Inglês

Transcription

Inglês

C2 1A Soroc Ing Prof 2013 Lu 28/09/12 15:03 Página 273
Grammar and Texts – Módulos
9 – Reflexive, Emphasizing and Reciprocal Pronouns
10 – Text: Salonpas
11 – Text: Computer
12 – Text: It’s a mad world…
13 – Quantifiers
14 – Text: Islands for Sale
15 – Text: Chopsticks
16 – Text: The New Seven Wonders
Double-deckers
Reflexive, Emphasizing
and Reciprocal Pronouns
9
• Após preposições, concordando com o sujeito da
oração.
I. Formas
PESSOAS
PRONOMES
s
i
n
g
u
l
a
r
1.a
Myself
2.a
Yourself
p
l
u
r
a
l
1.a
Ourselves
2.a
Yourselves
3.a
Themselves
3.a
Himself
Herself
I am proud of MYSELF. Look at YOURSELF / YOURSELVES.
B. Emphasizing Pronouns
Itself
• Após o sujeito ou após o objeto da oração, dependendo do que se pretenda enfatizar.
I MYSELF saw the actress. I saw the actress HERSELF.
• No final da oração, concordando com o sujeito
(forma mais usual de se enfatizar o sujeito).
I saw the actress MYSELF.
Estruturas especiais com -SELF / -SELVES:
II. Usos
A. Reflexive Pronouns
• Após o verbo da oração, concordando com o
sujeito (indispensável à oração).
She enjoyed HERSELF at the party. I cut MYSELF last night.
• by + -SELF / -SELVES = sozinho(a), sozinhos(as),
sem ajuda (= alone).
She decided to live BY HERSELF.
He generally studies BY HIMSELF.
• A forma by + -SELF / -SELVES pode ser enfatizada, colocando-se ALL antes dela.
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273
She went to the park ALL BY HERSELF.
He always studies ALL BY HIMSELF.
C. Reciprocal Pronouns
• EACH OTHER e ONE ANOTHER são usados
para expressar reciprocidade.
John and Mary love EACH OTHER.
The players hurt ONE ANOTHER.
Observe a diferença entre:
They looked at THEMSELVES in the mirror. (reflexivo)
They looked at EACH OTHER. (recíproco)
Exercícios Resolvidos
Complete with Reflexive, Emphasizing or Reciprocal Pronouns.
1
yourselves
Where did you, boys, hurt _________________________________?
2
each other
The sweethearts kissed ___________________________________.
3
They had an argument last night and are not speaking to _______
I.
4
yourself
________________________________.
5
herself
My niece lives in London by ________________________________.
each other
______________________________.
6
itself
The child _____________________________
is sweeping the floor.
Complete the sentences with a word or expression from
the list and an appropriate reflexive pronoun.
I
burn – help – pay for – enjoy – teach
look at – hurt – cut – kill – be proud of
1
B
C
D
The baby is crying. If you don’t trust me, go out and see for
cut mysef
I ____________________________
with a knife when I was
cooking yesterday.
enjoyed ourselves
Jessica and I ____________________________
at the disco
last night.
hurt herself
Annie _____________________________
when she fell from
the ladder.
One of the employees committed suicide. We were shocked
be proud of yourself (-ves)
You did a good job. You should ________________________
____________________.
pay for myself
J I don’t want you to pay for me. I’ll _____________________.
II. Complete with reflexive, emphasizing or reciprocal
pronouns.
1
himself
My grandfather sat on a bench talking to ______________.
2
each other
How long have you and Jeannie known _______________?
3
herself
Mrs. Simpson _____________________
offered me the job.
4
myself
I got out of the bath and dried ________________________.
5
Did someone phone the doctor for you? Or did you phone
killed himself
by the news that he had _____________________________.
E
burn yourself
Be careful. That pan is very hot. Don’t __________________
___________________.
yourself
him ___________________________?
6
F
G
H
help yourself (-ves)
If you want to eat more, _____________________________.
to teach herself
Sally is trying _______________________________
Spanish,
but she’s not making much progress.
look at yourselves
Boys, __________________________________
in the mirror.
274
INGLÊS
“Who did you go to the movies with?” “Nobody, I went by
myself
______________________________.”
7
8
ourselves
It’s too hot in here. Let’s refresh _______________________
with a drink of cold water.
The girl is careful about her weight, but she allows ______
herself
___________________
one piece of chocolate a day.
9
III. Turn into English.
each other
“Don’t push ________________________________
so hard,
boys”, said the coach.
1
As crianças estavam assistindo à TV sozinhas.
RESOLUÇÃO:
J
yourself
Just relax and be ______________________________
at the
interview.
K
itself
The cat hurt _________________________________
jumping
from the high branch.
The children were watching TV by themselves.
2
Paul machucou-se jogando basquete.
RESOLUÇÃO:
L
M
oneself
One must remember to behave _______________________
in one’s own house just as in other people’s.
Paul hurt himself when playing basketball.
Be careful! Don’t play with fire! Don’t burn _____________
yourself (-ves)
________________________.
3
N
yourself (-ves)
It isn’t your fault. You shouldn’t blame _________________.
O próprio Robert consertou sua bicicleta.
RESOLUÇÃO:
Robert himself repaired his bicycle.
O
each other
Susan and Alice phone _____________________
every day.
P
When everyone else forgot his birthday, Paul decided to
himself
a birthday present.
give _____________________
Q
4
As I was sure that I couldn’t ask anybody for help, I wrote
Pintem a casa vocês mesmos e economizarão muito dinheiro.
RESOLUÇÃO:
myself
the letter by ________________________.
R
Paint the house yourselves and you’ll save a lot of money.
Since the old lady’s husband died, she’s been living by
herself
______________________________.
No Portal Objetivo
Para saber mais sobre o assunto, acesse o PORTAL OBJETIVO (www.portal.objetivo.br) e, em “localizar”, digite ING1M201
INGLÊS
275
Text – Salonpas
10
S A L O N PA S PA I N R E L I E V I N G PAT C H E S
For temporary relief of minor aches and pains of muscles
and joints, without a greasy mess.
• Easy to apply
• Provides fast and effective relief
• Will not stain your clothes
• Will not upset your stomach
A
B
Translate:
“Salonpas não causa indisposição no seu estômago e é fácil de
aplicar.”
“Salonpas provides fast and effective relief.”
Salonpas does not upset your stomach and is easy to apply.
Salonpas fornece (dá) alívio rápido e eficaz.
II.
VOCABULARY
I.
Match the columns.
1. pain
1
e
a) dor nas costas
2. minor
2
b
b) leve, de pouca importância
3. muscles
3
f
c) sujeira
4. greasy
4
d
d) oleosa
5. mess
5
c
e) dor
6. backache
6
a
f) músculos
276
INGLÊS
Write in English:
Combine the following expressions with their meanings
below and translate them.
1. patch
(c)
emplastro
= ______________________________
2. joint
(e)
articulação
= ______________________________
3. strain
(a)
luxação
= ______________________________
4. bruise
(d)
contusão, equimose
= ______________________________
5. sprain
(b)
distensão
= ______________________________
a) an injury to a joint in the body caused by a sudden
movement.
b) an injury to a muscle caused by too much exertion.
c) a small piece of material which can be stuck to the skin as
medicine.
d) a mark that appears on someone’s body by hitting it;
contusion.
e) the place where two bones are connected.
III. Translate the underlined verbs in the following sentences.
A
The doctor gave her a shot of morphine to relieve the pain.
aliviar
* to relieve = _________________________________
B
Apply the suntan cream every three hours and after
swimming.
aplicar
* to apply = ___________________________________
C
This new medicine provides fast relief.
fornecer
* to provide = _________________________________
D
D
stung
Her leg was very painful after the insect _____________
it.
a) inflamed
b) stung
c) stabbed
d) broke
cough
5 Can you recommend some medicine for a dry __________?
a) cold
b) headache
c) sneeze
d) cough
F
pulled
She ______________________
a muscle while lifting some
furniture.
a) broke
b) fractured
c) pulled
d) cut
overwork
G I’m sure his illness was caused by ____________________.
a) overwork
b) rest
c) fitness
d) health
dentist
H If my toothache continues, I’ll see my _________________.
a) optician
b) vet
c) dentist
d) surgeon
Coffee and tea can stain your teeth.
manchar
* to stain = __________________________________
E
fit
C They run every day to keep _________________.
a) fat
b) fit
c) sick
d) upset
I
prescription
You can only get this medicine with a _________________.
a) description
b) hospital
c) prescription
d) allergy
He can’t eat peanuts – they upset his stomach.
causar indisposição
* to upset = _________________________________
VOCABULARY EXPANSION
Choose the best alternative to complete the sentences.
J
pressure
He went on a diet because of his high blood ____________.
a) tension
b) pressure
c) poisoning
d) inflammation
first aid
K His wife gave him ________________,
which saved his life.
a) sunburn
b) a tonic
c) poison
d) first aid
HEALTH
L
1
active
He’s over 90 but he’s very _________________
for his age.
a) tense
c) active
B
b) nervous
d) uneasy
thermometer
Where’s the _______________________?
I want to take my
temperature.
a) meter
b) stethoscope
c) antiseptic
d) thermometer
M
bandage
The nurse wrapped a __________________
round my head.
a) bandage
b) belt
c) cream
d) painkiller
I need to buy some lozenges* for my sore _____________.
throat
a) knee
c) throat
* lozenges = pastilhas
b) thumb
d) ankle
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277
N
I’m a little ____________,
so could you speak a little louder?
deaf
a) dumb
b) blind
c) deaf
d) lame
O
c) the muscles.
d) the bowel.
e) the elbows.
RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: E
treat
We’re going to ______________
you with a different kind of
drug, which we hope will be more successful.
a) cure
b) treat
c) intoxicate
d) heal
(American Vocabulary, John Flower)
C
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
There is a synonym for “pain” in the text. Which is it?
Mess
Ache
Muscle
Joint
Relief
RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: B
TEXT COMPREHENSION
A
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
According to the text, Salonpas
is the name of a medicine which is sold in tablets.
is a very powerful painkiller.
is very oily.
is made in the USA.
harms the stomach.
B Joints can be found in
a) the head.
b) the stomach.
D
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
The words fast, minor and upset, underlined in the text,
are respectively
adjective, adjective, verb.
adjective, noun, adjective.
adverb, noun, verb.
adverb, adjective, verb.
adverb, adjective, noun.
RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: A
ANOTAÇÕES
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
278
INGLÊS
11
Text: Computer
A SPANISH TEACHER was explaining to her class that in Spanish, unlike English, nouns are designated as either
masculine or feminine.
‘House’ for instance, is feminine: ‘la casa.’
‘Pencil,’ however, is masculine: ‘el lapiz.’
A student asked, ‘What gender is ‘computer’?’
Instead of giving the answer, the teacher split the class into two
groups, male and female, and asked them to decide for themselves
whether computer should be a masculine or a feminine noun. Each
group was asked to give four reasons for its recommendation.
The men’s group decided that ‘computer’ should definitely be of
the feminine gender (‘la computadora’), because:
1. No one but their creator understands their internal logic;
2. The native language they use to communicate with other computers is incomprehensible to everyone else;
3. Even the smallest mistakes are stored in long term memory for possible later retrieval; and
4. As soon as you make a commitment to one, you find yourself spending half your paycheck on accessories for it.
(THIS GETS BETTER!)
The women’s group, however, concluded that computers should be Masculine (‘el computador’), because:
1. In order to do anything with them, you have to turn them on;
2. They have a lot of data but still can’t think for themselves;
3. They are supposed to help you solve problems, but half the time they ARE the problem; and
4. As soon as you commit to one, you realize that if you had waited a little longer, you could have gotten a better model.
The women won.
1
(The Herald)
You can infer from the comic strip that
a) the child’s family cannot afford an expensive university.
b) the child’s family is wealthy.
c) the child wants to become a barber.
d) it is a warm day.
e) the family has saved plenty of money for the girl to attend any
university she chooses.
2
Which of the following is NOT a “false friend”?
a) College
b) Legend
c) Available
d) Library
e) State
Ivy League = very highly-respected universities and colleges
INGLÊS
279
IV. Complete the chart.
VOCABULARY
I.
INFINITIVE
Match the columns.
1. noun
1
e
a) definitivamente
2. either… or
2
g
b) contudo, entretanto
3. however
3
b
c) incompreensível
4. gender
4
h
5. male/ female
5
6. definitely
SIMPLE PAST
PAST PARTICIPLE
1. to give
gave
given
____________________
____________________
2. to split
split
split
____________________
____________________
d) homem/ mulher
3. to understand
understood
understood
____________________
____________________
d
e) substantivo
4. to make
made
made
____________________
____________________
6
a
f) erro
5. to find
found
found
____________________
____________________
7. incomprehensible
7
c
g) ou… ou
6. to spend
spent
spent
____________________
____________________
8. mistake
8
f
h) gênero
7. to get
got
got, gotten
____________________
____________________
8. to think
thought
thought
____________________
____________________
9. to win
won
won
____________________
____________________
II.
Complete the following sentences with words from the
chart.
unlike – instead of – even –
as soon as – in order to
1
Instead of
_____________________________
going to that new Italian
restaurant, they decided to have dinner at home.
2
in order to
I had to shout ______________________________
be heard.
3
even
This exercise is so easy that ___________
a child can do it.
4
as soon as
We’ll ring you __________________________
we get there.
5
Unlike
_________________
her sister, she got married very young.
BUT
V.
Look at the different meanings of BUT in the following
sentences and translate them.
a) I was glad to meet her, but I didn’t want to spend all day
with her.
•
mas, porém
but = _________________________________________
b)
I have no option but to resign.
•
exceto
but = _________________________________________
c)
It was our last day but one at the old office.
•
penúltimo
last … but one = ___________________________
____
III. Complete the following sentences with verbs from the
chart.
VI. Translate the underlined words in the following sentences.
to split – to store – to spend – to solve – to wait
1
stored
I __________________________
various possessions in my
mother’s house while I was living in Chicago.
2
1
a longo prazo
• long term = ________________________________
2
waited
I ____________________________
in the corridor while she
4
5
split
If we travel together we can _________________
the cost
of the gas.
Retrieval is the process of accessing information from the
computer’s memory.
resgate, recuperação
• retrieval = _________________________________
_
went in to see the doctor.
3
The project will have long term benefits.
3
I couldn’t go to the meeting because I had other
commitments.
compromisso
• commitment = _____________________________
_
spent
We ______________________
a fortune when we were in
New York.
solve
He can usually ____________________________
the whole
crossword in thirty minutes.
280
INGLÊS
4
A paycheck is a check issued to an employee in payment
of salary or wages.
cheque de pagamento
• paycheck = ________________________________
_
VII.
TO TURN ON
TEXT COMPREHENSION
Look at the different meanings of TURN ON in the following
sentences and translate them.
a)
It is too dark here. Please, turn on the lights.
•
ligar
to turn on = _____________________________________
Responder em Português.
1
O que se discutia na aula de espanhol?
Discutia-se se o computador deveria ser uma palavra masculina
ou feminina.
b)
Someone turns you on if they interest you, attract you, or
excite you sexually
•
atrair
to turn on = ____________________________________
_
VIII. TO BE SUPPOSED TO
Translate the underlined expressions.
A
B
C
•
IX.
Classes are supposed to begin at 7:10.
You’re not supposed to talk in the library.
The opening ceremony is supposed to take place in Paris.
espera-se que, presume-se que, dever
to be supposed to = _________________________________
2 Mencione dois argumentos que, de acordo com o grupo
de homens, justicaria o fato de a palavra computer ser do
gênero feminino.
O professor deve apresentar as 4 justificativas para o aluno.
TO REALIZE
To realize is a “false friend”. Look at these sentences.
A
I suddenly realized he was trying to rob me.
B
I realize how difficult it’s going to be, but we must try.
C
“You’re standing on my foot”. “Sorry, I didn’t realize”.
•
perceber, compreender
to realize = _____________________________________
X. Match the words and/or expressions in column A with
their synonyms in column B.
A
B
1. for instance
1
e
a) except
2. to split
2
g
b) if
3. whether
3
b
c) nobody
4. no one
4
c
d) to understand
5. but
5
a
e) for example
6. data
6
h
f) more time
7. to realize
7
d
g) to share
8. longer
8
f
h) information
3 Mencione dois argumentos que, de acordo com o grupo
de mulheres, justificaria o fato de a palavra computer ser do
gênero masculino.
O professor deve apresentar as 4 justificativas para o aluno.
INGLÊS
281
Text – It’s a Mad World…
12
An elderly German decided to commit suicide,
took a lot of sleeping pills, tied a briefcase full of
stones around his neck, rowed out into the
middle of the Rhine – and was found sound
asleep in his boat.
When Mrs. Janet Trent opened her diary yesterday
the entry for the day was already filled in by
someone else, and read: “House burgled 5 a.m.”
A burglar had stolen ₤24 as she slept.
(Daily Express)
(Buffalo News)
There will be a procession next Sunday
afternoon in the grounds of the Monastery; but if
it rains in the afternoon, the procession will take
place in the morning.
(Notice in Irish Paper)
An unnamed boy aged 14 in Washington DC
used to turn in false fire alarms. He underwent
psychiatric treatment to cure him of that, and he
stopped doing it. Apparently he learned never to
break the glass and pull the hook unless there
actually was a fire. So – now he sets the house
on fire first, and has done it four times.
(Baltimore Sun)
FIRST THING – every single morning – one of the secretaries in our
office opened the newspaper and read everyone’s horoscope aloud.
“Gwen”, said our boss finally, “you seem to be a normal, levelheaded
person. Do you really believe in astrology?”
“Of course not,” Gwen answered. “You know how skeptical we
Capricorns are.”
DEAN MORGAN
d) escrevia para um astrólogo.
e) lia seu horóscopo em voz baixa.
B
De acordo com a opinião emitida a respeito de Gwen, ela
a) aparentava ser uma pessoa sensata.
Reader’s Digest. “All in a day’s work”.
A
b) mantinha uma atitude irrepreensível diante dos colegas.
Habitualmente, uma das secretárias
c) desempenhava suas tarefas com eficiência.
a) consultava as previsões dos signos.
d) merecia ser considerada como exemplo de conduta.
e) perturbava a concentração dos colegas de escritório.
b) comprava o jornal da manhã.
c) descumpria uma ordem do chefe.
VOCABULARY
I. Translate the following sentence.
He is an elderly gentleman with grey hair.
Ele é um senhor idoso de cabelos brancos.
II.
Replace the underlined expression.
Use a verb + a reflexive pronoun
An elderly German decided to commit suicide.
to kill himself
An elderly German decided _______________________.
282
INGLÊS
III. Match the columns.
1) briefcase
1
e
a) vidro
2) stone
2
c
b) gancho
3) neck
3
g
c) pedra
4) boat
4
f
d) a menos que
5) fire
5
h
e) pasta
6) glass
6
a
f) barco
7) hook
7
b
8) unless
8
d
IV.
VI. Write the Simple Past and Past Participle of the following
verbs.
INFINITIVE
read
read
____________________
____________________
2. to steal
stole
stolen
____________________
____________________
3. to undergo
underwent
undergone
____________________
____________________
g) pescoço
4. to break
broke
broken
____________________
____________________
h) incêndio
5. to set
set
set
____________________
____________________
TO SLEEP
VII. Complete the sentences with verbs from the chart.
A
I’m so tired! I need a good night’s sleep.
*
sono
sleep = _______________________________________
B
The children slept for most of the journey.
*
dormir
to sleep = ____________________________________
_
C
I’m a light sleeper – the slightest noise wakes me up.
*
ter sono leve
to be a light sleeper = __________________________
*
E
I had two glasses of wine at lunch and it’s made me
feel sleepy.
com sono, sonolento
sleepy = ______________________________________
to tie – to row – to take place –
to fill in – to burgle – to undergo
A
B
C
D
E
F
fill in
Please ______________________
this form, your name and
age at the top.
underwent
She _______________________
an operation in her left lung
last year.
to tie
The old remedy for a sore throat was __________________
an old sock around your neck.
take place
Her wedding will ________________________
on December
th
17 .
to row
They had ______________________
the boat back home.
burgle
To ______________________
a building is to enter it illegally
and steal things from it.
I’m surprised to see you awake – ten minutes ago you were
sound asleep.
*
profundamente adormecido
sound sleep = _________________________________
F
Do you usually take sleeping pills?
*
sonífero
sleeping pill = _________________________________
G
“Did you sleep well?” “I slept like a log”.
*
dormir como uma pedra
to sleep like a log = ____________________________
H
You shouldn’t try to wake a sleepwalker.
*
sonâmbulo
sleepwalker = _________________________________
V.
PAST PARTICIPLE
1. to read
D
SIMPLE PAST
THE RHINE
river
is a ______________________
in Germany.
Rio Reno
= _________________________
realmente
VIII. ACTUALLY is a “false friend” and means ____________,
de fato
__________________.
Translate the sentence.
Did she actually mention this?
Ela realmente mencionou isso?
nowadays
How would you say atualmente in English? _________________
IX. Translate the underlined expressions in the following
sentences.
A
The castle has splendid grounds.
*
áreas, gramados
grounds = __________________________________
B
She took her diary and read the entry for November 25.
*
item, apontamento
entry = _____________________________________
INGLÊS
283
C
*
A burglar is a person who enters a building illegally to steal
things.
arrombador
burglar = _____________________________________
TEXT COMPREHENSION
A
a)
X.
b)
DON’T CONFOUND
a)
puxar o sofá
to pull the sofa = ______________________________
c)
b)
empurrar o sofá
to push the sofa = _____________________________
d)
e)
XI. Match the words in column A with their synonyms in
column B.
A
Assinale a alternativa que contém personagens das
histórias acima:
um dono de barco solitário, uma moça da Inglaterra, um
garoto suicida.
um senhor alemão solitário, uma senhora rabugenta, um
garoto psicótico.
um suicida alemão, uma inglesa milionária, um jovem
inglês.
um senhor de idade alemão, uma senhora inglesa, um
garoto americano anônimo.
uma senhora alemã idosa, uma senhora americana, um
rapaz americano.
RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: D
B
1. mad
1
h
a) while
2. elderly
2
e
b) many
3. a lot of
3
b
c) really
4. take place
4
g
d) anonymous
5. as
5
a
e) old
6. unnamed
6
d
f) then
7. actually
7
c
g) happen
8. so
8
f
h) crazy
B
C
XII. Write in English.
Se houver um incêndio, quebre o vidro e puxe o gancho.
If there is a fire, break the glass and pull the hook.
a)
c)
e)
A procissão, mencionada no texto, provavelmente
ocorreria.
na Inglaterra.
b) na Irlanda.
na Escócia.
d) no País de Gales.
nos Estados Unidos.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
O garoto mencionado na quarta história
nunca mais acionou alarmes de incêndio.
ainda está em tratamento psiquiátrico.
nunca mais quebrou uma vidraça.
colocou fogo em quatro casas.
decidiu tornar-se psiquiatra.
ANOTAÇÕES
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________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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284
INGLÊS
Quantifiers
13
I.
Notas
FORMA
TRADUÇÃO
EXEMPLO
MUCH
muito(a)
She doesn’t drink MUCH coffee.
LITTLE
pouco(a)
She drinks LITTLE coffee.
LESS
menos
FORMA
TRADUÇÃO
MANY
muitos(as)
She doesn’t have MANY friends.
poucos(as)
She has FEW friends.
FEWER
•
She drinks LESS coffee than John.
As formas MUCH, LITTLE e LESS são usadas antes de substantivos incontáveis, portanto singulares.
FEW
•
EXEMPLO
III. MUCH e VERY
a) Como já vimos, MUCH (= muito, muita) é usado antes de
She has FEWER friends than John.
menos
•
A LOT (sem OF) não deve ser usado antes de substantivos.
She works A LOT.
A LOT was done by him.
As formas A LOT OF e LOTS OF têm concordância
verbal dependente do elemento que as seguir.
There IS a lot of DUST here.
There ARE a lot of BOOKS here.
There IS lots of RICE left.
There ARE lots of POTATOES left.
PLENTY OF significa “mais do que suficiente.”
There’s no need to hurry. We’ve got PLENTY OF time.
substantivos incontáveis no singular.
Do you have MUCH work to do? (subst. incontável)
As formas MANY, FEW e FEWER são usadas antes de
substantivos contáveis no plural.
Pode ser usado também antes de comparativos.
Jane is MUCH taller than John. (comparativo)
Notas
•
MUCH e MANY são usados, preferencialmente, em
orações interrogativas e negativas.
Do you have MANY cousins?
b) VERY (= muito) é usado antes de adjetivos e advérbios
We didn’t spend MUCH money.
•
This book is MUCH more interesting than that.
(comparativo)
MANY tem concordância verbal de plural.
MANY students ARE waiting outside.
Pode-se, porém, substituir a forma MANY + PLURAL por
MANY A + SINGULAR.
no grau normal.
Her daughter is VERY intelligent. (adjetivo)
They arrived VERY late yesterday. (advérbio)
MANY A student is waiting outside.
IV. LITTLE, A LITTLE, FEW, A FEW
II. Sinônimos de MUCH e MANY
a) A LITTLE e A FEW são ideias positivas e significam “uma
Em orações afirmativas, deve-se, preferencialmente, usar A
LOT OF, LOTS OF, A GREAT DEAL OF, A GOOD DEAL OF,
PLENTY OF em substituição a MUCH ou MANY.
Jane has
{
A LOT OF
LOTS OF
A GREAT DEAL OF
A GOOD DEAL OF
There has been
{
}
friends.
A LOT OF
LOTS OF
A GREAT DEAL OF
A GOOD DEAL OF
}
pequena quantidade de” ou “um pequeno número de” e
equivalem a SOME, em inglês.
I still have A LITTLE money in the bank (= algum dinheiro).
The exam was extremely difficult but A FEW students
passed it (= alguns alunos).
b) LITTLE e FEW são ideias negativas.
rain recently.
I have LITTLE money in the bank (= quase nenhum dinheiro).
The exam was extremely difficult and FEW students
passed it (= quase nenhum aluno).
INGLÊS
285
V. SO, TOO e VERY
SO, TOO e VERY podem ser usados antes de MUCH, MANY, LITTLE e FEW para ampliar, enfatizar ou restringir o sentido dos
quantificadores.
I can’t bear SO MUCH noise.
There are SO MANY jobs to do today.
TOO MUCH noise drives me crazy.
There are TOO MANY people in the restaurant.
I’ve got VERY LITTLE money.
VERY FEW students passed the examination.
I.
A
B
C
D
I.
A
Complete with MUCH, MANY, LESS or FEWER.
II.
Complete with LITTLE, FEW, VERY or MUCH.
Fewer
_____________________
black-and-white TV sets are more produced
nowadays than in the past days.
E
very
For me, Biology is __________________
easy.
less
Ask the cook to bring ___________________
food since we’re not
very hungry.
F
much
For me, Biology is __________________
easier than Physics.
G
few
Her text is excellent; she made __________________
mistakes.
much
Do you know how __________________
postage this letter needs?
many
I’ve told you __________________
times not to ride your bike on
the pavement.
Complete the following sentences with MUCH or MANY.
much
Cindy’s car isn’t expensive to run. It doesn’t use _________
gas.
B
much
How ___________________
postage does this letter need?
C
much
I couldn’t find ________________
information in that folder.
D
many
I haven’t met ________________
people since I came here.
E
Many
_________________
mice are still used in lab experiments.
F
much
I didn’t like the party very _________________.
There were
much
___________________
food or drink.
A
B
C
D
E
little
My mother couldn’t make the cake because there was __________
flour.
little
We got to the theater fast because there was __________
traffic.
a little
After I had tasted the shrimps, I added _____________
salt
to them.
F
I don’t think Ann would be a good mother. She’s got
little
________________
patience with children.
many
too ____________________
guests there, and there wasn’t
II.
H
Complete the following sentences with FEW, A FEW,
LITTLE or A LITTLE.
III. Complete the following sentences with MUCH or VERY.
A
much
For me, Biology is _______________
easier than Chemistry.
B
very
It’s _______________
kind of you to drive me home.
C
very
much
This couch is ____________
comfortable. It is ___________
more comfortable than the old one.
little
I’m sorry but I have _______________
money in my wallet.
I’m afraid I can’t lend you any.
D
few
Many people are multilingual, but ______________
people
speak more than three languages.
She has been here only a week, but she has already made
a few
________________
friends.
286
INGLÊS
much
Jonathan didn’t drink ________________
water because he
very
wasn’t _________________
thirsty.
E
Much
_________________
has been written on this subject.
F
much
We must hurry because there is _________________
to do.
B
IV. Complete with FEWER or LESS.
A
B
C
D
E
F
less
Ask the baker to bring ______________
bread since we are
not hungry.
I have too _____________ work to do and so ____________
time available.
a) much – little
b) many – few
c) less – fewer
d) little – fewer
e) much – much
fewer
If you had studied more you would have made ___________
mistakes.
fewer
The doctor told him to eat _________________
cookies and
less
________________ salt.
C
I think that _________________ lemon juice on fish makes
it taste better.
a) many
b) a lot
c) few
d) a little
e) fewer
fewer
The conference was attended by no _______________
than
100 journalists.
D
fewer
This winter we’ll spend ____________
days in the country.
I have very ___________ money. I don’t even have enough
money to buy food for dinner.
a) few
b) a few
c) a little
d) much
e) little
less
Since we hired a new maid, there has been _____________
dust on the furniture.
V. Circle the correct alternative.
A Not ________________ of our friends usually travel abroad.
a) much
b) little
c) many
d) very
e) less
RESOLUÇÃO: Resposta: C
E
He’s a lucky little boy. Because his parents have taken
good care of him, he has had ____________ problems in
his young life.
a) little
b) a little
c) a lot of
d) a few
e) few
No Portal Objetivo
Para saber mais sobre o assunto, acesse o PORTAL OBJETIVO (www.portal.objetivo.br) e, em “localizar”, digite ING1M202
ANOTAÇÕES
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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INGLÊS
287
Text: Islands for Sale
14
Almost anyone can buy an island. ‘If you can buy a car, you can
buy an island’, says Mr Vladi. He estimates that if the place is
uninhabited and there is no infrastructure in place, you need around
£ 70,000 to buy an island. ‘All I can say is that my clients have a
connection with nature, they have high intelligence, they have to be
able to improvise, and above all, they are individualists.’
Desert islands have changed, solar energy is not difficult to get,
the laptop computer and mobile phone era has arrived.
Many of Mr Vladi's islands are priced around £150,000. For that you can buy Flatholmen, a 5,000
square-metre islands in a Norwegian fjord.
In the same price range there is Ilhote Grande, 42,000 square-metres, south of Rio de Janeiro. It has
a rocky coastline, a four-room house, bananas and coconuts.
Mr Vladi's biggest sale was an island for $ 12 million. There are a lot of Japanese customers around.
Because of the financial crisis in the Far East, there are plenty of people wanting to move their capital into
islands.
Mr Vladi himself now owns a Canadian isle and shares one in New Zealand.
(tolearnenglish)
A
HEAVEN CAN WAIT
de ler?
Burt and Ernie were best of friends, and as they were
both in their 80s, they made a bargain: whoever died first
would try hard to come back and tell the other what the
afterlife was like.
Shortly after striking the deal, Ernie passed away. A
few nights later Burt was lying in his bed when a voice
wafted in ____________________ the open window.
“Burt… Burt…”
Qual a alternativa errada, de acordo com o texto que você acaba
a) O amigo de Burt morreu pouco depois do acordo que ambos
firmaram.
b) Burt disse que estava ansioso para morrer.
c) Burt pensou que Ernie tivesse ido para o céu.
d) Burt faleceu quando já tinha mais de 80 anos.
e) Burt e Ernie fizeram um acordo.
The old man sat up. “My God! Ernie, is that you?”
“Yes, and I tell you, it’s marvelous… simply marvelous.”
“Tell me about it,” Burt urged.
“Well, in the morning we eat breakfast and then spend
hours making love. Then we eat lunch and spend more
hours making love. Finally we eat dinner and make love
again.”
“Holy cow!” gushed Burt, “I can’t wait to die and go
to heaven.”
“Heaven?” retorted Ernie. “Hell, I’m outside. I came
back as a rabbit.”
(The Roughneck)
288
INGLÊS
B
A palavra propositadamente omitida no texto é:
a) thought.
b) through.
c) though.
d) taught.
e) throat.
IV.
VOCABULARY
I.
A
An island is a piece of land completely surrounded by
ilha
water = ___________________________
A
isle
Its synonym is = _________________
__
B
B
Do not confound!
FOR SALE
They are moving to London and their house is for sale.
C
à venda
= _______________________
D
ON SALE
UNINHABITED
habitar, morar
to inhabit = _______________________________
These remote islands are inhabited only by birds and
animals.
habitante
inhabitant = _______________________________
The inhabitants of the village protested again the new
road.
habitável
inhabitable = ______________________________
Are those lands inhabitable?
desabitado
uninhabited = _____________________________
No one lives in that land. It is uninhabited.
After Christmas all these articles will be on sale.
em liquidação
= _______________________
V.
ABOVE ALL
Translate the underlined expression.
It’s too far, too late, and above all, too dangerous.
Translate the title of the passage.
Ilhas à venda.
*
II.
Write the Simple Past and Past Participle of the following
verbs.
INFINITIVE
1. to buy
SIMPLE PAST
PAST PARTICIPLE
bought
_____________
bought
_______________
2. to say
said
_____________
said
_______________
3. to get
got
_____________
got (ten)
_______________
III. Match the columns.
acima de tudo
above all = ________________________________
VI. If he is a NORWEGIAN that means he was born in
Norway
___________________.
COUNTRY
NATIONALITY
1. Sweden
(a)
Swede
_________________________
2. Switzerland
(a)
Swiss
_________________________
3. Spain
(a)
Spaniard
_________________________
4. Germany
(a)
German
_________________________
5. Turkey
(a)
Turk
_________________________
6. Peru
(a)
Peruvian
_________________________
1) almost
1
h
a) celular
7. Scotland
(a)
Scot
_________________________
2) place
2
e
b) era
8. Ireland
(an)
Irishman
_________________________
3) around
3
c) aproximadamente, ao
redor de, por volta de
9. Finland
(a)
c
Finn
_________________________
10. Holland
(a)
Dutch
_________________________
4) mobile
4
a
d) crise
5) era
5
b
e) local, lugar
6) square-meter
6
i
f) rochosa
7) price
7
g
g) preço
8) rocky
8
f
h) quase
9) coconut
9
j
i) m2
10
d
j) coco
10) crisis
VII. Do you know the translation of Far East?
Extremo Oriente
= __________________________________
and how do you say in English.
Middle East
a) Oriente Médio? ________________________
Near East
b) Oriente Próximo? ______________________
INGLÊS
289
VIII.
CAPITAL
E
few
many ≠_________________________________
F
smallest
biggest ≠ _______________________________
A
New York is not the capital of the United States.
*
capital
capital = ____________________________
B
At the beginning of a sentence or a name we use capitals.
XII. Write in English.
*
letra maiúscula
capital = ____________________________
A
C
You’ll need capital if you want to open a restaurant.
*
capital ($)
capital = ____________________________
D
That is a capital idea!
*
excelente
capital = ____________________________
Se você quiser comprar uma ilha desabitada você precisa
de aproximadamente 70 mil libras.
If you want to buy an uninhabited island you need around ₤70.000.
B
IX. Combine the expressions in column A with their
synonyms in column B.
A
B
Os clientes do Sr. Vladi são inteligentes, ricos e gostam de
viver sozinhos.
Mr. Vladi’s clients (customers) are intelligent (smart), rich (wealthy)
and like to live alone.
1) around
1
d
a) can
2) client
2
h
b) many
3) be able to
3
a
c) hard
4) difficult
4
c
d) approximately
5) mobile
5
g
e) island
6) a lot of
6
b
f) many
Answer in English.
7) plenty of
7
f
g) cell
A
8) isle
8
e
h) customer
TEXT COMPREHENSION
Who is Mr. Vladi?
Someone who sells islands.
X. Complete the sentences with words from the chart.
nature – be priced – range –
coastline – own – share
B
Why do his customers buy islands?
Because they like being alone and they like nature.
A
own
Many more people now ______________
their own homes.
B
range
We tested many freezers in the medium price ___________.
C
D
nature
Even as a child he loved ___________________,
and enjoyed
being in the countryside surrounded by animals.
C
coastline
We could see the ________________________
of France on
the map.
What can you buy for one hundred and fifty thousand
pounds?
An island in a Norwegian fjord.
E
shares
He ___________________
a flat with two other students.
F
are priced
The watches ________________________
at
₤14.50
XI. Write the opposites of.
A
B
to sell
to buy ≠________________________________
C
inhabited
desert (islands) ≠________________________
D
easy
difficult ≠ ______________________________
_
nothing
all ≠ ___________________________________
290
INGLÊS
D
Why are there so many people wanting to move their
capital into islands?
Because of the financial crisis in the Far East.
Text – Chopsticks
15
(UPFI)
Environmentalists in China are campaigning to reduce the alarming number of
disposable wooden chopsticks used in the country. Over 25 million trees are used
each year in manufacturing what has been China’s
primary eating utensil since 1500 B.C. The
devastating floods in China in 1998 were blamed
on deforestation. Since then support has risen for
more careful use of forest resources. For example, many people now
carry reusable chopsticks, authorities in Shanghai created a tax on
disposable wooden chopsticks and more than 100 of Beijing’s stateowned restaurants agreed to begin reusing them.
(Adaptado de: http://greennature.com/article565.html)
1
2
Translate:
Write in English:
“The devastating floods in China in 1998 were blamed on
deforestation.”
“Os ambientalistas chineses querem reduzir o número de
‘pauzinhos’ descartáveis usados no país.”
As devastadoras inundações na China em 1998 foram
culpadas pelo desmatamento.
Chinese environmentalists want to reduce the number of
disposable chopsticks used in the country.
VOCABULARY
I.
*
A CHOPSTICK is a narrow stick used for eating food,
especially in China and Japan.
III. Translate the underlined expressions in the following
sentences.
A
“pauzinho”
chopstick = ______________________
*
II.
Match the columns.
B
1) wooden
1
d
a) mais de
2) country
2
f
b) estatal
*
3) over
3
a
c) utensílio
C
4) utensil
4
c
d) de madeira
5) since then
5
e
e) desde então
6) state-owned
6
b
f) país
An environmentalist is a person who works to protect or
preserve the natural world.
ambientalista
environmentalist = ___________________________
After the flood it took weeks for the water level to go
down again.
inundação
flood = ___________________________
Environmental groups are gaining support among young
people.
*
apoio
support = _________________________
D
Brazil is rich in natural and mineral resources.
*
recurso
resource = ________________________
INGLÊS
291
E
Tax will be deducted automatically from your salary.
Complete the sentences below with the previous adjectives.
*
imposto
tax = _____________________________
A
IV. Combine the following verbs with their meanings below
and translate them.
A
B
C
D
E
F
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
to campaign
fazer campanha
( c ) = _______________________
to manufacture
fabricar
( e ) = _______________________
to blame
culpar
( f ) = _______________________
to rise
aumentar
( a ) = _______________________
to carry
levar, carregar
( d ) = _______________________
to agree
concordar
( b ) = _______________________
to increase; to go up.
to have the same opinion; to accept a suggestion.
to take part in a campaign.
to take (something or someone) somewhere, especially in
the hands.
to produce in large numbers.
to think or say that something or someone is responsible
for a bad happening.
Now, complete the following sentences with the verbs studied
above.
D
washable
This shirt is ________________
but don’t put it in the dryer.
E
comfortable
This is a very ___________________________
chair.
VI. Substantivo
CARE
+ sufixo
FUL
⇒ (adj.) =
cuidadoso (cheio de cuidado)
= __________________________________________________
Translate.
doloroso
painful = ___________________________________________
C
útil
useful = ___________________________________________
D
wonderful = maravilhoso
________________________________________
carry
Would you like me to _________________
your bag for you?
E
prejudicial
harmful = __________________________________________
manufactures
He works for a company that _________________________
car parts.
Complete the sentences below with the adjectives above.
agree
I know what you think we should do, but I don’t _________.
F
enjoyable
The wedding was an ________________________
occasion.
B
B
E
C
colorido
colorful = __________________________________________
rising
Inflation is ______________________
by 1% a month.
D
reliable
The subway is the most _______________________
way of
getting to the airport during rush hour.
A
A
C
B
drinkable
Is the water ____________________?
Yes, you may drink it.
campaigning
They have been __________________________
against the
construction of a new factory near here.
blames
He _______________________
his lack of confidence on his
mother.
V. Verbo USE + sufixo
ABLE
usável
⇒ (adj.) = ____________
1
painful
The death of my parents was a ________________________
experience for me.
Translate.
A
agradável
enjoyable = _____________________________
B
useful
Your advice has been very _________________.
Thank you.
B
confortável
comfortable = ___________________________
3
wonderful
John was rewarded for the __________________
job he did.
C
lavável
washable = _____________________________
_
D
4
harmful
The ____________
product was withdrawn from all stores.
bebível, potável
drinkable = ______________________________
E
confiável
reliable = _________________________
_______
5
colorful
The landscape was dotted with _______________
flowers.
292
INGLÊS
TEXT COMPREHENSION
(UPFI) – Choose the correct alternative, according to the text:
A O objetivo da campanha citada na introdução do texto é
a) proibir a exportação de chopsticks.
b) estimular a produção artesanal de chopsticks.
c) persuadir a população a consumir menos chopsticks de
madeira.
d) incentivar o surgimento de organizações ambientalistas na
China.
e) conscientizar a população para somente consumir
chopsticks de plástico ou de metal.
A expressão “primary eating utensil” (linha 4) remete a:
environmentalists (linha 1).
alarming number (linha 1).
chopsticks (linha 2).
trees (linha 2).
China (linha 1).
C
D Marque (F) se o enunciado for falso e (V) se for verdadeiro.
( F ) As enchentes contribuíram para o desmatamento.
( V )O desmatamento foi apontado como causa das enchentes.
( F ) Não houve relação direta entre o desmatamento e as
enchentes.
Marque a sequência correta.
a) F – V – F
b) F – F – V
c) F – V – V
d) V – V – F
e) V – F – V
B
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
d) é de origem controversa.
e) não pode ser datado historicamente.
O hábito de comer com os tradicionais “pauzinhos” de
madeira na China
a) data do ano de 1500.
b) é anterior à era cristã.
c) é posterior à era cristã.
E Na conclusão, o texto cita
a) medidas adotadas por empresários do setor privado na
China.
b) temas de outras campanhas ambientalistas desenvolvidas
na China.
c) itens da nova legislação para a correta reciclagem de
chopsticks na China.
d) ações práticas recentes visando ao melhor uso dos
recursos naturais na China.
e) procedimentos obrigatórios para a redução do consumo de
madeira na China.
ANOTAÇÕES
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
INGLÊS
293
Text: The New Seven Wonders
16
The seven wonders chosen in a global poll in which
a hundred-million votes were said to have been cast online,
by phone and by text message were announced one by
one in random order towards the end of a glamorous
ceremony in Lisbon.
First came the Great Wall of China, said to be the
only monument visible from space. Its certificate was
handed over to Chinese officials by Neil Armstrong, the
first man on the moon. Next up was Petra, the stone-carved
ancient city in Jordan, whose royal family led a campaign
for it. Rio de Janeiro's Statue of Christ the Redeemer also
made the cut after an appeal by Brazil's president for his
compatriots to vote. There were two other winners from the
Americas – Machu Picchu in Peru and Chichen Itza in
Mexico – representatives of ancient civilisations unknown The ruins of Machu Picchu in Peru.
to Antipater of Sidon, the Greek writer who drew up the
original list of wonders two-thousand-two-hundred years ago. The last two wonders were Rome's
Colosseum, described in its introduction as a symbol of joy and suffering, and the Taj Mahal. That
was announced by Bollywood star Bipasha Basu who, along with Oscar-winning actors Ben
Kingsley and Hilary Swank presented the ceremony.
The Pyramids at Giza, the only wonder on the original list still standing, had been made an
honorary candidate, guaranteed a mention. But Egyptian officials shunned the whole initiative
anyway as too commercial. At the ceremony's close, its Swiss organiser, Bernard Weber,
announced his next initiative – a global poll on the seven natural wonders of the world.
(Alison Roberts)
294
INGLÊS
A
(FATEC)
De acordo com o texto, milhões de pessoas agora têm um
motivo para
a) acreditar na caixa do correio.
Grand Theft Identity
b) temer a caixa do correio.
Millions of people now have a new reason to dread the
mailbox. In addition to the tried-and-true collection of Letters You
Never Want to See – the tax audit, the high cholesterol reading, the
college-rejection letter there is now the missive that reveals you are
on the fast track to becoming a victim of identity theft. Someone
may have taken possession of your credit-card info, bank account or
other personal data that would enable him or her to go on a
permanent shopping spree – leaving you to deal with the financial,
legal and psychic bills. Deborah Platt Majoras got the pain letter
recently, from DSW Shoe Warehouse. Hers was among more than
a million credit-card numbers that the merchant stored in an illprotected database. So when hackers busted in, they got the
information to buy stuff in her name – and 1.4 million other people’s
names. “It’s scary,” she says. “Part of it is the uncertainty that
comes with it, not knowing whether sometime in the next year my
credit-card number will be abused.” Now she must take steps to
protect herself, including re-examining charges closely, requesting a
credit report and contacting the U.S. Federal Trade Commission to
put her complaint into its ID-theft database. The latter step should
be easy for her, since Majoras is the FTC chairman.
c) proteger a caixa do correio.
d) limpar a caixa do correio.
e) abrir a caixa do correio.
RESOLUÇÃO:
Resposta: B
B
Segundo o texto,
a) quem se apoderar de um cartão de crédito de outrem não terá
como usá-lo para compras.
b) Deborah P. Majoras sentiu forte dor ao abrir a conta enviada
por seu psicanalista.
c) o número do cartão de crédito de Deborah P. Majoras fora
inserido num site devidamente protegido.
d) Deborah P. Majoras é presidente da “Federal Trade
Commission”.
e) a loja DSW Shoe Warehouse fica localizada no Shopping Spree.
RESOLUÇÃO:
Resposta: D
(Newsweek)
VOCABULARY
B
I’ve been sitting in my room for the past hours_______
wondering
_________________
how I’m going to begin this letter.
I.
II.
The translation of “The new seven wonders” is
As novas sete maravilhas
C
Look at the chart
D
wandering ___
She was found several hours later, __________________
the streets, lost.
No wonder
____________________
the children are excited, this is the
first time they’ve been abroad.
Wonder – Wonderful – To wonder –
To wander – Wonderfully – No wonder
E
I used to hate my brother when I was a child but now we
wonderfully
get on ____________________.
Now, fill in the blanks with these expressions.
A
wonderful
He’s a _______________________
___ cook!
F
wonder
She could barely conceal her ___________________
as she
gazed around the richly decorated room.
INGLÊS
295
III. Look at the chart.
E
To choose – Chose – Chosen – Choice
cast
The citizens ___________________
their votes for president.
depositaram
* cast = ______________________________
Now, complete the following sentences
votar
* to cast one’s vote ⇒ __________________
A
B
choose
You can ______________________
the classes you want to
take.
VI.
em
direção a
___________________
Toward(s)
em
relação a
___________________
choice
If the product doesn’t work you are given the ___________
of a refund or a replacement.
A
toward(s)
I turned _____________________
John when he called me.
IV. Look at the chart.
Poll – Research – Survey
Complete the sentences.
A
B
VII. Turn into Portuguese.
A
research/ survey
The linguist’s ___________________
required travel in India.
“… Disseram que cem milhões de votos foram feitos on line…”
to cast – cast – cast
⎧⎨
⎩
cast
desviar (olhar)
_________________
votar (voto)
_________________
elenco
___________________
gesso
___________________
cast
John’s broken arm was in a _____________
for two months.
gesso
* cast = ____________________________
cast
Anne _____________
a stone into the water.
atirou
* cast = _____________________________
D
VIII.Match these expressions with their explanations.
A
B
C
a)
b)
c)
poll
( A)
random order ( B )
compatriots
( C)
election
unpredictable sequence with no pattern
fellow countrymen/ women
IX. Match the columns.
cast
After the play, the audience applauded the _____________.
elenco
* cast = ____________________________
C
“… a hundred-million votes were said to have been cast
on line…”
atirar
_________________
Complete and translate:
B
toward(s)
What are your feelings _________________________
capital
punishment?
poll
The latest ______________
indicated the major’s popularity
was improving.
V.
A
B
cast
The moment Bill __________________
his eyes on Mary, he
wanted to ask her for a date.
dirigiu, desviou
* cast = _____________________________
296
INGLÊS
1) officials
1
h
a) vencedores
2) moon
2
e
b) garantir
3) royal family
3
g
c) ainda
4) appeal
4
f
d) de qualquer forma
5) winners
5
a
e) lua
6) unknown
6
i
f) apelo
7) still
7
c
g) família real
8) guarantee
8
b
h) autoridades
9) whole
9
j
i)
desconhecidos
10) anyway
10
d
j)
toda
X. Fill in the blanks using words from the column.
A
XIII.Turn into Portuguese the following excerpt from the text.
“…Christ the Redeemer also made the cut…”
officials
Dozens of foreign _________________
attended the prime
minister’s funeral.
“… Cristo Redentor também chegou na reta final…”
B
unknown
The actual number of stars in the universe is _____________.
C
appeal
My __________________
for justice went unnoticed.
D
whole
David ate the ________________________cake.
XI. Translate the underlined expression from the text,
“…whose royal family led a compaign for it.”
TEXT COMPREHENSION
Answer in Portuguese.
liderou uma campanha.
A
Quais são as novas sete maravilhas do mundo?
A Grande Muralha da China, a cidade de Petra, o Cristo Redentor,
conduzir,
levar
___________________
To lead – led – led
Machu Picchu, Chicken Itza, o Coliseu e o Taj Mahal.
liderar
___________________
orientar
___________________
Translate the underlined expressions
A
Under the president’s wise leadership, the country prospered.
liderança
= _____________________________
B
B
The city council has banned the sale of paint that has lead
in it.
chumbo
= _____________________________
De que forma as sete novas maravilhas do mundo foram
escolhidas?
As pessoas do mundo todo votaram pela internet, por telefone
ou por mensagem de texto.
C
The leading car in the race suddenly blew a tire.
principal
= _____________________________
D
The leader vowed to win the war.
líder
= _______________________
XII. Match these expressions with their explanations below.
A
B
C
D
a)
b)
c)
d)
drew up
( B)
C
honorary
( D)
Ele nos diz que é a única maravilha do mundo antigo que ainda
shunned
( C)
permanece na lista e que se tornou um candidato honorário.
initiative
( A)
O que o texto nos diz sobre as pirâmides de Gizé?
idea or plan (usually new).
assigned, thought of.
ignored and rejected.
special with no need to go through the official process.
INGLÊS
297
Módulos 9 e 10 – Reflexive, Emphasizing and
Reciprocal Pronouns / Text
I.
Complete the sentences with a word or expression from
the list and an appropriate reflexive pronoun.
LIKE
CUT
BEHAVE
ENJOY
HELP
TAKE
CARE OF
A
N
O
LOOK AT
CONTROL
P
HURT
BLAME
An elephant ________________________ when it tried to
get out of the zoo yesterday.
Q
B
I _______________________ in the mirror every day.
R
C
Don’t ________________________; it wasn’t your mistake.
S
D
Don’t get angry. _____________________!
E
F
G
H
I
J
II.
K
L
M
T
Did you and Helen ______________________ at the circus?
The hostess said to the guests: “_____________________
to the food and drinks.”
John ___________________________ whenever he shaves.
Self-esteem is important. It’s important for people
____________________________.
You must all ________________________ as soon as you
enter the room.
Did someone help you clean the room, or did you do it all
by __________________?
The new software is so easy. It just seems to run by
_____________________________.
John and Jane talked to _____________________________
about their plans.
The dog hurt _____________________________________
jumping from the roof.
Have we got to do it all by ___________________________?
You may think Stan is telling the truth, but I _____________
__________________ don’t believe him.
Now that their children are grown, Mr. and Mrs. Green live
by ___________________________.
GIVE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
A KID A HAND
The first five years of a child’s life are critical, the
experts tell us. That’s when their characters are formed.
That’s when caring counts. Someone to show them how to
do things. Someone just to hold them. Unfortunately, for
many of the world’s children, that’s just what they don’t get.
And society suffers as a result – because a deprived child
has a lot less chance of growing up an adjusted adult.
Some of us believe we can change things – or at least try.
And we need your help. No, don’t reach for your pocket.
It’s not your money – it’s you we want. In your community
there are dozens of ways you can make personal contact
with kids and make a difference to their lives. Maybe you’ll
help one to read, to play a game, to learn to laugh. Maybe
you’ll just be the hand that holds out a little hope...
(UNIFIL)
I don’t need any help. I can __________________________.
III. Translate the following words and expressions.
U
21
Give a hand = ______________________________________
U
22
a kid = _____________________________________________
U
23
experts = __________________________________________
You must all behave __________________ _______ when
you are at someone’s house.
U
24
character = ________________________________________
Where did you, Helen, hurt _________________________ ?
U
25
when caring counts = _______________________________
Complete with reflexive, emphasizing or reciprocal
pronouns.
Friends often give presents to
_____________________ at Christmas.
298
INGLÊS
___________
U
26
to hold = ___________________________________________
U
27
unfortunately = _____________________________________
U
28
that’s just = ________________________________________
U
29
society suffers as a result = __________________________
U
30
a deprived child = ___________________________________
U
31
less chance = ______________________________________
U
32
of growing up = ____________________________________
U
33
at least = __________________________________________
U
34
don’t reach for your pocket = _________________________
U
35
dozens of ways = ___________________________________
U
36
maybe = ___________________________________________
U
37
a game = __________________________________________
U
38
to learn to laugh = ___________________________________
U
39
a little hope = _______________________________________
U
40
Come on = _______________________________________
Módulos 11 e 12 – Text
Seventeen years later, in 1993, on an October evening, I
was sitting comfortably at home flipping through the television
channels and I heard the local news anchor say, “Did you ever
dream of running away with the circus? Well, now you don’t
have to run away. Right after our commercial break we will take
you on a visit to the first school where any more-or-less average
person can learn the flying trapeze.” Immediately, he had my
undivided attention. The five-minute segment that followed
reported that Stephan Gaudreau, a trapeze artist who had
recently been performing at Circus-Circus in Reno, with the
Flying Angels, had established a training program open to the
public at the San Francisco School of Circus Arts. The next
Wednesday I went to the old gymnasium that housed the circus
school to observe the beginners class and satisfy my curiosity.
(UNEMAT)
I. Match the columns.
IV. Text Comprehension
U
41
Mark the wrong option.
We can infer from the text that
a) 0-5 year-old children who receive good guiding in this period
have more chance to become adjusted adults.
b) readers are being asked to contribute with money.
c) the way children are educated can affect society.
d) the help needed has to do with personal actions anyone can
do.
e) readers can make a difference to a kid’s life.
U
42
Analise os elementos linguísticos retirados do texto:
I. The word “critical” (line 2) contains a suffix and qualifies
the first five years of a child’s life.
II. “Us” (line 2) refers to readers in general.
III. “Unfortunately” (line 7) introduces an idea of contrast.
IV. “Maybe you’ll help one to read” (lines 19 and 20) gives an
idea of certainty in the future.
Estão corretas:
a) I, II e III.
c) Apenas III e IV.
e) Nenhuma.
b) Apenas I e II.
d) Todas.
A later
1
a) já
B to flip through
2
b) relatar, contar
C channels
3
c) logo depois
D local news
4
d) apresentar-se
E ever
5
e) mais ou menos
F to dream of
6
f) normal
G to run away
7
g) canais
H right after
8
h) iniciantes
I break
9
i)
sonhar com
J more-or-less
10
j)
abrigar
K average
11
k) intervalo
L to learn
12
l)
M to report
13
m) depois
N to perform
14
n) Anjos Voadores
O Flying Angels
15
o) fugir
programa de treinamento
P training program 16
p) mudar
Q to house
17
q) aprender
R beginners
18
r) noticiário local
II.
Text Comprehension
S
Dadas as afirmações:
O narrador soube das aulas de trapézio por meio de um
comercial de TV.
II. Flying Angels é o nome de um programa de treinamento
em artes circenses.
III. A expressão “any more-or-less average person”, no texto,
indica que não são requeridas qualificações específicas
para as aulas de trapézio.
Assinale
a) se apenas I e II estiverem corretas.
b) se I, II e III estiverem corretas.
c) se apenas a II estiver correta.
d) se apenas a III estiver correta.
e) se apenas a I estiver correta.
I.
INGLÊS
299
1
Hundreds of native tribes inhabited Brazil at the time of the
arrival of Europeans, the earliest going back at least 10,000
years in the highlands of Minas Gerais. They
5
divided into four main language groups: the Tupi-Guarani, the
Gê, the Carib and the Arawak. The Tu p i - G u a r a n i
predominated along the Atlantic coast; the Gê peoples lived
on the open central
10 plateau. Caribs and Arawaks, who were more advanced in
technology, especially pottery making, lived in the Amazon
basin. The most agressive were the Caribs, who were warlike
and sometimes
15 practiced canibalism, as did the Tupi living on the seacoast.
Most Brazilian Indians dwelled in temporary villages.
(UNEMAT)
III. Find the equivalent to these words and expressions in
English. They are underlined in the text to help you.
T
U
21
U
22
U
23
U
24
U
25
U
26
U
27
U
28
U
29
U
30
U
31
U
32
U
33
U
34
U
35
U
36
U
37
povos = ___________________________________________
planaltos = _________________________________________
bacia = ____________________________________________
a maioria = _________________________________________
habitavam = _______________________________________
avançados = _______________________________________
moravam = ________________________________________
centenas de = _____________________________________
U
39
Circle the incorrect alternative.
a) Divided, predominated and lived are examples of regular
verbs in the past tense.
b) The Tupi practiced canibalism.
c) Inhabited (linha 1), lived (linha 9) and dwelled (linha 17) are
synonyms.
d) Most Brazilian Indians used to move constantly from a
place to another.
e) The Arawaks lived in the Amazon River.
Módulos 13 e 14 – Quantifiers / Text
I.
Complete the following sentences with MUCH or MANY.
A
Jennifer usually drinks too _____________ coffee.
B
C
D
E
F
There are too ____________ people starving in the world
today.
How ______________ jewelry do you usually wear?
Peter’s mailbox is generally empty. He doesn’t get
_______________ mail.
_______________ has been said about the subject.
How _______________ teeth do babies usually have when
they’re born?
guerreiros = ________________________________________
faziam = ___________________________________________
II.
os primeiros = ______________________________________
principais = ________________________________________
fabricação de cerâmica = ____________________________
chegada = _________________________________________
costa = ____________________________________________
aldeias temporárias = _______________________________
pelo menos = ______________________________________
praticavam = _______________________________________
H
I
J
K
U
38 Which of the following alternatives is not correct, according
to the text?
a) As tribos brasileiras mais antigas estavam localizadas numa
área onde hoje se situa o Estado de Minas Gerais.
b) Havia mais de 10.000 tribos no Brasil na época da chegada
dos europeus.
c) Highlands (linha 4) e plateau (linha 10) são termos que
designam acidentes geográficos.
d) As tribos brasileiras dividiam-se em grupos de acordo com
a língua que falavam.
e) A tribo Tupi vivia no litoral.
300
G
INGLÊS
L
Complete the following sentences with LITTLE, A LITTLE,
FEW or A FEW.
My mother couldn’t make the cake because there was
_____________________ sugar.
Carol likes sweet tea. She usually adds ____________
honey to her tea.
I have ______________ patience with people who interrupt
my dinner to try to sell me something.
I have to go to the post office because I have ___________
letters to mail.
You might reach your goal if you put forth ___________
effort.
The professor lectured very clearly. As a result, _________
students had questions at the end of the class period.
III. Complete the following sentences with MUCH or VERY.
M
___________ to our surprise, they won the game.
N
Think about it _______________ carefully before deciding.
O
Why do you put so _______________ pepper in your food?
P
Q
Living in a big city is sometimes ____________________
harder than living in a small village.
They have a ___________________ satisfactory working
relationship.
IV. Complete the following sentences with LESS or FEWER.
R
I’ve got _____________ cash than I thought I had.
S
The ______________ children, the _____________ expense.
T
U
21
U
22
There are no _____________ than 50 students in the
classroom.
a)
c)
e)
U
35
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
In the text, the word YET stands for
however.
b) almost.
therefore.
d) despite.
instead.
In which of the following sentences the word “cell” has
the same meaning as shown in the text?
She’s just bought a new cell phone.
In the picture, you can clearly see that every cell contains
a nucleus.
Changes caused by the radiation first occur at the cell
level.
They are looking at the cells under the microscope.
All inmates are in their cells at present.
This car needs ___________ gas to run than mine.
VII. Circle the correct form.
The doctor told him to eat _________ sugar and _________
snacks.
We must do something about the rising cost of our state
prisons. It now costs an average of $225 per day to maintain a
prisoner in a double-occupancy cell in a state prison. Yet, in the
most expensive cities in the world, one can find rooms in the
finest hotels which rent for less than $175 per night.
V. Translate the following words and expressions.
U
23
U
24
U
25
U
26
U
27
U
28
U
29
U
30
U
31
U
32
U
34
we must do = ______________________________________
rising cost = ________________________________________
state prisons = _____________________________________
it costs = __________________________________________
U
36
U
37
U
38
U
39
U
40
average = __________________________________________
double-occupancy cell = _____________________________
the most expensive cities = __________________________
U
41
Not ________________ days ago I met a very interesting
person.
much – many – little
I have to go to the post office because I have ___________
letters to mail.
fewer – a little – a few
Everyone needs __________________ luck in life.
a little – many – very
____________________ people are waiting for the pop star.
Much – A lot of – Very
There are _____________ inhabitants in London than in São
Paulo.
fewer – less – very more
_________________ has been written on this low-carb diet.
Very – A few – Much
one can find = ______________________________________
the finest hotels = __________________________________
rent for less = ______________________________________
VI. Text Comprehension
Circle the right alternatives.
U
33 According to the text,
a) most state prisons all over the world can be compared to
some of the finest hotels.
b) very costly hotels used to charge more than $225 per
night.
c) three prisoners in a cell where there’s room enough for
only two cost $225 per day.
d) it’s possible to find rooms in very good hotels for which
you’ll pay per night less than the cost to maintain a
prisoner per day.
e) $175 is the cost of a hotel room in the most expensive
cities around the world.
When hiccups won’t stop
Imagine hiccups that don’t stop – for hours, even days. Then
the nuisance turns into a nightmare. Though relatively
uncommon, chronic intractable hiccups can be brought on by a
variety of infections, injuries, and metabolic disorders. In some
cases, doctors prescribe dozens of different remedies, from
narcotics to anesthetics; yet the hiccups persist.
Now neurologists have discovered that a drug commonly
used to treat high blood pressure can relieve endless hiccuping
when nothing else works. The drug, nifedipine, prevents calcium
from entering muscle cells, where the mineral may act as a
stimulant. One hiccup sufferer who found relief on nifedipine
tried to stop taking it after one, three and six months. Each time,
her hiccups returned.
(UNIFIL)
INGLÊS
301
I.
Match the columns.
For 250 million children, today is a workday, not a school
day. Children as young as five years old are part of the global
workforce. In factories and in fields, children work up to 15
hours a day, seven days a week. Matches, rugs, soccer balls,
leather goods, paper cups, toys, shoes, fireworks – all of these
products are made by tiny hands.
Child labor is one of the worst forms of exploitation. Child
workers are deprived of schooling, beaten and sexually abused,
and crippled by work-related illnesses and injuries. Children are
sold to employers who pay impoverished families for the use of
their children, often to young adulthood.
In Brazil, the Solidarity Center is working with unions,
government organizations, businesses, and community groups
to promote worker rights, racial equality, and social justice.
The Solidarity Center is fighting child labor worldwide.
Thanks to Solidarity Center programs, more kids are staying in
schools.
(ESEF)
A hiccup
1
a) embora
B even
2
b) receitar
C then
3
c) contudo, entretanto
D senile
4
d) causar
E nuisance
5
e) interminável
F nightmare
6
f) pressão
G though
7
g) até mesmo
H to bring on
8
h) a caminho
I injuries
9
i)
nada mais
J disorders
10
j)
distúrbios
K to prescribe
11
k) células musculares
L dozens
12
l)
M yet
13
m) soluço
U
25
trabalho infantil = ___________________________________
N commonly
14
n) aliviar / alívio
U
26
até = ______________________________________________
O pressure
15
o) aquele que sofre
U
27
graças a = _________________________________________
P to relieve / relief
16
p) aborrecimento, incômodo
U
28
brinquedos = _______________________________________
Q endless
17
q) então
U
29
sindicatos = ________________________________________
R nothing else
18
r) impedir
U
30
pequeninas = _______________________________________
S to work
s) dúzias
U
31
bolas de futebol = ___________________________________
19
T to prevent
t) transformar-se em
U
32
está combatendo = _________________________________
20
U
21 muscle cells
u) comumente
U
33
exploração = _______________________________________
21
U
34
fogos de artifício = __________________________________
U
22 sufferer
22
v) pesadelo
U
35
direitos trabalhistas = ________________________________
Text Comprehension
U
36
dia útil = ___________________________________________
Circle the correct alternatives.
U
37
tapetes = __________________________________________
U
38
igualdade racial = ___________________________________
U
39
doenças = _________________________________________
U
40
mundialmente = ____________________________________
U
41
mão de obra = ______________________________________
U
42
artigos de couro = __________________________________
U
43
frequentemente = __________________________________
U
44
empregadores = ____________________________________
II.
U
23
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
lesões
The text tells us that the drug called nifedipine
is an effective stimulant.
causes high blood pressure.
stimulates the action of calcium.
helps calcium to act as a mineral.
doesn’t allow calcium to enter muscle cells.
U
24 In the sentence “In some cases, doctors prescribe dozens
of different remedies, from narcotics to anesthetics; yet the
hiccups persist”, the underlined word can be substituted by:
a) through.
b) although.
c) therefore.
d) however.
e) consequently.
302
INGLÊS
III. Find the equivalent to these words and expressions in
English. They are underlined in the text to help you.
U
45
idade adulta = ______________________________________
U
46
campos = __________________________________________
U
47
xícaras = ___________________________________________
U
48
U
49
U
50
U
51
U
52
U
53
U
54
são privadas de = ___________________________________
fósforos = __________________________________________
ferimentos = _______________________________________
Circle the correct alternatives.
U
55
a)
b)
c)
d)
fábricas = __________________________________________
aleijados = _________________________________________
e)
Qual é a função do “Solidarity Center” (Centro de Solidariedade) no mundo?
Ajudar os pais das crianças a arrumar emprego e ter
melhores salários.
Recuperar crianças que foram vendidas.
Eliminar o trabalho infantil no mundo.
Encaminhar para hospitais e orfanatos crianças que
sofreram abuso sexual.
Arrumar empregos para crianças para que ajudem no
orçamento familiar.
pobres = ___________________________________________
surradas = _________________________________________
ANOTAÇÕES
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
INGLÊS
303
Módulos 13 e 14 – Quantifiers/Text
Inglês
I.
Módulos 9 e 10 – Reflexive, Emphasizing and
I.
II.
III.
IV.
A
C
E
G
I
K
M
O
Q
S
U
21
U
23
U
25
U
27
U
29
U
30
U
32
U
34
U
35
U
37
U
39
U
41
Reciprocal Pronouns / Text
B
D
F
H
J
hurt itself
blame yourself
enjoy yourselves
cuts himself
behave yourselves
L
N
P
R
T
each other
yourself
itself
itself
myself
U
22
U
24
U
26
U
28
ajude
especialistas
quando a atenção conta
infelizmente
Control yourself
Help yourselves
U
31
U
33
de crescer
take care of myself
um jogo
um pouco de esperança
Resposta: B
U
36
U
38
U
40
U
42
yourself(-ves)
each other
themselves
uma criança
caráter
abraçar
II.
III.
A
F
K
P
S
M
I
F
L
B
G
L
Q
P
O
Q
J
G
C
B
38 Resposta: B
IV. U
INGLÊS
M
P
R
U
21
MUCH
A FEW
menos chance
pelo menos
MUCH
MUCH
LESS
I
L
VERY
O
U
33
MANY
LITTLE
FEW
MUCH
T
FEWER / LESS
FEWER
LESS / FEWER
U
24
U
26
U
28
U
30
U
32
precisamos fazer
prisões estaduais
média
as cidades mais caras
os melhores hotéis
U
34
Resposta: D
MUCH
VERY
S
U
22
LESS
A LITTLE
A LITTLE
N
Q
MUCH
C
F
MANY
H
K
LITTLE
VI.
isto é exatamente
custo crescente
custa
cela com dois prisioneiros
pode-se encontrar
alugam por menos de
U
35
Resposta: A
Resposta: E
VII.
U
36
U
39
U
37
U
40
many
A lot of
U
38
U
41
a few
fewer
a little
Much
talvez
aprender a rir
Vamos
I.
Resposta: A
D
I
N
R
K
D
H
EA
JE
ON
A
F
K
P
U
21
M
V
B
N
K
B
G
L
Q
U
22
C
H
M
R
H
A
S
E
Q
D
C
I
D
I
N
S
P
L
U
G
E
J
O
T
T
J
F
R
O
II.
U
23
U
24
Resposta: E
Resposta: D
III.
Resposta: D
T peoples
U
22 basin
U
24 inhabited
U
26 dwelled
U
28 warlike
U
30 the earliest
U
32 pottery making
U
34 coast
U
36 at least
304
C
H
M
R
G
J
B
E
MUCH
V.
U
23
U
25
U
27
U
29
U
31
ourselves
I.
IV.
yourselves
não procure no seu bolso
dúzias de maneiras
III.
to like themselves
a sociedade sofre como resultado
uma criança excluída
II.
look at myself
A
D
U
21
U
23
U
25
U
27
U
29
U
31
U
33
U
35
U
37
U
39
practiced
U
25
U
28
U
31
U
34
U
37
U
40
U
43
U
46
U
49
U
52
Resposta: E
IV. U
55 Resposta: C
highlands
most
advanced
hundreds of
did
main
arrival
temporary villages
child labor
toys
soccer balls
fireworks
rugs
worldwide
often
fields
matches
crippled
U
26
U
29
U
32
U
35
U
38
U
41
U
44
U
47
U
50
U
53
up to
unions
is fighting
worker rights
racial equality
workforce
employers
cups
injuries
impoverished
U
27
U
30
U
33
U
36
U
39
U
42
U
45
U
48
U
51
U
54
thanks to
tiny
exploitation
workday
illnesses
leather goods
adulthood
are deprived of
factories
beaten

Inglês

Transcription

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