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18th
Inuit Studies
Conference
A rctic | I nuit | C onnections
“Learning from the Top of the World”
Washington D.C. October 24th - 28th 2012
Partners
Smithsonian Institution
Table
of
Welcome
Contents
2
Assistant Secretary of Science, Smithsonian Institution
2
Director, National Museum of the American Indian
2
Chair, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History
3
Director, Anthropology Collections & Archives Program
3
Inuit Studies Conference
Sponsors
The Embassy of the Russian Federation
Inuvialuit Regional Corporation
The Oak Foundation
Recovering Voices, NMNH
Kipling Gallery
Herb and Cece Screiber Foundation
Venture Metal Works Inc
George Kriarakis & Associates Ltd.
Program designed by Rachael Marr
Cover Image Credits
Helen Kalvak, Fishing, 1975, Paper/Ink, Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution (26/7189)
Tivi Paningina, Inuk Stalking a Polar Bear, 1974, Paper/Ink, Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution (26/7185)
Mona Ohoveluk Kuneyuna, Stealing, 1975, Paper/Ink, Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution (26/7184)
Thomassie Echaluk, Hunter Attaching Bait, 1974, Paper/Ink, Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution (26/7191)
Unknown, Dr. Lionel Solursh (Donor), Print, 1973, Paper/Ink, Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution (26/7188
5
Conference Advisory Board
4
ISC Committee
6
Plenary Speakers
8
Schedule-at-a-Glance
10
Film Program
20
Film Schedule
20
Film Summaries
22
Film Session Abstracts
25
Interactive Webcast
29
Interactive Webcast Overview
29
Interactive Webcast Schedule
29
Conference Themes
Sessions and Speakers
Paper Abstracts
Exhibitions
Collections
About Washington DC
Performances
Indices
Acknowledgments
DC Area Map
31
33
53
155
157
160
163
164
174
175
**
= We are grateful to the Embassy of the Russian Federation for its generous support that covered the printing of the conference program.
18 th Inuit Studies Conference Program |
1
Welcome
Welcome to Washington, to the U.S. National Mall, to the Smithsonian Institution and to the
Welcome from Chair, Department of Anthropology
18th Inuit Studies Conference—the first ever to be convened in the Lower ’48! We have planned
It is a great pleasure to welcome you to the 18th biennial Inuit Studies Conference and to the
As you are aware, this meeting is being held at a time when the world is undergoing profound
an important international forum for engaged and meaningful dialogue between northern
on the world’s political, economic, social, and cultural life. These changing conditions and
Connections: Learning from the Top of the World” promises to continue this longstanding
an exciting and diverse program under the theme: “Learning From the Top of the World.”
Smithsonian Institution. For over three decades the Inuit Studies Conference has served as
changes in climate, biodiversity, and life systems, and these shifts are having major impacts
communities and scholars. This year’s conference program and its theme, “Inuit/Arctic
their interrelationships are the grist that will be considered from an Arctic perspective by a
tradition. I wish you all a very successful and productive conference.
Welcome
Welcome from the Under Secretary of Science, Smithsonian Institution
host of specialists over the course of four days from 24-28 October. Central to the program
Eva J. P ell
Under Secretary of Science
Smithsonian Institution
will be daily plenary sessions featuring leading researchers and Inuit leaders, a conference
banquet, and a closing panel reviewing findings and road-maps for the future. In addition
to scholarly symposia, lectures, and presentations, ISC-18 attendees will experience Arctic
exhibitions; tour collection, conservation, and education facilities; take part in a film festival
and performing arts programs; and consult with government agencies, foundations, and NGOs. Interactive media will
bring many conference activities directly to northern communities. The Arctic Studies Center has engaged a wide sector
of Smithsonian institutions and staff in ISC-18. On behalf of the entire Smithsonian family and our conference partners
we invite you to be part of the Smithsonian’s core mission: “the increase and diffusion of knowledge” –and in this case, I
Mary Jo Arnoldi
Chair, Department of
Anthropology
Welcome from the Director, Anthropology Collections & Archives Program
Greetings Colleagues,
mean Arctic and Inuit knowledge!
On behalf of my staff and colleagues in the Anthropology Collections and Archives Program
Welcome from the Director of the National Museum of the American Indian
(CAP) at the Smithsonian’s Museum Support Center, it is my pleasure to welcome you to the
18th Inuit Studies Conference. We look forward to providing you access to one of the richest
Dear ISC Conference-goers,
and most varied collections of northern anthropological materials assembled anywhere
It is my great pleasure to welcome the Inuit Studies Conference to the National Museum of the
in the world. As many of you know, some of the Smithsonian’s oldest and most systematic
American Indian. Inuit feature strongly in our collections, exhibitions, and public programs,
ethnological and archaeological collections are the product of research in Alaska, Canada
and the opportunity to co-host people and their creations this prestigious conference with
and Greenland. This includes important mid- to late-nineteenth century artifact collections
so many Inuit participants has been warmly embraced by our staff. In addition to attending
the opening festivities and scholarly sessions in our museum, please take some time to
visit the special exhibition, “Arctic Voyages / Ancient Memories: the Sculpture of Abraham
Anghik Ruben,” which we have mounted to coincide with your conference. Not only is the
exhibition a spectacular demonstration of the creativity of modern Inuit artists; it highlights
Kevin Gover
Director, National Museum
of the American Indian
new discoveries about Inuit connections with other peoples and cultures, topics which will be
explored in depth during your meetings here. Welcome all! And remind your friends to explore
the NMAI on their next trip to Washington, D.C.
2 | 18 th Inuit Studies Conference Program
Jake Homiak
Director, Anthropology
Collections & Archives
Program Department of
Anthropology, NMNH
Smithsonian Museum
Support Center
made by Edward Nelson, Roderick MacFarlane, and Lucien Turner, among many others.
These collections are joined by an array of rich cultural, linguistic, photograph, film, and
artwork materials held in the National Anthropological Archives and the Human Studies Film
Archives. There researchers can access language materials by ethnographers such as Frederica
de Laguna, photographs by Henry Collins and Edward S. Curtis, watercolors of Inuit life
scenes by Henry Wood Elliott, and historic moving Inuit life by William van Valin (1919) and
Father Bernard Hubbard (1938-42). I trust we will learn from each other as you engage our
collections during the conference period or in future research visits.
18 th Inuit Studies Conference Program
|3
Welcome
Aqqaluk Lynge is the Chair of the Inuit Circumpolar Council, Greenland since 2006. Mr. Lynge graduated from
the National Danish School of Social Work in 1976. He has promoted the rights of Indigenous Peoples both
in his home country of Greenland and globally since his youth. He has demonstrated a deep commitment to
pan-Inuit unity since the early 1970s and, before becoming ICC President in 1997, he served as a continuous
member of the ICC Executive Council since 1980. Mr. Lynge was first elected to the Greenland Parliament
in 1983 and has served both as a Member of Parliament and as a Minister of various portfolios. Mr. Lynge is
widely published, having written books of poetry, essays and politics and has contributed to several works and
anthologies written in the English, Greenlandic, French and Nordic languages.
Willie Hensley, retired, was the Manager of Federal Government Relations for Alyeska Pipeline Service
Company. Mr. Hensley was born in Kotzebue, a small community in Northwest Alaska about 40 miles
above the Arctic Circle. His family lived on the Noatak River delta and lived by hunting, fishing and
trapping. Hensley was a founder of NANA Regional Corporation, served as a director for 20 years
and concluded his career there as President. Hensley graduated from George Washington University in
About the Inuit Studies Conference
The Inuit Studies Conferences (ISC) began in 1978 in Quebec City when members of the Inuksiutiit Katijamiit Association,
founded at Laval University, invited scholars to share their research on topics ranging from linguistics to social and
economic development to archaeology and cultural heritage concerning Inuit. Since then the ISC meeting has met every
two years in different cities worldwide.
The 18th ISC is hosted by the Arctic Studies Center at the Smithsonian Institution in WAshington, DC. For more than
160 years, The Smithsonian Institution has contributed to northern studies through research and collecting northern
materials, with an emphasis on exhibitions, publications, and public education. Proximity to government, foundations, and
international agencies, makes the historic district of Washington, DC an ideal location for the 18th Inuit Studies Conference.
The biennial Inuit Studies Conference serves the critical function of drawing together scholars and Inuit representatives
to share research results in the fields of archaeology, anthropology, linguistics, political governance, environmental
science, health, education, and culture.
Washington, D. C. with a bachelor’s degree in Political Science and a minor in Economics. Hensley was
elected to the Alaska State House of Representatives and then to the Senate for a four-year term.
Historic Locations of the ISC
Nancy Karetak-Lindell of Arviat, Nunavut, is the Former Canadian Member of Parliament for Nunavut
17th ISC Université du Québec Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Val d’Or, Québec, Canada (2010)
where she served four consecutive terms from 1997 to 2008. During her term she she sat on the Aboriginal
Affairs, Northern Development and Natural Resources Committee as Vice-Chair and Chair. She served on
other Committees with special relevance to the North including Fisheries and Oceans and Environment
and Sustainable Development. She also served on the Child Custody and Access, Canadian Heritage,
and Status of Women Committees. She is now the Director of the Arctic Voices Fellowships of the Walter
Welcome
Conference Advisory Board
16th ISC St. John’s College, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (2008)
15th ISC National Institute of Oriental Languages and Civilizations, Paris, France (2006)
14th ISC The Arctic Institute of North America, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (2004)
13th ISC Department of Alaska Native and Rural Development, Anchorage, Alaska, USA (2002)
and Duncan Gordon Foundation.
12th ISC University of Aberdeen, Scotland (2000)
Vera Kingeekuk Metcalf was born in the Yupik community of Savoonga (Sivungaq) on St. Lawrence
10th ISC Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada (1996)
Island, Alaska. Vera Metcalf continues to work in the support of Native Alaskan cultural heritage,
ecological knowledge, and indigenous languages. She is Director of the Eskimo Walrus Commission
(EWC) in Nome, Alaska; is a member of the Inuit Circumpolar Council Alaska and its Executive
Committee and is a former commissioner for the US Arctic Research Commission.
11th ISC Ilisimatusarfik, University of Greenland, Greenland (1998)
9th ISC
Arctic College, Nunatta Campus, Iqaluit, Northwest Territories, Canada (1994)
8th ISC
Université Laval, Québec, Canada (1992)
7th ISC
University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, USA (1990)
6th ISC
University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (1988)
5th ISC
McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (1986)
4th ISC
Concordia University, Montréal, Canada (1984)
3rd ISC
University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada (1982)
2nd ISC
1st ISC
|5
Welcome
Welcome
18th Inuit Studies Conference Committee
Message from the 18th Inuit Studies Conference Program Committee
Dear ISC Conference-goers,
Welcome to Washington and to the Smithsonian Institution! The Program Committee is immensely
pleased to have you here on the Nation’s Mall to participated in the 18th biennial Inuit Studies
Conference. We hope you will find the meeting both productive and memorable—not only because
of the conference sessions, speakers, and scholarly activities but because of the rich cultural and
historical resources of the Smithsonian Institution and Washington D.C. You will find conference
Douglas Herman, ISC Commitee NMAI Representative, is Senior Geographer for the Smithsonian
National Museum of the American Indian. He is the creator of Pacific Worlds, a web-based indigenous-
geography project for Hawai‘i and the Pacific, focusing on place-based cultural understandings. His work
has focused on the representation of Indigenous cultures and the importance of Indigenous knowledge. venues in various places around the Mall: in our conference headquarters in the S. Dillon Ripley
Center entered through the kiosk next to the Smithsonian Metro stop, at the National Museum of
William Fitzhugh Natural History, the National Museum of the American Indian, and the Woodrow Wilson center
Director, Arctic Studies
Center, Smithsonian
Institution
Igor Krupnik, ISC Program Chair is Curator of Arctic and Northern Ethnology at the NMNH Department
for Scholars. In addition to conference proceedings, you will find special Inuit-themed exhibitions,
of Anthropology. His area of expertise includes cultural heritage and ecological knowledge of the people of the
conference’s “Learning from the top of the world” to the wider public and to communities in the
and sea.
collection tours, a banquet, and a film festival. Special efforts have been made to extend the
North via networking and social media. Don’t be surprised if you find yourself in front of a camera! Please use the time
Arctic; contact history; and the impact of modern climate change on Arctic residents, their use of polar land
around the edges of the formal sessions to explore the Smithsonian’s museums and exhibitions, to share your knowledge
with our visitors, and to meet museum scholars and staff. Enjoy!
William Fitzhugh, Chair, ISC Planning Committee, directs the Smithsonian’s Arctic Studies Center and curates
northern archaeological collections in the Department of Anthropology. His research ranges across the circumpolar
region. He has curated exhibitions on a variety of northern subjects (Crossroads, Ainu, Vikings, Old Bering Sea art)
and currently in engaged in research on studies of climate change, rock art and archaeology in the Mongolian Altai,
and 16/17th century Basque/Inuit relations in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence.
Judith Burch, Curator of Culture on Cloth and Inuit Images: Prints from the Canadian Arctic, is a Research
Collaborator at the Arctic Studies Center in the National Museum of Natural History and honorary board
member of Nunavut Arts and Crafts Association (NACA). Most recently, as Inuit art specialist, Judith
has curated the show “Cultures on Cloth,” a collection of tapestries by Baker Lake artists. The exhibit has
traveled to more than 14 countries and its catalog has been translated in 12 languages.
Bernadette Driscoll Engelstad, Curator of Arctic Journeys, Ancient Memories: The Sculpture of Anghik
Abraham Ruben and From Kinngait to Ulukhaktok: The Artist as Cultural Historian, holds an MA in
Canadian Studies (Carleton University, Ottawa) and in Anthropology (Johns Hopkins University). As an
independent curator, she has worked with Inuit artists and seamstresses in communities across the Canadian
Arctic, has organized numerous museum exhibitions, and published on contemporary Inuit art, clothing
design and women’s cultural production.
Joan Gero, Chair of the ISC Volunteer Committee, is Professor Emerita of Anthropology from American
Stephen Loring, ISC Film Program and Festival Chair, is Museum Anthropologist and Arctic Archaeologist,
National Museum of Natural History and Arctic Studies Center staff. Stephen has conducted archaeological
and ethnohistorical research in northern New England, northern Alaska, the Aleutian Islands, and Quebec-
Labrador. Stephen helps curate the Anthropology Department’s Arctic and Sub Arctic collections and has been
instrumental in developing community archaeology and heritage programs with Inuit and Innu communities.
Lauren Marr is the Conference Manager for the Inuit Studies Conference. She came to the Arctic Studies
Center (ASC) as a Research Assistant in October of 2009. During her time at the ASC, she has helped
coordinate a number of public events including the opening of the exhibition, “Yuungnaqpiallerput
(The Way We Genuinely Live): Masterworks of Yup’ik Science and Survival” in 2010. She holds two
Bachelors’ degrees from the University of Maryland, College Park. Currently she is pursuing her Masters in
Anthropology from Catholic University in Washington, D.C.
Laura Fleming is the Conference Coordinator for the ISC and the Research Assistant for the Arctic Studies
Center (ASC). Laura has been with the ASC since October 2011. She has had an interest in the interactions
of northern peoples and their environments since completing her graduate work in Nunatsiavut, Canada in
2008. Laura has since worked with the Global Environmental Change Group at the University of Guelph,
Ontario, Canada, on International Polar Year and ArcticNet projects and was also a participant at the 17th
ISC in Val d’Or, Quebec.
University and a Research Fellow in the Department of Anthropology in the Museum of Natural History at
the Smithsonian. She has taught at the universities of Cambridge, Uppsala (Sweden), Catamarca (Argentina),
Magdalena (Colombia) and the University of South Carolina. She has conducted archaeological excavations
in the Andes (Peru and Argentina) since 1985 with grants from the NEH, NSF Fulbright, the Wenner-Gren
Foundation and the Heintz Foundation. In 2003, she served as Academic Secretary of the Fifth World Archaeological
Congress. In addition to her Andean research she has published widely in the fields of gender in prehistory and the
philosophy and practice of archaeology.
|7
Welcome
Mead Treadwell, Lt. Governor, the State of Alaska
Mead Treadwell was elected Alaska’s lieutenant governor in November 2010. He is recognized as
one of the world’s Arctic policy experts, having served on the U.S. Arctic Research Commission
under Presidents Bush and Obama from 2001 to 2010. (President Bush appointed him the
commission’s chair in 2006.) His service to the State of Alaska includes serving as Governor
Hickel’s Deputy Commissioner for Environmental Conservation, and he was Cordova’s director
of oil spill response during the Exxon Valdez crisis. As a private entrepreneur and investor,
he helped launch a series of technology, manufacturing and service companies.
Plenary: Thursday October 25, 2012 8:30am, Baird Auditorium, National Museum of Natural History
Earning an ‘A’ in ‘Arctic 101’: Preparing for the Opportunities and Challenges of the New Arctic
There are two things to know to earn an A in ‘Arctic 101’: that the Arctic has vast opportunities, and that those
opportunities come with challenges. The Arctic Renaissance is happening, and from pipelines to ports, airships
to icebreakers, human health to language revitalization, the State of Alaska is working with local, federal and
international partners to be ready. Lt. Gov. Treadwell will speak about the state’s work addressing cultural challenges,
resource development, and environmental change. As a liaison for the State to the Arctic Council, Lt. Gov. Treadwell
will also address international geopolitics and the work of the Arctic Council.
Mark Serreze, Director, National Snow and Ice Data Center
Nellie Cournoyea, Chair & Chief Executive Officer, Inuvialuit Regional Corporation
Nellie Cournoyea is the Chair and Chief Executive Officer of Inuvialuit Regional Corporation
(IRC), Vice-Chair of the Canadian Polar Commission, Member of the Nutrition North Canada
Advisory Board, and Executive Member of the Aboriginal Pipeline Working Group. Before her
election as Chair of IRC, Ms. Cournoyea was Premier of the Northwest Territories for four years
beginning November 1991. Representing the riding of Nunakput from 1979 to November 1995, Ms.
Cournoyea held a number of portfolios including Minister of Health and Social Services; Minister
of Renewable Resources; Minister of Culture and Communications; Minister of Energy, Mines
and Petroleum Resources; and Minister of Public Works and Highways.
Plenary: Saturday October 27, 2012 9:00am, Baird Auditorium, National Museum of Natural History
Adaptation and Resilience - The Inuvialuit Story
The “real people”, have survived and thrived in the Western Arctic because of their ability to adapt to change while
preserving the values of the past. Living in the Arctic developed resilience, self-reliance, and pragmatism, equipping the
Inuvialuit to face multiple challenges over their history. Through times of change in the climate, the arrival of traders
and whalers with new hunting materials, introduction of diseases, residential schools, the fur boom and the oil and gas
boom, the Inuvialuit worked hard to maintain control over their future. Industry and government were forced to address
Inuvialuit demands to negotiate a land claim agreement to ensure wildlife and harvesting activities could be preserved,
Mark C. Serreze received a PhD in Geography from the University of Colorado Boulder,
resulting in the signing of the Inuvialuit Final Agreement in 1984. The Inuvialuit of today participate fully in modern
he became a research scientist at the University of Colorado National Snow and
culture have centered around a visual guide of Inuvialuit history (Taimani publication), programs to preserve Inuvialuktun
in Environmental Sciences. He was promoted to Director of NSIDC and Professor
such as drum dancing and Arctic games. The Inuvialuit continue to participate in decisions that affect them, adapting
atmosphere-sea ice interactions, polar weather patterns, numerical weather prediction
Aron Crowell, Director, Arctic Studies Center, Alaska
in 1989, for his work in understanding variability in Arctic sea ice. Subsequently
Canadian society while retaining strong ties to the land. Recent efforts to help the next generation learn about their
Ice Data Center (NSIDC), which is part of the Cooperative Institute for Research
language, promotion of a collection of rare Inuvialuit artefacts, and encouraging young people to participate in activities
of Geography in 2009. His Arctic research interests are wide-ranging, and include
where necessary but always maintaining a strong cultural identity.
and climate change. In 2005, he published an award-winning textbook, “The Arctic Climate System”. He has conducted
field work in the Canadian Arctic on sea ice and icecaps, and on the Alaskan tundra. His work over the past ten years has
increasingly focused on trying to make sense of the rapid environmental changes being observed in the Arctic, what they
mean for the rest of the world, and communicating the science of climate change to the public.
Plenary: Friday October 26, 2012 9:00am, Baird Auditorium, National Museum of Natural History
The Arctic as the Messenger of Global Climate Change
The Arctic is sending a strong message - climate change us real and growing, and the events now unfolding in the Arctic will
Dr. Aron L. Crowell is an Arctic anthropologist and Alaska Director of the Smithsonian
Institution’s Arctic Studies Center. His research and many publications in cultural
anthropology, archaeology, and oral history reflect collaborations with indigenous
communities of the north and with major museums and research institutions. Crowell
has led or contributed to exhibitions including Crossroads of Continents: Cultures of
Siberia and Alaska; Looking Both Ways: Heritage and Identity of the Alutiiq People;
and Gifts of the Ancestors: Ancient Ivories of Bering Strait. He is the curator and project
affect us all. In only a few decades, the Arctic Ocean may be essentially free of ice at summer’s end. Loss of the ice cover is
director of the acclaimed Smithsonian exhibition Living Our Cultures, Sharing Our Heritage: The First Peoples of Alaska
- the much stronger rise in air temperature over the Arctic compared to what has been observed over the rest of the world.
Crowell has carried out archaeological research around the Gulf of Alaska from the Katmai coast to Glacier Bay, and
already contributing to increased wave action and erosion along Arctic coasts. It is also a key player in “Arctic amplification”
In response to this strong Arctic warming, areas of treeless, windswept tundra are being taken over by shrubs. Permafrost,
which underlies Arctic lands, is starting to warm and thaw. While causing damage to infrastructure, such as roads, there is
growing concern that as the permafrost thaws, carbon that has been locked up in the frozen soil for thousands of years will be
released back to the atmosphere, both carbon dioxide and methane. It has long been suspected that Arctic amplification will
lead to changes in weather patterns not just affecting Arctic people and their way of life, but people living in middle latitudes.
Evidence accumulated over the past five years argues that such weather changes are already upon us. Ice loss is altering marine
ecosystems and fisheries. Finally, as the sea ice cover retreats, the Arctic becomes ever more accessible for marine shipping and
oil and gas exploration, increasing both the economic and strategic importance of the region.
Welcome
Plenary Speakers
at the Anchorage Museum and directs a wide range of current programs in Alaska Native heritage, languages, and arts.
currently leads National Science Foundation-funded research on the human and environmental history of Yakutat Bay,
with a focus on traditional sealing. Crowell’s Doctorate in anthropology is from the University of California, Berkeley and
he is an affiliate faculty member of the University of Alaska.
Banquet Keynote: Friday October 26, 2012 6:30pm, Potomac Atrium, National Museum of the american Indian
The Northern Museumscape
Museums are transforming, breaking old patterns to emerge as highly creative spaces for cultural dialogue, collaborative
studies, and indigenous expression. Yet difficult legacies of domination, inequality, and expropriation have not been easy
to resolve despite decades of mutual effort. How does the museumscape of the north appear today, in the midst of these
changes and still-contested issues? 8 | 18 th Inuit Studies Conference Program
|9
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national GallEry oF art
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WoodroW Wilson
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(canadian EMBassy)
SeSSionS
SeSSionS
morning refreShmentS
SeSSionS
reception
afternoon refreShmentS
caPitol
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WEdnEsday octoBEr 24tH, 2012
12:00
conference regiStration
str
FEdEral cEntEr
soutHWEst
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exhibitionS
of the
american indian
WEdnEsday octoBEr 24tH, 2012
air & sPacE MusEuM
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(indEPEndEncE avE Exit)
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tHE Early aFtErnoon and latE aFtErnoon sEssions arE
exhibition
exhibition
1:00
2:00
3:00
4:00
5:00
6:00
7:00
8:00
9:00
18 tH i nuit s tudiEs
conFErEncE oPEninG
rEcEPtion
rEGistration
(ripley center concoUrSe)
Complemented by the opening
of Arctic Journeys/Ancient
Memories: The Sculpture
of Abraham Anghik Ruben
exhibition Potomac Atrium –
National Museum of the
American Indian
(potomac atriUm – national
mUSeUm of theamerican
indian)
1.5 Hours
| 11
tHursday octoBEr 25tH, 2012
8:15
9:00
9:30
10:00
11:00
11:30
12:00
12:15 - 1:30
1:30
2:00
2:30
Open Registration
(Ripley Center)
Other
Venues
National Coffee Opening Remarks
Museum & Light Plenary Keynote: Mead
Natural
Refresh- Treadwell, Lt. Gov. Alaska
History
ments (Baird Auditorium)
{Baird}
10:30
tHursday octoBEr 25tH, 2012
Break
3:00
Open Registration
(Ripley Center)
from boaS to bUrch: 100 yearS of ‘eSkimology,’ 1880–1980
Part 1|Chair: Igor Krupnik
Speakers: Igor Krupnik, Jerrold Sadock, Ludger Müller-Wille,
Ole Marquard, Hans Christian Gulløv, Kirsten Hastrup
Ripley
3031
paleoeSkimo problemS: large Scale patternS & changeS
Part 1|Chair: Bjarne Grønnow & Ulla Odgaard
Speakers: Sergei Slobodin, Andrew H. Tremayne, Maanasa
Raghavan, Martin Appelt, Claire Houmard, Jens Fog Jensen
Ripley
3035
The US Arctic Research Plan & Partnering with Communities
Panel Chair: Brendan Kelly. Introduction by Dr. Eva Pell,
Smithsonian Under-Secratary for Science. | Speakers: Martin
Jefferies, Igor Krupnik, Bill Fitzhugh, Simon Stephenson, Dan
Odess, John Farrell, John Calder and additional panelists.
Ripley
3037
inUit edUcation & cUrricUlUm development|Part 1
Chair: Diane Hirshberg|Speakers: Diane Hirshberg & Alexandra
Hill, Karl Kristian Olsen & Aviâja Egede Lynge, Pausauraq
Harcharek, Elizabeth Skiles Parady, Conor Cook, Harriet
Andersen, Toni White & Suzanna Jararuse
4:00
4:30
PostEr sEssion
(riPlEy cEntEr concoursE)
from boaS to bUrch: 100 yearS of
‘eSkimology,’ 1880–1980 |Part 2|Chair: Igor
Krupnik|Speakers: Michael Bravo, William
Fitzhugh, Søren Thuesen, Nikolay Vakhtin,
Peter Schweitzer
paleoeSkimo problemS: large Scale patternS &
changeS |Part 2|Chairs: Bjarne Grønnow & Ulla
Odgaard|Speakers: Bjarne Grønnow & Jens Fog Jensen,
S. Brooke Milne et al., Lesley Howse & Max Friesen, John
Darwent & Hans Lange, Genevieve Lemoine
neW arctic, neW adoleScence: oUtcomeS of Social &
ecological change on yoUth experience & reSilience
StrategieS in alaSka & Siberia|Chairs: Stacy M.
Rasmus, Olga Ulturgesheva & Anna Kerttula
|Speakers: Kristine Nystad, Michael Kral, Lisa Wexler,
Stacy Rasmus, Olga Ulturgasheva
from boaS to bUrch: 100 yearS of ‘eSkimology,’
1880–1980 |Part 3|Chair: Igor Krupnik
Speakers: Carol Jolles, Kenneth L. Pratt, Evgeny
Golovko, Claudio Aporta, Igor Krupnik
rEFrEsHMEnts in
intErnational
GallEry
(riPlEy cEntEr)
paleoeSkimo problemS: large Scale patternS &
changeS | Part 3 | Chairs: Bjarne Grønnow & Ulla
Odgaard | Speakers: Sarah Hazell, Ulla Odgaard, P.J.
Wells & M.A.P. Renouf, Mari Hardenberg,
inUit edUcation & cUrricUlUm development|Part
3|Chair: Diane Hirshberg
Speakers: White et al., Natalya Radunovich
Qurangaawen, Tatiana Garakani, Elizaveta
Dobrieva & Valentina Leonova
inUit WithoUt iglooS: docUmenting the arctic tranSition
Part 1|Chair: Elspeth Ready
Speakers: Karen Langgård, Alexander B. Dolitsky
Judithe Denbæk, Elspeth Ready
inUit WithoUt iglooS: docUmenting the
arctic tranSition|Part 2 | Chair: Elspeth
Ready|Speakers: Patricia Johnston, Andrew
Stuhl, Kirsten Thisted, April Dutheil
food SecUrity acroSS the north
Chair: Miriam T. Harder & George Wenzel
Speakers: Miriam T. Harder & George Wenzel
Helle Møller, Michelle Doucette Issaluk & Audrey
R. Giles, Janell Smith
topicS in inUit literatUre|Part 1|Chair: Keavy Martin
Speakers: Taqralik Partridge, Norma Dunning, Susan Enuraq,
Daniel Chartier, Keavy Martin
topicS in inUit literatUre|Part 2|Chair:
Keavy Martin
Speakers: Marianne Stenbæk, Bernadette Dean
and Sheree Fitch, Laura Beebe
early hiStory: neW approacheS
Chair: Allison Young Mclain
Speakers: Raff et al., Allison Young Mclain
Gilbert Qu, Justin Tacknet, Yaoling Song
NMAI
4019
inUit health: illneSS experience & healthcare delivery
Chair: Andrew Hund | Speakers: Ashlee Cunsolo Willox,
Sherilee Harper, J.D. Ford Victoria Edge & The Rigolet Inuit
Community Government, Sandra Romain, Vi Waghiyi & Pamela
Miller, E. Emily S. Cowall, Penelope. S. Easton
inUit art: contemporary iSSUeS
Chair: Norman Vorano
Speakers: Heather Igloliorte, Anna Hudson
Mattiusi Iyaituk, Norman Vorano, Bob Kardosh
toWardS a neW definition of arctic Sovereignty:
indigenoUS playerS in a global cUltUral
economy|Chair: Anna Hudson & Heather
Igloliorte|Speakers: Pauline Wakeham, Nancy
Wachowich, Joar Nango, Heather Igloliorte, Anna Hudson
NMAI
inUit ShamaniSm: Some comparative & hiStorical
perSpectiveS| Part 1 | Chair: Bernard Saladin d’Anglure &
Francoise Morin|Speakers: Bernard Saladin d’Anglure & Francoise
Morin, Birgitte Sønne, Marjorie Balzer
inUit ShamaniSm: Some comparative & hiStorical
perSpectiveS| Part 2 | Chair: Bernard Saladin
d’Anglure & Francoise Morin|Speakers: Frédéric
Laugrand, Dimtriy Oparin, Kennet Pedersen,
Rolf Gilberg
arctic art, film & expreSSion chair: Florence
Duchemin-Pelletier| Speakers: Alysa Procida,
Sharon Rankin, Yaoliang Song, Chuna McIntyre,
Rob Lukens, Florence Duchemin-Pelletier
Wilson
4th floor
Conference
Room
inUit governance, land claimS & Sovereignty|Part 1
Chair: Nadine C. Fabbi
Speakers: Jack Hicks, Larry Felt & David Natcher, Johannas Lampe
& Dave Loug, Barret Weber, James C. Saku, Uffe Jakobsen
Wilson
6th floor
BoardRoom
hUman dimenSionS of reSoUrce development & commercial
activitieS in the arctic|Part 1
Chairs: Jackie Dawson & Margaret Johnson
Speakers: Martin Robards, Jackie Dawson, Valene Smith
Deepak Chhabra, Sonya Graci, Martha Dowsley
NMAI
4018
Rasmuson
Wilson
6th floor
Auditorium
Shaping yoUr career in arctic Social ScienceS
Chairs: Gerlis Fugmann & Jennifer Provencher
Speakers: This Panel will feature 4 – 5 senior mentors from
various backgrounds in the field of Arctic social sciences
AntHroPoloGy
dEPartMEnt
oPEn HousE
5:30 - 7:00
(national mUSeUm
of natUral hiStory)
reprodUctive health in the arctic: paSt,
preSent & fUtUre|Chairs: Elizabeth Rink
& Ruth Montgomery-Andersen
Speakers: Elizabeth Rink, Augustine Rosing,
Ruth Montgomery-Andersen, Brenda Epoo
inUit edUcation & cUrricUlUm development|
Part 2 | Chair: Diane Hirshberg
Speakers: Jodie Lane, Suna Christensen, Lars
Poort
Ripley
3111
Evening Programs
Break
Lunch Break
Ripley
Center
Lecture
Hall
3:30
inUit governance, land claimS &
Sovereignty|Part 2 |Chair: Nadine C. Fabbi
Speakers: Nelson Graburn, Nadine
C. Fabbi, Gerlis Fugmann, Thibault Martin,
Axel Jeremiassen
arctic change & knoWledge SteWardShip
Part 1|Chairs: Peter Pulsifer & Noor Johnson
Speakers: Frank Tester, Daniela Tommasini,
Lill Rastad Bjørst
arctic policy panel|Part 1
Chair: Mead Treadwell
Speakers: Duane Smith, Brendan Kelly and
additional panelists.
arctic policy panel|Part 2
Speakers: Bill Fitzhugh, Aqqaluk Lynge, Vera
Metcalf, Willie Hensley, Nancy Karetak-Lindel
EvEninG
rEcEPtion
6:30 - 8:30
(canadian embaSSy)
By Invitation Only
hUman dimenSionS of reSoUrce development &
commercial activitieS in the arctic|Part 2|Chair:
Jackie Dawson & Margaret Johnson Speakers: Harvey
Lemlin, Kelsey Peterson & Benjamin Bradshaw,
Roger Ritisima, Sarah Hazell & Davin Holen
| 13
Friday octoBEr 26tH, 2012
8:30
9:00
9:30
10:00
Friday octoBEr 26tH, 2012
10:30
11:30
12:00
12:15 - 1:30
1:30
2:00
2:30
Open Registration
(Ripley Center)
Other
Venues
National
Museum
Natural
History
{Baird}
11:00
Coffee &
Light
Refreshments
Plenary Keynote
Mark Serreze
Director, NSIDC
(Baird Auditorium)
Ripley
Center
Lecture
Hall
Break
3:00
4:00
4:30
Break
neW approacheS for linking Science & indigenoUS
knoWledge: toWard a more complete Story
of the arctic SyStem |Part 1 |Chair: Martin
Nweeia|Speakers: Henry P. Huntington,
Ann Fienup-Riordan & Mark John Matthew L.
Druckenmiller, Jayko Alooloo, Glenn Williams
Ripley
3031
thirty yearS after: reviSiting the SoUthern labrador
inUit debate|Chair: William Fitzhugh
Speakers: Beatrix Arendt, Jim Woollett, Susan Crate, Lisa Rankin,
Andrew Collins, William Fitzhugh
thirty yearS after: reviSiting the SoUthern
labrador inUit debate
Chair: William Fitzhugh Speakers: Amelia Fay,
Michelle Davies, Brian Pritchard, Eliza Brandy,
Amanda Crompton
Ripley
3035
piliriqatigiinniq Working together: making the paSt preSent:
inUit yoUth, hiStory, cUltUre & neW Social media|Speakers:
Martha Okotak, Jordan Konek, Curtis Kone, Amy Owingayak, April
Dutheil, Frank Tester, Paule McNicoll
SeSSion in honor of michael forteScUe
Part 1|Chairs: Lawrence Kaplan & Anna
Berge|Speakers: Evgeny Golovko, Kumiko
Marasugi, Mirina Skerkina-Lieber, Naja
Blytmann Trondhjem
Refreshments
(International
Gallery,
Ripley Center)
neW approacheS for linking Science & indigenoUS
knoWledge: toWard a more complete Story
of the arctic SyStem|Part 2|Chair: Martin
Nweeia|Speakers: George Noongwook, Martin
T. Nweeia, Sven Haakanson, Peter Ewins et al., H.
Gordon et al., Jack Orr, Scot Nickels,James Simonie
inUit yoUth perSpectiveS old & neW
Chair: Ned Searles
Speakers: Willow Scobie, Michael Kral, LouisJacques Dorais, Edmund Searles, Ann Andreasen
& Jean-Michel Huctin
improving recrUitment & increaSing gradUation
rateS of inUit teacherS|Part 2 |Chair: Glorya
Pellerin,|Speakers: Jennifer Kadjuk , Karen Inootik
& Rebecca Jones, Tiili Alasuak., Elisapi Uitangak,
Vèronique Paul
edUcational change in nUnavUt :
reSidential SchoolS hiStory & cUrricUlUm
development|Chair: Heather E. McGregor
Speakers: Piita Irniq, Elizabeth Fowler
Catherine McGregor, Heather E. McGregor
inUit heritage & mUSeUmS|Chair: Lars Krutak
Speakers: Roben Jack, Jenya Anichenko, Lars Krutak, Julia Kupina
& Elena Mikhailova, Matthew Walls, Norman Hallendy
celebrating inUvialUit heritage|Chair:
Stephen Loring | Speakers: Cathy Cockney,
Letitia Pokiak and Mervin Joe, Mervin Joe &
Henry Cary, Albert Elias & Charles Arnold
Celebrating inUvialUit heritage
Chair: Stephen Loring
Speakers: Lisa Hodgetts, Stephen Loring et al.,
Charles Arnold, Myrna Pokiak, Walter Vanast
NMAI
4018
draWing Upon the paSt: ancient & hiStoric artS of the
arctic|Chair: Amy Chan|Speakers: Mikhail Bronshtein, Carol
Payne, Amy Chan, Ian MacRae
colonial/poSt colonial encoUnterS: the arctic
experience|Chair: Anne S. Douglas|Speakers: Claire
Mclisky, Gordon L. Pullar, Paule McNicoll, Anne. S.
Douglas
inUit cUltUre in art and literatUre
Chair: Birgitt Kleist Pedersen|Speakers:
Ivalu Mathiassen, Birgitt Kleist Pedersen,
Wanni W. Anderson, Douglas D. Anderson,
Charles Marrow
NMAI
4019
neW inUit identitieS in a globalized World
Chairs: Gitte Tróndheim|Speakers: Aviaja Anna Storch Lyberth,
Gitte Tróndheim, Andreas Otte, Jette Rygaard, Adrienne Davidson
inUit artiSt roUndtable
Chair: Abraham Anghik Ruben|Speakers:
Bernadette Dean, Mattiusi Iyaituk, Chuna
McIntyre, and additional invited speakers
heritage mUSeUmS & the north: inStitUtionS & inUit collectionS
before 1913 |Part 1|Chair: Jonathan King
Speakers: Jonathan King, Bernadette Dean, Emily Kudlak et al.,
Kenneth R. Lister, Jamie Morton,Teri Rofkar
heritage mUSeUmS & the north: inStitUtionS
& inUit collectionS before 1913|Part 2|Chair:
Jonathan King|Speakers: Fred Calabretta,
Claire Warrior, Bernadette Driscoll Engelstad,
Kenn Harper
the canadian State & viSUal/ cartographic
repreSentationS of the north|Chair: Kenn
Harper|Speakers: Ryan Shackleton, Philip
Goldring, Janice Cavell, Lynn Peplinski &
Sheila Oolayou
a collaborative viSion: inUit art, media, &
mUSeUm collectionS|Chairs: Bernadette Driscoll
Engelstad & Darlene Wight |Speakers: Darlene
Wight, Leslie Boyd Ryan, Bill Ritchie, Susan A.
Kaplan, Judith Burch
room on hold
room on hold
room on hold
arctic change & knoWledge SteWardShip|Part 2
Chairs: Peter Pulsifer & Noor Johnson
Speakers: Environmental Technology Graduates of 2013, Vincent
L’Hérault and Isabel Lemus-Lauzon., Z.A. Martin, Joanna Petrasek
MacDonald et al., Jennifer Provencher et al., J. Gérin-Lajoie et al.
Part 3|Chair: Peter Pulsifer & Noor Johnson
Speakers: Simone Whitecloud and Lenore
Grenoble, Kelsey E. Nyland & Anna E. Klene,
Jack Orr, Davin Holen
Part 4|Chairs: Peter Pulsifer & Noor Johnson
Speakers: Topping and Wildcat, P.L. Pulsifer et
al., Amos Hayes, M. Noor Johnson , Peljhan et al.
expected leaderShip in inUit SocietieS |Part 1
Chairs: Naullaq Arnaquq & Frédéric Laugrand
Speakers: Louis-Jacques Dorais, Michèle Therrien, Lisa
Koperqualuk & Betsy Annahatak, Laurent Jérôme & Fabien Pernet
expected leaderShip in inUit SocietieS
Part 2|Chair: Naullaq Arnaquq& Frédéric
Laugrand|Speakers: Frédéric Laugrand, Thierry
Rodon, Pascale Laneuville, Donna Patrick
expected leaderShip i n i nUit SocietieS|Part
3|Chairs: Naullaq Arnaquq& Frédéric
Laugrand|Speakers: Fiona Walton, Darlene
O’Leary, Jacob Jaypoody, Naullaq Arnaquq,
Jukeepa Hainnu
Ripley
3111
NMAI
Rasmuson
Wilson
4th floor
Conference
Room
Wilson
6th floor
BoardRoom
Wilson
6th floor
Auditorium
inuK
FilM scrEEninG
4:45 - 6:30
raSmUSon
(national mUSeUm
of the american
indian)
SeSSion in honor of michael forteScUe
Part 2|Chair: Lawrence Kaplan and Anna
Berge | Speakers: Anna Berge, Arnaq Grove,
Flemming AJ Nielsen, Tekke Terpstra, Alana
Johns
improving recrUitment & increaSing gradUation rateS of inUit
teacherS|Part 1|Chair: Glorya Pellerin|Speakers: Glorya Pellerin
& Lucy Qalingo, Dominique Real-Roberge & Gisèle Maheux, Eliana
Manrique, Paul Berger, Emma Pauloosie
Ripley
3037
Evening Programs
Open Registration
(Ripley Center)
Lunch Break
room on hold
3:30
conference
banqUet
6:30 - 9:30
“The Northern
Museumscape“
Presentation by
Aron Crowell
(potomac atriUm
national mUSeUm of the
american indian)
reception for
inUit imageS:
printS from the
canadian arctic
4:30 - 6:30
(WilSon center 4th
floor)
| 15
saturday octoBEr 27tH, 2012
8:30
9:00
9:30
10:00
10:30
Other
Venues
National
Coffee &
Museum
Natural
Light
History Refreshments
{Baird}
saturday octoBEr 27tH, 2012
11:00
11:30
12:00
12:15-1:30
1:30
2:00
2:30
3:00
3:30
4:00
4:30
dinner & movie
event
Open Registration
(Ripley Center)
Plenary Keynote
Nellie Cournoyea,
CEO/Chair, Inuvialuit
Regional Corporation
(Baird Auditorium)
Ripley
Center
Lecture
Hall
Ripley
3031
Ripley
3035
Ripley
3037
Ripley
3111
NMAI
4018
NMAI
4019
NMAI
Rasmuson
Lunch
Break
Break
Evening Programs
langUage, memory & landScape|Part 1|Chair: Kenneth L.
Pratt|Speakers: Murielle Nagy, Scott Heyes & Peter Jacobs, Beatrice
Collignon, Gary Holton, William Fitzhugh & Kenneth L. Pratt
youtH-EldEr Pairs PanEl
(Baird, National Museum
of Natural History)
langUage, memory & landScape|Part 2
Chair: Kenneth L. Pratt
Speakers: Noel Broadbent, Erica Hill, Chuck
Smythe, John Cloud, Matt Ganley, Kenneth L.
Pratt
Space, place & identity in the north|Part 1
Chair: Claudio Aporta & Michael Bravo
Speakers: Stephen Pax Leonard, Claudio Aporta, Michael Bravo, Kim
van Dam, Amber Lincoln
Space, place & identity in the north|Part 2
Chairs: Claudio Aporta & Michael Bravo
Speakers: Joslyn Cassady, Fabienne Joliet, Peter
Kulchyski, Julie Raymond-Yakoubian
inUit & dialogUeS on knoWing - the right format?
Chairs: Cunera Bujis, Anne Mette Jørgensen, Aviâja Rosing Jakobsen,
Martin Appelt, Stephen Loring
Speakers: Cunera Bujis, Anne Mette Jørgensen, Aviâja Rosing Jakobsen,
Martin Appelt
indUStrial development & mining impactS: What are the leSSonS
learned from the paSt & hoW can We bUild the fUtUre? Chair: Sylvie
Blangy & Frank Tester
Speakers: Warren Bernauer, Frank Tester, Sylvie Blangy, Willow Scobie,
Alan S. Boraas & Catherine H. Knott
inUit & dialogUeS on knoWing: the right
format?|Part2|Chairs: Cunera Bujis, Anne
Mette Jørgensen, Aviâja Rosing Jakobsen,
Martin Appelt, Stephen Loring|Speakers:
Doris Baltruschat, Jullie Edel Hardenberg
reSearch to action in inUit nUnangat: perSpectiveS on connectionS & leSSonS from
canadian inUit|Chair: Scot Nickels|Speakers: Representatives of National
Committee of Inuit Qaujisarvingat: The Inuit Knowledge Center at ITK, The Nunatsiavut
Government, Makivik Corp., Nunavut Tunngavik Inc., Inuvialuit Regional Corp.,
National Inuit Youth Council, Pauktuutit Inuit Women Of Canada, ICC-Canada
room on hold
Break
Mitsitam Cafe Open
6:00 - 7:00
Film Showing
Native Time
&
The Tundra Book: A Tale
of Vukvukai, the
Little Rock
(raSmUSon theater)
7:00 - 9:00
indUStrial development & mining impactS:
What are the leSSonS learned from the paSt
& hoW can We bUild the fUtUre? Chairs: Sylvie
Blangy, Frank Tester|Speakers: T.W. Lim, T.A.
Satterfield & Frank Tester, Aldene Meis Mason,
Patrik Lantto, Ivar Bjørklund
room on hold
inUit literatUre & poetry: the greenland
Story |Chair: Aqquluk Lynge
Speakers: Aqqaluk Lynge, Katti Frederiksen,
Tupaarnaq R. Olsen
poverty & patronage: a dialogUe toWardS increaSing SUpport for
inUit artiStS|Part 1|Chair: Christine Lalonde
Speakers: Abraham Anghik Ruben, Rowena House, Sammy J. Kudluk,
David Lough, Mary Okheena, Canada Council of the Arts (Rep. TBA)
poverty & patronage: a dialogUe toWardS
increaSing SUpport for inUit artiStS
Part 2|Chair: Christine Lalonde|Speakers: Doug
Stenton, Leslie Boyd Ryan, Patricia Feheley, Kyra
Fisher, Mattiusi Iyaituk, Trina Landlord, Sheila Butler
film program|Part 1|rediScovering the far fUr coUntry: inUit
film program|Part 2|the nOrthern lights haVe seen
film: inuit PiQutingit
moving pictUreS in the yearS before nanook of the north|Chair: Peter (What BelOngs tO inuit)
Filmmakers: Zacharias
Geller|Speakers: Maureen Dolyniuk, Kevin Nikkel, Peter Geller
Kunuk & Bernadette
Dean| 12:35-1:30
closinG PanEl
(Baird, National Museum
of Natural History)
strange sights: viSUal anthropology from the top of
the World |Chair: Stephen Loring|Speakers: Aleksei
Vakhrushev, Amelie Breton, Mike Jaypoody & Shari
Gearheard, Ian MacRae, Kenn Harper
Wilson
4th floor
Conference
Room
Wilson
6th floor
BoardRoom
Wilson
6th floor
Auditorium
| 17
sunday octoBEr 28tH, 2012
Inuit Ullumi:
Inuit Today
film feStival (SchedUle pageS 20-22)
Contemporary Art from
TD Bank Group’s Inuit Collection
vEnuE EvEnts
S. dillion ripley
center
(Ripley Center)
exhibitionS:
Culture on Cloth
Exploring the Eastern Inuit World
From Kingait to Ulukhaktok: the
Artist as Cultural Historian
Polar Lines
Portraits of Resilience, Many
Strong Voices
SoUndScape:
Arctic Soundscape Experience
conference regiStration
Oc tOber 25, 2012 – Ma rc h 15, 2013
national mUSeUm of
the american indian
(NMAI)
iSc opening reception
exhibitionS:
Arctic Journeys/Ancient Memories:
The Sculptures of Abraham Anghik
Ruben
national mUSeUm
natUral hiStory
(NMNH)
of
conference plenarieS
anthropology
department open hoUSe
WoodroW WilSon
center
(Wilson Center)
arctic policy panel
exhibition:
Inuit Images: Prints from
the Canadian Arctic
iSc conference banqUet
paUlatUk moonlight
drUmmerS and dancerS
performance
yUp’ik SeWing
demonStration
LO c at i O n
Embassy of Canada
501 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, D.C. 20001
hOurs
Monday to Friday 9am – 5pm
Saturday 10am – 3pm
For information call 202-682-1740
Shuvinai Ashoona, World View (detail), 2011
Reproduced with the permission of Dorset Fine Arts
Films / Sessions Schedule at Rasmuson Theater
Films / Sessions Schedule at Rasmuson Theater
Don’t Miss the US premier of Inuk, Friday, October 26, 2012 in R asmuson Theater 4:45pm - 6:30pm
Saturday
10:00
11:00
Rediscovering the Far Fur
Country: Inuit Moving Pictures in
the Years Before Nanook of the North
Chair: Peter Geller
12:00
1:00
Inuit Piqutingit
What Belongs
to Inuit
(2009)
12:35pm - 1:30pm
2:00
Sunday
in a
Lifetime:
Inuit
in Nepal
(2012)
12:45pm
1:15pm
4:00
3:00
5:00
The Northern Lights Have
Seen Strange Sights: Visual
Anthropology From the Top of
the World
Once
Welcome History of the Iñupiat:
Project Chariot
by: Stephen
(2011)
Loring
11:20am
11:00am
12:40pm
11:15am
Don’t Miss the US premier of Inuk, Friday, October 26, 2012 in R asmuson Theater 4:45pm - 6:30pm
Native
Time
(2009)
1:35pm
1:45pm
Program of
Selected Shorts
from the Top
of the World
1:45pm
–
2:40pm
National Museum
of the American
6:00
Dinner
(NMAI Cafeteria
Open)
Diet of
Souls
(2004)
2:45pm
3:30pm
A Case
A Case
Access
(2010)
3:35pm
4:30pm
Access
(2010)
3:35pm
4:30pm
of
of
7:00
Native
Time
(2011)
7:00pm
7:15pm
8:00
9:00
The Tundra Book: A Tale of Vukvukai,
the Little Rock
(2009)
7:15pm - 9:00pm
The
Meeting
(2010)
4:40pm
5:15pm
Indian Film &
Video Center
Sessions
Films
Sessions
Films
| 21
Inuit Piqutingit What Belongs to Inuit (2009)
Authors/Producers: Zacharias Kunuk, Bernadette Dean | Runtime: 50 minutes | Language: Inuktitut with English subtitles
A group of Nunavut elders travel to five museums in North America to see and identify artifacts,
tools and clothing collected from their Inuit ancestors. Directed by Zacharias Kunuk and
Film Program
Native Time (2009)
Authors/ Producers: Sean Morris, Jack Dalton | Runtime: 9 minutes | Language: no dialogue
A traditional Inuit hunter from ages ago scours the barren landscape in search of food. He braves brutal weather,
Film Program
Bernadette Dean.
winds and famine, not to mention wet mukluks and sore feet. An expert of this harsh wilderness, he is prepared
for absolutely everything . . . except this: A crosswalk in modern day Anchorage, Alaska. Ready to hit the
button? A mind-bending and comic examination of culture, perception and time, this zero-dialogue adventure
was conceived by and stars world renowned Yup’ik storyteller Cup’luaq (also known as Jack Dalton).
The Tundra Book: A Tale of Vukvukai, the Little Rock (2011)
Authors/Producers: Aleksei Vakhrushev | Runtime: 105 minutes | Language: Russian and Chukchi with English subtitles
The Tundra Book: A Tale of Vukvukai, the Little Rock presents a rare and stunning documentary about the lives
of the Chuchki people who inhabit a remote Russian peninsula in the Arctic Circle, leaving them virtually isolated
from modern life. The story centers on Vukvukai and his community. Vukvukai, the Little Rock, is Chukchi
from eastern Russia and lives along the Bering Sea region. He has lived his lifetime as a reindeer herder and thus
is known in his community as a true man of the tundra whose life is inseparable from the reindeer. The Chukchi
herd more than 14,000 reindeer. Vukvukai lives in one of the harshest climate zones in the world, the Arctic Circle. His story and that
of the Chukchi is one of a nonstop struggle for survival, but the people believe that following the practices of their ancient, nomadic,
cultural traditions contributes to the perseverance of their survival in the unyielding, frozen tundra. The film presents a glimpse into
a land, culture, and people that few have ever dared to capture, since it is so remote. For now, the nomadic Chukchi culture remains
virtually intact away from the influx of modernity.
History of the Iñupiat: Project Chariot (2011)
Authors/Producers: Director: Rachel Naninaaq Edwardson. Producers: Rainey Nasugraq Hopson, Rachel Naninaaq
Edwardson, David Selvarajah Vadiveloo | Runtime: 72 minutes | Language: English and Iñupiaq
In 1958, as the cold war arms race entered the nuclear age, the United States Atomic Energy
Commission planned to detonate eight thermonuclear bombs less than thirty miles from the oldest
continually inhabited settlement in North America. This is the dramatic story of a small village
of Iñupiaq people who with the help of courageous scientists stopped the most powerful agency of its time, The Atomic
Energy Commission, and what happened afterwards.
Once in a Lifetime: Inuit in Nepal (2012)
Authors/Producers: Mr. Mike Jaypoody, Shari Gearheard | Runtime: 35 minutes | Language: Inuktitut with English subtitles
In early 2012, three Inuit from Kangiqtugaapik, Nunavut, travelled to Nepal, visiting Kathmandu and the
remote Tsum Valley near the Tibetan border. The visit was part of an NSF-funded exchange project that
brought Inuit, Nepalese, and Tsumbas (people from Tsum Valley) together to share their knowledge and
Film Summaries
experiences with environmental change. Inuit and Tsumbas both depend in many ways on snow and ice,
and that snow and ice is changing rapidly. After visiting with each other, the groups realized that they share
more than a changing physical environment, but also challenges from quickly changing social, political, and economic
landscapes. This presentation complements a short film based on the exchange submitted to the conference film festival by
young Inuit filmmaker Mike Jaypoody called, Holy Cow Inuit in Nepal!? In the presentation we will share our reflections
on the exchange experience and on the approach of bringing local experts from very different global regions together to
share culture, history, future hopes and plans, and strategies for living in a rapidly changing world.
| 23
Diet of Souls (2004)
Authors/ Producers: John Houston | Runtime: 48 minutes | Language: English and Inuktitut with English subtitles
Diet of Souls examines the spiritual relationship between Inuit and the animals on whom they depend for
survival. In the first chapter of Genesis, God sets the human race above the animal kingdom, granting dominion
just as we do, and are equally worthy of respect. Despite a century of Christianity, many Inuit still hold fast to
Film Program
Film Program
over all other living things on Earth. In the ancient religion of Inuit, however, the birds and beasts have souls,
this belief. Yet there is a paradox embedded in its very heart: How can animals be both spiritual equals and one’s
daily bread? What does it mean to kill and eat creatures who possess souls? The documentary Diet of Souls, from the award-
winning partnership of writer-director John Houston and producer Peter d’Entremont, delves deep into this mystery.
A Case of Access (2010)
Authors/ Producers: Innuvialuit Living History | Runtime: 48 minutes | Language: English
A Case of Access” is a documentary made during a visit by Inuvialuit elders, students and
community representatives to Washington D.C. to see and document the MacFarlane Collection
of Inuvialuit material culture collected in 1863. Accompanying the Inuvialuit team were
anthropologists, film-makers and museum professionals. The film features project participants
discussing the objects and their significance for the Inuvialuit today. Produced by the Inuvialuit
Communications Society (directed by Brett Purdy), it premiered on the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network (APTN)
in Fall, 2011. The film is also integrated into an Inuvialuit Heritage website: http://www.inuvialuitlivinghistory.ca.
The Meeting (2010)
Authors/ Producers: Ruth Montgomery-Andersen et al. | Runtime: 35 minutes | Language: English, Danish & Greenlandic
“As an artist and as a woman I strive to create synergy and collective experiences by using the arts and culture
The meeting
to support cultural awareness and tolerance. In my first film I chose to focus on main characters that are women
Naapinneq • Mødet
of color, women who have lived long and rich life”. In the first half of the last century two women were born,
one in Arctic Greenland and one in the Tropical country of Panama. This is the story of an unusual friendship
Ida
across the boundaries of culture and country. This is “The Meeting”. The documentary leads us into the lives
alma
Layout: Kistaraq Egede
Den Kongelige grønlanDsfonD
of an Inuit woman, Alma Rosing and a Panamaian woman, Ida Bonnik. Through the window of their meeting;
we experience their joy, sorrow, their love for life, their strength and their respect for each other. It shows us how friendship
develops between two people who are not fluent in each other’s languages and yet can have a depth and wealth. It shows
us how two very different women, have shown courage and strength throughout their lives. As friends they feel joy with
each other’s gains and sorrow with each other’s losses. It shows all that openness is not only for the young, but is a mirror of
willingness, courage and love of life. This is the story of an unusual friendship across the boundaries of culture and country.
Inuk (2010)
Authors/Producers: Jean-Michel Huctin, Mike Magidson | Runtime: 90 minutes | Language: Greenlandic with English subtitles
Produced by Børnehjemmet (Children’s Home) of Uummannaq, Northwestern Greenland, Le Voyage d’Inuk
is not a documentary. Rather, it is a feature film, which tells the story of a child, who could be any of the
children in the Children’s Home or throughout Greenland. The boy, Inuk, lives in a traditional, subsistence
settlement until tragically his father falls through the ice and dies. Without a hunter to provide food, Inuk
and his mother are forced by circumstances to move to Greenland’s capital of Nuuk. Here, Inuk ‘ s mother
takes to alcohol and the boy is subjected to a subculture of drugs and violence. Social authorities enter the scene and Inuk is
sent to Børnehjemmet for rehabilitation. Viewed as a rite-of-passage film, the treatment process stresses both enculturation
to new ways as well as the old ways as many Greenlandic children have not had their own culture transmitted to them.
Along with a comprehensive western education, the film narrative depicts learning the old ways of hunting, fishing, and
dog sledging. Graduation comes in the form of successfully participating in all of the challenges of an expedition of up to
two months on the ice of Northwestern Greenland. Inuk meets all of the challenges. As of early 2012, the film has won 20
international awards including in the United States at Woodstock, Nashville, Charlotte and Alaska, Europe, and Australia.
Inuk has won awards for Best Actor, Best Film, and Best Director. Many of the actors are on staff of Børnehjemmet. Mike
Magidson directs the film. The producer is Florent Sax with Ann Andreasen as co-producer. The film has been financed by
Børnehjemmet, Ann Andreasen, Prince Albert of Monaco, Polar Sea Foods, and in-kind assistance from Air Greenland.
Film Session
Paper Abstracts
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Film Program
The Northern Lights Have Seen Strange Sights: Visual Anthropology from the Top of the World
Chair: Stephen Loring
From the Shadows into the Spotlight: A Unique Visual Record of Canada’s North is Returned to Canada
Walrus Tusk Chronicles (2011)
A rare collection of Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) silent films was returned to Canada in 2011 to become part of the permanent
Director Aleksei Vakhrushev will discuss his film, the Walrus Tusk Chronicles. Film Synopsis: despite the extreme
Speaker: Maureen Dolyniuk, Keeper, Hudson’s Bay Company Archives, Archives of Manitoba
holdings of the Hudson’s Bay Company Archives (HBCA) in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Once part of the HBC’s Archives in London
Speaker: Aleksei Vakhrushev, Film director
changes in Russia’s recent history, the Indigenous people of the northernmost corner of the country - the Chukotka
their return reunites them with the rest of the archives after more than 50 years of being apart. The films portray northern Inuit
peninsula - have succeeded in preserving the traditions of the ancient art that is crucial to their cultural survival. This
most outstanding footage can be found in what was once part of a two hour silent film called Romance of the Far Fur Country
is vital to their self-affirmation.
and First Nations communities and the Hudson’s Bay Company’s operations across northern Canada from 1919-1939. Some of the
commissioned by the Hudson’s Bay Company to celebrate its 250th anniversary celebrations in 1920 which will be featured in
this session. News of the return of the films has splashed across national and international media in recent months creating a
surge of interest in these early films and thrusting this new resource from the shadows into the spotlight after being relatively
unknown for nearly a century. This paper will discuss the unique circumstances surrounding the return of the films from the
British Film Institute in London. It will also discuss the importance of this new resource to the holdings of HBCA, especially to the
documentation of Inuit communities and Hudson’s Bay Company operations in the north and their unlimited value when
combined with other complementary textual, photographic, cartographic and film based records in HBCA documenting the north.
Filmmakers and The Far Fur Country: Contrasting the Journeys North in 1919 and 2012
Speaker: Kevin Nikkel, Filmmaker, Five Door Films
This paper contributes a narrative account of a project titled Return of the Far Fur Country, coinciding with the return to Canada
of rare silent films of the Hudson’s Bay Company shot in 1919. Using the trail of the filmmakers of 1919 to form a strategy for
community screenings across northern Canada, the current project returns to communities such as Kimmirut, Nunavut to connect
with local elders and gather oral histories on camera. Two of the newly re-discovered films released in 1920, Romance of the Far
Fur Country and Trials and Tribulations of a Cameraman, give a window into the filmmaker’s journey across Canada to capture
the workings of the Hudson’s Bay Company at that time. Research based on the textual records in the Hudson’s Bay Company
beautiful documentary shows how, in this harsh land, the peoples’ unique traditional bone-carving and engraving art
Expecting the Child: Visual Anthropology Within an Inuit Family (2012)
Speaker: Amelie Breton, Simon Bujold, Phd student in visual anthropology Laval University, CIÉRA, Independent
Cameraman for Glacialis Productions
For over 30 years, Inuit women in Nunavik did not legally have a choice as to where they would give birth. Indeed,
since the 1960’s, all pregnant women in Nunavik were flown to southern hospitals three weeks before their due date.
In January 2005, Phoebe Atagootalook became the first Inuit woman to officially be approved by the perinatal committee
to give birth at home. The film follows Phoebe and her family for the three weeks before the birth of her fifth child:
Mumlu. It sheds light on birthgiving in Nunavik at a personal, professional and cultural level.
A few clips from “the making of” will be the starting point for a discussion about the use of filmmaking technologies
by researchers. While describing our own research process, we will see how it developed into cooperative visual
anthropology with the Inuit. The historical context surrounding homebirths in Nunavik which lead to the making
of this film will be explained shortly before viewing a clip of the film.
Once in a Lifetime: Inuit in Nepal (2012)
Speaker: Mike Jaypoody, Shari Gearheard, Ittaq Heritage and Research Centre, National Snow & Ice Data Center
Archives in Winnipeg, and the unpublished journals of Harold M. Wyckoff, lead cameraman on the journey, give his impressions,
In early 2012, three Inuit from Kangiqtugaapik, Nunavut, travelled to Nepal, visiting Kathmandu and the remote Tsum Valley
Wyckoff and the HBC, contemporary filmmakers are revisiting the cultural and geographical content in the archival footage with
(people from Tsum Valley) together to share their knowledge and experiences with environmental change. Inuit and Tsumbas
and to film the north like Wyckoff did. Can we identify the Inuit people in the archival footage? What oral histories emerge as elders
groups realized that they share more than a changing physical environment, but also challenges from quickly changing social,
motivations and approaches to filming the north. As the current project returns to the same regions and communities filmed by
their own impressions, motivations, and approaches. New questions surface as we visit communities in 2012 to screen the footage
respond to the footage? How can this cinematic time capsule support the cultural distinctness and identity of the Canadian Inuit?
Life Story of an Eskimo: Representing the Inuit in The Romance of the Far Fur Country
Speaker: Peter Geller, Vice-Provost and Associate Vice-President Academic, University of the Fraser Valley
Early moving pictures of the Inuit, from the Edison films staged at the ‘Esquimaux Village’ at the Pan-American Exposition
in Buffalo in 1901 to Robert Flaherty’s widely influential Nanook of the North (shot in Hudson Bay and released in 1922), are
important visual elements in establishing a popular view of the Inuit. This paper will explore the portrayal of Inuit in the Hudson’s
near the Tibetan border. The visit was part of an NSF-funded exchange project that brought Inuit, Nepalese, and Tsumbas
both depend in many ways on snow and ice, and that snow and ice is changing rapidly. After visiting with each other, the
political, and economic landscapes. This presentation complements a short film based on the exchange submitted to the
conference film festival by young Inuit filmmaker Mike Jaypoody called, ‘Holy Cow’ Inuit in Nepal!? In the presentation we
will share our reflections on the exchange experience and on the approach of bringing local experts from very different global
regions together to share culture, history, future hopes and plans, and strategies for living in a rapidly changing world.
Siqqitiq (Crossing Over): Paradoxes of Transculturation in the Journals of Knud R asmussen
Ian J. MacRae, Assistant Professor Contemporary Studies & Journalism, Wilfrid Laurier University Brantford
Bay Company (HBC) sponsored film, The Romance of the Far Fur Country (1920), situating these early moving images of the
As director Zacharias Kunuk explains, The Journals of Knud Rasmussen (2006): tries to answer two questions that
cinematographers Harold Wyckoff and Bill Derr recorded images of shiptime and life around the HBC posts of Wolsentholme
cultural history, when powerful external forces converged in Northern Foxe Basin, and when the Iglulingmiut, who
is that these scenes were woven together into a short picture story, Reminisces/Life Story of an Eskimo (which was also distributed
belief; particularly the songs and stories associated with the conversion ritual of siqqitiq the communion with which
Canadian north in the context of this history of representation. Sailing north on the Nascopie, the HBC’s eastern arctic supply ship,
(Ivujivik), Port Burwell (Killiniq) and Lake Harbour (Kimmurit). What makes The Romance of the Far Fur Country so remarkable
as a one-reel film, A Tale of the Fur North). Utilizing the services of Anglican missionary and linguist Reverend Edmund Peck (who
was also a passenger on the Nascopie in 1919), Inuktitut syllabics were incorporated into the film’s intertitles. This use of Inukitut is
particularly intriguing, suggesting how the film’s texts and images worked together to present both authenticity and exoticism in its
representation of the Inuit.
Film Program
Rediscovering the Far Fur Country: Inuit Moving Pictures in the Years Before Nanook of the North
Chair: Peter Geller
haunted me my whole life: Who were we? And what happened to us? The film tells of a crucial moment in Iglulingmiut
knew how to believe, changed the contents of their stories, what they believe. They also changed their ceremonies of
the film ends at Igloolik. As Bernard Saladin d’Anglure observes, most field studies of Inuit religion took between
place between ethnographers who were able to talk to former shamans, most of the time at the very moment of their
conversion to Christianity? (1997). If Avva hadn’t already converted in the spring of 1922 (Mathiassen 194; Rasmussen
1927), Rasmussen wouldn’t have his texts, this knowledge wouldn’t be available as script. This is the enabling condition
| 27
of Avva’s discourse; the fourteen-minute monologue at the heart of the film, with one of his tuurngait, spirit helpers,
lingering over his shoulder. It is also an element the film entirely elides, thereby creatively transfiguring the established
historical chronology, and providing insight into the film’s methods and intentions. In Journals, Avva banishes his
can only talk about spirits after one has ceased to believe in their power; a contradiction the film does not entertain. This
is also the missing detail that has enabled this knowledge to be transmitted cross-culturally. In this paper I examine
these paradoxes of transculturation in this film, and what they mean to Igloolik Isuma’s self-stated project of Inuit
Interactive
Webcast
Film Program
helpers well after his interview with Knud, at film’s end when he arrives at Igloolik. This is a historical anachronism, in
that one couldn’t talk so openly about one’s spirit helpers, lest they be recruited or corrupted by another shaman. Avva
cultural transmission and recovery.
The Silent Films of Nancy Columbia and Esther Enutseak
Kenn Harper, Independent Scholar
Beginning with the World’s Columbian Exposition in 1893, Inuit from Labrador were exhibited at every major World’s
Fair in the USA until 1909. Some subsequently returned to Labrador; others remained in America. One family in
particular, the extended family of Esther Enutseak, including her daughter, Nancy Columbia (born in Chicago), became
professional exhibitees. Their lives have been well-documented photographically, in newspapers, advertisements, stereo
cards, cabinet cards, postcards and photographs. Less well-known and little documented is their involvement in early
American silent movies, including two in which the family had star billing. For one of these, Nancy Columbia wrote the
screenplay. Their film work took them from Florida to Michigan and finally to Hollywood. More than a decade before
the release of Nanook of the North, from at least 1911 until at least 1920, this Inuit family from Labrador played Inuit,
Native American and even Japanese roles. This paper will trace the history of this Labrador Inuit family from world’s
fair exhibitees to silent film actors. It will discuss their role in early American silent movies against the general context of
native people in film, and show how their presence contributed to the evolving popular stereotype of the Inuit.
Interactive Webcast
From D.C. to the Top of the World
The 18th ISC will be addressing the central theme, “Inuit/Arctic/Connections: Learning from the Top of the World,” at
the Smithsonian Institution 24-28 October, 2012. This particular meeting will expand the traditional conference format
by situating ISC-18 in a contemporary digital environment, by developing an extensive website and by broadcasting
key sessions and events in streaming media with interactive communication techniques. We will ensure participation
of young as well as seasoned scholars and to implement a digital communication plan that expands the impact of the
conference from attendees to the wider world.
Youth-Elder Learning Pairs Program
In addition, the conference committee is proud to include the Learning Pairs Program that will tie into the interactive webcast.
The Learning Pairs Program engages youth and elders in critical two-way conversations about their culture, history, heritage,
language, environment and broadly disseminates their perspectives on current Arctic and native arts and science via the web
through social media (e.g., Facebook, Twitter), audio podcasts, social video (e.g., YouTube), and written blogs, with Inuit and
Yup’ik communities in Northern Alaska, Canada, and Greenland. The Learning Pairs program includes 6 Inuit and Yup’ik
youth to attend the conference with an elder mentor; to exchange responses and reflections on the ideas, resources and content
discussed throughout the plenary talks, collections tours, and give individual presentations with their mentors; Learning
Pairs will provide a platform for native youth participants to share their insights, reactions, and evaluations of the conference
ideas and discussions with the public, and in particular, with northern residents online.
| 29
Interactive Webcast Schedule
Inuit Arts, Visual Power,
Governance and
Themes Anthropology,
Film and Media Politics in the
North
Inuit Heritage,
Globalization:
Museums and the An Arctic Story
North
The ‘New’ Arctic:
Social, Cultural
and Climate
Change
Perceptions
of the Past, a
more inclusive
archaeology
Inuit Languages
and Literature
Inuit Education
and Health
** Join the conversation live! Register for the webinar and join the conversation live to ask your questions and make your comments. For future access, all webinars
will be archived on the Inuit Studies Conference portal.
8:15 to 10:00
10:15 to 12:00
William Ritchie, “Holding
Down Shadows: The Disconnect
Between Practice and Discourse
in Contemporary Inuit Art”
Abraham Anghik Ruben, “Arctic
Journeys/Ancient Memories: The
Sculpture of Abraham Anghik
Ruben” [Interview Format]
William Fitzhugh “Exhibitions
at the Inuit Studies Conference”
[Interview Format]
Friday
Mark Serreze, Plenary:
“The Arctic as the
Messenger of Global
Climate Change”
Saturday
Lisa Koperqualuk & Betsy
Annahatak, “Expected Leadership
Jonathan King, “Historic
in Inuit Societies”
Inuinnait collections at the
British Museum”
Lynn Peplinski and Sheila
Oolayou, “What’s In a Name?”
Sylvie Blangy, “Exchanging on
Lessons Learned about Industrial
Development; a Triangular
Research Collaboration Between
Communities, Universities and the
Industry”
Susan Kaplan, “In a State of
Transformation: Inuit Art and the
Peary-MacMillan Arctic Museum”
Kenneth Lister, ”’That’s not a
Kayak!’: Form, Function, and
Cultural Appropriation”
Nelson Graburn, “Experiments
in Inuit Tourism: the Global’s
Local in the Eastern Canadian
Arctic”
Ann Andreasen, “Børnehjemmet:
the Children’s Home in
Uummannaq, Northwest
Greenland”
Bjarne Grønnow and Jens Fog
Jensen, “Arctic Pioneers and
Materiality: Studies of Long Term
Trends in Saqqaq Material Culture,
2.500 BC -- 800 BC”
Gerlis Fugmann, “SelfDetermination and Resource
Development: Participation in
resource extraction industries in
Nunatsiavut”
Ann Hudson, “Mobilizing Inuit
Cultural Heritage”
William Fitzhugh, “Henry B.
Collins and the Emergence of
Eskimo Archaeology “
Keavy Martin, “How Do You Say
‘Poetry’ in Inuktitut?”
Nellie Cournoyea,
Plenary: “Adaptation and
Resilience - The Inuvialuit
Story”
3:00 to 5:30
Aqqaluk Lynge, “History of
Language Survival Identity,
Literature and History in
Greenland”
Conference
Themes
Thursday
Mead Treadwell
“Earning an “A” in
Arctic 101: Preparing for
the Opportunities and
Challenges of the New
Arctic
1:30 to 3:00
Pausauraq Jana Harcharek,
“Iñupiat Self Determination in
Education”
Michelle Doucette Issaluk, “The
Determinants of Food Security
for Inuit Women: Understanding
Pregnancy, Nutrition, and Health
in the Baffin Region of Nunavut”
Conference Themes
The overall conference theme is “Arctic | Inuit | Connections: Learning from the Top of the World.” We believe this
broad theme inspires discussion about important Inuit issues and how they impact the rest of the world.
| 31
Heritage Museums and The North
Historically, museum collections played critical role in representing the material and cultural heritage, identity and
languages of aboriginal nations across the circumpolar North. Thanks to the advent of innovative forms of cultural
outreach and communication technologies, museums now have greater opportunities and responsibility as custodians
of indigenous cultural heritage and history. These opportunities also serve to encourage collaboration among polar
communities, museums and other cultural/heritage institutions via new creative projects.
Globalization: An Arctic Story
The global processes that define our world today greatly influence cultural awareness, understanding, and people’s
as opportunities, globalization becomes a critical factor in once remote and isolated polar regions. Speakers addressing
this theme will discuss specific northern implications of global processes as they interact with the global and local spheres.
Power, Governance And Politics In The North
Theme 1: Inuit Heritage, Museums and the North
1.1 Inuit and Dialogues on Knowing - The Right Format?
Session Chairs: Anne Mette Jørgensen, Cunera Buijs, Aviâja Rosing Jakobsen, Martin Appelt and Stephen Loring
(National Museum of Denmark, National Museum of Ethnology, Leiden, Netherlands, Greenland National Museum and
Archives, Nuuk, The National Museum of Denmark, Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian, National Museum of Natural
History
Saturday October 27, 2012, 10:15am-12:15pm, 1:30pm-3:00pm
Ripley Center, Room 3035
“For every kind of experience there is a proper format. And one of the things is to try to find that format.” (Edmund
Carpenter in the documentary “Oh what a Blow that Phantom gave me – Edmund Carpenter” (2003) by John Bishop
In recent decades a number of historically significant transitions in local governance and Inuit political life have taken
and Harald Prins). In the past oral tradition was central in Inuit society. After the introduction of Euro-American
and governance needs of local communities in the North, under different political regimes.
communication opens for different ways of producing and sharing knowledge. Also museums and archives participate
place across the North. These power shifts provide an opportunity for case studies as well as illuminate the leadership
The ‘New ’ Arctic: Social, Cultural And Climate Change
The Arctic is changing rapidly and the dramatic reduction of polar sea ice symbolizes the transformation of a ‘frozen’
world of the past into a seasonally ice-free Arctic of tomorrow. These physical changes have already had a profound
impact on Arctic cultures and residents, on the natural resources that sustain northern peoples, and for the first time
directly affect the wider world as a result of new access to formerly inaccessible lands and waters. Speakers will address
the many socio-cultural issues of the changing Arctic world today.
Inuit Education and Health
lifestyles new ways of communicating, learning and knowing were added. Nowadays, a very wide variety of electronic
in this process and make photographic collections, art collections and other material culture available to a wide public
for instance through websites and social media. A parallel process is taking place within the humanities and social
sciences where collaborative approaches communicated in sensuous, visual, poetic, evocative and/or artistic expressions
challenge and widens the possibility spaces of research and academic recognition. This session invites artists, scholars
and other communication experts to present examples of alternative ways of sharing and producing knowledge in Inuit
society and Inuit studies together with reflections on the interplay between experimental forms of communication and
scientific analysis. How do we select the right communicative format? Are terms like validity, relevance and reliability
still appropriate when evaluating these new ways of knowing? And is it possible, in combining Inuit world views and
This theme elucidates the evolution of the Inuit education system and examines how institutions of health and
concepts and academic discourses, to expand our ways of knowing, in other words to innovate science?
and contemporary context, including the impacts of residential schooling which has greatly affected historical and
Cunera Buijs, Anne Mette Jørgensen Aviâja Rosing Jakobsen & Martin Appelt Inuit and Dialogues on Knowing - The
education have successfully or unsuccessfully merged with Inuit ideas of education and health both in a historical
contemporary experiences of education. Inuit Languages and Literature
Speakers will explore the importance of Inuit languages and Inuit literature in understanding the Inuit world, as well as
Speakers:
Right Format
Doris Baltruschat Inuit Storytelling in Film and Multimedia
Julie Edel Hardenberg Reflecting the Power of Language in Art
the importance of language revitalization projects across the North. Additional Invited Speakers
Inuit Art, Film And Media: Visual Anthropology Of The North
1.2. From Boas to Burch: One Hundred Years of ‘Eskimology,’ 1880–1980
Film has well as contemporary Inuit art has played a prominent role in shaping an international awareness and
appreciation of Inuit culture and Inuit life. The work of Robert Flaherty (Nanook of the North, 1922), Knud Rasmussen
(The Wedding of Palo, 1934) and Asen Balicksi (Netsilik Eskimo series, 1968) as well as the establishment of sculpture and
print making workshops across the north have provided a lasting legacy and perspective on Inuit culture and history.
Building on this bedrock contemporary filmmakers and artists continue to capture and communicate Northern life and
experiences throughout the world.
Perceptions of The Past, A More Inclusive Archaeology
Archaeology, especially as it pertains to Inuit history and heritage, formerly the purview of southern scientists
Session Chair: Igor Krupnik (Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian)
Thursday Oct 25, 10:15am-12:15pm, 1:30pm-3:00pm, 3:30-5:00pm
Ripley Center Lecture Hall
The field of Inuit Studies (once called ‘Eskimology’) emerged around 1880 in Greenland/Denmark, Canada and the
U.S. It was inaugurated by pioneer scholarship and publications by Franz Boas, Henry Rink, Edward Nelson, Lucian
Turner, Emile Pétitot that helped build the foundation for later cohorts of ‘Eskimologists.’ Papers in this invited session
review revolutionary ideas and developments in Inuit Studies over 100 years, between 1880 and 1980, from the first
documentation of Inuit knowledge of the land and the sea (Boas) and comparative Eskimo dialectology (Rink) to the
and researchers, is increasingly being conducted in a cooperative community context that actively includes Inuit
Inuit subsistence land-use mapping (Freeman) and pre-contact Inuit ‘nations’ (Burch) in the 1970s.
research in the Arctic has the potential to provide important insights into cultural and ecological consequences
Igor Krupnik Introduction
participation in all facets of the planning, implementing and interpreting of archaeological resources. Archaeological
attending climate change in the North.
Sessions &
Speakers
Conference
Themes
experiences with the North. In an age when Northern communities and habitats are faced with new challenges, as well
Sessions and Speakers
Speakers:
Jerrold Sadock Samuel Kleinschmidt’s Grammar and Dictionary
Ludger Müller-Wille Inuit and the Arctic Environment: Scientific Approaches and Interpretations by Franz Boas between 1881 and 1886
| 33
Ole Marquard Between Science and Politics - Hinrich Johannes Rink
papers help to define the characteristics of the representations through which government helped to create southern
Kirsten Hastrup Knud Rasmussen (1879-1933): Explorer, Ethnographer, Narrator
the panel will stimulate discussion around the themes of Power, Governance and Politics in the North.
Heinrich Johannes Rink “Techniques du Corps”: Early C20 Inuit Studies in France and Germany
Speakers:
Hans Christian Gulløv The Concept of Palaeo- and Neo-Eskimo Cultures: Steensby and his Students Birket-Smith and Mathiassen
Ole Marquardt Between Science and Politics
William Fitzhugh Henry B. Collins and the Emergence of Eskimo Archaeology
Ryan Shackleton Filming the Past: A Critical Examination of Lewis Cotlow’s High Arctic (1962)
Nikolay Vakhtin Yupik Eskimo Linguistics in Russia: Bogoras ‘Rubtsova’ Menovshchikov
Traditional Inuit Names in Nunavut
Carol Jolles Charles Campbell Hughes: Encounters with the Sivuqaghhmiit, the Yupiget of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska
Government Policy in the Arctic, 1922-1925
Søren Thuesen William Thalbitzer and Danish Eskimology
Peter Schweitzer Albert C. Heinrich and the Study of Alaskan Inuit Kinship
Kenneth L. Pratt A Retrospective on the Genesis of Alaska Eskimo Ethnohistory
Evgeny Golovko Alutiiq as a Dominating Language: The Results of Alutiiq-Russian Interaction in the 19th century
Claudio Aporta The Power of Maps: ILUOP Project (1976) as a Landmark in Inuit Land Use Studies
Igor Krupnik 1880-1980: One Hundred Years of Eskimology
1.3. Language, Memory and Landscape
Philip Goldring The Official Names of Such Places Shall Be Reviewed... And May be Changed? Government Policy and
Janice Cavell “We Were Certainly Surprised to See What Can Actually Be Made Out of the Eskimos”: Photography and Canadian
Lynn Peplinski and Sheila Oolayou What’s in a Name?
1.5 Heritage Museums and the North: Institutions and Inuit Collections before 1913
Session Chair: Jonathan King (‘Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge)
Friday October 26, 2012 10:15am-12:15pm, 1:30-3:00pm
NMAI Rasmuson Theater
Session Chair: Kenneth L. Pratt (Bureau of Indian Affairs, Alaska)
This session will focus on the curation and deployment of early Inuit material culture collections as a critical resource
ago before the Canadian Arctic Expedition of 1913-1917? How can knowledge and use of these collections be improved
Saturday October 27, 10:15am-12:15pm, 1:30pm-3:00pm
during a period of accelerating change. Two questions will be asked: what collections were made more than a century
Anthropologists have historically treated language as the principal marker of indigenous identity. During the past half-century,
with active curation by Inuit and the wider community? Abstracts are sought from Inuit, curators, anthropologists,
Concurrently, indigenous “identity” is increasingly described in terms of peoples’ connections to place and their experiences
explorers, whalers, miners, police and missionaries.
however, social changes and population shifts have reduced the number and fluency of indigenous language speakers.
of landscapes. Often memory-based, these linkages may be tracked through traditional stories and first-hand accounts, place
archaeologists, art historians, and independent scholars. The original collections may have been made by traders,
Speakers:
names or other linguistic data, and descriptions of particular cultural or natural landscape features. Papers in this session will
Jonathan King Historic Inuinnait Collections at the British Museum
Speakers:
Kenneth Lister “That’s not a Kayak!”: Form, Function, and Cultural Appropriation
explore indigenous peoples’ relationships to the land from linguistic, ethnographic, and archaeological perspectives.
Ken Pratt Introduction
Emily Kudlak, Joanne Bird and Cynthia Chambers Inuinnait Visual Repatriation
Jamie Morton The Early Inuit Collections of the Hudson’s Bay Company
Murielle Nagy Inuvialuit Identity as Reflected through the Use and Memory of a Common Territory
Henrietta Lidchi Counceller Exploration, Trade and Science: the Multiple Roots of a Northern Collection
Beatrice Collignon Naming Places, Creating Landscapes, Memorizing Inuit Geographies
Clair Warrior Institutions and Inuit Collections: the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London
William Fitzhugh and Ken Pratt Unveiling the Alaska Field Journals of Edward W. Nelson, 1877-1881
Kenn Harper A Nunavut Heritage Centre
Erica Hill: Enculturated Landscapes and Indigenous Ontologies: Towards an Arctic Prehistory of Place
Teri Rofkar TBA
Scott Heyes and Peter Jacobs Empowering and Revitalizing Inuit Knowledge of Landscape through Storytelling Architecture
Gary Holton A Comparison of Landscape Categorization in Inuit-Yupik and Dene Languages in Alaska
Noel Broadbent: The Search for a Past: Saami Prehistory in Northern Coastal Sweden
Chuck Smythe: The Historical and Cultural Significance of Kunáa (Redoubt Lake Village), Near Sitka, Alaska
John Cloud Tracing the Shore on Tusk and Paper: Guy and Joe Kakaryook and the Coast and Geodetic Survey
Matt Ganley: The Drawings of Peter Kakarak
Ken Pratt The Country Keeps Changing: Cultural and Historical Contexts of Ecosystem Changes in the Yukon Delta
1.4. The Canadian State and Visual/Cartographic Representations of the North
Session Chair: Kenn Harper
Friday October 26, 2012, 3:30pm-5:00pm
NMAI 4019
Throughout the 20th century, the Canadian government created representations of Canada’s Arctic region, portraying
the area and its inhabitants in a way that would further government aims at home and abroad. This panel will look at
three distinct forms taken by such official representations: photographs, films, and toponomy. Together, the individual
Session &
Speakers
Session &
Speakers
ideas of the north. By showing how visual and cartographic representations could be manipulated for various purposes,
Fred Calabretta Captain George Comer (1858-1937)
Bernadette Driscoll Engelstad Inuinnait Clothing: The Cadzow Collection at the National Museum of the American Indian
Bernadette Miqqusaaq Dean Film: Inuit Piqutingit: What Belongs to Inuit
1.6 Inuit Shamanism: Some Comparative and Historical Perspectives
Session Chair: Bernard Saladin d’Anglure (Laval University)
Thursday October 25, 2012, 10:15-12:30pm, 1:30-3:00pm
Inuit shamanism (Angakkuuniq in the Igloolik dialect) has suffered from a neglect of ethnographic research,
ethnological comparisons, and theoretical anthropological analyses, to borrow a distinction that C.Lévi-Stauss and
others have made between ethnography, ethnology, and anthropology. This lack may be put down to several reasons.
First, few ethnographers, since Knud Rasmussen, have sufficiently learned the Inuit language to be able to discuss
the subject with elders (Inuit, Inupiat, Yupit, or Kalaslit). Second, from an Inuit standpoint it is not easy to talk about
human/spirit relationships with the uninitiated. Finally, Christianization has from the outset taken a dualistic approach
to spirituality, with no compromise possible between Good and Evil. Former shamans could only submit to the new
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faith, by becoming catechists if need be, or reject it at the cost of being demonized or ostracized. This cleavage has been
accentuated by two trends: 1) a new effort to Christianize the Inuit Arctic by more charismatic and radical Christian
denominations; and 2) a revival of interest in shamanism among many Inuit students and artists and even some elders,
Contemporary appreciation and understanding of the Arctic and Inuit people can be attributed to the extensive collections,
ethnographies, and preservation of historic artifacts in museums in or focused on the north. This session will include
who are unhappy with it having been demonized. Shamanism-related material culture has likewise been neglected,
presentations of new insights from important collections and artifacts from Russia, Greenland, Canada and Alaska.
shamanistic practices. Discussion in this session will take us out of such fixed patterns of thought and will examine the
Roben Jack “They Sure were Short, and Homely!” Responding to Visitor’s Misconceptions in Small Museums
when its artifacts are not being paraded by Christian denominations as trophies of their successful fight against
socio-cultural contexts of the extensive collections on display or kept in storage areas at several major museums. Inuit
and researchers alike will be informed about recent research findings from Inuit territories or from other shamanistic
culture areas that are either comparable or adjacent in Asia or the Americas. Participants will be invited to describe their
methodology and to open up to comparative study when their research work allows it.
Speakers:
Speakers:
Jenya Anichenko Umiak story: from a Chukchi Sea Village to the Archaeological Record and Back
Lars Krutak Shipwrecked in Siberia, or How a Kerek Collection Came to the Sheldon Jackson Museum”
Julia Kupina and Elena Mikhailova Bridging Identities: Inuit Heritage in the Collections of Peter the Great Museum of
Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera)
Matthew Walls Qaannat Katuffiat: Intangible Heritage, Kinaesthetic Knowledge, and the Kayak Competition in Greenland
Bernard Saladin d’Anglure and Francoise Morin Inuit Shamanism: Some Comparative and Historical Perspectives
Norman Hallendy TAKU
Marjorie Mandelstam Balzer Shamans Emerging from Repression in Siberia and Beyond
Theme 2: Globalization: An Arctic Story
Dmitriy Oparin The Commemoration of the Dead Among the Siberian Yupik. Contemporary Ritual Practice in its Diversity
Session Chairs: Jackie Dawson (Department of Geography, University of Ottawa) and Margaret Johnson (Lakehead
Birgitte Sønne Initiations in Solitude, Public, and Myth of Shamans in Pre-Christian East Greenland
Frédéric Laugrand Personal Experiences and Care: the Roots of Inuit Leadership, or How Felix Kupak Became a Christian Leader?
Kennet Pedersen East Greenlandic Angakkut - Revisited and Rehabilitated
Rolf Gilberg TBA
1.7 Celebrating Inuvialuit Heritage
Session Chairs: Stephen Loring (Arctic Studies Center), Charles Arnold (Univ. of Calgary), Catherine Cockney
(Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre)
Friday October 26th, 2012 1:30pm-3:00pm, 3:30pm-5:00pm
Ripley Center Room 3111
A recent convergence of interest in the culture, history and heritage of the Inuvialuit has resulted in a variety of projects
2.1. Human Dimensions of Resource Development and Commercial Activities in the Arctic
University)
Thursday October 25, 2012 10:15am-12:15pm, 1:30pm-3:00pm
Wilson Center 6th Floor Boardroom
Arctic regions are experiencing an unprecedented increase in economic development initiatives and international
attention to sovereignty, access, climate change, and Inuit rights that bring both opportunities and risks for local
residents. The session addresses these issues and the development of policy responses through papers that concentrate
on the exploitation of natural resources and increasing commercial activities in the Arctic – including tourism. Emphasis
will be on social sustainability as well as resilience and adaptive capacity in Inuit communities. Presentations that draw
together multi-disciplinary aspects of change and that discuss policy and regulatory efforts within the context of global
that have gained prominence both within the Inuvialuit Settlement Region and much further afield. Contributions by
change and economic development are particularly welcome.
anthropologists, archaeologists and historians highlight dramatic aspects of Inuvialuit history and heritage that in
Martin Robards, Henry Huntington and Raychelle Daniel International Shipping, Indigenous Subsistence Communities,
awareness of the region due to political, economic and environmental change.
Jackie Dawson Cruise Tourism as an Emerging Economic Opportunity in Arctic Canada
Inuvialuit researchers, community leaders, elders and young people coupled with perspectives derived from museum
turn provide a prominent backdrop to a resurgence of Inuvialuit heritage and pride coinciding with an increased
Speakers:
Cathy Cockney We are Still Here: Inuvialuit Cultural Revival and Adaptation
Natasha Lyons and Mervin Joe Learning from Working with Inuvialuit Elders
Letitia Pokiak and Mervin Joe Contemporary Inuvialuit Involvement in Archaeological Projects in the Inuvialuit Settlement
Region (ISR)
Albert Elias and Charles Arnold The Schooner Era In Twentieth Century Inuvialuit History
Lisa Hodgetts Towards a Community-Based Archaeology of Past Landscapes on Banks Island
Stephen Loring, Natasha Lyons, Kate Hennessey, Mervin Joe and Others The Inuvialuit Living History Project
Charles Arnold Using Evidence from Inuvialuit and European Illustrations to Explore the MacFarlane Collection
Myrna Pokiak Taimani - At that Time” Inuvialuit Timeline Visual Guide and Teacher Guide
Walter Vanast “Documentary Archeology”: An Example with Many Photos Concerning Chief Kokhlik, the Mackenzie Delta’s
Powerful Leader 1892-1902
1.8. Inuit Heritage and Museums
Session Chair: Lars Krutak (Repatriation Office, Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution)
Friday October 26, 2012 10:15am-12:15pm
Session &
Speakers
Session &
Speakers
Speakers:
and Marine Mammals in the Bering Strait Region: Finding a Workable Solution
Valene Smith Arctic Alaska Tourism; “Traditions and Transitions”
Deepak Chhabra Critical Analysis of Arctic Tourism Representations by Induced Agents in the United States: A Sustainable
Marketing Perspective
Sonya Graci The Use of Stakeholder Engagement as a Tool for Community Based Tourism Development in Inuit Communities
Martha Dowsley Women, Work and Sovereignty in Baffin Island
Harvey Lemelin The Vulnerability of the Caribou Harvest in Canada
Kelsey Peterson & Benjamin Bradshaw Heterogeneous Experiences with Mining: A Case Study of Baker Lake, Nunavut
Roger Ritsema Before the Boom? A Snapshot of Economic Development in Nunavut, Canada
Sarah Hazell & Davin Holen The Political Ecology of Resource Development in the Eastern Interior of Alaska
2.2. Towards a new definition of Arctic Sovereignty: Indigenous players in a global cultural economy
Session Chairs: Anna Hudson (Canadian Art and Curatorial Studies, York University) and Heather Igloliorte
(Aboriginal Art History, Concordia University)
Thursday October 25, 2012 3:30pm-5:00pm
NMAI Room 4019
In the era of globalization the Arctic is viewed as a resource cradle for unsustainable world growth. Current expressions
| 37
of Arctic sovereignty serve economic agendas -- strategized in political and corporate circles – ignoring Indigenous
Arctic community health, welfare and prosperity. And yet the same technologies that damage can also heal. This session
considers the new internationalism of Arctic visual and performance art, exploring how circumpolar cultures are
Session Chair: Nadine C. Fabbi (Canadian Studies Center, Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, University of
Washington)
beginning to assert their own forms of sovereignty as the real stakeholders in the Arctic, mobilizing an alternative take
Thursday October 25, 2012, 10:15am-12:15pm, 1:30-3:00pm
Speakers:
Over the last century, land claim negotiations, agreements and efforts towards sovereignty have transformed Inuit systems of
on the future of the global village.
Pauline Wakeham At the Intersection of Apology and Sovereignty: The Arctic Exile Monument Project as Territorial
Reinscription
Nancy Wachowich The Skin and the Screen: Inuit Skin Parkas, Art and Filmmaking
Joar Nango Land and Language: Indigenous Hiphop in a Globalized World
Heather Igloliorte Self-Determination and Sovereignty: A Recent History of Arctic Art
Anna Hudson Mobilizing Inuit Cultural Heritage
2.3 New Identities in a Globalized World
Session Chair: Gitte Tróndheim (Head of the Department of Cultural and Social History Ilisimatusarfik / University of
Greenland)
Friday October 26, 2012 10:15am-12:15pm
NMAI 4019
In an increasingly globalized world, the flow of global ideas, information and culture of the South, interact with
Wilson 4th Floor Conference Room
governance. This session will discuss the significant cultural, social, political and economic implications resulting from these
changes for Inuit people and for Arctic policy and economic activities.
Speakers:
Jack Hicks Times Have Changed: One Ore Body, Two Different Environmental Assessment Processes
Lawerence Felt & David Natcher Nunatsiavut at 6: Challenges and Opportunities of a Recent Inuit Land Claims Government
Johannes Lampe and Dave Lough The Cultural Revolution of the Labrador Inuit
Barret Weber On How Nlca Teaches Us How to Begin Again From the Beginning
James C. Saku Socio-Economic Change in the Western Arctic of Canada: Twenty Five Years after the Inuvialuit Final Agreement
Uffe Jakobsen Arctic Governance, Asian Interests, Societal Security and Climate Change
Nelson Graburn Experiments in Inuit Tourism: the Global’s Local in the Eastern Canadian Arctic
Nadine C. Fabbi Policy & Spatial Activism of Arctic Indigenous Peoples
Gerlis Fugmann Self-Determination and Resource Development: Participation in Resource Extraction Industries in Nunatsiavut
Thibault Martin Tourism and Aboriginal Governance in Canadian Circumpolar Protected Areas
Inuit cultures of the North. Various aspects of these broad-scale processes within and between the Arctic nations,
Axel Jeremiassen Public Opinion in Greenland 1911-1939 - the Newspapers Avangnâmioq and Atuagagdliutit
areas, including social relations, modern versus traditional heritage, and the role of the ‘Inuit-ness’ in today’s world.
3.3. Space, Place and Identity in the North
communities and peoples are reflected in this session on the changing northern identities across the Inuit/Yupik/Alutiiq
Speakers:
Session Chair: Claudio Aporta (Carleton University) and Michael Bravo (Scott Polar Research Institute, University of
Aviaja Anna Storch Lyberth Communicating Culture in Greenlandic Public Service Media
Cambridge)
Andreas Otte The Greenlandic Underground Enigma: When Inuit Go ‘Alternative’?
Ripley Room 3031
Gitte Tróndheim Kinship in Greenland - Emotions of Relatedness
Saturday October 27, 2012 10:15am-12:15pm, 1:30-3:00pm
Jette Rygaard Media Communication, Globalization and Identity
Inuit have been considerably shaped by place and space. In this session, the historic and contemporary use of space and
Changing Federation
changes, this presents important new questions about how Inuit relations with place and space shapes their identity and futures.
Theme 3: Power, Governance and Politics in the North
Speakers:
3.1. Expected Leadership in Inuit Societies
Claudio Aporta Revisiting Arctic Occupation: The Northwest Passage and the Construction of Inuit Pan-Arctic Identities
Adrienne Davidson Globalization and Inuit Sub-Government States: Understanding Opportunities and Challenges in Canada’s
Session Chair: Naullaq Arnaquq (Government of Nunavut) and Frédéric Laugrand (Department of Anthropology,
Université Laval)
northern people’s interaction with Arctic landscapes are discussed. As the use of space and the access to places in the north
Stephen Pax Leonard Language, Place and Belonging in North-West Greenland: Some Phenomenological Thoughts
Michael Bravo The Inuit Northwest Passage: Conceptualizing Navigational Strategies for Sea Crossings of Lancaster Sound
Kim van Dam Being Young In Nunavut. The Meaning Of Community, The Land and Territory to the Young People of Pond Inlet
Friday October 26, 2012 10:15am-12:15pm, 1:30pm-3:00pm, 3:30pm-5:00pm
Amber Lincoln Reindeer Herding, Migration Waves and a Sense of Place in the Alaska Peninsula
As there is a big expectation toward Inuit leadership on a local, regional and international level -Inuit themselves express
Fabienne Joliet Learning From Inuit Self-Imaging Family, Familiar and Unfamiliar Landscapes Research Notes
Wilson 6th Floor Auditorium
more and more often their need to have good leaders-, this session will provide the occasion to discuss those issues in more
details. What are Inuit expectations toward their leaders? What are the needs of Arctic communities regarding leadership?
What kind of role do Inuit leaders have to take at a regional and international level? What kind of education do they need?
And how do they manage to conciliate today’s positions of leadership and Inuit values of authority and power?
Roundtable Speakers:
Louis-Jacques Dorais, Michèle Therrien, Lisa Koperqualuk & Betsy Annahatak, Laurent Jérôme & Fabien Pernet
Frédéric Laugrand, Thierry Rodon, Pascale Laneuville, Donna Patrick, Fiona Walton, Jacob Jaypoody, Naullaq
Arnaquq, Jukeepa Hainnu, Darlene O’Leary
Session &
Speakers
Session &
Speakers
3.2 Inuit Governance, Land Claims and Sovereignty
Joslyn Cassady ‘Dreams Are the Other Half of Life’: Iñupiaq Travels in a Christianized Landscape
Peter Kulchyski Public and Private in Pangnirtung Architecture
Julie Raymond-Yakoubian Cosmological Changes: Shifts in Human-Fish Relationships Amongst the Bering Strait Inuit
Audhild Schanche Arctic Heritage Site Listings: The Arctic Council’s Cultural Heritage Project
3.4 The US Arctic Research Plan and Partnering with Communities
Session Chair: Brendan Kelly. Introduction by Eva Pell, Smithsonian Under Secretary for Science
Thursday October 25, 2012 10:15am-12:15pm
Ripley Room 3035
This session introduces the work of the Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (IARPC) and its role as a coordinator
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of US Government science policies relating to Arctic regions, especially focusing on Alaska and neighboring regions.
The IARPC was established in 1984 with passage of the U.S. Arctic Research and Policy Act (PL 98-373). The Act also
established a U.S. Arctic Research Commission composed of non-governmental experts who provide independent
advice to the government. The IARPC, a subcommittee of the National Science and Technology Council, is chaired by
the Director of the National Science Foundation and has representatives from all the major U.S. government agencies
Arctic Mine
Aldene Meis Mason Future Directions for Inuit Extractive Industry Development in the Nunavut and the Northwest Territories
Patrik Lantto The Two Faces of Sweden’s Policy for the North: Indigenous Protection and Energy Production
Ivar Bjørklund The Interface Between Ethno-Politics and Industrial Development: A Story of Mining, Windmills nd Reindeer
with responsibilities in Arctic and some subarctic regions. One of IARPC’s major tasks is the creation of a coordinated
Herding In Northern Norway
review—and include discussion of research partnerships with Arctic communities.
4.2. Research to Action in Inuit Nunangat: Perspectives on Connections & Lessons from Canadian Inuit
Arctic Research Plan, issued every five years. This session will summarize the new version of the plan—now under final
Speakers:
Session Chair: Scot Nickels (ITK)
additional panelists.
Martin Jefferies, Igor Krupnik, Bill Fitzhugh, Simon Stephenson, Dan Odess, John Farrell, John Calder and
3.5 Arctic Policy Panel
Session Chair Part 1: Mead Treadwell. Session
Thursday October 26, 2012 1:30pm-3:00pm, 3:30pm-5:00pm
Wilson Center 6th Floor Auditorium
This two-part panel will bring together local and international Arctic policy experts, politicians, and Inuit leaders
Saturday October 27, 2012 10:15am-12:15pm
The knowledge, information and opinions of Inuit in Canada are valuable contributions to science and policy. Inuit
Qaujisarvingat: The Inuit Knowledge Centre, located within the National Organization of Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, is guided
by its National Committee, and working to ensure that an emphasis is placed on the inclusion of Inuit knowledge in research,
science and policy development in Inuit Nunangat. The goal of this panel is for participating representatives from this
National Committee to articulate their interests, perspectives and processes related to research. This panel is an opportunity
for Inuit to demonstrate their knowledge, expertise, and interests related to research. Bringing together a diversity of voices,
from across Alaska, Canada and Greenland to discuss/debate issues at a time of great industrial, climatic, political and
given its broad representation from Canadian Inuit organizations, this panel will provide an opportunity for conference
Arctic policy efforts under the Arctic Council. Canada is to assume the Arctic Council Chairmanship in 2013 followed by
between scientists, researchers, and Inuit knowledge experts. Ultimately, this panel will highlight ways in which Inuit have
governance change across the circumpolar north. Arctic Council representatives will discuss considerations for future
participants to learn more about Canadian Inuit perspectives and processes related to research, and take part in a dialogue
the US Chairmanship in 2015-2017.
contributed to and influenced the shaping of a new research legacy for Inuit Nunangat, Canada, and the globe.
Speakers (part one):
Duane Smith, Brendan Kelly and additional panelists.
Speakers (part two):
Bill Fitzhugh, Aqqaluk Lynge, Vera Metcalf, Willie Hensley, Nancy Karetak-Lindell.
Theme 4: The ‘New’ Arctic: Social, Cultural and Climate Change and Indigenous
Knowledge
4.1. Industrial Development and Mining Impacts: What Are the Lessons Learned From the Past and How
Can We Build The Future?
Session Chairs: Sylvie Blangy (CNRS, CEFE, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre d’Ecologie
Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, France) and Frank Tester (School of Social Work, University of British Columbia)
Saturday October 27, 2012 10:15am-12:15pm, 1:30pm-3:00pm
Ripley 3037
Papers in this session focus on the social, cultural and environmental implications for Inuit of extractive industries.
How are social, cultural and environmental implications addressed in the process of project approval? What works?
What needs to change? What role has Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit played in hearing and assessment processes to date? Can
extractive industries be reconciled with Inuit as a land-based hunting culture whose norms, practices, beliefs, identity
and social organization has, historically, been tied to the integrity of Arctic landscapes and wildlife populations?
Speakers:
Frank Tester, Drummond Lambert and Tee Lim Off the Page: ‘Making Inuit’ in planning for the Nanisivik mine, Arctic Bay,
Baffin Island, 1970 - 1979
Kathleen Rogers and Willow Scobie The Social License to Operate: Earning the Right to Dig, Via the Corporate Provision of
Social Programs
Alan S. Boraas & Catherine H. Knott Fish, Family, Freedom, and Sacred Water: The Salmon Cultures of the Bristol Bay
Watershed, Alaska
Session &
Speakers
Session &
Speakers
Lim, T.W, Satterfield, TA and F.J. Tester Social Dimensions of Mine Closure: Lessons from Nanisivik, Canada’s First High
Speakers:
Representatives of the National Committee of Inuit Qaujisarvingat: The Inuit Knowledge Centre at Inuit Tapiriit
Kanatami (ITK); Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, The Nunatsiavut Government, Makivik Corporation, Nunavut Tunngavik Inc.,
Inuvialuit Regional Corporation, National Inuit Youth Council, Pauktuutit Inuit Women of Canada, Inuit Circumpolar
Council.
4.3. New Approaches for Linking Science and Indigenous Knowledge: Toward a More Complete Story of
the Arctic System
Session Chair: Martin T. Nweeia (Harvard University)
Friday October 26, 2012 1:30-3:00pm, 3:30pm-5:00pm
Linking scientific results and traditional knowledge can bring a more complete understanding to biologic and
environmental questions in the Arctic. Models and strategies will be presented and shown in this session to
demonstrate how the methods in research have benefited from the insights of integrating traditional knowledge with
scientific data. Perspectives from both indigenous and non-indigenous participants will highlight difficulties and
solutions in bridging these partnerships so that they are constructive and beneficial to all involved. Models of future
study in the Arctic will be articulated within an “integrated knowledge frame” that combines the scientific method with
traditional knowledge.
Speakers:
Henry P. Huntington Expectations, Communication, and Planning in Traditional Knowledge Studies
Ann Fienup-Riordan & Mark John Linking Local and Global: Yup’ik Elders Working Together with One Mind
George Noongwook The Importance of Traditional Knowledge Studies to the People of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska
Martin T. Nweeia Knowledge Hunters and Gatherers
Matthew L. Druckenmiller Monitoring Sea Ice Conditions in Northern Alaska from the Perspectives of Both Iñupiat Whalers
and Geoscientists
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Jayko Alooloo My Father, Myself and the Knowledge We Pass
Glenn Williams New approached for linking Science and Inuit Knowledge: Examples of Scientific Research that linked with Inuit Knowledge
The project ‘Negotiating pathways to adulthood: Social change and indigenous culture in five Arctic communities’
Peter Ewins, Jack Orr and the Mittimatilik HTO Identifying Important Areas for Narwhal Using Inuit and Scientific Knowledge
Even, Alaskan Inupiat, Canadian Inuit and Norwegian Sámi communities. This panel seeks to enable indigenous youth,
Sven Haakanson Anthropology within Heritage Revival
Heather Gordon Trust? Friendliness? Morals? How Do We Define Ethics for Arctic Projects?
Jack Orr New Approaches for Linking Science and Indigenous Knowledge: Toward a More Complete Story of the Arctic System
Scot Nickels Nurturing the Relationship: Linking Scientists, Inuit and their knowledge in the Canadian Arctic
James Simonie TBA
4.4. Piliriqatigiinniq (Working Together): Making the Past Present: Inuit Youth, History, Culture and
New Social Media
Session Chairs: Martha Okotak (Nanisiniq Arviat History Project), Jordan Konek (Nanisiniq Arviat History Project),
Curtis Konek (Nanisiniq Arviat History Project), Amy Owingayak (Nanisiniq Arviat History Project) April Dutheil
School of Social Work, University of British Columbia), Frank Tester (School of Social Work, University of British
Columbia), Paule McNicoll (School of Social Work, University of British Columbia)
Friday October 26, 2012 10:15 am-12:15pm
For perhaps as long as 5000 years Inuit have lived in the Arctic. They have been around the cold Arctic regions and are
going to stay put. The modern world needs Inuit history. Knowing the past is important to making a sustainable future.
The Nanisiniq Arviat History Project explores this relationship, bringing Elders and youth together in working with
Qablunaaq to rediscover and interpret Inuit history and culture. This session explores this working relation and the use of
new social media as a way of bringing Elders and youth together to deal with contemporary issues like climate change.
examines shared and divergent stressors and resilience strategies among young people from Alaskan Yup’ik, Siberian
adults and elders to meet, discuss and articulate commonalities and differences in their own life experiences with
special focus on the transition from adolescence into adulthood. The presentations from adults and young people in
each community will invite descriptions of “growing up” that will highlight aspects of daily life that have changed over
time, and that are similar (or noticeably divergent from) the stories across the Arctic.
Contributing Speakers:
Kristine Nystad, Michael Kral, Lisa Wexler, Stacy Rasmus, Olga Ulturgasheva
4.7. Arctic Change and Knowledge Stewardship
Session Chairs: Peter Pulsifer (National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado) and Noor Johnson (McGill University)
Thursday October 25, 2012 3:30pm-5:00pm Wilson Center 4th Floor Conference Room
Friday October 26, 2012 10:15am-12:15pm,1:30pm-3:00pm,3:30pm-5:00pm Wilson Center 6th Floor Boardroom
Recent observations and monitoring of changing environmental conditions in the Arctic has drawn considerable
attention to the documentation, exchange, interpretation and use of Inuit/Indigenous knowledge and science. This
four part session will consider the breadth of interrelated topics and concerns when dealing with the stewardship
of knowledge in light of climate change, and will highlight several of the latest approaches in community based
monitoring, knowledge exchange, and research and the implications for policy.
Speakers:
Roundtable Speakers: Martha Okotak, Jordan Konek, Curtis Kone, Amy Owingayak, April Dutheil, Frank Tester, Paule McNicoll
Frank Tester Off the Page: ‘Making Inuit’ in planning for the Nanisivik Mine, Arctic Bay, Baffin Island, 1970 - 1979
4.5. Inuit Youth Perspectives: Old and New
and Realities.
Session Chairs: Ned Searles (Bucknell University) Ann Andreasen (Director, Uummannaq Children’s Home and
Daniela Tommasini From Hunting to Tourism and Mining. The Community of Ittoqqortoormiit, East Greenland Among Dreams
Lill Rastad Bjørst Arctic Discourses and Climate Change in Greenland
Director, Uummannaq Polar Institute), Wilfred Richard (Research Collaboratior, Arctic Studies Center and Research
Environmental Technology Graduates of 2013, McEwan, Michelle L. and Jason Carpenter Our Worlds of Change: Phenological
Friday October 26, 2012 3:30pm-5:00pm
Eastern Canadian Arctic (in video and photovoice)
Fellow, Uummannaq Polar Institute), Kunuunnguaq Fleischer (University of Greenland)
Examinations of Oral History and the Emerging Realities of Climate Change Through the Eyes of Youth and Young Adults of the
Vincent L’Hérault and Isabel Lemus-Lauzon Napâttuit: Historical Ecology of a Subarctic Forest Landscape, Nain, Nunatsiavut
From facebook to youtube, from hunting camps to the Children’s Home Uummannaq Greenland, from language use
Zoya A. Martin Increasing Inuit Presence In Fisheries Research: A Collaborative Program Between Arctic College and Fisheries
North. Some topics that this session will address include: 1) the use of new media technologies to generate identity and
Joanna Petrasek MacDonald A Necessary Voice: Climate Change Observations and Perspectives from Inuit Youth in Rigolet,
to personal identity, this session will focus on the perspectives and experiences of Inuit youth across the Circumpolar
community in the North; 2) the challenges and stresses facing Inuit and other Arctic youth today; 3) the intersection of
language use and youth identity in Iqaluit; and 4) the role of the land as a source of healing and personal growth.
Speakers:
Willow Scobie Activists and (Playful) Iconoclasts: ‘Inuitness’ on YouTube
Michael Kral How has Colonialism Affected Inuit? Family and Relatedness as the Center of Social Change
Louis-Jacques Dorais Some Features of Young People Identity in Quaqtaq, Nunavik
Edmund Searles On the Border between Inuit and Qallunaat: Youth Perspectives Old and New
Ann Andreasen and Jean-Michel Huctin Children At-risk and Resilience in Uummannaq, Greenland
4.6. New Arctic, New Adolescence: Outcomes of Social Change on Contemporary Youth Experience and
Resilience Strategies Among Inupiat, Eveny, Yup ’ik, Saami and Inuit
Session Chairs: Olga Ulturgasheva (Scott Polar Research Institute), Stacy Rasmus (Center for Alaska Native Health
Research Institute of Arctic Biology), Lisa Wexler, Michael Kral, Kristine Nystad and Jim Allen
Session &
Speakers
Session &
Speakers
and Oceans Canada Designed to Encourage More Inuit to Choose a Career in Nunavut Fisheries Research
Nunatsiavut, Canada
Jennifer Provencher, Michelle McEwan, Jane Harms, Jason Carpenter and Grant Gilchrist Using Wildlife Monitoring to
Engage Inuit Students in Questions of Ecosystem Health and Human Health
J.Gerin-Lajoie et al Implementing Environmental Monitoring Through Hands-on Learning Activities in Science and Technology
Curriculum for Nunavik High Schools: A Dream Come True
Simone Whitecloud and Lenore Grenoble An Interdisciplinary Approach to Documenting Knowledge: Plants & Their Uses in
Greenland
Stéphanie Steelandt, Caroline Desbiens, Dominique Marguerie, Najat Bhiry, Pierre Desrosiers Inuit Knowledge and
Perception On Environmental Changes, Availability and Exploitation of Wood Resources in the West Coast of Nunavik
Kelsey E. Nyland and Anna E. Klene Iñupiaq Ice Cellar (Si’-uaq) Thermal Regime Monitoring Barrow, Alaska, USA
Jack Orr Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Community Consultation and Cooperative Approaches to Fisheries Management
Davin Holen Traditional Lands: Adaptive Management in a Changing Ecosystem
John Topping and Daniel Wildcat Taking Bold Steps to Slow Climate Change in the Arctic Region
Peter Pulsifer et al. A Multidimensional Approach to Sharing Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge
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Amos Hayes The Nunaliit Atlas Platform for Mapping and Preserving Inuit Knowledge
5.2. Inuit Health: Illness Experience & Healthcare Delivery
the Development of an Open and Free Sensor Network Based Land and Climate Knowledge System of Systems
Peljhan et al. The Arctic Perspective Initiative and Its Transdiciplinary Quest For Data and Traditional Knowledge Fusion Through
Noor Johnson Assessing the State of Community-Based Monitoring for Integration with the Sustained Arctic Observing Network
4.8 ‘Inuit Without Igloos’: Documenting the Arctic Transition
Session Chair: Elspeth Ready (Harvard University)
Thursday October 25, 2012 10:15am-12:15pm, 1:30-3:00pm
During the mid-20th century, Inuit ways of life have changed considerably as Inuit moved from seasonal tents, camps and
igloos to permanent built structures in villages along the coastlines. The nature of this transition and the implications of
this ‘new’ way of life on health, demography, family life, culture and other concerns will be discussed in this session.
Speakers:
Karen Langgård From Nansen’s crossing of the icecap 1888-1889 to Hague Court 1933 - Greenlandic Attitudes to Norwegians
around 1900
Alexander B. Dolitsky An Overview of the Traditional Oral Naratives From Chukotka and Kamchatka
Judithe Denbæk Cultural Translation and Taboo
Elspeth Ready Inuit Without Igloos, Mothers Without Husbands: Sedentism and Demographic Change in Mid-20th Century Nunavik
Patricia Johnston Power and Governance in Nunavut: Social Work as a Barrier to Culturally Relevant Child Welfare Practice
Andrew Stuh The Old “New” Arctic: Historical Perspectives on Re-Discovery Narratives in the North
Kirsten Thisted Branding Greenland: Nation-Branding as a Strategy of Decolonization
April Dutheil Passport to Nowhere: Barriers to Political Participation for Inuit Youth
Theme 5: Inuit Education and Health
5.1. Improving Recruitment and Increasing Graduation R ates of Inuit Teachers
Session Chair: Aurélie Hot (Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue), Glorya Pellerin (Université du Québec
en Abitibi-Témiscamingue), Gisèle Maheux (Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue) and Yvonne da Silveira
(Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue)
Friday October 26, 2012 10:15am-12:15pm, 1:30pm-3:00pm
Ripley Center 3037
Inuit teacher training programs are based on the development of professional skills and they strive towards the
promotion of Inuit language and values. Firmly rooted in several decades of success, instructors in teacher training
programs have nevertheless to address new challenges to increase graduation rates. This session will aim at gathering
individuals involved in Inuit teacher training programs in order to discuss innovative practices and methods that could
potentially increase graduation rates of Inuit teachers. Special emphasis will be placed on complementary modes of
teaching and the relevance and feasibility of their implementation in this bicultural and bilingual context.
Speakers:
Glorya Pellerin and Lucy Qalingo Implementation of a Supportive Approach By Videoconferencing For the Inuit Teachers
NMAI Room 4019
This session welcomes papers and presentations addressing the subjective experience of health and illness in Inuit
communities; Inuit responses to health and illness (traditional and western); the societal, cultural, political, economic
forces as well as environmental circumstances that threaten Inuit health and enhance or diminish the delivery of
healthcare. Empirical and theoretical papers from various disciplines, such as medicine, public health, anthropology,
social work, sociology, psychology, etc. addressing Inuit health and illness in the circumpolar regions are welcome.
Service professionals working on practical public health, clinical, and mental health programs as well as Indigenous/
Inuit contributors are strongly encouraged to participate.
Speakers:
Ashlee Cunsolo Willox and Sherilee Harper, J.D. Ford, Victoria Edge, and the Rigolet Inuit Community Government
Examining the Climatic and Environmental Determinants of Mental Health: A Case Study from Nunatsiavut, Labrador, Canada
Sandra Romain The Intersection of Language Legislation and Health Service Provision for Pharmaceutical Drugs
Vi Waghiyi and Pamela Miller Community-Based Research and Policy Engagement to Protect Health on St. Lawrence Island, AK
E. Emily S. Cowall Puvaluqatatiluta When We had Tuberculosis: The Study of Tuberculosis among the Inuit in the Cumberland
Sound Region of Baffin Island, 1930-1972
Penelope S. Easton Impact of Governmental Agencies on Loss of Native Food Culture in Territorial Alaska, 1948-1950
5.3. Educational Change in Nunavut: Residential Schools History and Curriculum Development
Session Chair: Heather E. McGregor (Department of Curriculum and Pedagogy, University of British Columbia)
This presentation examines the documentation of Inuit residential school history and memory for a new high school
social studies module through the perspectives of: a survivor and leader, a bilingual curriculum development
consultant, an historian, and a government education executive. This curriculum initiative illustrates how made-
in-Nunavut educational philosophy and direction affect program development; how partnerships with community
members across and outside the Arctic are bolstering educational programming; and, how documenting Inuit
histories may contribute to turning painful legacies into learning opportunities for students that are relevant to their
communities and contribute to envisioning a more hopeful future.
Speakers:
Piita Irniq Mending the Past: Memory and the Politics of Forgiveness
Elizabeth Fowler Developing History Curriculum Bilingually, Locally and from Inuit Perspectives
Catherine McGregor Curriculum Change in Nunavut: Connecting the Past and Future
Heather E. McGregor Inuit Residential Schools Experience: Histories, Memories, Education
5.4. Reproductive Health in the Arctic: Past, Present and Future
Training: An Inspiring Experimentation
Session Chairs: Ruth Montgomery-Andersen (Ilisimatusarfik, University of Greenland) and Elizabeth Rink (Montana
Situations in Nunavik Bicultural and Trilingual Context
Paul Berger Emma Pauloosie, Jennifer Kadjuk, Karen Inootik and Rebecca Jones Inuit Teacher Recruitment in Nunavut
Reproductive traditions, the culture of birth and birth setting are an important part of a community’s identity.
Dominique Riel-Roberge and Gisèle Maheux Primary School Qallunaat Teacher’s Representations of their Professional
Session &
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Session &
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Session Chair: Andrew Hund (Independent Researcher)
State University)
Eliana Manrique Kativik/McGill Teacher Training Program
Tiili Alasuak, Elisapi Uitangak and Vèronique Paul The Challenges Faced in the Area of Language in Teachers Training
Reproductive and sexual decisions have an effect on the lives and culture of the people in these communities. This
session will present concepts and knowledge of reproductive and sexual health with focus on the Inuit Peoples. The
session invites researchers and research communities to present on ethical issues, historical overviews, innovative
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research projects and best practices related to reproductive and sexual health. It seeks to present frameworks and case
Tatiana Garakani Adapting Research Tools and Methods to Enhance Participation in Action-Research on Resilience and School
Speakers:
Elizaveta A. Dobrieva & Valentina G. Leonova Attitudes Toward Native Languages Among Indigenous Peoples of Chukotka:
studies as well as project designs, implementation and evaluation of culturally relevant research projects.
Elizabeth Rink “Inuulluataarneq”- A Community-based Participatory Research Project
Augustine Rosing Community Outreach Workers as the key to Successful Research in Greenland
Ruth Montgomery-Andersen Caring and Learning for Our Own: Midwifery in Nunavik
Brenda Epoo Caring and Learning for Our Own: Midwifery in Nunavik
Session Chair: Gerlis Fugmann (University of Saskatchewan, Canada) and Jennifer Provencher (Carlton University,
Canada)
Woodrow Wilson Center 6th Floor Auditorium
The interest in doing social sciences research in the Arctic has grown. More and more young people are deciding to pursue
Current Status and Practical Activities
5.7. Food Security Across the North
Session Chairs: Miriam T. Harder & George Wenzel
Food security and health among Inuit communities is contingent upon a variety of factors including environmental
conditions, climate, food access, hunting and harvesting activities, gender, income and food sharing systems. This
session will explore these and related factors in a discussion on the status of food security across the north.
Speakers:
Miriam T. Harder & George Wenzel Resource Sharing in an Inuit Ilagiit: Social Relations and Food Security in Clyde River,
a Masters or PhD degree in a social sciences field but are wondering about their research career afterwards. What are the
Nunavut
Arctic research? Are there also non-academic jobs that they qualify for where they can continue to be linked to research in
Health Care in the Arctic
Scientists with various backgrounds and occupations that will share some of the experiences that they made during their
Pregnancy, Nutrition, and Health in the Baffin Region of Nunavut
next steps they should take? What potential types of jobs are there? Do they have to stay in academia to be involved in
the Arctic? How to balance your research career with your private / family life? This panel brings together Arctic Social
career and pass along some of the advice and lessons learned to the next generation of Arctic Social Scientists.
Speakers: This Panel Will Feature 4 – 5 senior mentors from various backgrounds in the field of Arctic social sciences
5.6 Inuit Education and Curriculum Development
Session Chair: Diane Hirshberg
Thursday October 25, 2012 10:15am-12:15pm, 1:30-3:00pm, 3:30pm-5:00pm
Across the north Inuit education and curriculum development has become an increasingly important piece of Inuit
self-governance, learning and educational attainment among Inuit youth. This session will consider the history of
educational systems in the north, discuss the progress and challenges, as well as feature innovative approaches
emerging that address Inuit education and curriculum development across Canada, Greenland, Alaska.
Speakers:
Diane Hirshberg and Alexandra Hill Self-Determination in Inuit Formal Schooling: A Comparative Circumpolar Investigation
Helle Møller Acting as an Inuk Based on a Southern Understanding: The Implications of Cross Cultural Health Education and
Michelle Doucette Issaluk and Audrey R. Giles The Determinants of Food Security for Inuit Women: Understanding
Theme 6: Inuit Languages and Literature
6.1 Topics in Inuit Literature: Inuit Methodologies: Indigenous Knowledge & Academic Practice (Part 1)
and Producing Inuit Literature (Part 2)
Session Chair: Keavy Martin (University of Alberta, Canada)
Thursday October 25, 2012 10:15am-12:15pm, 1:30pm-3:00pm
NMAI Room 4018
When Knud Rasmussen collected Inuit songs throughout Arctic Canada in the 1920s, he referred to the singers whom he
encountered as “poets,” and to their compositions as “poetry.” Thus acknowledging the artistic value of these songs, he
provided future enthusiasts of ethnopoetics—the study of Indigenous or non-Western poetry—with a sizeable corpus of
Inuit texts. Yet more recent poetic works by Inuit artists have not taken the usual form of lyrical compositions published
in chapbooks and in anthologies. Contemporary Inuit verbal performance, however, is thriving, as spoken-word artists
like Taqralik Partridge and Mosha Folger, along with musicians like Lucie Idlout, Elisapie Isaac, and Beatrice Deer,
Karl Kristian Olsen and Aviâja Egede Lynge Reforming Education in Greenland as a Decolonizational Process
continue to entertain audiences across the Arctic—and in the south as well.
Elizabeth Skiles Parady Curriculum Alignment Integration and Mapping - A North Slope Experience: the Policy and Process of
Norma Dunning A Disc-less Inuk
Conor Cook, Harriet Andersen, Toni White and Suzanna Jararuse Creating a Pedagogical Grammar of Labrador Inuttitut:
Daniel Chartier Does Inuit Literature Call For a Specific Literary History? The Case of Nunavik Literature
Pausauraq Harcharek Iñupiat Self Determination in Education
Integrating Culture, History and Language with Alaska Standards
Is It Useful For Learners?
Jodie Lane Preparation is Key: The Evolution of a Successful Post Secondary Student
Suna Christensen Living Lands: Education and Growth
Speakers:
Susan Enuaraq Is Inuit Oral History Credible?
Keavy Martin How Do You Say ‘Poetry’ in Inuktitut?”
Bernadette Miqqusaaq Dean and Sheree Fitch Somebody’s Daughter: Using Poetry & Prose & Sinew in a Land-Based Literacy Program Marianne Stenbaek and Minnie Grey Written Treasures of Nunavimmiut
Lars Poort Science Education in the Greenlandic Public School
Laura Beebe Aqpik, Kikmiññaq and Paunġaq: Berries as a Vessel for Language and Literacy
in Nunatsiavut, Labrador
6.2. Session in Honor of Michael Fortescue
Kathy Sauvageau Culture, Pedagogy and Communication: How Do Qallunaat Teachers Adapt to the Cultural Context in the
Anna Berge (Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks)
White et al. Sivuppialautta (Let’s Move Forward): A case of putting theory into practice & moving toward revitalization of Inuttitut
Natalya Radunovich Qurangaawen New Russian-Yupik Dictionary as a Cultural Encyclopedia
Nunavik Classroom?
Session &
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Speakers
5.5. Shaping your Career in Arctic Social Sciences
Success of Inuit Students in Nunavik, Canada
Session Chair: Lawrence Kaplan (Director of the Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks) and
Friday October 26, 2012 1:30pm-3:00pm, 3:30-5:00pm
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NMAI Room 4018
Michael Fortescue has recently retired after a more than 30-year career as a scholar of the Inuit language. In honor of his
This session includes papers from scholars and artists that address new sources, methods and critical strategies for
influenced by him.
biographies of objects, transformations in styles and materials, or the significance of human-animal relationships
great contributions to the field, this session will include an overview of his work, and papers by scholars who have been
to iconographic themes. The panel will also consider how visual forms are enmeshed with oral and kinetic modes
Speakers:
Evgeny Golovko Before and after Knut Bergsland: Bergsland’s Impact to Eskimo-Aleut Research
of expression, the impact of multi-vocal museum practices on understanding material culture, and the import of
Kumiko, Marasugi Word-Final Consonant Deletion in Inuktitut Speakers
antecedent forms and imagery for contemporary artists. The panel welcomes examples from all regions of the Arctic.
Naja Blytmann Trondhjem The Continuative Aspect in West Greenlandic
Mikhail Bronshtein Keeping the Art, Preserving the Identity: Uelen Ivory Carving Workshop, Past and Present
Mirina Skerkina-Lieber Why Some Inuit Understand Inuktitut, But Do Not Speak It
Speakers:
Anna Berge and Lawrence Kaplan Divine Inspiration: The Creation of Religious Terminology Across the Eskimo-Aleut Arctic
Arnaq Grove Resiliency and Language Changes in the Arctic, Focus on Central West Greenlandic
Flemming A.J. Nielsen Religious Language in Inuit Christianity
Tekke Terpstra Maintaining Inuktitut and Kalaallisut In Southern Canada and Denmark? The Role of Inuit Language For Inuit
Identity Outside the Arctic
Carol Payne Collaborative Media: Photography, Visual Repatriation the Web and Inuit Cultural Consolidation
Amy E. Chan Ivory Drill Bows Animate Stories of Carving and Collecting in Norton Sound, Alaska
Ian MacRae Beyond the Shamanistic Principle: Interpreting Dorset Carving Today
7.2 A Collaborative Vision: Inuit Art, Media, and Museum Collections
Session Chair: Bernadette Driscoll Engelstad (Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian) and Darlene Wight (Winnipeg Art Gallery)
Alana Johns Anaphoric Agreement in Eastern Inuttitut
6.3 Inuit Culture in Art and Literature
Session Chair: Birgitt Kleist Pedersen
The concepts of cooperation and collaboration provide a solid foundation in the history of contemporary Inuit art. In
Friday October 26, 2012 3:30-5:00pm
addition to community-based art cooperatives and the collaboration between graphic artist and print-maker, there
NMAI 4018
continues to be a strong emphasis on collaboration in terms of art production, curatorial research, and exhibit planning
As social, cultural and political change have taken place across the Arctic, Inuit and Inupiat have merged traditional and
as well as an increasing number of arrangements between northern cooperatives and commercial galleries; private
history accounts.
exhibitions, media publications, and research. Speakers on this panel are invited to discuss collaborative projects and
contemporary cultures. This session explores how these changes are integraged and reflected in art, literature and oral
collectors, museums, and universities; and government, corporate, and private funding in support of international
initiatives, spanning a broad spectrum of topics within the context of contemporary Inuit art.
Speakers:
Speakers:
Ivalu Mathiassen Global Homogeneity-Heterogeneity in a Greenlandic Context
Darlene Wight Curatorial Research: A Collaborative Process
Birgitt Kleist Pedersen The Nation
Wanni W. Anderson An Oral History and Archaeology Triangulation: A 200-Year-Old Site in Northwest Alaska
Leslie Boyd Ryan New Forms of Cooperation and Collaboration in Cape Dorset The Kinngait Studios in 2012
Douglas D. Anderson Inupiat Lifeways on the Eve of European Contact: An Account of Archaeological Excavations in the Kobuk
Bill Ritchie Holding Down Shadows: The Disconnect Between Practice and Discourse in Contemporary Inuit Art
Charles Marrow Immersive Sound As a Tool for the Preservation of Experience
Judith Burch Culture on Cloth: Baker Lake Wall Hangings
6.4. Inuit Literature and Poetry: The Greenland Story
7.3 Rediscovering the Far Fur Country: Inuit Moving Pictures in the Years Before Nanook of the North
River Valley, Alaska as Supplemented by Oral Historic Accounts
Session Chair: Aqqaluk Lynge
Saturday October 27, 2012 1:30pm-3:00pm NMAI 4018
Susan A. Kaplan In a State of Transformation: Inuit Art and The o Peary-MacMillan Arctic Museum
Session Chair: Peter Geller, Kevin Nikkel and Maureen Dolyniuk (Canada)
Saturday October 27, 2012 10:15am-12:15 pm
This session will discuss Greenland’s literature in an historical and contemporary context and will include poetry
The Romance of the Far Fur Country, a film produced for the Hudson’s Bay Company’s 250th anniversary of incorporation in 1920,
Speakers:
(Lake Harbour) in the summer of 1919. Images of life around the HBC post were woven together into Life Story of an Eskimo,
Tupaarnaq Rosing Olsen Our History of Greenland
well-known documentary film on the Inuit. This silent film footage and related film materials were recently returned to the
readings and discussion.
Aqqaluk Lynge Greenland: A Bilingual Country
is an extraordinary visual record of northern Canada. Some of the most remarkable sequences of the film were shot in Kimmirut
complete with inter-titles in Inuktitut syllabics, pre-dating by several years the release of Nanook of the North, certainly the most
Katti Frederiksen Who And How is a Young Greenlander Today in Greenland?
Hudson’s Bay Company Archives in Winnipeg, Canada from the British Film Institute in London. The return of the footage and
Theme 7: Inuit Arts, Visual Anthropology, Film and Media
archival moving images to the communities of origin. The session will include a screening of selections from the film.
7.1. Drawing upon the Past: Ancient and Historic Arts of the Arctic
Session Chair: Amy E. Chan (Anthropology Department, Smithsonian)
Friday October 26, 2012 10:15am -12:15pm
Session &
Speakers
Session &
Speakers
discussing cultural heritage objects and contemporary art from the Circumpolar North. Topics will address the social
the reconstruction of the original film and its transfer to digital format is providing the impetus for a larger project to connect these
Speakers:
Maureen Dolyniuk From the Shadows into the Spotlight: a Unique Visual Record of Canada’s North is Returned to Canada
Kevin Nikkel Filmmakers and the Far Fur Country: Contrasting The Journeys North in 1919 and 2012
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Peter Geller Life Story of an Eskimo: Representing the Inuit in The Romance of the Far Fur Country
Yaoliang Song Face Petroglyph Motifs in Prehistoric Northwestern North America
7.4 Poverty and Patronage: A Dialogue Towards Increasing Support for Inuit Artists
Rob Lukens The Inuit in American Society: Exploration, the Press, and Popular Science, 1890-1930
Session Chair: Christine Lalonde, (National Gallery of Canada/Musée des beaux-arts du Canada)
Saturday October 27, 2012, 10:15am-12:15pm, 1:30-3:00pm
NMAI Room 4019
In addition to their cultural significance, artworks by Inuit are a key element of the northern economy. The discrepancy
Florence Duchemin-Pelletier Changes in Contemporary Inuit Art: French Collectors Would Rather Learn Their Lesson from the Past
7.7 Inuit Artists Roundtable
Session Chair: Abraham Anghik Ruben
between the commercial success of Inuit art at large and the often dire conditions of the artists has long been a concern.
enough to ensure long-term stability. Still further, dependency on the market alone does not usually encourage
This roundtable session will bring together Inuit Artists from across the north to share experiences, concerns and
While artists have gained significant income from arts & crafts production, the market is not predictable nor consistent
experimentation which is crucial to keeping any artform vital. The two sessions will consider whether other forms
of funding can help close the gap as well as offer opportunities for artistic growth. The first part of each session will
NMAI 4019
debates pertaining to Inuit Art and Artists.
Speakers:
have speakers provide information and updates on the current challenges for artists, existing funding programs and
Abraham Anghik Ruben, Bernadette Dean, Mattiusi Iyaituk, Chuna McIntyre and additional invited speakers
currently met and explore solutions and collective strategies towards increasing public, corporate, and private patronage
Theme 8: Perceptions of the Past, A More Inclusive Archaeology
successful/unsuccessful case studies. The second part will be an open dialogue with the goal to identify needs not
for Inuit artists as well as arts, culture, and heritage organizations in the North.
Session Contributors:
Abraham Anghik Ruben, Rowena House, Sammy J Kudluk, David Lough, Doug Stenton, Leslie Boyd Ryan, Patricia
Feheley, Kyra Fisher, Mattiusi Iyaituk, Trina Landlord and Sheila Butler
7.5 Inuit Art: Contemporary Issues
Session Chair: Norman Vorano (Canadian Museum of Civilization)
Thursday October 25, 2012 1:30-3:00pm
NMAI Room 4019
Over the last decade, Inuit artists, dealers and art-world players have been creatively responding to—or in some cases
instigating—seismic changes in the Inuit art world: unprecedented levels of international exposure in the contemporary
art world/market; digital and web access to collections; the entangled discourses of “contemporary art” and “ethnic
arts”; new institutional patrons/partners; the inclusion of Inuit art in university art history curricula; alternative models
of distribution and the future of the cooperative system; the maturation of drawing markets, rise of new media, and
the exploration of new thematic frontiers by younger and established artists alike. By assessing these and other critical
topics, this panel attempts to discuss the present and future of Inuit art.
Speakers:
Heather Igloliorte The Emergence of Labradorimiut Art
Anna Hudson New Frontiers of Inuit Performance
Mattiusi Iyaituk The Contemporary Art Forms
Norman Vorano Quiet Complications: Masculinity in Contemporary Inuit Art
Bob Kardosh Contemporary Inuit Art Issues
7.6 Arctic Art, Film and Expression
Session Chair: Florence Duchemin-Pelletier
Thursday October 25, 2012, 3:30pm-5:00pm
Arctic arts of various formats have received greater accolades and understanding in recent decades. Representations of Arctic
indigenous voices expressed in art, films, print and collections in the past, present and future will be discussed in this session.
Speakers:
Alysa Procida Arctic Conversations: Integrating Inuit Voices in the Museum of Inuit Art
Session &
Speakers
Session &
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Chuna McIntyre Alaska’s Yup’ik Cultural Heritage | Parka Ethos: The enduring tradition of Yup’ik adornment symbolism
8.1 Thirty Years After: Revisiting The Southern Labrador Inuit Debate
Session Chairs: William Fitzhugh (Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian)
Friday October 26, 2012 10:15am-12:15pm, 1:30pm-3:00pm
In 1980 Etudes/Inuiit/Studies published a seminal volume on the southern Labrador Inuit the featured a debate about the timing,
nature, and extent of Inuit penetration into southern Labrador and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The proposed session reviews that
controversy in the light of new archaeological, ethnographic, climatic, and historical data. While new archaeological data resolves
in the affirmative the question of whether permanent Inuit settlement took place in southern Labrador and the northeastern Gulf,
many other issues remain, including the nature of European contacts, the precise dates/periods and lengths of Inuit occupancy,
the influence of climate on these movements, and the cultural exchanges that occurred as a result.
Speakers:
Beatrix Arendt and Stephen Loring Between A Rock and a Hard Place: Negotiating Culture Contact Between the Labrador Inuit
and European Entrepreneurs in the 16th-18th Centuries
Jim Woollett Susan Crate Perspectives on and Adaptations to Changing Seasonality in Labrador, Canada and Northeast Siberia, Russia
Lisa K. Rankin The Dynamics of Inuit-European Trade as seen from Sandwich Bay, Labrador
Andrew Collins Putting the Pieces Together: Labrador Inuit Acquisition, Use, Reuse, and Distribution of European Ceramics
During the Labrador Communal Sod House Phase
William Fitzhugh
Amelia Fay The One Percent: Exploring the Haves and Have Nots of the Inuit Coastal Trade Network during the 18th Century, Labrador
Michelle Davies Activities and Agency of Inuit Women in the Communal House Phase of 18th Century Labrador
Brian Pritchard Colonialism in South-Central Labrador: Experiences of the Snook’s Cove Inuit
Eliza Brandy Inuit Identities and Animal Use Patterns in 19th Century Labrador
Amanda Crompton Settling in Southern Labrador: New Perspectives on the French 18th Century Experience
8.2 Paleoeskimo Problems: Large Scale Patterns and Changes
Session Chairs: Bjarne Grønnow (SILA – Arctic Centre at the Ethnographic Collections, The National Museum of
Denmark) and Ulla Odgaard (SILA – Arctic Centre at the Ethnographic Collections, The National Museum of Denmark)
Thursday October 25, 2012 10:15am-12:15pm, 1:30pm-3:00pm, 3:30pm-5:00pm
The session presents and discusses the latest knowledge and interpretations concerning the earliest hunting societies of Eastern
Arctic. The session targets research topics, which are currently as much debated as they were four decades ago, when the
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mile-stone symposium ‘Eastern Arctic Prehistory: Paleoeskimo Problems’, was held headed by Moreau Maxwell. Since then,
new generations of archaeologists have produced comprehensive empirical data, and new methods and approaches have been
applied. The topics are: 1) Large scale patterns and changes concerning technology, settlement, and subsistence, 2) Origins and
spread of Paleoeskimo cultures, and 3) Symbolic representations and cognitive approaches to Paleoeskimo prehistory.
Speakers:
Ulla Odgaard Mounds, Myths and Houses. Palaeo-Eskimo Structures in the Igloolik Area
Martin Appelt ‘Old Perspectives’ on Palaeo-Eskimo Archaeology in Northern Foxe Basin
Mikkel Sørensen Palaeo-Eskimo Life in High Arctic Greenland: Recent Approaches and New Results
S. Brooke Milne et al. Sourcing the Stone: A Geochemical Analysis of Palaeo-Eskimo Technological Organization on Southern Baffin Island, Nunavut
Claire Houmard The Sites From the Igloolik Region: Evidence of the Palaeo-Eskimo Continuum
P.J. Wells & M.A.P. Renouf A Technological Approach to Symbolic Representation: Material Culture at Phillip’s Garden, Northwestern Newfoundland.
Abstract List
Session &
Speakers
Sergei Slobodin Siberian Neolithic Ancestors of the Paleoeskimo Cultures of North America
Bjarne Grønnow & Jens Fog Jensen Arctic Pioneers and Materiality: Studies of Long Term Trends in Saqqaq Material Culture, 2.500 BC - 800 BC
Lesley Howse Comparative Analysis of Dorset and Inuit Archaeofaunas at the Bell Site, Victoria Island
Mari Hardenberg Dorset Artistic Expression as a means of Power and Status?
John Darwent Late Paleoeskimo Logistics: The Late Dorset use of Inglefield Land, Northwestern Greenland
Genevieve Lemoine Plenum Discussion
Julie M. Ross Paleoeskimo Habitation Density Across Time and Space: Does Climate Matter? American Arctic Prehistory.
Allison Young McLain Unangax: Art and Magic
Gilbert Qu The Prototype of the Eskimo Art in Chinese Neolithic: An Comparative Study on Theriomorphic Designs between the
Old Bering Sea culture in the Bering Strait and the Liangzhu Culture in the Chinese Pacific Coast
Justin Tackney et al. Ancient Genetic Diversity of the Thule at Nuvuk, Point Barrow, Alaska
Yaoling Song Face Petroglyph Motifs in Prehistoric Northwestern North America
8.3. Early History: New Approaches
Session Chair: Allison Young McLain
NMAI Room 4018
The vast Arctic has long been a place of exploration, discovery and mystery. Across the world, Arctic archaeology is
being met with will the latest approaches undertaken to shed new light on the early histories of the Arctic. This session
will discuss innovative technologies, strategies and new discoveries and meaning in Arctic archaeology.
Speakers:
Raff et al. Mitochondrial and Y-chromosome diversity in Iñupiat populations of the Alaskan North Slope: Implications for North
8.4. Colonial/Post Colonial Encounters: The Arctic Experience
Session Chair: Anne S. Douglas
Friday October 26, 2012 1:30-3:00pm
NMAI Room 4018
Inuit people across the North were invariably shaped by early colonial encounters. The implications for these encounters,
cultural exchanges and interactions continue to be examined and understood in present day Arctic existenceby social
scientists, Inuit activists and intellectuals, and Inuit people, young and old. This session will examine the many
manifestations of these encounters and experiences across the Arctic.
Speakers:
Claire Mclisky Parallel Worlds, Poles Apart?: Representations Of Early Protestant Missions in Greenland and Australia in Comparative Perspective
Gordon L. Pullar The Influence of Richard Henry Pratt And Sheldon Jackson and the Long Term Impacts of Industrial Schools on
Alaska Natives
Abstract List
Paule McNicoll Breaking the Colonial Cycle in Inuit-Qallunaat Collaboration
Anne. S. Douglas ‘We Have Changed alot Since We Were Young’: The Inevitable Fragmentation of Inuit Personhood
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Alasuak, Tiili; Uitangak, Elisapi and Paul, Véronique
Ikaarvik School, Tiili.alasuak@kativik.qc.ca, Elisapi.uitangak@kativik.qc.ca, Canada
mapping of its population dispersal and resettlement in other villages and cities. Quite importantly, it has brought to
The Challenges Faced in the Area of Language in Teachers’ Training
the middle of the Kobuk River named the ?Amilgaqtuayaaq? group or the ?Amilgaqtuayaaqmiut.? The critical role of oral
traditionally. Therefore, for Inuit speakers, it is always a challenge to be accurate when learning new concepts in a second
Andreasen, Ann
Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscaminque (UQAT), Veronique.paul2@uqat.ca, Canada
The terminology used in universities in general and education specifically was non-existent in the Inuktitut language
language. Since the beginning of the teachers’ training in the early 1980s, a co-teacher has always been necessary in all
courses. Not all the teachers were able to understand the second language because most of them had less than seven years
light the presence of a previously overlooked major Inupiaq cultural group with a vast, powerful territorial influence in
historical research to historical archeology research is here demonstrated and emphasized.
The Children’s Home in Uummannaq, anneandrea24@yahoo.dk, Greenland
of schooling. Moreover, the lexical work group is a big need and significant efforts are required. Today, the challenges are
Børnehjemmet: the “Children’s Home” in Uummannaq, Northwest Greenland
culture. It is our aim to maintain and implement creative solutions to develop our language, our culture, and our schools.
for full-time residence for children and young people from throughout Greenland who have been adversely affected by
Alooloo, Jayko
drugs, alcohol, or criminal behavior. At Børnehjemmet children are taught through a pedagogic ‘resilience’ model in
quite different, younger teachers have had secondary-level education and a lesser knowledge of inuktitut language or inuit
For over twenty years, Børnehjemmet (“Children’s Home”) in Uummannaq, Northwest Greenland, has provided a place
social change and who have been removed from situations of family break down and social distress caused by abuse,
Inuit Elder, htopond@qiniq.com, Canada
which comprehensive care and traditional culture help provide a healing environment. Its young charges learn through
Cornelius Nutarak was well known as an elder who had recorded many observations of nature, our traditional clothing,
strengths, including reliance on Greenlandic language which is an important tool for teaching traditional ways. Balance
My Father, Myself, and the Knowledge We Pass
a balance of traditional Inuit culture and western culture. The learning focus is on Greenland’s social and cultural
equipment and hunting materials. His notes have been used in many studies reported by scientists, and his legacy to
is maintained through foreign language instruction, western arts (including music and art), math, and science, and
our community and to me was his recorded knowledge. Seven boxes of notes have been saved and examined for a better
through foreign travel in Europe and North America. Børnehjemmet is assisted by the Uummannaq Polar Institute,
understanding of Inuit life in our community of Mittimatalik. This knowledge can be used to share his insights and
which works as a partner in providing a conduit for outside educators, researchers, scientists, and artists to address
these kinds of studies
Andreasen, Ann and Huctin, Jean-Michel
understanding of our lives. Some scientists have used this knowledge in their work, and his notes continue to be used in
Anderson, Douglas, D
Department of Anthropology, Brown University
Inupiat Lifeways on The Eve of European Contact: An Account of Archaeological Excavations in the Kobuk River
Valley, Alaska as Supplemented by Oral Historic Accounts
Archaeological research at the large late 18th or early 19th century village site of Igliqtiqsiugvigruaq in the lower Kobuk
environmental change and its cultural impacts as well as to design proactive strategies and program implementation.
The Children’s Home in Uummannaq, anneandrea24@yahoo.dk, Greenland
Children At-Risk and Resilience in Uummannaq, Greenland
Ann Andreasen has worked in program management and education development with young people in Greenland for
over a quarter century. In Uummannaq, an Inuit community on the West coast of the country, Ms. Andreasen manages
a Children’s Home, Meeqqat Angerlarsimaffiat, which provides full-time residence and education for children and
Valley, northwest Alaska reveals evidence of life at the time just prior to the first appearance of European explorers along
young people facing family breakdown, parental neglect, sexual abuse, drugs, alcohol, and criminal behavior. These are
about the presence of a powerful shaman who was both feared and counted on in times of trouble, about skirmishes
associated with outside influences.
the adjacent coast of Kotzebue Sound. The site is featured in several oral historic accounts still told by present-day elders
with neighboring Inupiat and Indian groups, and about an episode of hunger that caused the village to be abandoned.
The results of the excavations, aided by the oral historic research, are compatible with several of these stories, though it
is not yet clear which of the scenarios best accounts for the archaeological findings. An added complication is that in one
of the houses excavated, two human skulls were encountered. Since at least two individuals are represented, something
unusual must have occurred at the site, though whether the result of starvation, or as victims of warfare or disease, or
by some other factor, is not known. Given the desires of the living descendants of the village to find out what happened
there, we plan full excavation and study of the human remains for the next stage of research.
Anderson, Wanni, W
Department of Anthropology, Brown University
An Oral History and Archaeology Triangulation: A 200-year- old Site in Northwest Alaska
Greenlanders coming from families whose problems can be explained by a complexity of individual and social change
Jean-Michel Huctin has worked closely with Ann Andreasen for 15 years. Through findings of doctoral fieldwork
in anthropology of the Uummannaq Children’s Home, he documents the social well being gained by its program
participants. Youth education when practiced with a holistic, culturally relevant approach helps foster stronger personal
growth and communities.
In the Home’s comprehensive program, young people learn resilience through a wide range of experiences in which care
and culture are the main factors of a healing environment. Focus is on Greenland’s social strengths rather than on its
weaknesses. A balance of Inuit culture (outdoor life, hunting, dogsled expeditions) is maintained with western culture
(music, arts, filmmaking and foreign travel). A touchstone of the Home’s philosophy is to nurture individual health with
cultural revitalization in a way that brings together pride in a valiant past, improved self-esteem in the present, and
hopeful opportunities to build a good future.
This paper presents the results of an oral historical research of the abandoned 200-year-old Igliqtiqsiugviruaq village site as
Working under direction of the Children’s Home is the recently created Uummannaq Polar Institute (UPI), which
carried out there. Fascinating findings have been obtained through interviews of the elders of Kiana (the village closest to
community. UPI’s goal is to broaden the educational horizon of its entrusted youth with stimulating activities, as well as
a research process and as a complimentary research component to the archeological excavations that Douglas D. Anderson
the site) and the investigation of documentary data, combined with the analysis of local legends, regarded in the Inupiaq
Abstract List
Abstract List
structures of the community. Other aspects the study help to link the historic past to the present through the demographic
involves outside educators, researchers, scientists, and artists who work with young people that live in a remote Arctic
to promote Inuit culture to the outside world.
culture as Native historical knowledge (nuunaaqqiurat ilitqusrat). The findings have assisted to flesh out an understanding
of the site as a living community, put real faces on its residents, and shed more light on the past social and political
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Anichenko, Jenya
Appelt, Martin
Anchorage Museum and the Center for Maritime Archaeology, University of Southampton janichenko@anchoragemuseum.org, USA
SILA - Arctic Centre at the Ethnographic Collections, National Museum of Denmark, martin.appelt@natmus.dk, Denmark
Umiak Story: From a Chukchi Sea Village to the Archaeological Record and Back
In 1953 while excavating the Pi’niq (Birnirk) site near Point Barrow, Alaska, Wilbert Carter came across a set of wooden
artifacts. Indiscriminately labeled as ‘boat parts’ or ‘umiak and kayak fragments’, these artifacts were collected and preserved
as a part of what is now known as the Birnirk collection. The close examination of these fragments reveals that they are parts
of a single umiak frame assemblage, which is seemingly different from both contemporary Barrow umiaks and ethnographic
evidence pertaining to Chukchi Sea boat building tradition. Skin boat assemblages are rare in circumpolar archaeological
Ever since Jørgen Meldgaard’s archaeological investigations in northern Foxe Basin, in the 1950s and 1960s, the area has
figured prominently in our understanding of the eastern Arctic palaeo-Eskimo societies and not the least the chrono-
typologies of the palaeo-Eskimos. Meldgaard’s own views clearly sprung from the particular settings of the sites he
investigated, i.e. the horizontal strategraphies in northern Foxe Basin. With point of departure in the chronologies of the
raised beach-ridges he came to perceive the artifactual material as developing by some slow “directional evolutional”
records. Even more unique is the situation when such an archaeological record comes from a community still engaged in skin
force. He thus emphasized an overall continuity in northern Foxe Basin, with the exception of the Saqqaq (pre-Dorset)/
archaeological analysis and the intellectual and cultural response of the Iñupiaq community of Barrow, Alaska.
presenting some of Meldgaard’s hitherto unpublished material.
Aporta, Claudio and Bravo, Michael
Arendt, Beatrix and Loring, Stephen
boat building. This talk presents the Birnirk umiak finds in the synergetic context of two overlapping traditions: scientific
Carleton University, claudio_aporta@carleton.ca, Canada; Scott Polar Research Institute, mb124@cam.ac.uk, UK
Revisiting Arctic Occupation: An Overview Of The Project “The Northwest Passage And The
Construction Of Inuit Pan-Arctic Identities”
This presentation will offer some preliminary results of the project “Inuit perceptions of the Northwest Passage.” The project’s
main goal is to document Inuit traditional trails across the Canadian Arctic, using both ethnographic and historical (oral and
written) records. The project is also investigating the nature and variety Inuit trails, their connection with different scales
of territorial perception, and their role in connecting people with people, and people with resources. This presentation will
describe and analyze the features and characteristics of a network of trails connecting the totality of the Inuit Canadian Arctic,
and it will reflect upon the historical significance of summer and winter routes in the formation of Inuit identities.
Aporta, Claudio
Carleton University, claudio_aporta@carleton.ca, Canada
The Power Of Maps: Iluop As A Landmark In Land Use Studies
Inuit did not, traditionally, use maps to find their way on the land, or to document or represent their geographic and
environmental knowledge. However, their individual and social memory of place and space (what Mark Nuttall has
termed “memoryscape”) is filled with a monumental body of environmental and geographic knowledge, which has
allowed Inuit to develop their unique relationship with the Arctic landscape over centuries of occupation. The first known
written maps produced with participation of Inuit in the Canadian Arctic were related to colonial encounters, and they
were the result of both a clash and a dialogue between two cultures and two geographic ontologies. With time, maps
Dorset transition. The present paper will discuss Meldgaard’s perception of the northern Foxe Basin material, besides
John Milner Associates, Inc., barendt@johnmilnerassociates.com, USA
Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian Institution, lorings@si.edu, USA
Between a Rock And a Hard Place: Negotiating Culture Contact Between the Labrador Inuit and
European Entrepreneurs in the 16th -18th centuries
With the discovery of the extraordinary marine resources of the western North Atlantic, 16th century European
whalers and fishermen – particularly the French, Basque, and English –quickly established a foothold in Newfoundland,
southern Labrador, and the Quebec North shore. Prior to the arrival of German Moravian missionaries in the 1770s, the
primary source of desired European products and manufactured raw materials for Labrador Inuit resulted from contact
with these European fishermen and traders. While the opportunity for Inuit to meet Europeans could lead to bountiful
trade, the potential for harm or even capture and enslavement was ever present. As a result of the continued threat of
aggression, Inuit pursued a variety of strategies toward accumulating desired materials. One possible alternative to
direct trade is an indirect measure where Inuit visited seasonally abandoned European sites to collect and scavenge
discarded or cached items. This paper examines the archaeological and historical evidence from Labrador Inuit sites
to identify the material differences that signal formal trading relationships versus raiding and pilfering, and the
interpretative significance of consumption when direct European contact is removed.
Arnold, Charles
University of Calgary, Canada
Using Evidence from Inuvialuit and European Illustrations to Explore the MacFarlane Collection
have acquired new significance to Inuit: as political tools; as symbols of land use and cultural presence in the Arctic; as
Among the aids available to researchers to help understand the functions and cultural contexts of mid-nineteenth
(ILUOP) developed at a critical time of political importance and cultural change in the Canadian Arctic. A consorted effort
Smithsonian Institution are illustrations rooted in two separate cultural traditions. One set of illustrations was made by
documentation means for oral history; and, finally, as companions for travelers. The Inuit Land Use and Occupancy Project
century Inuvialuit artifacts acquired from Anderson River Inuvialuit by Roderick MacFarlane and now residing at the
of talented researchers and unique Inuit leadership, ILUOP took upon itself the monumental task of documenting Inuit
Anderson River Inuvialuit themselves, and includes graphics on artifacts and a series of stand-alone drawings. The other
document and show what otherwise belonged to the realms of Inuit oral history and oral geography. This presentation will
This presentation will compare the two sets of illustrations, and discuss their connections to the MacFarlane Collection
land use across the totality of the Canadian Arctic. If anything, what characterized ILUOP was the use of maps as tools to
discuss the significance of maps in documenting Inuit knowledge and land use, and reflect on the importance of ILUOP.
Abstract List
Abstract List
‘Old Perspectives’ On Palaeo -Eskimo Archaeology In Northern Foxe Basin
illustrations are by a Roman Catholic missionary, Émile Petitot, who had first-hand knowledge of items in the collection.
and to traditional Inuvialuit culture.
Balzer, Marjorie Mandelstam
Georgetown University, balzerm@georgetown.edu, USA
Shamans Emerging From Repression In Siberia And Beyond
Based on long-term fieldwork in Siberia, post-Soviet ramifications of changing shamanic practices and belief systems
are analyzed. Comparisons with Inuit shamanic revitalization and reputation recovery are made. Focus on specific
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cases of shamanic practice, rather than a generalized “shamanism,” enables us to view shamanic power as situational
of the respective Eskimo-Aleut languages. This is of interest especially in understanding the continuing divergence
powerful intercessors with various spirit worlds and with the Russian state on behalf of their communities. Indigenous
denomination of the missionaries, strategies employed to create new terminology, and in the choices ultimately made in
mystical, socially transcendent ways. I argue that shamans can creatively engage and sooth legacies of social suffering.
religious concepts was created in a number of ways: 1) indigenous terms were given new meanings, 2) religious terms
and contingent, not “black” and “white”. In the Far Eastern Sakha Republic (Yakutia), many say that shamans are
interlocutors circulate morale-building narratives of shamans able to defeat Soviet jailers and atheist propagandists in
accommodating both native and new philosophies. For example, new vocabulary required by the introduction of new
Shamans and their followers explain that a spiritual imperative to heal and protect has survived the Soviet period.
were borrowed from European languages, and 3) new words were coined from within Eskimo-Aleut languages. The lexica
ambiguous, depending on whom they protect and how. A prophylactic against shamanic misuse of spiritual power is
terms that were not relexicalized as well as those that were. In this paper, we present observations about the adoption of
Yet many shamans were killed or repressed, rituals were suppressed, and the reputations of shamans have long been
the widespread belief that if shamans use ‘helping spirits’ for revenge or impure purposes, this can come back to haunt
them, their families, and their descendants. Perceptions of shamanic empowerment and powerlessness are discussed.
Contemporary shamans, some of whom have suffered traumatic validating initiations, often find themselves powerless
reflect differences between Russian Orthodox, Catholic, and Protestant rituals and religious concepts in terms of native
new terminology in the Eskimo-Aleut languages that arose in conjunction with the introduction of Christianity.
Berger, Paul; Pauloosie, Emma; Kadjuk, Jennifer; Inootik, Karen and Jones, Rebecca
to combat increasingly horrific environmental destruction. Shamans become lightning rods of both fear and hope for
Lakehead University, rpberger@lakeheadu.ca, Canada
Beebe, Laura
Independent Researcher
those who believe in them.
Aqpik, Kikmiññaq and Paunġaq: Berries as a Vessel for Language and Literacy
Nunavut Arctic College, Canada;
Inuit Teacher Recruitment in Nunavut
Berry picking is the only subsistence activity that all northern cultures participate in, and research indicates that among
Nunavut needs many more Inuit teachers. In this paper we describe findings from interviews conducted in eleven
berry picking is a vehicle for connecting with one’s self, family, community, land and language. Families and friends
draws Inuit youth to teaching and what barriers they face, and discuss our goal of raising awareness of teaching as a
wisdom that is lyrically embedded in the landscape and social memories being traveled through. The berries serve as
the key findings. Inuit youth are drawn to teaching by many things, but face many barriers as well. We conclude with
understandings, and harvest techniques are typically spoken of in the native tongue. It is thought that the aqpik has up
Birgit Kleist Pedersen
these cultures Inuit communities in particular have one of the highest participation rates. With its high popularity,
Nunavut communities by six students in the Nunavut Teacher Education Program. We describe what we heard that
often travel along storied trails to long known berry patches, encountering the mythical, personal and historical
rewarding career option. We comment on the appropriateness of our collaborative methodology and describe some of
mnemonic devises, prompting the telling of stories and transmissions of the local language. Place names, ecological
recommendations to help recruit more Inuit to teaching.
to eight different names in the Iñupiat language, one for each of its defined life stages. The aqpik has been referenced
in creation stories and included in place names among numerous northern cultures, revealing the complex and intrinsic
connections of people and northern landscapes. There is a growing movement among Inuit communities to incorporate
berry picking and berry knowledge into language and writing classes, and other initiatives are aimed at promoting the
values of berries.
Bender, Cori
University of Alaska Fairbanks, coribender81@gmail.com, USA
Transnational Cultural Flows And The Nation-State
It is often argued that in today’s heightened globalized world that the role of the nation-state is in decline, and that
cultural flows across national borders is occurring in an increasingly greater degree. In contradistinction, some are
beginning to question the demise of the nation-state. I propose an exploration of the continuing power of the nation-
Ilisimatusarfik/University of Greenland
The National Theatre of Greenland: Symbol of New Identifications?
The Governmental Department of Culture under the Home Rule arranged a seminar on culture in December 2008 with
about 70 attendants from all sections of the cultural area. The overall goal was – once again – to update the latest political
statement report on culture from 2004. The result of this seminar in 2008 was that a working group was established to go
on with concrete proposals for establishing an umbrella organization including all the categories of practising and creative
artists - which was eventually realized 16th May 2010. Furthermore the seminar agreed upon demanding a theatre law
to secure the actors’ rights and conditions. This law was included in the new Self Government coalition agreement in 2009,
and implemented on the 1st January 2011. Eventually The National Theatre of Greenland had its opening night on the 31st
March 2011 showing an appropriated Greenlandic-Danish version of Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe (1719) performed by two
Greenlandic actors. The National Theatre has increasingly become a key symbol of Greenlandic culture. The object of the
presentation is to argue against the ’old’ concept of culture as a coherent entity attached to specific areas and ceremonial
state to control cultural flows through a discussion on the State’s authority to monitor and regulate traditional cultural
events at specific events. In return the paper argues for a combination of old and new concepts of culture, which -
produced concerning the Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES), The Marine Mammal
with, re-interpreting key symbols as well as the ‘sacred’ symbols. The argument is, that Greenland does not consist of a
materials. I draw on ethnographic research conducted with the Inuit Circumpolar Council Alaska and literature
Protection Act (MMPA), and various other international regulatory bodies, to highlight the continued authority of the
nation-state to determine transnational cultural flows. These regulations, as a side impact, partially ensure that cultural
elements do not easily transmit across borders, but remain within prescribed boundaries.
Berge, Anna and Kaplan, Lawrence
Alaska Native Language Center, amberge@alaska.edu, USA
Alaska Native Language Center, ldkaplan@alaska.edu, USA
Abstract List
Abstract List
among these languages. Variables that must be considered include differences in native religious practices, the religious
especially during the latest decade - a rising number of talents among artists and musicians have been experimenting
culture, but many. Culture is currently subject to negotiation and as such changing according to historical interests and
according to interaction with the rest of the world. Culture will always reflect a community, where a specific ethnie acts
and expresses itself according to the symbols, which make sense for the specific ethnie. That is, the symbols which are
worth maintaing, worth developing and worth re-interpreting. However, the confusion about the concept of culture seems
to originate from the co-existence of: the different academic approaches; the smalltalks at the quotidian level and finally
the politicization of culture. The confusion rises when these discourses are jumbled together.
Divine Inspiration: The Creation of Religious Terminology Across the Eskimo -Aleut Arctic
The introduction of Christianity to the Eskimo-Aleut speaking regions had a significant impact on the lexical development
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Bjorklund, Ivar
The University Museum of Tromsø, ivar.bjorklund@uit.no, Norway
The Interface Between Ethno-Politics And Industrial Development: A Story Of Mining, Windmills And
Reindeer Herding In Northern Norway
Due to oil and gas discoveries in the Barents Sea, industrial development in the north is a priority in Norway. Large
investments are done re. mineral explorations and industrial infrastructure. The different enterprises are only
coordinated in terms of industrial development, but not when it comes to assessing local and environmental impacts.
A case study is presented where a Sami reindeer herding community of 100 people are faced with the establishment
of a copper mine parallel to the building of a windmill park and a huge electricity transmition line. In spite of Norway
having ratified the ILO-convention on indigenous rights and established a parliament for the Sami people, there seem
important reason for this political impotence, can be found in the criteria for being able to vote and also in the fact that
the reindeerherding Sami so far has stopped the Sami parliament from interfering with reindeer herding politics. So far,
they have wanted the Dept. of Agriculture and the Norwegian government to take care of their interests. Being a state
with a social democratic design - coined a “Welfare state” - the general idea of “equality” and “progress” is now creating
serious threats to the Sami indigenous way of life.
Bjørst, Lill Rastad
Aalborg University, lillrastadbj@gmail.com, Denmark
Arctic Discourses And Climate Change In Greenland
Arctic Discourses and climate Change in Greenland By Lill Rastad Bjørst, PhD With the new Greenland Self-
Government, the necessity of increasing growth in energy intensive industries is on the political agenda, and this at
a time where both “negative” and “positive” effects of climate change are emerging. This paper has taken its point of
departure in the ongoing Arctic climate change debate following analytical questions such as: Who are the central Arctic
actors? How do they position themselves in the climate change debate? And how is that related to Arctic discourses,
when it comes to climate change in Greenland? The questions of how climate change is discursively and materially
framed in relation to Greenland and the Arctic lead to considerations pertaining to how the humanistic sciences might
frame and approach discussions of climate change as such. Discussions of climate change open up complex social and
political arenas, where an increasing number of actors (human as well as non-human) are delegated as spokespersons
to talk on behalf of nature, culture, society and climate and because of this, this work draws on perspectives derived
from Science and Technology Studies (STS) and particularly poststructuralist writers such as Barad, Butler and Haraway.
Studies of Arctic discourses in the climate debate reveal a discursive battle where science, politics, media and NGOs as
well as Inuit are engaged in linking, relating, framing, and forming alliances as well as shaping and reshaping them. A
central argument put forth in this paper is that no one acts alone, but rather in alliances with other actors (human and
nonhuman) and this affects and forms e.g. the Inuit’s positions and influence on the climate change debate.
Blangy, Sylvie
CNRS/CEFE Montpellier, sylvie.blangy@cefe.cnrs.fr, France
Indigenous community Engagement and Collaborative Research Process; Lessons from the Northern
Periphery
Indigenous communities in northern peripheries are facing similar challenges: environmental and socio-economic
changes from climate change, mineral exploration, hydroelectric development, timber harvesting, and tourism
development. They are concerned about the sustainability of their traditional lifestyle, employment for community
members – particularly the youth, the health and wellbeing of their communities, and the preservation of traditional
ecological knowledge and culture. Cross cultural and collaborative research models and programs were developed over
build bridges between scientific and local experts and researchers, and to compare scenarios and strategies developed
to face and overcome the challenges. Through a series of participatory workshops with the Inuit Inland Caribou peoples
of Qamani’tuaq, Canada, and the Sami Reindeer Herder peoples of Övre Soppero, Sweden, a collaboratory between
community, industry and academia was developed, a variety of inter-community research program were initiated,
a Human and Environment Observatory interdisciplinary program was established, and additional Indigenous
communities joined as the research evolved. This convergence of approaches facilitated an enhanced understanding
of the changes occurring at the local level, the value and role of traditional knowledge in both research and policy-
making contexts, and the collaborative process for engaging Indigenous communities. Based on these experiences, the
challenges associated with involving northern Indigenous communities in collaborative research are critically assessed
and methodological best-practices and recommendations are identified.
Blangy, Sylvie
CNRS/CEFE Montpellier, sylvie.blangy@cefe.cnrs.fr, France
Exchanging on lessons learned about industrial development; a triangular research collaboration
between communities, universities and the Industry
Arctic communities affected by mining extraction are looking at ways to exchange on lessons learned and ways to deal
Abstract List
Abstract List
to be no way of haltering these impacts. The Sami parliament has not taken any initiative to deal with the issue. One
the past 4 years in order to bring communities together, to share the lessons learned from ongoing research projects, to
with the extractive industry. Research networks and collaborations will empower communities and give them a chance to
make informed decisions about their future. This presentation is about an ongoing project studying the impact of mining
development on ecosystems, caribou herds and Inuit lifestyles in Qamanittuaq, Nunavut. In particular, it addresses
community concerns about a uranium mine projected to open in 2015. Using a triangular research model, the project
aims at linking community-based experts; academics and mining representatives who will develop an interdisciplinary
research program modeled after the “Human & Environment Observatories” led by the French National Research Centre.
The research collaborations experienced in Qamanittuaq will be extended to two additional sites concerned by mining
operations (Xstrata Nickel and IOC Iron) Salluit in Nunavik and Schefferville in Québec. An international comparison
between northern mining projects in Canadian and northern Scandinavian sites is conducted. This comparative study
will strengthen the links between the different communities. The results of all these combined projects will nurture the
foundations of a new international project aiming at a circumpolar Arctic Community and Expert Network on mining
and industrial development impacts, a data management system for communities to exchange lessons learned with the
industry, modeled after the collaborative web site ELOKA (http://eloka-arctic.org). All these projects were initiated within
IPY and are thriving thanks to further financial support coming from Canada, France and Finland.
Boraas, Alan S. and Catherine H. Knott
Anthropology, Kenai Peninsula College, ifasb@kpc.alaska.edu, USA
Anthropology, Kenai Peninsula College ifchk@kpc.alaska.edu, USA
Fish, Family, Freedom, and Sacred Water: the Salmon Cultures of the Bristol Bay Watershed, Alaska, U.S.A.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) launched an assessment of Bristol Bay, Alaska to determine the
significance of its ecological resources and evaluate the potential impacts of large-scale mining on these resources. As part of
that assessment, the authors were contracted by USEPA to conduct a cultural characterization of the importance of salmon
and clean water to the indigenous people of the region: the Dena’ina and Yup’ik. This paper summarizes the “voices of the
people” obtained from 53 interviews in six villages in 2011 regarding the interconnectedness of wild salmon and clean water
in their lives. The indigenous people of this region the people have an unbroken record of wild salmon subsistence from
prehistory to now. The interviews and cultural analysis demonstrate that salmon-influenced patterns continue to permeate
the culture linguistically, nutritionally, socially, politically and religiously. The Dena’ina and Yup’ik of the region may be
the last remaining salmon cultures in the world still reliant on wild foods with wild salmon the keystone species. Loss of
salmon or clean water due to mining or other factors would be culturally and nutritionally devastating.
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Brandy, Eliza
Memorial University, emb820@mun.ca, Canada
Inuit Identities and Animal Use Patterns in 19th Century Labrador
The archaeological site of Snooks Cove (GaBp-7), situated in Hamilton Inlet along the central coast of Labrador, has
been confirmed through excavation in 2009, and Moravian missionary documentation, as a place where multiple Inuit
families resided during the late 18th through 19th centuries. Analysis of the faunal remains recovered from two of
these houses provides a glimpse at how the inhabitants prioritised traditional animal use patterns, while still actively
participating in new intercultural exchanges. The varying colonial experiences across Labrador are visible through
comparison in the archaeological record, thus this paper will demonstrate the dynamic nature of continuity and change
in identity at Snooks Cove as seen through faunal assemblages from Inuit, settler, and Inuit-Metis sites across Labrador.
economic opportunities brought about by an increasingly permanent European presence.
Bravo, Michael and Aporta, Claudio
Scott Polar Research Institute, mb124@cam.ac.uk, UK
Carleton University, claudio_aporta@carleton.ca, Canada
The Inuit Northwest Passage: Conceptualizing Navigational Strategies for Sea Crossings of Lancaster
Sound
This paper emerges out of a collaborative project to explore the concept of a pan-Inuit region based on a network of connected
trails. This paper begins to explore some aspects of Inuit sea crossings defined as large bodies of either open water, ice-
covered water, or some combination depending on the temporal, spatial, and material conditions. They have over many
centuries been a contested space between different cultures: amongst Inuit cultures as well as between Inuit and Euro-
American cultures. After enumerating several such sea crossings of the Inuit in the Eastern Arctic, the paper focuses on the
waters of Lancaster Sound as a case study. Drawing on mapping work carried out with Pond Inlet elders in 2011, together with
historical analysis printed visual and textual sources, the paper attempts to distinguish the kind of navigational knowledge
and strategies required for crossing the strait in contrast to those for navigating along the coastline. These distinctions are
reflected in the long history of competing and entangled regional visions and claims to occupancy and use of these waters.
Bravo, Michael
Scott Polar Research Institute, mb124@cam.ac.uk, UK
“Techniques Du Corps”: Early C20 Inuit Studies In France and Germany.
France and Germany constituted a crucial setting for Inuit Studies in the ‘long nineteenth century’ (1870-1930). French
researchers in Inuit studies drew on disciplinary perspectives from sociology, anthropology, human and physical
geography, physics, and archaeology. In spite of this diversity they shared overlapping concerns around problems of the
materiality and embodiment of technique. By examining some of the links between the work of different researchers, it
is hoped to reveal why and to what extent evidence draw from Inuit culture was granted such importance.
Broadbent, Noel
Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian Institution, broadben@si.edu, USA
The Search For a Past: Saami Prehistory in Northern Coastal Sweden
The Saami people are historically known as reindeer herders inhabiting northwest Russia and northernmost Norway,
Sweden and Finland. This characterization has nevertheless limited our understanding of Saami society for much
of prehistory. Saami settlement was more widespread and their economy more diversified than historical and
ethnographic sources imply. There are strong grounds for considering the prehistory of coastal Sweden as relevant
to the Saami past and examining the disappearance of the Saami from this region as a consequence of Scandinavian
of Saami hunting and fishing society into the culture we recognize today. Recent archaeological finds, including sealing
huts, a ritual bear burial, circular sacrificial sites and place-names, provide evidence of Saami settlement and land-use in
the coastal zone. Archaeology can make major contributions to our understanding of the prehistoric, pre-Christian and
pre-reindeer-dependent Saami, and the assertion of indigenous rights in Sweden today.
Bronshtein, Mikhail
State Museum of Oriental Art, bronmi@list.ru, Russia
Keeping the Art, Preserving the Identity: Uelen Ivory Carving Workshop, Past and Present
The paper addresses the role of the Uelen ivory-carving workshop in the history of coastal Chukchi and Yupik ivory
carving art. Established in the 1930s, the workshop was the main hub for the folk handicraft and artistic production till
the 1980s, as many renowned indigenous artists were employed there full-time. Their carved and engraved art pieces,
tusks, sculptured compositions, and decorated objects, served as the ‘symbols’ of Chukotka at many international
art shows and exhibits. During the 1990s, the situation has changed, as many senior carvers passed away and the
government funding for the workshop dried out. During the 2000s, new carving workshops were opened in Anadyr
and elsewhere in Chukotka, so that several Uelen craftsmen moved there. Nonetheless, the carvers and engravers at the
Uelen workshop are the true keepers of the artistic traditions of the Chukchi and Yupik ivory carving of the first part
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This research also supports that zooarchaeology contributes vital insights into the Inuit responses to social and
expansion in the Late Iron Age and medieval period. This also corresponds in time with the widespread transformation
of the 20th century. Thanks to a small group of dedicated local artists in Uelen, the tradition has neither lost its artistic
primacy not ceased being viewed as a symbol of cultural pride and indigenous identity.
Burch, Judith Varney
Research collaborator, Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian Institution, judithvarneyburch@gmail.com, USA
Culture on Cloth: Baker Lake Wall Hangings
“Culture on Cloth: Baker Lake Wall Hangings” is an exhibition of nineteen wallhangings by 12 textile artists from the
Nunavut community of Qamannittuaq. First hosted by the Canadian Embassy in Washington, D.C. in approximately
2000.This exhibit was later launched on a ten-year tour sponsored by the Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs.
Works in the exhibit convey the oral history of Inuit, and reflect the life experienced by these gifted artists. The
exhibit has been hosted in cities and countries around the world, including Mexico, France, Japan, Korea, China,
Mongolia, India, Latvia, Moscow and Siberia, Paraguay, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Patagonia, Guatemala, as well as other
international locations. The presentation will discuss the exhibition, its travels, and my own experience in sharing the
exhibit with international audiences – schoolchildren as well as the general public – and participating in roundtable
discussions with college professors, university students, and museum staffs. This experience provides personal insights
into developing future opportunities for the international travel and support of contemporary Inuit art.
Byam, Amélie and Cummings, Erin
Carleton University, amelie_byam@carleton.ca, Canada
Northwest Passage and Construction of Pan-Arctic Identities Atlas
This work contributes to a larger project led by Michael Bravo of Cambridge University, and Claudio Aporta and Fraser
Taylor of Carleton University, that explores the existence of pan-Arctic networks constituted through geographic and
discursive narratives. Inuit routes and place names reflect the convergences of local geographic knowledges, social
relationships, and inter-generational knowledge production. Using a cybercartographic atlas framework, we are
mapping an interconnected pan-Arctic region, movement through which depends on access to precise cultural and
spatial knowledge. The mapping of these trails and names allow us to traverse these relationships through time and
space. Informed by an interdisciplinary methodology and drawing from participatory field research in the Kitikmeot
and Baffin Island regions of Nunavut, as well as historical and archival research, we are constructing an atlas of Inuit
trails, travel routes, and place names that link historic and contemporary communities across a circumpolar Arctic. The
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exploration of these themes supports a perception of the Arctic that competes with state discourses of boundedness, in
favor of overlapping transnational indigenous regions. By cataloguing an extensive network of place names and trails,
the Northwest Passage and Construction of Pan-Arctic Identities Atlas seeks to demonstrate the linkages between the
sharing of specific geographic knowledges and the facilitation of travel beyond familiar horizons.
Calabretta, Fred
MYSTIC SEAPORT: The Museum of America and the Sea, fred.calabretta@mysticseaport.org, USA
Captain George Comer (1858-1937)
This paper will provide an overview of the career of Captain George Comer 1858-1937), with an emphasis on his
anthropological work among the Inuit of Hudson Bay. Comer overcame a difficult childhood and a limited education,
mineral development projects, often on their own terms.
Cavell, Janice
Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, Janice.Cavell@international.gc.ca, Canada
“We Were Certainly Surprised to See What Can Actually Be Made Out of the Eskimos”: Photography and
Canadian Government Policy in the Arctic, 1922-1925
Beginning with the first Eastern Arctic Patrol in 1922, Canadian government officials regularly visited Godhavn
(Qequertarsuaq) and other Greenland settlements on their way to and from the Arctic Archipelago. John Davidson
Craig, the commander of the first patrol, was immediately struck by the visual contrast between the Aboriginal
inhabitants of Greenland, who had taken on some of the characteristics of their Danish rulers, and those of Baffin Island,
accomplished mariner and captain, specializing in the whale fishery centered in Hudson Bay. In addition, Comer thrived as an
who in Craig’s opinion showed many of the ill effects of contact with whites but none of the benefits. Photographs of the
key relationships, including extraordinary decades-long associations with the Inuit, preeminent anthropologist Franz Boas,
a “civilizing mission” on Baffin Island. Many of the photographs were made into slides for use in presentations to other
amateur ethnologist and was especially active in the field from 1897 to 1912. His accomplishments may be attributed to several
and the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. This paper will address these themes and will also consider
the significant Comer-related holdings in the collections of Mystic Seaport Museum and how two key projects - an exhibition
and a photographic digitization project - provided enhanced access to Comer’s important legacy and its related resources.
Cassady, Joslyn
Drew University, jcassady@drew.edu, USA
“Dreams Are the Other Half of Life”: Iñupiaq Travels in a Christianized Landscape
two groups taken during the annual patrols were clearly designed to emphasize need for government intervention and
government officials and the general public. The example of Danish paternalism in Greenland, then, strongly shaped
early Canadian government visions of the Far North and its future. This paper examines how visual images were used
to impress viewers with the need for a government presence on Baffin Island and to construct a vision of Greenland as
a place where Europeans and Inuit interacted in an ideal manner, producing Natives whose appearance and habits were
reassuringly similar to those of white people. In the process, the Arctic – formerly a distant, unfamiliar, and mysterious
realm with few connections to the rest of Canada – was redefined as a region to which the functions of government
must be extended so that it could reach its full potential.
Arctic explorers and early ethnographers recorded numerous accounts of the soul travels of Inuit while dreaming. These
Chan, Amy E.
Inuit shamans visited during times of crisis. What is seldom mentioned in these documents, however, is how the dreams
Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian Institution, Arizona State University, ChanA@si.edu, Amy.E.Chan@asu.edu, USA
accounts are noteworthy for their descriptions of the spiritualized landscapes of the upperworld and underworld that
of people other than shamans also mediated the complex social future of Inuit families. Drawing on fieldwork conducted
Ivory Drill Bows Animate Stories of Carving and Collecting in Norton Sound, Alaska
Iñupiat. My data, including 21 first-person accounts of travels to heaven and hell, provides a unique lens into both the
on ivory drill bows. This paper traces the shifting contexts and narratives of almost one hundred Norton Sound drill
influence. I found that Iñupiaq experiences while traveling provide insights into a range of moral dilemmas, such as the
pictorial engraving had developed into a favored visual expression across the Bering Strait. The linearity of ivory drill
of suicide. Christian Iñupiat described their ‘burden’ to help others ‘get good with God’ after having vivid dreams of the
environmental and socio-cultural relationships. Carvers added motifs over time and the presence of multiple hands
reemerging ethnographic interest in animism and its complex interplay with dominant world religions.
Sound in search of natural resources and cultural objects, traders and collectors such as Charles Hall with the Alaska
in Arctic Alaska over a span of fifteen years, this paper examines the contemporary cultural context of soul travel among
contemporary cosmologic landscape of Iñupiat as well as the social politics of dreaming after 150 years of Christian
spiritual fate of aborted fetuses, the consequences of behavior while alapit (blacked out) from drinking, and the causes
afterlife. Complicating conventional assumptions about religious syncretism in the Arctic, this paper contributes to the
Cater, Tara
Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland, tara.cater@mun.ca, Canada
When Mining Comes (Back) to Town: Exploring Mining Encounters in the Kivalliq Region, Nunavut
Carvers from Norton Sound, Alaska excelled in transforming oral stories and hunting exploits into complex scenes
bows as the objects moved from carvers’ hands into those of collectors and museums. By the mid-nineteenth century,
bows formed an ideal surface on which to recount life events and indigenous epistemologies reflective of distinct
suggests a passing down of these objects as a form of familial history and patrimony. Congregating within Norton
Commercial Company and Edward W. Nelson with the Smithsonian Institution eagerly sought the engraved bows
as aesthetic manifestations of Arctic mores. Quickly acquired, the majority of collectors designated the bows simply
as Norton Sound leaving little identification to a carver’s community or insight into the bows’ multi-layered stories.
Continued practices of ivory carving and storytelling within Arctic communities reveals potential for engraved
The northern community of Rankin Inlet, Nunavut originated in 1957, with the opening of the North Rankin Nickel Mine
drill bows to animate oral histories and foster discourse between scholars and communities. As a collaborative
peoples in the region, who left traditional subsistence economies and adapted to wage labour and settlement life. This short
understanding that oral narratives can bring life and meaning to engraved ivories within museum collections.
(NRNM), and most people stayed even after its closure in 1962. The mine brought about immense changes for many Inuit
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eventually finding great success in dual, complementary careers. Drawn to the sea at the age of 17, he became and
encounters still present on today’s landscapes, and how the community is negotiating new openings for themselves within
study, knowledge shared by carvers and community members is integrated with object analyses and is based on the
encounter with mining remains a strong affectual relationship, with the Rankin Inlet community in general and older
Inuit workers in particular, asserting their identity as miners. With the growth of contemporary mineral development in
the Kivalliq Region, including Toronto’s Agnico-Eagle Mines Ltd.’s Meadowbank mine near Baker Lake, and the upcoming
Meliadine gold project near Rankin Inlet, mining has (re)emerged as a significant, yet poorly understood driver of socio-
economic change in the region. Employing an ethnographic research methodology, through participant observation and
semi-structured interviews within the Rankin Inlet community, my project investigates how the community of Rankin
Inlet is responding to the changes brought by contemporary mineral development amid memories of historic mining
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Chartier, Daniel
Université du Québec à Montréal, chartier.daniel@uqam.ca, Canada
Does Inuit Literature Call for a Specific Literary History? The Case of Nunavik Literature
The objective of this paper is to examine the parameters within which we can think a first historical interpretation of
the evolution of written literature in Nunavik, which, as of 1959, signals the beginning of a written self-representation
of the Inuit. Since the work of Margaret Harry (1985) and more recently of Keavy Martin (2009, 2010), we can see how
the “indigenous” literatures and especially Inuit literature pose a reception problem that questions the rules found
elsewhere in the process of establishing literary aesthetic judgments (Chartier, 2000). Harry found that, in many
cases, “indigenous” and Inuit literatures are qualified through a critical process of ignorance or praise, which does not
indicate the aesthetic value of the works. However, this aesthetic exists: it can be found in the origin (oral and visual),
poetic, tends rapidly, as Langgård (2011) has shown, for the circumpolar context, to a postmodern voice (which includes
forms that combines the written and the oral, like spoken word, songs, web videos, multimedia blogs). An Inuit literary
history might also set a context of its own, or as K. Langgård suggests for her context: “Does Greenlandic Literature
call for a Specific Greenlandic literary theory?” (1996). We believe this situation calls for: (a) considerations relating to
social and cultural context of Nunavik, the transition from oral to written and oral persistence in writing, (b) literary
reception issues which blur reading and appreciation of texts (Harry, 1985; Martin, 2009) and finally (c) an analysis of
the recurrence and the originality of certain literary forms, including the presence of autobiography, and postmodern
feminist or gender perspective.
Chhabra, Deepak and Tjerino, Karla
Arizona State University, Deepak.Chhabra@asu.edu, USA
processes of living the lands (Cruikshank, 2000, Ingold, 2000). Overall my research centres on the sometimes ill-fitting
relationship between western educational systems and indigenous forms of learning. This paper examines the significance
of indigenous ways of living lands for educational debates. Drawing on broader discussions of indigenous pedagogies of
land (Haig-Brown & Dannenmann, 2002), I propose that, at these hunting camps, people re-member (ibid: 452) themselves
into an expanded social community contesting culture-nature dichotomies typically imposed on pedagogical practices
– to which I draw comparison. People experienced in living the lands afford children a dwelling position from which
to grow with the features of the land (Ingold, 2000). Living can be seen as a way of speaking (ibid: 147); thus living the
lands of Angujaartorfik is to form part of a story. In conclusion, I suggest that the relationship between Angujaartorfik
and education is social and twofold; living (speaking) the land affords senses of continuity and belonging in an arctic
homeland not open to all children, while indigenous practices of pedagogy challenge standard forms of education
Cloud, John
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Central Library, John.Cloud@noaa.gov, USA
Tracing The Shore on Tusk and Paper: Guy and Joe Kakaryook and the Coast and Geodetic Survey
My presentation will explore intersections between specific Iñupiat artists in the late 19th century and scientists from
the US Coast and Geodetic Survey, at a time when it was the leading scientific agency in the government, and also
sympathetic to indigenous peoples’ knowledge of landscapes, especially indigenous place names. The Iñupiat artist
Guy Kakaryook moved to St. Michael before the Klondike era. Through his second wife he acquired a son-in-law, Joe
Kakaryook (later Joe Austin), born at Port Clarence. Both Kakaryooks engraved walrus tusks. Guy Kakaryook also
painted landscapes, and he created two sketchbooks of remarkable colored pencil and watercolor scenes, dated 1895
and 1903, later acquired by Sheldon Jackson. In 1898, Joe Kakaryook worked as a translator for the US Coast and
Geodetic Survey, and he also drew a series of remarkably detailed maps covering the Bering Sea coast, the lower
Critical Analysis of Arctic Tourism Representations by Induced Agents in the United States: A
Sustainable Marketing Perspective
Yukon and Kuskokwim Rivers deltas, and the main Yukon River almost to Dawson. The five surviving maps contain
The Arctic is one of the last grand wilderness regions of the world. The Inuit in this region have managed to survive and
the surviving works of Guy and Joe Kakaryook, which are scattered and often mis-identified in disparate collections. I
live in harmony with nature for thousands of years. Because of the growing demand for Arctic tourism, it has become
crucial to critically examine contemporary efforts to promote Arctic tourism and strategize sustainable marketing
hundreds of place names. My presentation will be a work in progress of my attempt to create a catalogue raisonné of
will also use Guy Kakaryook’s richly detailed presentations of villages and camps crowded with life to contextualize
the contemporary coastal views prepared by skilled artists in the Coast and Geodetic Survey. I submit that this art and
initiatives of this unique landscape. This study examines the promotional content used by travel agents/tour operators
cartography is integral to historic Alaskan maritime and riverine cultural landscapes.
in their marketing collateral. The data for this study is anchored in online content analysis of brochures and websites
Collignon, Beatrice
and Alaska are being contacted with a request to mail promotional material on Arctic tourism. To enhance credibility
Histoire de la géographie. Secondary Research group: GDR 3062 Mutations Polaires (CNRS), beatrice.collignon@univ-paris1.fr,
(induced agents) based in the United States to determine the extent to which they promote the sustainable principles
of travel agents and tour operators. Approximately twenty-five travel agents based in Arizona, California, Washington,
University Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne Research team: UMR 8504 Géographie-cités (CNRS/Paris 1/Paris 7), Epistémologie et
of the themes identified from the textual/pictorial content of Arctic tourism promotion on the websites and brochures,
France
and to assist in serving as a guide to the data analysis process, constant comparison method is used (Glaser & Holton,
2004). The results of this study aim to unpack the realities and images conveyed of Arctic tourism through the lens of
sustainability. These findings can serve as a valuable mechanism to determine if sustainability principles are pursued.
An important insight offered into the values and sense of sustainability commitment by the induced tourism agents will
help craft programs in the future that support responsible/sustainable marketing of Arctic tourism.
Christensen, Suna
s.christensen@abdn.ac.uk, Denmark
Living Lands: Education and Growth
This paper arose from my 2010 fieldwork at the summer hunting camp ‘Angujaartorfik’ in Greenland, where I studied
pedagogy as an everyday cultural practice. This camp assembles families who have gathered there for as long as they can
remember, along with younger families coming to Angujaartorfik to learn, and to make it attractive for their children.
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the context (pan-Inuit and cultural), the preferred forms (short stories, autobiography). This Inuit literary aesthetic, or
Here, I draw attention to dwelling as a form of pedagogy allowing children to experience landscape and memory as
Naming Places, Creating Landscapes, Memorizing Inuit Geographies
The encounter between an environment such as the Canadian Arctic and a culture of hunters-gatherers such as that of
the Inuit people has created a specific cultural landscape, where artefacts testifying human presence are scarce, and
where dwellings leave but a light footprint on the tundra. Yet, the Inuit have indeed deeply humanized their familiar
landscapes, through the very process of naming places. Based on extended fieldwork with the Inuinnait people
(Canada’s Western Arctic), this paper will discuss the creation cultural landscapes through the naming of places.
Furthermore, it will look at how such landscapes play a key role in keeping and transmitting a people’s own geography,
that is their own perception and understanding of their surroundings (both material and spiritual, both physical and
social). The argument will then move forward to address the issues raised by the recording of place names sets that had
until now been transmitted only orally. Such surveys tend to freeze toponymic systems that were previously dynamic,
as is people’s geography. They also tend to reduce place names to mere words, deprived of the stories and geographic
knowledge that were imbedded in them in such a way that, when told (and not read) they had the power to trigger
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the memory of everything linked to the place and its surroundings: information related to the land, to hunting and
travelling, as well as information about humans, relatives and ancestors, foreigners and other beings who live on the
knowledge about tuberculosis. Triangulating information gained from fieldwork, archives, and a community-based
land: a geographic knowledge as a whole.
photograph naming project, this study brings together the perspectives of Inuit hospital workers, nurses, doctors, and
Collins, Andrew
The findings reveal, contrary to the pattern for Canadian Arctic Inuit, more tubercular Inuit were treated locally at
Memorial University, dac762@mun.ca, Canada
Putting the Pieces Together: Labrador Inuit Acquisition, Use, Reuse, and Distribution Of European
Ceramics During the Labrador Communal Sod House Phase
As a part of the Building the Past to Understand the Future project at Memorial University this analysis of European
ceramics found in Inuit winter homes dating from eighteenth century Labrador will explore the ways in which Labrador
patients, as well as of Government and Anglican-Church officials, during the tuberculosis era in the Cumberland Sound.
St. Luke’s than were sent away for treatment to southern hospitals on board the Government-commissioned medical-
patrol ship, CGS CD Howe. This study underlines the importance of linking archival sources to local Inuit knowledge,
in a collaborative, community-based research environment. It also speaks to current concerns about the re-emergence
of tuberculosis and the importance of developing culturally-appropriate community initiatives to manage infectious
diseases in Nunavut.
Inuit adopted the use of European ceramics, how this process may have differed across Labrador, and how changing
Crate, Susan A.
sod house phase at this time. Based on artifact collections from completely excavated sod houses and drawing upon
George Mason University, scrate1@gmu.edu, USA
socio-economic relationships and trade networks may have contributed to the development of the Labrador communal
a post-colonial interpretative framework, this research will contribute to debates surrounding the nature of socio-
Perspectives On and Adaptations To Changing Seasonality in Labrador, Canada and Northeast Siberia,
Russia
the regional nature of Inuit settlement throughout Labrador. Because the artifact collections under consideration for this
This paper explore some of the preliminary results of the project PHENARC, a collaborative interdisciplinary effort
for Social and Economic Research for their contributions to this endeavor.
unprecedented climate change. The project works with place-based communities in two distinct Arctic regions: with
economic change in Inuit society and the adoption of communal houses at this time, and will also provide insight into
study are stored at multiple locations, travel is a necessary component of this project. I would like to thank the Institute
Cook, Conor, Gatbonton, Elizabeth Andersen, Harriet; White, Toni; Nochasak, Christine
and Jararuse, Suzanna
Concordia University, conor.cook@utoronto.ca, Canada
Torngâsok Centre, Nunatsiavut
Creating a Pedagogical Grammar of Labrador Inuttitut: Is It Useful For Learners?
In 2009, the Torngâsok Centre in Nunatsiavut established the Labrador Inuttitut Training Program (LITP) to develop
to understand how local communities are affected by, perceiving, and responding to changing seasonality due to
Viliui Sakha communities, Turkic-speaking horse and cattle agropastoralists of northeastern Siberia, Russia, and with
Inuit/Settler communities in Labrador Canada. All are witnessing the disruption of their ide-dependent ecosystems due
to changing seasonality. The paper discusses and compares preliminary findings from the two areas and also how the
project is working towards finding ways to develop ‘citizen science’ activities, including residents? daily observations
of seasonal change, thereby defining linkages and interactions between varying components and processes of the
arctic system that relate to changing seasonality and developing important local monitoring networks to establish how
changing seasonality is affecting their physical and cultural adaptations to their environment.
a curriculum for teaching Inuttitut to adults who have had exposure to the language but cannot speak it. The LITP
Crompton, Amanda
Inuttitut sentences that can be learned quickly and put to immediate use. Although grammar is not the primary
Memorial University; lmhp@mun.ca, Canada
curriculum adopted a task-based language teaching approach, whose goal is to teach sets of useful common everyday
teaching objective, in our LITP curriculum it occupies a prominent place, since explaining how an Inuttitut utterance is
Settling In Southern Labrador: New Perspectives on the French 18th Century Experience.
careful consideration of issues not necessarily relevant in preparing an ordinary reference grammar. In this paper we
land concessions, issued from and administered by French officials in Quebec, were granted to a series of individuals
constituted is crucial to revealing its meaning. The pedagogical aspect of creating a learner-oriented grammar requires
Beginning in the early eighteenth century, French settlement began to expand along the southern Labrador coast. Large
describe the pedagogical grammar we are developing to support our task-based curriculum. We then discuss issues of
for the purposes of sealing, hunting, fishing, and trading with the Inuit. The Inuit presence had a profound impact on
to the grammatical structure of Inuttitut. Should we use Eurocentric terminology such as ‘noun’ or ‘verb’ versus ‘object
this paper. The French were profoundly motivated by the potential for trade with the Inuit, but also very wary of the
grammatical description and grammar teaching that arose during the development process and that relate specifically
word’ or ‘event word’ to describe Inuttitut grammar? How deep into the grammar do we need to go in order to explain
the ways in which French settlement developed along the southern Labrador coast, and this will be the central focus of
potential for their interactions with the Inuit to end in violence. The experiences of Pierre Constantin, who was granted
an Inuttitut sentence? How do we sequence the grammatical points that we teach? Discussing these issues and the steps
the concession of St. Modeste, will be explored, both through the documentary record and through the results of a
language teaching program dedicated to language revitalization.
much about the nature of European contact in southern Labrador, and the cultural exchanges that occurred there.
Cowall, E. Emily S.
Darwent, John and Lange, Hans
taken to resolve them can provide insights that can further shape and refine our curriculum and the curriculum of any
Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, emilycowall@gmail.com, Canada
Puvaluqatatiluta, When We had Tuberculosis: The Study of Tuberculosis among the Inuit in the
Cumberland Sound Region of Baffin Island, 1930-1972
This study of Church- and State-mediated tuberculosis treatment for Inuit of the Cumberland Sound region from 1930
to 1972 arose from conversations with Inuit in Pangnirtung, who wondered why they were sent to southern sanatoria in
the 1950s for tuberculosis treatment, when the local hospital had been providing treatment for decades.
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St. Luke’s Mission Hospital sits at the centre of this discussion and at the nexus of archival evidence and regional Inuit
preliminary archaeological survey. The experiences of Constantin in southern Labrador have the potential to reveal
University of California-Davis, jajdarwent@gmail.com, USA
Greenland National Museum and Archives, hans.lange@natmus.gl, USA
Late Paleoeskimo Logistics: The Late Dorset Use Of Inglefield Land, Northwestern Greenland
Over the past 15 years our knowledge of the use of Inglefield Land, northwestern Greenland by the Late Dorset (ca. A.D.
800-1200) has greatly expanded through the investigations in the Hatherton Bay area by the Gateway to the Greenland
project undertaken by the Danish National Museum, and systematic surveys of large stretches of coastline and
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excavations of Late Dorset features by the Inglefield Land Archaeology Project. Late Dorset features are found across
experienced the greatest regional warming on earth in recent decades, which has influenced a dramatic decrease in sea
features identified with this occupation include four longhouses, winter season houses, tent rings with atypically
are catalyzing economic opportunities not previously available. Cruise ships were seen only occasionally in Canadian
the region from Foulke Fjord in the west to the base of the Humboldt Glacier in the east. Some of the more intriguing
shaped triangular midpassages and other tent rings with more classically shaped large rectangular midpassages. Based
on the density of features and size of some of these features, it appears that there was a relatively large population
during the Late Dorset tenure of Inglefield Land who used the region in recurrent logistical manner. Here we discuss
a reconstruction of the Late Dorset settlement pattern and seasonal rounds in Inglefield Land based on the current
evidence available from the region.
Davidson, Adrienne
Globalization and Inuit Sub-Government States: Understanding Opportunities and Challenges in
Canada’s Changing Federation
Globalization writ large has been implicated in introducing external pressures on the nation state. Much of literature has
focused on the mechanisms for and implications of the restructuring of political influence upwards to the supranational
Arctic waters before 2005 and seldom attempted travel through the ice-infested Northwest Passage. But there is now
a regular fleet of operators cruising throughout the region and the number of ships traveling specifically through the
now accessible Northwest Passage has increased by more than 70%. This presentation outlines results of the Cruise
Tourism in Arctic Canada (C-TAC) study; a research program which aimed to identify local concerns and opportunities
associated with increased cruise activity in the Canadian Arctic (see http://www.arctictourismandclimate.lakeheadu.
ca). Findings are based on 270 interviews with residents of six Inuit communities (Ulukhaktok, Cambridge Bay, Gjoa
Haven, Pond Inlet, Kujjuuaq, and Nain), 33 policy-maker interviews, and 18 cruise ship operator interviews. Using
data gathered from these interviews a policy Delphi survey was conducted in order to identify and evaluate the
feasibility and affordability of adaptive strategies and policy pathways aimed at taking advantage of opportunities
while mitigating risks associated with increased cruise tourism activity. Growth in Canada’s Arctic cruise sector could
bring important economic opportunities, however, these opportunities will only be realized under good governance
frameworks that ensure development is mutually beneficial for both local communities and industry.
level (i.e. Scholte, 2005; Clarkson and Wood, 2010) - or horizontally from the public sector into the private (Strange, 1990;
Denbæk, Judithe
capacity and responsibility, into the hands of what Paquin and Lachapelle (2005) describe as sub-government states Within
Ilisimatusarfik/University of Greenland, jude@slm.uni.gl, Greenland
Skogstad, 2000). More recently, globalization literature has begun to look at the simultaneous shift downwards in policy
federalist nations, this framework has largely been characterized as the shift in power from national governments to states/
Cultural Translation and Taboo
Canadian federalism literature has begun to mirror the expectations of the globalization literature. Gary Wilson (2008)
summer of 2011. Several considerations are taken into account in the paper, since the material used are translations between
provinces, or territories - though it increasingly recognizes Aboriginal nations within this framework. Meanwhile, the
This paper is based on an investigation in cultural translation, for a semester paper at graduate level, submitted in the
expanded conventional conceptions of federalism to consider Canada a ‘nested’ federation. His typology recognizes that
Greenlandic and Danish, found in a series of a magazine called INUK for youth in Greenland: first, what does it mean to
Aboriginals (specifically, the Inuit) in Canada are increasingly pursuing and achieving autonomous state status within
the existing constituent Canadian federation. However, the literature stops short of considering the implications - the
opportunities and the challenges - for increasingly autonomous Inuit in a globalizing world. Looking specifically at
globalization through its economic lens, the paper will intersect these two literatures to consider how globalization
may impact policy development, inter-governmental relationships (between Aboriginal sub-government states), or the
development of ‘competitive’ of ‘cooperative’ activities between Inuit sub-governmental actors in Canada.
Davies, Michelle
Memorial University, michelle.t.davies@gmail.com, Canada
Activities and Agency of Inuit Women in the Communal House Phase of 18th Century Labrador
conduct research in one’s own culture? Second, what kind of material or text is dealt with? Third and most importantly, what
exactly is cultural translation? The translations selected for the purpose are subjects that are evaluated as tabooed subjects
in Greenlandic context by the author, the reason being expectation of deviation between the text being translated and the
translation of the text (in other words between the source language (SL) and the target language (TL)). The deviations in the
translations should shed light on what happens in the progress of translation between the two languages/ and- or cultures.
Dobrieva, Elizaveta A. and Valentina G. Leonova
Chukotka District Museum, Lavrentiya, Russia
Institute for Teachers Training, Anadyr, Russia
18th century Labrador was a period of remarkable change and saw the substitution of smaller one- or two-roomed
Attitudes Toward Native Languages Among Indigenous Peoples of Chukotka: Current Status and
Practical Activities
probable that the cause of this change in household architecture is multifaceted and as a result the gender arrangements
indigenous languages to Native students in Chukotka local schools. Altogether, 311 individual responses to the standard
winter houses with large, rectangular communal houses which were capable of accommodating several families. It is
In February 2012, the Chukotka Indigenous Peoples’ Association conducted a survey to determine attitudes toward teaching
among 18th century Inuit may have undergone a similar shift. By carefully reviewing Inuit ethnographic analogies, the
questionnaire were received from the communities of Lavrentiya, New Chaplino, Vankarem, Ayon, Uelen, Neshkan, Inchoun,
accounts of the 18th century Moravian Missionaries and archaeological remains from 3 strategic sites across Labrador,
I aim to identify the activities and agency of Inuit women during this dynamic period. The application of gender and
identity theory will be integral to the interpretation of gendered artifacts, help to avoid imposing a set of modern
assumptions of gender roles on the behaviour and practices of past cultures and will add to our understanding of the
Enurmino, Alkatvaam, and from the cities of Pevek and Anadyr. The main results of the survey are as follows: (1) most
indigenous respondents strongly support teaching Native languages to their children at school; (2) in rural communities, the
status of Native languages is commonly much stronger, particularly among the adults; (3) Native languages are endangered
among the city residents and in the district hubs; (4) there are more children not knowing their native tongues than adults
social changes in communal houses.
capable of speaking them; and (5) most of the parents view the school system as the best venue to preserve the Native
Dawson, Jackie; Johnston, Margaret and Stewart, Emma
of language classes at all levels within the current school curriculum. Only rare few argue that Native languages are to
University of Ottawa, jackie.dawson@uottawa.ca, Canada; Lakehead University, Canada
Cruise Tourism as an Emerging Economic Opportunity in Arctic Canada
The Canadian Arctic is undergoing extraordinary environmental and developmental transformations. The region has
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University of Toronto, adrienne.davidson@mail.utoronto.ca, Canada
ice extent and thickness. Biophysical changes occurring in the region are impacting social and political systems and
languages. They want their languages being taught from kinder-garden to high-school and their concern is the shortage
be supported in the family as well. More than half of the respondents, even those fluent in Native languages, do not use
it at home, thus leaving the responsibility to the school system. The critical step is to return the quest for Native language
preservation to the family. The paper describes recent efforts undertaken in Chukotka in support of Native languages.
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Dolitsky, Alexander B.
Alaska-Siberia Research Center, adolitsky@gci.net, USA
An Overview of the Traditional Oral Narratives From Chukotka and Kamchatka
This paper is an overview of the traditional narrative stories of the indigenous people of the Chukchi and Kamchatka
Peninsulas. The paper endeavors to relate not only the major genres, motifs, and subject matters of the Siberian Yupik,
CIÉRA, Universite Laval, louis-jacques.dorais@ant.ulaval.ca, Canada
Are Inuit Words For Leaders as Numerous as Inuit Words For Snow?
Most if not all dialects of the Inuit language did not have a word for ‘leader’, ‘chief’, ‘boss’ or ‘king’, before contact with
Europeans taught Inuit that a civilised society must be structured along hierarchical lines that enable a few to exercise
Chukchi, Kerek, Koryak, and Itelmen narrative folklore (i.e., mythical-cosmogonic and magical-heroic stories), but also
power over the mass of their fellow-creatures. As a result, Inuit had to find a way to designate in their language the
traditions of the aboriginal peoples of Chukotka and Kamchatka are discussed in this article; the genre of songs to be
fellow Inuit - who now rule over them. This was done independently in different areas of the Arctic, which leaves us
the specific aspects of the folklore of each people of the Chukotka-Kamchatka regions. Only examples of oral narrative
danced to, individual entertaining songs, and improvised songs for plays were not examined. This also applies to the
kings, presidents, chief traders, whaling captains, government cadres, and other persons in power - some of them
with a relatively important number of words - as numerous perhaps as the alleged myriad of words for ‘snow’ - that
specific genre of shamanistic exorcisms present mainly among the Chukchi and Siberian Yupik, and to riddles existing
now translate the highly civilised concept of ‘boss’. This paper will examine the meaning of some of these words from
traditions of the indigenous cultures of Chukotka and Kamchatka. The information presented in this article will be
umialik will be analysed, in order to decipher their original signification. This should enable us to better understand
comparative-typological research of oral narratives in anthropology. The information in this article is partially adapted
Douglas, Anne S.
only among the Koryaks. In addition, the paper reviews a development of the typology and classification of the oral
interesting to those fond of traditional oral narratives of the Russian Far East, as well as to specialists interested in
from Menovshchikov’s 1974 Skazki i mify narodov Chukotki i Kamchatki (Fairy Tales and Myths of the People of
Chukotka and Kamchatka), Moscow: Nauka.
Dolyniuk, Maureen
Archives of Manitoba, MDolyniuk@CHC.GOV.MB.CA, Canada
From The Shadows Into the Spotlight: A Unique Visual Record of Canada’s North is Returned to Canada
A rare collection of Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) silent films was returned to Canada in 2011 to become part of the
permanent holdings of the Hudson’s Bay Company Archives (HBCA) in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Once part of the HBC’s
Archives in London their return reunites them with the rest of the archives after more than 50 years of being apart.
The films portray northern Inuit and First Nations communities and the Hudson’s Bay Company’s operations across
northern Canada from 1919-1939. Some of the most outstanding footage can be found in what was once part of a two
hour silent film called Romance of the Far Fur Country commissioned by the Hudson’s Bay Company to celebrate
its 250th anniversary celebrations in 1920 which will be featured in this session. News of the return of the films has
splashed across national and international media in recent months creating a surge of interest in these early films
and thrusting this new resource from the shadows into the spotlight after being relatively unknown for nearly a
century. This paper will discuss the unique circumstances surrounding the return of the films from the British Film
Institute in London. It will also discuss the importance of this new resource to the holdings of HBCA, especially to
the documentation of Inuit communities and Hudson’s Bay Company operations in the north and their unlimited
value when combined with other complementary textual, photographic, cartographic and film based records in HBCA
documenting the north.
Dorais, Louis-Jacques
Greenland, the Canadian Arctic, and Alaska. Terms such as kunngi, ataniq, angajuqqaaq, sivuliqti, isumataq, and
how do Inuit perceive and imagine, at a deeper semantic level, the role and function of their leaders.
Independent Researcher, asdouglas@bell.net, Canada
“We Have Changed a Lot Since We Were Young”: The Inevitable Fragmentation of Inuit Personhood
Personhood encompasses those socially conditioned attributes that enable people to participate effectively in their
society and also predispose them to know what they can expect from one another. Societies are organised expressions
of cultural world views and represent a range of diverse ways to accommodate the interdependence between people
and the social whole. Inuit organised themselves into kinship societies. These are at once holistic, having no division
between the realms of family and work, and sociocentric - the survival of the whole group comes before individual
needs. Customary Inuit personhood was highly complex and embodied a high degree of personal agency. Each Inuk
participated in reciprocal kinship obligations that, taken in totality, comprised all the rules for social order. At the
same time Inuit had ample leeway for individual autonomy, given the primacy of the group’s needs. These attributes
held moral value: “It was hard but it was good”. As Inuit continue their transition to organisations that originate in
Westernised societies of necessity they forfeit essential attributes of their personhood. Firstly, the objectives of economic
growth and individual competition imperil group cooperation. Secondly, the dualistic separation of family and work,
with the prioritising of the latter, undermines the Inuit emphasis on family interrelationships. More to the point, Inuit
compromise the scope of both their personal agency and customary autonomy when they comply with the inevitable
‘external regulations’. This paper is based on experience and discussions in a Nunavut community over a twenty year span.
Dowsley, Martha
MES-Northern Environments and Cultures, Lakehead University, mdowsley@lakeheadu.ca
Women, Work and Sovereignty in Baffin Island
In many Nunavut communities, Inuit women are taking on wage work at higher rates than men, while still serving
CIÉRA, Universite Laval, louis-jacques.dorais@ant.ulaval.ca, Canada
as the primary child and elder care providers in their families. Their traditional roles in the production aspects of
Based on a three-year research project (2007-10) conducted in Quaqtaq, a small (ca. 350 residents) Nunavik village, this
dramatically. What sovereignty means at the local level is therefore evolving in light of adaptations to modern
their daily practices and preoccupations result from the clash between six principal sources of Inuit identity (as defined
Arctic regions. This gendered and generational look at economic and social development gives insight into some of
by integrating these seemingly contradictory cultural and social elements that the young should be able to define for
simultaneously being enacted by women in small communities across the Arctic.
Some Features of Young People Identity in Quaqtaq, Nunavik
paper will describe and discuss how young Inuit (15-25 years of age) experience their identity. It will be shown that
by previous research in the same community) and their counter-influences stemming from the outside world. It is
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Dorais, Louis-Jacques
the economy in the fur trade and on the land are declining and their relationship with the environment is changing
employment and living conditions. As well, Nunavut women are less likely to emigrate than their peers in other
the struggles of communities in Nunavut, and the patterns and complexities of adaptation and resilience that are
themselves a balanced and productive identity.
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Drozda, Robert
University of Alaska Fairbanks, rmdrozda@alaska.edu, USA
Speaking Of Fish: Shifting Terminology and the Documentation of Natural Resources Among the
Nuniwarmiut
Nunivak Islanders (Nuniwarmiut or Cupiit) report Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus; atgiiyar) was a significant,
consistent and primary subsistence resource during the first half of the 20th century. The fish disappeared from near-
island Bering Sea waters about 1950 and did not reappear until the 1980s, and then in a diminished state. This dramatic
change in the Nuniwarmiut subsistence economy has been unrecognized by outside researchers and Alaska fisheries
managers. The distinctiveness of the Nunivak environment, its residents, and dialects are frequently overshadowed
by, or considered homogeneously with, the larger General Central Yup’ik region and language. Also, there is a lack
to fish by the Nuniwarmiut. These factors have led to serious errors in primary reference works. This presentation
summarizes a recent cooperative study on the historic and contemporary use of Pacific cod and other species at
Nunivak. Emphasizing unique lexicon, especially with respect to natural resources and taxonomy, expands our
knowledge of the Nuniwarmiut and reveals the importance of their threatened language in identifying species and
for understanding resource use and the peoples’ relationships to the land and seascape.
Druckenmiller, Matthew L.; Brower, Lewis
National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, druckenmiller@nsidc.org, USA
North Slope Borough Department of Search and Rescue, USA
Monitoring Sea Ice Conditions in Northern Alaska From the Perspectives of Both Iñupiat Whalers and
Geoscientists
This presentation will discuss an ongoing project (2007-present) at Barrow, Alaska to characterize coastal sea ice
conditions during traditional Iñupiat spring whaling, when hunters build access trails across variable and deformed
shorefast ice. In collaboration with hunters, trails are systematically mapped and continuously surveyed for ice thickness.
Trail maps and satellite imagery are provided to the community for use during the hunt. Thickness surveys monitor the
distribution of different ice types while hunter interviews reveal how ice and environmental conditions influence safety
and hunting strategies. Relating quantitative measurements to the nuanced expert knowledge of hunters is a significant
challenge for providing useful science-derived information to the community. However, involving young hunters in
future data collection efforts may provide a solution toward linking seemingly disparate types of information. Barrow
and other communities in the region have safely and successfully continued their springtime hunts as ice conditions have
changed over the last 30 years. Continuing this project may address whether Arctic communities, like Barrow, that have
coped with such change and variability may be more adaptive to future environmental change than communities located
in less dynamic, less variable environments. This presentation will discuss the importance of a humanistic perspective on
the state of arctic sea ice where the benefits provided to communities (a place for hunting, buffer of coastal erosion, etc.)
are the defining characteristics. In this context, efforts to understand whether the arctic system is transitioning into a new
regime will require interfacing science and indigenous knowledge.
Duchemin-Pelletier, Florence
University Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, duchemin.florence@wanadoo.fr, France
Changes In Contemporary Inuit Art: French Collectors Would R ather Learn Their Lesson From the Past
Since the XIXth century and the advent of Orientalism and Primitivism, the Western world has been longing for the ‘Other’,
a counter-model that meets the antipodes and gives shape to the possible alternatives. French art lovers of the 21th century
are not an exception, especially when it comes to collecting aboriginal arts. Contemporary Inuit art may not be the most
reject every change in Inuit art. Nevertheless, and sometimes ironically, most of them are still building categories that
distinguish the ‘authentic’ from the ‘acculturated’ and decide which works belong to one or the other. While sculptures by
Lucy Tasseor shall be embedded with ‘true Inuit’ qualities such as inner strength and formal economy of means, works by
David Ruben Piqtoukun would be described as way too sophisticated. This paper aims at showing that such distinctions
- that have also long been prevalent in North America - do not only deal with the formal qualities of the works. They are
deeply linked to what collectors think is the true self of the Inuit, the latter being considered as ‘genetically engraved’ for
centuries and reactivated through the artistic process. The qualities of the so-called authentic Inuit are thus erected as a
model of life, an ideal of purity fighting the negative values of the Western world.
Dunning, Norma
University of Alberta, dunningl@ualberta.ca, Canada
A Disc-Less Inuk
The ‘Eskimo Identification Canada’ system, which existed in Canada for thirty-seven years and is acknowledged as the
forerunner to the Social Insurance Number, stopped being used in 1971. What has not been acknowledged by Canadian
governments or educational institutions is the effect of the disc system on the Inuit peoples themselves. Within the
last twelve years, songstresses Lucie Idlout and Susan Aglukark have recorded and released their perspectives on the
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of perception among linguists, anthropologists and biologists of the names, both common and Native language, given
draw an unsubtle portrait of these collectors: they are not inevitably mainstream art haters and they do not systematically
impact of the disc system. Idlout’s line, “You imposed your name number,” conveys the sense of the Inuit as being a
faceless, generic group as their personal names and lineage are erased. Aglukark’s song, “E186” states that although
change can be ‘a friend to all,’ changes can be the fall, if you define a people with a number on a chain. Inuit artists, I
argue, put forth the truth of this aspect of Canada’s silenced northern history. Abraham Okpik once said, “A hungry
stomach has no rules!” and the bellies of Inuit writers and their life experiences growl boldly for inclusion. As a
beneficiary of Nunavut and a Master’s student at the only Faculty of Native Studies in Canada, and as an Inuk whose
mother never received a disc, I explore in this paper the important artistic commentary of two Inuit artists on the
government-enforced system. Inuit artists, I argue, carry out the much needed and neglected work of representation and
interpretation of the human impacts of a draconian and sadly accepted method of herding and tagging.
Dutheil, April and Tester, Frank
University of British Columbia, april.diamond.dutheil@hotmail.com, Canada
Passport to Nowhere: Barriers To Political Participation for Inuit Youth
Inuit youth live a life of “double jeopardy”. As youth their voice is devalued. As Inuit from a cultural minority with
values, practices and material circumstances often different from a predominantly western-European Canadian culture,
they struggle to be heard. Inuit youth have important roles to play in the future of Arctic environments increasingly
subject to global resource and other development pressures with cultural, social justice and environmental implications.
Paramount among these is climate change. The voice of Inuit youth is important, as is that of young people in South
countries subject to resource development pressures from a mining industry sometimes seen as a foundation for economic
development while being, at the same time, a source of considerable controversy. This paper is a case study based on the
experience of Inuit youth applying for passports to attend the COP17 United Nations Conference on Climate Change
in Durban South Africa. Supporting northern youth and their attendance at international forums dealing with climate
change is an investment in the political capacity of young Inuit leaders and Inuit society. The experience of applying for a
Canadian Government passport reveals the institutional constraints and highlights material and other circumstances that
discriminate against their participation in events essential to developing the experience they need to participate in making
decisions about their social, cultural and economic future. The paper illustrates how institutional forms and structures
created with a Canadian totality in mind, limit the rights and expression of Inuit living in isolated arctic communities.
fashionable trend in Paris, but it stills gathers a certain number of enthusiasts. It would be caricatural, if not inaccurate, to
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Easton, Penelope
Impact of Governmental Agencies on Loss of Native Food Culture in Territorial Alaska, 1948-1950
Knowledge of indigenous food sources and tribal wisdom are vital for cultural and nutritional health of Native people.
In the last years of Territorial government, Alaska’s Native children in orphanages suffered an environment derisive of
the benefits of societal organization surrounding food harvest, storage/preparation, dictated by individuals lacking an
appreciation of the nutritional and cultural contribution of indigenous foods themselves. In 1948, as a Dietary Consultant
for the Territorial Alaska Health Department, I recorded the that the loss of sophisticated Native adaptations to arctic
climates was affected by: epidemics of tuberculosis/measles and the resulting number of orphanages; World War II
instillations; commercialization of indigenous resources; and the prevailing philosophy of English emersion for language
and food. Training teachers and health professionals who worked in Alaska for brief two year terms was lacking. Few
to eat when he goes home?” The Alaska Health Department Nutrition Unit, Extension Service and enlightened educators
increased efforts to teach respect for Native foodways by developing specific materials for eighteen different regional food
patterns. Scientists increased nutrient analyses of Alaska indigenous and garden-grown foods. Some orphanages, hospitals
and schools worked to retain Native foodways. The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971 helped to rejuvenate tribal
pride in food culture. Many village schools teach Native food lore using instructors raised during the boarding school era,
but the tragic loss of their Elders meant valuable information may have been lost forever.
Elias, Albert and Charles Arnold
The Schooner Era in Twentieth Century Inuvialuit History
Starting in the 1920s many Inuvialuit living in the western Canadian Arctic began acquiring wind- and motor-powered
vessels capable of plying the waters of the Beaufort Sea. Locally referred to as ‘schooners’, these boats expanded the
territorial reach of the Inuvialuit, transformed the nature of the fur trade, and contributed to cultural resiliency. This
paper examines the Inuvialuit schooner era from the perspective of historical documentation and personal experiences.
Research Collaborator, Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian Institution, bengelstad@aol.com, USA
Inuinnait Clothing: The Cadzow Collection at the National Museum of the American Indian
With its fine tailoring, distinctive style, and design elements identifying men’s, women’s and children’s clothing, the
caribou fur clothing of the Inuinnait (Copper Inuit) made a striking impression on early explorers, missionaries, traders,
and ethnographers. The residual presence of a formal complex of dance and shamanistic clothing among the Inuinnait unique in the Canadian Arctic - suggests that this clothing form may actually provide the design paradigm for regional
clothing styles throughout the central Canadian Arctic. The NMAI collection, acquired by Donald Cadzow in 1919,
represents one of the last collections of traditional caribou fur clothing from this area, prior to its eventual disappearance
in the 1920s. Graphic art created by Inuinnait elders, Helen Kalvak and Mark Emerak, from the Holman/ Ulukhaktok
community preserves the memory of this clothing style while also providing creative insights and reflections on its design
and symbolic function.
Enuaraq, Susan
Senior Instructor at Nunavut Arctic College, Nunavut, Canada
Is Inuit Oral History Credible?
Inuit have been studied by outsiders for a few centuries. For those in the fields of Humanities and know about the Inuit you
might know the definition of an Inuk family: A man, a woman, 4 kids, 8 dogs and an anthropologist. Inuit continue to be
studied by people in fields such as statistics, medicine and so forth. Instead of studying Inuit traditional practices such as
cosmology and family structures the modern day Inuit see studies on our food, land, language, our contemporary lives such
as our social well being and ills. These research conducted has mostly been done by non-Inuit. As a child many in the last 3
generations including our generation grew up thinking that the Euro-Canadian ways were better. Inuit where told their
culture and beliefs should no longer be practiced because efforts to assimilate or by the Christianization of Inuit. It is with this
mindset that this paper is written. I challenge this mindset in the academic world. Does it continue the colonialist mindset
Elias, Edna; Daveluy, Michelle and Lévesque, Francis
when I, as an Inuk, always have to refer to the written word rather than relying on my ancestor’s knowledge stemming from
Université Laval, Michelle.Daveluy@ant.ulaval.ca, Canada
Epoo, Brenda; Sakiagak, Lissie and Montgomery-Andersen, Ruth
Commissioner of Nunavut, nunavutcommissioner@gov.nu.ca, Canada
Université Laval, francis.levesque.2@ulaval.ca, Canada
Leading By Example: The Life and Times of Nunavut Commissioner Edna Elias
This presentation draws on a book project that explores the life and times of current Commissioner of Nunavut, Edna Elias.
During a career as a language and community development specialist, she has had the opportunity to work and live in
the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Alberta. Originally from Kugluktuk where she was a teacher, a school principal
and then the mayor, she served as Co-Chair of the Northwest Territories Aboriginal Language Task Force, and oversaw
the delivery of Aboriginal and Official Language services in the Northwest Territories. After the creation of Nunavut,
she worked as an interpreter in the Legislative Assembly. In 2000, she brought her leadership skills to Alberta where
she was the Supervisor at Family and Community Support Services in High Level. She also created the Edmonton Inuit
Cultural Society (Elias 2011)1. She is now planning to raise money for the Alberta Cancer Foundation by walking across
the Coronation Gulf in May 2012. Everywhere she has been, Edna Elias has chosen to lead by example by promoting her
language and culture as well as by helping others. The role of Commissioner - which is to exercise power by acting as a
symbol of the territory and supporting the values of its citizens - thus suits her perfectly well. This presentation will briefly
introduce Commissioner Elias life story but will also explore her experience working on the publication of her life story as
well as her conception of leadership and what kind of leadership she thinks is needed in Nunavut today.
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printed materials describing Alaska foodways were available. Physicians and nurses asked, “What can I tell Native patients
Engelstad, Bernadette Driscoll
oral traditions? When will we have the same credibility? Is an Inuk’s knowledge of her world sufficient?
PhD Scholar at the Nordic School of Public Health Project Director of the Inuulluataarneq CBPR Project, Ilisimatusarfik/University
of Greenland, rumo@uni.gl, Greenland
Caring and Learning for Our Own: Midwifery in Nunavik
The Inuulitsivik maternal and child health program has provided midwifery services and education to the population
of Nunavik?s Hudson Coast since 1986. The program grew out of the communities’ determination to bring birth back to
the North and reclaim Inuit culture. Services have been shaped by traditional values and the realities of remote northern
practice. Inuulitsivik is known for successfully integrating an Inuit led initiative into the public health care system. The
demand for culturally sensitive maternity care has been met because locally educated midwives provide complete primary
maternity care in their own language. While deeply rooted in Inuit culture, Inuulitsivik midwifery education has evolved
as a unique weave of diverse midwifery and health care approaches. Inuulitsiviup Nutarataatitsijingita Ilisarningata
Aulagusing, the midwifery education program, is a hands- on, competency based program which, upon completion, entitles
its graduates to practice as licensed registered midwives in the province of Quebec. The program was officially recognized
by the Order of Midwives of Quebec (OSFQ) and the Quebec Ministry of Health in 2008. INIA has set a precedent
worldwide as one of the first programs where traditional ways of learning and knowing midwifery are recognized along
side a university education. Our presentation will tell some of the story and the statistics of bringing birth back to our
communities. Through shared discussion of the meaning, the vision, and challenges facing the maternities at this time, we
hope to provide inspiration and a sound model of maternity care for other remote regions around the world.
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Ewins, Peter and Orr, Jack
WWF-Canada (Arctic Program), pewins@wwfcanada.org, Canada
Identifying Important Areas for Narwhal Using Inuit and Scientific Knowledge
A multi-partner approach utilizing local, traditional and scientific approaches is allowing identification of key areas for
Narwhal at different stages of their annual cycle. Satellite radio transmitters allow great insights to winter-spring activities
of Narwhal in deep waters of Baffin Bay, far away from coasts and people, but areas of interest now for oil-gas exploration,
industrial fishing, and increased shipping. WWF profiles the weekly positions of narwhal on a global website to help
communicate to broad audiences narwhal conservation needs, and also the importance of narwhal to Inuit communities.
Fabbi, Nadine C.
Policy & Spatial Activism of Arctic Indigenous Peoples
The purpose of this paper is to understand the relationship between new concepts of territory in international relations
theory, particularly as these theories relate to the Arctic region; and emerging Arctic foreign and educational policies.
The nation-state has traditionally been used as the primary unit for political analysis. However, since the Cold War,
transnational Arctic organizations such as the Arctic Council, University of the Arctic, and those of Arctic Indigenous
peoples have been framing the Arctic as a new space that transcends nation-state borders. These emerging concepts of
territory are critical to furthering the interests of these organizations including social justice issues such as educational
attainment. As American political scientist Nancy Fraser (2009) argues, how we map political space will determine “whose
interests ought to count” (p. 2). By “redrawing” political borders, Arctic interest groups have been able to enhance their
voice and influence in political affairs. The effectiveness of these efforts is increasingly being recognized. In March 2010
The Economist published an article about how the Inuit are controlling natural resource development in the Arctic noting,
“although they are only a small minority - an estimated 160,000 of them are spread across the Arctic - they have achieved a
degree of power.” This research will argue that new concepts for territory in the Arctic region are one way for non-nationstate actors to successfully achieve power and thereby further their goals.
Fay, Amelia
Memorial University, aemfay@mun.ca, Canada
The One Percent: Exploring the Haves and Have Nots of the Inuit Coastal Trade Network During the
18th Century, Labrador
In Labrador, the 18th century is marked by intensive Inuit-European contact with the seasonal fisheries, merchants
operating in the south, and Moravian missionaries establishing themselves in the north. By this time the Labrador Inuit
had a well-established coastal trade network that moved European goods north along the coast in exchange for baleen,
whale oil, and furs. Initially this network was thought to be facilitated by Inuit ‘bigman’ traders, typically men of high
status within Inuit society who were either great hunters or shamans. It now appears that entire families participated
in this trade network and recent archaeological investigations suggest wealth disparities among Labrador Inuit families.
While in some cases these discrepancies can be explained by the choice to accumulate European goods or not, in others it
seems that certain families had better access to high quality European materials. This paper will demonstrate consumer
inequality among the Inuit using archaeological and ethnohistoric data from the Nain and Hamilton Inlet areas.
Felt, Lawrence and Natcher, David
Memorial University, lfelt@mun.ca, Canada
University of Saskatchewan, david.natcher@usask.ca, Canada
Nunatsiavut at 6: Challenges and Opportunities of a Recent Inuit Land Claims Government
this formative period with special emphasis upon the influence of (a) factors embedded in its formation as a regional land
claims government and (b) the emergence of largely unanticipated issues that are likely to influence the future evolution
of the government throughout the next decade. As a northern Inuit land claims government, Nunatsiavut arose within an
institutional configuration of ‘government to government structure,’ limited opportunity to modify government programs
to its own requirements and other features shared with Nunavut and other northern land claims governments. In addition,
Nunatsiavut was unique in its being the only ‘ethnic’ northern aboriginal government in which citizenship/membership was
determined by ethnicity rather than geographical residence. While these and related ‘foundational’ features have influenced
the government’s evolution, a number of largely unanticipated and emergent issues have arisen as well that offer additional
challenges and opportunities for the new government. This paper provides an overview of Nunatsiavut government within
a wider environment of aboriginal northern governance to review its first six years, highlight lessons learned, and project
both known and largely unanticipated challenges and opportunities for the new government during the next decade.
Fienup-Riordan, Ann and John, Mark
Calista Elders Council, riordan@alaska.net, USA
Linking Local and Global: Yup ’ik Elders Working Together With One Mind
Our presentation will describe a decade of work with the Calista Elders Council (CEC), a non-profit organization
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University of Washington, nfabbi@uw.edu, USA
aboriginal regional government in the Eastern Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. This paper explores
representing the 1,300 Yup’ik tradition bearers of the Yukon-Kuskokwim delta in southwest Alaska. CEC is the major
research organization for the region and is active in documenting Yup’ik traditional knowledge. CEC was established
in 1991 by Calista (the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act profit corporation for the Yukon-Kuskokwim delta). Mark
John (originally from the Nelson Island community of Toksook Bay) became executive director in 1997, and he invited
anthropologist Ann Fienup-Riordan to work with him in 1999. Under John’s leadership, guided by a nine-member board
of elders, the CEC developed a program to address cultural issues, including rapid loss of traditional knowledge. Since
2000, these documentation efforts have been supported in part by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF)
and have resulted in ten major publications, a museum exhibition, two websites, as well as numerous papers and public
presentations. Along with these products, CEC has developed a collaborative approach that continues to allow non-Native
natural and social scientists and Yup’ik community members to work together both documenting and sharing knowledge
in new ways. Our presentation will describe both the strengths and limitations of this approach in accomplishing elders’
primary goal, that is, ensuring that their view of the world continue a living tradition. We hope to go beyond the technical
and pragmatic aspects of data management to address ethical and social issues of sharing knowledge.
Fitch, Sheree and Bernadette Miqqusaaq Dean
Author, Nova Scotia, sheree.fitch153@gmail.com, Canada
Cultural Historian, Activist, Filmmaker, Traditional Arts, Rankin Inlet, Nunavut
Somebody’s Daughter : Using Poetry & Prose & Sinew in a Land -Based Literacy Program Sheree Fitch met Miqqusaaq Bernadette Dean in 1990 in Pond Inlet when Fitch was a visiting author in a literacy
fundraiser spearheaded by the journalist and CBC Radio host, the late Peter Gzowksi. A few years later, Fitch returned
to the north to teach a creative writing program at Arctic College where Bernadette was a participant. Almost a decade
later, when Dean developed a land-based literacy program for Inuit women, creating a camp where they could reclaim
the traditions of their elders going out on the land, sewing and sharing their stories, she asked Fitch to facilitate the
writing component of the program. Using creative writing exercises that connected their experience and their heritage,
the authentic writing that resulted was testimony to the healing power of narrative and the curative power of the land.
In the third year of the program,Margaret Atwood joined the camp and has written about the initiative for UNESCO.
A slide presentation will accompany the talk and the two friends and colleagues will answer questions. The Eastern Canadian Inuit Land Claims government of Nunatsiavut recently celebrated its sixth anniversary as an
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Fitzhugh, William W.
momentum through the growing national interest in the topic, the project has become a complex and exciting journey
Archaeology of the Southern Inuit on the Quebec Lower North Shore
curriculum consultant: to begin forming historical narratives informed by Inuit perspectives; connecting with survivors
Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian Institution, Fitzhugh@si.edu, USA
The nature and extent of the Inuit occupation of the Strait of Belle Isle, Newfoundland, and the northern Gulf of St.
Lawrence coast has been controversial for more than a century. First addressed by Gosling and other historians from the
perspective of history, a feisty debate culminated in the late 1970s with the Etudes/Inuit/Studies publication by Charles
Martijn and Norman Clermont (1980). Since then new research in southern Labrador and the Quebec’s Lower North
Shore has identified a growing number of Inuit winter sites. Four of those found between Blanc Sablon and Harrington
Harbor demonstrate occupations between the late 16th to early 18th centuries, a time with the Little Ice Age may have
facilitated Inuit subsistence adaptations. Of these the Hare Harbor site on Petit Mecatina has provided a detailed picture
archaeological evidence and suggests accommodation with European agents appears to have evolved following earlier
confrontational relations, although in the end competition and confrontation resulted in Inuit abandonment of these regions. Fitzhugh, William W.
Henry B. Collins and the Emergence of Eskimo Archaeology
In 1926, during Henry Collins’ first year at the Smithsonian Institution, Therkel Mathiassen had just published the
first professional report on Arctic archaeology (Archaeology of the Central Eskimo) and Collins had completed his
first fieldwork in Alaska with T. Dale Stewart. During the next decade Collins’ Archaeology of St. Lawrence Island
and subsequent publications proved Boas wrong and Mathiassen right about the Alaskan/Bering Sea origin of Eskimo
cultures. Collins then turned to refine Mathiassen’s work in the Central Arctic and laid the foundations for Palaeoeskimo
studies in Canada. The field of Arctic archaeology was just beginning. This paper will profile Collins’ work and early
training and will identify the interplay between ethnology, physical anthropology, folklore, and linguistic studies
as they contributed to—or confused—the development of Arctic archaeology. This review will also consider Collins’
relationships with other scholars including Ales Hrdlicka, Helge Larsen, Kaj Birket-Smith, Diamond Jenness, and
Frederica deLaguna who were also instrumental in the development of Collins’ career and scholarly contributions.
Fitzhugh, William W and Pratt, Kenneth L.
Bureau of Indian Affairs, Kenneth.Pratt@bia.gov, USA
Unveiling the Alaska Field Journals of Edward W. Nelson, 1877-1881
Between 1877 and 1881, Smithsonian Institution naturalist Edward W. Nelson conducted ethnographic and natural history
fieldwork in Alaska and Siberia. He collected an incredibly rich body of data, much of which was published in two
monographs that have long been available to Arctic scholars. But Nelson’s original field notes were not located until 1992,
when his journals were unexpectedly found intermixed with the records of one of his Smithsonian colleagues. They can
now be accessed on the Smithsonian Institution website at http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/nelson/. We broadly
describe the journals’ contents and highlight their relevance to research concerning indigenous languages and landscapes.
Fowler, Elizabeth
Curriculum Development Consultant – Nunavut, lizfowler@theedge.ca, Canada
Developing History Curriculum Bilingually, Locally and From Inuit Perspectives
The forthcoming Inuit residential schools histories unit is an exemplar of the ground-breaking process of developing
curriculum bilingually, locally and from Inuit perspectives. In 2011 the Departments of Education in Nunavut and the
Northwest Territories began collaborating with the Legacy of Hope Foundation on development of this project. Gaining
willing to contribute their memories and perspectives; collecting, processing and translating histories in Inuktitut as well
as English; identifying aspects of the history that are similar or distinct from peoples in other parts of Canada and the
world; and, designing school-based activities that engage students constructively. Each step of the project has had personal
as well as professional learning opportunities for the project participants. Building on existing models as well as leveraging
northern resources and processes, the guiding purpose of this work is to help turn painful legacies into opportunities for
northern students to learn about history that is relevant to their communities, and in turn envision a more hopeful future.
Fugmann, Gerlis
University of Saskatchewan, gerlis.fugmann@usask.ca, Canada
Self-Determination and Resource Development: Participation In Resource Extraction Industries In
Nunatsiavut
The exploitation of natural resources has been the basis of the economy in Nunatsiavut for decades. Fisheries has been
developed into a commercial activity since the 19th century and the mining industry is showing an increased interest
in the region. The Torngat Fish Producers Cooperative, the Nunatsiavut Group of Companies (successor of the Labrador
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of Inuit life at a site occupation intermittently by Basque/European whalers and fishermen. This paper presents new
into curriculum development. This presentation outlines the development process in Nunavut, led by a bilingual Inuit
Inuit Development Corporation), local businesses and, since 2006, the Nunatsiavut Government have developed into
important players that participate in these activities in the region and created employment and income for local residents
and contribute to bottom-up development from within the region. The extent and success of their contributions as well
as the effect that recent changes with the signing of the Labrador Inuit Land Claim Agreement and the introduction of
the regional and local self-government institutions had on the participation of these regional stakeholders in the resource
extracting industries like fishing and mining are being reviewed in this paper. While an increase in the participation
is noticeable, several of the projects have faced difficult economic and financial situations that limited the effects these
initiatives could have had on the region in terms of job creation and generating income. New restructuring attempts
especially with the Nunatsiavut Group of Companies still have to prove their success in the future. An expansion of the
bottom-up development is however necessary to ensure a sustainable economic future for the region. The paper is based
on the PhD project of the author in Nunatsiavut.
Ganley, Matt
Bering Straits Native Corporation, mganley@beringstraits.com, USA
The Drawings of Peter Kakarak
During the early 1970’s, Dr. Laurel Bland was working in the area of Alaska’s Seward Peninsula compiling historic site
information and collecting oral testimony about the history of the Qawiaramiut. Peter Kakarak, a Qawiaramiut reindeer
herder and oral historian, assisted Dr. Bland in the fieldwork and also drew pictures depicting the past and current
lifeways of his people. While the purpose of the drawings was to illustrate particular points in Qawiaramiut history
or aspects of local culture, the illustrations also offer a unique and detailed representation of the landscapes of the
Qawiaramiut homeland. This paper will present the history of the Kakarak drawings and discuss the connections between
the drawings, the oral history of the Qawiaramiut, and representations of the local landscape.
Garakani, Tatiana
École nationale d’administration publique, tatiana.garakani@enap.ca, Canada
Adapting Research Tools and Methods to Enhance Participation In Action-Research on Resilience and
School Success of Inuit Students in Nunavik, Canada
This presentation draws from an ongoing participatory action-research project on resilience and school success of Inuit
students in Nunavik, Canada. The objectives of this three year research project are : to understand the pedagogical
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practices and perception of Inuit and Quallunaat (non-Inuit) teachers, and the influence of these perceptions on resilience
and school success of the Inuit students; to understand the protective factors enabling students’ resilience and success in
the classroom; to propose pedagogical methods and tools adapted and relevant to the context and experiences of students
and teachers; to enhance the reflective process amongst the research participants and their skills in participatory research.
This presentation reports the findings of the initial phase of the project. It elaborates the challenges of adapting theoretical
research models to local contexts. It explains how composite indicators of success and resilience were developed to reflect
the realities of the Inuit communities, and how tools such as digital stories, online virtual spaces, journal diaries, live
streaming and mentoring were used both as data collection methods and a means of enhancing involvement of research
participants.
Gearheard, Shari and Jaypoody, Mike
Ittaq Heritage and Research Centre, Canada
“Holy Cow - Inuit in Nepal!”: A High Latitude-High Altitude Exchange on Culture and Environment
In early 2012, three Inuit from Kangiqtugaapik, Nunavut, travelled to Nepal, visiting Kathmandu and the remote Tsum
Valley near the Tibetan border. The visit was part of an NSF-funded exchange project that brought Inuit, Nepalese, and
Tsumbas (people from Tsum Valley) together to share their knowledge and experiences with environmental change.
Inuit and Tsumbas both depend in many ways on snow and ice, and that snow and ice is changing rapidly. After visiting
with each other, the groups realized that they share more than a changing physical environment, but also challenges
from quickly changing social, political, and economic landscapes. This presentation complements a short film based
on the exchange submitted to the conference film festival by young Inuit filmmaker Mike Jaypoody called, “Holy Cow
- Inuit in Nepal!” In the presentation we will share our reflections on the exchange experience and on the approach of
bringing local experts from very different global regions together to share culture, history, future hopes and plans, and
strategies for living in a rapidly changing world.
Geller, Peter
University of the Fraser Valley, peter.geller@ufv.ca, Canada
Life Story of an Eskimo: Representing the Inuit in The Romance of the Far Fur Country
Early moving pictures of the Inuit, from the Edison films staged at the ‘Esquimaux Village’ at the Pan-American Exposition
in Buffalo in 1901 to Robert Flaherty’s widely influential Nanook of the North (shot in Hudson Bay and released in 1922), are
important visual elements in establishing a popular view of the Inuit. This paper will explore the portrayal of Inuit in the
Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC) sponsored film, The Romance of the Far Fur Country (1920), situating these early moving
images of the Canadian north in the context of this history of representation. Sailing north on the Nascopie, the HBC’s
eastern arctic supply ship, cinematographers Harold Wyckoff and Bill Derr recorded images of shiptime and life around the
HBC posts of Wolsentholme (Ivujivik), Port Burwell (Killiniq) and Lake Harbour (Kimmurit). What makes The Romance
of the Far Fur Country so remarkable is that these scenes were woven together into a short picture story, Reminisces/Life
Story of an Eskimo (which was also distributed as a one-reel film, A Tale of the Fur North). Utilizing the services of Anglican
missionary and linguist Reverend Edmund Peck (who was also a passenger on the Nascopie in 1919), Inuktitut syllabics were
incorporated into the film’s intertitles. This use of Inukitut is particularly intriguing, suggesting how the film’s texts and
images worked together to present both authenticity and exoticism in its representation of the Inuit.
Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, esther.levesque@uqtr.ca, jose.gerin-lajoie@uqtr.ca, Canada
Institut national de la recherche scientifique-ETE, Canada
Kativik School Board, Canada
Implementing Environmental Monitoring Through Hands-On Learning Activities In Science and
Technology Curriculum For Nunavik High Schools: A Dream Come True
After working with science teachers in Nunavik and Nunavut for approximately four years involving them in
environmental monitoring, researchers were asked to develop a better package to keep students’ interest throughout the
year. Teachers were often overwhelmed by their workload and some did not want to stay involved in this project unless
it was part of the school curriculum. In order to address this situation and to ensure data continuity of berry productivity
and sea/river ice cover, the researchers decided to team up, met with the Kativik School Board in Nunavik, and initiated a
new project. The five main objectives were: 1) to set up a long term environmental monitoring program through hands-on
learning activities (HOLAs) that could be integrated into the Science and Technology curriculum; 2) to support teacher’s
efforts by developing adapted course material; 3) to spark interest for environmental sciences among Inuit Youth; 4) to
preserve and centralize datasets; and 5) to encourage sharing of information and knowledge. Funds were obtained to
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University of Colorado at Boulder, National Snow and Ice Data Center, shari.gearheard@nsidc.org, Canada
Gérin-Lajoie, José; Lévesque, Esther; Gauthier, Yves; McMullen, Dave; Samson, Ghislain
and Bernier, Monique
develop educational material integrating simple monitoring protocols of berries, snow and ice, local and traditional
knowledge as well as Inuktitut vocabulary to better relate the students to their environment. These HOLAs have been
reviewed by various specialists. A Web portal, Avativut, is in development. It represents a central tool to store all resources
and it supports a forum. Researchers present the results of the HOLAs’ first phase of implementation throughout Nunavik.
They discuss the obstacles they encountered and the keys to success.
Gladstone, Joshua
Carleton University, jgladsto@connect.carleton.ca, Canada
The Promise and the Price: Economic Decision-Making in the Post-Claims North
Comprehensive land claims and self-government agreements are primary instruments of decolonization and self-
determination in Northern Canada. For Inuit, the implementation of these agreements create the conditions for Inuit
economic self-reliance within the global economy. In this paper, the role of the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement
in establishing the conditions for Inuit self-reliance is examined historically, taking into account changing Inuit
perspectives on political and economic autonomy over time. We suggest that the implementation of the NLCA can
be seen as a mechanism of rational economic planning, establishing institutions that redirect capital flows in favour
of different regional economic actors. We illustrate this point with reference to the implementation of land ownership,
employment, and contracting provisions of the NLCA. From this perspective, we argue that the dominant constitutional
vision of comprehensive land claims agreements would benefit from an exploration of alternative interpretations of the
implementation process that account for the role and agency of social actors. One such interpretation recognizes that the
source of political legitimacy for social and economic policies is the land claim citizen. This category is contrasted with the
source of constitutional legitimacy: the land claim beneficiary. Consent for implementation policies was not given at the
time the treaty was signed; rather, consent is given on an ongoing basis as decisions about the course of future events is
decided through dialogue among citizens. The implications of this interpretation are examined in light of the overlapping
roles of Inuit and state organizations in the development of human capabilities.
Goldring, Philip
Philip Goldring and Associates, pgoldring@gmail.com, Canada
The Official Names of Such Places Shall Be Reviewed... and May Be Changed? : Government Policy and
Traditional Inuit Names in Nunavut
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Since the end of the 16th century, newcomers to the Canadian Arctic have mapped and named even quite small features
in a way designed to promote the political, social and linguistic priorities of non-Inuit. This naming explicitly fostered
Island attracts more than a few hundred people a year, to visit and ‘trek’ to the rugged mountains and glaciers in Auyuittuk
the claims of authorities outside the region to manage lands and waters and to define their importance to a wider
National Park. Private ventures are few, typified by the Bathurst Lodge run by an experienced white outsider, the Avaalaq
a descriptive, pragmatic way. This paper examines the tensions between the ‘frontier’ and ‘homeland’ perspectives in
in Cape Dorset. Cruise ship tourism is growing fast but venturing ever farther North, focusing mainly on scenery, nature
world. At the same time, Inuit continued to maintain their much older systems of naming and speaking about places in
family lodge near the Thelon game reserve, and ‘Huit Huit Tours’ run by Timun Alariaq and his Finnish wife Kristiina
naming, and the shifting priorities of government bodies. Landmark events include the United Nations movement to
and archaeology. Only Makivik’s Cruise North joint venture regularly visits Inuit villages in the Hudson Strait/Bay region,
since 1993.The paper also examines what the Commission de Toponymie du Québec calls the “choc des toponymies”
discusses Canadian bicultural ventures and possible futures for Inuit tourism.
instal anti-colonial naming standards in the 1960s, and the taking up of administrative authority over names by Inuit
which will occur when names familiar to some map users lose official status.
Golovko, Evgeny
stressing their “Inuit proprietorship and culturally responsible attitudes.” The paper queries the notion of ‘selling out’ as it
Graci, Sonya
Ryerson University, sgraci@ryerson.ca, Canada
Russian Academy of Sciences, evggolovko@yandex.ru, Russia
Alutiiq as a Dominating Language: The Results of Alutiiq -Russian Interaction in the 19th Century
The Use of Stakeholder Engagement as a Tool for Community Based Tourism Development in Inuit
Communities
In my paper I will study the traces of Alutiiq-Russian interaction as they are presented in the variety of Russian spoken today
Although tourism is considered to have the potential to contribute to economic prosperity, it must consider
in Kodiak by the descendents of Russian old-timers. The analysis will cover phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexicon.
Golovko, Evgeny
sustainability principles and adhere to the needs and wants of communities in order to optimize benefits. In order to
ensure tourism development meets the needs of the local community and is developed in a more sustainable manner,
it is pertinent to understand how this form of economic opportunity can be created in a way that is both desired and
Russian Academy of Sciences, evggolovko@yandex.ru, Russia
accepted by community members. Limiting decision makers’ ability to develop tourism plans and policies in Inuit
Knut Bergsland (1914-1998), a Norwegian linguist and professor of Finno-Ugric languages at the University of Oslo from
development. In order for sustainable forms of tourism to be developed that are locally based and preserve and promote
cover the whole time span of Bergsland’s work - from early articles on Eskimo-Aleut relationship and a grammatical sketch
and what roles different stakeholders should and could play. The Arctic Climate Impact Assessment report predicts a
Before and after Knut Bergsland: Bergsland’s Impact to Eskimo -Aleut Research
1947 to 1980, remains one of the most influential scholars in the field of Eskimo-Aleut linguistics today. The paper will
of Kalaallisut (Western Greenlandic) written in the 1950s up to his last publication of 1998 on ancient Aleut personal names.
Gordon, Heather; Nielsen, J.; Stoecker, R. and Rink, E.
University of Wisconsin-Madison, munkfest@gmail.com, USA
National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs, USA
Community Partner, Greenland
Montana State University-Bozeman, USA
Trust? Friendliness? Morals? How Do We Define Ethics For Arctic Projects?
Increased contact between scientists and Arctic Indigenous peoples leads to many questions. These questions include
communities is a lack understanding and assessment of what local communities actually desire in terms of tourism
indigenous culture, consultation needs to occur with communities on how this form of tourism can be developed
trajectory of growth for the Arctic cruise sector due to better ship access facilitated by the warming climate. Therefore,
several of the Inuit communities in Nunavut will be increasingly subjected to cruise tourism without any potential
benefit. This presentation will outline the process of developing community based tourism through stakeholder
consultation. The tools to generate dialogue so long term planning occurs and community residents may play a bigger
role in decision making will be discussed. Best practices from community based indigenous tourism will be showcased.
Grønnow, Bjarne and Jensen, Jens Fog
SILA - Arctic Centre at the Ethnographic Collections, National Museum of Denmark
bjarne.gronnow@natmus.dk, jens.fog.jensen@natmus.dk, Denmark
how to engage in equal partnerships, how to link scientific and traditional knowledge, and how to develop ethical
Arctic Pioneers and Materiality: Studies of Long Term Trends in Saqqaq Material Culture, 2.500 BC - 800 BC
by their academic discipline, but are these ethical guidelines in accordance with those believed by the Indigenous Arctic
areas was remarkably fast, and well structured settlement systems based on diversified subsistence strategies were
community in Greenland and at the National Science Foundation-Office of Polar Programs. Through interview analysis
culture? Due to excellent preservation conditions and stratification of deep culture layers two permanently frozen
guidelines for both parties to follow. Scientists arrive with their institution’s IRB approval and research ethics provided
peoples? This presentation examines results from a research project on relationship building conducted in a remote
this project brings to light the differences and similarities in the definition of ethics by both Arctic Indigenous peoples
and researchers.
Graburn, Nelson
U C Berkeley, graburn@berkeley.edu, USA
“Experiments in Inuit Tourism: the Global’s Local in the Eastern Canadian Arctic.”
In the 1950s-1960s organized tourism was started by Austin Airways with the Povungnituk Inuit Cooperative and the West
Baffin Eskimo Coop; and Bobby May, married to an Inuk, ran a hunting lodge at Kangirjjualukjuak flying his own plane. Since
the 1980s, the lucrative licensing of sport hunting of Polar Bears has attracted high end tourists to many Inuit villages but may
be banned soon. Since the creation of Nunavut with Inuit local control and capital available through land settlements, tourism
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has emerged as a major potential, offering hunting, fishing, ecotourism, and Inuit arts. Only one area, Pangnirtung, Baffin
Saqqaq represents the first peopling of Greenland around 2.500 BC. The spread of this pioneer culture over vast
soon established in all regions of West and East Greenland. Is this dynamic development reflected in Saqqaq material
Saqqaq sites in West Greenland, Qeqertasussuk and Qajaa, hold a unique potential for throwing light on this question.
Here long term chronological trends in raw material selection, technology and artifact design can be documented in
detail. Supplemented with evidence from other sites in Greenland, the analyses conclude that Saqqaq material culture
is remarkably continuous through time. This contrast between the dynamics of Saqqaq demography and subsistence
strategies and the complex but almost unchanged material culture throughout two millennia is discussed in the paper.
Grove, Arnaq
University of Copenhagen, grove@hum.ku.dk, Denmark
Language Changes In Central Westgreenland
Greenlandic is the language of the indigenous people in Greenland, it is the mother tongue of most of the inhabitants, also
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new generations, and it is generally not regarded as an endangered language. It is now the official language of the country
and about to include domains of the modern society. Because Greenland has been a part of Denmark for almost 300 years,
Danish has had a prominent role, and is widely used in administration, media and education. While Greenlandic is an
Eskimo-Aleut language, the two languages are of different families and very different on all levels: morphologically and
lexically, and especially grammatically, syntactically and at discourse level. Danish makes extensive and crucial influence
on Greenlandic, and some raise concerns for the impact on the capabilities and future of the language.
Grove, Arnaq
University of Copenhagen, grove@hum.ku.dk, Denmark
Resiliency and Language Changes in the Arctic, focus on Central West Greenlandic
the country and about to include domains of the modern society. Because Greenland has been a part of Denmark
we have been designing our own exhibits, building collaborative exchanges, and working globally to awaken traditional
knowledge and install it in our communities. For centuries cultural information was collected and taken away. This is
being reversed to repatriating knowledge so that Native communities can once again celebrate, understand, and use this
information to regain a sense of self, place, and worth in the world.
Hallendy, Norman
tukilik@rogers.com
TAKU
TAKU meaning “Look!” in the Kinngait Inuktitut dialect, is the title of an entirely visual presentation illustrating and
exploring certain material and intellectual artifacts of the Inuit culture in southwest Baffin. Imagine for a moment
that you have entered a great ceremonial Igluvigaq that can hold a hundred people. We call it a great igloo, its name
in the shamanic language is Nukvikjuaq. It is a marvel of architecture constructed of nothing more than the hardened
for almost 300 years, Danish has had a prominent role, and is widely used in administration, media and education.
crystalline water we call snow. The Igluvigaq was constructed each December wherein the celebration of Tivijuk
levels: morphologically and lexically, and especially grammatically, syntactically and at discourse level. Danish makes
remember. This remarkable structure would always vanish within 150 days. In the following 60 days, a profusion of
While Greenlandic is an Eskimo-Aleut language, the two languages are of different families and very different on all
extensive and crucial influence on Greenlandic, and some raise concerns for the impact on the capabilities and future
of the language. I will give some examples, and outline the role of Greenlandic in the society through the past century,
with some indications of the causes, and the current institutions to change the situation.
Gulløv, Hans Christian
National Museum of Denmark, hans.christian.gulloev@natmus.dk, Denmark
The Concept of Palaeo - and Neo -Eskimo Cultures: Steensby and His Students Birket-Smith and
Mathiassen
In 1916 professor H. P. Steensby, University of Copenhagen, published an English version of his dissertation from 1905,
“Om Eskimokulturens Oprindelse”, On the Origin of the Eskimo Culture, introducing the concepts of Palaeo- and Neo-
was held. Here, the midwinter festival of games, feasting, and fecundity took place for as long as any elder can
arctic wildflowers we call Nuanariat, would emerge from the earth refreshed by an ample supply of fresh water and
nourishment from morsels of food left behind by a people no longer alive. Further down the coast the inuksuk made of
ice, placed by the channel where dangerous spring currents occur, would vanish as would Simeonie’s snow trap, Itulu’s
wind break, and Qiatsuk’s Aupaumik, the human-like figure made of snow, in which could be placed a curse to kill
another shaman. The traditional winter trails that once made traveling on the ice safer and faster are no longer traveled
their existence rapidly fading from living memory. The presentation Taku presented in the oral tradition not only
illustrates a visual archaeology, but indeed a side of archaeology invisible to the naked eye.
Harcharek, Pausauraq Jana
North Slope Borough School District, jana.harcharek@nsbsd.org, USA
Eskimo cultures. His research criteria were based on communication within territories, on geographic adaptation and
Iñupiat Self Determination in Education
Bay, and the Neo-Eskimo culture in the Bering Strait region. He knew as a geographer his own limitations and was
by the state and federal governments. In this presentation, we will describe how Elders and community members
on influences from Asia. He deduced the origin of the Palaeo-Eskimo culture to be sought in regions west of the Hudson
open to other scientific methods, fx ethnography and archaeology. That was what his two students Kaj Birket-Smith and
Therkel Mathiassen did during the Fifth Thule Expedition. When they later intensively discussed the question of the
origin of the Eskimo culture they maintained the validity of Steensby’s methods. Steensby’s concepts and his underlying
criteria remained unbroken in Danish arctic archaeology, when Helge Larsen concluded the Ipiutak find to correspond
largely to the Palaeo-Eskimo of Steensby and Birket-Smith. Jørgen Meldgaard as well explained the Dorset culture as
The North Slope Borough School District is systematically incorporating Iñupiaq knowledge into academics mandated
built the Iñupiaq Learning Framework which now forms the foundation for the district’s curriculum design and
implementation. This curriculum reform effort is based on the long-term desire and right of the Iñupiat to have learning
rooted in their history, language and culture. We believe our work provides lessons to other Inuit communities moving
toward creating their own learning systems.
Palaeo-Eskimo of Arctic Canadian origin and with external influences comparable with those of the Caribou Eskimos.
Hardenberg, Julie Edel
relevant and cannot be abandoned as misleading encumbrances valuable only in the past, as Frederica de Laguna
Reflecting the Power of Language in Art
By applying other methods, as Steensby emphasized, ongoing research today demonstrates that the concepts are still
suggested in 1979.
Haakanson, Jr., Sven
Alutiiq Museum, sven@alutiiqmuseum.org, USA
Anthropology within Heritage Revival
artist, photographer, and author, julie@hardenberg.dk, Denmark
In 2008, a year prior to the beginning of self-governance in Greenland, I initiated a project with the aim of examining
both the socio-cultural and cognitive effects of using own native language in own hometown. Since the Danish
colonization of Green
Hardenberg, Mari
As Indigenous peoples have become aware of the importance of their history and the data gathered over the past
University of Copenhagen and Sila, The National Museum of Denmark, mari@hardenberg.dk, Denmark
research focused to more collaborative exchanges the field helps Native peoples learn how unique their histories are
This paper examines the development of a distinct iconography during the Dorset period (ca. 800BC-1300AD) across the
few centuries the philosophy of conducting Anthropological research with indigenous peoples has changed. From
especially with the heritage revival. Part of this change is occurring in museums across our country. Histories are being
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Greenlandic is the language of the indigenous people in Greenland, it is the mother tongue of most of the inhabitants,
also new generations, and it is generally not regarded as an endangered language. It is now the official language of
reconsidered to include the Native experience. The Alutiiq Museum’s work is one example of many. For the past 16 years,
Dorset Artistic Expression as a Means of Power and Status?
Arctic and Sub-Arctic regions of Canada and Greenland. It is argued that in a period characterized by major social and
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ideological upheaval caused by socio-economic stress, Dorset iconography flourished. Although few ornamental pieces
and carvings are known prior to the introduction of the Dorset culture, it is the Dorset people who expanded their
than a decade before the release of “Nanook of the North” from at least 1911 until at least 1920, this Inuit family from
group primarily consists of small portable zoomorphic and anthropomorphic figurines, and abstract geometric incisions
family from World’s Fair exhibitees to silent film actors. It will discuss their role in early American silent movies against
self-awareness among the Dorset people and influenced the resultant unique artistic expressions and styles.
of the Inuit.
Harder, Miriam T. and Wenzel, George W.
Harper, Sherilee and Willox, Ashlee Cunsolo
iconographic productivity; becoming widespread particularly during the Late Dorset period. The iconography of this
on several utilitarian tools. It is suggested that increasing indirect or direct contact with other groups caused growing
McGill University, wenzel@geog.mcgill.ca, Canada
Resource Sharing in an Inuit Ilagiit: Social Relations and Food Security in Clyde River, Nunavut
Labrador played Inuit, Native American, and even Japanese roles. This paper will trace the history of this Labrador Inuit
the general context of native people in film, and show how their presence contributed to the evolving popular stereotype
Rigolet Inuit Community Government, Canada
University of Guelph, ashlee@uoguelph.ca, Canada
This paper examines the flow of money and country food resources within an Inuit extended family (ilagiit) in
Clyde River, Nunavut, to understand the dynamics of a mixed wage income and hunting economy on customary
My Word: Storytelling and Digital Media Lab: The Evolution of an Inuit-Owned Digital Media and
Research Organization
resource sharing and food security. Over a 12 week period in Summer, 2009, data were gathered through bi-weekly
recall interviews and participant observation conducted with 10 households that make up the ilagiit and participant
The Canadian North is experiencing dramatic shifts in climate, resulting in environmental changes that impact Inuit
observation in the community. The findings are compared to data collected using the same methodology from this
livelihoods, cultural practices, and health. It is essential that research in this area be community driven, community
directed, and participatory, ensuring that Inuit are leading the process and enhancing and expanding community
for country food, but equipment sharing no longer moderates resource access disparities and that individuals, rather
trans-disciplinary team of researchers, health practitioners, and community storytelling facilitators to create Changing
kinship group in 1999. Results indicate that resource sharing continues to follow traditional kinship patterns, especially
than the extended family, control money. Increasing inter-household cash inequality extends to the hunting and fishing
equipment necessary for household food security and maintaining the subsistence economy. At this point, households
research capacities. In 2009, the Rigolet Inuit Community Government in Rigolet, Nunatsiavut, Canada partnered with a
Climate, Changing Health, Changing Stories, a project dedicated to using digital media and qualitative methods to
gather locally appropriate and meaningful data to explore climate-health relationships. As part of this project, Rigolet
do not function independently and lower income households are particularly dependent on higher income households
created the My Word: Storytelling and Digital Media Lab, the first Northern center dedicated to using digital media and
Arctic community is particularly valuable for informing a culturally relevant understanding of Arctic food security,
facilitating digital storytelling and PhotoVoice workshops; consulting on research proposals, designs, and methods;
who appear to buffer insecurity in culturally prescribed ways. Our study of the socioeconomic dynamics within an
storytelling for Inuit-directed research. Since its inception, the My Word Lab has developed expertise in numerous areas:
given significant recent interest in this research area.
conducting interviews and surveys; filming, editing, and producing videos; consulting with multiple stakeholders for
Harper, Kenn
at national and international conferences. The My Word Lab also has also developed research capacities for climate-
Independent Scholar, kennh@sympatico.ca, Canada
A Nunavut Heritage Centre
Each jurisdiction in Canada has a provincial/territorial heritage centre, with the exception of Nunavut. Since the
research and adaptation goals and strategies; disseminating information through print and digital media; and presenting
health research and health adaptation strategies. This poster will explain the evolution of the My Word: Storytelling and
Digital Media Lab, outcomes, and challenges encountered. Details will also be shared about the specific services offered
by the My Word Lab, and the future directions and visions for the organization.
division of the Northwest Territories in 1999, the new territory of Nunavut has been in a process of institution building.
Hastrup, Kirsten
individual communities have local museums of various levels of sophistication and degrees of success, at a territorial
University of Copenhagen, kirsten.hastrup@anthro.ku.dk, Denmark
This process is made all the more difficult by the high cost of construction and facilities planning. Although many
level Nunavut’s cultural heritage has been and remains in storage in Yellowknife, under the care of the Prince of Wales
Knud R asmussen (1879-1933): Explorer, Ethnographer, Narrator
Heritage Centre, but not accessible to the public. Plans for a heritage centre have been sporadically discussed but
Knud Rasmussen and his Thule Expeditions feature prominently in the early ethnographic work on the Eskimo and are
discuss this untenable situation, compare it with the situation in other northern jurisdictions, including Nunavik, and
and Alaska, to Siberia, and ascertained their internal connections. Whether praised or criticized, his work has remained
preliminary funds to advance its development have recently been struck from the territorial budget. This paper will
suggest possible remedies.
Harper, Kenn
Independent Scholar, kennh@sympatico.ca, Canada
The Silent Films of Nancy Columbia and Esther Enutseak
Beginning with the World’s Columbian Exposition in 1893, Inuit from Labrador were exhibited at every major World’s
Fair in the USA until 1909. Some subsequently returned to Labrador; others remained in America. One family in
particular - the extended family of Esther Enutseak, including her daughter, Nancy Columbia, who was born in
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Columbia wrote the screenplay. Their film work took them from Florida to Michigan and finally to Hollywood. More
still part of the baseline for later research in the region. He visited all the Eskimo groups from Greenland, over Canada
of interest to anthropologists through changing tides of professional judgment. In this presentation, I shall discuss keyelements in his ethnographic work and seek to identify some of the driving forces in his Oeuvre. First, I shall discuss
his position within a larger field of Polar exploration, which gained tremendous momentum around 1900. Second, I
shall look into the strength of his own ethnographic method and seek to identify his unique contribution. Third, I shall
discuss his narrative style, and discuss his relationship to literary and artistic trends in Denmark that created a strong
sounding board for his own efforts at capturing a large audience. Through Knud Rasmussen’s Pan-Eskimo encounters, he
was holding up a mirror to modern Europeans, which fused back into his descriptions and viewpoints. He also enabled a
clearer view of Danish-Greenlandic relationships, which we may still want to probe today.
Chicago - became professional exhibitees. Their lives have been well-documented photographically, in newspapers,
advertisements, stereo cards, cabinet cards, postcards, and photographs. Less well-known and little documented is their
involvement in early American silent movies, including two in which the family had star billing. For one film, Nancy
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Hayes, Amos
Carleton University, ahayes@gcrc.carleton.ca, Canada
The Nunaliit Atlas Platform for Mapping and Preserving Inuit Knowledge
International Polar Year projects have highlighted challenges in organizing, representing, and ensuring the preservation
CURA Inuit Leadership and Governance coordinator, aruc-leadership@ciera.ulaval.ca, Canada
On Keeping Equal: Leadership and Cooperation Among the Nunavik Inuit
A few fieldworks in Nunavik Inuit dedicated to the study of leadership brought the evidence that Inuit leadership
of Inuit knowledge in digital form. Communities have expressed a desire to be able to host and grow these digital
cannot be understood and analyzed beyond the scope of cooperation. Inuit express frequently the absolute necessity
with regional or territorial governments, knowledge centres, or even other communities with sufficient technical
with the prominence of these practices and will show that they are central in the construction of authority figures
organizations to host repositories comprised of flexible data storage, an interactive atlas-based front-end for discovery,
fellows and to share with them. Should these mechanisms be understood as a way of limiting power and achieving
collections within the community while recognizing that longer term preservation may be better achieved by partnering
capacity. We have designed and built a distributed data management system that permits communities, regions, and
to share and help their fellows and they often present cooperation as a cultural core value. This paper will deal
legitimacy among the Nunavik Inuit. On a local scale, a few social mechanisms oblige authority figures to help their
input, and management, and robust data replication among selected trusted peers in the network. In addition, an
equality? Furthermore, with the proliferation of leadership trainings in Canadian Arctic, how Inuit deal with a more
audio, text, and associated metadata by community/institutional researchers while in the field. The application is then
Heyes, Scott and Jacobs, Peter
application for modern tablet computers has been developed to greatly simplify the collection of location, photo, video,
able to synchronize with a local and remote repositories when reconnected to the network in a community.
Hazell, Sarah; Savelle, James; Dyke, Arthur and Desjardins, Sean
individualistic interpretation of leadership defined by business schools?
University of Canberra, Scott.heyes@canberra.edu.au, Australia
Université de Montréal, Canada
Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game- Division of Subsistence, sarah.hazell@alaska.gov, USA
Empowering and Revitalising Inuit Knowledge of Landscape through Storytelling Architecture
Geological Survey of Canada, Canada
and due to societal and technological changes. This loss is associated with the steady decline in storytelling as a
Palaeoeskimo Occupations at Needle Point, Rowley Island, Foxe Basin: Implications for standing models of
Late Dorset Continuity and Change.
exercises in Nunavik communities with Inuit partners, this paper will explore how ‘storytelling architecture’ provides
McGill University, Canada
McGill University, Canada
The virtual extinction of the long resident Palaeoeskimo populations in Canada and Greenland appears archaeologically
Nunavik’s stories, placenames, and rich Inuit heritage are being lost at a rapid rate with the passing of expert elders
medium for transmitting knowledge of landscape to younger generations. Drawing on recent fieldwork and design
an opportunity for young Inuit to regain a stronger connection to the land, and how installations and other physical
imprints upon the land, when inspired by Inuit stories, can help to celebrate, mobilise and empower Inuit knowledge
as a rapid series of events leaving little trace as to its cause/s or to the specific timing of local or regional extinctions. The
of landscape. The paper presents architecture as a medium for revitalising Inuit storytelling in Nunavik, and for young
further complicated by radiocarbon dating issues and the mixing of assemblages due to the frequent reoccupation of
Hicks, Jack
groups had generally died out by AD 1200. Recent investigations at Needle Point on Rowley Island, however, suggest some
Nunavummiut Makitagunarningit, jackooloosie@gmail.com, Canada
disappearance of the Late Dorset (terminal Palaeoeskimo) is poorly understood, with efforts to address this problem being
Dorset site by the later Thule Inuit. With the possible exceptions of Ungava, Labrador, and southern Baffin Island, Dorset
Inuit to be actively involved in the design process.
Dorset groups may have survived into the 14th century or beyond in Foxe Basin, part the Palaeoeskimo ‘core’ area. This
Times Have Changed: One Ore Body, Two Different Environmental Assessment Processes
new evidence in relation to standing models of the Late Dorset demise and Dorset/Thule-derived Sadlermiut.
from the community’s water supply and in sensitive caribou habitat. Environmental assessment of a proposal to exploit
paper will present preliminary findings from excavations conducted at Needle Point in 2005 and 2006 and examine this
Hazell, Sarah and Holen, Davin
Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game- Division of Subsistence, sarah.hazell@alaska.gov, USA
Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game- Division of Subsistence, USA
The Political Ecology of Resource Development in the Eastern Interior of Alaska
In 2012, the Division of Subsistence of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game conducted comprehensive wild harvest
assessment surveys in the Eastern Interior of Alaska from the Arctic coastal plain south to the eastern interior in
communities along the proposed Alaska Pipeline Project (APP). These communities, diverse both geographically and
The Kiggavik uranium ore body is located 80 kilometres west of the community of Baker Lake, Nunavut, upstream
the Kiggavik deposit began in 1988 by the Federal Environmental Assessment Review Office (FEARO). The proponent
abandoned its proposal in April 1990. In 2008 the French nuclear conglomerate AREVA Resources submitted a second
proposal to exploit the Kiggavik deposit. This time the review process is being conducted by the Nunavut Impact
Review Board (NIRB). In the period between the two reviews the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement (NLCA) was settled,
resulting (among other things) in the creation of a number of co-management bodies termed Institutions of Public
Government (IPGs). NIRB is one of those IPGs. This paper will review, compare and contrast the two environmental
assessment processes - one that occurred before the NLCA came into force and one under the institutional regime
established by the NLCA. What has the change meant for the people of Baker Lake?
culturally, are predominately Inupiat and Athabascan. These surveys documented a variety of concerns about the APP,
Hill, Erica
traditional hunting grounds through the implementation of complex management regimes and resource development.
University of Alaska Southeast, erica.hill@uas.alaska.edu, USA
issues that important for their way of life. This paper examines how Alaska Native communities located along the
Arctic archaeologists are increasingly addressing ontological and landscape questions in indigenous prehistories.
in addition to other proposed development projects. In Alaska, Native peoples have been disenfranchised from their
Subsistence has become a symbol communities operationalize to interact and/or negotiate with developers about central
proposed APP voice their political, economic, and social concerns through the praxis of subsistence.
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Hervé, Caroline
Enculturated Landscapes and Indigenous Ontologies: Towards a Prehistory of Place
Taking inspiration from work in Canada, Scandinavia, and Siberia, I describe some of the ways in which Alaskan
archaeology can contribute to a pan-Arctic discussion of landscapes. I suggest that archaeological data can be
| 91
productively combined with oral histories and place names to reconstruct how Inuit and Yupiit engaged with and
enculturated the world around them. Using examples from sites along the Bering Sea coasts, I demonstrate that
with the National Park System and other agencies, have mapped traditional territories for subsistence, and traditional
contributions that Alaska archaeology can make to broader arctic dialogues on language, memory, and landscape.
When people have lived in one location for many years they form a repetitive interaction with the environment in which
Hirshberg, Diane; Hill, Alexandra; Lynge, Aviaja Egede; Olsen, Karl Kristian; Harcharek,
Jana Pausauraq; Parady, Elizabeth and Berger, Paul
concerned about rapid changes in the environment that could lead to a necessity to adapt their harvest efforts to new
indigenous experience of landscape was profoundly embodied and relational. I conclude by outlining possible
UAA Ctr for Alaska Education Policy Research, dbhirshberg@alaska.edu, USA
UAA Ctr for Alaska Education Policy Research, USA
Inerisaavik, Univ of Greenland, Greenland
Inerisaavik, Univ of Greenland, Greenland
ecological knowledge interviews have documented the intimate knowledge that local residents have about these lands.
they dwell. It is in this that we form a basis for the understanding of traditional ecological knowledge; repetitive use of
an environment, building upon generations of accumulated knowledge framed within a cultural context. Residents are
territories that are unfamiliar. This adaptation within the social-ecological system, could lead to a disruption in the
traditional harvest patterns of a community contributing to social, cultural, and economic changes.
Holton, Gary
North Slope Borough School Dist, USA
Alaska Native Language Center, gmholton@alaska.edu, USA
Lakehead University, Canada
The landscape domain poses a significant challenge for linguistic categorization, since unlike more discrete domains such
North Slope Borough School Dist, USA
Self-Determination in Inuit Formal Schooling: A Comparative Circumpolar Investigation
Self-Determination in Inuit Formal Schooling: A Comparative Circumpolar Look In this paper, we explore issues of
self-determination in primary and secondary education in Inuit communities around the globe. Specifically we focus on
changes happening in Inuit education in Greenland, Nunavut, and Alaska from a political and institutional level, looking
at similarities and differences around both innovations in educational practice across these regions and in some of the
obstacles to greater self-determination in formal schooling, in particular in Nunavut and Alaska. This work begins where
Frank Darnell and Anton Hoem left off in their 1996 book Taken to Extremes: Education in the Far North. We focus on self-
determination in education as we believe this is a key condition to fostering educational success in Inuit communities. Self-
Comparison of Landscape Categorization in Inuit-Yupik and Dene Languages in Alaska
as zoology and botany, the landscape domain lacks an etic grid on which to base linguistic categories (Turk et al. 2012).
Thus, it is not surprising that there is significant cross-linguistic variation in the way landscape terms are ontologized
(Burenhult and Levinson 2008). While Alaska itself exhibits great diversity in landforms, a large swath of country
extending from the Bering coast to the Canadian border is shared two very different language families: Inuit-Yupik
and Dene. Preliminary studies of landscape terminology in these two language families suggest that Dene languages
emphasize vertical features and mountain valleys, while Inuit-Yupik languages are less concerned with vertical scale
and the notion of valley (Holton 2011). The current paper compares the semantics of landscape terms in Inupiaq, Yup’ik,
Dena’ina, and Koyukon, four languages which are spoken along the boundary between Inuit-Yupik and Dene. In addition,
governance has been linked more broadly to social and economic well-being in indigenous communities across the United
the structures of Inuit-Yupik and Dene spatial orientation systems are compared.
models of indigenous education across the globe (Hirshberg, Hill & Argetsinger) 2011). Inuit peoples in our three regions
Hournard, Claire
States and beyond (Harvard Project, 2008), and we have found this mirrored in recent research by some of us on promising
have similar histories in terms of colonization and the imposition of formal schooling by western cultures. However, the
move toward self-determination in education is at different places across these regions, from Greenland, where education
reform is a national effort driven by Greenlanders themselves, to Alaska and Nunavut, where local control is a struggle
within the context of non-indigenous state-controlled public education systems. We discuss ongoing efforts to create new
Inuit education systems, including successes and challenges in these efforts.
Hessel, Ingo; Hodgetts, Lisa
ingo@ingohessel.com, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Lisa.Hodgetts@uwo.ca, University of Waterloo,
Towards a Community-Based Archaeology of Past Landscapes on Banks Island
Recent work in anthropology and archaeology sees landscapes as an ongoing interaction between people, animals
and the land. This perspective highlights the unique position of Indigenous people to contribute to reconstructions
Université Paris Ouest Nanterre, clairehoumard@yahoo.fr, France
The Sites From the Igloolik Region: Evidence of the Palaeo -Eskimo Continuum
Jørgen Meldgaard excavated a number of sites and structures in the Igloolik region, and among them the well known
sites of Parry Hill (Kaleruserk) and Jens Munk (Kapuivik), but also Freuchen, Lyon Hill and Kaersut (K’aersut). The
present study concerns 36 structures all from these five sites, and focuses on the osseous industry. These occupations
cover the entire Palaeo-Eskimo period. Special attention was given to the so-called ‘transitional period’, that is the
terraces between 26 and 18 meters (above sea level). Among the assemblages analyzed, the osseous industry is
particularly well represented, well preserved, diversified and sophisticated. The results are based on the study of
more than 1,500 worked pieces of which about 1,000 end products. The study confirms some of the Jørgen Meldgaard’s
conclusions, and provides new elements supporting the assumption that there exists in the Palaeo-Eskimo period
a continuum from Early Pre-Dorset to the Terminal Dorset phase. From a technological approach, coupled with
observations on the typology and the raw material selection the continuity of the Palaeo-Eskimo cultures are
of past landscapes in their region, since they are part of this process of interaction. It also emphasizes the importance
documented, and the alternative - the existence of a ‘transitional period’ for the Igloolik sites - is rejected.
ongoing archaeological project on Banks Island that is working towards a better understanding of the island’s human
Howse, Lesley and Friesen, Max
of studying the relationships between the three interacting components of landscape over time. Here, I describe an
past through a collaboration with current residents of the Inuvialuit community of Sachs Harbour. Holen, Davin
Division of Subsistence, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, davin.holen@alaska.gov, USA
Traditional Lands: Adaptive Management in a Changing Ecosystem
One of the defining characteristics of indigenous communities in the North is their tie to traditional lands for
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subsistence. Projects conducted by the Division of Subsistence, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, in cooperation
University of Toronto, lesley.howse@utoronto.ca, Canada University of Toronto, Canada
Comparative Analysis of Dorset and Inuit Archaeofaunas at the Bell Site, Victoria Island
Late Dorset and Thule Inuit were both hunter-gatherer societies, often occupying near-identical environments. However,
archaeologists tend to emphasize differences between the two traditions, as they pertain to phenomena as diverse as
technology, social organization, and world view. These differences are assumed to have impacted the ways in which
each society interacted with its environment; however not many studies have directly contrasted Dorset and Thule
| 93
human-environment interactions as reflected in archaeofaunas. In this paper, we compare the archaeofaunas from Late
Dorset and Thule occupations at the Bell site, Victoria Island, Nunavut; a rare context in which both societies relied
heavily on caribou and Arctic char, as opposed to marine mammals. By comparing species, body part, and modification
frequencies between the two groups, we will attempt to determine the degree to which they differed, and the causes of
any differences observed.
Hudson, Anna
York University, ahudson@yorku.ca, Canada
Mobilizing Inuit Cultural Heritage
Mobilizing Inuit Cultural Heritage is a proposed research project designed to bridge the gap between ‘modern’ Inuit
performance practices of spoken word, rap, hip hop, break dancing, and beat-boxing. The bridge is understood to be
both virtual and actual. It is the connection of digitized archives of visual art, film and video on the World Wide Web,
convened through interactive social media websites and uploaded to media-players in Nunavut communities where
access to the internet is sporadic, low-bandwith and costly. And it is simultaneously the lived connection of Inuit artists/
performers creatively engaging with their cultural heritage to produce new work. The facilitation of its production
through educational initiatives and multi-media arts events would be developed by and with Inuit, guided by the
principles of Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit (Inuit traditional knowledge). The goal of Mobilizing Inuit Cultural Heritage is
to research Inuit cultural archives, to preserve and render them accessible through digitization, and to employ them
strategically as a dialogic platform and creative resource in support of future artistic and cultural practices. Through
their multi-media and multi-platform engagement on a web 2.0 platform, visual art and film and video will arguably
emerge as a living archive - re-circulating its contents in contemporary circumpolar indigenous culture and mobilizing
Inuit cultural heritage in the current moment of globalization.
Hudson, Anna
York University, ahudson@yorku.ca, Canada
New Frontiers of Inuit Performance
Innovative music, dance, theatre, and storytelling by Inuit artists sustain indigenous traditions while contributing to
contemporary definitions of international performance studies. By reviewing the contributions of several Inuit artists and
groups currently active across the arctic - including Art Cirq, Tanya Tagag, Taqralik Partridge, Nelson Tagoona, and Shauna
Seeteenak - this paper will consider the relationship of performance to cultural empowerment and healing. Because of its
crossover with existing global cultural phenomena - notably the circus, opera, rock music, hip hop, rap, and spoken word - the
performance practices of these artists also draws critical attention to communities vulnerable to exploitation. Such is the case
in the Canadian arctic which suffers from an under-resourced infrastructure and overly extracted natural resources. Why the
medium of performance currently supersedes visual art, and the carving and printmaking for which Canadian Inuit were first
internationally recognized, ultimately considers the agency of Inuit - and marginalized cultures generally - in the internet age.
Hund, Andrew
Umeå University, andrew.hund@case.edu, Sweden
Inuit Health: Illness Experience & Healthcare Delivery
This session will address the subjective experience of health and illness in Inuit communities; Inuit responses to
health and illness (traditional and western); the societal, cultural, political, economic forces as well as environmental
circumstances that threaten Inuit health and enhance or diminish the delivery of healthcare. Empirical and theoretical
papers from various disciplines, such as medicine, public health, anthropology, social work, sociology, psychology,
etc., that address Inuit health and illness in the circumpolar regions will be included, including service professionals
working on practical public health, clinical, and mental health programs as well as Indigenous/Inuit contributors.
Huntington Consulting, hph@alaska.net, USA
Expectations, Communication, and Planning in Traditional Knowledge Studies
Traditional knowledge studies offer benefits to science, management, and communities, but often in different ways. Science
gets more information, management becomes more collaborative, and communities are more involved and their knowledge
more valued. Expectations may differ, however, both about the nature of the studies themselves and also about how they will
be used and by whom. Good communication and planning can help accommodate different goals and needs, but it is
also important to recognize that a single study will not address everything. Instead, traditional knowledge studies should be
seen as part of an overall effort to increase community engagement in research, management, and capacity building.
Igloliorte, Heather
Concordia University, h_igloliorte@hotmail.com, Canada
Self-Determination and Sovereignty: A Recent History of Arctic Art
In recent decades, the Canadian North has undergone a remarkable social, political and cultural transformation as
Inuit have begun to challenge the legacies of colonization in the Arctic and to assert their rights to sovereignty, self-
determination and custodianship over the land and its natural resources. Paralleling the strides towards self-governance
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art, (being a uniquely Canadian cultural phenomenon), Inuit film and video, and contemporary alternative indigenous
Huntington, Henry P.
and the decolonization of the Arctic, since the 1970s many contemporary Inuit artists have been likewise cultivating
resilience and asserting independence through their work. Inuit artists are challenging the past representation of Inuit art
as either emblem of nationalist rhetoric or subject of modernist/primitivist discourse by fostering self-definition, critiquing
the history and legacies of colonization, and facilitating a north-south dialogue on lived reality in the Arctic. This paper
examines the history of decolonizing art practices in the Arctic and argues that the visual arts have played an integral role
in the assertion of our indigenous cultural sovereignty.
Igloliorte, Heather
Concordia University, h_igloliorte@hotmail.com, Canada
The Emergence of Labradorimiut Art
For over half a century the field of contemporary Inuit art has continued to expand and diversify, yet artists on the
periphery of the east, west and Subarctic regions have not benefitted from the same concerted attention, patronage and
promotion as their counterparts in the central Canadian Arctic. Both scholars and the Inuit art market alike have largely
overlooked Inuit artists from Labrador for decades. Yet despite the lack of an enduring arts industry, a cooperative system
or most other forms of institutional support, Nunatsiavut continues to produce innovative, world-renowned artists,
such as mixed media artist Michael Massie; grass sewing master Garmel Rich; stone sculptor Billy Gauthier; and textile
artist Shirley Moorhouse. Bolstered by the 2005 ratification of our land claims and our new status as the self-governing
Nunatsiavut Territory - and encouraged by an enthusiastic reception from art buyers and academia in recent years -
Labradorimiut artists are now poised to make a dramatic entrance into the contemporary global Indigenous arts milieu.
Irniq, Piita
Former Commissioner of Nunavut, anaanaga@hotmail.com, Canada
Mending the Past: Memory and the Politics of Forgiveness
Inuit residential school histories are becoming part of a public dialogue through the bravery and generosity of survivors
who are willing to share their memories. Born in Naujaat/Repulse Bay, Nunavut, Piita Irniq was taken from his family
to attend the Sir Joseph Bernier Federal Day School in Chesterfield Inlet, Sir John Franklin School in Yellowknife and
the Churchill Vocational Centre in Manitoba. Now, as a residential schools survivor, Inuit cultural teacher, consultant,
and accomplished public speaker who has held several public offices, Piita campaigns for both remembering and
reconciling Canada’s residential school histories. In this presentation, Piita remembers his own experience, highlights
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the intergenerational impacts of residential schools on Inuit families and communities, and shares insights from being
involved in Canada’s national Truth and Reconciliation Commission and other healing processes. Advocating for
recognition of the unique experiences of Inuit and including residential schools histories in public education initiatives,
Piita outlines a vision for working together to use the past as strength for the future, in Nunavut and across Canada.
Issaluk, Michelle Doucette and Audrey R. Giles
Ilisimatusarfik/University of Greenland, ufja@uni.gl, Greenland
Arctic Governance, Asian Interests, Societal Security and Climate Change
Although actual societal security in the Arctic does not warrant an alarmist picture, the Arctic is one of the most fragile
regions in the world. Climate change impacts on society are often discussed as one-dimensional relationships without
University of Ottawa and Government of Nunavut, mmdoucet@lakeheadu.ca, Canada
considering how actors can cope with these challenges. The paper will discuss possible consequence of diminishing
The Determinants of Food Security for Inuit Women: Understanding Pregnancy, Nutrition, and Health
in the Baffin Region of Nunavut
Passage from fast developing Asian countries like China, Japan and Korea, which will make the Arctic pivotal for new
School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Canada
A complex nexus of factors act on Inuit women’s food security including: environmental contaminants, climate change,
food access and traditional hunting activities. A wealth of knowledge concerning each of these individual factors exists;
yet, it is necessary to understand the nuanced ways in which these factors influence pregnant Inuit women’s food
security. The research question for this project is as follows: What are the current circumstances of Inuit women’s food
security during pregnancy and how are this population’s nutritional choices influenced by self-identified determinants
of food security? During the spring/summer of 2010 six stakeholder-interviews and 18 participant-interviews were
conducted in Iqaluit and Ottawa. The interview guide was developed in collaboration with key informants who
represented government, non-governmental organizations, community researchers and Inuit associations. The
participant interviews took place with Inuit women, aged 16-38, who were pregnant, recently post partum, and residing
at the local medical boarding home. During the interviews, the women discussed a wide variety of key factors that
influenced their food security during pregnancy. The results of this research have been organized into themes under
the WHO (2009) guiding principles of food security. This presentation will cover the determinants of food security
for pregnant women in the context for food availability, food accessibility, and food quality, adequacy and use. This
research is contextualized within a social determinants of health perspective.This project has been funded through the
Canadian Institutes for Health Research, and vetted through the Nunavut Research Institute and the Government of
Nunavut’s Department of Health and Social Services..
Jack, Roben
Inupiaq from Nome, Alaska; Western Oregon University, arctic@wou.edu, USA
“They Sure Were Short, And Homely!” Responding to Visitor’s Misconceptions in Small Museums
People’s understanding of the Arctic is as vast and varying as differences in flora, fauna and people across the Arctic
itself. They may visualize the Arctic as a flat, white, cold, desolate and lifeless region. Perhaps they appreciate Inuit
ingenuity and ability to survive in frigid and seemingly barren lands. They have an understanding. They know about
the Arctic, but they do not know the Arctic. Small museums and exhibits dedicated to the Arctic help visitors learn what
is true and real. Museums operated by Arctic people are even better because guests interact with and are educated by
the real people of the Arctic; Intimate and personal creation, collection and preservation stories, with objects, can be
experienced in one visit; Intellectual, interpersonal and material relationships are developed that keep the museum’s
collection safe, relevant and accessible during the ever changing and transformative life of the Arctic while providing
educational experiences to Arctic outsiders. Investment in Native run museums is necessary to forge the connections
needed to properly educate the public, and most importantly, improve and preserve the lives of Arctic people, their
history and traditions, and to ease their transitions into the modern systems that are continuously being brought into
the Arctic by those seeking and developing Arctic resources.
sea-ice in the Arctic in terms of potential shifts in global trade routes, especially shipping through the Northwest
commercial routes between Asian and Western markets in Europe and North America. The potential ramifications
of this scenario involve Arctic governance, as well, especially the Arctic Council as the primary Arctic multilateral
institution. The Arctic Council today includes eight Arctic member states and a number of Permanent Participants
representing Arctic indigenous peoples. In addition, a number of European states have become Permanent Observers
and a number of other states have been permitted status as ad hoc observers. Crucially, the three Asian ad hoc observer
states of China, Japan and Korea are now applying for status as Permanent Observers. The question, therefore, is what
will happen to Arctic governance and security if the Arctic Council accepts the applications from the three Asian states
and the three Asian states continue their rapid economic development and the sea-ice melting allows them to use the
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Jakobsen, Uffe
Northwest Passage as their entry point to European and North American markets.
Jeremiassen, Axel
Ilisimatusarfik/University of Greenland, axje@ks.uni.gl, Greenland
Public Opinion In Greenland 1911-1939 - The Newspapers Avangnâmioq And Atuagagdliutit.
To make the ‘Greenlanders’ opinion’ more prominent in the formulation of its Greenland policy, the Danish government
in 1908 passed a new Act concerning the governing of Denmark’s colonies in Greenland. From now on two provincial
councils were to act as advisory bodies for the Danish authorities, and the elected native members of the councils were
supposed to represent the public opinion in Greenland. Letters to the editors of Greenland’s two national newspapers,
Atuagagdliutit and Avangnâmioq, were submitted by Greenlanders working as employees of the Royal Greenland Trade
Department, the mission, the civil service or as hunters. Among other things, the letters voiced opinions about school
materials, salaries, the possibility for obtaining loans, the occupational situation, identity and cultural development.
Opinions were not only voiced in the two national newspapers, but also in local newspapers such as Sujumut (Forward/
Progress), Káumaliaq (Lighting), Nasigfik (Viewpoint), Tarqigssût (‘Firebrick’), where enthusiastic authors exchanged
ideas concerning local and national issues. In my paper, I present and discuss some of the opinions voiced by native
Greenlanders in the national and - to a lesser extent - the local newspapers from 1911 until the eve of World War II.
Johns, Alana
University of Toronto, ajohns@chass.utoronto.ca, Canada
Anaphoric Agreement In Eastern Inuttitut
The Aleut language is famous for its agreement pattern whereby a certain agreement pattern is found when the object
is absent from the clause, due to the fact that it has an antecedent in the discourse (Fortescue 1985; Sadock 2009; Berge
2010).. This paper provides evidence that eastern dialects of Inuttitut show a similar pattern of agreement that is very
much reminiscent of Aleut anaphoric agreement We see in i..that the ergative agreement pattern is used show agreement
with an object which has been mentioned in the previous clause. i. John kata-i-juk Kajotta-mik .abs drop-AP-intr.part.3s
cup-modalis ammalu Kajottak siKumi-mmat, also-and cup.abs break-caus.3s âkKi-sima-janga nipi-ti-guti-mmut. fix-perf.tr.3s/3s = erg. adhere-cause-instrument-allative ‘John dropped the cup and and then when the cup broke, he fixed it with
the glue.’ The similarity of this phenomenon between two varieties separated by both distance and time raises questions as
to whether it is a coincidence or whether there is some property of the language which gives rise to the phenomenon.
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Johnson, Noor; Kruemmel, Eva and Pulsifer, Peter
McGill University, noor.johnson@mail.mcgill.ca, Canada
This paper will discuss an on-going project involving 3 researchers and 4 Inuit communities in Nunavik (Kangiqsujuaq,
ELOKA/National Snow and Ice Data Center, USA
taken by Inuit and representing their families and/or their surroundings (human settlements, the land and landscapes),
Inuit Circumpolar Council-Canada, Canada
Umiujaq and Kuujjuaraapik) and in the NWT (Ulukhaktok, called Holman until 2006.) The project looks at pictures
Assessing The State Of Community-Based Monitoring For Integration With The Sustained Arctic
Observing Network
in familiar or unfamiliar settings (i.e: a campsite outside one’s community vs a southern city where one was visiting).
This presentation will describe an initiative to assess the current state of community-based monitoring (CBM) projects
across the circumpolar Arctic, and to support networking of projects and communities. The project is connected to the
Arctic Council’s Sustained Arctic Observing Network (SAON). Global environmental change research and decision-
making has led to the development of observing networks like SAON, which are intended to integrate environmental
data from multiple scales and generate information for different user groups, including government, industry,
researchers, NGOs, and citizen and community initiatives. Community-based monitoring has gained increasing
recognition as an important source of information about environmental change in the Arctic, yet it is significantly less
visible than scientific research conducted by southern-based researchers. This relative lack of visibility impacts the
ability of communities to support one another with their research initiatives. It also impedes the use of data generated
at the community level by regional and national governments and scientists. This project proposes to help begin to
address some of these gaps by developing an assessment of the state of community-based monitoring, as well as an
online atlas of existing projects. This project is in its early stages, and input from the audience and other panelists will
be sought to help refine the approach used. Issues such as different definitions and approaches to community-based
monitoring, ethical challenges related to data ownership and management, and long-term priorities and challenges for
Depending on the topic different methodologies are used for data collections. Véronique Antomarchi will mainly work on
family photo albums handed out to her by Inuit from Kangiqsujuaq, Umiujaq and Kuujjuaraapik. Béatrice Collignon will
build and analyze a collection of pictures taken by Ulukhaktuurmiut when travelling outside of their region and chosen
by themselves, at her request, as their “favourite” and/or “most representative” ones. Meanwhile, Fabienne Joliet (PI of the
project) will set a “landscape photographic observatory” in Kangiqsujuaq (Nunavik), with professional Inuit photographer
Yaaka Yaaka taking pictures of the same view 6 times/year from 2012 to 2014. This series will complement the one she
already gathered from 2009 to 2011 in the communities of Umiujaq and Kuujjuaraapik where inhabitants were asked to
take pictures of their favourite landscapes in their surroundings (the community and the most travelled land around).
Through the crossed study of these collections we seek to better understand Inuit self-representation of one’s self and one’s
culture, as well as raise awareness of the value of such self-representation, both among Inuit and non-Inuit. At this early
stage of the project comments and suggestions from the audience will be more than welcome.
Kaplan, Susan A.
Bowdoin College, skaplan@bowdoin.edu, USA
In a State of Transformation: Inuit Art and the Peary-Macmillan Arctic Museum
supporting community-based monitoring will be discussed.
In 2009, The Peary-MacMillan Arctic Museum, a small anthropology/history/natural history museum and part of
Johnston, Patricia and Tester, Frank
The Tolls promised to continue donating works to the museum for its education, research, and exhibition programs.
University of British Columbia, patriciajohnston@live.ca, Canada
University of British Columbia and University of Manitoba, Frank.Tester@ubc.ca, Canada
Power and Governance in Nunavut: Social Work as a Barrier To Culturally Relevant Child Welfare Practice
In Nunavut, as in other jurisdictions, both in Canada and internationally, a disproportionate number of Aboriginal
children are apprehended following reports of abuse or neglect. Steps have been taken in some jurisdictions to address
this reality by introducing more culturally-’appropriate’ forms of social work practice, and through institutional
arrangements intended to empower Aboriginal communities. However, the culture of social work practice, dominated by
norms, assumptions and moral mandates developed within western-European logic, and a state role in child protection,
remain pervasive despite texts identifying the best interest of the child as being ‘culturally bound’. Little research has
been conducted on these considerations and their reconciliation with Inuit culture in the case of child protection services
in Nunavut. Research conducted with social workers in Nunavut reveals that the commitment to Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit
(traditional knowledge) in child protection, given the mandate of the Nunavut government, is hardly realized. While
culturally-competent social work is the standard for child protection, most social workers, in the face of serious child
protection issues, desire more control and decision-making powers based on their own expertise; a reactionary, rather than
a critical response to child protection issues. This response may be facilitated by a current emphasis within social work on
‘professionalism’, internally-generated standards and norms by which social work practice is recognized and valued, rather
than a focus on understanding, respecting and contributing to the development of Inuit-controlled child welfare systems.
Joliet, Fabienne; Antomarchi, Véronique and Collignon, Béatrice
National Institute for Horticulture and Landscape, Angers, fabienne.joliet@agrocampus-ouest.fr, France
CERLOM (Centre for the Study of Languages and Oralities of the World), INALCO, Paris. veranto@club-internet.fr, France
University Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne Research team: UMR 8504 Géographie-cités (CNRS/Paris 1/Paris 7), Epistémologie et Histoire
de la géographie. Secondary Research group: GDR 3062 Mutations Polaires (CNRS), beatrice.collignon@univ-paris1.fr, France
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Learning From Inuit Self-Imaging Family, Familiar and Unfamiliar Landscapes Research Notes
Bowdoin College, received a major gift of 130 prints and carvings of Canadian Inuit art from Robert and Judith Toll.
Ultimately, their 600-piece collection will be housed at Bowdoin. A number of other collectors have followed the Tolls’
example and donated their contemporary Canadian Inuit art collections to the Arctic Museum. The Tolls decided to give
their collection to Bowdoin with the hope that the gift will be institutionally transformative, and because they liked
the way we use museum collections in our education of undergraduates, a sentiment expressed by other donors as well.
How does the influx of these collections relate to the museum’s mission and long range plan? How is the museum staff
adapting exhibitions and programs to include and use Inuit art effectively? What sorts of undergraduate projects have
the donations generated? What challenges does the museum staff face and what opportunities have emerged as a result
of the growth of our contemporary Inuit art collections?
King, Jonathan
University of Cambridge, jchk4@cam.ac.uk, UK
Historic Inuinnait Collections at the British Museum
This paper will introduce the Inuinnait collections at the British Museum. They will be situated within the ongoing project
Pitquhiraluavut Puigulimiatavut (We will not forget our ways) organised by the Northwest Territories Literacy Council,
in 2007. This is a collaborative partnership with the Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre in Yellowknife, Kitikmeot
Heritage Society as well as the community of Ulukhaktok, the University of Lethbridge and the Inuvialuit Cultural
Resource Centre. The aim of this visual repatriation initiative is to integrate knowledge of those collections with the
archaeological record of the late Thule and proto-historic periods and the visual and written history of explorers and other
visitors. Collected material from Inuinnait territory begins with the copper nugget obtained by Samuel Hearne in 1771. The
most important collection is that made by Richard Collinson (1811-1833) with Robert McClure (1807-1873), on the voyages of
the Enterprise and Investigator during the 1850s. The next comes from the private journey made by D.T.Hanbury (1864-
1910) in 1902. Of the 250 items about half relate to archery, and consist of sets of bows and arrows, with bow and quiver
cases. Most spectacular of the remaining materials are five sets of clothing collected by Collinson, and a single loon dance
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cap acquired by Hanbury. These are complemented by subsistence material, especially harpoons, darts, spears, fishing
equipment, and a wide range of tools fitted with iron and copper blades, exhibiting a strongly gendered bias in artefacts
collected. Most revealing about this material is the variation in form and materials, consequent to the introduction of
European metals, including smelted copper and iron, and the effects that this had on Inuinnait trade and culture.
Kral, Michael
finally appeared as a supplement to volume 163 in February 1983. To this day, Burch’s Peoples of the Arctic map remains an
unparalleled achievement. It bound under a common vision the enormous anthropological literature on Arctic peoples and it
‘completed the circle’ by expanding one compelling paradigm developed within the field of ‘Eskimo’ (Inuit) social anthropology
across the entire circumpolar world.
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, mkral@illinois.edu, USA
Krutak, Lars
Inuit have been impacted by White interventionists from the whalers during the mid-19th century to the 1920s, to
Shipwrecked in Siberia, or How a ‘Koriak’ Collection Came to the Sheldon Jackson Museum
How Has Colonialism Affected Inuit? Family and Relatedness as the Center of Social Change
missionaries, the fur trade, and police between the 1930s-1950s. While Christian conversion was swift, Inuit remained in
family camps in their subsistence lifestyles until the Canadian government took over their lives starting in 1957. During
National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, krutakl@si.edu, USA
It began as a mission of rescue. Two years after the American whaling bark Napoleon sank in frigid Arctic waters in 1885
unconfirmed reports surfaced of a man who had survived the tragedy; a man who was living with Siberian ‘deermen’ in
the 1960s and 1970s, the government era produced the largest and most impactful social change in Inuit history. Moving
one the least known regions of the world. As newspapers and popular weeklies quickly picked up the tale, a narrative of
electoral system, and a wage economy that created poverty and changed roles, responsibilities, ritual, and relationships.
of a little-known people we call the Kerek, the stranded whaleman’s story would never have been told. Drawing on
culture where relatedness is central to well-being, the effects have been problematic. This paper will highlight some of
surrounding the incredible true story of the nearly forgotten whaler J.B. Vincent and how the Sheldon Jackson Museum
Inuit into crowded settlements, sending children into day and boarding/residential schools, introducing a foreign
The most dramatic change of this imperialist/colonial intervention was on family and sexual/affinal relationships. In a
the negative effects of this culture change on Inuit. Yet Inuit are reclaiming control over their lives, and communities are
taking steps toward their well-being. This too will be discussed.
Krupnik, Igor
Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian Institution, krupniki@si.edu, USA
1880-1980: One Hundred Years Of Eskimology
human suffering, physical hardship, and courage emerged. But were it not for the acknowledged actions and generosity
long-forgotten journals, periodicals, and unpublished correspondence, this paper vividly evokes the historical events
acquired a ‘Koriak’ collection from the enigmatic people who saved him.
Kudlak, Emily; Bird, Joanne; Chambers, Cynthia
Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre, Canada
Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre, Canada
University of Lethbridge, chambers@uleth.ca, Canada
This opening paper defines the period in the session title (‘One Hundred Years of Inuit Studies’) and addresses major
Inuinnait Visual Repatriation
as ‘Eskimology’ underwent two major transformations, roughly in the late 1870s and in the 1970s. The first transition advanced
of Wales Northern Heritage Centre, and the University of Lethbridge. For seven years we studied how our people
developments that marked its beginning and conclusion. The field that we call today ‘Inuit Studies’ and that was once known
This research is a joint project with the Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre, the NWT Literacy Council, the Prince
the studies of the Inuit people from the primarily descriptive to a more structured professional realm. It opened several new
remembered “our ways” and passed on this knowledge. For the past three years we have worked with the British
research arenas (comparative dialectology, material culture, folklore, ancient sites, kinship, museum collecting) and introduced
new professional formats, like international scientific journals, meetings, governmental censuses, and scientific surveys. By
Museum on a visual repatriation project: we collected digital images of Inuinnait clothing and tools in the British
Museum, shared those pictures with elders and interviewed them. Two field trips were made to London and digital
the end of the 1880s, these transitions spurred the development of a special academic sub-discipline associated primarily with
video recordings were made of the visits. While it is sad that those very old numiut (dance parkas), kamiit (shoes), a loon
in the 1970s, once again, reshaped the field preoccupied primarily with the Inuit history, origins, linguistics and traditional
sewed and made tools 100 and 150 years ago, how designs changed and stayed the same. We can learn how women
Hinrich Rink and Franz Boas, though its name, ‘Eskimology,’ was not coined until several decades later. The second transition
culture, and transformed ‘Eskimology’ into the ‘Inuit Studies.’ It was spearheaded by the establishment of the Association
Inuksiutiit Katimajiit, the launch of the Études/Inuit/ Studies journal and ‘Inuit Studies’ conferences, and even more so by
the spirit of the Land Claims era in Alaska and Canada, the Greenland Home Rule act of 1979, and the Inuit Circumpolar
Conference (ICC). It introduced new paradigms focused on issues relevant to the contemporary Inuit people and communities.
hat, and tools are in London, we are thankful they have been preserved. . Through this project, we can learn how people
created contrasting patterns, and can try to arrange things in a similar kind of way. We see also how people used strips
of red ochre dyed skin, unique to the Inuinnait, to emphasise the cut of clothing. On completion, we will have over 3,000
images as well as digital video, and 3-D video of items selected by Inuinnait elders. Interested people will then be able to
see clothing and tools from our great-great-great-great grandfather Tangik’s era. Through the project, we can pass on the
The session will address major intellectual developments in the discipline between the two climactic transitions.
gift of the knowledge of our ancestors.
Krupnik, Igor
Kulchyski, Peter
Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian Institution, krupniki@si.edu, USA
University of Manitoba, kulchysk@cc.umanitoba.ca, Canada
Completing the Circle: Ernest (Tiger) Burch and His “Peoples of the Arctic” Map, 1979–1983
In March 1979, Ernest (Tiger) Burch was contracted by the National Geographic magazine to produce a circumpolar map
Public and Private In Pangnirtung Architecture
This paper will examine the built space of Pangnirtung, Nunavut, as a contested territory that articulates both colonial
showing the areas of indigenous groups in the Arctic for the journal’s special issue on the circumpolar regions. It was a
desires and mimicries on the one hand, and subversive recodings that reflect Inuit values on the other. The author has
their internal sub-divisions around 1825, the time for which no maps of Arctic peoples existed. The map tested his concept of
themes that have provided foci for his observations. The paper engages close readings of three major public architectural
them ‘nations’). For the map, Burch produced a list of about 350 indigenous groups he identified across Alaska, Greenland and
Centre - and raises a series of issues and questions around housing to argue that as a built space, the community exhibits
one-man assault on the unknown. Burch argued for a map featuring the distribution of the Arctic indigenous nations, up to
aboriginal ‘societies’ that Burch had coined in a series of papers on the North Alaskan Inupiat during the 1970s (he later called
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northern regions of Canada, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia, and organized along 11 language-based clusters. The map
been returning to the community for research and in the context of a summer school since 1985; this is one of several
sites in the community - the Auyuittuq Visitor’s Centre, the Uqqurmiut Artists Co-op, and the Angmarlik Interpretive
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a tension between colonial demands and local values. Following from the author’s previous work on the politics of body
language (‘six gestures’, in Critical Inuit Studies edited by Stevenson and Stern), the concept of embodied deconstruction
will be deployed as a lever for critically investigating the reconfiguration of the relation between public and private that
takes on a quotidian level, in everyday life, in a northern community like Pangnirtung.
Kupina, Julia A.; Milkhailova, Elena A.
Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, julkup@kunstkamera.ru, Russia
Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS, elmikh@kunstkamera.ru, Russia
Bridging Identities: Inuit Heritage In The Collections Of Peter The Great Museum Of Anthropology And
Ethnography (Kunstkamera)
largest Russian ethnographic museum, which has resulted in hundreds of collection items from Siberia and America.
This collection is a specific category of the cultural heritage - the overseas mutual cultural heritage taken to museum
music are performed in new venues. Heritage buildings are being restored as tourism attractions. The Inuktitut
language is being preserved and a core of interpreter/translators work in education and government. Research projects
including archaeological sites, traditional knowledge and tourism are opening new opportunities. A new Torngasok
Cultural Centre is being designed by an international award winning architectural design firm and with Parks Canada
planners a permanent exhibit plan is underway. The Centre will open in 2014 in time for Nunatsiavut to host the Inuit
Circumpolar Conference. The rich cultural traditions of the Labrador Inuit are being celebrated by the communities
and passed on for future generations.The new Cultural Economy of Nunatsiavut is an economic generator and a key to
cultural survival for the remote Nunatsiavut communities.
Lane, Jodie
Post-Secondary Student Support Program, jodie_lane@nunatsiavut.com, Canada
Preparation Is Key: The Evolution of a Successful Post Secondary Student
in St. Petersburg from America by a lot of travelers and researcher. It documents not only the Inuit heritage, but the
This presentation would take a look at the progress made by the PSSSP in the area of student preparation for post
into the modern understanding of mutual heritage as a complex historical and cultural phenomenon on the example
the PSSSP has developed aids and provided ways to overcome them. History - In the early 2000s, students that were
contribution of Russians and Europeans into intellectual investigation of the Inuit people. Its investigation contributes
secondary studies. I will look at obstacles and barriers faced by students from Nunatsiavut and the ways in which
of facts and materials from Russian-American history of museum collecting, intellectual exchange and co-operation
attending post secondary studies were encountering a number of issues that contributed to poor attendance, low
detailed description, documentation, publication and public programs and thus make them widely accessible. The
were not very well prepared to tackle the stresses of post secondary studies, let alone deal with living on their own
over 19th-21st century. The actual task of the Kunstkamera today is to preserve Inuit collections through digitalization,
paper will present concrete museum projects in this field over the last years, which contribute to the development and
investigation of the key modern idea that human actions, their ideas, customs and knowledge are the most important
retention and completion rates, as well as poor academic performance for those who did complete their studies. Students
and the responsibilities associated with it. Intervention - The PSSSP began a more aggressive counselling approach to
help prepare students to leave home, adjust to life in a post secondary setting, and succeed at school. At the same time,
and valuable aspects of cultural heritage and will bridge the values of different cultures through times. The reporters
counselling techniques and presentations were developed to begin front line work in the secondary school system, such
preservation and propaganda of Inuit cultural heritage collected and presented by the museums all over the world.
sessions have also been developed to encourage more parental involvement.
will suggest their point of view on how the museum curators may jointly develop goals and priorities for future in the
as Stay in School initiatives, high school career counselling, and grade 9 preparation for high school. Parent information
Lalonde, Christine
Laneuville, Pascale
National Gallery of Canada, clalonde@gallery.ca, Canada
Université Laval, pascale.laneuville.1@ulaval.ca, Canada
Poverty And Patronage, A Dialogue Towards Increasing Support For Inuit Artists
In addition to their cultural significance, artworks by Inuit are a key element of the northern economy. The discrepancy
To Be Or Not To Be? Involved in The Mining Industry: The Case of the Meadowbank Gold Mine
in Qamani ’tuaq (Baker Lake), NunavuT
concern. While artists have gained significant income from arts & crafts production, the market is not predictable
hunters of the Inuit community of Qamani’tuaq and their territory. This problematic implies first, the definition of the
between the commercial success of Inuit art at large and the often dire conditions of the artists has long been a
nor consistent enough to ensure long-term stability. Still further, dependency on the market alone does not usually
The goal of this research is to evaluate the effects of the Meadowbank goldmine on the relationship existing between the
notion of territory and secondly, an understanding of the contemporary - practical and symbolic - connections between
encourage experimentation which is crucial to keeping any art form vital. This session will consider whether other
the community and the space lying beyond the limits of the town. I hope in consequence to be able to determine the
will have speakers provide information and updates on the current challenges for artists, existing funding programs
imposes a new land-use regulation regime - affects and modifies said connection. These impacts notably include the
forms of funding can help close the gap as well as offer opportunities for artistic growth. The first part of this panel
and successful/unsuccessful case studies. The second part will be an open dialogue with the goal to identify needs not
currently met and explore solutions and collective strategies towards increasing public, corporate, and private patronage
for Inuit artists as well as arts, culture, and heritage organizations in the North.
Lampe, Johannes and Lough, Dave
Minister of Culture, Recreation and Tourism, Nunatsiavut, Newfoundland and Labrador, johannes.lampe@nunatsiavut.com, Canada
Deputy Minister Culture, Recreation and Tourism and Director Torngasok Cultural Centre, dave_lough@nunatsiavut.com, Canada
The Cultural Revolution of the Labrador Inuit
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The paper review the history of collection of the items of the Inuit traditional culture over the last 200 years in the
Canada. Artisans are now marketing through their own craft retail outlets. Drum dancers, throat singers and choral
manner in which the arrival of a mining company - one which gains property rights, constructs mining facilities and
spatiotemporal reorganization of activities on the land, as well as a certain improvement in the capacity to carry out
said activities, especially for those who benefit from the income afforded by employment with the company. However,
the advantages afforded by mining are not available to all, and the dynamic marking relations between the community
and the mining company reveals the presence of a number of issues related to local leadership and governance. Among
other problems is a differentiation, among members of the community, in access to employment and in job-stability,
as well as in involvement in the community consultation process. Whereas some people take the lead in this process,
others see in it but a loss of autonomy and reduced control over their relationship with the land, a sentiment which
moreover gives rise to a degree of concern relative to the well-being of the nonhuman inhabitants of the land.
In 2005 after a 30 year process the Labrador Inuit settled a historic Land Claim creating Nunatsiavut. The southernmost
Inuit population in the circumpolar world the Labrador Inuit are now building an economic base built on cultural
assets. Positioned as an Inuit Homeland the spectacular Torngat Mountains National Park is co-managed with Parks
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Langgård, Karen
Ilisimatusarfik/University of Greenland, kala@slm.uni.gl, Greenland
Rom Nansen’s Crossing Of The Icecap 1888-1889 To Hague Court 1933 - Greenlandic Attitudes To
Norwegians Around 1900
From Nansen’s crossing of the icecap 1888-1889 to Hague Court 1933 - Greenlandic attitudes to Norwegians around
1900 The project focuses on how Greenlandic relations and attitudes to Norway and Norwegians is mirrored in the
Greenlandic contemporary media, Atuagagdliutit (1861-) and AvangnâmioK’ (1913-), both of them published only in
Kalaallisut. It is possible to follow the Greenlanders’ responds to Nansen and not least to his Saami companions at his
expedition, and to Norway’s hunting at the east coast of Greenland and outside West Greenland around 1900. Further,
the Greenlandic newspapers show how the population of Greenland was informed about the escalating conflict about
Greenlandic discourse on the issue, and on how the Greenlandic spokesmen reacted towards the Danish colonizer’s
handling of the conflict about East Greenland, i. e. how they criticized both Norway’s demands and Denmark’s
negotiation manners. Focus will be on the discoursive means used by Greenlanders in the newspaper articles about the
issues mentioned above.
Lantto, Patrik
Centre for Sami Research, patrik.lantto@cesam.umu.se, Sweden
The Two Faces of Sweden’s Policy For the North: Indigenous Protection and Energy Production
In a recent policy document concerning development of wind power, the Sami Parliament in Sweden expresses grave
concerns regarding how this process is being handled, and has demanded a slower and more careful process based
on Social Impact Assessments before projects are approved, as well as veto power for local Sami communities if their
economic existence is threatened. In the document, the so far limited opportunities for local Sami communities to
influence this process are viewed as analogous to the earlier large-scale development of hydroelectric power in northern
Sweden during the twentieth century, where little or no concern was given to the rights and interests of the Sami. The
comparison with the hydroelectric power development is apt - despite the changed social context and more developed
Swedish Sami policy. The problems the Sami have experienced during the last century as a result of energy production,
stands as a contrast to the expressed goals of the Swedish Sami policy, both historically and contemporarily, to protect
the Sami. Historically, this was based on a view of the Sami as reindeer herders, and today as an indigenous people
with certain rights. This paper will analyze the historical development of hydroelectric power and the contemporary
development of wind power in Sweden, and discuss this against the stated goals of the Sami policy.
Laugrand, Frédéric
CIÉRA, Université Laval, Frederic.Laugrand@ant.ulaval.ca, Canada
Personal Experiences and Care: The Roots of Inuit Leadership, or How Felix Kupak Became a Christian
Leader
In the past, Inuit knowledge was always rooted in practice, and today, personal experiences remain essential to build
leadership. Yet, the introduction of schools brought many changes but to what extent these changes really affected
Inuit views? Drawing from Felix Kupak lifestory, I will focus here on understanding religious leadership, showing
the transformative power of personal experiences and the importance of care. Felix Kupak (1918-2005), a hunter and
carver, was a highly respected elder from Naujaat, Nunavut. He was a quiet man who was very much appreciated for
his knowledge. He was closely related to the famous Tirisikuluk. As a youth he often witnessed shamanic practices,
but he was not attracted to them. He explained that he thought that Christianity had more power and repeatedly
emphasized that angakkuit were unable to practise when he was present. Kupak was an orphan, he experienced
starvation and witnessed many murders. As a young man, he also experienced a powerful near-death experience and
this experience had a lasting effect on his life but also on his faith. Although an active member of the Catholic Church,
to become an angakkuq and probably refused a shamanic call, but accepted to share his recollections about seeing
angakkuit performing rituals. Although he valued Christianity more than angakkuuniq, his accounts also suggest that
Christianity, shamanism and Inuit qaujimajatuqangit were never clearly separated.
Lemelin, Harvey; Johnston, Margaret; Dawson, Jackie
Lakehead University, harvey.lemelin@lakeheadu.ca, Canada
Lakehead University, Canada
University of Ottawa, Canada
The Vulnerability of the Caribou Harvest in Canada
Caribou management in Northern Canada occurs within a context of various population stresses, forms of knowledge,
value systems, and purposes. Modern collaborative management approaches typically include possibilities such as
the reduction or the elimination of the sports hunt by non-locals, predator culls, the implementation of conservation
strategies (i.e., declaring the animal threatened or endangered), reduction of the traditional harvest, and complete
elimination of the hunt with periodic reviews and updates. Inuit communities have responded to concerns about
caribou population numbers or health by questioning the science and sometimes opposing calls for reduced harvests,
resisting the calls for reductions by continuing to hunt caribou, or willingly reducing harvest numbers through local
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East Greenland. Focus will be on when and how the population was told about the East Greenland situation, on the
he never was afraid to talk about angakkuuniq, shamanism, and even got interested in discussing it. He was told not
compliance. In this presentation we will examine how the elimination of the sports hunt and the listing of the species as
endangered or threatened, though perhaps the most politically feasible solutions, can have profound economic impacts.
In terms of the social economy that underpins many of the tourism and conservation activities in the north, eliminating
the sports hunt may actually increase the economic vulnerability of this sector since under this system local operators
and regional land holding associations must be compensated for lost revenues, while they develop new economic
opportunities. These issues in the context of caribou management and its potential ramification on commercial activities
in Northern Canada will be examined in this presentation.
Lemus-Lauzon, Isabel; Bhiry, Najat and Woollett, James
Université Laval, isabel.lemus-lauzon.1@ulaval.ca, Canada
Napâttuit: Historical Ecology of a Subarctic Forest Landscape, Nain, Nunatsiavut
Subarctic ecosystems are often considered as pristine and untouched environments. However, they have included the
presence of humans over thousands of years. Inuit and their predecessors have arguably shaped their environment
by occupying the land and harvesting its resources. Even though Inuit typically oriented their subsistence economies
and settlement patterns toward the exploitation of the marine ecosystem, terrestrial resources also played key roles in
subsistence activities. Among these resources, wood has particular importance across the circumpolar world and was
used as a fuel, raw material and otherwise in all manner of daily subsistence and social activities. In this study, we use
an interdisciplinary approach in order to document the changes that occurred in the forest landscape of the Nain region,
Nunatsiavut. We argue that the forest has been a dominant feature of Nainimiut historical land use and that the impacts
of wood harvesting have to be considered in the ecological studies of forest dynamics.
Leonard, Stephen Pax
University of Cambridge, spl42@cam.ac.uk, UK
Language, Place and Belonging in North-West Greenland: Some Phenomenological Thoughts
Polar Eskimo or Inuktun is the language of 700 Inuit hunters of north-west Greenland. As a dialect without a
standardised written norm, but closely related to Canadian Inuktitut and yet spoken in Greenland, it is a linguistic
anomaly whose aberrant phonology ensures that it is not understood elsewhere in the country. It is this language, sense
of place and kinship which collaborate to create a strong sense of ‘belonging’, helping to define this extraordinary
community in north-west Greenland. Belonging is rooted in the nuna or local cosmos which is shared by a small, dense
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network of kin relations. But, it is a sense of belonging that needs to be reaffirmed, maintained and nurtured. The
Inugguit understand that their language of 770 speakers and their hunting on the sea ice way of life set them apart from
the rest of the world. But, they also understand the threats to this ancient, non-negotiable identity: the principal one
period the collections of the Natural History Museum of the University of Edinburgh were amalgamated with those the
Industrial Museum of Edinburgh. The University was a collecting institution in the late seventeenth century, and under
being climate change. This paper presents some initial thoughts on how place, belonging and language are intertwined
Professor Robert Jameson (1804-1854), the arctic collections developed through Admiralty donations most notably from Parry’s
of language’. These observations with regards to the ‘experience of language’ are made in the context of phenomenology.
Hudson’s Bay Company factors in Fort Anderson, Fort Simpson, and York Factory to collect according to criteria formulated by
hut on the sea ice in a gale, the sounds of the storyteller’s voice merge with the sounds of nature.
arctic explorer Dr John Rae (1813-1893), made in the 1850s, were gifted as a means of memorial by his wife. A further collecting
to create such a tight-knit community, but also speculates as to the relationship between sense of place and ‘experience
This is a society where gesture is as important as words, where speech trumps writing and where sitting in a hunters’
Letitia Pokiak, Henry Cary and Mervin Joe
UBA Anthropology, Independent Researcher
Parks Canada Agency, Western Arctic Field Unit
Parks Canada Agency, Western Arctic Field Unit
Contemporary Inuvialuit Involvement in Archaeological Projects in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR)
There have been many opportunities for Inuvialuit involvement in archaeological projects in the ISR. The capacity of
second voyage (1821-3) and Beechey (1825-7). In 1857 the Industrial Museum of Edinburgh, newly founded, commissioned
the Director George Wilson (1818-1859). By 1862 more than 400 items had arrived in Edinburgh. In 1904, the collections of the
moment is noteworthy. In the 1930s the botanist, explorer, filmmaker Isobel Wylie Hutchison (1889-1992) was sponsored by
the Museum to make a collection in Alaska, having donated items from Greenland. This paper will explore collectors and
commissioning bodies and how they operated within a broader history of ideas. It will consider institutional locations - physical
and intellectual - and will bring this reflection up to the present, briefly describing new displays and future ambitions.
Lim, Tee Wern; Satterfield, Terre and Tester, Frank
University of British Columbia, teewern.lim@gmail.com, Canada
involvement ranges from recording Inuvialuit elders knowledge of known traditional sites, to archaeological field work
The Social Dimensions of Mine Closure: Lessons from Nanisivik, Canada’s First High Arctic Mine
Island allowed Inuvialuit to gain more experience in not only archaeological research, but also in Inuvialuit history.
cumulative social impact assessment work exists for mineral industry activity in the Canadian Arctic - particularly the
of Inuvialuit heritage in light of oil and gas development in the Beaufort Sea and Mackenzie Gas Pipeline. Another
reviews emerging propositions for the social life cycle of mines, and linked processes of closure and remediation. We
opportunity to gain knowledge and experience of their heritage and preservation. Inuvialuit involvement in Arctic
with residents of Arctic Bay, we pay express attention to Inuit concerns with closure planning. While extensive
employment and training. Most recently, the 2010 and 2011 archaeological surveys in Aulavik National Park on Banks
Other projects include surveying known archaeological sites and searching for new ones, as part of the preservation
project involved a dig along the Mackenzie River, through which high school and college students were provided the
Archaeology has been a positive one, for the training of the people and for the benefit of the research.
L’Hérault, Vincent and Lemus-Lauzon, Isabel
Mineral development is considered central to Nunavut’s economic development strategy. Yet comparatively little
mine closure process, which has typically neglected community expectations of post-operation conditions. This paper
report on the Nanisivik lead-zinc mine on northern Baffin Island, in production 1976-2002. Drawing from interviews
disappointment over the handling of the mine’s closure is revealed, more surprising is discontent with the company
and government’s misunderstanding of what future uses of the site and related goods were foregone. In conjunction,
analysis of the archival records of the former federal Department of Mines, Energy and Resources, and contemporary
Université Laval, isabel.lemus-lauzon.1@ulaval.ca, Canada
documents including Nanisivik closure submissions, presents a stark contradiction between promise versus delivery:
Arcticonnexion : Bridging Arctic Research And Northern Communities
Nanisivik’s limited contribution to Arctic Bay’s development capacity, and the community’s economic challenges post-
Center for Northern Studies
ARCTIConnexion is a student initiative that aims to bring together southern based arctic researchers and northern
community members. In the last decades, a growing effort was undertaken to involve Inuit and northern stakeholders
into Arctic research. Moreover, the value of traditional ecological knowledge was recognized and has received
increasing attention from scientists. In the fields of environmental sciences however, a lot of work is needed in order to
establish a real and meaningful collaborative research framework, one in which communities are participating in every
between the optimism of the mine’s initial proposal, and the lived experiences of the mine and its subsequent closure.
closure, indicate need for expanded guidelines for mine closure planning. Existing bonding requirements should be
expanded to address concrete targets and the means of realizing improved, community-driven social outcomes at closure.
These might include: the fate and transport of materials, the use of infrastructure post-closure, and the conditions that
provide for future use and economic development at former mine sites.
step. Also, a lack of knowledge subsists regarding Inuit culture, history and contemporary challenges, which can create
Lincoln, Amber; Plattet, Patrick
Through a program including workshops, round tables, a library of knowledge, exhibitions and northern movie
University of Alaska Fairbanks, Canada
communication and collaboration problems between environmental sciences researchers and community members.
screenings, ARCTIConnexion is providing information and engaging discussion with students and researchers about
several social aspects of the North. In addition, we are undertaking projects such as student exchanges and the creation
of a virtual course that will help connect northern and southern based students. Our program also fosters networking
and collaboration with existing organizations (among others Arctic college network and Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami).
Lidchi, Henrietta
National Museums Scotland, h.lidchi@nms.ac.uk, UK
Exploration, Trade And Science: The Multiple Roots of a Northern Collection.
The National Museums Scotland North American collections have a Northern emphasis attributable to Scots activity
and interest. The arctic collections are especially rich, traceable to the earliest beginnings of the Museum and
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systematically collected thereafter. The most substantial period of growth was the nineteenth century. During this
University of Alaska Fairbanks, aalincoln@alaska.edu, Canada
Reindeer Herding, Migration Waves and a Sense of Place in the Alaska Peninsula
This paper explores the connections between introduced economies, immigration and people’s relationship to landscapes.
At the end of the 19th century, reindeer herding was first introduced to Alaska’s Seward Peninsula as part of a dual effort
to shore up perceived food shortages for Alaska Natives and to assimilate Alaska Native hunters into entrepreneurial
herders. Over the next twenty years, the U. S. Reindeer Service extended to the coastline regions of Alaska, including
the Alaska Peninsula. Both Saami herders from Scandinavia and Inupiat herders from the Seward Peninsula moved to
the Alaska Peninsula to help establish the reindeer industry. Local Yupiit and Alutiit apprenticed with Saami and Inupiat
herders, eventually becoming successful herders. Although the reindeer industry of the region fizzled out by the 1950s,
memories and stories of herding remain strong for residents today. This paper details accounts of historic herding uses of
the land while providing the context in which these stories are shared today. It also details how the legacies of Saami and
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Inupiat historic activities are made manifest through vernacular terms, place names and stories. Ultimately, this paper
addresses how some local families of the Alaska Peninsula develop notions of belonging to places by reflecting upon the
of the rights of Indegenous peoples’ rights to culture and language.
Lister, Kenneth R.
MacDonald, Joanna Petrasek; Harper, Sherilee; Willox, Ashlee Cunsolo; Edge, Victoria
and the Rigolet Inuit Community Government
Royal Ontario Museum, kenl@rom.on.ca, Canada
University of Guelph, joannamacdonald08@gmail.com, Canada
Contemporary fibreglass kayaks, or those with fabric covers over metal-alloy frames, all have an Inuit ancestry. If this is
A Necessary Voice: Climate Change Observations and Perspectives from Inuit Youth in Rigolet,
Nunatsiavut, Canada
Andrew Oyukuluk, exclaim, “That’s not a kayak!” Oyukuluk made his statement in the surround of traditional skin-on-
The importance and value of including youth voices in Northern climate change research and policy development
the intertwining elements of land and water, mortal and spirit. The subject of Oyukuluk’s statement, on the other hand,
conducted with Inuit youth (12-18 years) and young adults (19-25 years) in Rigolet, Nunatsiavut, Canada to explore
Oyukuluk’s statement?simple, yet profound?draws attention to the ‘inauthentic’ elements of the contemporary kayak
Climate, Changing Health, Changing Stories project in Rigolet, a multi-year community-driven project dedicated to
reindeer industry and waves of migration to the Alaska Peninsula in the early 20th century.
“That ’s not a Kayak!”: Form, Function, and Cultural Appropriation
true, why then when viewing a fibreglass kayak on exhibition at the Royal Ontario Museum did Tununirusirmiut elder,
frame kayaks that were displayed to illustrate their role in a hunting culture. In this context, the truth of the kayak is in
was a product designed for a purpose foreign to Inuit needs with few qualities an Inuit kayak hunter would recognize.
Department of Population Medicine
are frequently overlooked. In order to address this gap in research and policy, this presentation will discuss research
the observations and perceptions of climate change in their community. This research emerged from the Changing
in a non-indigenous system of production and consumption. Of equal significance though, Oyukuluk’s statement gives
using qualitative methods and digital media to study the impacts of climate change on health and well-being. To gather
frame by Andrew Oyukuluk and Simon Qamanirq in Arctic Bay, Baffin Island, and a Hudson Strait kayak collected by
trapping in and around the community, data were collected through in-depth interviews. The participants reported
in the context of Inuit culture. Oyukuluk’s commentary draws attention to traditional knowledge held within museum
climate and environmental changes are altering travel conditions and access to hunting; the impact of these changes on
voice to the concern over the appropriation of Inuit identity. With particular reference to the construction of a kayak
James Williams Tyrrell in 1885 - both in the Royal Ontario Museum collection - this paper explores the role of the kayak
collections as the skin-on-frame kayak embodies Inuit values and ways of being. Oyukuluk’s statement also provides
insight into the Inuit perspective on the appropriation of cultural knowledge.
Lyberth, Aviaja Anna Storch
Ilisimatusarfik/University of Greenland, avly@slm.uni.gl, Greenland
Communicating Culture in Greenlandic Public Service Media
The presentation will be based on my ongoing MA thesis on how culture is presented through the National Greenlandic
Broadcasting Company, KNR TV. Greenland has in the last decade attracted interest by various international media,
especially regarding global warming, oil exploration, Alcoa project etc., and has gradually become a tourist attraction. There
information about youth observations and perceptions of changes in the land, snow, ice, sea, weather, hunting, and
substantial climatic and environmental changes throughout their lives, and five main themes emerged: the ways in which
Inuit culture; the concern that youth have for Elder well-being in the face of these changes; the strong emotional responses
youth expressed because of these changes; and youth-identifying adaptation strategies. Considering the significant
changes facing Northern youth, their families, their culture, and their communities, researchers and leaders have an
obligation to discover what motivates youth and effectively educate, engage, and include this group in future climate
change work, research, dialogue, and policy.
MacRae, Ian
imacrae@wlu.ca, Canada
Contemporary Studies & Journalism, Wilfrid Laurier University Brantford
is no doubt that other cultures have some ideas about who the people are as well as they might have some ideas of what
Beyond the Shamanistic Principle: Interpreting Dorset Carving Today
all that entails. An interesting question is how do Kalaallit perceive their own culture? Globalization in Greenland means
are priceless, irreplaceable artworks that deserve to be better known, appreciated, and understood. The contemporary
kind of culture they form themselves by. Some ideas are surely that Kalaallit (Greenlanders) are ‘indigenous people’ with
more availability of technology. My interest in exploring the self-ascribed culture is based primarily on contemporary more
advanced programs in Greenlandic television - as opposed to the traditional versions. The various programs mediate culture
with diversity, with a touch of recognisability, and with a sense of the current trends which are generated by the effects of the
globalization trends. The theoretical considerations are a variety of global definitions of cultural concepts, which I lean on in
the arguments about the Greenlandic culture. Theories considered are: culture as distinction and hereby a making of identity;
culture as a unifying concept; culture as a legacy and maintenance of traditions; culture as a right for indigenous peoples,
etc. Methodologies used in the research: a media analysis and a qualitative research, which will illustrate the contemporary
culture that is mediated and staged to the public by a modern globalized, and by local citizens of Greenland.
Lynge, Aqqaluk
Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC), aqqaluk@inuit.org, Greenland
The Greenland Story: History of Language Identity, Literature and History
Dorset art objects make up one of the premiere Canadian museum collection in any mode, form, or genre. Some of these
context for the interpretation of Dorset carving is informed by Swinton and Taylor’s twinned, seminal papers in 1967,
which championed “The Magico-Religious Basis” of Dorset Art. Based on work in museum collections, this paper
suggests that such an interpretive paradigm, in which Dorset art is related to “shamanistic religious practices,” that is, to
totemism, animism, and sympathetic (primarily hunting) magic, may well work to reduce, simplify, and overdetermine
what a marvelously complex field. Through analysis of an already recognized but under-interpreted mode in Dorset
carving - the “zoomorphic series” of naturalistic carvings, particularly of bears and seals - this paper posits alternative,
quotidian or demotic, interpretations of Dorset material culture.
MacRae, Ian
imacrae@wlu.ca, Canada
Contemporary Studies & Journalism, Wilfrid Laurier University Brantford
Siqqitiq (Crossing Over): Paradoxes of Transculturation in ‘The Journals of Knud Rasmussen
Greenland’s first school book was the “ABC” printed in 1739 and the first translation of the Bible in 1744. The first
As director Zacharias Kunuk explains, ‘The Journals of Knud Rasmussen’ (2006) tries to answer two questions that
Greenlander’s writing was printed in 1857. In recent years up to 50 titles are published in the Inuit language of
cultural history, when powerful external forces converged in Northern Foxe Basin, and when the Iglulingmiut, who
hymns used by the Lutheran mission are from 1761. The first novel was published in 1839 and collection of the
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Greenland. The survival of a language (or dialect) is depended on the overall use of the language and the recognition
haunted me my whole life: Who were we? And what happened to us?? The film tells of a crucial moment in Iglulingmiut
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knew how to believe, changed the contents of their stories, what they believe. They also changed their ceremonies of
belief, particularly the songs and stories associated with the conversion ritual of siqqitiq, the communion with which
the film ends at Igloolik. As Bernard Saladin d’Anglure observes, most field studies of Inuit religion took between
place between ethnographers who were able to talk to former shamans, most of the time at the very moment of their
conversion to Christianity? (1997). If Avva hadn’t already converted in the spring of 1922 (Mathiassen 194; Rasmussen
1927), Rasmussen wouldn?t have his texts, this knowledge wouldn?t be available as script. This is the enabling condition
of Avva?s discourse ? the fourteen-minute monologue at the heart of the film, with one of his tuurngait, spirit helpers,
lingering over his shoulder. It is also an element the film entirely elides, thereby creatively transfiguring the established
historical chronology, and providing insight into the film?s methods and intentions. In Journals, Avva banishes his
helpers well after his interview with Knud, at film’s end when he arrives at Igloolik. This is a historical anachronism, in
that one couldn’t talk so openly about one’s spirit helpers, lest they be recruited or corrupted by another shaman. Avva
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examine these paradoxes of transculturation in this film, and what they mean to Igloolik Isuma’s self-stated project of
Inuit cultural transmission and recovery.
Manrique, Eliana
Kativik School Board, Eliana.Manrique@kativik.qc.ca, Canada
Kativik /McGill Teacher Training Program
The Teacher Training Program that the Kativik School Board has developed with McGill University is firmly grounded
the south as well. If one is looking for Inuit poetry, then, one should perhaps turn to this performative body of ‘texts’;
after all, given the song traditions out of which Inuit poetry emerged, it is hardly surprising that Inuit poetry continues
to be chanted and sung, rather than written and read. The question that drives this paper, however, is whether or not
‘poetry’ is a suitable term for the corpus of works referenced above. ‘Poetry’ refers simply to something that is crafted or
made, yet its connotations of textuality may be inappropriate for the predominantly-oral Inuit tradition. Furthermore,
the word ‘poetry’ conjures a particular type of readerly relationship with the text. Does the solitary, analytical work
of reading poetry resonate in any way with the reactions of Inuit audiences to the pisiit (personal songs), the iviutiit
(embarrassing songs), and the sakausiit (sacred songs) of shamans and singer-songwriters? If not, then how can we
indigenize the study of Inuit poetry within the academy? Rather than simply pouring Inuit songs into poetic molds
for the purpose of creating diverse course content, how can scholars use the study of Inuit ‘poetry’ to effect larger
methodological shifts within the discipline of Indigenous Literatures?
Martin, Thibault
Université du Québec en Outaoauais, thibault.martin@uqo.ca, Canada
Tourism and Aboriginal Governance in Canadian Circumpolar Protected Areas.
Recently Aboriginal populations, who were until now denied any kind of input in the governance of protected areas,
are now invited to contribute as ‘equal partners’, in the management of the national parks implemented on their
territory. In Canada an Aboriginal Affairs Secretariat was even created in 1999 within Parks Canada to facilitate their
participation in the governance of Canada’s natural and cultural heritage places. When this ‘true partnership’ really
on two strengths of our Inuit staff in Nunavik: a) their experience in child rearing and b) the use of Inuktitut as
occurs, Aboriginal communities take advantage of their capacity to influence ‘management plans’ to bring forward new
train the first teachers by taking into account this experience. Second, it was evident that Inuktitut, as a key cultural
of tourism is a key issue for Aboriginal peoples. While tourism could represents a treat to their conservation objective
mother tongue. First, child rearing skills were acquired by Inuit women at a very young age. Hence, it was possible to
manifestation that communicates a worldview that cannot be translated, needed to be the language of instruction. As
successful as it has been, the Kativik/McGill training program today faces many challenges. One is attracting more
trainees. Another is developing programs that do not take them away from their communities for long periods of time.
In addition, as academic knowledge deepens and strays from historic experiences, new vocabulary must be developed.
Some options that need to be explored are online courses and innovative in-service training.
Marquardt, Ole
Ilisimatusarfik/University of Greenland, olma@ks.uni.gl, Denmark
Between science and politics - Hinrich Johannes Rink
H.J. Rink (1819-1893) is recognized as one of the founding fathers of Inuit studies. As it was, Rink was not only a great
scholar with an impressive list of scientific publications. For about thirty years he was also a very influential member of
the narrow group of people which ruled Denmark’s colonial empire in Greenland. In my paper I present some of Rink’s
main contributions to the scientific study of Inuit cultures and societies. Following that, I show how Rink’s political
initiatives aiming at protecting the environment and at promoting their cultural heritage. In this respect the question
it also represents an opportunity for them to promote their heritage. In this paper, we will discuss how Aboriginal
peoples try to articulate the protection of their territory with the promotion of their culture. We will see that they try to
achieve this goal by ‘sharing’ with visitors their way of life and values and by demonstrating the relationship that exists
between their territory and their culture.
Martin, Zoya A. and Tallman, R.F.
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Zoya.Martin@dfo-mpo.gc.ca, Canada
Increasing Inuit Presence in Fisheries Research: A Collaborative Program Between Arctic College
Fisheries and Oceans Canada Designed to Encourage More Inuit To Choose A Career in Nunavut
Fisheries Research.
and
Increasing Inuit Presence in Fisheries Research: a collaborative program between Arctic College and Fisheries and
Oceans Canada designed to encourage more Inuit to choose a career in Nunavut fisheries research. The number of
beneficiaries that retain employment in Nunavut Fisheries Research is staggeringly low. This may be due to a number
priorities and his interests as a high ranking colonial administrator not only stimulated, but deeply influenced his
of factors such as; low retention in secondary education, lack of knowledge regarding what fisheries research is and its
Martin, Keavy
College has developed a scholarship and work experience program designed to address some of these issues. The goal
scientific study of the past and present situation in Greenland.
University of Alberta, keavy@ualberta.ca, Canada
How Do You Say ‘Poetry’ in Inuktitut
When Knud Rasmussen collected Inuit songs throughout Arctic Canada in the 1920s, he referred to the singers whom
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can only talk about spirits after one has ceased to believe in their power - a contradiction the film does not entertain.
This is also the missing detail that has enabled this knowledge to be transmitted cross-culturally. In this presentation I
musicians like Lucie Idlout, Elisapie Isaac, and Beatrice Deer, continue to entertain audiences across the Arctic - and in
benefits and lack of work experience in fisheries research. Fisheries and Oceans Canada in collaboration with Arctic
of the program is to increase student awareness and work experience in fisheries research hopefully resulting in gainful
employment for students following graduation. This program is in its infancy, is this program working, where are the
pitfalls and where are the successes?
he encountered as ‘poets’, and to their compositions as ‘poetry’. Yet more recent poetic works by Inuit artists have not
taken the usual form of lyrical compositions published in chapbooks and in anthologies; contemporary Inuit verbal
performance, however, is thriving, as spoken-word artists like Taqralik Partridge and Mosha Folger, along with
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Mason, Aldene H. Meis; Dana, Leo-Paul and Anderson, Robert B.
University of Regina, aldene.meismason@uregina.ca, Canada
emerging realities of climate change in today’s world. Notably, they illuminate the world of Nunavut’s youth and young
University of Regina, Canada
College’s two-year diploma program in Environmental Technology hail from the communities of Rankin Inlet, Iqaluit,
University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Future Directions for Inuit Extractive Industry Development in the Nunavut and the Northwest
Territories
This case study focusing on Nunavut and Northwest Territories examines extractive industry forecasts; documents
Inuit concerns about social, environmental and cultural impacts; illustrates Inuit approaches to reconcile concerns using
government regulatory processes and corporate partnerships; and provides suggestions. Methodology - Mixed methods
approach: in-person interviews with key informants from Inuit organizations, government, business, academia, communities
in the Northwest Territories and Nunavut were combined with selective document reviews from government project
approval processes, corporate partnership agreements, and monitoring reports. Findings - 1. Land claim settlements,
legislation changes, court decisions and experiences with approval processes and projects have positioned a new era
for Inuit. 2. Inuit need money and jobs for self-reliance and to participate in culturally important traditional economies.
Demographics and socio-economic conditions push Inuit to explore opportunities. 3. Increasing global demand for metals
and non-metals and increasing commodity prices up make it economically feasible for development in Nunagat. 4. Inuit have
adopted a pragmatic approach to provide IQ, capture concerns, participate in approval processes and projects, and enter into
partnership agreements which minimize and mitigate negative impacts, and accentuate the positive. 5. Inuit experiences with
consultation, approval processes, and projects varied greatly. 6. Partnership strategies are working: Inuit gain employment;
take investment positions; mitigate environmental, social and cultural impacts; and participate in monitoring and adjustment
activities. Research implications - Longitudinal follow up is necessary to document Inuit perspectives of the impacts and
benefits of extractive industry development. Practical implications - This timely study informs Canadian policy makers, Inuit
communities, businesses and researchers.
Mathiassen, Ivalu I.
Ilisimatusarfik/University of Greenland, ivma@slm.uni.gl, Greenland
Lotte Inuk’s the Hunger Sculptress From a Cosmopolitan Point of View
This presentation will look into selected perceptions of Greenland and Greenlanders during the introduction of Home Rule in
Greenland in the late of 1970’s. My focus is on cultural meeting according to cosmopolitanism. In my analyses, I draw special
attention to the relation between Danish and Greenlandic culture. On the basis of the novel The Hunger Sculptress (in Danish:
Sultekunstnerinde) by Lotte Inuk, I will discuss how the Place polygamy and how cosmopolitan outlook are described and
how these appear within a Danish point of view, as well as I will focus on the cultural differences, that are dealt with. The
theoretical frame will take an out spring from the cosmopolitanism theory in the light of Ulrich Beck’s theories about
sociological perspectives generated in globalization.
McEwan, Michelle L and Carpenter, Jason
Nunavut Arctic College, jason.carpenter@arcticcollege.ca, Canada
Our Worlds Of Change: Phenological Examinations of Oral History and the Emerging Realities of Climate
Change Through the Eyes of Youth and Young Adults of the Eastern Canadian Arctic (In Video and Photovoice)
Arctic College Environmental Technology Students from Nunavut, Canada present a Video and Photovoice compilation
of Indigenous knowledge on Phenology through the eyes of their peers and community members, in the wake of several
years of observable effects of climate change in the Arctic. Phenology is a branch of science dealing with the relations
between climate and periodic ecological phenomena (such as bird migration, plant flowering, or ice break-up). In contrast
to many Indigenous Knowledge studies on climate change, these interviews do not follow a semi-directed, snowballed
methodology beginning with elders and active hunters. Rather, the students use their personal relationships with their
own community members to explore both learned (through oral history) and experienced (personal history) knowledge
adults, who are themselves being forced into leadership on climate change adaptation. The students of Nunavut Arctic
Gjoa Haven, Clyde River, Kimmirut, Sanikiluaq, Arctic Bay, Pangnirtung, and Rigolet, Labrador.
McGregor, Cathy
Government of Nunavut, cmcgregor@gov.nu.ca, Canada
Curriculum Change in Nunavut: Connecting the Past and Future
Curriculum development in Nunavut is centered on responding to the strengths and needs of Inuit students. This
presentation outlines the movement towards reconceptualization of schooling in the Canadian Arctic over the last
20 years, led by Inuit educators and community partners demonstrating remarkable personal and professional
commitment and courage. It focuses in depth on the Nunavut curriculum framework founded on Inuit identity, culture
and language. Through a unique development and implementation process that begins with Elder consultation, Inuit
Qaujimajatuqangit has become the basis for all Nunavut Department of Education curriculum initiatives. A range of
made-in-Nunavut program components are intended to support this purpose. They include a module on Inuit land
claims history, Staking the Claim: Dreams, Democracy and Canadian Inuit, Aulajaaqtut or health and wellness core
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about changes in their natural surroundings over the last 15-20 years. The interviews juxtapose historical lessons with
courses, and the forthcoming Inuit residential schools history unit. Nunavut schools have a responsibility to make local
histories accessible, engage with the intergenerational effects of residential schools, and support students to connect the
past with the future as part of learning and becoming able human beings with a strong sense of self-determination.
McGregor, Heather E.
University of British Columbia, heather.e.mcgregor@gmail.com, Canada
Inuit Residential Schools Experience: Histories, Memories, Education
Inuit residential school survivors and their allies are demonstrating a commitment to including more Inuit histories
and memories in discourses. They are also supporting work to make these traces of the past accessible to Nunavut
students through history education - in a school system now fully directed toward meeting the strengths and needs
of Inuit students. This presentation introduces key themes in the session overall, including: residential schools history,
educational change, curriculum development, and the vision for a social studies unit on Inuit residential school
experiences for Nunavut schools. Education in Nunavut has undergone significant change since the mid-20th century
when Inuit students began attending residential and day schools. The advent of formal schooling was one of the most
significant mechanisms that contributed to undermining traditional Inuit education, the integrity of Inuit families, and
the relationship between Inuit and the environment. Reviewing documentation of Inuit residential schools histories and
memories to date, as well as connecting this unique curriculum development initiative with literature on decolonizing
education and engaging historical consciousness, it is evident that Nunavut curriculum development initiatives are
now contributing to ensuring individual and collective histories and memories of colonization are not lost, forgotten or
ignored. This illustrates the possibility of turning painful legacies into opportunities for Inuit students to learn about
histories that are relevant to their communities, engage with the memories of their ancestors, and in turn put such
memories in service to the present and future.
McLain, Allison Young
McLain Heritage Consulting, mclainconsulting@gci.net, USA
Unangax’ Art and Magic
My recent research on a petroglyph reportedly removed from Shemya Island in the western Aleutians Islands of Alaska
led to a renewed interest in Unangax’ art, and a study of Unangax folklore. This paper will discuss magical guises, spirit
protectors, demons, magical acts, colors, and personal items described in Unangax’ folklore collected by Waldemar
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Jochelson during his work in Aleut communities in 1909 and 1910. I will then discuss Unangax’ objects and decorative
motifs that represent the intersection of art and magic in the everyday life of Unangax’ people.
McLisky, Claire
University of Copenhagen, cmclisky@hum.ku.dk, Denmark
Parallel Worlds, Poles Apart: Representations of Early Protestant Missions in Greenland and Australia
in Comparative Perspective
This paper takes a comparative look at the effects of Protestant missions in Greenland and Australia in the first 50
years of colonization (1721-1771 for Greenland and 1788-1838 for Australia), and their subsequent representations up
until the present day. As European colonies ‘at the ends of the earth’, Greenland and Australia were fields in which
enormous implications for Inuit and Australian Aboriginal peoples. In both contexts, missionaries had significant
power over the Indigenous people they ministered to, and were often responsible for cultural loss and even the
physical removal of children from their families and communities. Yet Christian mission was a contested undertaking:
contested by Indigenous peoples; by local settlers and traders; by the colonial authorities in England and Denmark; even
by the missionaries themselves. In mission reports and propaganda, government reports and more formal histories,
commentators in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries represented missions, missionaries and Indigenous peoples in a
variety of ways, and increasingly, Inuit and Aboriginal peoples gained the tools and the opportunities to represent their
pasts themselves. In a ‘postcolonial’ context these histories have only become more contested, and still play a crucial role
in negotiating the relationships between the descendents of the colonizers, and in both contexts. By considering a cross-
section of these sources in both Greenland and Australia, this paper seeks to show what can be learnt from placing Inuit
and Aboriginal histories in comparative perspective.
McNicoll, Paule
University of British Columbia, Paule.McNicoll@ubc.ca, Canada
Breaking the Colonial Cycle in Inuit-Qallunaat Collaboration
When Inuit and Qallunaat meet, structural differences and historical habits muddle communication and may even serve
to perpetuate colonial rules of power. These dynamics are largely unconscious and, therefore, difficult to change. In this
paper, I will present a review of the literature on the topic of cross-cultural communication in the context of colonial
relationships and document examples of how new insights help us challenge the way the Nanisiniq Arviat History
Project functions.
Milne, S. Brooke; ten Bruggencate, Rachel; Park, Robert and S. Douglas
Lakehead University, hmoeller@lakeheadu.ca, Canada
Acting as an Inuk Based on a Southern Understanding: The Implications of Cross Cultural Health
Education and Health Care in the Arctic
In Arctic Canada and Greenland it is not possible to receive a university level education in health in the local languages,
taught by local instructors. In addition, secondary education is most often not taught by local instructors in local languages.
These circumstances place specific demands on Inuit in order to enroll, thrive in, and complete university education in
health. In order to graduate as nurses Greenlandic and Canadian Inuit must have the ability to communicate in at least two
languages and cultures, the ability to negotiate and interact with at least two ways of being in the world and two ways of
learning and teaching, and the ability to negotiate and relate to at least two ways of perceiving the body, health and disease.
Inuit nurses and students are ‘double cultured’. This makes them extremely valuable for the Arctic healthcare systems
and for Inuit health care recipients. While Inuit nurses and students have enjoyed levels of success and wellbeing in their
educational journey that are afforded few Inuit, they recount obstacles in their educational journey that may be barriers for
other Inuit. These include preferred mode of pedagogy, language and communication style, and orientation to structure
and time. Listening to their experiences and ideas, and basing recommendations for change in primary and secondary
educational institutions on these, may allow instructors with no background in the local languages and cultures to serve
Inuit in such a way that more are able to enter and succeed in secondary and post secondary education.
Montgomery-Andersen, Ruth
PhD Scholar at the Nordic School of Public Health Project Director of the Inuulluataarneq CBPR Project, Ilisimatusarfik/University
of Greenland, rumo@uni.gl, Greenland
‘Songlines and Touchstones’- Greenlanders Tell About Birth in a Changing Society
Birth and birth culture is different in different societies and has its own value sets, cultural norms and concepts of
security. The use of storytelling is a part of the Greenlandic culture and childbirth is one of the events that give rise
to stories, a tradition that makes each story and each interviews conducted a potential narrative. Seventeen individual
interviews and nine focus groups were conducted as series of interviews from 2003- 2006. Five follow-up in-depth
interviews were done three with fathers and two with culture bearers, between 2009 and 2011. By using storytelling
theories and narrative analysis methods, I will look at the family and society’s perception of support giving during
the perinatal period in an intergenerational perspective. The goal of this presentation is to present new concepts and
knowledge about the perinatal period and to present childbirth and its position within the Greenlandic society. It links
the changes in choice, in birth and in the place of birth with the concepts of family, attitude and community structure. It
looks holistically at the place of birth with a focus on the issue of family support during the perinatal period.
University of Manitoba, milnes@cc.umanitoba.ca, Canada
Morrow, Charles
University of Waterloo, Canada
Immersive Sound As a Tool for the Preservation of Experience
University of Manitoba, Canada
Sourcing the Stone: A Geochemical Analysis of Palaeo -Eskimo Technological Organization on Southern
Baffin Island, Nunavut
The Palaeo-Eskimos are the earliest inhabitants of the eastern Arctic and are well known for their small, sophisticated
lithic toolkit. The most common type of stone used by Palaeo-Eskimo toolmakers was chert. On southern Baffin Island
the geology is such that chert is scarce in many coastal regions yet is abundant in the island’s interior where it can
be found in widespread surface scatters. Our ongoing geochemical analyses of this toolstone indicate that both early
and late Palaeo-Eskimos were exploiting chert from the interior. These data appear to suggest long-term continuity in
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missionaries tested their approaches to the evangelization of people from cultures very different from their own, with
Møller, Helle
MorrowSound, misterbowler@gmail.com, USA
It is now possible to capture and playback live events and places in True3D sound, to bring them back in 3D so they can
be attended elsewhere, at another time, in 3D. You can blow-up old audio and soundtracks from stereo and surround
to 3D to allow one to enter into the space of the recording, that is the past event of anywhere in the world. This talk is
coordinated with the installation of True 3D sound in main exhibit area in the International Gallery and as part of an
outreach to educate and join hands with people interested in the preservation of the audio present and activation of
the audio past. This is especially important for the Arctic where sound has such extraordinary character and powers,
cultural and historical meaning to northern people.
Palaeo-Eskimo technological organization and seasonal land use patterns, despite inferences elsewhere of significant
differences in land use between early and late Palaeo-Eskimos. This paper discusses our most recent results and their
implications for our understanding of Palaeo-Eskimo culture in this region of the Arctic.
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Morton, Jamie
The Manitoba Museum, jmorton@manitobamuseum.ca, Canada
The Early Inuit Collections of the Hudson’s Bay Company
From its initiation as a trading company in 1670 the Hudson’s Bay Company maintained ongoing contact with Inuit
and other indigenous populations. This commercial activity provided opportunities for HBC-associated visitors to
collect a variety of Inuit objects. Early 19th century travelers noted Inuit women creating ‘image toys’ of tools, kayaks,
and clothing, to trade to visiting ships. Later in the 19th century the HBC, in cooperation with British and American
institutions, supported ‘scientific,’ or ethnographic, collecting. In 1920, for its 250th anniversary, the HBC began to
assemble an ‘historical collection’ to commemorate its role in Canadian development. Organized by the Ottawa-based
ethnographer Harlan I. Smith, Inuit collections formed a key component of the HBC Collection. Typical of his era, Smith
the years following World War II, a renewed interest in the Canadian arctic contributed to HBC involvement in the
commerce in Inuit art, some of which was incorporated into the HBC Museum Collection. The Inuit collections within
the HBC Museum Collection reflect an interesting tension. The effort to select ‘authentic’ objects that reflect traditional
life was countered by the commodification of Inuit cultural production in response to Euro-North American markets.
Ironically, the latter trend can be attributed in large part to the economic and social change brought by the merchant
capitalist system of the HBC.
Müller-Wille, Ludger
McGill University, ludger.muller-wille@mcgill.ca, Canada
Inuit and the Arctic Environment: Scientific Approaches and Interpretations by Franz Boas between 1881 & 1886
Based in the reading and analysis of publications, diaries and letters, which the emerging scientists Franz Boas wrote
Further analysis will determine the possible linguistic factors (e.g., phonological or morphological environment) and
sociolinguistic variables (including age, dialect, and length of time in the south) that may account for the deletion of
word-final consonants. This paper also discusses the implications of consonant loss for morphological diversity and
clarity. Finally, possible causes of this phonological change are discussed, including natural language change and
intergenerational language attrition.
Nagy, Murielle
CIÉRA, Université Laval, murielle.nagy@fss.ulaval.ca, Canada
Inuvialuit Identity as Reflected Through the Use And Memory of a Common Territory
With the signature of their 1984 land claim, the Inuvialuit officially redefined themselves by encompassing three
linguist groups: the Siglit, the Uummarmiut, and the Kangiryuarmiut (who call themselves Inuinnait). The Siglit
are the original population that occupied the Yukon coast up to Cape Lyon in the east and now live in the coastal
communities of Tuktoyaktuk, Paulatuk and Sachs Harbour on Banks Island. The Uummarmiut are the descendants
of Inupiaq speakers from Alaska who moved to the Mackenzie Delta and live in Aklavik and Inuvik. The Inuinnait,
whose dialect is more similar to that of the eastern Arctic Inuit, live in Ulukhaktok on Victoria Island, although some
families are in Sachs Harbour. This paper will discuss how these three groups have built a common identity which goes
beyond a unifying language since most people under 60 do not speak any of the three Inuvialuit dialects. The base of
their identity is the sharing of a vast territory and its oral traditions. Indeed, through oral history and toponyms, the
Inuvialuit are keeping a record for future generations of the ways their ancestors lived on that land. Since not all parts
of this territory are actively used, some of that heritage could have been lost but oral history projects undertaken by
the Inuvialuit have kept it alive. Interviews with Inuvialuit elders have demonstrated various degree of knowledge
regarding place names and the stories associated with them depending on their experience of living on the land.
in German between 1881 and 1886, this presentation will identify and assess systematically Boas’ earlier contributions
Examples from different areas will be presented.
This analysis will include in particular his extensive Habilitationsschrift ‘Baffin-Land’ he submitted to the Friedrich-
Nango, Joar
problematic, preparations, and conduct of research. I will point out his successes, failures, innovative questions and
Land and Language - Indigenous Hiphop in a Globalized World
to arctic geography and anthropology before and after his seminal research with the Inuit of southern Baffin Island.
Wilhelms-Universität at Berlin in 1886. In this paper I will discuss Boas’ academic departure, research design and
themes, immediate research results, and publications and other projects concerning Inuit that occupied him into the
early 1900s. This will be followed by an assessment of his international collegial network in cultural anthropology, his
influence on colleagues and students - and, ultimately, his legacy in Inuit Studies today. The goal of the contribution is to
raise the awareness of Boas’ early beginnings, which were very much situated within the context of German academic
traditions in both Geographie and Völkerkunde and have not fully been recognized by the research community.
Murasugi, Kumiko and Christie, Elizabeth
Carleton University, kumiko_murasugi@carleton.ca, Canada
Word -Final Consonant Deletion In Inuktitut Speakers
All languages change through time, and Inuktitut is no exception. Dorais (2010) provides many examples of structural
changes that have occurred in Inuktitut in the past century. Our paper investigates a case of phonological change
observed in the language of present-day Inuktitut speakers: the deletion of consonants in word-final position. The
study focuses on the deletion of the final consonants q, k and t in the verbal agreement suffixes -juq, -juk and -jut, and
in the case suffixes -mik, -mit, -mut and -kkut. Oral narratives were collected from 20 Inuktitut speakers living in
Ottawa, Canada, whose task was to narrate a wordless picture book called Frog, Where are You? (Mayer, 1969). A second
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emphasized the preservation of material culture illustrative of what was perceived to be a disappearing way of life. In
Furthermore, when deletion does occur, it seems to occur more frequently with case endings than verbal suffixes.
Sámi artist and architect, joarnango@gmail.com, Norway
From being an important political expression related to the Afro-American black-rights movement in the states in the
1970s and 1980s, Hip-Hop has today developed into a global format that with its accessible and vernacular approach
provides a direct and easy way for young activists and artists to express themselves politically. This also goes for
indigenous youths and tribal youngsters of today. Hip-Hop as an expression shares much resemblance to the ancient
traditions of storytelling. It is direct and immediate, and has no need for advanced technology to reach its destination.
Indigenous Hip-Hop creates an interesting case on how threatened languages and local musical traditions when merged
with universal and global hip-hop beats and samples create a new typology of political artistic expressions. In a much
similar way as the Black Rap-Pioneers from New York in the 1970s raised consciousness and awareness about identity
and origins, the indigenous youth of today’s Sápmi, the Maasai savannah, or the mountains of La Paz are shedding light
on the important questions related to identity and cultural survival in a globalized and shrinking world. The project
Land and Language is a research-based art-project that aims to create a space for these new political and oppositional
voices of our contemporary indigenous worlds. Through the sharing of music and video, the project wants to show
examples of modern indigenous cultures adapting and belonging in a world of constant change and movement, and
thus escaping the static image of people stuck in time.
task, an English-to-Inuktitut sentence translation task, specifically elicited case and agreement endings. Preliminary
results reveal a strong tendency toward consonant deletion among younger speakers (under 30) with both case and
agreement suffixes. Older speakers (over 50), on the other hand, have a higher rate of consonant retention than deletion.
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Nickels, Scot
Noongwook, George
Inuit Qaujisarvingat: The Inuit Knowledge Centre, Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, nickels@itk.ca, Canada
Savoonga Whaling Capt Assn, Native Village of Savoonga, gnunguk@hotmail.com, USA
Nurturing the Relationship: Linking Scientists, Inuit and their knowledge in the Canadian Arctic
The Importance of Traditional Knowledge Studies to the People of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska
Arctic research has always had broad implications for Inuit – whether Inuit as research subjects, participants of research,
Traditional knowledge is essential to the survival of our people on St. Lawrence Island. As one example, we were able to
greater. Simultaneously, Inuit have been effectively increasing their involvement in research and have been integral to
our ancestors. More recently, we documented traditional knowledge about bowhead whales to help us protect our hunting
the betterment of Inuit, but also for the advancement of sustainable Arctic science and policy. Inuit recognize that there
to the large Bering Sea Project. Studies such as these, when conducted with appropriate permissions and oversight by the
or driving the research. Today, the demand for Inuit involvement and knowledge in Arctic research has never been
ensuring the appropriate inclusion of Inuit knowledge in many programs and initiatives. This is being done not only for
rights at the International Whaling Commission, and we documented our knowledge of our ecosystem as a contribution
Tribal Council, can help us share what we know and participate effectively in management of our animals.
the recent Inuit-specific experiences, interests, and emerging processes related to Arctic research and policy in Canada.
Nweeia, Martin T.
are constructive and mutually beneficial.
Knowledge Hunters and Gatherers
Nielsen, Flemming A. J.
Integrating traditional knowledge and science challenges the very nature of thought and the expression of ideas across
Ilisimatusarfik/University of Greenland, flni@teo.uni.gl, Greenland
observations of Inuit traditional knowledge come from one person observing one thing, at one time. Traditional knowledge
This presentation will highlight some of the challenges and solutions in bridging scientist-Inuit partnerships so that they
Religious Language in Inuit Christianity
When Christianity entered Inuit territories in the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries, rapid conversions
usually ensued, and various strategies were employed as regards the development of Christian religious terminologies,
written languages, and the procurement of devotional literature. When concepts belonging to a European agricultural
religion originating in the Ancient Near East were imparted to the nomadic cultures in the Arctic world, two types of
Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, martin_nweeia@hsdm.harvard.edu, USA
these knowledge frames. Science looks for quantifiable data to gain statistical significance, while often the most significant
is inclusive and observations are made in context to the environment while science is reductionist, trying to isolate one
variable in a cause and effect relationship. How do we better understand, integrate, help, and appreciate each other’s
methods of thinking to better understand the Arctic environment?
Nyland, Kelsey E. and Klene, Anna E.
linguistic problems may be identified: There are religious and moral ideas and characters such as God, Devil, angels,
The George Washington University, knyland@gwmail.gwu.edu, USA
to the Ancient Near Eastern agricultural and political world that have no counterparts in the Arctic, such as many
Iñupiaq Ice Cellar (Si’-uaq) Thermal Regime Monitoring Barrow, Alaska, USA
salvation, the Holy Spirit, good and evil, Heaven and Hell, and there are the secular and natural phenomena belonging
The University of Montana, USA
animals and plants, kings, emperors, and the Biblical geography. How were such problems dealt with in the diverse Inuit
Warming air temperatures throughout arctic Alaska have resulted in increasing ground temperatures. This is thought to
communities? And what became of Inuit’s pre-Christian religious ideas in the new churches? Based on a number of Inuit
Bible translations extending from Greenland to Alaska I intend to review both types of the said linguistic problems and
compare the ways that Inuit’s religious languages were affected by Christianity in different places and times.
be the primary force jeopardizing the structural integrity of traditional Iñupiaq ice cellars used to store large quantities
of meat from subsistence hunting. Recently reported failures of ice cellars on the North Slope include instances of
flooding, partial thawing and slumping of walls, and even complete collapse. Five cellars in Barrow, Alaska (71º
Nikkel, Kevin
North Latitude, population 4,500) were instrumented in 2005 with Onset TM HoboPro dataloggers to record bihourly
Five Door Films, kevin@fivedoorfilms.com, Canada
year. This work summarizes both the spatial distribution of cellars in Barrow and trends and anomalies observed for the
Filmmakers and the Far Fur Country: Contrasting the Journeys North in 1919 and 2012
temperature data. There are now seven years of continuous temperature data and specific humidity data for this last
five instrumented cellars. This information will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of this form of refrigeration and to
This paper contributes a narrative account of a project titled Return of the Far Fur Country, coinciding with the return to
evaluate potential sustainable strategies to preserve this traditional practice.
strategy for community screenings across northern Canada, the current project returns to communities such as Kimmirut,
Odgaard, Ulla
in 1920, Romance of the Far Fur Country and Trials and Tribulations of a Cameraman, give a window into the filmmaker’s
Mounds, Myths and Houses. Palaeo -Eskimo Structures in the Igloolik Area.
records in the Hudson’s Bay Company Archives in Winnipeg, and the unpublished journals of Harold M. Wyckoff, lead
1960s. In some houses, skulls from seals have been deposited in a way that could be interpreted as ritual. During his field
Canada of rare silent films of the Hudson’s Bay Company shot in 1919. Using the trail of the filmmakers of 1919 to form a
Nunavut to connect with local elders and gather oral histories on camera. Two of the newly re-discovered films released
journey across Canada to capture the workings of the Hudson’s Bay Company at that time. Research based on the textual
cameraman on the journey, give his impressions, motivations and approaches to filming the north. As the current project
returns to the same regions and communities filmed by Wyckoff and the HBC, contemporary filmmakers are revisiting the
cultural and geographical content in the archival footage with their own impressions, motivations, and approaches. New
Sila - The National Museum of Denmark, ulla.odgaard@natmus.dk, Denmark
This paper presents houses and other features from the Igloolik sites excavated by Jørgen Meldgaard in the 1950s and
work Meldgaard also set out to find Palaeo-eskimo graves, and he believed that he did. An assortment of cairns, pits, and
mounds were designated ‘graves,’ and indeed some of them contained human bones. A new interpretation, however,
suggests that at least some of these structures are not the material remains of burials, but rather reflect other kind of rituals
questions surface as we visit communities in 2012 to screen the footage and to film the north like Wyckoff did. Can we
performed by the Palaeo-eskimos. Many of the structures had been reused or looted previously, but one Late-Dorset
cinematic time capsule support the cultural distinctness and identity of the Canadian Inuit?
possible to distinguish a sequence of acts, which find their counterparts in a myth told by the historical Yupik.
identify the Inuit people in the archival footage? What oral histories emerge as elders respond to the footage? How can this
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are many opportunities and challenges to building sustainable Arctic communities and to finding innovative ways
that connect Inuit knowledge to sound research, planning, and policy development. Presented here will be some of
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start whaling again at Pugughileq after a gap of nearly a century, because we remembered the stories and the teachings of
structure in a small mound was well preserved. The excavation revealed human bones together with artifacts and it is
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Olsen, Karl Kristian and Lynge, Aviâja E.
Otte, Andreas
Inerisaavik, ael@inerisaavik.gl, Greenland
University of Copenhagen, otte@hum.ku.dk, Denmark; Ilisimatusarfik/University of Greenland, Greenland
Reforming Education in Greenland as a Decolonizational Process
The Greenlandic Underground Enigma - When Inuit Go ‘Alternative’
In the Greenlandic contribution to this circumpolar comparative investigation on self-termination in Inuit Formal
Greenlandic record companies, and especially the major company Atlantic Music, have their main focus on releasing
Schooling, the focus will be on the dialogues that Inuit in Greenland were creating to formulate policies on education
in all levels based on values, language, and culture in Greenland. The chapter describes and analyzes the influence
and change processes that took place amongst Inuit in Greenland in order to reformulate the Greenlandic post-
colonial education from preschool to university. The major goal in the educational reforms was to change the colonial
educational system based on Danish legislation and to create and implement a reformed education system based
on research on education and the Greenlandic values and culture. What succeeded in the ambitious reform works
equipment means that more of this music is now reaching audiences on the internet. Furthermore some of the
performers and fans have organized concerts in the capital Nuuk, in order to promote the local underground scene. The
musical forms in this scene are sometimes quite different from that of more established artists. What is immediately
noticeable about the underground music scene is that it seems to be much more internationally oriented than the
established music scene. Greenlandic is not necessarily the most used language when singing or growling; the artists
teaching the public school teachers at a higher academic level, looking into the efforts of implementing a reform for the
conspicuously look outside the borders of Greenland toward other alternative artists for audible and visual inspiration,
Oparin, Dmitriy
to discuss what motivates local youth to spend time an efforts on these activities. Are they just being manipulated by
children through the teachers.
Moscow State University
The Commemoration of the Dead Among The Siberian Yupik. Contemporary Ritual Practice In Its Diversity
There are different types of ritual feeding practiced by the contemporary Siberian Yupik population. It is quite
widespread to feed objects - drawings, stones brought from the cemetery, symbolic miniature objects such as the
clothing items of a deceased or tiny sculptures. People feed their ancestors for specific purposes (to improve weather,
for help with a problem, even to find a car on the way to their home village) and at different places - at the cemetery, at
home, in the sea or at abandoned settlements. They feed particular deceased people (even if they are not their relatives),
entire clans or simply all the ancestors without specification. The main preserved hunting ritual of lowering boats into
water is a feeding ritual accompanied by a throwing of cigarettes and reindeer meat into the water or fire. Feeding
although much of their activity takes place and aims at audiences within the local community. In my paper I am going
the global subculture industry to consume and reproduce foreign commodities and identities? Is the Nuuk underground
scene populated by young agents who want to reach out and drag the world closer to Greenland by constructing
cosmopolitan events locally? Or should we find other ways to explain these activities?
Owens, Sarah Jane Grace, OwensS@si.edu, USA
Andrew W. Mellon Fellow in Textile Conservation
National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution
Yup ’ik Fur Parkas and Boots: Deteriorating Factors and Conservation Options
ancestors has become so widespread that sometimes it is done everyday before a meal - people just pinch tiny bits of
The poster will describe a current Andrew W. Mellon Postgraduate Conservation Fellowship research project at the
(aghqesaghtuq) that is held once a year in autumn or twice a year in autumn and spring, however it is held by some
to treat fur objects and clothing, drawing on information from both museum conservation and Native repair methods.
the food inviting ancestors to eat with them. But the core ritual of feeding the deceased is a commemoration of the dead
Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian. The research aims to access the materials and techniques used
families in summer. This ritual is practiced by almost every Yupik family with the exception of individual Christians
Initial literature searches have highlighted useful references on Alaskan culture and the manufacture of fur clothing,
number of nuances and differs from one family to another. In my report I am planning to describe the ritual in its
clothing from World Culture collections. Looking at the Arctic collections, specifically Yup’ik fur parkas and boots, at
and newcomers. Though the plot of the ritual of remembrance of the dead is quite simple, the ritual itself it has a great
diversity and through the description reveal some features of the contemporary Yupik intellectual culture.
Orr, Jack
Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Jack.Orr@dfo-mpo.gc.ca, Canada
New Approaches for Linking Science and Indigenous Knowledge: Toward a More Complete Story of the
Arctic System
The Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) is responsible for the management and conservation of Canada’s fish
and marine mammal stocks. Several of these stocks are an important source of food, income, and cultural integrity for
however, there seems to be limited published literature addressing the problems of storing, treating and mounting fur
both the Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian and the National Museum of Natural History a list of
condition issues has been complied. The research aims to: determine methodology and the fabrication techniques used for
construction, and to establish the contributing factors of the deterioration. The research investigates how Native construction
and repair sewing techniques relate to standard conservation techniques. The functionality of the object will be discussed
and working in collaboration with Native artists, what the best methodology and approach is for the treatment.
Parady, Elizabeth Skiles
North Slope Borough School District, lisa.parady@nsbsd.org, USA
indigenous residents of the north. Community consultation and cooperative approaches to fisheries management will
Curriculum Alignment Integration and Mapping - A North Slope Experience: The Policy and Process of
Integrating Culture, History, and Language with Alaska Standards
agencies in Canada’s north over the past 20 years, through land claim agreements, there are now more established
Issues of self-determination in education for indigenous peoples are common across the globe, whether for the Inuit in Greenland,
be discussed as an integral part of how DFO does business. With the development of several non-government wildlife
guidelines in place for discussing and sharing information about the research of various fish and marine mammal
the tribes of the western U.S., or the Iñupiaq of the North Slope of Alaska. The North Slope Borough was founded in 1974, against
creates a better, overall, understanding of the species. In addition to the formalized avenues of exchange, DFO also uses
education is still at issue, particularly when considered in the context of federal and state accountability measures. One effort to
species, and how they should be managed. Exchange and integration of scientific and local knowledge is proving that it
a variety of other pathways, including shared field camps and presentation/participation at co-management workshops.
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in Greenland and what was not succeeding? Furthermore, there will be given an account into the experiences with
music with Greenlandic lyrics aimed towards a broad national audience. This has condemned much Greenlandic
‘alternative’ music to practice-rooms around the country, but digital development and drop in prices on recording
tremendous state and corporate resistance, primarily to take control of education. Despite progress since then, control over
resolve this long-term concern is the Curriculum Alignment Integration and Mapping initiative of the North Slope Borough School
District. Currently in year two of a five-year process, the initiative’s fundamental premise is to integrate Understanding by Design
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(UbD), a nationally recognized framework for designing curriculum, instruction, and assessment, with the Iñupiaq Learning
law to secure the actors’ rights and conditions. This law was included in the new Self Government coalition agreement
Alaska State Content and Performance Standards is being accomplished. The ILF was created from community input regarding what
March 31, 2011 showing an appropriated Greenlandic-Danish version of Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe (1719) performed
in the ILF. It acknowledges the geographic and cultural context within which our students live. The District’s mission states:
object of the presentation is to argue against the ‘old’ concept of culture as a coherent entity attached to specific areas
a foundation and framework that fits both traditional and modern, Iñupiaq and Western worlds.
of culture, which - especially during the latest decade - a rising number of talents among artists and musicians have
Partridge, Taqralik
does not consist of a single culture, but many cultures. Culture is currently subject to negotiation and as such changing
Framework (ILF). The ILF is the foundation upon which the integration of the Iñupiaq history, language, and culture with the
an 18-year-old should know and be able to do. Our current policy and process work guides curriculum development that is based
“Learning in our schools is rooted in the values, history, and language of the Inupiat.” Our task is to provide students with
Avataq Cultural Institute, taqralikpartridge@gmail.com, Canada
Taqralik Partridge, originally from Kuujjuaq and based in Montreal, is a writer, spoken-word artist, and prominent
by two Greenlandic actors. The National Theatre has increasingly become a key symbol of Greenlandic culture. The
and ceremonial events at specific events. In return the paper argues for a combination of old and new concepts
been experimenting with, re-interpreting key symbols as well as the ‘sacred’ symbols. The argument is, that Greenland
according to historical interests and according to interaction with the rest of the world. Culture will always reflect a
community, where a specific ethnie acts and expresses itself according to the symbols, which make sense for the specific
ethnie. That is, the symbols which are worth maintaining, worth developing and worth re-interpreting. However, the
emerging voice in the Inuit and Canadian literature scene; her short story “Igloolik” recently won first place in the 2010
confusion about the concept of culture seems to originate from the co-existence of: the different academic approaches;
and exquisite rhythms her experience as an urban Inuk as well as larger reflections on homeland, community, and
are jumbled together.
Quebec Writing Competition. Her spoken-word poetry - available on Myspace and YouTube - reflects in vivid language
the smalltalks at the quotidian level and finally the politicization of culture. The confusion rises when these discourses
belonging. “Our family tree,” she writes, “is really / rivers, branching out over / thousands of miles.” Taqralik will
Pedersen, Kennet
the shaping and dissemination of Inuit literature.
Ilisimatusarfik/University of Greenland, kepe@ks.uni.gl, Greenland
perform some selections of her work and will also discuss her experience as a writer, performer, and active participant in
Payne, Carol
Carleton University, carol_payne@carleton.ca, Canada
“Collaborative Media: Photography, Visual Repatriation the Web and Inuit Cultural Consolidation”
This paper will introduce a visual repatriation project in which I am collaborating with the Inuit training program
East Greenlandic Angakkut - Revisited and Rehabilitated
On the background of the availability of new historical sources, a change in theoretical perspectives, and a keener
awareness of the interferences of religious prejudices among early missionaries and Christian ethnographers - the
time seems ripe to reconsider and reinterpret the rich corpus of descriptions (from 1884 until 1921 - and even today)
of the ‘last’ (East) Greenlandic shamans, their world view, therapeutic practices, and prophetic functions. This paper
Nunavut Sivuniksavut (NS), the Library and Archives Canada, and the Geomatics and Cartographic Research Centre
intends to share with my international colleagues an overview of these new literary sources (from Thalbitzer and
communities about photographs made by the Canadian government from the 1940s through the 1960s. Adapted from
Illorqortormiut, and an attempt to frame these findings into a theoretical picture which draw in the renewed interest
of Carleton University (LAC). For the project, NS students conduct oral history interviews with elders from their home
and in collaboration with Project Naming, an initiative of NS and LAC, this project aims to foster intergenerational bonds
Sandgreen among others), new results of a collection of reminiscences of angakkut among elder people in Tasiilaq and
of animism, perspectivism, and multinaturalism. Lastly, this paper with reflect on the possibilities of rehabilitating the
and use archival photographs to encourage discussions about Inuit culture. The methodology that guides this project,
cosmological understanding of the East Greenlandic angakkut in a still operating context of internal colonialism, resting
as a whole is ‘visual repatriation,’ which according to the anthropologist Elizabeth Edwards constitutes the return
on the premises that West Greenlanders represent civilization while their East Greenlandic compatriots are denigrated
of visual culture to the Aboriginal communities they depict (Edwards, 2001). In contradistinction to photo-elicitation,
as still immaturely undeveloped.
these undertakings are initiated by or conducted in collaboration with the Aboriginal groups represented. In the work
of such Aboriginal artists, writers and curators as Thomas and Tsinhnahjinnie and Anthropologists Edwards, Phillips,
Peljhan, Marko; Biederman, Matthew; Ittuksarjuat, Harry Ikirapik; Van Rosli,
Muhhamad Hafiz and Kim, Kon-Hyong;
Poignant, Fienup-Riordan, Brown and Peers, Driscoll Engelstad, and Geismar among others, visual repatriation results
in the reclamation and recoding of western or non-indigenous representations. While this paper will introduce the
Haskel, Lisa; Uyarak, Terrence; Qaunaq, Tyson; Bazo, Danny; Yerkes, Karl
project as a whole, it will specifically discuss the use of the web in this collaborative work as a vehicle for reaching and
University of California Santa Barbara, peljhan@mat.ucsb.edu, USA
Geomatics and Cartographic Research Centre of Carleton University.
SPACE-SI, Slovenia
involving Inuit communities. Here, I will specifically discuss the cybercartographic atlas developed for the project by the
Pedersen, Birgit Kleist
Ilisimatusarfik/University of Greenland, bipe@slm.uni.gl, Greenland
The National Theatre of Greenland: Symbol of New Representations?
C-TASC, Canada
The Arctic Perspective Initiative and its Trandsiciplinary Quest For Data and Traditional Knowledge
Fusion Through the Development of an Open and Free Sensor Network Based Land and Climate
Knowledge System of Systems
The Arctic Perspective Initiative is a non-profit international group of individuals and organizations whose goal is
The Governmental Department of Culture under the Home Rule arranged a seminar on culture in December 2008 with
to promote the creation of open authoring, communications, and dissemination infrastructures for the circumpolar
statement report on culture from 2004. The result of this seminar in 2008 was that a working group was established to
empower the North and Arctic Peoples through open source technologies and applied education and training. In
creative artists - which was eventually realized May 16, 2010. Furthermore the seminar agreed upon demanding a theatre
and communication system, the SINUNI (SILAMILU NUNAMULU NIPILIURUTI) SINUNI is a low power, compact,
about 70 attendants from all sections of the cultural area. The overall goal was - once again - to update the latest political
go on with concrete proposals for establishing an umbrella organization including all the categories of practicing and
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Thick in Blood
in 2009, and implemented on January 1, 2011. Eventually The National Theatre of Greenland had its opening night on
region. Its establishment is the direct result of the work of the IPY project 417. It aims to work with, learn from, and
2010/2011 API developed and for the first time experimentally deployed a robust open hardware sensor network
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modular, and waterproof portable sensing, computing, and recording family of devices, based on Arduino architectures
the collaborative approach implemented by the Museum and its willingness to strengthen aboriginal governance in the
used in the software and hardware development ensure the system can be built, modified, and replicated in the North.
meetings. A short video will bring together different sets of issues emphasizing the challenges of such meetings.
and intuitive language independent interface. During fieldwork in Nunavut environmental, wildlife observation, and
Peterson, Kelsey and Bradshaw, Benjamin
implementing true mesh networking capability through low power radio and precise geo-location. Open standards
The units enable geo-located audio recording and flora and fauna observations and note taking through a simple, robust,
traditional placenames/trail data was collected. The main goal at this stage is to enable a true collaborative engagement
of indigenous field citizen scientists, collecting raw data and LTK entries, with the Arctic science complex, ensuring
University of Guelph, bbradsha@uoguelph.ca, Canada
Heterogeneous Experiences with Mining: A Case Study of Baker Lake, Nunavut
the ownership and provenience of the data is clearly connected to the people and work and life on the Land and can be
The Meadowbank gold mine has generated new experiences for the people of the Hamlet of Baker Lake, Nunavut. Based
Pellerin, Glorya and Qalingo, Lucy
community life, some positively and some negatively, though it is also clear that individual experiences with, and opinions
Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, glorya.pellerin@uqat.ca, Canada
benefits of mine development (e.g. Inuit Impact and Benefit Agreements (IBAs)) have been utilized as if there is a homogenous
controlled and freely shared between and understood by the communities.
Ikaarvik School, Puvirnituq, lucy.qalingo@kativik.qc.ca, Canada
Implementation of a Supportive Approach By Videoconferencing For the Inuit Teachers Training: An
Inspiring Experimentation
on interviews with Hamlet residents in summer 2011, it is evident that mine development has impacted many aspects of
of, these impacts have varied greatly. Despite this variation, mechanisms designed to mitigate impacts from and capture the
experience with mining. Baker Lake residents hold varying opinions on, for example, the impact of mine income, the impact on
local businesses, family and community well-being, and the future of Baker Lake youth. Notably, the institutional disconnect
between the experience of mining and its regulation, which is a function of Inuit-determined institutional arrangements, was
To improve the quality of training currently offered to Inuit teachers in two Nunavik communities, Puvirnituq and Ivujivik,
invoked by many Baker Lake residents as a widespread, notable impact of the mine in that it has limited Hamlet involvement in
and Tamaani (the Internet provider), are working to provide a consistent distance learning approach in these communities.
this way, these arrangements have added to, rather than ameliorated, historical processes of disempowerment.
appropriate manner and with respect for the Inuit identity. The investigator of this development research and an Inuit
Pokiak, Letitia; Cary, Henry and Joe, Mervin
a team of researchers from Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, with the partnership of Kativik School Board
One of our founding principles is to combine the already existing face-to-face formation with this new tool in a culturally
student will provide a description of the device in place and present the preliminary results of semi-structured interviews
conducted with the participants of a first experiment of videoconferencing supervision sessions.
Peplinski, Lynn and Oolayou, Sheila
Inuit Heritage Trust, lpeplinski@ihti.ca, Canada
What ’s in a Name?
For centuries Europeans sailed north seeking routes and riches, leaving maps with geographical names as evidence
of their presence. Most of the thousands of place names known to Inuit were left off the maps, rendering invisible the
reality of their presence all across the arctic. Rather, names on today’s maps evoke images of a north where explorers
impact mitigation and negatively affected the capture of benefits for local residents (especially with respect to infrastructure). In
BA Anthropology, Independent Researcher, lpokiak@hotmail.com, Canada
Parks Canada Agency, Western Arctic Field Unit, Canada
Contemporary Inuvialuit Involvement in Archaeological Projects in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR)
There have been many opportunities for Inuvialuit involvement in archaeological projects in the ISR. The capacity of
involvement ranges from recording Inuvialuit elders’ knowledge of known traditional sites, to archaeological field work
employment and training. Most recently, the 2010 and 2011 archaeological surveys in Aulavik National Park on Banks
Island allowed Inuvialuit to gain more experience in not only archaeological research, but also in Inuvialuit history. Other
projects include surveying known archaeological sites and searching for new ones, as part of the preservation of Inuvialuit
heritage in light of oil and gas development in the Beaufort Sea and Mackenzie Gas Pipeline. Another project involved a
battled hardship in a cold, harsh land - shedding light on a European view of the north in which Inuit were mostly
dig along the Mackenzie River, through which high school and college students were provided the opportunity to gain
increasingly ice-free; attempts have been made to use geographical naming to boost Canada’s claim. How does all
positive one, for the training of the people and for the benefit of the research.
producing maps for more than a decade to ensure this detailed source of traditional knowledge continues to inform
Poort, Lars
Needed is an improved process to ensure thousands of names get onto official maps. Given current interest in the north,
Science Education in the Greenlandic Public School
Pernet, Fabien and Jérôme, Laurent
on science education in Greenland. Students in the Greenlandic public school system are taught science from year one
CIÉRA, Université Laval, fabien.pernet.1@ulaval.ca, Canada
since 2008 exams have been held in biology, geography, and physics/chemistry. Results from those past four years reveal
incidental. Now Canada is showing renewed interest in asserting its sovereignty as northern waterways become
this fit with the reality of Inuit place-naming? The Inuit Heritage Trust has been researching traditional names and
future generations. However, for names to endure they need to be made official and here IHT faces serious challenges.
can we expect northern maps to reflect Inuit history?
Musée de la civilisation and CIÉRA, Université Laval, ljerome@mcq.org, Canada
Representation as Co -Construction: Inuit Governance and Museums in a New Exhibition in Quebec City
knowledge and experience of their heritage and preservation. Inuvialuit involvement in Arctic Archaeology has been a
Ilisimatusarfik/University of Greenland, lars.poort@gmail.com, Greenland
Science Education in a Greenlandic Context - what works... This session reports preliminary findings from PhD research
through year ten. The present science curriculum from 2003 is founded on a western scientific discourse, and every year
a significant division in pupil performance. A small percentage of pupils have excellent performance records, opposed
to a majority of pupils, who perform poorly. Preliminary observations from science teaching sessions reveal a significant
The Musée de la civilisation initiated early in 2010 a series of meetings with aboriginal peoples of Quebec to revamp the
difference in how science is taught. Some of the questions that guide the research in the study are: How are pupils’
Inuit of Nunavik were held at Kangiqsujuaq and in Quebec City with the special collaboration of the Avataq Cultural
conflict between western science and pupil conception of nature? The study takes a qualitative approach through
content and general concept of its permanent exhibition dedicated to Quebec’s First Nations and Inuit. Meetings with the
Institute and the Cura Inuit Leadership and Governance. The purpose of this presentation is twofold: i) to emphasize
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production of the new exhibition; ii) to describe and explain how this willingness has shaped our ways of working in the
understanding of western science related to the teaching approach? And, how are teachers able to bridge a possible
participant observation and interviews, where pupil interviews are centered on a concrete science activity.
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Pratt, Kenneth L.
Procida, Alysa
Director of Education, Operations and Outreach, Museum of Inuit Art
Ethnohistorical approaches to the study of Eskimo populations in Alaska were pioneered by Wendall Oswalt and James
Arctic Conversations: Integrating Inuit Voices in the Museum of Inuit Art
with a large indigenous population living in numerous active villages, virtually no pre-existing archaeological record,
mediating necessary information about such topics as Inuit culture, the Arctic environment and the art-making process
A Retrospective on the Genesis of Alaska Eskimo Ethnohistory
VanStone. From early in their respective careers, both scholars were geographically focused on Southwest Alaska: a region
and a rich body of Russian and American source materials. These combined factors clearly influenced their adoption
of ethnohistorical perspectives. Despite the generally high regard for the related publications of Oswalt and VanStone,
however, few other scholars applied similar methodologies in their research. Notable exceptions include Dorothy Jean
Ray, Tiger Burch, and (to a lesser degree) Margaret Lantis. This paper reviews the development of ethnohistory in Eskimo
One of the continuing and pressing challenges of presenting art made by Inuit to the public in southern Canada is
while presenting Inuit voices. As Canada’s only museum devoted exclusively to art made by Inuit, it is imperative that
the Museum of Inuit Art address this challenge head on. In January 2012, the museum initiated a project aiming to
more fully integrate contemporary Inuit voices into the museum’s exhibitions and online learning areas. Called the
“Conversation Series,” MIA’s Director of Education recorded live Skype interviews with Inuit artists across the Arctic
about their work, views on art and the importance of art in contemporary Inuit society. These videos were then posted
standing of ethnohistory in contemporary anthropological studies focused on Alaskan Eskimos.
directly to YouTube and incorporated into the museum’s physical exhibitions. This paper will discuss the implications
Pratt, Kenneth L.
and Arctic communities, as well as the ways in which the project has helped to shape the museum’s views on and
“The Land Keeps Changing”: Cultural and Historical Contexts of Ecosystem Changes in the Yukon Delta
There is no reasonable way to argue against the reality of climate change and its increasingly apparent impacts on
arctic ecosystems, including their human inhabitants. But focusing too closely on recent observations of geographical,
biological, and social impacts associated with climate change can obscure evidence of historical processes. In this
of this Conversation Series on both the museum’s ability to educate visitors and strengthen its relationships with artists
presentation of contemporary art by Inuit.
Provencher, Jennifer; McEwan, Michelle; Harms, Jane; Carpenter, Jason and Gilchrist, Grant
Carleton University, jennifer.provencher@ec.gc.ca, Canada
Nunavut Arctic College, Canada
presentation, I examine selected ecosystem changes that have occurred in the Yukon-Kuskokwim region of Southwest
University of Saskatchewan, Canada
Central Yup’ik settlements and cemeteries. This evidence derives from indigenous oral history, ethnographic and historical
Environment Canada, Canada
Alaska (particularly in the Yukon Delta) during the past 80 years or so by reviewing documentary evidence on former
Nunavut Arctic College, Canada
accounts, archaeological surveys, photographs, and topographic data. Climate change may be implicated in all of the
observed changes, but the assembled contextual data indicate the actual situation is far more complex. Many changes are
Using Wildlife Monitoring to Engage Inuit Students in Questions of Ecosystem Health and Human
Health
clearly part of ongoing historical processes, and some are arguably linked to declining human use of the landscape.
Educators are always searching for authentic learning experiences based in science, while researchers, governments,
Pritchard, Brian
ways. In Nunavut, the cultural preference of experiential, observational learning can clash with conventional methods
Memorial University, bepritchard04@yahoo.ca, Canada
Colonialism in South-Central Labrador: Experiences of the Snook’s Cove Inuit
and funding agencies are likewise searching for ways to share research results with communities in meaningful
of presenting scientific results. Often presentations that focus on conclusions distilled from analysis of long term
observations, fail to connect with learners in ways that resonate with their own experience. We will present a case
After the Treaty of Paris in 1763 ceded control of Labrador from the French to the English, European and Canadian
study of how multi-stakeholder partnerships can utilize wildlife studies to create place-based, student-centered
Christianity or to capitalize on the economic opportunities that existed at the time, interaction and exchange between
Arctic College students in two programs (Environmental Technology Program and the Fur Preparation and Design
reconfigurations of Labrador Inuit identities and practices. However, the Inuit living in the Narrows region, an area that
This wildlife study collaboration lends itself to link: laboratory dissection and sampling for a variety of downstream
major administrative centers of colonial power such as the Moravian missions to the north and the settler-dominated
change on marine bird populations; discussions on how climate change connects to Inuit Health through the harvest;
and self-determination found to lesser extents among brethren living elsewhere, who were in closer and more constant
will illustrate how these types of outreach education opportunities are beneficial to all parties involved - and that they
exploitation and settlement of Labrador increased greatly. With many people moving there to either convert the Inuit to
settlers and the native Inuit population resulted in challenges to traditional Inuit land use patterns and life ways and
has been extensively occupied and used by them since the 16th century, remained relatively removed from many of the
communities and seasonal enterprises to the south. This distancing provided these Inuit with a measure of autonomy
contact with foreigners. Recent excavations of two winter houses in Snooks Cove provide access to the daily lives of
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Alaska, highlights some of the most important such studies completed through 1980, and briefly assesses the comparative
aprocida@miamuseum.ca
learning experiences. Five agencies, institutions, and programs working in the north and south brought together 37
Program) for an opportunity to learn about ecosystem health and human health through the study of marine birds.
experiments; traditional preparation and use of eider skin; migratory bird behavior; analysis of the effects of climate
and consumption of country food. We will share lessons learned and tips for optimizing cross-disciplinary learning; we
should be practiced as important components of research programs.
the Inuit families occupying them during a time of pronounced social upheaval among the Labrador Inuit - from the
late 18th to early 20th centuries. This paper explores two themes, continuity and change, in an attempt to understand
how the Snooks Cove Inuit both altered and adapted their way of life to the colonial reality in which they lived and
continued to live according to traditional customs, values and beliefs.
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Pullar, Gordon L.
University of Alaska Fairbanks, g.pullar@uaf.edu, USA
The Influence of Richard Henry Pratt and Sheldon Jackson and the Long Term Impacts of Industrial
Schools on Alaska Natives
In 1879 the Carlisle Indian Industrial School opened at an abandoned military base in Pennsylvania. Richard Henry
Pratt, an army officer with experience running an Indian prisoner-of-war camp in Florida, became its first director. Pratt
believed he had the answer to the American Indian Problem. His concept was the ‘industrial school,’ a boarding school
for Indian students in which they would learn useful trade while not being allowed to speak their traditional languages,
wear traditional clothing, or return home during holidays. The goal was total assimilation, the ‘civilizing’ of the Indians
by forcing them to exclusively practice western ways. Sheldon Jackson, a Presbyterian missionary with great interest in
some industrial schools for Indians of the American southwest, Jackson was convinced that the model would be
effective in Alaska. He first established the Sitka Industrial School in southeast Alaska in 1879. In 1885 he was appointed
as the General Education Agent for Alaska and set about a coordinated effort to establish industrial schools throughout
Alaska. Among those he planned was one adjacent to the Sugpiaq Wood Island village (Tangirnaq) near Kodiak to be
run by the Woman’s Baptist Home Mission Society. This paper will examine the implementation and long-term impacts
of industrial schools in Alaska with particular attention paid to the one at Wood Island, where the author’s mother spent
most of her childhood.
Pulsifer, Peter L.; Parsons, M.; McCann, H.; McNeave, C.; Sheffield, B.; Collins, J.;
Gearheard, S. and Huntington, H.
University of Colorado, Boulder, pulsifer@nsidc.org, USA
Huntington Consulting, Eagle River, USA
A Multidimensional Approach to Sharing Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge
In recent decades arctic scientists and arctic residents have been increasingly working together to observe and
understand the arctic environment. Indigenous communities are more engaged in research than ever before, with many
taking a leadership role in research projects and initiative. The documentation of Indigenous knowledge is one of the
key areas that researchers and communities alike are working on, and as a result there is a corresponding increase
in the documentation of Arctic indigenous knowledge in computer-based information systems. Documentation of
Indigenous knowledge is often carried out with the aim of linking these ways of knowing with results of Western
scientific enquiry. A review reveals that while there are many examples of information exchange, there are few
examples of knowledge sharing, which requires that all parties understand the information. The authors present
the results of a multidimensional approach to knowledge sharing that includes: technical methods for exchanging
information; development of models of meaning that promote understanding across domains; establishment of
education and training materials; and the engagement of Arctic peoples, scientists, policy makers, and the general public
in the knowledge sharing process. This integrative model is discussed in context of the Exchange for Local Observations
and Knowledge of the Arctic.
Qu, Gilbert
University of Alaska Fairbanks, fqu@alaska.edu, USA
The prototype of the Eskimo Art in Chinese Neolithic: An Comparative Study on Theriomorphic Designs between
the Old Bering Sea culture in the Bering Strait and the Liangzhu Culture in the Chinese Pacific Coast
One of the central decorative features of the Old Bering Sea (OBS) Eskimo art is a theriomorphic design with eye-like
out that the Taotie of Chinese Bronze Age actually originated from the mask-like imagery on jade objects of the Lianzhu
Neolithic culture of the third millennium B. C. E. in the Lower Yangzi River Valley. Through the comparative study I
will hypothesize that there are more similarities in artistic designs between OBS culture and Liangzhu jade-producing
culture than between OBS culture and the Shang/Zhou bronze cultures. The prototype of the theriomorphic design in
OBS Eskimo culture might be from Liangzhu rather than from Shang and Zhou.
Radunovich Qurangaawen, Natalya
Chukotka Multi-Disciplinary College, Russia
New Russian-Yupik Dictionary as a Cultural Encyclopedia
The new bilingual Russian-Yupik dictionary (Radunovich 2012), on which I have worked over the past decade, is a reference
and educational sourcebook for students who specialize in Native languages and literature. The dictionary includes more
than 10,000 alphabetically arranged entries related to all aspects of modern life and speech situations. It also serves as a
cultural translator and mediator. Under the current condition of the language endangerment for small indigenous languages,
including the Yupik language in Chukotka, it is hardly possible to study the Yupik language, communicate with the Yupik
people in Alaska, or to read modern publications in Yupik without a full Russian-Yupik dictionary. To its users, the dictionary
opens the richness of the lexicon and grammar of the Yupik language in Russia. It also serves as a window to the Yupik
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Christianizing the Natives of Alaska, was very impressed with Pratt’s industrial school concept. After helping establish
outdated archaeological data of his time. Many pieces of evidences, which have emerged in recent decades, have pointed
cultural traditions and specific worldviews of small indigenous nation. The new dictionary thus becomes an invaluable
heritage document, along to the earlier Yupik-Russian dictionary by Rubtsova (1971), thematic Yupik ‘Lexicon’ by Vakhtin and
Emelyanova (1987), and other cultural sources. It will be of daily use to the Yupik language teachers, students, Yupik speakers,
and those who would like to preserve the treasures of Native language and culture.
Raff, Jennifer; Rzhetskaya, M.; Tackney, J.; O’Rourke, DH and Hayes, MG
Northwestern University, jenny@northwestern.edu, USA
Department of Anthropology
Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosome Diversity In Iñupiat Populations of the Alaskan North Slope:
Implications for North American Arctic Prehistory
All modern Iñupiaq speakers share a common origin, the result of a recent (~800 YBP) and rapid trans-Arctic migration by
the Neo-Eskimo Thule, who replaced the previous Paleo-Eskimo inhabitants. Reduced mitochondrial haplogroup diversity
in Canada and Greenland (limited to haplogroups A2a, A2b, D3) relative to Siberia supports the archaeological hypothesis
that the migration took place in a westward direction, though populations from the Alaskan North Slope region, the
hypothesized origin of the Thule, have not previously been characterized genetically. Moreover, relatively little is known
about the distribution of Y-chromosome haplogroups/haplotypes across the Arctic, and thus an important component
of Neo-Eskimo population history - the genetic contribution of males - is poorly understood. To address these issues, we
extracted DNA from saliva samples provided by consenting adults in eight North Slope communities. We sequenced the
first and second hypervariable regions of the mitochondrial D-loop and genotyped a suite of 16 Y-chromosome STRs to
identify maternal and paternal genetic lineages, respectively. Analysis of mitochondrial lineages from the North Slope
villages revealed that all Arctic-specific haplogroups (A2, A2a, A2b, D2, D3) were present, supporting the hypothesis
that this region could have served as an ancestral pool for eastward movements to Canada and Greenland, for both the
Paleo-Eskimo and Neo-Eskimo populations. In contrast, Y-chromosome STR analysis revealed considerable male-mediated
European-derived admixture (>17%), suggesting differing demographic histories for males and females in this region.
We discuss how these results address various models for Arctic colonization prehistory and history. This research was
supported by NSF grants OPP-0732846 and OPP-0732857.
circle-dot motif. Seventy-five years ago, Henry B. Collins proposed the resemblance of the OBS animal imagery and
the Taotie (or t’ao t’ieh) faces on Chinese Shang and Zhou bronze vessels. His conclusion, nevertheless, is based on the
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Raghavan, Maanasa
University of Copenhagen, mraghavan@snm.ku.dk, Denmark
Peopling of the New World Arctic: a Genetic Perspective
The peopling of the New World Arctic regions has been archaeologically characterized as consisting of successive waves of
cultures sweeping in from western Arctic (Siberia through to Alaska), eastwards across Northern Canada, and subsequently
on into Greenland. Analyses of archaeological materials have provided insights, although somewhat contentious, into
similarities and differences between the three major cultural complexes - the Pre-Dorset/Saqqaq, the Dorset (Early, Middle
and Late phases), and the Thule. These analyses are both the basis for characterizing sites into one of the aforementioned
groups and for debates on cultural transitions and continuities. The results of preliminary paleogenetics studies on these
cultures have proposed two genetic discontinuities after the Saqqaq and at the Dorset/Thule transition. However these
generated thus far on ancient human samples from the New World Arctic, in order to contribute new perspectives to and reevaluate hypotheses concerning postulated continuities and discontinuities in pre-historic Arctic migrations.
Rankin, Lisa K.
Memorial University, lrankin@mun.ca, Canada
The Dynamics of Inuit-European Trade as seen from Sandwich Bay, Labrador
The excavation of seven Labrador Inuit houses spanning the early 17th to late 18th century in Sandwich Bay is helping to
shed new light on the development and consequences of Inuit-European trade relations. While early trade resulted from
both random encounters and Inuit scavenging at abandoned European settlements, over time the relationship became
more formalized. The Inuit appear to have responded to these new circumstances by creating a system of middlemen-
traders charged with moving both Inuit and European commodities along the length of the Labrador coast. This new system not
only enabled particular individuals to enhance their influence and status in Labrador Inuit society, but ultimately transformed
the socio-economic system of the greater region. Until now this system has only been interpreted using archaeological date
recovered from central and northern Labrador. As a result, the date have not been sufficient to address the manner in which
this system operated in southern Labrador, and thus the south has appeared peripheral to the core Labrador Inuit culture
area. Archaeological data from Sandwich Bay challenge this assumption by suggesting that many of the key elements of
Inuit contact period culture (such as communal houses) developed in this region. Furthermore, these date contribute to a
more comprehensive understanding of how the Inuit-European trade network was operationalized - suggesting that different
settlement systems were adopted in north, south, and central Labrador in order for the network to function.
Rankin, Sharon; Chartier, Daniel and Stenbæk., Marianne
McGill University, sharon.rankin@mcgill.ca, Canada
UQAM, Canada
Entendre et Communiquer Les Voix Du Nunavik / Hearing and Sharing the Voices of Nunavik (Ipy 2008201): A Report on our Creations
Two university partners, the Université du Québec à Montréal and McGill University were funded by the Canadian
program of the International Polar Year (IPY) from 2008 to 2011 to create and disseminate works documenting the written
heritage of the Inuit of Nunavik (northern Quebec). With the collaboration of Quebec Inuit partners, Makivik Corporation,
and the Avataq Cultural Institute, this project has been a tri-cultural (Inuit, French, and English) effort and has achieved
significant results beyond the expectations of the research team. This presentation will tell the story of what we were able
to create and its value to the very small but now growing corpus of literature written by or about Nunavimmiut. The works
created were varied and substantial: an exhibition about the beginning of Inuit literature and an accompanying catalogue
and website, the digitization of Makivik serials (magazines and annual reports) and their indexing for the ASTIS Nunavik
Bibliography, two new titles for the French language collection Imaginaire | Nord, Jardin de givre- the first Inuktitut
translation of Markoosie’s Harpoon of the Hunter and a French translation of the autobiography of Taamusi Qumaq, Je veux
series titled Nunavimmiut, the digitization of the journal Tumivut, AVATAQ’s cultural magazine; and a bibliography of
Inuit periodicals in Canadian libraries.
Raymond-Yakoubian, Julie and Angnaboogok, Vernae
Kawerak Inc. and University of Alaska Fairbanks, juliery@kawerak.org, USA
Cosmological Changes: Shifts in Human-Fish Relationships Amongst the Bering Strait Inuit
Fish have played an important role in Bering Strait region Inuit people’s lives from prehistoric through contemporary
times. This paper will focus on human-fish relationships, an under-analyzed aspect of Inuit human-environment
studies. In particular, we will examine shifts in human-fish relationships amongst the Bering Strait Inuit over time. We
will attempt to explicate the (potentially causal) interrelationships between these shifts and broader changes in Inuit
cosmology over time, in particular those pertaining to religious and economic domains. One social fact that will be
investigated is how while many of this same ‘ideas’ about fish that were extant in the past remain today, the ‘meaning’
behind those ideas has in some cases radically shifted. The ramifications of these shifts and changes for interactions
between Inuit and non-Inuit peoples will also be explored, including as it relates to resource management and policy,
interactions with bureaucracy, and general understandings amongst the broader public. This paper will draw heavily
on a number of research projects that have been conducted over the past several years on the topics of traditional
Abstract List
Abstract List
studies have utilized samples that are limited both in number and geographical range. We present the largest genetic dataset
que les Inuit soient libres de nouveau, the first two volumes (Stories and Tales and Way of Life) of an English language
knowledge of salmon, salmon and identity, and traditional knowledge of non-salmon fish. This collaborative research
involved working in conjunction with 13 tribes of the Bering Strait region.
Raymond-Yakoubian, Julie and Angnaboogok, Vernae
Kawerak Inc. and University of Alaska Fairbanks, juliery@kawerak.org, USA
Cosmological Changes: Shifts in Human-Fish Relationships Amongst the Bering Strait Inuit
Fish have played an important role in Bering Strait region Inuit people’s lives from prehistoric through contemporary times.
This paper will focus on human-fish relationships, an under-analyzed aspect of Inuit human-environment studies. In
particular, we will examine shifts in human-fish relationships amongst the Bering Strait Inuit over time. We will attempt
to explicate the (potentially causal) interrelationships between these shifts and broader changes in Inuit cosmology over
time, in particular those pertaining to religious and economic domains. One social fact that will be investigated is how
while many of this same ‘ideas’ about fish that were extant in the past remain today, the ‘meaning’ behind those ideas has
in some cases radically shifted. The ramifications of these shifts and changes for interactions between Inuit and non-Inuit
peoples will also be explored, including as it relates to resource management and policy, interactions with bureaucracy,
and general understandings amongst the broader public. This paper will draw heavily on a number of research projects
that have been conducted over the past several years on the topics of traditional knowledge of salmon, salmon and identity,
and traditional knowledge of non-salmon fish. This collaborative research involved working in conjunction with 13 tribes
of the Bering Strait region.
Ready, Elspeth and Graburn, Nelson
Stanford University, eready@stanford.edu, USA
University of California Berkeley, USA
Inuit Without Igloos, Mothers Without Husbands: Sedentism and Demographic Change in Mid -20th
Century Nunavik
During the mid-20th century, many Inuit in Nunavik moved from tents and igloos in seasonal settlements to wooden
houses in permanent villages. At the same time, birth rates increased dramatically while infant mortality remained high.
We examine this fertility increase in light of contemporary demographic transition theory, by identifying and exploring
possible differences in the reproductive trade-offs faced by Inuit women in the fur-trade and settlement periods. Rather
than viewing the transition to permanent settlement as a period during which Inuit experienced an adaptive lag, the
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data suggest that Inuit women rapidly adjusted to new socio-economic conditions by increasing fertility, increasing
reliance on adoption, and decreasing willingness to accept traditional forms of marriage.
Riel-Roberge, Dominique and Maheux, Gisèle
Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), d.riel-roberge@hotmail.com, Gisele.maheux@uqat.ca, Canada
Primary School Qallunaat Teachers’ Representations of their Professional Situations in Nunavik
Bicultural and Trilingual Context
In Nunavik, school communities experienced considerable second language teacher turnover. We postulated that this
phenomenon makes disruptions in the educational pupils’ pathways, and then affects the students’ progress in learning
and their chances of succeeding at school. Among the hypotheses offered by researchers to explain why teachers decide
to leave so fast is one that addresses the complexity of the professional teaching practice in this bicultural and trilingual
Abstract List
the teachers; we are interested to know more about what those front-line workers are thinking of their working situations
and tasks in the Inuit world. We will present and discuss the preliminary data of research related to this topic. Questioning
on research related to the teachers’ training and professional development needs related to this particular teaching reality
will be brought for discussion.
Rink, Elizabeth
Ilisimatusarfik/University of Greenland, rumo@uni.gl, Greenland
“Inuulluataarneq”- A Community-based Participatory Research Project
Inuulluataarneq (Having the Good Life), a community based participatory research (CBPR) project in Greenland, was designed
to explore effective methods of working with communities to educate Greenlandic youth and their parents about sexually
transmitted infections (STI). Through discussions with selected communities, stakeholders, and members of the research
community, Inuulluataarneq developed 1) an a CBPR infrastructure in three communities in Greenland, 2) conducted an
educational seminar for community members in the concept of CBPR, ethics and STI rates in Greenland among youth, and 3)
supported and developed together with community members an intervention designed to include educational training
seminars using small group discussion, skills training, and voice storytelling to educate young people about sexual health.
Education was also conducted with parents. Seventy percent of the participants reported it was “cool” to have sex. A majority of
the participants reported they were unsure about their risk of getting an STI. The majority of the participants reported not being
comfortable talking with their sex partner about sex. Parent discussion groups indicate that they are uncomfortable and unsure
about how to address sexual health with their children. It is possible to conduct CBPR in Greenland. Youth are interested in
participating in seminars concerning the issues of self-esteem, knowing and respecting yourself, building trust in relationships,
and teaching communication skills and this may prove effective in working with Greenlandic youth to prevent STIs. Parents are
also in need to sexual health education and ways to speak with their children about sex.
Ritchie, William B.
Kinngait Studios, Cape Dorset West Baffin Eskimo Co-op, writchie@nf.sympatico.ca, Canada
Holding Down Shadows: The Disconnect Between Practice and Discourse in Contemporary Inuit Art
Cape Dorset’s West Baffin Eskimo Co-op (WBEC) has witnessed a significant departure in who is making art, what
is created, and how it is made. Today, WBEC artists are producing some of the world’s most bleeding-edge aboriginal
art. Yet much of the writing about and marketing of their work continues to reference the past, rather than the present.
Through a combination of still imagery and video, Studio Manager Bill Ritchie will present an intimate and unvarnished
view inside the WBEC studios - one that exposes contemporary creative practice and challenges persistent stereotypes.
In the process, Bill hopes to fuel discussion on a range of questions including: Why do past stereotypes concerning Inuit
art persist? What is their power? What role does the market, marketers, dealers and academics play in their perpetuation?
And how does the pressure to indigenize Inuit Art impact today’s creative expression?
University of Ottawa, roger.ritsema@gmail.com, Canada
Before The Boom - a Snapshot of Economic Development in Nunavut, Canada
Canada’s Arctic regions are experiencing unprecedented change on many levels: social, economic, political, and biophysical.
In the case of Nunavut, economic change is being driven by an increase in resource extraction activities (predominantly
mining) with excellent potential for increased economic opportunities that could directly benefit Nunavut Land Claims
Beneficiaries. With resource extraction in its infancy, but with significant expansions planned throughout the territory, early
analysis of current needs and challenges will be useful in predicting and addressing potential future issues. To this end,
fifteen interviews were conducted in cooperation with the Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency (CanNor)
in November 2011. Interviews were conducted with government decision makers, community futures organizations,
Inuit organizations, and community economic development officers in all three regions of Nunavut (Kivalliq, Kitikmeot,
Qikitaaluk). The objective of the study was to identify barriers to economic development and more broadly to understand
existing deficiencies within local, regional, and federal institutional structures. Results of this research will be presented in
order to paint a clear picture of what is currently occurring in Nunavut. Institutional insufficiencies that could hinder the
ability of local Inuit to adapt and take advantage of anticipated economic opportunities in the region will be highlighted.
Robards, Martin D.; Huntington, Henry P. and Daniel, Raychelle
Abstract List
context. As we know, the mother tongues and cultural backgrounds of the Inuit children they lead are quite different from
Ritsema, Roger and Dawson, Jackie
Wildlife Conservation Society, mrobards@wcs.org, USA
Pew Environmental Group, USA
International Shipping, Indigenous Subsistence Communities, and Marine Mammals in the Bering Strait
Region: Finding a Workable Solution
The Bering Strait, which connects the North Pacific and Arctic Oceans and is globally significant for marine, avian, and
coastal biological diversity, is home to a wide array of indigenous subsistence communities. These communities are highly
dependent on local marine life for their nutritional and cultural survival. Currently, a few hundred ships travel through
the strait each year, including traffic in support of mining and oil and gas operations, oil super-tankers, freighters, and
village supply vessels, as well as scientific research and tourism traffic. This vessel traffic is expected to significantly
increase over the next decade and beyond, as the Arctic warms, industrial activities expand, and as the Northern Sea
Route and the Northwest Passage become more attractive for shipping. Increased commercial shipping activity through
these international waters require development of regulatory measures that give priority to the pre-existing subsistence
uses of Native coastal communities and the conservation needs of marine mammals. Without such efforts, risks of direct
and indirect vessel impacts to subsistence users and marine mammals escalate. In this presentation, we review the most
important issues associated with the rapid escalation of shipping in the Bering Strait region; a range of institutional options
that are being discussed to mitigate threats to wildlife and subsistence users; efforts promoting an active engagement
of local indigenous communities and their representatives in Chukotka and Alaska; and the constraints placed on
communities and their representatives by the profound lack of resources with which to actively engage.
Rodgers, Kathleen and Scoobie, Willow
University of Ottowa, Kathleen.Rodgers@uottawa.ca, Canada
University of Ottawa, wscobie@uottawa.ca, Canada
The Social License to Operate: Earning the Right to Dig, Via the Corporate Provision of Social Programs
In this paper, we explore social license agreements negotiated in Inuit regions of Canada between mining and
exploration companies, geographic communities, and stakeholder communities. Of interest to us are the social benefit
(or social impact) agreements issued by mining and exploration companies, with a particular focus on social programs
delivered to specific populations. We look broadly at the continuum of industry/indigenous relations in the Canadian
context and more narrowly at the penetration of the mining industry into social and cultural life. Examining corporate
intervention in health and education programs, we critically analyze the transformation of the subjectivities of Inuit
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in these communities. This transformation of subject positions, particularly the constitution of local workforces
years old and their parents/guardians/support persons. Through our research the community began to understand
the student-to-worker spectrum. For example, curriculum programs, such as “Mining Matters” and “Ring of Fire
young people. Collaboration and information giving is important so that the community can participate in research.
(such that mining companies articulate a need to employ local populations, but are faced with challenges) covers
Aboriginal Youth Camps” operate to attune young people to the requirements of the mining industry.
Rodon, Thierry
Université Laval, thierry.rodon@pol.ulaval.ca, Canada
Inuit Governance and Leadership: Youth Voices from Nunavut and Nunavik
In this project the young people and their parents/guardians/support persons talk openly about sexual health. It is
important for communities to talk more about sexual health openly. My presentation will introduce the important
aspect of Community Outreach Workers in CBPR. As a Community Outreach Worker doing interventions with young
people, I help to teach them how to live a healthier sexual life. Their parents/guardians/support persons are also part of
the project and meet to discuss how to talk with their children about sex. The Community Outreach Worker is the point
In Inuit regions, the public discourse has emphasized the importance of relying on the elder knowledge and
contact for the community and researchers. An important part of the Community Outreach Worker’s work is face-to-
heard. In this project, we’ve collected youth voices in leadership workshops, conducted in Iqaluit, Inuvik, and
and get input from them about the project. Contact with project participants is made via phone, texting, and meeting
wisdom. However, 50% of the population of these regions is under 25 years old and youth voices are rarely
Kangiqsualujjuaq. These voices offer a different story on governance and Inuit leadership and show a new
face meetings with different leaders, teacher, students, and community organizations to update them about the project
with them individually.
generation trying to bridge Inuit values and present realities. In this presentation we will analyze the evolution of
Ross, Julie M.
reflect on the difference in the agency and the institutionalization of youth movement in Nunavut and Nunavik
Golder Associates Ltd, Julie_Ross@golder.com, Canada
Inuit leadership in Nunavik and Nunavut and the characteristics of the emerging youth leadership. We will also
and their role in the governance arrangements. Finally, we propose to examine the role of social media in the
Paleoeskimo habitation density across time and space: Does climate matter?
Makivik president.
different regions of the Canadian Arctic, rather than on hard data. Recently, quantitative studies have been conducted
Romain, Sandra
to model past settlement patterns. This paper presents habitation densities of Pre-Dorset to Dorset periods across the
political mobilization of the youth in the Nunavik Regional Government referendum and the election for the
University of Toronto, s.romain@utoronto.ca, Canada
The Intersection of Language Legislation and Health Service Provision for Pharmaceutical Drugs
In general, our understanding of Paleoeskimo habitation density is based on the impressions of researchers familiar with
targeting specific location such as King William Island and Prince Albert Sound; providing a more secure basis on which
Canadian Arctic. These densities were derived by tabulating subsets of the site records for Northwest Territories, Nunavut,
Quebec, Newfoundland, and Labrador. The densities were standardized by time and space values and compared to
In Nunavut, to ensure the preservation and revitalization of Inuit languages, the Inuit Language Protection
regional climate records. Some results confirm long-held beliefs about Paleoeskimo settlement patterns, while others
offer verbal and written communication in Inuit languages (Inuktitut and Inuinnaqtun) by 2012. While the
Ryan, Leslie Boyd
pharmacist or individual with any official pharmaceutical training in Nunavut is fluent in either of the Inuit
Dorset Fine Arts, lboydryan@dorsetfinearts.com, Canada
Act and Official Languages Act were passed requiring that all public and private sector essential services
legislation mandates compliance, policy implementation for pharmaceutical services is problematic. Not a single
languages. Currently, pharmacies rely on counter staff to translate all verbal and written instructions to patients
including dosage, side effects, and contraindications. As pharmaceutical monographs are not available in Inuit
languages, patients rely on translators to tell them what they determine is relevant regarding their medications.
Interviews with pharmacists indicate that they are reluctant to formally translate written documentation such as
instructions, warning labels, and product monographs into Inuit languages because they do not have the ability
suggest surprising departures from accepted interpretation.
New Forms of Cooperation and Collaboration in Cape Dorset The Kinngait Studios in 2012
“Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that
ever has.” Margaret Mead 2012 is the International Year of Co-operatives with one billion members in 92 countries. In
Canada’s north, the “craft shop” constructed in Cape Dorset in 1956 led to a pan-Arctic cooperative development program
that now supports thirty-one community cooperatives across Nunavut and the Northwest Territories. The West Baffin
to verify the authenticity of the translations and would be at risk of liability should a misinterpreted translation
Eskimo Co-operative in Cape Dorset was the first to be incorporated under the federal program in 1959, and the extent
liability have resulted in pharmacies using verbal on-site translation as a tenuous solution regardless of its many
model, because they are wholly owned by the Inuit residents of the communities, and their structure, principles, and
result in patient harm. The challenges of negotiating the joint requirements of language legislation and patient
limitations. Interviews with pharmacists and key informants examine how pharmacies offer service to allophone
to which it has remained focused on the arts is unprecedented. Collaboration in Inuit art starts with the Co-operative
practices, although new to Inuit as formal organizations, made possible their active participation in all aspects of early
Nunavummiut patients and if the proposed enforcement of language legislation in 2012 will result in changes in
community development. Economic necessity underlay the development of contemporary Inuit art and Inuit artists have
as possible solutions to mitigate the linguistic and cultural challenges.
social and political benefits that art provides to the community as a whole, although some Inuit artists, like Kananginak
operational practices. Strategies to encourage Inuit involvement and education in pharmacy sciences are discussed
Rosing, Augustine
Community Outreach Worker, Paamiut, artorrappaat@gmail.com, Greenland
Community Outreach Workers as the key to Successful Research in Greenland
Abstract List
Abstract List
that collaboration with researchers, the community, prevention officers and hospitals could help to reduce STIs among
been unabashed in acknowledging the monetary motivation behind what they do. They have been less direct about the
Pootoogook, have identified the relationship between art making and their own cultural development. This relationship is
ongoing, and this paper will discuss the ways in which Inuit art, artists, and recent collaborations continue to help define
Inuit reality and identity in rapidly changing times.
The project´s goal is to have a sociocultural sexually transmitted infection (STI) intervention for young people in
Uummannaq, Paamiut, and Ittoqqartoomiit using Community - Based Participatory Research (CBPR). Together
the local community and researchers designed a social and culturally relevant for young people from 15 to 19
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Rygaard, Jette
Sauvageau, Kathy and Martin, Thibault
Ilisimatusarfik/University of Greenland, jery@slm.uni.gl, Greenland
Université du Québec en Outaouais, Sauk07@uqo.ca, Canada
Media Communication, Globalization and Identity
In a world still more saturated and in which we are still more dependent on media, the tension between local and global
Culture, Pedagogy and Communication: How Do Qallunaat Teachers Adapt to the Culturel Context in
the Nunavik Classroom?
people and their media, time has come to analyze research results from 1996 to 2012. The focus of this paper is to look
Qallunaat teachers. Communication, among other fields, is an aspect in which this cultural gap can be noticed in a much
communication appears to be a growing issue for the identity of young people. In a longitudinal perspective for young
upon three aspects of media use: To analyze the changes in media use such as reported by the young people in 19962012; to study whether they consider themselves as local or global media consumers; and finally to analyze to which
more negative form. Indeed, Qallunaat teachers communicate, and whether or not they do it verbally, most of these
teachers address their students with a message based on codes that are rooted in an Euro-Canadian culture. However,
extend the old and the new social media are essential for young people’s identity construction. Furthermore this paper
young Inuit belong to a culture in which communication is different. Therefore, the intended message addressed to
perspective by comparing the media use of young people globally.
whole content of the message given by their students. This cultural miscommunication becomes more of a problem
will look at the media use in Greenland in a broader Nordic (Danish European) and Arctic (Alaskan and Canadian)
Sadock, Jerrold
them by their teachers may not have the same significance. Moreover, Qallunaat teachers might not understand the
because the sine qua non of all teachers is communication. Although many research look into culturally sensitive
pedagogy or teaching, no studies have looked directly into the authentic strategies used by Qallunaat teachers to adapt
University of Chicago, jsadock@uchicago.edu, USA
their communication in the Nunavik classroom. The aim of my research project is to contribute in filling this gap in the
More than 160 years have passed since the publication of Samuel Kleinschmidt’s Grammatik der grönlädischen
deliver results of a research field held in Nunavik.
Samuel Kleinschmidt ’s Grammar and Dictionary
literature. In this suggested talk, I would explain theory and hypotheses that support my research. I would moreover
Sprache, and more than 140 years since Den Grønlandske Ordbog came out. The 100th anniversary of the grammar was
Savelle, James M. and Dyke, Arthur S.
Journal of American Linguistics. An international conference on Inuit, Yupik, and Aleut linguistics was held in Chicago
McGill University, james.savelle@videotron.ca, Canada
the time frame in this session’s title, they established the precedent for much subsequent linguistic work on Native
Early Paleoeskimo Colonization of the Eastern Canadian Arctic
astoundingly original accomplishments and their importance for Greenland, grammatical studies of Inuit and related
were undertaken. These surveys, concentrating on extensive raised beach sequences, yielded a wealth of data relating to
commemorated with a number of Kleinschmidt Centenial” articles in the 1951 and 1952 volumes of the International
in 1970, but the dictionary’s birthday was not remarked. Though Kleinschmidt’s inestimable books were finished before
American languages. I will present some post- and pre-sesquicentennial remarks on the importance of Kleischmidt’s
languages, and indeed, for general linguistics.
Saku, James C.
Frostburg State University, jsaku@frostburg.edu, USA
Socio-Economic Change in the Western Arctic of Canada: Twenty Five Years after the Inuvialuit Final Agreement
Geological Survey of Canada, Canada
Between 1999 and 2008, regional surveys of 20 coastline segments from westernmost Victoria Island east to Foxe Basin
Paleoeskimo demography and settlement systems. On the basis of this data, we interpret initial Paleoeskimo colonization
patterns and subsequent local developments. Briefly, initial colonization (early Pre-Dorset) throughout much of the
Eastern Arctic appears to have been relatively rapid, and in almost all areas was followed shortly thereafter by all-time
maximum population levels. These were in turn followed by population crashes, which represent the first of three
population ‘boom and bust’ cycles recognized throughout our survey regions. While possibly a result of widespread
The emergence of Aboriginal Land Claim Agreements in Arctic Canada has given rise to a new strategy towards cultural,
climate change, this initial ‘boom and bust’ cycle, at least, is also consistent with the behavior of a species moving into
Canadians living in the Arctic have the opportunity to own land, create economic institutions, and engage in regional
predator population reduction, and in extreme cases, population crashes.
economic, and social transformation. Through the settlement of Modern Land Claim Agreements (MLCAs), Aboriginal
previously unoccupied territories. In these situations, a predator species quickly exceeds carrying capacity, resulting in a
economic development. With complex institutional structures, the establishment of Aboriginal Development Corporations
Schweitzer, Peter P.
first MLCA achieved in Canada was the 1975 James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement. Three years later, the North-
University of Alaska Fairbanks, ppschweitzer@alaska.edu, USA
allows northern Aboriginal Canadians to adopt and engage in meaningful strategies towards economic self-reliance. The
eastern Quebec Agreement was achieved with the Naskapis. Subsequently, other regional agreements including the
Albert C. Heinrich and the Study of Alaskan Inuit Kinship
Inuvialuit Final Agreement (1984), the Gwich’in Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement (1992), Tangavik Federation of
When Lewis Henry Morgan ‘invented’ kinship studies with his ‘Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family’
the first part of the presentation provides background information on Aboriginal land claim agreements in Canada, the
data, which proved to be untypical for most Inuit societies, led to the postulation of a generalized ‘Eskimo type’ of kinship
agreements in Canada and the context within which the Inuvialuit Final Agreement (IFA) was achieved. The fourth part
1949. It took until after World War II to question these models based on Morgan’s incomplete data. In the Alaskan context, new
economic, cultural and social transformation of the region.
researchers demolished the old paradigm with new ethnographic data from the eastern Arctic. Albert Carl Heinrich (1914-2010)
Nunavut Final Agreement (1993), Nisga’a Final Agreement (2000), and the Tlicho Land Claims (2005) were achieved. While
second part examines approaches to Aboriginal economic development. The third part deals with modern land claim
of the paper analyses the functions of the Inuvialuit Regional Corporation (IRC) and its subsidiaries in advancing regional
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Abstract List
Over the years, many studies have emphasized the impact of an existing cultural gap between Inuit students and their
in 1871, a limited amount of data and interpretations about Inuit kinship systems was part of the package. These sparse
terminology by Leslie Spier in 1925 and to the notion of an ‘Eskimo type’ of social organization by George Peter Murdock in
publications by Margaret Lantis and Charles Hughes indicated unilineal features among Yupik societies, while Canadian
was a teacher turned anthropologist, who spent several years in the Bering Strait region. From the mid-1950s until the early
1970s, he published several articles and defended a master’s thesis and a Ph.D. dissertation on the topic of Inupiaq kinship.
While some contemporary reviewers lauded the originality of Heinrich’s approach, by and large his contributions to the
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study of Inuit kinship have been overlooked. The paper will discuss and assess these contributions in the context of Alaskan
paper will also address how the RCMP, as representatives of the Canadian Government, responded to the image created
Scobie, Willow
Sherkina-Lieber, Marina
University of Ottawa, wscobie@uottawa.ca, Canada
York University, marina.lieber@gmail.com, Canada
kinship studies through the 1970s, including work by Ernest ‘Tiger’ Burch.
Activists and (Playful) Iconoclasts: ‘Inuitness’ on YouTube
This paper connects the content of YouTube videos created by Inuit youth to academic arguments that describe the place
Why Some Inuit Understand Inuktitut, But Do Not Speak It
In Nunatsiavut, where the local dialect - Labrador Inuttitut - is endangered, a large number of Inuit describe themselves
of social media as a platform for the promotion of political ideas; as an extension of our homes; and as a space that is
as fluent in English and capable of understanding Inuttitut, but not of speaking it. Such individuals are termed receptive
poignant; playful, intimate, and personal; and that it brings Inuit youth from across Canada’s Arctic and in the South into
bilinguals’ knowledge and use of Inuttitut, and attitudes towards Inuttitut, in comparison to fluent speakers. The two main
experienced as a sort of heterotopia. It thus argues that the material that Inuit youth post on YouTube can be politically
a broader media-culture archive. Social media are both a part of our everyday lives, and a separate space where we explore,
bilinguals (RBs). This study of 20 receptive bilinguals and eight fluent Inuttitut-English bilinguals investigated receptive
reasons for avoiding speaking emerged: insufficient grammatical knowledge and negative attitudes to non-fluent Inuttitut.
experiment, and play with the imaginary. The adage that “on the Internet nobody knows you’re a dog” speaks to the
The tests of linguistic knowledge showed that, while RBs have certain knowledge of basic vocabulary and grammar, their
ways in which Inuit youth foreground being Inuk, such that their ‘Inuitness’ is present and apparent, even in home videos
distinction between the recent past and the distant past. In other cases, RBs know the grammatical category but not the
possibility of disengaging from embodied and material constraints and realities, and so it is fascinating to observe the
that appear to be for their own entertainment.
Searles, Edmund
Bucknell University, esearles@bucknell.edu, USA
On the border between Inuit and Qallunaat: Youth Perspectives Old and New
As a young anthropologist conducting research in Iqaluit and surrounding outpost camps in the 1990s, I was fascinated
knowledge of grammar is different from that of fluent speakers. Some grammatical properties are missing, such as the
features that each specific affix expresses. For example, they know that a noun must have a case suffix, but have difficulty
determining which case suffix is needed for a given noun in a given sentence. The interviews about the use of Inuttitut and
language attitudes showed that such incomplete knowledge emerged as a result of insufficient use of Inuttitut in the family
and community during childhood and adolescence, which, in its turn, was caused by assimilationist policies in 1950-1970.
Incomplete knowledge makes speaking difficult and prone to errors, which is aggravated by the fear of making an error,
since fluent speakers, until recently, demonstrated negative attitudes towards non-fluent Inuttitut.
by the language used to describe the worlds of Inuit and Qallunaat. Some of it was extreme; I was told that some didn’t
Slobodin, Sergei
provided me a vast array of examples of how to find them and how to distinguish the Inuit way from the Qallunaat way.
North East Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute; Far East Branch Russian Academy of Science, archaeol@neisri.ru, Russia
think that any real Inuit lived in Iqaluit. My friends in Iqaluit, however, insisted that many Inuit lived in Iqaluit and
Although there was no general consensus about who or what qualified as really Inuit (or conversely, really Qallunaat),
Siberian Neolithic Ancestors of the Paleoeskimo Cultures of North America
and culture. In this essay I examine the various media that young Inuit use to illuminate the differences between Inuit
Asian Neolithic cultures, which eventually led to the formation of the Arctic Small Tool Tradition (ASTt) in Alaska.
artists and musicians on the web, I argue that statements about what makes Inuit Inuit (and Qallunaat Qallunaat) reflect
Neolithic cultures, they developed several very specific lithic traits, which allow modern researchers to distinguish
no one seemed to dispute that these two worlds existed and that they were important for understanding Inuit identity
and Qallunaat. Using case studies from my fieldwork in the 1990s and from more recent investigations of young Inuit
an important perspective of Inuit youth yesterday and today- that Inuit identity is not so easily anchored in specific
Most researchers discuss the origins of Paleoeskimo cultures in the context of development and spread of the Far East
Northeast Siberia’s Neolithic cultures go back to mid-Holocene, 6-7 kya. Tracing their roots to the Baikal Region’s
Saalakh, Belkachin, and Ymiyakhtakh cultures. They were in turn superseded by the Neolithic cultures of Kolyma and
places, actions, and people.
Chukotka (Ust’-Belskaya and North Chukotkan). In Northeast Asia they replaced the Sumnagin culture, characterized
Shackleton, Ryan
Kolyma region date to 5.5-6.5 kya. The Neolithic microblade technology persisted in Northeast Asia but disappeared
CDCI Research (Canadian Development Consultants International Inc), rshackleton@sympatico.ca, Canada
Filming the Past: A Critical Examination of Lewis Cotlow’s High Arctic (1962)
by unifacially worked microblade tools and bifacially retouched adzes. Early Neolithic cultures in Chukotka and the
in the Southern Far East; distinctive bifacial tools similar to those characterizing the ASTt complex appeared. Ceramics,
characteristic of Yakutian Neolithic cultures, are rarely present in the Kolyma and Chukotka assemblages, similarly to
In 1962, American filmmaker and explorer Lewis Cotlow travelled to Grise Fiord to film the documentary High Arctic,
the ASTt assemblages in Alaska. Other tool forms found in both the Neolithic complexes of Kolyma and Chukotka and
The documentary, produced for southern audiences, features the day-to-day activities of a small Inuit group: hunting,
tools, angular burins, end and side inset blades, burins, gravers, adzes with a partially polished blade, etc. The common
anything but a documentary. It was scripted prior to Cotlow’s arrival and great liberties were taken in the creation of
technologies into Alaska, but also due to the similar Arctic and Subarctic environmental conditions under which these
a film that attempts to record Inuit in their traditional environment “before the inroads of civilization change[d] them.”
in ASTt include: small triangular points, rounded, dorsally and ventrally retouched scrapers, beak-shaped combined
making clothes, building igloos, dog-sledding, and other social customs. Archival evidence suggests the film was
traits of these cultural traditions, it appears, developed not only through direct migration of Asian cultures with their
the narrative. Files indicate the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), who are prominent in the film, held strong
cultures existed since mid-Holocene.
reservations about the production of the documentary and Cotlow’s portrayal of the Grise Fiord Inuit. This paper will
Smith, Janell
featured in the film. Specifically, the narrative will be analyzed as a preconceived colonial vision that perpetuated Inuit
Valencia College Lake Nona Medical Campus, Janell.Smith@hotmail.com, USA
High Arctic. Beyond identifying fact and fiction within this film, the paper will compare the narrative with the known
In 1948, Alaska’s Territorial Health Department, Extension Service, and enlightened educators increased efforts to teach
take a critical look at Cotlow’s film by relying on archival files and interviews with one of the RCMP officers who was
stereotypes under the guise of anthropology while ignoring the forces of modernization that were altering life in the
Health Contributions of Alaska Native Foodways after Six Decades
history of the community, as well as situate the film within the larger filmography of documentaries about Inuit. The
non-native teachers and medical personnel to respect and to retain Native foodways as indigenous food sources and
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by the filmmaker.
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tribal wisdom are vital for the cultural and nutritional health of Native people. Epidemics of tuberculosis and measles
caused illnesses and the deaths of adults who were keepers of the foodway knowledge. Governmental educational
philosophy of English emersion both for language and food meant children grew up in an environment that was
derisive of the benefits of societal organization surrounding food harvest, storage, and preparation, and lacked an
appreciation of the nutritional contribution of the indigenous foods themselves. As a result, few youth were trained in
cultural food knowledge in these settings. The Health Department developed patient information using native foods
that were appropriate to addressing specific health concerns. Scientists increased their nutrient analyses of Alaska
indigenous and garden-grown foods. Alaska Native schools started feeding programs, but most relied heavily on store
bought and governmental surplus foods. The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971 fostered renewed respect of
tribal communities and a resurgence of the benefits of Native foodways. Elders have been essential in the retention and
transmission of cultural food knowledge through the troubled years. Elders’ testimony at the Alaska Native Resource
Abstract List
12 Mental and Physical Functioning Scores were higher when Native Elders participated in family activities, shared
harvested food and had high intake of harvested protein.
Smith, Valene L.
California State University Chico, valene@valenesmith.com, USA
Arctic Alaska Tourism; “Traditions and Transitions”
Tourism and Trade have been important in the Bering Sea area for centuries (900 AD). Traditionally, Siberians brought
Chinese tea and tobacco to trade for coastal Eskimo whale meat and oil. The trade network expanded into a rendezvous
at Kotzebue. Beechey (1826) estimated at least 600 native Eskimos camped on the shore. For six weeks they visited,
danced, and sang reinforcing their kinship bonds (ilyagiit). The rendezvous survived the whalers (introducing alcohol),
the government personnel (the Alaska purchase 1857), and the missionaries (1898). The latter substituted seasonal
church activities to replace the rendezvous, which is now a one-day July 4 celebration. The Siberians were forbidden
to travel after the creation of the Soviet Union. World War II introduced a cash economy and an air base at Kotzebue.
Alaska Airlines hired a charismatic culture broker who toured the U.S. and Europe to attract visitors. NANA (Northwest
Alaska Native Association, under the land settlement act 1971) constructed a hotel and a cultural history museum with
Disney choreography. Summer tourism soared to 11,000 visitors. With the death of the tour guide and the opening of
the Alaska Native Heritage Center in Anchorage (1999), tourism essentially ceased. NANA organized two heritage
conferences to record heritage. The NANA museum closed and tourism dropped. To revitalize tourism in 2011, the
National Park Service opened a large museum and NANA constructed a new larger hotel to accommodate the next
generation; sports-minded visitors touring the five new National Parks that surround Kotzebue.
Smythe, Charles W.
National Park Service, chuck_smythe@nps.gov, USA
The Historical and Cultural Significance of Kunáa (Redoubt Lake Village), Near Sitka, Alaska
Kunáa (Redoubt Lake Village) was a Tlingit village belonging to the Sitka Kiks.ádi clan prior to its takeover by the
Russians in the early 1800s. Located at a strategic location within a highly valued sockeye system at the outlet of Redoubt
Lake, it was an important source of salmon and other resources that were preserved for later consumption. Two traditional
methods of fishing were documented at the site. The paper presents information about the historical and cultural
importance of the site from legends, oral history, anthropological sources, and translations of Russian documents. Kunáa is
an integral component of a larger Tlingit cultural landscape including the mountain behind the village, a large rock on the
mountain side, the lake itself, the sockeye spawning stream at the far end of the lake, and Redoubt Bay.
jbsonne@mail.dk, Denmark
Initiations In Solitude, Public, and Myth of Shamans in Pre-Christian East Greenland
Biographies of East Greenland shamans, both legendary and more up to date, offer a rich stock of sources collected “in time.”
They tell of extended apprenticeships carried out in secrecy, the so-called ujarlerneq, seeking (for future helping spirits). The
number and kinds of familiars acquired varied considerably, but an initiation in public was a sine qua non of turning the
future helping spirits into actual helping spirits in loyal service to their master. Prior to this initiation in public the pupil had
experienced several in solitude. You may call any first encounter with a spirit effecting a temporary loss of consciousness
regained at a completely different place an initiation -a kind of death, travel, and revival sealing the alliance. But the particular
experience of being devoured and vomited by some monstrous animal during the unconscious state meets the definition on
all terms. Or becoming raped or getting mad in public as a ritualized prelude to the initiation in public. I shall treat the more
decisive initiations taking theories that stress both ‘universals’ and cultural variation as my point of departure.
Song, Yaoliang
songrock@yahoo.com
Face Petroglyph Motifs in Prehistoric Northwestern North America
Abstract List
Center statewide meetings (2004-2007) indicated dissatisfaction living where they couldn’t get their Native food. SF-
Sonne, Birgitte
A special pattern appears on face petroglyphs on Kodiak Island (Two Dots on Face) which is also seen on prehistoric
artifacts in western Alaska. These face petroglyphs resemble patterns found on face petroglyphs in East Siberia and
North China and on artifacts such as painted pottery, incised earthenware and jade dating from 5000 BC to 2000 BC.
American scholars interpret the marks on these face as labrets, a type of facial decoration used in Western Alaskan
Eskimo culture for more than two thousand years. Labrets have also been found in Siberian Neolithic sites as early
3-2000 BC. Chinese anthropologists reported recently on a custom from Hainan Island in which shamans use sharp
sticks to pierce the cheek in sacrificial offering rites, and some face images show these locations as dots. It is explained
as Chinese Labrets which reflected on face petroglyph and artifacts in prehistory. Excavations in Mesoamerica reveal
similar facial markings on Aztec earth goddess sculptures as well as on Olmec figures. Other motifs on face petroglyphs
from Northwest America include the One Eye, Skeleton, and Tear Line motifs which are also found in Northeast Asia
and Mesoamerica. How can we explain these phenomena? In the 1980s K. C. Chang proposed the Maya-Chinese Culture
Continuity Complex, suggesting that Chinese and Mesoamerican civilization originated from the same mother culture
in Paleolithic Period and then developed in different continents and periods with high similarity. Basted on the face
petroglyph found in the North Pacific region, perhaps this hypothesis can be strengthened. .
Steelandt, Stéphanie; Desbiens, Caroline; Marguerie, Dominique; Bhiry, Najat and
Desrosiers, Pierre
Université Laval, stephanie.steelandt.1@ulaval.ca, Canada
Inuit Knowledge and Perception on Environmental Changes, Availability and Exploitation of Wood
Resources in the West Coast of Nunavik
Most Inuit elders in Nunavik had a nomadic life during their childhood. They possess knowledge acquired from their
parents and their own experiences during the dramatic changes that took place in the Arctic since more than 60 years.
This study aims to document the perceptions and the traditional knowledge of elders about environmental change,
availability, and exploitation of wood resources on the west coast of Nunavik. Toward that end, semi-structured interviews
of approximately one hour each were conducted with 27 elders of Ivujivik, Akulivik, Inukjuak, and Umiujaq located on the
eastern shore of Hudson Bay. These interviews concern: 1) environmental changes and their impacts on the availability of
driftwood, 2) the origin and the collection of wood and, 3) the use of wood. The qualitative analysis of interviews reveals
that the summer temperature increase was more significant and felt by elders living in the most northern villages; the
mean areas where driftwood used to be accumulated and then harvested by Inuit and their ancestors around the different
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villages, one suspected arrival of driftwood in fall; or even a greater amount of driftwood and manufactured wood on the
beaches today mainly because they are not collected anymore. Moreover, the research also identified the key periods and
until it was lost to coastal erosion in the last century. Archaeologically recovered burials from Nuvuk, associated
practices for wood collection in the tundra, the names given to different types of wood, and their main uses by elders and
with the Thule tradition, have calibrated radiocarbon ages between 875 and 1579 AD. Genetic analyses of the mtDNA
the enrichment of knowledge about Inuit culture and the appropriation, by Inuit people, of a part of their history.
modern Neo-Eskimo populations, though with additional A2 sublineages not found today in Alaska. A small number of
Stenbaek, Marianne and Grey, Minnie
extracts. We have yet to identify any sample that is inconsistent with the standard view of relationships between the
their ancestors (for kayaks, dogsleds, fire, household objects, hunting tools etc.). Finally, these qualitative data contribute to
McGill University, mariannestenbaek@yahoo.ca, Canada
Makivik, Nunavik, Canada
Written Treasures of Nunavimmiut
Written Treasures of Nunavimmiut I was given access to more than 33 years of written material by Nunavimmiut in
hypervariable region indicate that the remains belong predominantly to mtDNA haplogroup A2, characteristic of
individuals belong to mtDNA lineage D3. All ancient Nuvuk sequences are currently being replicated from independent
prehistoric Thule and modern Inupiat/Inuit populations. These results support a population bottle-neck prior to the
Thule dispersal across the North American arctic, although it need not have been severe or of long duration to result in
reduced mitochondrial diversity observed in the modern population. This research was supported by NSF grants OPP0732846 AND OPP-0637246 to DHOR and ARC-0726253 to AMJ.
magazines from 1976-2009. These are all the volumes of the magazines published by the Inuit Makivik Corporation
Terpstra, Tekke
of this material, Minnie Grey and Marianne Stenbaek edited and published two books, titled Voices and Images of
University of Groningen, t.k.terpstra@rug.nl, The Netherlands
and encompass 33 years of articles/stories/illustrations by Nunavimmiut; they were then digitalized. Based on part
Nunavimmiut- Stories and Tales (Vol. 1) and Voices and Images of Nunavimmiut- Way of Life (Vol. II). This work is
ongoing as the Makivik Corporation has requested that the two editors do eight additional volumes, including topics
such as “Youth and Children” and “Education.” Because the material is entirely written by Northern Quebec Inuit, it
provides a unique perspective on their life and culture throughout these important years.
Stuhl, Andrew
University of Wisconsin-Madison, andrew.stuhl@gmail.com, USA
The Old “New” Arctic: Historical Perspectives on Re-Discovery Narratives in the North
Maintaining Inuktitut and K alaallisut in Southern Canada and Denmark: The role of Inuit Language for Inuit
Identity Outside the Arctic
Today about 11,000 Canadian Inuit live outside their traditional homelands (Statistics Canada: 2006 Census). According
to the North Atlantic Group in the Danish Parliament (2007) about 18,500 Greenlanders live in Denmark. As a
consequence different dialects of the Inuit language are also being spoken outside the traditional homelands of the
Inuit. Based on literature and interviews I conducted with Inuit in Denmark, Greenland, and southern Canada in 2009,
2010, and 2011, I want to explore the role of the Inuit language as identity marker for Inuit outside the North. Living in a
context where either Danish or English is the predominant language, what does it mean to Inuit to be able to speak their
In the past ten years, a recognizable discourse describing the Arctic has emerged across popular and scientific media.
Inuit language? What do Inuit narratives tell about the use of Inuit language outside the Arctic and what possibilities do
of unprecedented environmental change and extraordinary economic potential collide. While drawing attention to
to be found in the linguistic situation of Inuit in Denmark and southern Canada? This presentation will address both
reformers, bureaucrats, and military officials, among others, have invoked this rhetorical device at various moments
the relation between language and identity in representations of Inuit who have moved away from their traditional
might call “re-discovery” narratives. Following the work of Canadian historians who have analyzed “the North” as a
Danish and English.
This discourse establishes northern skies, lands, and waters as a field of opportunity and concern, wherein the realities
Inuit who speak an Inuit dialect have for using their language in this context? What similarities and dissimilarities are
conditions that have known few historic counterparts, the trope of a “New North” is itself not new. Scientists, social
the possibilities and impossibilities of indigenous language retention for Inuit outside the Arctic. It will also scrutinize
in history - and for various reasons. This article will examine three examples to sketch out the politics of what we
homelands. Last but not least, I will reflect on my role as a non-Inuit language speaker and conducting interviews in
geographical region, cultural concept, and cipher of power, this examination frames the “New North” as a discursive
Tester, Frank
formation with complicated social and material relations. Declaring the dawn of a new era in the Arctic often meant
linking the region’s natural resources to certain commercial, administrative, and professional networks while
destabilizing links to existing or alternative networks. Acknowledging the work performed by this discourse in the past
University of British Columbia, frank.tester@ubc.ca, Canada
Off the Page: ‘Making Inuit ’ in Planning for the Nanisivik Mine, Arctic Bay, Baffin Island, 1970 - 1979
challenges scholars to see not only incredible change in the north today but also a curious continuity there.
In 1970, consideration was given by the Canadian federal government to the development of a lead/zinc mine at Strathcona
Tackney, Justin; Jensen, Anne M.; Raff, Jennifer A.; Hayes, M. Geoffrey and O’Rourke,
Dennis H.
private company in developing the mine was hotly contested within the civil service and those advising the Ministers of
University of Utah, justin.tackney@anthro.utah.edu, USA
Sound, north of the fledgling Inuit community of Arctic Bay on the northern tip of Baffin Island. The idea of assisting a
Mines and Resources and the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs. In the process of planning for a mine, the role
of Inuit was given serious consideration. In the process, Inuit were ‘socially constructed’; subjected to speculation about
UIC Science LLC, USA
who they were, what they were capable of, what their needs were, and how they might benefit from such a project. The
Ancient Genetic Diversity of the Thule at Nuvuk, Point Barrow, Alaska
government’s White Paper attempting to redefine Aboriginal people in relation to the State; the Calder case, providing a
Northwestern University, USA
By 1200 AD a cultural shift is evident across the arctic, potentially originating in northern Alaska. The Neo-Eskimo
(Thule) culture quickly occupied the region from Alaska to Greenland, and their descendents are modern Inuit. While
the source population(s) for the Thule are undetermined, Inuit populations of Canada and Greenland that have been
investigated previously are characterized almost exclusively by ‘Beringian-specific’ mtDNA haplotypes A2a/A2b (95%)
and D3 (5%). With the support of the local Barrow community, we have sequenced mtDNA HVS1 from ancient skeletal
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Abstract List
remains at Nuvuk, an Eskimo village at Point Barrow, Alaska that was continuously inhabited for the past 1,300 years
process of planning for the mine takes place at a turning point in Canadian Aboriginal history: the rejection of the federal
basis for land claims; and the development of a specific and comprehensive land claims policy by the federal government.
Debates about and planning for the mine take place after the passage of the American tanker, The Manhattan, through
the Northwest Passage in 1969. This paper examines the changing social constructions of Inuit, the making of Inuit bodies
and minds deployed in the course of planning for the development of the mine, drawing upon a detailed archival record
primarily from the Departments of Mines and Resources and Indian and Northern Affairs Canada.
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Therrien, Michèle
INALCO, michele.therrien@inalco.fr, France
Veiled and Forceful Command as Expressed in Inuktitut
Inuit prefer to use veiled commands. The choice of words (and affixes) along with non-linguistic features (voice
intensity; status within the family or the society at large, recognized experience) are generally sufficient to transform
a wish (softly expressed) into a real command taking though into account that one can act as if he or she does not hear:
tusanngisaqtuq (“seeking not to hear”), naalanngisaqtuq (“seeking not to listen or obey”). Interesting discussions
with Susan Inuaraq (Iqaluit, Nunavut) led to a great number of examples pertaining to day-to day life or exceptional
circumstances. Stress will be put on the importance of considering linguistic expression when dealing with notions such
Thisted, Kirsten
Copenhagen University, thisted@hum.ku.dk, Denmark
Branding Greenland. Nation-Branding as a Strategy of Decolonization
Since the earliest days of colonization Greenland has been explored, described, and represented by Europeans,
especially cruise ship tourism, but the place lacks on infrastructures and offers. In addition only a fraction of the
profits stays on the place. Sled dog tours are important in terms of income for the local population but are still of
little numbers. Mining opportunities in the region seems to be more than a promise as demonstrated by several tests,
however the assessment process is long and needs audit necessary infrastructure and work force are not available yet.
In addition, mining development in the Arctic today is rarely based on local work force but depending on imported
specialized workers for the typical duration of mines of 15-30 years, so a critical question would be if potential mining
opportunities would involve the community at all. Furthermore, the community is confronted by other challenges: How
is Ittoqqortoormiit facing climate change? How is this small isolated community reacting to social and cultural changes?
The options of new jobs that have aroused many people, are they just dreams or may they be turned into reality? Is
the community showing adaptation to new options or resilience to old models? These questions will be discussed and
results from field work research will be presented.
Topping, John and Wildcat, Daniel
President, The Climate Institute
Professor, Haskell Indian Nations University; Founder, American Indian Alaska Native Climate Change Working Group
primarily the Danes. At the same time a process of nation building has been taking place. In 2009 Self Government
Taking Bold Steps to Slow Climate Change in the Arctic Region independence. One of the effects is that we now see the Greenlanders taking a much more active part in representing
a whole. Summertime Arctic sea ice is disappearing, villages are threatened with erosion, wildlife and habitats are
of actively branding the nation. The paper will investigate the potentials of the slogan “Pioneering Nation” - with special
feedback loops set into motion are accelerating the rate of warming, with potentially devastating implications for the
was implemented in Greenland, bringing the Home Rule (implemented in 1979) a big step further in the direction of
themselves and their country - with Self-Government the Greenlanders are taking the nation building into a new phase
Climate change in the Arctic is here. The Arctic’s mean temperature is rising more than twice as fast as the Earth as
threatened, and the Greenland Ice Sheet is melting ever-faster, increasing the rate of sea level rise. Moreover, regional
emphasis on how terms as “Greenlander” and “Indigenous” are negotiated in the brand.
entire planet. As a result, stopping Arctic warming is the front line in the fight against global climate change. This
Thuesen, Søren
actively mitigate emissions causing Arctic warming.
University of Copenhagen, sthuesen@hum.ku.dk, Denmark
William Thalbitzer and Danish Eskimology
presentation will introduce the Arctic Climate Action Registry (ACAR), a new initiative to incentivize projects that
Under the ACAR umbrella, a new Arctic carbon registry is being created, integrating the Kyoto greenhouse gases as
well as short-lived climate forcers, including black carbon and tropospheric ozone. In addition, the relative effects of
Due to the colonial relations between Denmark and Greenland, there is a long history of Danish research in Greenland.
these climate forcers will be measured for the first time in terms of their near-term impacts, in recognition of the crisis
University of Copenhagen in 1920, when William Thalbitzer was appointed professor extraordinarius in “Greenlandic
offset credits. ACAR is also launching the Arctic Climate Protection Network to provide a common mechanism for
The paper investigates aspects of the history of Danish Eskimology established as a university discipline at the
that is now unfolding. Through this mechanism, mitigation efforts will be able to be transformed into valuable market
(Eskimo) language and culture.” Today, Eskimology and Arctic Studies is a multi-disciplinary discipline still situated
communities, consumers, agencies and children to get directly involved in finding and implementing solutions. ACAR’s
and Greenland in particular. Through a short presentation of research interests and methods of professor Thalbitzer,
people’s representatives.
at the University of Copenhagen and dealing with language, culture, history, and society in the Inuit Arctic region
steering committee is comprised of leading climate scientists, NGOs, academics, business leaders, and indigenous
his succeeding professors Erik Holtved and Robert Petersen, and colleagues at the Department of Eskimology in the
Tremayne, Andrew H.
positioned itself through the shifts in Danish-Greenlandic political relations in the 20th century.
University of California Davis, ahtremayne@ucdavis.edu, USA
period from 1920-1980, the paper discusses the development of the discipline and in particular how the discipline has
Tommasini, Daniela
Roskilde University, dtommasini@iol.it, Italy
From Hunting to Tourism and Mining. the Community of Ittoqqortoormiit, East Greenland Among
Dreams and Realities
Ittoqqortoormiit on the East Coast of Greenland, founded in 1924-1925 merely for geopolitical reasons after the territorial
dispute between Denmark and Norway, has one of the most remote geographical situations in Greenland. Inhabited
Current Studies of the Western Arctic Small Tool Tradition
This presentation will provide an updated overview of the early Arctic Small Tool Tradition (ASTt) material culture in
Alaska. A series of recent studies and discoveries have served to support and dismiss some commonly held conceptions
about the western ASTt, often referred to as Denbigh Flint complex. Recent discoveries have greatly expanded our
knowledge of ASTt organic technology, subsistence patterns, and social life. A frozen bone midden in the Brooks Range
supports the interpretation that Denbigh people were specialized caribou hunters, while evidence for sea mammal use
on the coast lends evidence to a fully developed maritime adaptation. To situate this research in the broader context I
today (2012) by 464 persons, and in year 2000 by 521 in the town and 26 in the two adjacent villages, it is characterized
will provide a brief summary of the known sites, ASTt origins, timing, spatial distribution, and environmental setting.
adjacent villages (2004 and 2006), by also having low incomes and high unemployment rates. Traditional subsistence
patterns and their implications for social organization, group size, mobility, trade, and subsistence strategies.
not only by a marked population decrease that has led to the drop in population and the recent abandoning of the two
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Abstract List
as authority and leadership.
and remote, is seeking for alternatives to the current economy. Tourism has growing its importance in the last years,
I will provide an overview of the artifacts, features, and faunal record, and conclude with a discussion of the general
hunting activities are the main occupation, and transfer payments are the main income sources. The region, peripherally
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Tróndheim, Gitte
Vakhtin, Nikolai B.
Ilisimatusarfik/University of Greenland, gitr@ks.uni, Greenland
European University in St. Petersburg, nvakhtin@gmail.com, Russia
Kinship in Greenland - Emotions of Relatedness
Yupik Eskimo Linguistics in Russia: Bogoras, Rubtsova, Menovshchikov
Kinship relations in Greenland are created through genealogy, consanguinity, affinity, adoption, naming, friendship,
This paper presents brief biographies of three people who, between 1880 and 1980, laid the foundation for Yupik
different ways. The basic ideology for kinsmen is the expectation that you agree on moral and mutual obligation such
an episode, a digression from his extensive research on the nearby Chukchi people. For Ekaterina Rubtsova (1888-1970),
and motivate behavior; as the Greenlandic families talk about relatedness as emotion, I see emotions as a powerful
Georgii Menovshchikov (1911-1990), this was, in a way, the work of his life. In this paper, I will also discuss the level of
and between colleagues. Functions, organization, structure, and roles of kinship in towns can be utilized in many
as (1) sharing, (2) naming, (3) adoption, and (4) friendship. In a Greenlandic context, emotions structure social relations
experience for urban Greenlandic kinship relations.
studies of the Yupik language played a more important role: it became her profession for the second half of her life. For
linguistic training of the three protagonists and the effect it had on their results. In conclusion, I will briefly present the
current situation in Yupik linguistics in Russia.
University of Copenhagen, trondhjem@hum.ku.dk, Denmark
van Dam, K.I.M.
West Greenlandic contains about 50-60 derivational aspectual affixes and some of them have more than one meaning - a concrete
meaning and a temporal meaning. The aspectual affixes are divided into quantitative aspect and phasal aspect. The quantificational
Being Young in Nunavut. The Meaning of Community, the Land and Territory to the Young People of
Pond Inlet
aspectual affixes are divided into semelfactive/momentaneous; distributive/collective; repetitive; iterative/habitual (also serving
as gnomic/generic); and continuative. Within the group of continuative aspectual affixes there are about seven affixes, -juar
This paper offers an exploratory discussion on the relation of young people in Nunavut to three different spatial units: the
(continually, still), -juaannar (always, continually), -juarsinnar (always, continually), -tuinnar (always, continually (biblical)), -loor
community, the land, and the Territory of Nunavut. It is based on fieldwork in Pond Inlet in 2005 that focused on different aspects
of place attachment. First, this paper will start with the meaning of nunavut as “our home,” the community. These permanent
The Continuative Aspect in West Greenlandic
(the whole time) and -usaar (keep on, with difficulty). The meanings “continually” and “always” seem to be the common traits
University of Groningen, k.i.m.van.dam@rug.nl, The Netherlands
settlements where people live year round are exogenous to traditional Inuit culture, and the relation of the people of Nunavut to
of these affixes. In this paper the meanings of “continually” and “always” will be investigated, and differentiate the context
community life can at best be described as ambivalent. The community is the place to find facilities, work, family and friends, but
quantificational and phasal affixes, as it is known, that the order is: stem + inner phasal aspect + habitual + outer phasal aspect +
of Pond Inlet will be analyzed focusing on three aspects of this relation: their dependence on, identification with, and attachment
in which the different continuative affixes are used. The second investigation is the relative order of these affixes and the other
tense + inflection. The goal is to test where in this order the continuative affixes are placed or if there is a common principle at all.
Tyrrell, Martina
University of Exeter, m.tyrrell@exeter.ac.uk, UK
community life is also held responsible for many of today’s problems. In this paper, the relation of young people to the community
to the community of Pond Inlet. Second, this paper will discuss the relation of young people to the land, which can be described
as the antithesis of community life: going out on the land, leaving the community and being semi-nomadic again. How do young
people experience being out on the land? Finally, the newest interpretation of “nunavut” is that of the Territory: Nunavut, Our
Land. How do young people living in a community like Pond Inlet experience Nunavut? What does Nunavut mean in this
Dialogue, Discourse, and Multi-Scale Wildlife Management in Nunavut
respect? This part in particular will look at the representation of the Territory at the local level.
The realization of Inuit self-determination has been accompanied by the creation of co-operative management institutions,
van Klaveren, Rosanne
through which collaboration between scientific and Inuit experts informs science and policy. Embedded within Inuit
land claims settlements are rights to continued participation in traditional hunting, fishing, and trapping practices, and
rosanne@foodrelated.org, Belgium
full and equal participation in the processes of conserving species through the formation of wildlife co-management
Towards Togetherness: Sharing Knowledge in the Between
across international terrestrial and maritime Arctic boundaries and beyond. Conservation of these species, therefore, is
scientific thinking. On the one hand, academic knowledge usually excludes creative expressions and animistic truths that seem
bodies. However, many of the species on which Inuit rely for subsistence are migratory, with home ranges extending
undertaken on multiple and overlapping scales, ranging from customary management practices at the individual and
One of the most auspicious challenges in human sciences is the interplay between indigenous knowledge and Western
to be opposite to the empirical and measurable methods of scientific inquiry. This exclusion enforces the colonial us-and-them
community level, to the international treaties and agreements adhered to by all Arctic states. Based on ethnographic
dichotomy and therefore strengthens the distance between the knowledge systems. On the other hand, the sharing of scientific
order to explore dominant discourses within multi-scale wildlife conservation. These dialogues reveal opposed discourses
and to make research outcomes understandable and meaningful to non-academics is searched for. Can participatory practices
research, this paper analyses face-to-face dialogues between Inuit hunters and wildlife biologists at the community level in
outcomes with participating indigenous communities is often aimed at. Therefore, ways to include indigenous knowledge
regarding the perceived role of species in the environment, regarding the role of humans relative to those species, and
give space for the sharing of knowledge? Enables artistic and creative activities people to meet in the middle? Less burdened
in the dialogues between self-governing Inuit and the practitioners of positivistic science are revealed as barriers to the
tools to create spaces for shared activities. The FOOD RELATED project, established under supervision of the University of
regarding the purpose and means of knowledge production and dissemination. The mismatched discourses that emerge
integration of multi-scale knowledge(s) and to the meaningful and full participation by all stakeholders in the conservation
of those species which are integral to Inuit life.
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Abstract List
Trondhjem, Naja Blytmann
Eskimo languages studies in Russia. For Vladimir Bogoras (1865-1936), linguistic studies of Yupik languages were just
by empirical thinking and often trained to think outside the box, artists can handle a varied range of skills, methods, and
Leuven (Belgium) and a thematic network of the University of the Arctic, researches how artistry, creativity, and new media in
participatory practices can bring people together, temporarily. Recipes, facts, concerns, news items, and other content related to
food and food culture in the Arctic are collected on an online platform, while workshops and other gatherings are organized to
share this knowledge. During the Carpenter Memorial Round Table about experimental forms of communication, the FOOD
RELATED platform will be presented and discussed as an alternative approach.
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Vorano, Norman
Canadian Museum of Civilization, norman.vorano@civilization.ca, Canada
Quiet Complications: Masculinity in Contemporary Inuit Art
The study of gender in contemporary Inuit art has almost exclusively focused upon ‘femininity,’ through scholarly
articles, monographs, and both major and minor art exhibitions about Inuit women artists. As varied in their
approaches as they are in their conclusions, there is general agreement that art has been one of the most important
means of expressing and articulating the experiences of Inuit women, their transforming role and value in contemporary
society. These investigations, however, proceed along a single axis and seldom take into account the relational role of Inuit
men and the shifting construction of Inuit masculinity- an area little studied. To enlarge this discussion about gender, my
presentation focuses upon the work of an emerging contemporary Inuit artist from the community of Cape Dorset, Jamasie
subject to a sustained analysis, the artist’s oeuvre points to a deep though furtive exploration of Inuit maleness, and evokes
a disquieting crisis in the representation of Inuit masculinity that has social implications beyond his individual person.
This presentation contextualizes the work of this innovative artist while foregrounding questions about gender that are
relevant to the wider study of Inuit art.
Wachowich, Nancy
University of Aberdeen, n.wachowich@abdn.ac.uk, UK
The Skin and the Screen: Inuit Skin Parkas, Art and Filmmaking
This paper explores the production, circulation, and intercultural valuation of arctic skin clothing. The sewing of animal-skin
parkas, trousers, boots, and mittens is a skilled, creative, and inherently relational practice that expresses Inuit relationships
with their physical environment and with each other. These garments are recognized in communities across the Arctic for
their aesthetic beauty and for the social relationships they embody. Yet for a variety of reasons - be they issues of conservation,
display, the politics of fur, or aesthetic frameworks - skin clothing has largely been left out of the southern metropolitan art
world. The paper turns on the narratives of two parkas dating from the early 20th century: the first, made for and then worn
by Iglulingmiut shaman Aua; the second belonging to an Aivilingmiut woman, Shoofly. I explore aspects of the parkas’
manufacture, collection, and museum exhibition, and then their replication and re-animation - more than a century later, as
costumes for the 2006 The Journals of Knud Rasmussen, a feature film by Inuit film corporation Igloolik Isuma Productions.
Contemporary filmmaking practices and digital communications technologies are critically considered as media through
which these garments can be mobilized in local and in global communication networks, both as substantiations of Inuit
environmental and social relationships, and as politicized expressions of cultural continuity and sovereignty.
Waghiyi, Vi; Miller, Pamela
Alaska Community Action on Toxics, USA
Community Based Research and Policy Engagement to Protect Health on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska
Community based participatory research demonstrates that the Yupik people of St. Lawrence Island (SLI) in the Bering
Sea region of Alaska receive disproportionate exposures from contaminants through long-range transport and military
sources. Community concerns prompted a study which demonstrated that blood serum of the Yupik people contained
PCB levels significantly above those of the general U.S. population. This research suggests that atmospheric transport of
PCBs contributes to levels in the Yupik people, and that the abandoned military site at the Northeast Cape on SLI also
contributes to the human body burden in those individuals who have either spent substantial time or consumed food from
zYupik traditional foods for contaminants to inform community decisions and interventions. They conducted sampling to
assess contamination from the military site. Results show elevated levels of contaminants in the watershed at Northeast
species. For unlimited fish consumption, EPA’s risk-based consumption limit for PCBs in fish is 1.5 ppb to avoid excess risk
of cancer. Since the Yupik people sustain cultural ways of life that rely on traditional foods, dietary exposure is likely a
significant source of the PCBs, particularly rendered oils and blubber. Researchers are working with community leadership
on SLI to develop collaborative interventions that will eliminate and reduce exposures. This presentation will include
discussion of the research results, collaborative interventions, and policy engagement of the research team and community.
Wakeham, Pauline
University of Western Ontario, pwakeham@uwo.ca, Canada
At the Intersection of Apology and Sovereignty: The Arctic Exile Monument Project as Territorial
Reinscription
On August 18, 2010, Canada’s Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development Canada delivered a long-awaited
apology in Inukjuak, Nunavik for the relocation of more than 90 Inuit roughly 1,800 kilometres north of their homelands to
Grise Fiord and Resolute Bay in the 1950s. Forced into a decades-long exile, the relocatees suffered from malnourishment,
perpetual darkness, and extreme cold. While the government cited beneficent motivations for the relocation, subsequent
investigations have confirmed Inuit claims of being used as pawns in Canada’s Cold War effort to solidify its assertion
of sovereignty in the High Arctic. The 2010 apology strikingly converged with another bid by the Canadian state to
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Padluq Pitseolak. Taken individually, his sculptures seem to offer harmless jokes, puns, or toyish avatars of childhood. But
in the traditional diet. Rendered oil samples contained the highest PCB concentrations, ranging from 200-450 ppb in seal
bolster Arctic sovereignty when, the following day, Prime Minister Harper unveiled his new Arctic action plan. My
paper will analyze the articulation of apology and sovereignty in the current era, exploring how, in the particular case of
the High Arctic relocation, the formal apology reinforces settler-state authority while overwriting Inuit nationhood and
territorial rights. Rather than focusing solely upon dominant discourses, my paper will read the Canadian government’s
official apology and policy documents in dialogue with the Arctic Exile Monument Project sponsored by the land claims
organization Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated. Featuring two commemorative stone sculptures made by Inuit carvers
and positioned at the relocation sites of Grise Fiord and Resolute Bay, the Monument Project hauntingly evokes the
Canadian state’s exploitation of Indigenous bodies as corporeal flagpoles while simultaneously functioning as alternative
inscriptions upon the land that materialize Indigenous survival and destabilize Canada’s territorial legitimacy.
Walls, Matthew and Olsen, Natuk
University of Toronto, matthew.walls@utoronto.ca, Canada
Nunatta Katersugaasivia Allagaateqarfialu/Greenland National Museum & Archives, Greenland
Qaannat Katuffiat: Intangible Heritage, Kinaesthetic Knowledge, and the Kayak Competition in
Greenland
Qaannat Katuffiat is a sports organization that, since the mid-1980s, has been working to ensure that the skills and
practices of kayak hunting continue to be practiced in West Greenland. For Qaannat Katuffiat, the physical process of
building kayaks and becoming skilled in their use is an important part of Inuit heritage. Kayaking involves special
types of physical fitness, technical ability, social relationships and environmental knowledge. These take many years of
careful practice to develop, and through the process, kayakers commit knowledge to muscle memory and attune their
senses to aspects of the environment that would not otherwise be apparent. To find a place for kayaking in a community
that no longer depends on the skill for survival, Qaannat Katuffiat developed the tradition into a popular sport with
an annual competition. This paper will examine the history of the kayak competition with an emphasis on the types of
physical fitness and embodied responsiveness that the sport is developed to test. Drawing on interviews and participant
observation conducted from 2009-2011, we will trace the particular experiences that the rules of the competition were
designed to preserve. We will also discuss kayaking within the broader context of intangible heritage in Greenland today.
Cape, an important traditional subsistence use area and village site prior to the military occupation. In order to assess
dietary exposures, community researchers collected several hundred samples of the diverse species that are important
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Walton, Fiona; Arnaquq, Naullaq and O’Leary, Darlene
UPEI, fwalton@upei.ca, Canada
between Inuit and the Canadian state anew. Furthermore, I argue that NLCA itself is a new beginning in the power
Government of Nunavut, Canada
relations of the north aimed towards a broader recognition of the harmful effects of the colonization of the Canadian
Inuit Educational Leadership in Nunavut: Inuit Perspectives on Present Realities and Future Directions
Wells, Patty and Renouf, M.A.P.
University of Prince Edward Island, dmoleary@upei.ca, Canada
This presentation highlights the research gathered from an Inuit Educational Leadership Workshop held in Iqaluit,
Nunavut, in February 2012, during a Nunavut-wide Teachers’ Conference. The workshop focuses on the present state
of Inuit Educational Leadership in Nunavut, involves Inuit educators and is led by graduates of the UPEI Nunavut
Master of Education (MEd) program. This workshop, as well as individual discussions with MEd graduates, provides
findings relating to progress and ongoing challenges facing Inuit educational leadership in Nunavut. It highlights the
experiences and perspectives of Inuit educators on the state of education in Nunavut, the inclusion and participation
of Inuit educators in the school system, the impact of Inuit Quajimajatuqangit (IQ) principles on education, and the
leadership possibilities for Inuit educators. The workshop takes place in both Inuktitut and English, with simultaneous
translation, and is recorded and transcribed for research documentation and analysis. Individual interviews with some
participants document the perspectives of Inuit MEd graduates on Inuit educational leadership; consider their present
professional roles and their hopes for the future of Inuit education. The research team plans to publish their analysis of
the findings and distribute them widely among Inuit educators to encourage ongoing dialogue and initiatives.
Warrior, Claire
National Maritime Museum; University of Cambridge, UK
cwarrior@rmg.co.uk or clw1005@cam.ac.uk
Institutions and Inuit Collections: The National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, London
The National Maritime Museum (NMM) in London holds a small but interesting collection of Inuit material culture,
mostly from the 19th century. Many of the artifacts were collected by members of Royal Naval expeditions searching for
the Northwest Passage, or were brought back to England by those searching for the location of Sir John Franklin and his
men, after their disappearance in the 1840s. They often have a long history of being displayed, particularly in the Painted
Hall of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich, and were literally brought over the road to the newly-founded NMM in 1937.
Within the NMM, Polar exploration has consistently been on display since the 1950s, both in temporary displays and
permanent galleries. Yet since that date, the narrative that is told about these artifacts has very rarely changed. They are
usually embedded within tropes of European exploration and particularly associated with individual explorers. Many
are categorized as “Polar equipment and relics,” rather than as Inuit material culture; some artifacts had been classified or
displayed as Inuit, but have, through more recent stylistic analysis, been found to come from other indigenous cultures. In
this paper, I will outline the history of the collections and present an analysis of their display over time to discuss how they
have been understood and, perhaps, misunderstood within the museum context. I will look at the ways in which museums
can constrain the multivocality of objects, and ask how such artifacts might be framed in the future.
Weber, Barret
University of Alberta, barretw@ualberta.ca, Canada
On How NLCA Teaches Us How to Begin Again From the Beginning
The Nunavut Land Claims Agreement (NLCA) enabled Inuit of the eastern Arctic to renegotiate the terms of their
north over the past several centuries.
Memorial University of Newfoundland, pwells@mun.ca; mapr@mun.ca; Canada
A Technological Approach to Symbolic Representation: Material Culture at Phillip’s Garden,
Northwestern Newfoundland.
Aspects of Dorset material culture at Phillip’s Garden, northwestern Newfoundland share a number of design
characteristics that suggest ideological links among people, animals, and tools. Features such as shape and decoration
are repeated on lithic and osseous tools, representations of animals, and the layout of features within houses. These
characteristics of material culture will be presented including: (i) endblades that are chipped into human forms, (ii)
harpoon heads and animal representations that share multiple design features, and (iii) decorative incisions on tools
that are repeated in the creation of axial features within dwellings. These aspects of design not only suggest a template
for material culture creation, the repeated themes indicate a culturally defined reality that does not separate people,
animals, and things into strictly defined categories, but instead suggests a more integrated Dorset world.
Abstract List
Abstract List
Nunavut as a politics of “beginning from the beginning”, that is, as a reconsideration of the entire colonial relationship
White, Toni; Gatbonton, Elizabeth; Nochasak, Christine; Jararuse, Suzanna and
Andersen, Harriet
Torngâsok Cultural Centre, Canada
toni_white@nunatsiavut.com; christine_nochasak@nunatsiavut.com;
suzanna_jararuse@nunatsiavut.com; harriet_andersen@nunatsiavut.com
Concordia University, beth.gatbonton@education.concordia.ca, Canada
Sivuppialautta (Let ’s Move Forward): A Case Of Putting Theory Into Practice & Moving Toward
Revitalization of Inuttitut in Nunatsiavut, Labrador.
The development of a task-based curriculum for the revitalization of Labrador Inuttitut in Nunatsiavut began with three
Curriculum Developers (CD’s) with no experience working on the development of a task-based curriculum and one
Curriculum Consultant (CC) with no knowledge of Labrador Inuttitut. To some, the Labrador Inuttitut Training Program
(LITP) may have appeared to be a recipe for disaster but they would have been incorrect. It became a true educational
experience as the CD’s learned to understand what a task-based curriculum was and worked on the development of the
materials. The CC, in turn, began learning Inuttitut through her work with the CD’s. In November 2011, the Nunatsiavut
Government Department of Culture, Recreation and Tourisms’ division of language and culture, the Torngâsok
Cultural Centre, hosted a two-week pilot testing the task-based curriculum with two of the CD’s (Christine Nochasak
and Suzanna Jararuse) as Instructors of the pilot. The class of twelve ranged in age from twenty-one to sixty-two years
of age. They self-identified as being able to understand a small amount of Inuttitut but unable to carry a conversation.
These twelve students have now become the Alumni of the LITP. In this talk, we will describe the task-based curriculum
and the mini-pilot process. We will address the needs of our LITP Alumni and discuss our plans to continue their
education as we move forward “Sivuppialautta.” Further, we will speak upon the fifty-year “Asiujittailillugit UKausivut”
(Preserving Our Language) Inuttitut revitalization strategy for Nunatsiavut and the role the LITP will play.
inclusion in the Canadian constitution and in the north with respect to the division from the Northwest Territories.
For those scholars and activists interested in the valences political change, this is a gripping story. Now over a decade
after the creation of the Nunavut territory itself, we can read the 1993 NLCA as a political grammar that both makes
concessions with the Canadian state but also a political movement that enunciates what is important to Inuit in terms
of hunting rights and land stewardship among other issues. In this paper, I discuss the rise of Inuit and the territory of
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Whitecloud, Simone and Grenoble, Lenore
Dartmouth College, simone.whitecloud@dartmouth.edu, USA
University of Chicago, USA
An Interdisciplinary Approach to Documenting Knowledge: Plants & Their Uses in Greenland
While the native language of west Greenland, Kalaallisut is robust with over 50,000 speakers, traditional knowledge
of plant uses has been lost due to extensive Danish contact. We take an interdisciplinary approach to reconstructing
this lost knowledge: the biologist provides botanical identification, plant uses, methods of collection, preparation,
and storage, while the linguist provides access to the linguistic identification of the plants, both in Greenland and in
a pan-Inuit context, and access to the historical documentation. This collaborative effort allows us to document the
revitalization of knowledge, reconstructed via exchange with other Inuit plant users (in Alaska and Canada) as well
local) about plants in Greenland. We supplement published sources such as Nunaata Naasui (Greenland’s Flora), a
bilingual (Kalaallisut-Danish) field guide with over 150 plants that lacks information on plant uses with fieldwork and
interviews. From a linguistic standpoint we consider the meaning and etymologies of Kalaallisut plant names, how
they correspond to or differ from other Inuit terminology and what they reveal about indigenous taxonomies. We seek
to determine which plant uses are Danish influenced and which are specific to Greenland and to Inuit cultures. Our
findings indicate that local knowledge of plant uses is greater than believed. Certain medicinal plants are known across
the population and differ in preparation across Arctic peoples.
Understanding the significance of the climate-health connection, the Rigolet Inuit Community Government in Nunatsiavut,
Labrador, Canada, led a multi-year, community based, participatory, storytelling project, which examined the impacts
of climate change on human health and well-being. The community of Rigolet partnered with a transdisciplinary team
of community researchers, social scientists, epidemiologists, and health professionals to use digital storytelling to gather
stories and data about climate change in the region, climate-health relationships, and impacts on cultural identity and
livelihoods. These “digital dialogues” formed an innovative and powerful platform for engaging participants, and for
understanding the impacts of climate change on health in Inuit communities. Digital storytelling also emerged as an
important research method, capable of creatively engaging individuals and communities in the research process, and
is a powerful Indigenous narrative method. This presentation will discuss the process of using digital storytelling as
participatory research method to preserve and promote local knowledge, discover and share climate-health relations, and
enhance adaptive capacities. Examples of the digital stories created through this project will be screened, followed by a
discussion of using participatory digital media to conduct research about climate-health relationships in Inuit communities
and to create culturally-relevant health media, by Inuit and for Inuit.
Willox, Ashlee Cunsolo; Harper, Sherilee; Edge, Victoria and the Rigolet Inuit
Community Government
Wight, Darlene
Curatorial Research: A Collaborative Process
Examining the Climatic and Environmental Determinants of Mental Health: A Case Study from
Nunatsiavut, Labrador, Canada
The curator of a large public collection of contemporary Inuit art must establish many relationships in order to build and
Canadian Inuit are currently experiencing rapid climatic and environmental changes in their homelands: decreased
research that collection. The most important collaborations are with artists and this has been a priority in WAG research
snow and ice quality, thickness, and extent; increased seasonal temperatures; alterations in precipitation patterns;
over the years. However, it is sometimes necessary to extend conversations to members of artists’ families and their
increased seasonal temperatures; melting permafrost; coastal erosion; and changes in wildlife and vegetation patterns
one exhibition, Early Masters: Inuit Sculpture 1949–1955, that demonstrates the varied forms of collaboration necessary
which directly disrupts the socio-cultural fabric of the communities and individual livelihoods and impacts health
wider community to learn about art that was created in previous decades. This presentation focuses on the research for
to learn about the art.
Williams, Glenn
gwilliams@tunngavik.com, Canada
New Approached for Linking Science And Inuit Knowledge: Examples of Scientific Research That Linked
With Inuit Knowledge
in their Northern regions. These changes are decreasing the ability of Inuit to hunt, trap, forage, or travel on the land,
and well-being. While there is a burgeoning field of research examining climate-health relations, most studies rarely
consider the implications for mental health and well-being. Yet, from data gathered as part of a multi-year, community
driven, participatory project in Nunatsiavut, Canada, it is clear that the emotional and mental consequences of climatic
and environmental change are of increasing concern and importance to Northern residents. Drawing from 85 in-depth
interviews and 112 questionnaires conducted in Rigolet from 2009 to 2010, community members reported experiencing
climate-related mental health impacts through seven interrelated pathways: increased reports of family stress; increased
The approach of both Scientific and Inuit Knowledge to understanding the Arctic System is based on observations. While
reports of drug and alcohol usage; increased reports of suicide ideation; the amplification of other traumas or mental
there is only benefit to be gained by linking the two systems of observation. The Inuit Bowhead Knowledge Study is an
findings indicate the urgent need for more research on environmental-change-related mental health impacts and emotio-
scientific aerial surveys and produced a more complete story of the Bowhead Whales in the Eastern Canadian Arctic System.
to and assist with the mental health impacts of climate change.
science makes observations from space to the microscope, Inuit observations are continuous from generation to generation;
example of the linking of Inuit knowledge of the Bowhead Whale with scientific aerial surveys that corrected previous
health stressors; decreased place-based mental solace; a sense of identity loss; and grief for a changing environment. These
mental adaptive processes in Canada and internationally, and for more mental health programming to enhance resilience
Storytelling in a Digital Age: Digital Storytelling as an Emergent Participatory Narrative Method for
Climate-Health Research and Promotion
Changing Climate, Changing Health, Changing Stories: Climate-Health Research and Promotion in
Rigolet, Nunatsiavut, Labrador, Canada
For Canada’s Northern regions, climatic and environmental change pose significant challenges to the physical,
mental, emotional, and spiritual health and well-being of residents. Inuit communities are particularly vulnerable to
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Abstract List
as other Arctic users (such as the Sami). Here we discuss our work collecting the knowledge (linguistic, scientific, and
environmental changes, as many continue to live lifestyles closely tied to, and reliant upon, the natural environment.
In 2009, the Rigolet Inuit Community Government in Nunatsiavut, Labrador undertook a multi-year, community-driven,
participatory, storytelling project dedicated to examining the impacts of changes in snow, ice, weather, wildlife, and
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vegetation on health and well-being in the community. Using an EcoHealth approach, the community of Rigolet worked
with social science researchers and epidemiologists to gather data about climate change in the region, climate-health
relationships, and current and possible adaptation strategies. This project combined participatory digital storytelling with
in-depth interviews, focus groups, and two surveys to gather this data collaboratively with the community. Residents
reported impacts of climate change on food security, water quality and access, changes in vegetation and wildlife, and
changes in ice and snow conditions in the Nunatsiavut region, and discussed the subsequent implications for physical,
mental, and emotional health and well-being. Rigolet residents were involved in all stages of the research, and through this
process, community members expanded research capacities, increased confidence to independently examine and study
climate-related issues, and created the My Word: Storytelling and Digital Media Lab in Rigolet to continue to conduct
research and create health communication videos. These findings demonstrate the interconnection between climatic and
There are many exhbitions across the Smithsonian and Washington to compliment the Inuit Studies Conference. The Arctic
Journeys/Ancient Memories exhibit will be held at the Sealaska Gallery in the National Musuem of the American Indian
from October 2012-January, 2013. Three S. Dillon Ripley Center exhibits will be held from October 19-December 5, 2012.
National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI), Sealaska Gallery
Arctic Journeys/Ancient Memories: The Sculpture of Abraham Anghik Ruben, October 4, 2012-January 2, 2013
Ruben’s artistic themes address one of the major misconceptions about the Inuit—that they
were isolated, marginalized survivors of an inhospitable land. This early Western view of the
participatory methods to design and conduct health research. These findings also indicate the need for health adaptation
North derived from ill-equipped and inexperienced navigators has been radically changed
health and well-being of Indigenous, remote, or resource-dependent communities.
systems that connected Siberia with Alaska, Canada, and Greenland, and—after the Viking times
strategies and for health programming and support to address the impacts of climatic and environmental change on the
Vanast, Walter
McGill University
“Documentary Archeology”: An Example With Many Photos Concerning Chief Kokhlik the Mackenzie
Delta’s Powerful Leader 1892-1902
Archival studies of the North mimic the work of archaeologists, akin to their search through successively deeper
by archaeological discoveries that reveal the Inuit as middlemen in a vast trade and exchange
ca. AD 1000—with Europeans. Anghik’s sculpture addresses these Arctic cultural connections by
incorporating themes from mythology, Inuit life, history and archaeology, and other sources, all
woven into beautifully-rendered sculpture in soapstone, whalebone, and narwhal tusk.
S. Dillon Ripley Concourse Exhibitions
Culture on Cloth, Curtor: Judith Varney Burch
levels while searching for minuscule clues. When combined, the details vividly recreate the lives and personalities of a
Artist Irene Avaalaaqiaq, an Inuit elder, grew up in Canada’s remote Arctic tundra region,
provide a documentary history of Kokhilik, a prominent Inuvialuit chief during the turbulent period in the late 1800s.
Avaalaaqiaq said, she didn’t know that any other people existed outside her own. She
number of Inuit. This paper presents archival information from a variety of sources, including photographic records, to
Exhibitions
Abstract List
environmental change and health and well-being, and demonstrate the importance of engaging communities through
Exhibitions
raised by her grandmother after her parents and grandfather passed away. For a long time,
listened to her grandmother’s stories over the years, and eventually began to transform
this oral tradition into art. Her work is among the 19 beautiful tapestries that make up the
exhibit. Made of coarse, thick wool, the colorful pieces depict hunting scenes and traditional
aspects of list and Inuit culture. Most of the artists are elderly, and six of the 12 have passed away. The artists are women from
Baker Lake, a small Inuit community of 1,300 inhabitants in the Canadian territory of Nunavut. which established a major print
making studio and textile program in the last 1960’s under the direction of artist Jack and Sheila Butler. The artists intimate
relationship with the land, including the essential skills of sewing manifests itself in this exhibition.
From Kingait to Ulukhaktok: The Artist as Cultural Historian, Curator: Bernadette Driscoll Engelstad
Through their prints, Inuit artists portray the experience of life on the land, recalling the centrality
of the hunt, the skill of hunters and seamstresses, the practice of shamanism, and the transition
to contemporary settlements. Despite economic changes across the Arctic, art continues to play a
pivotal role as artists explore the cultural history of the North, transforming memory and experience
into drawings and prints that not only document historical events but highlight significant social and
cultural themes. Exploring the Eastern Inuit world, Photographer: Wilfred Richard
The Eastern Arctic theme is testament to one of the world’s great - and little
acknowledged - geographic regions. Through much of the last two decades, field
exploration has brought to light the dramatic power of this maritime region, once well
known to European fishermen and powerful empires. Now, as this region is coming
to light again, we are learning about the history, the environments, and the small-scale
adaptations to climate change. This region is becoming increasingly important as the result
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of climate change: the endless need by global economies for its rich mineraland petroleum resources, Arctic Ocean trade
routes between Europe and Asia, the desires of ecotourists, and the emergence of indigenous Arctic peoples as a political force.
In the forthcoming book MAINE TO GREENLAND: EXPLORING THE MARITIME FAR NORTHEAST (Smithsonian Books
– distributed by Random House, forthcoming May 2013), individual chapters are devoted to the geographic sections of the
Maritime Far Northeast, which Wilfred E. Richard--the exhibition curator and author-- has photographed since the 1990’s.
International Gallery Exhibitions
The International Gallery, located off of the Ripley Center’s main concourse, will host traveling exhibitions from several
outside organizations, as well as providing conference participants a place to rest, converse, and enjoy refreshments.
Participants are encouraged to wander the gallery and explore our three visiting exhibits while they relax!
ITK’s “Polar Lines: The Inuit Editorial Cartoon Exhibition”
ITK’s “Polar Lines” exhibition, located in the front portion of the International Gallery, features 100
cartoons organized in 10 thematic panels. The cartoons span 50 years of Canadian history, and feature
more about ITK, please visit the website, www.itk.ca or to learn more about the “Polar Lines” exhibit,
please visit the exhibit website. If you are interested in hosting “Polar Lines” for your venue, please contact Scot Nickels.
Many Strong Voices: Arctic Edition
Collections
Exhibitions
artists’ perspectives on the Arctic using the satirical graphic tradition of political cartoons. To learn
The Many Strong Voices panels, located in the back portion of the International Gallery, use
photography and stories to highlight the impact of global environmental change upon the land and
people of the Arctic and Small Island Developing States. To learn more about Many Strong Voices,
please visit their website. If you are interested in hosting a Many Strong Voices exhibition, please contact John Crump.
Morrow Sound: Sound Design Environments
MorrowSound, located in the back atrium and near the refreshments table of the
International Gallery, provides sound design environments, many specifically from
the Arctic. Charles Morrow Productions LLC plans, designs and builds projects in
True 3D and other sound design environments. CMP creates immersive sound content,
employs branded sound and can incorporate voices and music. Our original Soundscapes can bring to life natural
environments, cityscapes and all places in between. We have performed our sound magic for museum installations,
commercial soundtracks, performance sound, audio tours and new media. MorrowSound can capture events in
3D and also blow-up 2D recordings of any age and format. To learn more about MorrowSound, please visit their
website, www.cmorrow.com or explore their latest project. If you are interested in MorrowSound’s services, please
contact info@cmorrow.com.
Auxiliary Exhibitions
“Inuit Ullumi: Inuit Today” Contemporary Art from TD Bank Group’s Inuit Collection
October 25, 2012 - March 15, 2012
Embassy of Canada, 501 Pennsylvania Avenu, NW, WAshington, DC 20001
Monday-Friday 9am-5pm, Saturday 10am-3pm
For more information call 202-682-1740
“Inuit Images: Prints from the Canadian Arctic.”
A special exhibition to coincide with the 2012 Smithsonian Inuit Studies Conference. Prints from communities:
Cape Dorset, Pangnirtung, Baker Lake, Iglooli, Holman
Woodrow Wilson Center, Canada Institute, Washington, DC
Collections
An Overview of Smithsonian Institution Collections
| 157
Smithsonian Collections
An Overview of the Smithsonian Institution Collections
Collections Overview
The Smithsonian’s collections represent our nation’s rich heritage and art from across the globe, and the immense
diversity of the natural and cultural world. There are over 137 million artifacts, works of art and specimens in the
Collections Tours
As part of the 18th Inuit Studies Conference Program we are offering tours to the Smithsonian collection centers, the
National Museum of Natural History’s Museum Support Center (MSC), the National Museum of American Indian’s
Cultural Resource Center (CRC) and the National Anthropological Archives.
Smithsonian’s collections. Two Smithsonian museums hold significant northern anthropological collections: the
National Museum of Natural History (in its Anthropology Department) and the National Museum of the American
Indian.
National Museum of Natural
History Museum Support
Center (MSC) Tours:
10:30PM - 12:30PM
National Museum of the
American Indian Cultural
Resource Center (CRC) Tours: 2:30PM - 4:30PM
10:30PM to 12:30PM
2:30PM to 4:30PM
Thursday, October 25, 2012
With such vast collections the Smithsonian has expanded to a number of off-the-Mall facilities -- The Museum Support
Center (MSC) in Suitland, Maryland houses the collections of the National Museum of Natural History, and is also the
Live Consultations at MSC:
Thursday, October 25, 2012
Friday, October 26, 2012
location of the National Anthropological Archives. The Cultural Resource Center (CRC), also in Suitland, houses the
collections of the National Museum of the American Indian. Conference attendees are invited to participate in tours of
The Smithsonian’s northern anthropological collections include nearly 100,000 ethnological artifacts, over 1,300 works
of modern and contemporary arts, and over 500,000 archaeological artifacts. Coupled with an unbroken tradition
of ethnographic, archaeological and physical anthropological research, these collections provide unparalleled
opportunities for research and education. Ethnological, contemporary arts, and archaeological collections provide data
for studying such topics as the history of arctic peoples, the development of hunting practices, prehistoric exchange
systems and evolution of art. In addition to collections, The National Anthropological Archives holds unpublished
material from arctic researchers and many archival photographs, documenting traditional lifeways. Arctic Studies
Center and Native scholars have found the archives a wonderful resource for research and for working with modern
northern peoples to ensure cultural survival.
The National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center also contains manuscripts, photographs, and films
**Tours are open to registered conference attendees.
Transportation and Directions
A bus service will accommodate collection tours of our off-site facilities. The buses will stop in front of the National
Museum of Natural History mall-side entrance. You must RSVP for collection tours, upon registration, a ticket will be
provided to board the bus. Space is limited.
Important Information/FAQs
•
We do not advise conference participants to travel to Suitland via public transportation due to the potentially unsafe
•
Parking will not be available during conference tour dates, if you are interested in visiting collections before or after
•
Collections
Collections
the collections, though space is limited and reservations are on a first-come basis.
areas surrounding the facilities.
the tour dates please mention parking in your discussion with off-site facility coordinators (contacts above).
Cameras are welcome but will need to be signed in at security stations upon entering off-site facilities
regarding Inuit peoples that document daily life, traditional culture, and ethnographic explorations among various
arctic communities. These collections complement the museum’s artifacts by often providing detailed information
about collectors. More importantly, these archival materials offer additional untapped resources for research by Native
scholars and community members.
Further, through the generous support of the Recovering Voices Initiative the conference committee is proud to include
live consultations of our MSC collections. Yup’ik consultant Chuna McIntyre along with Landis Smith, Collections
Specialist, will discuss the MSC collections.
Research Visits:
To make future research visits please contact or visit the following
National Museum of the American Indian object collections and Archive Center:
NMAIcollections@si.edu
http://nmai.si.edu/explore/collections/crc/
Department of Anthropology’s collections held at the Museum Support Center:
http://anthropology.si.edu/index.html
Stephen Loring opens cabinets at the Museum Support Center.
Abraham Anghik Ruben exploring Smithsonian Institution collections.
http://anthropology.si.edu/cm/visitor_policy.htm
National Anthropological Archives:
https://www.mnh.si.edu/secure/anthroforms/archives_request.cfm
| 159
About Washington DC
About Washington DC
Smithsonian Museums
The Kennedy Center
The Smithsonian Institution—the world’s largest museum and research complex—includes 19 museums and galleries
Located on 17 acres overlooking the Potomac River in Washington, D.C., The Kennedy Center is America’s living
Museums & Monuments
http://www.si.edu
http://www.kennedy-center.org
and the National Zoological Park. Most Smithsonian museums and the National Zoo are free and open every day of the
memorial to President Kennedy as well as the nation’s busiest arts facilities. Various world renowned performing arts
The U.S. Capitol Building
Research
year except December 25.
http://www.visitthecapitol.gov/visit
The United States Capitol is a monument, a working office building, and one of the most recognizable symbols of
representative democracy in the world.
are featured at the Center year round.
Smithsonian Institution Libraries
http://www.sil.si.edu/Libraries.cfm
With its 20 libraries the Readers’ Services division of the Smithsonian Institution Libraries plays an essential role at
The White House
the Institution. The combined collections include approximately 1.5 million volumes with 40,000 rare books, and have
Public tours of the White House are available. Requests must be submitted through one’s Member of Congress. If you
who to contact for access please visit: http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/tours-and-events
wish to visit the White House and are a citizen of a foreign country, please contact your embassy in Washington, DC for
assistance in submitting a tour request.
Monuments & Memorials
http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/wash/sitelist.htm
There are a number of memorials and monuments in Washington DC.
Jefferson Patterson Park & Museum
http://www.jefpat.org
Jefferson Patterson Park is a unique, historic region featuring 70 identified archaeological sites within an hour drive from
especially strong holdings in most of the Institution’s historical disciplines. For more information about each library and
Library Of Congress
http://www.loc.gov/index.html
The Library of Congress is the nation’s oldest federal cultural institution and serves as the research arm of Congress.
National Archives
http://www.archives.gov/nae/visit/reserved-visits.html
The National Archives was established in 1934 by President Franklin Roosevelt, but its major holdings date back to 1775.
Admission is always free.
the conference venue near Washington, D.C. It covers over 560 scenic acres along the Patuxent River in Calvert County,
Getting Around
Mount Vernon
http://www.wmata.com/rail/maps/map.cfm
The Mount Vernon estate includes a museum, the tombs of George and Martha Washington, Washington’s greenhouse,
surrounding suburbs in Maryland and Virginia.
Maryland.
Metro
http://www.mountvernon.org
The main Washington, DC transportation system, the Metro, provides service throughout Washington DC and to
an outdoor exhibit devoted to American agriculture as practiced by Washington, the nation’s most important memorial
Bikeshare
to the accomplishments of 18th-century slaves, and collection of numerous decorative and domestic artifacts. Matthew Alexander Henson Grave
http://matthewhenson.com/arlington.htm
Most famous for being a part of Peary’s 1909 expedition which claimed to be the first to reach the Geographic North Pole,
Matthew Henson was reinterred in Arlington Cemetery in 1988 near a monument dedicated to the Peary explorations.
Old Post Office Tower
About
Washington DC
About
Washington DC
Arts & Entertainment
http://www.capitalbikeshare.com
Bikes are available for rent through BikeShare.
Closest Bikeshare Stations to the Conference Venue:
10th St & Constitution Ave NW
USDA / 12th & Independence Ave SW
L’Enfant Plaza / 7th & C St SW
http://www.nps.gov/opot/index.htm
The Old Post Office Tower soars to 315 feet, making it third in height among the buildings of the Nation’s Capital. Here
also are the century old tower clock and the Bells of Congress.
| 161
Smithsonian Mall Area Restaurants & Cafés
Performers and Demonstrations
Around Ripley Center
The Paulatuk Moonlight Dancers are traditional Inuvialuit dancers. Ninety percent of the dancers consist of youth and
8:30AM - 5:30PM daily
dance. There are over 70 freestyle and motion dances with Inuvialuit stories and history; they are explained during the
*Conference participants will receive a discount at selected Smithsonian Stores with your conference badge
Castle Café (beside Ripley Center)
Specialty sandwiches, soups, pastries, organic salads, wraps, panini sandwiches, antipasti, organic coffee, espresso/
cappuccino bar, teas, bottled beverages, beer, wine, and premium ice cream.
Food Trucks Corner
7th St. & Maryland Ave SW
A variety of popular food trucks are stationed a few minute’s walk from the Ripley Center between the hours
of 11:00am-1:00pm.
Around National Museum of Natural History
In the National Museum of Natural History
Atrium Café
11:00am – 3:00pm
10:00am – 5:00pm
children making this the youngest Group in the Western Arctic. All members regardless of age can sing, drum and
performance.
The Group was formed in 1995 and has performed in the Western Arctic, Point Barrow (Alaska), Arctic Winter Games
(Nuuk, Greenland) and the Canadian Pavilion at Expo 2000 (Hannover, Germany). Recently, they performed and
welcomed the Royal Visitors, Prince William and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, in Yellowknife July 2011.
The Group is always in training, learning new and old songs as well as choreographing new dances to old songs. The
teaching comes from elders and other Inuvialuit who have been involved with, or is a member of other Inuvialuit
Drummers and Dancers groups in the region.
The lead singer is Michael (Nolan) Green, just 24 years old. He was 10 years old when a video on drum dancing inspired
him to make drums out of cardboard and use sticks. Soon he had a following of youth who would learn the songs and
dances and declared, “We don’t do drugs, we don’t do alcohol, we do drum dancing!” Nolan single-handedly revived
drum dancing in Paulatuk. In 2002, he was nominated by the Inuvialuit Regional Corporation and received a Canada
Youth Award from Canadian Heritage in recognition of his contribution.
Café Natural
11:00am – 5:00pm
Concessions
11:00am – 5:00pm
Around NMAI
Wednesday October 24, 2012
Sunday, October 28, 2012
Reception, NMAI Potomac Gallery
NMAI Potomac Gallery
The Kennedy Center for Performing Arts
Inuit Studies Conference Opening
Inuit Studies Conference Banquet,
Mitsitam Café http://www.mitsitamcafe.com/content/menus.asp
Open Daily 11 am-5 pm
Mitsitam Espresso Bar
Open Daily 9 am-5 pm
Inuit Studies Conference Banquet,
NMAI Potomac Gallery
The Mitsitam Native Foods Cafe features indigenous food from the Western Hemisphere. Each menu reflects the food
and cooking techniques from the region featured. Menus are changed with each season to reflect the bounties of that area. Millennium Stage, 6:00pm
Yup’ik Sewing Demonstration, Potomac Atrium, NMAI
Sunday October 28, 2012, 1:00pm-3:00pm
Join anthropologist Ann Fienup-Riordan with sewing specialists Martina John, Ruth Jimmie, Elsie Tommy and
National Air and Space Museum
Albertina Dull as they demonstrate sewing techniques.
10:00AM to 5:00PM daily.
9 children. In 1964 they moved to the new village of Toksook Bay where she lives today. She is an expert seamstress and
Hamburgers, French fries, chicken, pizza, salad, milk, sodas, shakes and desserts.
Ruth Jimmie was also born and raised in Umkumiut on Nelson Island and moved to Toksook in 1964. She worked for the
(Upper Level, Enter from Food Court)
Elsie Tommy was born and raised on Nelson Island. Today she lives with her grown children in Newtok, just north of
Food Court (First Floor-East Wing)
Martina John was born and raised in Umkumiut on Nelson Island. She is married to Paul John and together they have
McDonald’s, Boston Market, and Donato’s Pizza
continues to sew boots, parkas, hats, and qasperet (cloth parkas) for her family and friends.
McDonald’s and McCafé
Nelson Island School and has one son, Paul. She is Martina John’s sister, in the Yup’ik way, as their mothers were sisters.
10:00AM to 5:00PM daily.
Nelson Island. She is an outstanding seamstress and a very knowledgable and eloquent orator. Her stories are legendary.
OTHER
Albertina Dull is in her 90s and the oldest person living today in Umkumiut on Nelson Island. She grew up living a
10:00AM to 5:00PM. Weather permitting.
taught her with the younger generation.
Outdoor Kiosks and Carts
Performers
About
Washington DC
Fossil Café
Inuvialuit Drummers and Dancers: Paulatuk Moonlight Drummers and Dancers
traditional semi-nomadic lifestyle. Today she lives with her grown daughters and continues to share what the years have
Restaurants off the mall can be found on Pennsylvania Avenue, 12th, 9th and several other streets north of Constitution
Avenue including Paul’s Bakery & Café, Teaism, Ollie’s Trolley, Elephant & Castle, Fogo de Chao and Potbelly’s.
| 163
Participants Index
Guelph | Canada | 37, 125
Alasuak, Tiili | Tiili.alasuak@kativik.qc.ca | Ikaarvik School |
Brandy, Eliza | emb820@mun.ca | Memorial University |
Alooloo, Jayko | htopond@qiniq.com | Inuit Elder Canada |
Bravo, Michael | mb124@cam.ac.uk | Scott Polar Research
Andersen, Harriet | harriet_andersen@nunatsiavut.com |
Broadbent, Noel | broadben@si.edu | Arctic Studies Center,
Anderson, Douglas | Douglas_Anderson@Brown.edu | Brown
Bronshtein, Mikhail | bronmi@list.ru | State Museum of
Anderson, Wanni | Wanni_Anderson@Brown.edu | Brown
Brower, Lewis | North Slope Borough Department of Search
Andreasen, Ann | anneandrea24@yahoo.dk | The Children’s
Burch, Judith Varney | judithvarneyburch@gmail.com | Research
Canada | 44, 54
42,54
Torngâsok Cultural Centre Canada | 46, 68, 151
University | USA | 54
University | USA | 48, 54
Home in Uummannaq | Greenland | 42, 55
Angnaboogok, Vernae | voangnaboogok@alaska.edu | Kawerak
Daniel, Raychelle | Pew Environmental Group | USA | 37, 133
Darwent, John | jajdarwent@gmail.com University of
Laval | Canada | 76
Fay, Amelia | aemfay@mun.ca | Memorial University Canada |
University of Toronto | Canada | 38
Felt, Lawrence | lfelt@mun.ca | Memorial University Canada |
University | Canada | 51, 70
Fienup-Riordan, Ann | riordan@alaska.net | Calista Elders
Ottawa | Canada | 37, 70, 105, 133
Fitzhugh, William | W. fitzhugh@si.edu | Arctic Studies Center,
of Greenland | Greenland | 44, 71
Fleming, Laura | flemingla@si.edu | Arctic Studies Center,
University | Canada | 90
Fowler, Elizabeth | lizfowler@theedge.ca | Curriculum
Research Center | USA | 44, 71
Friesen, Max | University of Toronto | Canada | 93
Institute | UK | 39, 56, 62
Davidson, Adrienne | adrienne.davidson@mail.utoronto.ca |
Smithsonian Institution | USA | 34, 62
Davies, Michelle | michelle.t.davies@gmail.com | Memorial
Oriental Art | Russia | 48, 63
Dawson, Jackie | jackie.dawson@uottawa.ca | University of
and Rescue | USA | 74
Denbæk, Judithe | jude@slm.uni.gl | Ilisimatusarfik/University
collaborator, Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian Institution |
USA | 6, 49, 63
Desjardins, Sean | sean.desjardins@mail.mcgill.ca | McGill
Byam, Amélie | amelie_byam@carleton.ca | Carleton University
Dolitsky, Alexander B. | adolitsky@gci.net | Alaska-Siberia
Canada | 55
Calabretta, Fred | fred.calabretta@mysticseaport.org | MYSTIC
Dolyniuk, Maureen | mdolyniuk@chc.gov.mb.ca | Archives of
Anichenko, Jenya | janichenko@anchoragemuseum.org |
Anchorage Museum and the Center for Maritime Archaeology,
University of Southampton | USA | 36, 56
SEAPORT: The Museum of America and the Sea | USA | 35, 63
Carpenter, Jason | jason.carpenter@arcticcollege.ca | Nunavut
Arctic College | Canada | 33, 43, 112, 127
Annahatak, Betsy | Betsy.Annahatak@kativik.qc.ca | Canada |
Cassady, Joslyn | jcassady@drew.edu | Drew University | USA |
Aporta, Claudio | claudio_aporta@carleton.ca | Carleton
Cater, Tara | tara.cater@mun.ca | Department of Geography,
Appelt, Martin | martin.appelt@natmus.dk | SILA - Arctic Centre
Cavell, Janice | Janice.Cavell@international.gc.ca | Department of
30, 38
University | Canada | 34, 39, 56, 62
at the Ethnographic Collections, National Museum of Denmark
Denmark | 33, 52, 56
Arendt, Beatrix | barendt@johnmilnerassociates.com | John Milner
Associates, Inc. | USA | 51, 57
Arnold, Charles | arnold.charles199@gmail.com | University of
Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada | 64
Foreign Affairs and International Trade | Canada | 35, 65
Chambers, Cynthia | chambers@uleth.ca | University of
Lethbridge Canada | 35, 101
Chan, Amy E. | ChanA@si.edu, Amy.E.Chan@asu.edu | Arctic
Studies Center, Smithsonian Institution, Arizona State
University | USA | 48, 49, 65
Arnaquq, Naullaq | Government of Nunavut | Canada |38,
Chartier, Daniel | chartier.daniel@uqam.ca | Université du
Baltruschat, Doris | doris.baltruschat@ubc.ca | University of
Chhabra, Deepak | Deepak.Chhabra@asu.edu | Arizona State
149
British Columbia | Canada | 33
Balzer, Marjorie Mandelstam | balzerm@georgetown.edu |
Georgetown University | USA | 36, 57
Beebe, Laura | Sterling College | lbeebe@sterlingcollege.edu | 47, 58
Bender, Cori | coribender81@gmail.com | University of Alaska
Fairbanks | USA | 58
Berge, Anna | amberge@alaska.edu | Alaska Native Language
Center | USA | 47, 48, 58
Berger, Paul | rpberger@lakeheadu.ca | Lakehead University |
Canada | 44, 59, 92
Bjorklund, Ivar | ivar.bjorklund@uit.no | The University
Québec à Montréal | Canada | 47, 66, 130
Christensen, Suna | sunac@ruc.dk | Roskilde University |
Denmark | 46, 66
Christie, Elizabeth | liz_christie@carleton.ca | Carleton
Cloud, John | John.Cloud@noaa.gov | National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Central Library | USA |
34, 67
Collignon, Beatrice | beatrice.collignon@univ-paris1.fr |
France | 30, 40, 60, 61
Boraas, Allan co-author with Catherine Knott | IFASB@kpc.
alaska.edu | Professor of Anthropology Kenai Peninsula College
Soldotna, Alaska | 40, 61
Boyd Ryan, Leslie | lboydryan@dorsetfinearts.com | Dorset Fine
Arts | Canada | 49, 50, 135
Douglas, Anne S. | asdouglas@bell.net | Independent Researcher
Témiscamingue (UQAT) | Canada | 44
Frederiksen, Katti | kfre@nanoq.gl | Oqaasileriffik | Greenland
48
Fugmann, Gerlis | gerlis.fugmann@usask.ca | University of
Ganley, Matthew | mganley@beringstraits.com | Bering Straits
Native Corporation | USA | 34, 81
d’administration publique | Canada | 47, 81
Geography and Anthropology Lakehead University | 37, 73
Gauthier, Yves | Institut national de la recherche scientifique-
Fairbanks | USA | 74
Gearheard, Shari | shari.gearheard@nsidc.org | University
National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado |
USA | 41, 74
Geller, Peter | Peter.Geller@ufv.ca | University of the Fraser
University Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense | France | 50, 51, 74
Gérin-Lajoie, José | jose.gerin-lajoie@uqtr.ca | Université du
Dowsley, Martha | mdowsley@lakeheadu.ca | Departments of
Drozda, Robert | rmdrozda@alaska.edu | University of Alaska
Druckenmiller, Matthew | L. druckenmiller@nsidc.org |
Duchemin-Pelletier, Florence | duchemin.florence@wanadoo.fr |
Dunning, Norma | dunningl@ualberta.ca | University of Alberta
Concordia University | Canada | 68, 151
ETE | Canada | 83
of Colorado at Boulder, National Snow and Ice Data Center |
Canada | 23, 27, 82, 128
Valley | Canada | 20, 26, 49, 50, 82
Québec à Trois-Rivières | Canada | 83
| Canada | 47, 74
Gero, Joan | jgero@american.edu | American University | USA | 6
of British Columbia | Canada | 42, 44, 75
Goldring, Philip | pgoldring@gmail.com | Philip Goldring and
Dutheil, April | april.diamond.dutheil@hotmail.com | University
Dyky, Arthur S. | Geological Survey of Canada | Canada |89,
137
Easton, Penelope S. | peaston23@gmail.com | Professor Emerita,
Florida International University | USA | 45, 76
153
Elias, Albert | ajmelias@hotmail.com | Inuvialuit Settlement
Region | 76
Nunavut | Canada | 76
Enuaraq, Susan | susan.enuaraq@arcticcollege.ca | Nunavut
Silveira, Yvonne | Université du Québec en Abitibi-
Development Consultant –Nunavut | Canada | 45, 80
Gatbonton, Elizabeth | beth.gatbonton@education.concordia.ca |
Cummings, Erin | Anthropology candidate, 2013 Carleton University
da
Smithsonian Institution | Canada | 7
Canada | 52, 73
Engelstad, Bernadette Driscoll | bengelstad@aol.com |
63
Smithsonian Institution | USA | 6, 30, 34, 40, 51, 80
Garakani, Tatiana | tatiana.garakani@enap.ca | École nationale
Cowall, E. Emily, S. | emilycowall@gmail.com | Department of
Anthropology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON | Canada
45, 68
Council | USA | 41, 79, 163
University of Ottawa, Government of Nunavut | Canada | 30,
47, 96
Doucette Issaluk, Michelle | mmdoucet@lakeheadu.ca |
Elias, Edna | nunavutcommissioner@gov.nu.ca | Commissioner of
Collins, J. | University of Colorado, Boulder | USA | 128
39, 78
Saskatchewan | Canada | 30, 39, 46, 81
Canada | 51, 68
University | Denmark | 43, 60
51, 78
CIÉRA, Universite Laval | Canada | 38, 42, 72, 73
Edge, Victoria | University of Guelph | Canada | 45, 108, 152,
Collins, Andrew | dac762@mun.ca | Memorial University |
Blangy, Sylvie | sblangy@gmail.com | CNRS/CEFE Montpellier
Dorais, Louis-Jacques | louis-jacques.dorais@ant.ulaval.ca |
University Paris Epistémologie et Histoire de la géographie.
Secondary Research group: GDR 3062 Mutations Polaires (CNRS)
| France | 34, 67, 98
Museum of Tromso | Norway | 60
Bjørst, Lill Rastad | lillrastadbj@gmail.com | Aalborg
Manitoba | Canada | 26, 49, 72
USA | 39, 78
Gilchrist, Grant | Environment Canada | Canada | 43, 127
Associates | Canada | 35, 83
Golovko, Evgeny | evggolovko@yandex.ru | Russian Academy of
Sciences | Russia | 34, 48, 84
Gordon, Heather | munkfest@gmail.com | University of
Wisconsin-Madison | USA | 42, 84, 128
Graburn, Nelson | graburn@berkeley.edu | University of
California Berkeley | USA | 30, 39, 84, 131
Graci, Sonya | sgraci@ryerson.ca | Ryerson University | Canada
37, 84
Grenoble, Lenore | grenoble@uchicago.edu | University of
Chicago | USA | 43, 152
Research Collaborator, Arctic Studies Center, Smithsonian
Institution | USA | 6, 35, 49, 155
Grønnow, Bjarne | bjarne.gronnow@natmus.dk | SILA - Arctic
Arctic College | Canada | 47, 77
Grove, Arnaq | grove@hum.ku.dk | University of Copenhagen |
Epoo, Brenda | Nordic School of Public Health | 46, 77
Index
Calgary | Canada | 36, 57, 76
39, 64
Program) | Canada | 42, 78
Fabbi, Nadine C. | nfabbi@uw.edu | University of Washington
Daveluy, Michelle | Michelle.Daveluy@ant.ulaval.ca | Université
Canada | 63
Ewins, Peter | pewins@wwfcanada.org | WWF-Canada (Arctic
California-Davis | USA | 52, 69
Canada | 51, 62
and Univ. of Alaska Fairbanks | USA | 130, 131
Angnatsiak, David | kinguk_servicesdpa@yahoo.ca | Inuit Hunter
Index
Bradshaw, Benjamin | bbradsha@uoguelph.ca | University of
Centre at the Ethnographic Collections, National Museum of
Denmark | Denmark | 30, 51, 52, 85
Denmark | 48, 85, 86
Gulløv, Hans Christian | hans.christian.gulloev@natmus.dk |
| 165
National Museum of Denmark | Denmark | 34, 86
Jakobsen, Uffe | ufja@uni.gl | Ilisimatusarfik/University of
Lalonde, Christine | clalonde@gallery.ca | National Gallery of
Museum | USA | 42, 86
Jararuse, Suzanna | suzanna_jararuse@nunatsiavut.com |
Lamarre, Jean-François |
USA | 37, 87
Jaypoody, Mike | mjaypoody@gmail.com | Ittaq Heritage and
Slope Borough School Dist | USA | 30, 46, 87, 91
Jensen, Jens Fog | jens.fog.jensen@natmus.dk | SILA - Arctic
Haakanson, Jr., Sven | sven@alutiiqmuseum.org | Alutiiq
Hallendy, Norman | tukilik@rogers.com | Tukilik Foundation |
Harcharek, Jana Pausauraq | jana.harcharek@nsbsd.org | North
Hardenberg, Julie Edel | julie@hardenberg.dk | artist,
photographer, and author | Denmark | 33, 52, 87
Hardenberg, Mari | mari@hardenberg.dk | University of
Copenhagen and Sila, The National Museum of Denmark |
Denmark | 52, 87
Harder, Miriam T. | McGill University | Canada | 47, 88
Harms, Jane | University of Saskatchewan | Canada | 43, 127
Harper, Kenn | kennh@sympatico.ca | Independent Scholar
Canada | 28, 34, 35, 88
Harper, Sherilee | University of Guelph | 45, 89, 109, 152, 153
Hastrup, Kirsten | Kirsten.Hastrup@anthro.ku.dk | University of
Copenhagen | Denmark | 34, 89
Hayes, Amos | ahayes@gcrc.carleton.ca, amos_hayes@carleton.ca
Carleton University | Canada | 44, 90
Hazell, Sarah | sarah.hazell@alaska.gov | Alaska Dept. of Fish
and Game- Division of Subsistence | USA | 37, 90
Hervé, Caroline | aruc-leadership@ciera.ulaval.ca | CURA Inuit
Leadership and Governance coordinator | Canada | 91
Heyes, Scott | Scott.heyes@canberra.edu.au | University of
Canberra | Australia | 34, 91
Torngâsok Cultural Centre | Canada | 68, 151
Research Centre | Canada | 23, 27, 38, 82, 97
Centre at the Ethnographic Collections, National Museum of
Denmark | Denmark | 30, 52, 85
Jeremiassen, Axel | axje@ks.uni.gl | Ilisimatusarfik/University
Johnson, Noor | noor.johnson@mail.mcgill.ca | McGill
Johnston, Margaret | mejohnst@lakeheadu.ca | Lakehead
Johnston, Patricia | patriciajohnston@live.ca | University of
British Columbia | Canada | 44, 98
Joliet, Fabienne | fabienne.joliet@agrocampus-ouest.fr | National
Institute for Horticulture and Landscape, Angers | France | 39, 98
Jones, Rebecca | Independent Researcher | Canada | 44, 59
Southeast | USA | 34, 91
Kaplan, Susan A. | skaplan@bowdoin.edu | Bowdoin College |
Education Policy Research | USA | 46, 92
King, Jonathan | jchk4@cam.ac.uk | University of Cambridge |
Ontario | Canada | 36, 92
Konek, Curtis | coolyuaq@hotmail.com | Nanisiniq Arviat
Alaska Department of Fish and Game | USA | 37, 43, 90, 92
Konek, Jordan | Jordankonek_12@hotmail.com | Nanisiniq Arviat
Center | USA | 34, 93
Koperqualuk, Lisa | 30, 38
Holen, Davin | davin.holen@alaska.gov | Division of Subsistence,
Holton, Gary | gmholton@alaska.edu | Alaska Native Language
Houston, John | john@johnhouston.ca | Drumsong
Communications Inc. | 24
Howse, Lesley | lesley.howse@utoronto.ca | University of Toronto
Canada | 52, 93
Hudson, Anna | ahudson@yorku.ca | York University | Canada
30, 37, 38, 50, 94
Hund, Andrew | andrew.hund@case.edu | Umeå University
Sweden |45, 94
Jack, Roben | arctic@wou.edu | Inupiaq from Nome, Alaska;
Western Oregon | University | USA | 37, 96
Jacobs, Peter | Université de Montréal | Canada | 34, 91
Marquardt, Ole | olma@ks.uni.gl | Ilisimatusarfik/University of
Université Laval | Canada | 36, 38, 104
Martin, Keavy | keavy@ualberta.ca | University of Alberta
Martin, Thibault | thibault.martin@uqo.ca | Université du
Lemoine, Genevieve | Bowdoin College | 52
Research | USA | 46, 92
Hodgetts, Lisa | lisa.hodgetts@uwo.ca | University of Western
Research | Sweden | 41, 104
USA |
| Canada | 48, 97
Museum of Denmark | 47, 48, 58
Language Center | USA | 47, 48, 58
USA | 30, 49, 99
UK | 30, 35, 99
History Project | Canada | 42
Canada | 27, 49, 109
Marr, Lauren | marrl@si.edu | Arctic Studies Center,
Lemelin, Harvey | harvey.lemelin@lakeheadu.ca | Lakehead
Johns, Alana | ajohns@chass.utoronto.ca | University of Toronto
MacRae, Ian | imacrae@wlu.ca | Wilfrid Laurier University |
Student Support Program | Canada | 46
| Canada | 36, 106
John, Mark | mjohn@calistacorp.com | Calista Elders Council
IÒupiaq History, Language, and Culture Commission |
USA |
Maheux, Gisèle | Gisele.maheux@uqat.ca | Université du Québec
of Culture, Recreation and Tourism, Nunatsiavut, Newfoundland en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT) | Canada | 44, 132
and Labrador | Canada | 39, 102
Manrique, Eliana | Eliana.Manrique@kativik.qc.ca | Kativik
School Board | Canada | 44, 110
Lane, Jodie | jodie_lane@nunatsiavut.com | Post-Secondary
Laugrand, Frédéric | Frederic.Laugrand@ant.ulaval.ca | CIÉRA,
Joe, Mervin | Parks Canada Agency, Western Arctic Field Unit
MacLean, Edna | edna.maclean@gmail.com | North Slope
Lampe, Johannes | johannes.lampe@nunatsiavut.com | Minister
and CIÉRA, Université Laval | Canada | 38, 124
Jérôme, Laurent | ljerome@mcq.org | Musée de la civilisation
Kaplan, Lawrence | ldkaplan@alaska.edu | Alaska Native
Hirshberg, Diane | dbhirshberg@alaska.edu | UAA Ctr for Alaska
British Columbia | Canada | 40
Lantto, Patrik | patrik.lantto@cesam.umu.se | Centre for Sami
Makitagunarningit | Canada | 39, 91
Hill, Erica | erica.hill@uas.alaska.edu | University of Alaska
Lambert, Drummond | dejlamber@gmail.com | University of
of Greenland | Greenland | 39, 97
Joergensen, Anne | anne.mette.joergensen@natmus.dk | National
Hill, Alexandra | UAA Ctr for Alaska Education Policy
Canada | Canada | 50, 102
Smithsonian Institution | USA | 7
Greenland | Denmark | 34
Canada | 30, 47, 110
Québec en Outaoauais | Canada | 39, 111, 137
Lemus-Lauzon, Isabel | isabel.lemus-lauzon.1@ulaval.ca |
Martin, Zoya A. | Zoya.Martin@dfo-mpo.gc.ca | Fisheries and
Leonard, Stephen Pax | spl42@cam.ac.uk | University of
Mason, Aldene H. Meis | aldene.meismason@uregina.ca |
Lesk, Ann | alaskaonmadison@gmail.com | Alaska on Madison |
Mathiassen, Ivalu I. | ivma@slm.uni.gl | Ilisimatusarfik/
Lévesque, Esther | esther.levesque@uqtr.ca | Université du
McEwan, Michelle L | Nunavut Arctic College | Canada | 43,
Lévesque, Francis | francis.levesque.2@ulaval.ca | Université
McGregor, Cathy | cmcgregor@gov.nu.ca | Government of
L’Hérault, Vincent | vincent.lherault@uqar.qc.ca | Universitè du
McGregor, Heather E. | heather.e.mcgregor@gmail.com |
Lim, Tee Wern | teewern.lim@gmail.com | University of British
McIntyre, Chuna | Yup’ik Artist, Alaska | USA | 51, 158
Université Laval | Canada | 43, 105, 106
Cambridge | UK | 39, 105
USA |
Québec à Trois-Rivières | Canada | 83
Laval | Canada | 76
Québec en Rimouski | Canada | 43, 106
Oceans Canada | Canada | 43, 111
University of Regina | Canada | 41, 112
University of Greenland | Greenland | 34, 48, 112
112, 127
Nunavut | Canada | 45, 113
University of British Columbia | Canada | 45, 113
Columbia | Canada | 40
McLain, Allison Young | mclainconsulting@gci.net | McLain
Fairbanks | Canada | 39
McLisky, Claire | cmclisky@hum.ku.dk | University of
curator | USA |
McMullen, Dave | Kativik School Board | Canada |
Lincoln, Amber | aalincoln@alaska.edu | University of Alaska
Lipton, Barbara | barblipton@gmail.com | writer, independent
Lister, Kenneth R. | kenl@rom.on.ca | Royal Ontario Museum |
Canada | 35, 30, 108
Heritage Consulting | USA | 52, 113
McNicoll, Paule | Paule.McNicoll@ubc.ca | University of British
Columbia | Canada | 83
Loring, Stephen | lorings@si.edu | Arctic Studies Center,
Metcalf, Vera | VMetcalf@kawerak.org | Eskimo Walrus
Lough, Dave | dave_lough@nunatsiavut.com | Deputy Minister
Milkhailova, Elena A. | elmikh@kunstkamera.ru | Museum of
Lyberth, Aviâja Anna Storch | avly@slm.uni.gl |
Miller, Pamela | Alaska Community Action on Toxics | USA |
Krupnik, Igor | krupniki@si.edu | Arctic Studies Center,
Lynge, Aqqaluk | aqqaluk@inuit.org | Inuit Circumpolar
Milne, S. Brooke | milnes@cc.umanitoba.ca | University of
Krutak, Lars | krutakl@si.edu | National Museum of Natural
Lynge, Aviâja Egede | ael@inerisaavik.gl | Inerisaavik, Univ of
Mitchell, Sue | sue.mitchell@alaska.edu | University of Alaska
Kudlak, Emily | Inuvialuit Cultural Resource Centre | Canada
MacDonald, Joanna Petrasek | joanna.petrasekmacdonald@mail.
Møller, Helle | hmoeller@lakeheadu.ca | Lakehead University |
MacDonald, Martha | martha.macdonald@mun.ca | Labrador
Montgomery-Andersen, Ruth | rumo@uni.gl | PhD Scholar
History Project | Canada | 42
Kral, Michael | mkral@illinois.edu | University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign | USA | 42, 43, 100
Kruemmel, Eva | Inuit Circumpolar Council-Canada | Canada | 98
Smithsonian Institution | USA | 7, 33, 34, 40, 100
History, Smithsonian Institution | USA | 36, 37, 101
Kulchyski, Peter | kulchysk@cc.umanitoba.ca | University of
Manitoba | Canada |
Kupina, Julia A. | museum@kunstkamera.ru | Museum of
Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS | Russia
Smithsonian Institution | USA | 7, 20, 27, 33, 36, 51, 57
Culture, Recreation and Tourism and Director Torngasok
Cultural Centre Canada | 39, 50, 102
Ilisimatusarfik/University of Greenland | Greenland | 38, 108
Council (ICC) | Greenland | 4, 30, 40, 48, 108, 172
Greenland | Greenland | 46, 120
mcgill.ca | McGill University | Canada | 43, 109
Institute of Memorial University | Canada |
Index
Index
Hicks, Jack | jackooloosie@gmail.com | Nunavummiut
Greenland | Greenland | 33, 39, 97
Commission | USA | 4, 40, 172
Anthropology & Ethnography (Kunstkamera) RAS | Russia |
102
45, 148
Manitoba | Canada | 52, 114
Press | USA |
Canada | 47, 115
at the Nordic School of Public Health Project, Director of the
Inuulluataarneq CBPR Project, Ilisimatusarfik/University of
Greenland | Greenland | 24, 45, 46, 77, 115
| 167
Morin, Francoise | francoise.morin@univ-lyon2.fr | France | 36
Morton, Jamie | jmorton@manitobamuseum.ca | The Manitoba
Museum | Canada | 35, 116
Morrow, Charles | cm@cmorrow.com | True 3D | USA | 115
Arviat History Project | Canada | 42
Parady, Elizabeth Skiles | lisa.parady@nsbsd.org | North Slope
Rasmus, Stacy | smrasmus@alaska.edu | 42, 43
Raymond-Yakoubian, Julie | juliery@kawerak.org | Kawerak
USA | 43, 131
Serreze, Mark | serreze@nsidc.org | NSIDC, University of
Newfoundland | Canada | 52, 151
Shackleton, Ryan | rshackleton@sympatico.ca | CDCI Research
Cultural Institute | Canada | 47, 122
Renouf, M.A.P. | mapr@mun.ca | Memorial University of
Müller-Wille, Ludger | ludger.muller-wille@mcgill.ca | McGill
Patrick, Donna | donna_patrick@carleton.ca | 38
Paul, Véronique | Veronique.paul2@uqat.ca | Université du
Richard, Wilfred | will@wilfrederichard.com | Smithsonian
Paulsen, Naja | napa@ti.uni.gl | Department of Journalism,
Riel-Roberge, Dominique | d.riel-roberge@hotmail.com |
Murasugi, Kumiko | kumiko_murasugi@carleton.ca | Carleton
‘My Word’: Storytelling & Digital Media Lab | USA | 89, 164
Nagy, Murielle | murielle.nagy@fss.ulaval.ca | CIÉRA, Université
Québec en Abitibi-Témiscaminque (UQAT) | Canada | 54, 98
Ilisimatusarfik | Greenland |
Pauloosie, Emma | Nunavut Arctic College | Canada | 44, 59
Canada | 40, 42, 138
Searles, Edmund | esearles@bucknell.edu | Bucknell University
Ready, Elspeth | eready@stanford.edu | Stanford University |
Partridge, Taqralik | taqralikpartridge@gmail.com | Avataq
Scobie, Willow | wscobie@uottawa.ca | University of Ottowa |
Inc. and University of Alaska, Fairbanks | USA | 39, 131
Borough School District | USA | 46, 92, 121
Muir, Adrianna | tamera_bassford@ios.doi.gov | Department of
the Interior | USA |
Arctic Studies Center - Research Collaborator | USA | 42
Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT) |
Canada | 44, 132
USA |42, 138
Colorado | USA | 8, 30
(Canadian Development Consultants International Inc) | Canada
35, 138
Sherkina-Lieber, Marina | marina.lieber@gmail.com | York
Slobodin, Sergei | archaeol@neisri.ru | North East
Interdisciplinary Science Research Institute; Far East Branch \
Russian Academy of Science | Russia | 52, 139
Laval | Canada | 34, 117
Payne, Carol | carol_payne@carleton.ca | Carleton University |
Rigolet Inuit Community | Government Rigolet Inuit
Norway | 38, 117
Pedersen, Birgit Kleist | bipe@slm.uni.gl | Ilisimatusarfik/
Rink, Elizabeth | elizabeth.rink@montana.edu | Montana State
Smith, Janell | Janell.Smith@hotmail.com | Valencia College Lake
Natcher, David | david.natcher@usask.ca | University of
Pedersen, Kennet | kepe@ks.uni.gl | Ilisimatusarfik/University
Ritchie, William B. | writchie@nf.sympatico.ca | Kinngait
Smith, Valene L. | valene@valenesmith.com | California State
Nickels, Scot | nickels@itk.ca | Inuit Qaujisarvingat: The Inuit
Peljhan, Marko | peljhan@mat.ucsb.edu | University of
Nango, Joar | joarnango@gmail.com | Sámi artist and architect |
Nasdor, Marc | True 3D | USA |
Saskatchewan | Canada | 39, 78
Canada | 49, 122
University of Greenland | Greenland | 48, 49, 122
of Greenland | Greenland | 36
Canada | 30, 35, 124
Rodgers, Kathleen | Kathleen.Rodgers@uottawa.ca | University
Stenbaek, Marianne | mariannestenbaek@yahoo.ca | McGill
Laval | Canada |
Rodon, Thierry | thierry.rodon@pol.ulaval.ca | Université Laval
Stewart, Emma | 70
Romain, Sandra | s.romain@utoronto.ca | University of Toronto
Schools | Canada |
Pernet, Fabien | fabien.pernet.1@ulaval.ca | CIÉRA, Université
Torngâsok Cultural Centre | Canada | 68, 151
Peterson, Kelsey | 38, 124
Nweeia, Martin T. | martin_nweeia@hsdm.harvard.edu | Harvard
Nyland, Kelsey E. | knyland@gwmail.gwu.edu | The George
Washington University | USA | 41, 119
Odgaard, Ulla | ulla.odgaard@natmus.dk | Sila - The National
Pokiak, Letitia | lpokiak@hotmail.com | BA Anthropology,
Independent Researcher | 36, 106, 125
Pokiak, Myrna | alappaa@gmail.com | Alappaa Consulting
Inuvialuit | Canada | 36
Poort, Lars | lars.poort@gmail.com | Ilisimatusarfik/
University of Greenland | Greenland | 46, 125
Pratt, Kenneth L. | Kenneth.Pratt@bia.gov | Bureau of Indian
Affairs | USA | 34, 52, 80, 126
Museum of Denmark | Denmark | 51, 52, 119
Pritchard, Brian | bepritchard04@yahoo.ca | Memorial
Arviat History Project | Canada | 42
Provencher, Jennifer | jennifer.provencher@ec.gc.ca | Carleton
Okotak Martha | Martha.Okotala@gmail.com | Nanisiniq
O’Leary, Darlene | dmoleary@upei.ca | University of Prince
Edward Island | Canada | 38, 150
Olsen, Carl Christian | Oqaasileriffik(/Greenland Language
Secertariat/ ICC Greenland |
Olsen, Karl Kristian | kkol@nanoq.gl; ael@inerisaavik.gl |
Goverment of Greenland/Institute of Learning Processes |
Greenland | 46, 92, 120
Oolayou, Sheila | soolayou@ihti.ca | Inuit Heritage Trust |
Canada | 30, 35, 124
Oparin Dmitry | dimaoparin@hotmail.com | Moscow State
University | Russia | 36, 120
O’Rourke, Dennis H. | 129, 142
Orr, Jack | Jack.Orr@dfo-mpo.gc.ca | Department of Fisheries and
Oceans Canada | Canada | 42, 43
Otte, Andreas | otte@hum.ku.dk | University of Copenhagen;
Ilisimatusarfik/University of Greenland | Denmark/Greenland
38, 121
Canada | 37, 133
Society | USA | 37, 133
of Ottowa | Canada | 133
Canada | 38, 134
Canada | 45, 134
Rosing, Augustine | artorrappaat@gmail.com | Community
Outreach Worker, Paamiut | Greenland | 33, 46, 48, 134
Ross, Julie M. | Julie_Ross@golder.com | Golder Associates Ltd |
Canada | 52, 135
Ruben, Abraham Anghik | abraham@inuastudio.com | Artist |
Canada | 30, 50, 51, 155, 159
Rygaard, Jette | jery@slm.uni.gl | Ilisimatusarfik/University of
Greenland | Greenland | 38, 136
Rzhetskaya, M | 129
University | Canada | 43, 46, 127
Sadock, Jerrold | jsadock@uchicago.edu | University of Chicago
Fairbanks | USA | 52, 128
Saladin d’Anglure, Bernard | B.Saladin-d-Anglure@ant.ulaval.ca
Boulder | USA | 43, 98, 128
Saku, James C. | jsaku@frostburg.edu | Frostburg State
USA |
Satterfield, Terre | University of British Columbia | Canada |
Chukotka Multi-Disciplinary College | Russia | 46, 129
Sauvageau, Kathy | Sauk07@uqo.ca | Université du Québec en
Savelle, James | james.savelle@videotron.ca | McGill University |
Copenhagen | Denmark | 130
Schanche, Audhild | audhild.schanche@sametinget.no | Sami
Canada | 51, 130
Schupman, Edwin | schupmane@si.edu | National Museum of
Canada | 130
Schweitzer, Peter | ppschweitzer@alaska.edu; ppschweitzer@alaska.
Pullar, Gordon L. | g.pullar@uaf.edu | University of Alaska
Pulsifer, Peter L. | pulsifer@nsidc.org | University of Colorado,
Qu, Feng | fqu@alaska.edu | University of Alaska Fairbanks |
Radunovich Qurangaawen, Natalya | dareva44@mail.ru
Raff, Jennifer | jenny@northwestern.edu | Northwestern
Raghavan, Maanasa | mraghavan@snm.ku.dk | University of
Rankin, Lisa K. | lrankin@mun.ca | Memorial University
Rankin, Sharon | sharon.rankin@mcgill.ca | McGill University |
Sørensen, Mikkel | miksr@hum.ku.dk | University of
Copenhagen | Denmark | 52
Université Laval | Canada | 43, 141
St. Germain, Brian | bstgermain@rdpsd.ab.ca | Red Deer Public
Stuhl, Andrew | andrew.stuhl@gmail.com | University of
Wisconsin-Madison | USA | 142
Tackney, Justin | justin.tackney@anthro.utah.edu | University of
Utah | USA | 52, 129, 142
Terpstra, Tekke | t.k.terpstra@rug.nl | University of Groningen
The Netherlands | 48, 143
Tester, Frank | Frank.Tester@ubc.ca | University of British
Columbia and University of Manitoba | Canada | 40, 41, 43, 75,
98, 107, 143
Therrien, Michèle | michele.therrien@inalco.fr | INALCO |
France | 38, 144
USA | 33, 136
Thisted-Petersen, Kirsten | thisted@hum.ku.dk | Copenhagen
University of Laval | Canada | 35, 36
Thuesen, Søren | sthuesen@hum.ku.dk | University of
University | USA | 39, 136
Truchon, Marie-Hélène |
39, 136
Outaouais | Canada | 46, 137
University | Denmark | 44, 144
Uitangak, Elisapi | Elisapi.uitangak@kativik.qc.ca | Ikaarvik
School | Canada | 44, 54
Ulturgasheva, Olga | ou202@hermes.cam.ac.uk | 42, 43
Vakhtin, Nikolai B. | nvakhtin@gmail.com | European
University in St. Petersburg | Russia | 34, 147
Canada | 90, 137
Vakhrushev, Aleksei | avakh@yahoo.com | ICC Chukotka
Parliament, Norway | Norway | 39
Vanast, Walter | wvanast@videotron.ca | McGill University | 36,
the American Indian | USA |
Dam, K.I.M. | k.i.m.van.dam@rug.nl | University of
Groningen | The Netherlands | 147
edu | University of Alaska Fairbanks | USA | 34, 137
Index
School of Dental Medicine, Department of Vertebrate Zoology,
Smithsonian Institution | USA | 41, 119
Sonne, Birgitte | jbsonne@mail.dk | Denmark | 141
Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue | Canada | 44, 124
Canada | 26, 49, 118
Whaling Capt Assn, Native Village of Savoonga | USA | 41, 119
University Chico | USA | 37, 140
Steelandt, Stéphanie | stephanie.steelandt.1@ulaval.ca |
Peplinski, Lynn | lpeplinski@ihti.ca | Inuit Heritage Trust |
Noongwook, George | gnunguk@hotmail.com | Savoonga
Studios, Cape Dorset West Baffin | Eskimo Co-op | Canada |
30, 132
Nona Medical Campus | USA | 139
Robards, Martin D. | mrobards@wcs.org | Wildlife Conservation
University of Greenland | Greenland | 48, 118
Nochasak, Christine | christine_nochasak@nunatsiavut.com |
University-Bozeman | USA | 84, 132
California Santa Barbara | USA | 44, 123
Pellerin, Glorya | Glorya.Pellerin@uqat.ca | Université du
Nikkel, Kevin | kevin@fivedoorfilms.com | Five Door Films |
Community Government | Canada | 45, 109, 152, 153
Ritsema, Roger | roger.ritsema@gmail.com | University of Ottawa
Knowledge Centre, Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami | Canada | 41, 42,
118, 156
Nielsen, Flemming A. J. | flni@teo.uni.gl | Ilisimatusarfik/
Index
Owingayak, Amy | a_owingayak10@hotmail.com | Nanisiniq
Russia | 23, 27
154
van
| 169
Vorano, Norman | Norman.Vorano@civilisations.ca | Canadian
Dalseg, Sheena Kennedy | skenned5@connect.carleton.ca |
Huemmrich, Karl | karl.f.huemmrich@nasa.gov | University
Plattet, Patrick | University of Alaska Fairbanks | Canada
Wachowich, Nancy | n.wachowich@abdn.ac.uk | University of
Dana, Leo-Paul | University of Canterbury | New Zealand |
Huntington, Henry P. | hph@alaska.net | Huntington
Prastio, Irine | ipa5@sfu.ca | Simon Fraser University, British
Desrosiers, Pierre
Igloliorte, Heather | h_igloliorte@hotmail.com | Concordia
Museum of Civilization | Canada | 50, 148
Aberdeen | UK | 38, 148
Walls, Matthew | matthew.walls@utoronto.ca | University of
Toronto | Canada | 37, 148
Walton, Fiona | fwalton@upei.ca | University of Prince Edward
Island | Canada | 38, 150
Warrior, Claire | cwarrior@rmg.co.uk, clw1005@cam.ac.uk
Derry,Kim | kim@polarfield.com | PFS Canada | USA |
Devinney, Eileen | eileen_devinney@nps.gov | Alaska Region,
of Maryland Baltimore County | USA
Consulting | USA
University | Canada
Pomo, Sharon | kim@polarfield.com | PFS | Canada
Columbia, Canada | Canada
Qalingo, Lucy | lucy.qalingo@kativik.qc.ca | Ikaarvik School,
Puvirnituq | Canada
National Park Service | USA
Innes, Vicki | henkw@quickclic.net
Maine | USA
Irniq, Piita | anaanaga@hotmail.com | former Commissioner of
Rosen, Alena | alena.e.rosen@gmail.com | University of Manitoba
Dorney, Lindsay | dorney@gwi.net | University of Southern
National Maritime Museum; University of Cambridge |
UK | 35, 150
Doucet, Catherine
Canada | 39, 150
Center-NMC | USA |
Inootik, Karen | Nunavut Arctic College | Canada
Nunavut Canada
Rosa, Cheryl | crosa@arctic.gov | US Arctic Research
Commission | USA
Canada
Weber, Barret | barretw@ualberta.ca | University of Alberta
Drake, Carolyn | scdrake42@charter.net | Dennos Museum
Issaluk, Michelle Doucette | mmdoucet@lakeheadu.ca |
Rouvier, Ruth | rouvierr@si.edu | Smithsonian Institution |
Wells, Patty | pwells@mun.ca | Memorial University of
Eames, Patricia | eames001@comcast.net | Independent
Jensen, Anne M.
Ryan, Leslie Boyd | lboydryan@dorsetfinearts.com | Dorset Fine
Wenzel, George W. | wenzel@geog.mcgill.ca | McGill University
Ellett, Carol Ann | carol_ann_ellett@cox.net | USA
Junker, Rozanne | rejunker@gmail.com | Independent
Samson, Ghislain | Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières |
Kadjuk, Jennifer | Nunavut Arctic College | Canada
Schieberl, Irene | schieb@shaw.ca | The Inuit and Indian Art
Newfoundland | Canada | 52, 151
Canada | 47, 88
Wight, Darlene | dwight@wag.ca | Winnipeg Art Gallery
Researcher
Ellsworth, Leanna | lellsworth@inuitcircumpolar.com | Inuit
Circumpolar Council (Canada) |
Canada | 49, 152
Farrell, John | jfarrell@arctic.gov US | Arctic Research
Centre | Canada | 46, 68, 151
Farrow, Kathy | kfarrow@arctic.gov | US Arctic Research
Dartmouth College | USA | 43, 152
Farrow, Wendy | wfarrow@arctic.gov | US Arctic Research
White, Toni | toni_white@nunatsiavut.com | Torngâsok Cultural
Whitecloud, Simone | simone.whitecloud@dartmouth.edu |
Williams, Glenn | gwilliams@tunngavik.com | Canada | 42, 152
Commission | USA
Commission | USA
Commission | USA
Willox, Ashlee Cunsolo | ashlee@uoguelph.ca | University of
Foin, Jeremy | jcfoin@ucdavis.edu | University of California,
Woollett, James | Canada | 51, 105
Gagnon, Catherine-Alexandra
Guelph | Canada | 45, 89, 109, 152, 153
Registrants Index
Barz, Sandra | sbbarz@verizon.net | Arts & Culture of the North
USA
Bazo, Danny
Beecroft, Heather | hbeecroft@sympatico.ca | Beecroft Fine Arts
Canada
Bernier, Monique | Institut national de la recherche
scientifique- ETE | Canada
Bhiry, Najat |
Biddison, Dawn | biddisond@si.edu | Smithsonian Arctic Studies
Davis
Campbell, Chris | chris.campbell@boem.gov | Bureau of Ocean
Energy Management - Alaska Region | USA |
Cary, Henry | Parks Canada Agency, Western Arctic Field
Unit | Canada
Cassell, Mark | mark@territoryheritage.com | Territory Heritage
Cook, Conor | conor.cook@utoronto.ca | Concordia University |
Canada
Crate, Susan A. | scrate1@gmu.edu | George Mason University
USA | 68
Crompton, Amanda | lmhp@mun.ca | Memorial University |
Canada
Kokoris, Moki | Moki@cloud9.net | American Polar Society /
The Arctic Institute Center for Circumpolar Security
Labontè, Danielle | danielle.labonte@aandc-aadnc.gc.ca |
Lange, Hans | hans.lange@natmus.gl | Greenland National
Museum and Archives | USA
Glenn, Patuk | patuk.glenn@north-slope.org | IÒupiat
Lippa, Kathleen | kathleenlippa@gmail.com | Canada
Godtfredse, Konrad | konrad.godtfredsen@gmail.com | National
Marker, Michael | michael.marker@ubc.ca | University of
Canada |
Heritage Center | USA
museum of Denmark | Denmark
Grey, Minnie | Makivik, Nunavik | Canada
Hainnu, Jukeepa | jhainnu@qikiqtani.edu.nu.ca
Haller, Michael | mike.haller@boem.gov | Bureau of Ocean
Energy Management - Alaska Region | USA
Indian Art Group; Inuit Art Society | Canada
Inc. (Public History Consulting)
Heilmann, Beatrine | behe@nanoq.gl | Oqaasileriffik |
Greenland
Heppenstall, Carol | carolheppenstall@me.com | Adventure
Canada | Canada
Hessel, Ingo | ingo@ingohessel.com | Ottawa, Ontario | Canada |
of Greenland | Greenland
Scotland | UK
Lindsley, Barbara | bnlgolf@aol.com | Private Collector | USA
British Columbia | Canada
McCann, H.
Service | USA
Sparling, Philip | zman@med.unc.edu | USA
Tallman, R. F.
Tedor, Randy | mark@territoryheritage.com | Territory Heritage
USA
ten
Bruggencate, Rachel | University of Manitoba | Canada
Tjerino, Karla | Arizona State University | USA
Tommasini, Daniela | dtommasini@iol.it | Roskilde University
Italy
Tremayne, Andrew H. | ahtremayne@ucdavis.edu | University
of California Davis | USA
Trondhjem, Naja Blytmann | trondhjem@hum.ku.dk |
University of Copenhagen | Denmark
Turnipseed, Mary | mary.turnipseed@moore.org | Moore
Nielsen, J. | National Science Foundation-Office of Polar
Tunis, Rosalyn | roslyntunis@comcast.net | Independent
Norwood, Angela | anorwood@yorku.ca | York University |
Van Rosli, Muhhamad Hafiz
Colgate University | USA
Programs | USA
Canada
Odess, Daniel | Daniel_Odess@nps.gov | U.S. National
Park Service | USA
Oh, Leslie | lhsu@post.harvard.edu | Writer/Journalist |
USA
Pannese Rocco | rocco@kiplinggallery.com | Kipling Gallery |
Greenland National Museum & Archives | Greenland
Canada
Hooey, Stephen | stephen.hooey@aandc.gc.ca | Aboriginal
Park, Robert | University of Manitoba | Canada
Hournard, Claire | clairehoumard@yahoo.fr | Université Paris
Pilurtjut, Ulaayu | ulaayu.pilurtuut@kativik.qc.ca | Kativik
Ouest Nanterre | France
Group, Inuit Art Society | Canada
Smythe, Charles W. | chuck_smythe@nps.gov | National Park
Nakhimovsky, Alexander | adnakhimovsky@colgate.edu |
Holm Car-Erik | ceho@sermersooq.gl | Ammassalik Museum |
Affairs and Northern Development Canada | Canada
Canada
Tróndheim, Gitte | gitr@ks.uni.gl | Ilisimatusarfik/University
Motzfeldt | Greenland
Olsen, Natuk | Nunatta Katersugaasivia Allagaateqarfialu/
Greenland
Arts | Canada
Motzfeldt, Kattie | kem@inerisaavik.gl | Kattie Egede
Holder, Tim | tim.holder@boem.gov | BOEM US Dept. of Interior
USA
USA
Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada | Canada Stoecker, R. | Community Partner | Greenland
Svensson, Tom | t.g.svensson@khm.uio.no | Museum of
Laneuville, Pascale | pascale.laneuville.1@ulaval.ca | Université
Cultural History, University of Oslo | Norway
Laval | Canada
Lidchi, Henriettah | lidchi@nms.ac.uk | National Museums
Heritage Centre | Canada
Government | Canada |
Klene, Anna E. | The University of Montana | USA
Gilmer, Anna | agilmer@rogers.com | Western University
University | USA
Harris, Julie | jharris@contentworks.ca | Contentworks
Brennan, Lucy | lucy.brennan@nunatsiavut.com | Nunatsiavut
Researcher
Langgård, Karen | kala@slm.uni.gl | Ilisimatusarfik/University
Center | USA |
Bouchard, Marie | mariebouchard@shaw.ca | Canada
Johnson, Cindy | mazzola68@yahoo.com | USA
Gardner, Neil | gardn1ns@cmich.edu | Central Michigan
Hanson, Gene | schieb@shaw.ca | Moderator: The Inuit and
Bird, Joanne | biddisond@si.edu | Prince of Wales Northern
University of Ottawa and Government of Nunavut | Canada
Piatigorsky, Joram | joramp@verizon.net | USA
School Board | Canada
Index
Index
Carleton University | Canada
of Greenland | Greenland
Foundation | USA
Curator/Consultant | USA
Vinokurova, Uliana | uottaah1707@gmail.com | Doctor of
Sociological Sciences, ASIAC | Russia
Waghiyi, Vi | Alaska Community Action on Toxics | USA
Wakeham, Pauline | pwakeham@uwo.ca | University of Western
Ontario | Canada
Walber, John | john@learningtimes.com | LearningTimes |
USA
Wolff, Ditte | dittewolff@cox.net | USA
Wondergem Henk | henkw@quickclic.net
Yerkes, Karl
Zanotti, Laura | lzanotti13@gmail.com | Purdue University
USA
| 171
P/U: Capital Skyline
Hotel
Stop: Holiday Inn
Stop: L’ Enfant Plaza
Hotel
Stop: Ripley Center
Stop: NMNH
Stop: Wilson Center
D/O: NMAI
P/U: Ripley Center
Stop: NMNH
Stop: Wilson Center
D/O: NMAI
4:30pm – 6:00pm
1:30pm – 5:00pm
P/U: Ripley Center
Stop: NMNH
Stop: Wilson Center
D/O: NMAI
9:30am – 12:30pm
12:30pm – 1:30pm
Hotel
Stop: Holiday Inn
Hotel
Stop: Ripley Center
Stop: NMNH
Stop: Wilson Center
D/O: NMAI
1:30pm – 4:30pm
P/U: Ripley Center
Stop: NMNH
Stop: Wilson Center
D/O: NMAI
Hotel
Stop: Holiday Inn
Hotel
3:30pm – 5:30pm
1:30pm – 3:30pm
Hotel
Stop: Holiday Inn
Hotel
Stop: Ripley Center
Stop: NMNH
Stop: Wilson Center
D/O: NMAI
12:30pm – 1:30pm
P/U: Ripley Center
Stop: NMNH
Stop: Wilson Center
D/O: NMAI
9:30am – 12:30pm
Hotel
Stop: Holiday Inn
Hotel
Stop: Ripley Center
D/O: NMNH
7:45am – 9:30am
(All shuttles continuous)
Thursday 10/25
P/U: Ripley Center
Stop: NMNH
Stop: Wilson Center
D/O: NMAI
Hotel
Stop: Holiday Inn
Hotel
Stop: Ripley Center
Stop: NMNH
Stop: Wilson Center
D/O: NMAI
12:30pm – 1:30pm
Hotel
Stop: Holiday Inn
Hotel
Stop: Ripley Center
D/O: NMNH
7:45am – 9:30am
D/O: NMAI
Stop: Capital Skyline
Hotel
Stop: Holiday Inn
Hotel
Friday 10/26
P/U: Ripley Center
Stop: NMNH
Stop: Wilson Center
D/O: NMAI
9:30am – 12:30pm
Hotel
Stop: Holiday Inn
Hotel
Stop: Ripley Center
D/O: NMNH
Hotel
Stop: Holiday Inn
Hotel
D/O: Canadian
Embassy
7:45am – 9:30am
Saturday 10/27
Hotel
Stop: Holiday Inn
Hotel
D/O: NMAI
6:00pm – 9:45pm
Stop: Ripley Center
Stop: NMNH
Stop: Wilson Center
D/O: NMAI
6:00pm – 9:00pm
8:00pm-9:30pm
Canada Institute made meeting spaces available and contributed ideas and encouragement.
Hotel
Stop: Holiday Inn
Hotel
D/O: NMAI
also provided facilities, events, and resources. David Biette and Kendra Heideman and the Woodrow Wilson Center’s
4:30pm-8:00pm
Shannon-Marie Soni and Sebastian Tirado, has been a key player and host. The Embassies of Denmark and Russia have
Hotel
Stop: Holiday Inn
Hotel
D/O: Ripley Center
We owe a special thanks to our many embassy partners. The Embassy of Canada in Washington, through its officers,
12:30pm – 4:30pm
We also thank the Smithsonian Associates for facilitating our accommodations in the S. Dillon Ripley Center.
Museum of the American Indian, and the “Castle” (Smithsonian’s central leadership) for their support and encouragement.
Hotel
Stop: Holiday Inn
Hotel
Stop: Ripley Center
Stop: NMNH
Stop: Wilson Center
D/O: NMAI
and Arctic scientists, artists and scholars. We are grateful to the National Museum of Natural History, the National
5:00pm – 6:00pm
Program Committee thanks the Smithsonian Institution for hosting this important international gathering of northerners
Wednesday
10/24
made possible through the support, partnering, and contributions of many individuals and organizations. The 18th ISC
**shuttle pick up stimes may vary due to traffic and construstion
The 18th Inuit Studies Conference, hosted by the Arctic Studies Center of the National Museum of Natural History, was
S h u t t l e B us S c h e du l e
Acknowledgements
South Capitol Street
To many it may seem like exhibitions sprout like spring flowers in Smithsonian museums, but in reality each exhibit
Capitol
Skyline
Hotel
‘bloom’ must be carefully developed and nurtured. Our curators Judith Burch, Bernadette Driscoll Engelstad, Will Richard,
and Charles Marrow made it possible for us to present a wide range of northern arts to our conference participants. Special
thanks to John Crump, and his staff at UNEP and GRID Arsenal, and Scot Nickels, Megan McKenna and Kathleen Merritt
395/Southeast Freeway
from Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (ITK). We also owe special thanks to Marcia Bakry, Betsy Burstein, Ellen Dorn, David Hsu,
Michael Mason, Elizabeth Musteen, Charles Noble, Jennifer O’Donnell, Charlie Potter, Rosemary Regan, Denise Robinson,
Rajshree Solanki, Molly Stephey, Jen Tozer, Seth Waite, and many others for help with our exhibitions. James Kochert
and Dennis Hasch provided IT and website support. Additionally, we thank Richard Kurin, Dianne Niedner and Katie
14th St NW
G Street SW
I Street SW
M
Metro
Hotel
12th St NW
Bus Route
M
Smithsonian
Metro
12th St NW
L’Enfant Plaza
S.Dillon
Ripley
Center
M
Woodrow
Wilson
Center
Fleming. Without their spirited dedication and seamless planning this conference could never have been brought to life.
National Mall
Ave
At the heart of this endeavor is our phenomenal conference secretariat led by Lauren Marr and assisted by Laura
National Museum
of Natural History
Studies Association (Inuksiutiit Katimajiit), has been a constant guiding star.
Federal
Triangle
Metro
NSF’s Anna M. Kerttula helped keep us on track, and Louis-Jacques Dorais, long an ISC ‘godfather’ representing the Inuit
ania
Aqqaluk Lynge, Nancy Karetak-Lindell, and Vera Metcalf reviewed conference plans and offered advice on key issues.
Pen
nsy
lv
ISC-18 has benefitted from a wide circle of friends and advisors. Our Inuit Advisory Committee members, Willie Hensley,
9th St NW
Legend
& Associates Ltd.
D Street SW
Venture Metal Works Incorporated, Sprott Asset Management, Ready Weld Metal Fabricators, and George Kriarakis
395/Southeast Freeway
7th St NW
L’Enfant
Plaza
Hotel
Independence Ave
funders, organized by Rocco Pannese (Kipling Gallery, Toronto), who coordinated contributions from Troshan, Inc,
7th St NW
Jefferson Drive
Quebec Bureau in Washington, and The Herb and Cece Screiber Foundation. Thanks to our Abraham Ruben exhibition
Madison Drive
Voices Initiative in the Anthropology Department, The Embassy of the Russian Federation, The Oak Foundation, The
of Polar Programs, TD Bank, Trust for Mutual Understanding, United States Arctic Research Commission, Recovering
6th St NW
Constitution Ave
Cristian Samper (NMNH), and Chris Leidel (SBE), we received support from the National Science Foundation’s Office
National
Archives
Metro
Financial assistance has come from many quarters. In addition to financing from the offices of Eva Pell, Richard Kurin,
4th St SW
L’Enfant
their planning and organizational efforts.
4th St SW
Holiday
Inn
Capitol
C St NW
conference, special thanks are due to interns Nikki Mason, Augusta Gudeman, Divya Ganesan and Gaston Lacombe for
4th St NW
Canadian
Embassy
A conference like this cannot function with intern and volunteer support. In addition to scores of volunteers during the
E Street SW
and technical and administrative support.
M
Acknowledgments
Earle, and Michelle Reed who helped us with administrative and technical details. Smithsonian AV contributed equipment
Federal
Center
Metro
National
Museum of
the American
Indian
3rd St NW
Mary Jo Arnoldi, Laurie Burgess, Jake Homiak, and Anthropology office staff Zaborian Payne, Nancy Shorey, Deborah
M Plaza
Metro
We could not have completed this project without the unwavering support of the Anthropology Department, especially
M
Desmond for making S. Dillon Ripley Center facilities available.
18th Inuit Studies Conference Program
Washington D.C. October 24th - 28th 2012

Conference - NMNH Home

Transcription

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