Cures and Charms - Poyntzpass and District Local History Society

Cures
and
Charms
By FRANKWATTERS
we
hear
about
talk
often
Now-a-days,
referred
what
is
'alternative' medicine.
Usually
or
as acupuncture
to are practices
such
another
There
herbalism.
is,
however,
business
'alternative, medicine
\ the mysterious
three
table spoonfuls
he doesn't
Unfortunately
meant
also
'recipe' for a cough mixture
following
out by Lizzie
this. It was written
illustrates
of Aughantarraghan
around
1920. It
Cassidy
was:
"Squeeze 10 lemons. Add 1 oz. cod-liver oil and
1 oz. honey. Beat well together with a fork till
a
mixed.
Bottle.
One
dose:
thoroughly
to
is
be
when
taken
cough
teaspoonful
"
troublesome
taken, or applied to the affected part. A 'charm \
on the other hand, consists
of a ritual of some
is
taken
but
there
and no treatment
sort,
nothing
as such. Often
the two are combined.
Most
I suppose,
have, at one time or
adults,
a
cure
and charm to a
administered
another,
child who has been stung by a nettle,
saying
it
like, "Don't cry. This will make
something
better!"
and rubbing the sting with a dock leaf
saying,
in and out,
"Docken, docken
Take the sting of the nettle out!"
leaf is a
Now rubbing the sting with the docken
'cure', while reciting the rhyme is a 'charm'.
Does
it actually work? Does
the juice of the
to the sting? Or is
dock leaf act as an antidote
this an example
of a situation where you don't
stand
there,
you do something?
just
In the era before modern medicine,
in
people
were
in
and
poor people
particular,
general,
?^
could be made as
for treating whitlow
"Venice turpentine 2d, castile soap 2d,
to
2 egg-whites,
2d, 2oz flour,
honey
flour
thicken. Mix to a paste and apply twice daily."
are a number of categories
There
of people
or the
or
birth
either
who,
occupation
by
to
of their lives, have, according
circumstances
are:
these
folklore,
special powers. Among
* Women
who
retain the same surname after
John Quinn around 1850:
worth of sulphur and three fardins
"onefardins
worth of cream a-tartar and half a pinte of new
milk. Put the milk on the fire and make a crud
then put the sulphur and the cream a-tartar
in it.
Skim the cruds and put them in a cup, rub it with
poet,
and warm
the whey.
l9B
A paste
follows:
left to their own devices
and, in the
to
were
of medical
forced
absence
expertise,
on
sorts
treatments.
the
of
from
all
rely
Apart
use of home-made
herbal remedies
they made
own
use.
their
for
various
concoctions
up
The following
medicine
for
home-made
recipe
is recorded
in manuscripts
written by the Acton
the fire
y^B^^Bli
Lizzie Cassidy
often
at
to cure.
The
of 'cures and charms'
While
the word
'cure' is often used to cover
both it is, perhaps
important to define
initially
I suppose
the terms
'cure' and 'charm'.
that,
a
context would
in
this
'cure'
strictly speaking,
some substance
is
refer to a treatment where
the cruds
the
of
whey."
it was
record what
marriage;
e.g.
a Miss
Murphy
married
a Mr
Murphy
*A
child born after his / her father's death, that
a boy, "who never saw his
is a child, particularly
father".
*Widows.
Take
7
POYNTZPASSAND DISTRICTLOCALHISTORY SOCIETY_
*
perhaps because
are
Our Lord,
blessed.
Blacksmiths.
*
Godparents.
*A
child bom in a cowl.
*
son of a
The
seventh
son, or the seventh
seventh son.
*Members
of certain families, e.g. McElroys
*
a cure handed down or
People who have had
given to them.
*
Royalty.
certain animals, e.g. the pig
As well as people,
or the donkey, are said to have
special powers
have
at
the
arrived
researchers
Some
are
treatments
of
the
of
that
conclusion
many
and
the
of
pre-date
coming
great antiquity
to
Ireland.
Christianity
conventional
There are certain illnesses which
so
to cure been
unable
medicine
has,
far,
in some cases, but not cure.
prevent, perhaps,
association
being
with
specially
Felix McConville
of Lenaderg,
whose mother
came from Tullydonnell,
South Armagh,
gave
me a version of the charm she used. "Take the
child to a donkey. An adult should hold up the
donkey s tail and the child pass, or be passed,
three times under the donkey's belly and round
'A
under its tail, as the adult says three times,
lagana hugana pugna, pugna hugana
lagana.'"
the words
Felix has no idea what
signify and
I have spoken to, can attach no
Irish scholars
to
them.
meaning
less elaborate
for whooping
cure,
on
to
is
'whistle
the
blade
of a knife.'
cough
in
A charm for mumps
also involves a donkey,
that the donkey's
blinkers are put on the sufferer
and he or she is led to a well or to the pigsty. If
to the latter you had to say, "Pig, pig, here are
Another,
are
and whooping
measles
cough
occur
of
this
of
which
ailment,
type
examples
in childhood,
last for
generally
predominantly
two or three weeks
and usually clear up.
This type of ailment is often the subject of a cure
or charm. Cynics would
say that the ailment will
a
last
for
limited
in any case, and
only
period,
on the
that the treatment
has no bearing
Mumps,
your
mumps!"
'stye' of a different kind is a stye in the eye, a
ailment. One cure for a
painful and unpleasant
a gold wedding
to
it
with
is
touch
stye
ring or,
Another
better still, a widow's
wedding
ring.
cure
a
involves
the use
of
thorns
from
a
ten
You
thorns
from
bush.
gooseberry
pick
one.
each
Point
of
then
discard
bush,
gooseberry
A
other than that it gives the impression
outcome,
the
that something
is being done to alleviate
condition
and that it helps to pass the time.
One cure for whooping
is 'a change of
cough
air'. This might
the 'air of a
involve breathing
us
who live on
and
for
those
of
different county'
a
the border of counties Armagh
and Down,
was
I
this
suffice.
short
walk
would
very
given
treatment when, at the age of 8 or 9,1 developed
the remaining nine thorns at the stye in turn then
throw it over your left shoulder. You may, or
may not, touch the stye with the tip of each of
the first eight thorns but you must touch it with
the ninth.
I was told another version
of the same cure:
three triple thorns from a gooseberry
bush.
them
into
thorns.
nine
Point
Separate
single
the last
it with
each thorn at the stye. Touch
thorn and say, "In the name of the Father, and of
"
Then throw the
the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.
thorn over your left shoulder.
It is believed
that a nose bleed can be cured by
a
black thread tightly round the
of
tying
piece
little finger or by holding a widow's
key to the
Pick
The
took
late Ernie Hanlon
cough.
whooping
me with him in his lorry when
to
he went
for a load of sand. I
Co Tyrone,
Coalisland,
presume the treatment worked for the whooping
the
cough cleared up and, at any rate, I enjoyed
outing.
Another
of their close
as
regarded
cure
for whooping
is to get
cough
a
woman
to
eat
surname
from
whose
something
didn't change when she got married,
e.g. aMiss
a
Mr
married
You
should get
Murphy
Murphy.
three things,
butter
and
bread,
traditionally
sugar and you should not thank her.
A more bizarre charm for
is
cough
whooping
one where
the patient, usually a child, is passed
three times over and under a
donkey. Donkeys,
back of the neck.
I remember being told when I was a youngster,
and it was certainly widely
that a cut
accepted,
in the webbing
between
the
thumb
and
was
and
could
extremely
dangerous
forefinger
cause lockjaw or cause you to bleed to death. It
is no doubt an old wives'
tale but was widely
8
_POYNTZPASS
AND DISTRICTLOCALHISTORYSOCIETY
in
can, indeed, be a problem
bleeding
Stopping
In de-homing
cattle
both humans and animals.
an animal bleeds excessively
and the
sometimes
same can happen to some people,
for example,
to a man. Another
man,
near Armagh
has also
Lexie Crozier of Lisnadil
got this cure. Attie never refused anyone. Mrs
of.
Cairns did not know what the cure consisted
cut is to put a
treatment for a bleeding
Another
In the past, locally anyone
after tooth extraction.
with a problem with bleeding would have been
as Attie had the
advised to, "go to Attie Cairns,"
cure. He belonged
to that group of people who
have had a cure given to then by another, usually
of something
cobweb on it. This is an example
that has been shown to have a scientific basis as
a cobweb has been found to be a natural source
It was believed
that there was no
of penicillin.
a scrape than to
a
or
cut
better way of cleaning
and
believed.
older,
from
a woman
let a dog lick it.
person.
are unsightly
and unpleasant
and are the
cures.
Some of the cures
subject of a great many
for warts are:
* Cut a
potato in half and rub it on the wart. As
the warts will disappear.
the potato decays
* Rub the wart with water from a blacksmith's
Warts
i.r,j/i
:^Wiliilft*
jwP1BBBBp:
MHBE^^^'MiWw
trough
* Rub the wart with a snail then
impale the snail
on a thorn. As the snail decays
the wart will
disappear.
*Wet the wart with a
fasting spit.
* Treat
stone.
with water from a hollow
* Some
wart
will
the
from
you. (The
buy
people
should be put
you get for the warts
money
where you'll never see it again.)
* Rub the wart with a coin. Leave
the coin on
the road. The finder of the coin will also get the
wart.
Am'e
* Treat with
of a
the white
juice, or milk,
dandelion.
Water
from a blacksmith's
trough was also a
cure for chilblains
and soot from the chimney
was used to clean teeth.
a
could be prevented
Toothache
by carrying
nail in your pocket,
blacksmith's
in your
The practice
of carrying
something
some
was
as
ailment
against
protection
pocket
Cairns
to Mrs Cairns,
the late Attie Cairns
According
was given the cure when he went to a man who
had a
lived near Armagh
because
he, himself,
with
the
She
doesn't
recall
problem
bleeding.
man's name but he gave the cure to Attie.
Mrs Cairns said, "It worked for both people and
animals.
often came who had cattle
People
or calving.
after dehorning
People
bleeding
cure
over
all
looked
the
from
from England,
down South and all over
would just ring up and
Sometimes
he got cards
I
work.
didn't
always
"
didn 'thave the faith.
Attie passed the cure on
In the novel
'The
a
Elliott
records
in
early
apparently
commonplace
practice,
She writes,
that at that time,
Victorian
England
"... ladies in rich silk gowns wore large pockets
to secure
in which
they carried a mutton-bone
such a
Mrs
carried
them from
cramp.
Glegg
her
inherited
had
she
bone
which
from
raw
a
in
your
potato
Carrying
grandmother..."
pocket is a said to prevent rheumatism.
cure for toothache
the
Another
is to recite
accepted.
apparently widely
on the Floss'
Mill
George
Ireland. They
Northern
ask him for the cure.
thanking him. The cure
some people
suppose
to his son Adam. People
as many
as before.
not
although
it. It is
less enthusiastic
about
unusual
in that this type of cure is
somewhat
more often passed on from a man to a woman
still come,
is
Adam
following.
9
POYNTZPASSAND DISTRICT LOCALHISTORY
SOCIETY_
As Peter sat on a marble
stone,
Jesus came up, all alone,
"Peter, Peter what makes
Saying,
"My Lord and Saviour,
The
cures
in for nine
that, "a burn goes
is
to the
also
of
great significance
days." ('Nine'
to authorities
in 'Macbeth'). According
witches
on the subject this emphasis on three and nine is
you weep?"
it is the toothache!"
late Fred Bryson
had several
cures
certainly pre-Christian.
in his eye would,
in
Anyone who got something
to contact Mrs
be
the Poyntzpass
advised
area,
Trainor. Mrs Trainor
had a charm for
Molly
etc.
from the eye. Her father,
dust
removing
was given
the cure many
Tommy
Kennedy,
an
old
called
Mrs
years
ago
by
lady
for
earache,
toothache,
piles,
jaundice and shingles. He passed them on to his
Mrs
Morton
of Killylea
Road,
daughter,
including
believed
also
Armagh.
The
poet
the
Patrick
recalled
Kavanagh
in his autobiographical
incident
following
'The Green Fool'.
novel,
one winter's
"We were
sitting round the fire
the
latch of the door was lifted
evening when
in bandages
and a head all wrapped
appeared
who
lived at the Eleven
Lane
Cunningham
Ends. One day Mrs Cunningham
said to him, "/
could give you a cure to take a mote out of your
to
(for it is thought unlucky
eye." He accepted
on
the
charm
refuse). Tommy Kennedy
passed
to his daughter Molly.
She has passed
it on to
her two nephews. The cure must be passed from
man to woman,
to man and so on. She had many
in the lamplight.
"Come inside, we called, and a man came in.
"I was
he
McElroy's,"
looking for Harry
explained.
"I was just thinking as much," my mother
said.
"On yer head ye have it, God bless it."
"On me head it is," he agreed.
The man had erysipelas,
known as
popularly
was
'the rose'. Any person
named McElroy
to
to
cure
be
able
the
disease
by
supposed
the afflicted
part. Harry
McElroy
touching
to make
being the only one of the name willing
- had a
the cure -it was considered
unlucky
to fill any doctor with
large enough
practice
from England
and in recent
occasionally
a
number
from
the
USA
and
years
phoning
Canada. Griffith Wylie
told me the following:
a number of years ago, while I
"One evening,
still had the grocer's
Street,
shop in Railway
to go up to Church
I
had
occasion
Poyntzpass,
callers,
Street
time.
Some
just
closing
before
on at Billy Corbett's
were going
renovations
on the roof. As I
shop and men were working
was going round the corner I glanced
up to see
what they were doing. Just at that moment a gust
of wind blew a shower of dust off the roof and,
as luck would have it, some of it got into my eye.
It was extremely painful. When I got back to the
the Mucker
Road
envy. As his house lay along
we had many callers
the
Some
way.
of
inquiring
these people came twenty miles..."
I don't know
if any McElroys
in this area or
on
cure.
cure for
elsewhere
this
Another
carry
use
stones
nine
involved
the
of
erysipelas
A person bom after the death of his or her father
is said to have the cure for thrush. The late Mrs
had
Josie Carson of Church Street, Poyntzpass,
to
this cure
and was
asked
occasionally
administer
it. She also had a cure for mouth
ulcers.
a
three and nine are regarded
cures
a
in
and
charms.
Often
being significant
patient must visit the 'curer' three times for the
cure to be effective. Nine, as in the gooseberry
in the eye and several
thorn cure for styes
The
numbers
^*?jyiw^^^^^^J^m^^
BP
it
It was, and perhaps
others, is also significant.
still is, widely believed
that in the treatment of a
serious
illness, the ninth day very often saw a
for better or worse.
It was
significant
change,
?&r^
Molly
10
~ -^^*
Trainor
--1.-?-
'''.
^^e
*V^BB%
i^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B
mM*
^^^^^^^fl
(left) with her sister Mena
_POYNTZPASS
shop
I was
advised
to ring Molly
Trainor,
AND DISTRICTLOCALHISTORYSOCIETY
as
nobody in the shop could help me. So I lifted the
to tell you the truth, I had no
phone, although,
in it, and asked Molly
would
great confidence
she make the cure for me. She said she would to
I closed up the shop and went
be sure. Anyway
out home in the van. I was hardly fit to drive my
eye
was
so
sore.
When I got home my tea was ready but I wasn 't
I said
fit to eat it, such was the pain. Eventually
to Betty my wife,
'I'm going to have to go to the
I can't bear it any longer. You '11have
hospital.
to drive.' So we got ready to go. It was by then
the pain stopped
twenty to seven and suddenly
all right. I told Betty
and my eye was perfectly
there was no need to go and that was the end of
^KBBJBBwM^^P^^Brw^^x^^^^^
Brigid Quinn
that.
next morning
However
shortly after opening
time Molly, who was a regular customer, came
in. She asked me how my eye was and I told her
it was fine.
She said,
'I owe you an apology.
last
After you rang
night, before I could make
the cure, a visitor came
in. It was twenty to
seven before I got doing
itfor you.' Perhaps
it
was coincidence
it worked for
but I'm convinced
treatment for sprains was, possibly
still is, to rub
as it
the sore joint with goose fat or 'goose-ame'
was known. Many
a
of
goose
people kept
jar
ame in their homes for emergency
use.
I often thought that not only did the patient
benefit from the visits but Brigid did, too, as it
a bit of chat and
her with company,
provided
of importance
in the
also gave her a position
me."
I suppose
this also illustrates
that
community.
a
certain
of
is
suitable
when
person
type
only
as Mrs
passing on a cure. It would be essential,
Cairns put it, that such a person had "the faith."
to know
the cure Molly
needed
the
name
to
in
order
Christian
and
be
alone
patient's
to concentrate.
To make
to put up with
They also need to be prepared
at
for
assistance
all
and have a
hours
requests
stream of visitors,
often strangers,
to
coming
their door. Many
couldn't
be
people
simply
bothered.
Trainor
told me
that when offered
the
Molly
a
cure
to
from
receive
another
it
opportunity
was very unlucky
to refuse to take it. If you do
accept the cure you must never refuse to help
the cure for
anyone who requests you to make
them and you should on no account receive any
of
sister, the late Mrs Lizzie
Turley
involved
had a cure for eczema.
This
a belt that the patient had to wear next
making
the skin.
The
belt
contained
quicksilver
was
and
it
essential
that the sufferer
(mercury)
Molly's
Acton
abstained
from alcohol while wearing
the belt.
a
A cure for ulcers on the leg was applying
cold
of
boiled
poultice
turnips.
A former neighbour
the late Brigid
of mine,
Park, had a cure for sprains
Quinn of Aughan
in Patrick Kavanagh's
and, like Harry McElroy
story, she had a large and regular
'practice'.
Joe
Brigid was given the cure by her employer
on
turn
and
to
she
in
it
late
the
Monaghan
passed
Peter McCamley
and to a relative who
lives in
Dromara. Many patients arrived at Brigid's door
on crutches
it is true to say that
and, while
not everyone
for your help. However
payment
with a cure keeps toMolly's
standards. A friend
told me
of mine
that she and her
recently
to
to a man who
travelled
Co.
Meath
daughter
a
cure
had
for
She,
migraine.
supposedly
did not get any benefit from the
unfortunately,
went
three times), and each was
visits,
(they
?20
?120 in total.
visit,
per
charged
I have no personal
of a cure that
experience
for me, (other than the change of air!),
worked
left the same way, practically
all of
nearly
them would
claim that the cure greatly helped
to be really effective
them. For the treatment
three visits were necessary. Another
local
all
11
POYNTZPASSAND DISTRICTLOCALHISTORY SOCIETY_
but I must say that I am always glad to hear of
an instance where an old folk-remedy
succeeded
The
had
failed.
modern
medicine
when
to
I
which
of
the
anecdote,
veracity
following
a
can personally
is
testify,
good example.
the son of a
Christopher
Rooney,
Young
a
in
accident
had
little
of
mine
colleague
then
1994. Christopher,
aged six,
September
bumped his knee getting over a fence while out
- a
with his grandfather
very minor
walking
the
swelled
knee
incident. However
up, was
was
to the
taken
and
the
child
very painful
Doctor
of
the
best
efforts
doctor.
Despite
the knee remained swollen and painful
Cupples
the
and
child, who was unable to attend school,
was sent to Craigavon
for x-ray etc. He
Hospital
in the Royal
Victoria
ended-up
after
exhaustive
in
Belfast,
where,
Hospital
courses
bone
intensive
of antibiotics,
tests,
scans and having his leg in plaster
from the
the best
ankle to the thigh for several weeks,
that he
in
the
concluded
land
medical
opinion
had septic arthritis in his knee. It was in the bone
and could spread. He would have to learn to live
and
with
it as it is an incurable
condition,
eventually
Christopher
be partially
he would
disabled,
would
help.
painkillers
mother
had, from the beginning,
Christopher's
on the knee
a
considered
putting
bread-poultice
cure would
be
but felt that such a low-tech
came
at.
child
the
when
However,
laughed
although
Rooney
in Royal Victoria Hospital
in December,
she applied the home-made
Three days
and
of
bread
baking-soda.
poultice
almost a half-inch
later a blackthorn
long was
drawn from the child's knee. Her son made an
immediate
recovery and was back to school the
home,
?yowamimabteft>al^f?dpfe?*o'pJiot>e24O503^t,2^1
0*?
/
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Oipftwrn
??
.
Consultant
****_
-_?__^_?
'
I
,.
'
,
i
12
s
Christopher
"
appointment
f/ie
thorn
card with
attached
_POYNTZPASS
AND DISTRICT LOCALHISTORYSOCIETY
to try it. She used
it on Doctor
Sovereign
and it didn't work; but thousands
Johnson,
of
the
her subjects
still regularly
up for
queued
that in today's
royal touch. One can imagine
more credulous
era, itmight once again become
is
day. I have been told that honey
following
also excellent
for drawing out a thorn.
All over the country there are people with cures
for practically
could be
every ailment. Hives
one
For
'afasting
cured with
indigestion
spit.'
cure was
to suck a lump of coal. Thomas
of Lisdunwilly
has a
McDermott
Road, Armagh,
popular,
a great
boost for a faltering
monarchy"
cure for ringworm.
His treatment which he says
was
as 'a
to him',
is described
'handed down
dry spit'.
cures involve
'nine'. A
As I have said, many
in
who
lived
Irish
had an
Street,
Armagh
lady
cure
the
for
She
sufferer
gave
croup.
interesting
a lock of hair from her head. This was put inside
a tissue and then worn next the patient's skin for
nine days. After that the hair had to be burned.
had a cure for
A Mrs Murphy
of Pomeroy
out nine egg-cupfuls
asthma. She measured
of
were
on
the
which
oatmeal
patient's
placed
then took the measures
of
chest. The patient
oatmeal home. They had to be eaten dry, three
a day for three days.
measures
Mrs Phyllis Turley of Chapel Lane, Armagh,
has
a cure for shingles, which
the burning
involves
of nine sticks. A lady in Ardee, Co Louth has a
cure for a verruca that also involves
the use of
nine burnt sticks, she uses nine burnt match
'
^^^^^^mm^KSmll^
W^mmMmmm&JL ^m?jm^^mmmmmmmM
sticks.
I was
cure for bums,
told the following
by
on
the bum and say, nine
Trainor. Blow
Molly
times, "Before God and the sod under the foot,
that this burn should no further spread."
I have been
treatments
told various
While
have found
which
individuals
there
helpful,
doesn't
appear to be anyone with a cure for the
common
the general
is however
cold. There
a
cold
that
"Feed
and starve
advice
you should,
a
Dr. Samuel Johnson
This
custom
was,
apparently
introduced
into
England by Edward the Confessor but it had
that.
in France
been
long before
practised
was
introduced
Ceremonial
by Henry
touching
VII and the sufferers were presented with a gold
I sometimes
coin, although Charles
gave silver
The
instead
of
'touch pieces'
practice
gold.
its height
reached
under Charles
II, who,
to Macaulay's
'History of England',
according
fever."
in cures of this kind was, and is, not
Belief
to Ireland or, indeed, to ordinary folk,
confined
as an article in 'The Times' on 11th November,
In his column, Magnus
1999 shows.
Linklater
wrote:
touched nearly 100,000 people and in 1682
some 8,500. He states that in 1684, "the
was
so great that six or seven of the sick
throng
were
to death." William
III called
it
trampled
as
It was
last practised,
"a silly superstition."
in
stated in 'The Times' article, by Queen Anne
alone,
in
"If it hadn 't been for the Act of Settlement
1701 we might still have a king or queen with
to heal. The Stuarts used to practise
the power
curing scrofula,
"touching for the king's evil"
-a
nasty skin disease,
by laying on of hands;
the divine
it came with
they thought
right of
was
Anne
the last British
Queen
kings.
1712.
Well
into
the
twentieth
century
there was
a
widespread belief in the North of England that
Irish people had a cure for snakebite and that if
an Irish person drew a circle round a snake it
13
POYNTZPASSAND DISTRICTLOCALHISTORY
couldn't
get
out of
the circle.
This
SOCIETY_
and even
in this era of scientific
thrive,
medicine?
very sensible
Many
people, whose
word I wouldn't
doubt, have told me how they
seem
have
been
which
by cures,
helped
a
is
in
line
'Hamlet'
which
There
impossible.
seems appropriate;
"There are more
things in
apparently
arose from the legend of St Patrick banishing
the snakes from Ireland.
A child bom in a cowl was sure never to be
was one such as he
drowned. Charles Dickens
at one
Sailors
tells us in 'David Copperfield'.
it was
to buy a cowl
time sought
because
its
of it would protect
believed
that possession
owner
Johnson
of
Charlie
from drowning.
told me that he carried a cowl with
Tandragee
him all through World War II when he served in
in Bolton
the Royal Navy. His sister, a midwife
than are dreamt of in
and earth, Horatio,
I suppose
Put
another
your philosophy."
way,
and
that if Horatio had lived around Poyntzpass,
as
had dismissed
the whole
superstitious
thing
he might
well
have
been
told
nonsense,
heaven
like,
something
think you know a lot, Horatio,
but
"You might
smart and all as you are, you still don't know it
all!"
gave it to him.
in these charms
Is there any basis for believing
some
and cures,
of which
appear
totally
to survive,
ridiculous? How have they managed
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Poyntzpass
No. 2 National
14
School, Railway
Street