex” utilizing a cognitive behavioral treatment program • Significant increase in sexual desire arousal domain and total scores of the FSFI LB Mintz AM, et al. J Couns Psychol 2012. Flibanserin • Hypothysis: – Dopamine and norepinephrine are excitatory factors – Serotonin has inhibitory effects • Flibanserin works on 5-HT receptors to – regulate levels of dopamine and norepinephrine – induce transient decreases in serotonin • Significant improvement in the number of SSE and sexual desire vs. placebo • FDA denied approval Bradford A. Listening to placebo in clinical trials for female sexual dysfunction. J Sex Med; 2013:10;451-459 INTIMATE Trials Testosterone Patch Katz M, et al. J Sex Med 2013. PDE-5 Inhibitors For Women? • PDE-5 inhibitors do increase genital blood flow • Did not increase desire or arousal >placebo • PDE-5 inhibitors may help sexual issues with onset after starting an SSRI Simon JA. Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005. Buster JE. Obstet Gynecol 2005. Davis SR. J Sex Med 2012. Nurnberg HG. JAMA 2008. 13 5/27/2014 Bupropion • Nondepressed pts: improved arousal* and desire bupropion > placebo • SSRI antidepressants can ↓ desire/orgasm • Bupropion works differently than SSRIs • May be a good option for women with depression who are concerned about or have sexual side effects on SSRIs • More study needed *ICD 9: 302.71 …Advanced Questions • “What is the G spot?” • “Is female ejaculation real?” • “Does (male) circumcision decrease sensation?” ti ?” • “Is there a difference between a clitoral and a vaginal orgasm?” ICD 10: F22.22 Safarinejad MR. BJU Int 2010. The Medical Letter. 2010. Clayton AH. J Clin Psychiatry 2004. Moll JL. J Sex Med 2011. Basson R. N Engl J Med 2006. Female Ejaculation • Fluid expulsions are not typically a part of female orgasm. • The prevalence of FE is 10–54%. • The Th fluid fl id may originate i i t from f the th vagina, urinary bladder, female prostate, or from a combination of these sources. “With permission, from A New View of A Woman’s Body by the Federation of Feminist Women’s Health Centers.” Illustrations by Suzann Gage. Fluid Expulsions Pastor Z. Female ejaculation orgasm vs. coital incontinence: A systematic review. J Sex Med 2013;10:1682–1691 Female Ejaculation Orgasm vs. Coital Incontinence: A Systematic Review 1 mL to 900 mL Female Ejaculation A smaller quantity of whitish secretions from the female prostate Squirting A larger amount of diluted and changed urine Both phenomena may occur simultaneously. The Journal of Sexual Medicine Volume 10, Issue 7, pages 1682-1691, 1 MAY 2013 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12166 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jsm.12166/full#jsm12166-fig-0001 14 5/27/2014 Coital Incontinence Circumcision • The prevalence of CI is 0.2–66%. • Penetration incontinence occurs more frequently and is usually caused by stress urinary incontinence (SUI) (SUI). • Urodynamic diagnoses of detrusor overactivity (DOA) and SUI are observed in orgasmic incontinence. The highest-quality studies suggest that medical male circumcision has no adverse effect on sexual function, sensitivity sexual sensation, sensitivity, sensation or satisfaction. Pastor Z. Female ejaculation orgasm vs. coital incontinence: A systematic review. J Sex Med 2013;10:1682–1691 Future? Testosterone plus: • PDE-5 inhibitors • Medications affecting: dopamine, norepinephrine i h i &/ &/or serotonin t i Morris BJ. J Sex Med 2013 Fun Video http://www.ted.com/talks/mary_roach _10_things_you_didn_t_know_about_ orgasm.html Poels S, et al. J Sex Med 2013. van Rooij K, et al. J Sex Med 2013. Bloemers J et al. J Sex Med 2013. QUESTIONS Expanded Content 15 5/27/2014 Dyspareunia: Whom to Ask Any woman who is: • Perimenopausal • Postpartum • On DMPA • Post op for gyn surgery or breast CA surgery • Complaining of pelvic pain • Postmenopausal Dyspareunia: What to Ask Arousal? Orgasm? Pain in vulvar or vaginal area— examine when asking/showing Is the pain with deep thrusting? New or long standing? Related to a certain partner? What else is going on in her life? Dyspareunia Introital or Vaginal Introital or Vaginal Problem: Solution: Problem: Solution: Fissure– look closely No penetration until healed Lubrication; consider albolene If chronic evaluate further Atrophic changes Lubricant, Luvena, Topical estrogen Anatomic: endometriosis implant, implant vaginal septum, hymenal restriction, vaginal stricture Repair surgery Repair, surgery, tx endometriosis Vulvar pain syndrome: vestibulodynia, tib l d i vulvodynia, l d i pudendal neuralgia Complex solutions: rx, refer to a specialist, i li t physical h i l th therapy, biofeedback, consider myofacial origin s/p episiotomy or laceration scar +/- granulation tissue/polyp Ablation/silver nitrate, massage Lichen sclerosis, lichen planus, Biopsy; evaluate, topical steroid rx s/p vaginal surgery check for mesh exposure, suture material, granulation tissue, fistula, adhesions Withagen MI, Vierhout ME, Hendriks JC, Kluivers KB, Milani AL. Risk Factors for Exposure, Pain and Dyspareunia After Tension-Free Vaginal Mesh Procedure. Obstet Gynecol. 2011; 118(3): 629-636 Edwards L. Vulvar fissures: causes and therapy. Dermatol Therapy. 2004;17(1):111–6. Vaginitis Tx as appropriate Inadequate lubrication or arousal Add lubrication +/or address arousal issue Deep Problem: Solution: Endometriosis, adenomyosis OCP, DMPA, LNG IUS, GnRH agonist, androgen, aromatase inhibitor Retroverted/flexed uterus Relaxed musculature Patient education; Pelvic muscle strengthening, select coital position S/P pelvic surgery Assess orgasmic response, check for complications Pelvic or rectal mass; cyst, tumor, fibroid, adhesions Assessment and treatment Interstitial cystitis, IBS, IBD, diverticulitis, PID, UTI Assessment and treatment Inadequate lubrication or arousal Add lubrication +/or address arousal issue Pregnancy Falcone T, Lebovic DI. Clinical Management of Endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol. 2011; 118(3): 691-705 Basson R. Clinical Updates in Women’s Health Care: Sexuality and Sexual Disorders. ACOG 2003;11(2):22-32. 16 5/27/2014 Discuss • Anatomic, physiologic, and sexual changes common in pregnancy. • Likelihood that it is safe to continue sexual activity through pregnancy pregnancy. • Perineal massage to minimize perineal trauma. • Evaluate for depression. Postpartum Leeman L. Sex After Childbirth Postpartum Sexual Function. Obstet Gynecol 2012;119:647–55. “Since the baby was born our sex life is non-existent” • Chronic loss of sleep • Abundant close physical contact from newborn • Overwhelmed, Overwhelmed no time • Postpartum depression • Major shift in family dynamics • 50% will be post op Leeman L. Sex After Childbirth Postpartum Sexual Function. Obstet Gynecol 2012;119:647–55. Assess • Symptoms of urinary or anal incontinence. – Pelvic floor strengthening • Mood changes. • Perineal lacerations/repair. • Consider mode of delivery. Breastfeeding • • • • • Breastfeeding ↑ prolactin, ↑ oxytocin ↓ estrogens ↓ progesterone Vagina can be like post-menopause Often diminished drive Can be arousing in up to ½ of women Avery MD, Duckett L, Frantzich CR. The experience of sexuality during breastfeeding among primiparous women. J Midwifery Womens Health 2000;45:227–37. 17 5/27/2014 Breastfeeding • Arousal feelings may make some women uncomfortable. • Uterine contractions with orgasm → “milk milk eject”/”letdown” eject / letdown reflex. reflex – Nurse before sex • Discussion to normalize these responses. Encourage • • • • Communication. Making time for intimacy. Adding lubricant. Increase sexual activity as tolerated. tolerated – Without breast play • More partner involvement. – getting up to bring the newborn into the bed for feedings • Rest is very sexy. Medicalization of Female Sexual Function/FSD Kaschak E, Tiefer L. A New View of Women's Sexual Problems. Binghampton, NY: The Haworth Press, Inc., 2001. Does … Kaschak E, Tiefer L. A New View of Women's Sexual Problems. Binghampton, NY: The Haworth Press, Inc., 2001. Bancroft J. The medicalization of female sexual dysfunction: the need for caution. Arch Sex B e hav 2002;31(5):451-455 Sexual problems due to sociocultural, political or economic factors A. Ignorance and anxiety due to inadequate sex education, lack of access to health services, or other social constraints 1. Lack of vocabulary to describe subjective or physical experience 2. Lack of information about human sexual biology and life stage changes 3. Lack of information about how gender roles influence men’s and women’s sexual expectations, beliefs, and behaviors 4. Inadequate access to information and services for contraception and abortion, STD prevention, and treatment, sexual trauma, and IPV Kaschak E, Tiefer L. A New View of Women's Sexual Problems. Binghampton, NY: The Haworth Press, Inc., 2001. Sexual problems due to sociocultural, political or economic factors B. Sexual avoidance or distress due to perceived inability to meet cultural norms regarding correct or ideal sexuality including: sexuality, 1. Anxiety or shame about one’s body, sexual attractiveness, or sexual responses 2. Confusion or shame about one’s sexual orientation or identity , or about sexual fantasies and desires. Kaschak E, Tiefer L. A New View of Women's Sexual Problems. Binghampton, NY: The Haworth Press, Inc., 2001. 18 5/27/2014 Sexual problems due to sociocultural, political or economic factors C. Inhibitions due to conflict between the sexual norms of one one’s s subculture or culture of origin and those of the dominant culture D. Lack of interest, fatigue, or lack of time due to family and work obligations Sexual problems relating to partner and relationship A. Inhibition, avoidance, or distrust arising from betrayal, dislike or fear of partner, partner’s abuse or couple’s unequal power, or arising from partner’s negative pattern of communication B. Discrepancies in desire for sexual activity or in preference for various sexual activities C. Ignorance or inhibition about communicating preferences or initiating, pacing, or shaping sexual activities Kaschak E, Tiefer L. A New View of Women's Sexual Problems. Binghampton, NY: The Haworth Press, Inc., 2001. Sexual problems relating to partner and relationship Sexual problems due to psychological factors D. Loss of sexual interest and reciprocity as a result of conflicts over commonplace issues such as money, schedules, or relatives or resulting from traumatic experiences such as infertility or the death of a child E. Inhibitions on arousal or spontaneity due to partner’s health status or sexual problems A. Sexual aversion, mistrust, or inhibition of sexual pleasure due to: Kaschak E, Tiefer L. A New View of Women's Sexual Problems. Binghampton, NY: The Haworth Press, Inc., 2001. Kaschak E, Tiefer L. A New View of Women's Sexual Problems. Binghampton, NY: The Haworth Press, Inc., 2001. Sexual problems due to psychological factors B. Sexual inhibition due to fear of sexual acts or of their possible consequences, e.g., pain during intercourse pregnancy intercourse, pregnancy, STD STD, loss of partner, loss of reputation 1. Past experiences of physical. Sexual or emotional abuse 2. General personality problems with attachment, rejection, co-operation, or entitlement 3. Depression or anxiety Sexual problems due to medical factors A. Pain or lack of physical response during sexual B. activity despite a supportive and safe C. interpersonal situation, adequate sexual D. knowledge, and positive sexual attitudes. Kaschak E, Tiefer L. A New View of Women's Sexual Problems. Binghampton, NY: The Haworth Press, Inc., 2001. 19 5/27/2014 Sexual decline post partum • The highest-quality studies suggest that medical male circumcision has no adverse effect on sexual function, sensitivity sexual sensation, sensitivity, sensation or satisfaction. • perinatal depression/anxiety disorders • mother's age and previous miscarriages In relation to age, miscarriages. age the older the mother the higher is the risk for sexual decline. Faisal-Cury A. The Relationship Between Depressive/Anxiety Symptoms During Pregnancy/Postpartum and Sexual Life Decline after Delivery. J Sex Med 2013;10(5):1343–1349 Morris BJ, Krieger JN. Does male circumcision affect sexual function, sensitivity, or satisfaction?—A systematic review. J Sex Med 2013;10:2644–2657 References/Bibliography • • • • • • Chivers ML, Seto MC, Lalumière ML, Laan E, Grimbos T. Agreement of self-reported and genital measures of sexual arousal among men and women: A meta-analysis. Arch Sex Behav 2010;39:5–56 Prause N, et al. Instructions to rate genital vasocongestion increases genital and self-reported sexual arousal but not coherence between genital and self-reported sexual arousal. J Sex Med 2013;10:2219– 2231. Shih C, Cold CJ, and Yang CC. Cutaneous corpuscular receptors of the human glans clitoris: Descriptive characteristics and comparison with the glans penis. J Sex Med 2013;10:1783–1789. Faisal-Cury A. The Relationship Between Depressive/Anxiety Symptoms During Pregnancy/Postpartum and Sexual Life Decline after Delivery. J Sex Med 2013;10(5):1343–1349 Ribeiro MC, et al. Treatments of female sexual dysfunction symptoms during pregnancy: A systematic review of the literature. Sex Med Rev 2014;2:1–9. Bradford A. Listening to placebo in clinical trials for female sexual dysfunction. J Sex Med; 2013:10;451-459 References/Bibliography • • • • • • References/Bibliography • • • • • • Davison SL, Bell RJ, LaChina M, Holden SL, Davis SR. The relationship between self-reported sexual satisfaction and general well-being in women. J Sex Med 2009;6:2690–2697 Peleg-Sagy T and Shahar G. The prospective associations between depression and sexual satisfaction among female medical students. J Sex Med 2013;10:1737-43 Atlantis E,, Sullivan T. Bidirectional association between depression p and sexual dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sex Med 2012;9:1497–1507. Hamilton LD and Meston CM. Chronic stress and sexual function in women. J Sex Med 2013;10:2443–2454. M Cuntim, et al. The role of cognitive distraction on female orgasm. Sexologies 2011;20:212–214. Oakley SH, et al. Innervation and histology of the clitoral-urethal complex: a cross-sectional cadaver study. J Sex Med. 2013 Sep;10(9):2211-8. Kim HN, et al. Effects of yoga on sexual function in women with metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. J Sex Med 2013;10:2741–2751. van Rooij K, et al. Toward personalized sexual medicine (part 3): Testosterone combined with a serotonin1A receptor agonist increases sexual satisfaction in women with HSDD and FSAD, and dysfunctional activation of sexual inhibitory mechanisms. J Sex Med 2013;10:824– 837. Katz M, et al. Efficacy of flibanserin in women with Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: Results from the BEGONIA trial. J Sex Med 2013;10:1807–1815. van Anders SM, et al. Exploring co-parent experiences of sexuality in the first 3 months after birth. J Sex Med 2013;10:1988–1999. Jannini EA, Whipple B, Kingsberg SA, Buisson O, Foldès P, and Vardi Y. Who's afraid of the G-spot?. J Sex Med 2010;7:25–34. LB Mintz et al. Female Bibliotherapy for low sexual desire: Evidence for effectiveness. J Couns Psychol 2012;59:471–478. References/Bibliography • • • • • • Herbenick D, et al. Association of lubricant use with women's sexual pleasure, sexual satisfaction, and genital symptoms: A prospective daily diary study. J Sex Med 2011;8:202–212. Jozkowski KN, et al. Women's perceptions about lubricant use and vaginal wetness during sexual activities. J Sex Med 2013;10:484-492. Kelly MP, et al. Behavioral assessment of couples' communication in female orgasmic g disorder. J Sex Marital Ther 2006;32:81–95. ; Kim HN, et al. Effects of yoga on sexual function in women with metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. J Sex Med 2013;10:2741–2751. Prause N, et al. Instructions to rate genital vasocongestion increases genital and self-reported sexual arousal but not coherence between genital and self-reported sexual arousal. J Sex Med 2013;10:2219– 2231. Pierce AP. The Coital Alignment Technique (CAT): An Overview of Studies, Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy;2000:26:3; 257-268 20 5/27/2014 References/Bibliography • • • • • • • Aaron PP. The Coital Alignment Technique (CAT): An Overview of Studies, Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 2000:(26):3, 257-268 Adams CG, Turner BF. 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