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COLOMBIA
Mine Action in post-conflict context
MINISTERIO DE POSCONFLICTO, DERECHOS HUMANOS Y SEGURIDAD - DIRECCIÓN PARA LA ACCIÓN INTEGRAL CONTRA MINAS ANTIPERSONAL
www.accioncontraminas.gov.co
“Once planted, a mine does
not distinguish between
soldiers and civilians.
Once peace comes, mines will
not recognize peace. They will
remain planted. ”
Jody Williams, Nobel Peace in
Colombia. February 2015.
Directorate for Integral Action against Antipersonnel Mines (DAICMA)
Mine Action Authority of COLOMBIA
Mission
In 2021, rural communities will have their
territories intervened by the Comprehensive
Action against Antipersonnel Mines, and will
be able to build peace.
1950
BEGINS THE CONFLICT IN COLOMBIA
DECADE OF THE 50s
TIMELINE PEACE PROCESS
2012
2013
2014
October 19.
Oslo, Norway
Installing the negotiating table (5 points agenda)
June 21.
Habana, Cuba
First Agreement: Comprehensive agricultural
development
December, 8.
Habana, Cuba
Second Agreement: Political participation
May, 16
Habana, Cuba
Third Agreement: Solution to the problem of
illicit drugs
June 3.
Habana, Cuba
2015
Discussions Begin two last points:
Victims and End of conflict
• Non-state armed group announces Unilateral Cease Fire
(Nov. 19)
• Non-state armed group announces Peace Gestures(Nov. 20)
• Strategic Transition Command – Downscaling conflict (Feb.
4, 2015)
SIGNING THE FINAL
AGREEMENT
Problem
Historical review / Density of affected areas
(January 1990 – December 2014)
Total land surface of the country: 1.141.748 km² (97% IED)
Problem
30.935 Incidents*
688 Municipalities
1990 – Dec 2014
*IMSMA
11.045 Victims
6.817 Military
4.228 Civilians
LANDMINE MONITOR
First country
•
Highest number of military casualties in the
world (203 of 585 in 2013)
Second country
Number of new victims
• Afghanistan (1050) Colombia (368)
• Highest number of child victims
Third country
• Highest total victims 15 years ago, after
Cambodia and Afghanistan
Colombia: 9915
Principles of Integral Action in the post-conflict
Quick
COMPREHENSIVE ACTION
Comprehen
siveness
Local
Participation
VICTIM ASSISTANCE
Territorial and
differentiation
approach
MINE RISK EDUCATION
Flexibility and
innovation
HUMANITARIAN DEMINING
EFFECTIVE ENJOYMENT
CITIZENS RIGHTS
Response
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION AND TERRITORIAL PRESENCE
COMPREHENSIVE
ACTION
Recent incident
Municipality of San Miguel
(Region of Putumayo)
What happened:
•
•
•
FARC pamphlet: confinement for APM
Restriction of mobility of the community to
develop hunting and fishing
Presence of illicit crops, humanitarian crisis
(food,
medicine,
water),
forced
disappearances and child recruitment
Local context:
•
•
•
•
•
Presence of energy mineral resources
Insufficient local institutional capacity
Presence of non-state armed groups
Border with Ecuador (586 km)
Weak infrastructure for humanitarian
assistance
Recent
case
CASO
RECIENTE
Municipality of San Miguel
(Region of Putumayo)
VICTIM
ASSITANCE
TOWN
MAYOR
Response
institutional:
humanitarian
accompaniment:
Minister of the Interior
Presidential Adviser for Human
Rights
Director Mine Action Authority
Town Mayor
Army and National Police
Victims Association
Community
UNHCR
UNICEF
UNHRC
ICRC
Mercy Corps
Local NGOs
SECURITY
Comprehensive
action
MINE
ACTION
AUTHORITY
HEALTH
EDUCATION
New structure to respond to the challenges of post-conflit
Presidency of the
Republic
Vice Presidency of the
Republic
Office of the High
Commissioner for Peace
Minister Counselor for
Post-Conflict, Human
Rights and Security
Minister Counselor to the
Government and Private
Sector
Minister Counselor for
communications
Directorate for
Comprehensive Action
against Antipersonnel
Mines (Mine Action
Authority)
Special Programs Fund
for Peace
How we will act within the framework of a post-conflict?
"Insanity: doing the same thing over
and over again and expecting
different results“
1.
Increase demining capacity and
rapid response.
2.
Strengthen
interagency
coordination to regulate Mine
Action actors.
3.
Strengthen territorial presence,
building Mine Action plans,
involving local communities and
authorities.
4.
Consolidate a clear and efficient
management
information
system, coming from the
territories.
Albert Einstein
Prioritization
CRITERIA
Pollution and involvement by APM 2002-2014
1. Accidents by MAP and MUSE (Victims)
2. Incidents (Operational Demining and Suspicions
submitted by authorities and communities)
3. Persistence in time of involvement
102
OTHER VARIABLES
Accumulated municipal
intervention
MUNICIPALITIES
 Population to protect
 Displacement, illegal crops, index of
vulnerability, victimization, rurality,
restitutions lands , conflict, peacebuilding.
 Environmental areas protected
120
102
100
66
80
60
40
20
15
0
2015
2
Gestos
de Paz
11
Año 1
28
Año 2
44
Año 3
Año 4
Año 5
DAICMA Estrategic Plan 2015 – 2021
ZERO DAY PLAN
AGREEMENT AND
TRANSITION
READINESS 2015
1. Increase demining capacity
and rapid response
• Demining Plan Update 20142016
• Begin National Campaign NTS
1. National Bureau of Peacebuilding
• Increase Gestures of peace
• National Demining Plan
• Baseline Finish with NTS
2. Strengthen interagency
coordination
• Update law and regulation
• Institutional adjustment
2. Increase comprehensive
interventions in Mine Action
3. Strengthen territorial
presence
4. National Plan Signaling
4. Consolidate an information
management system
15 municipalities
Today
3. Massive MRE strategy
5. Final characterization of victims
of MAP
28 municipalities
SIGNING THE FINAL
12
AGREEMENT
Months
POST-CONFLICT
2021
1. Ottawa Convention Compliance
• Demining Plan 2017-2021
• Finish clearing operations
• Cancellation events with low
involvement
2. Reconciliation and Peacebuilding
• Reparation for Victims
• Guarantees of Non-Repetition
3. Monitoring and Evaluation System
• Impact Assessment
102 municipalities
2021
Decision of the Government for National NTS
READINESS
2015
ZERO DAY PLAN
AGREEMENT AND TRANSITION
CURRENT CAPACITY
HUMANITARIAN DEMINING
IN COLOMBIA
ESTIMATED GROWTH SECTOR (Per Year)
MINISTRY OF NATIONAL
DEFENSE
BATTALION DEMINING
550 men
6 municipalities
DELIMITATION OF
CONTAMINATION
(NTS)
NATIONAL ARMY
84 men
4 municipalities
THE HALO TRUST
131 men
5 municipalities
TODAY
Non-technical survey
1.000 men
US $ 3.618.750
JulY
2015
POSCONFLICTO
NATIONAL ARMY
US $ 80.451.256
8.885 men
NATIONAL NAVY
US $ 1.741.118
112 men
NATIONAL POLICE
US $ 3.305.610
150 men
The HALO Trust
US $ 3.534.180
131 men
JulY
2016
BASELINE
Estimated costs DAICMA Strategic Plan 2015 - 2021
READINESS 2015
ZERO DAY PLAN
AGREEMENT AND
TRANSITION
NATIONAL CONTRIBUTION
US $ 2.991.617
US $ 18.244.553
US $ 102.444.775
FUNDS REQUIRED
FUNDS REQUIRED
FUNDS REQUIRED
• Peace Gestures
• Increased Community Liaison
• Increased Monitoring
(Currently by OAS)
• Strengthening IMSMA
US $ 3.133.000
Baseline NTS (Military)
• Community liaison
• Signage National Plan
• Mass campaigns MRE
Increased demining capacity
•
•
US $ 151.427.239
POST-CONFLICT
2021
Sustaining demining capacity
• Monitoring and Evaluation
System implemented
• Comprehensive mine action
interventions
•
US $ 308.607.377
12
HOY
2021
Months
SIGNING THE FINAL
AGREEMENT
15 municipalities
28 municipalities
102 municipalities
Let’s work as a team, and have better communication!
@rafacolontorres
“
A contaminated
territory is a
zone of conflict.
Whilst a territory
without mines
allows to plant
peace..!
“
rafaelcolon@presidencia.gov.co
COLOMBIA
MINISTERIO DE POSCONFLICTO, DERECHOS HUMANOS Y SEGURIDAD
- DIRECCIÓN PARA LA ACCIÓN INTEGRAL CONTRA MINAS ANTIPERSONAL

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