PVC Pressure Manual - Lamasat International Limited

Transcription

PVC Pressure
Manual
WebZ Designs - www.websitezambia.net
Formoreinformationonourrangeofproductsvisit
www.lamasat.co.zmorcall+260211273142/5
Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................................3
PVC Pressure Pipe.............................................................................................................................4
Applications.......................................................................................................................... 4
SABS Specification...............................................................................................................4
Features and Benefits............................................................................................................ 4
Dimensions of Hydro-wall uPVC Pressure
Pipe........................................................................................................................................5
Dimensions of Aqua-Wall mPVC Pressure
Pipe....................................................................................................................................... 5
Jointing................................................................................................................................. 6
7
Fittings for Pressure Pipe...................................................................................................................
PVC Fittings.......................................................................................................................... 7
SG Iron Fittings..................................................................................................................... 9
Resilient Seal Gate Valves..................................................................................................... 15
16
Physical Properties.............................................................................................................................
General....................................................................................................................................16
The Street Regression Line.....................................................................................................17
Design Stress and Safety Factor (service factor).....................................................................18
Effect of Temperature Change................................................................................................18
The Effects of Ultra Violet Light............................................................................................ 18
Chemical Resistance............................................................................................................. 19
20
Design Considerations.......................................................................................................................
Pressure Considerations........................................................................................................ 20
Temperature Considerations..................................................................................................22
Ultraviolet Light Considerations............................................................................................23
Trench Load Considerations.................................................................................................. 23
Bending................................................................................................................................. 26
Thrust Support....................................................................................................................... 26
Flow Considerations............................................................................................................. 27
Selection of Pipe Size and Class............................................................................................. 40
41
PVC-UH Safeblock Water Ball Valves...................................................................................................
2
Formoreinformationonourrangeofproductsvisitwww.lamasat.co.zmorcall+260211273142/5
Introduction
Lamasat International was registered in 2002
as a manufacturing company of pipes and
polypropylene bags. Since then the company
has grown with investments to date of over
US$ 60 million with a diverse range of
products and Services.
The Company employs close to 900 staff.
Lamasat provides leadership in most of its
chosen areas of business activity. We strive
to ensure that everything we do in our
business reflects the highest of standards.
OUR FACILITIES
Our company's business activities are spread
out at a number of locations around Lusaka,
w i t h
o u r
H e a d
O f f i c e
being located in Chipwenupwenu Road Off
Kafue Road, Makeni, and Lusaka.
We continually invest to grow our portfolio of
facilities and currently developing show room
and warehousing facilities along the busy
K a f u e R o a d i n L u s a k a .
OUR PRODUCTS
QUALITY ASSURANCE
Lamasat is a quality-endorsed company,
a signatory with the SABS confirming our
commitment to not only industry best
practice but our strong engagement in
environmental sustainability. Our factory
is accredited to ISO 9001:2008 and with
SAI Global standards regularly exceeded
our commitment to not
only meeting but exceeding product
quality. Environmental standards and
industry leading customer
service have us at the forefront of the
pipe, aluminum and wood manufacturing
industry.
Our products are available in a wide range of
sizes and specifications. The company
maintains high standards in its manufacturing
facilities and its products are manufactured in
compliance with
applicable products standards set by the
South African Bureau of Standards (SABS).
In recognition of our quality and excellence in
our offerings, we were also conferred with the
International Star Award for Quality- Gold
Category by the International Selection
Committee of the Business Initiative
Decisions of Paris, France.
3
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)
PVC Pressure Pipe
Applications
Lamasat (uPVC Pressure Pipe SABS 966
Part 1) and Aqua-wall (mPVC Pressure
Pipes SANS 966 Part 2) may be specified
with confidence for pumping mains and
reticulation networks. They have, for many
years, been successfully applied in civil,
effluent, purification, irrigation and
industrial applications.
uPVC & mPVC Pressure Pipe SANS 966 Part 1 & 2
SABS Specification
Hydro-Wall (uPVC) and Aqua-Wall (mPVC) pressure pipes are manufactured to, and carry
the SABS Mark for SANS 966 Parts 1 and 2 respectively. Customers are therefore assured of
consistently high quality pipes manufactured in an ISO 9001 accredited factory with a design life of
50 years and a substantial safety factor at the end of that period.
Features and Benefits
Features
Low mass
Benefits
Ease of handling
Reduced installation time
Reduced transport costs
Corrosion resistance
Long, maintenance free, life span
Abrasion resistance
Excellent life span when pumping slurries
Excellent flow characteristics
Smooth bore
Lower pumping costs
M inimal handling damage
Resilience
W avisafe Z-Lok®joint
M inimal installation damage
Easy, effective, dependable joints
4
Dimensions of Hydro-wall uPVC Pressure Pipe
SANS 966 Part 1-Pipe Dimensions
Design Stress:
20 mm – 90 mm sizes – 10 MPa
110 mm – 500 sizes – 12.5 MPa
All sizes of Class 4 – 10 MPa
Minimum wall thickness and Mass per 6 metre length
Outside
Diameter
(mm)
Class 4
Class 6
Class 9
Class 12
Class 16
Class 20
Class25
Working Pressure
400kPa
Working Pressure
600 kPa
Working
Pressure 900kPa
Working Pressure
1200kPa
Working Pressure
1600kPa
Working Pressure
2000kPa
Working Pressure
2500kPa
mm
20
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
125
140
160
200
250
315
355
400
450
500
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.80
2.20
2.50
2.80
3.20
3.90
4.90
6.20
7.00
7.80
8.90
9.80
kg
2.52
2.80
3.35
4.88
7.15
9.15
11.59
14.81
23.14
35.59
56.55
72.02
91.16
116.16
142.44
mm
1.50
1.80
1.90
2.20
2.70
2.60
3.00
3.30
3.80
4.70
5.90
7.40
8.40
9.40
10.60
11.80
kg
1.69
2.57
3.43
4.79
6.97
8.29
10.94
13.42
17.51
27.07
42.15
66.93
85.62
108.11
137.75
170.50
mm
1.50
1.80
2.20
2.70
3.20
3.90
3.90
4.40
4.90
5.60
7.00
8.70
11.00
12.40
14.00
15.70
17.40
kg
mm
1.34
1.98
3.13
4.77
6.77
9.79
12.09
15.57
19.57
25.31
39.68
61.19
97.57
124.34
158.61
200.83
248.30
1.50
1.80
2.30
2.80
3.60
4.30
5.10
5.10
5.80
6.50
7.40
9.20
11.50
14.50
16.30
18.40
20.70
22.90
kg
10.3
1.57
2.51
3.86
6.23
8.87
12.64
15.65
20.10
25.28
32.92
51.22
79.75
127.30
161.20
205.81
261.18
322.96
mm
1.50
1.90
2040
3.00
3.70
4.70
5.60
6.70
6.70
7.60
8.50
9.70
12.10
15.10
19.00
21.40
24.10
kg
0.81
1.26
2.05
3.19
4.97
7.92
11.24
16.13
20.04
25.85
32.41
42.24
65.80
102.95
163.75
207.90
264.44
mm
kg
mm
kg
4.60
5.80
6.90
8.20
8.20
9.30
10.40
11.90
14.90
1860
6.03
9.54
13.51
19.59
24.16
31.10
38.97
50.88
79.73
124.45
10.00
11.40
12.80
14.60
18.20
22.80
28.87
37.44
46.87
61.18
95.57
149.43
Dimensions of Aqua-Wall mPVC Pressure Pipe
SANS 966 Part 2 – Pipe Dimensions
Design Stress: 18 MPa
Minimum wall thickness and Mass per 6 metre length
Outside
Diameter
(mm)
50
63
75
90
110
125
140
160
200
250
315
355
400
450
500
Class 6
Class 9
Class 12
Class 16
Class 20
Class 25
Working
Pressure 600kPa
Working Pressure
900 kPa
Working Pressure
1200kPa
Working Pressure
1600kPa
Working Pressure
2000kPa
Working Pressure
2500kPa
mm
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.80
2.20
2.50
2.80
3.20
3.90
4.90
6.20
7.00
7.80
8.90
9.80
mm
1.50
1.60
1.90
2.20
2.70
3.10
3.50
4.00
4.90
6.10
7.70
8.70
9.80
11.00
12.20
mm
1.70
2.10
2.50
3.00
3.60
4.10
4.60
5.20
6.50
8.10
10.20
11.50
13.00
14.60
16.20
kg
2.15
2.73
3.29
4.68
7.02
8.98
11.20
14.73
22.20
34.62
55.51
70.71
88.45
114.04
139.83
kg
2.15
2.89
4.05
5.71
8.42
11.05
13.89
18.21
27.32
42.98
68.14
86.80
110.27
137.91
173.25
kg
2.40
3.76
5.27
7.62
11.05
14.36
17.94
23.25
36.20
56.31
89.43
113.55
145.90
183.97
227.52
mm
2.20
2.70
3.20
3.90
4.70
5.40
6.00
6.90
8.80
10.70
13.50
15.20
17.10
19.20
21.30
kg
3.06
4.69
6.65
9.61
14.17
18.52
23.11
29.98
46.83
73.09
116.57
148.19
188.21
239.06
295.24
mm
2.70
3.40
4.00
4.80
5.80
6.60
7.40
8.50
10.60
13.20
kg
3.67
5.82
8.18
11.67
17.21
22.26
28.04
36.74
57.28
89.17
mm
3.30
4.10
4.90
5.90
7.20
8.20
9.10
10.40
13.00
16.30
kg
4.42
6.92
9.75
14.09
21.08
28.31
33.96
44.27
69.31
108.32
5
Joining
The Wavisafe "Z-LOK" joint is integrally moulded on The seal ring's ribbed profile reduces friction during
one end of the pipe. The joint incorporates a factory assembly.
fitted rubber sealing ring which is retained in position
by a polypropylene lock ring. Each joint is capable of
handling some expansion and contraction as well as
angular deflection. The seal ring is designed to
provide a watertight joint at high and low pressures.
Each length of pipe has a "depth of entry" mark on
the spigot end to ensure correct installation.
Rubber seal, firmly fixed into the correct position
with a polypropylene lock ring. This prevents
accidental displacement of the seal ring during
jointing. Factory assembly ensures that the
supplied joint is fully functional. No more concern
about joint failure due to the use of randomly
sized or incorrectly placed seals.
6
Fittings for Pressure Pipe
Awide range of complimentary fittings is available for use with Hydro-Wall and Aqua-Wall pressure
pipes. For sizes up to 250mm diameter, there are PVC bends, sockets and adaptors as well as
wide variety of SG iron fittings. Larger sizes can be catered for from a selection of plain ended
fabricated steel fittings in conjunction with Viking Johnson couplings.
PVC Fittings
PVC Bends
All bends are made to suit either Class 9 or Class 16 applications and are available in 11¼0 , 22½ 45 and 900,
90°PressureBend
Outside
Diameter A
(mm)
Over length B
(mm)
Radius C (mm)
Mass (kg)
50
63
75
90
110
125
140
160
200
250
820
900
970
1085
1200
1330
1435
1610
1920
2220
175
220
260
315
385
440
490
560
700
875
0.75
1.32
2.02
3.22
5.40
7.65
10.33
15.08
27.82
50.23
45°PressureBend
h ĵ Ċℓ╜ŕś
Diameter A
(mm)
Over length B
(mm)
Radius C (mm)
Mass (kg)
‫ﮭي‬
‫ىﻲ‬
75
90
110
125
140
160
200
250
‫ﮭﻮ ﯿ‬
900
970
1085
1200
1330
1435
1610
1920
2220
‫ي ﯾو‬
220
260
315
385
440
490
560
700
875
‫⁭ﮭ‬
‫يﯾ‬
1.32
2.02
3.22
5.40
7.65
10.33
15.08
27.82
50.23
7
Outside
DiameterA
(mm)
Overall
LengthB
(mm)
RadiusC
(mm)
Mass(kg)
50
640
175
0.59
63
670
220
0.98
75
700
260
1.45
90
755
315
2.25
110
800
385
3.60
125
670
440
5.00
140
920
490
6.62
160
1025
560
9.60
200
1190
700
17.24
250
1305
875
29.53
22½°PressureBend
Outside
DiameterA
(mm)
Overall
LengthB
(mm)
RadiusC
(mm)
Mass(kg)
50
640
175
0.59
63
670
220
0.98
75
700
260
1.45
90
755
315
2.25
110
800
385
3.60
125
670
440
5.00
140
920
490
6.62
160
1025
560
9.60
200
1190
700
17.24
250
1305
875
29.53
11¼°Pressure Bend
Adaptors PVC – AC
The table below lists the available adaptors.
PVC
OutsideDiameterA
(mm)
ACPipe
Actualoutside
diameterC
(mm)
ACPipe
NominalSize
(mm)
50
50
69
63
50
69
75
75
96
90
75
96
110
100
122
125
125
150
140
125
150
160
150
177
200
200
232
250
250
286
8
PVC Double Sockets
Double Sockets are used to connect plain ended pipes. There are sometimes short lengths of plain ended
pipes required before or after fittings, such as tees, bends, etc. In these cases the most economical
method of connection is to use a double socket. The table below lists the available sizes.
Size(mm)
Length(mm)
50
300
63
300
75
300
90
330
110
330
125
380
140
450
160
450
200
540
250
615
SG Iron Fittings
SG Iron Equal Tees
Nominal
Size(mm)
C(mm)
D(mm)
Mass(kg)
50
124
132
2.4
63
145
150
3.3
75
150
151
4.3
90
161
175
5.4
110
177
192
6.5
125
205
205
18.1
140
227
229
22.5
160
229
230
13.2
200
265
259
24.8
250
318
315
44.2
9
SG Iron Hydrant Tees
Nominal
Size(mm)
C(mm)
75
D(mm)
150
Mass(kg)
155
6.1
90
163
160
7.2
110
175
170
8.3
160
193
225
13.8
200
214
217
19.2
250
251
243
27.6
Table of available drilling patterns for SG Iron Hydrant Tees
Specifcations
PCD(mm)
Diameterof
Hole(mm)
No.ofHoles
31/2”
TableCBS10
165.1
4
18.0
3”
TableDBS10
146.0
4
18.0
80mm
Table10SABS
1123
160.0
8
18.0
80mm
Table16SABS
1123
160.0
8
SG Iron Scour Tees
Nominal
Diamter
(mm)
C(mm)
D(mm)
Mass(kg)
110
180
175
9.8
160
207
197
14.1
200
218
230
21.1
250
254
253
Table of available drilling patterns for SG Iron Hydrant Tees
Specifcations
4”
PCD(mm)
Diameterof
Hole(mm)
No.ofHoles
TableDBS10
177.8
4
18.0
100mm
Table10SABS
1123
180.0
8
18.0
100mm
Table16SABS
1123
180.0
8
18.0
10
SG Iron Reducing Tees
All full range of reducing tees from 63mm – 250 mm is available in SG iron. Certain sizes of two
components, eg. A 160 mm x 50mm reducing tee is made up of a 160 mm x 90mm reducing tee plus a
90mm x 50mm reducer which fits into the branch of the reducing tee as shown in the diagram. The '*'
denotes two part reducing tees in the table below.
NominalSize
(mm)
C(mm)
D(mm)
Mass(kg)
63x50*
130
160
4.3
75x50
150
152
4.0
75x63
150
152
4.3
90x50*
154
189
6.0
90x63
154
152
5.0
90x75
159
158
5.5
110x50*
176
210
7.8
110x63
176
173
6.8
110x75
176
175
6.6
110x90
166
181
7.1
125x50*
205
335
24.7
125x63*
205
298
25.0
125x75*
205
293
25.0
125x90*
205
315
25.4
125x110*
205
264
22.7
140x50*
227
320
30.1
140x63*
227
283
30.4
140x75*
227
278
30.4
140x90*
227
300
30.4
140x110*
227
249
28.1
140x125*
227
250
26.1
160x50*
180
230
10.9
160x63
180
193
9.9
160x75*
180
255
13.3
160x90
193
212
11.4
160x110
204
216
11.2
160x125*
204
294
23.2
160x140*
204
272
22.2
200x50*
242
301
19.9
200x63*
242
264
20.2
200x75*
242
259
20.2
200x90*
242
281
20.3
200x110
242
230
17.9
200x125*
250
288
31.8
200x140*
250
266
31.8
200x160
250
253
21.6
250x50*
253
516
40.1
250x63*
253
417
40.4
250x75*
253
472
40.4
250x90*
253
494
40.5
250x110*
253
443
38.3
250x125*
253
443
83.0
250x140*
253
421
48.5
250x160*
253
408
43.0
250x200
253
295
30.8
11
SG Iron Reducers
There are two types of reducers available, namely socketed both sides and spigot and socket.
Both are used for in –line reduction of pipe size. However, the spigot/ socket reducer has an
advantage when used in conjunction with a fitting. The spigot end can be fitted into any of the
sockets on these fittings.
Female reducers (socketed both sides)
Nominal
Size(mm)
C(mm)
Mass(kg)
75x63
222
2.4
90x63
224
3.1
90x15
250
3.5
110x63
270
8.0
110x75
270
4.4
110x90
226
4.3
160x90
334
8.3
160x110
334
8.1
200x110
339
12.9
200x160
336
12.8
250x160
338
17.3
250x200
440
18.8
Male/Female reducer (spigot and socket)
Nominal
Size(mm)
C(mm)
D(mm)
Mass(kg)
63x50(B)
137
100
1.0
75x50(B)
141
106
1.1
75x63(B)
141
106
1.2
90x50(B)
144
112
3.0
90x63(B)
144
112
1.7
90x75(B)
155
112
1.9
110x50(L)
255
120
2.0
110x63(L)
156
122
2.3
110x75(B)
151
122
2.3
110x90(B)
113
122
2.4
125x110(B)
181
128
4.6
140x110(B)
150
130
5.6
140x125(B)
151
130
4.2
160x90(L)
310
141
4.8
160x110(B)
115
140
5.0
160x125(B)
115
140
10.0
160x140(B)
153
140
9.0
200x110(L)
345
155
1.3
200x160(B)
215
155
7.5
250x160(L)
395
179
12.2
250x200(B)
218
179
12.8
12
SG Iron Flange Adaptors
Nominal
Size
(mm)
C(mm)
D(mm)
E(mm)
T(mm)
Mass
(kg)
50
105
150
47
19
2.2
63
135
165
55
19
2.8
75
124
200
70
19
3.4
90
155
200
80
20
4.3
110
158
220
90
20
4.7
125
160
255
110
22
14.0
140
154
255
130
22
14.0
160
185
280
140
22
9.1
200
177
340
180
25
14.8
250
210
405
230
28
23.8
Table of available drilling patterns for SG Iron adaptors.
Outside
Diameter
(mm)
Flange
Size(mm)
Flange
Size(mm)
50+63
BS10 TableD
PCD
(mm)
50
SABS1123 Table10
Diameter
ofHoles
(mm)
No.of
Holes
PCD
(mm)
SABS1123 Table16
Diameter
ofHoles
(mm)
No.of
Holes
PCD
(mm)
Diameter
ofHoles
(mm)
No.of
Holes
114.3
4
18
125
4
18
125
4
18
75
65
127.0
4
18
145
4
18
145
4
18
110
100
177.8
4
18
180
8
18
180
8
18
125
125
209.6
8
18
210
8
18
210
8
18
140
125
209.6
8
18
240
8
22
240
8
18
160
150
235.0
8
18
240
8
22
240
8
22
200
200
292.0
8
18
295
8
22
295
12
22
250
250
355.6
8
22
350
12
22
355
12
26
SG Iron End Caps
Nominal
Size
(mm)
C(mm)
Mass
(kg)
50
117
0.9
63
121
1.5
75
128
1.8
90
129
2.5
110
135
2.7
160
154
5.7
200
228
8.6
13
SG Iron Saddles
Saddles are manufactured from SG Iron, have four galvanised bolts and nuts, two straps and a rubber
gasket which seats in a recess under the saddle. The standard drilling and tapping is 25mm BSP.
Tappings up to 40 mm BSP can be ordered. Lamasat Pipe Systems also manufacture a range of
Magnum Polypropylene Saddles which are ideal for use with PVC pipes.
NominalSize
(mm)
C(mm)
D(mm)
Mass(kg)
63
76
133
1.6
75
76
142
1.6
90
76
160
1.7
110
76
180
2.0
160
76
230
2.4
200
76
270
2.8
SG Iron Repair Couplings
These sleeve couplings are used for repairing breaks in pipelines.
NominalSize
(mm)
C(mm)
63
220
75
232
90
250
110
272
160
320
200
345
250
438
14
Resilient Seal Gate Valves
B od y a nd B o nnet
D uctile iro n, G G G -50 T O
D IN 1 693 ( B S 27 89 grad e
500-7)
C oating *
E lectrostatica lly
a pp lie d
epox y res in to D IN 30 67 7 –
intern ally an d externally
S tem
S ta inless steel, D IN X C r 1 3
S tem sealin g
N B R w ip er rin g, 2 N B R O rings insid e a nd 2 o utsid e
a
plastic
bearing,
EPDM
rubber m anchette
W edge
D uctile iro n, G G G -50, core
fully vulca nised w ith in tegra l
w edg e n ut of de zincificatio n
resistant brass, C Z 132 to
B S 287 4
T rust C ollar
D ezincificatio n
resistant
brass, C Z 132 to B S 2874
B onnet B olts
Stainless steel A 2, sealed w ith
hot m elt
B onnet gasket
E P D M rubber
Sockets
Fitted w ith E P D M rubber “
E uro”
sealing rings to suit
m etric P V C - pipes.
·Also availability internally enamelled
For waterworks purposes, double – socketed, non – rising spindle,
DN
Pipe
Diameter
External
(mm)
A
(mm)
L
(mm)
H
(mm)
F
(mm)
C
(mm)
E
(mm)
Mass
(Kg)
40
50
103
270
236
14
64
44
7
50
63
103
286
241
14
80
52
8
65
75
108
298
271
17
82
58
9
80
90
115
315
297
17
85
68
13
100
110
118
336
334
19
100
79
18
125
125
115
348
375
19
118
87
24
150
160
130
400
448
19
140
107
40
200
200
135
426
562
24
156
130
56
200
225
151
452
562
24
150
142
58
250
250
161
474
664
27
152
157
80
250
280
166
504
664
27
172
174
95
300
315
172
548
740
27
204
193
123
400
400
185
596
950
32
226
240
246
15
Physical properties
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is a thermoplastic material
which consists of a PVC resin compounded with
varying proportion of stabilisers, lubricants, fillers,
pigments, plasticizers and processing aids. Different
formulations of these ingredients are used to obtain
specific properties fro different applicants. Pipes can
therefore be developed to meet the requirements of a
wide variety of applications and conditions.
General
The general properties given in the table below are
those for PVC compound formulations used in pipe
manufacture. It should be used noted that these
properties are relative to temperature and the
duration of stress application.
P h y s ic a l
C o e ffic ie n t o f lin e r e x p a n s io n
D e n s it y
F la m m a b ilit y ( o x y g e n in d e x )
U n its
V a lu e
K’
6 x 1 0 -5
K /m 2
1 .4 x 1 0 3
%
45
S h o re h a rd n e s s
80
S o fte n in g p o in t (V ic a t – m in im u m )
ºC
76
S p e c ific h e a t
J /k g /K
1 .0 x 1 0 3
T h e rm a l c o n d u c tiv it y (a t 0 -5 0 0 C
W /m /K
0 .1 4
M e c h a n ic a l
M o d u le s o f E la s tic it y (l o n g te rm – 5 0
M Pa
y e a rs )
M o d u le s o f E la s tic it y ( s h o rt te rm – 1 0 0
M Pa
seconds)
E lo n g a tio n a t b r e a k
%
P o is s o n ’s R a tio
uPV C
1400
1500
m PVC
uPV C
m PVC
u PVC
75
0 .4
T e n s ile s tre n g th (5 0 y e a r - e x tra p o la te d )
T e n s ile s tre n g th ( m in im u m )
M PVC
M Pa
M Pa
26
48
F ric tio n F a c to rs
M a n n in g
0 .0 0 8 – 0 .0 0 9
H a z e n W illia m s
N ik u ra d s e ro u g h n e s s (k )
150
Mm
0 .0 0 3 – 0 .0 1 5
16
The stress Regression Line
The traditional method of portraying the primary mechanical property of PVC, tensile strength, is by
means of a graph of log stress vs. Log time to failure. This is known as the stress regression line. It is a plot
of the circumferential hoop stress in the wall of the pipe (from internal pressure) against time to failure.
Numerous actual test results, measured at 20 0C and 600 C, over a range of times up to 10,000 hours,
are plotted on a log scale and a regression line is calculated to fit this data. The resultant regression line is
then extrapolated to 50 years (438,000 hours). The method of calculation is an internationally accepted
procedure described in ISO/TR 9080. The required values of stress and time are specified in SANS 966
parts 1 and 2.
The method for calculating circumferential hoop stress is derived from Barlows formula and is as follows:A = p (d-t)/2t
Where
Q = hoop stress in wall of pipe (MPa)
P = Internal pressure (MPa)
17
Design stress and safety factor (service
factor)
As can be seen from the stress regression lines,
the creep rapture strength diminishes with
Safety factors take into account handling conditions, increasing temperature and working pressures
service condition and other circumstances not must be down – rated if the factors of safety are to
be maintained. The applicable reduction factors
directly considered in the design.
are given under. “temperature Considerations”
In terms of SANS 966 the following safety factors later.
have been adopted. These factors have resulted in
the given design stresses being applicable. The Expansion and Contraction
design stress is derived by dividing the 50 year hoop All plastics have high coefficients of expansion and
stress ( MPa- from the stress regression line) by the contraction, several times that of metals. This must
be allowed for in any installation by the use of
chosen safely factor.
uPVC
mPVC
Material
PVC
Sizes ≤
90mm
Sizes ≥
110mm
All
Sizes
Safety Factor
2.5
2.0
1.4
Design Stress (Mpa)
10.0
12.5
Applying Barlow's formula (below) it is now possible
to calculate the minimum wall thickness for any given
size and pressure class of pipe.
Co-effcient of expansion (K )
-1
8×10
-5
HDPE
20×10
-5
Steel
1.2×10
-5
Copper
2.0×10
-5
The effect of Ultra violet light
Most plastics are affected by UV light. PVC
T = p x d / (2Q + P)\
pressure pipes have UV light stabilisers
incorporated in their formulation but if pressure
Where
t= minimum wall thickness (mm)
pipes have to be exposed for an indefinite period,
P = pressure (Mpa )
they should b painted, preferably with one coat of
d= mean external diameter (mm)
white Alkyd Enamel or PVA.
Q = design stress (MPa)
For example the minimum wall thickness for a 250
Long – term exposure ( more than 4 to 6 months
mm class 16 uPVC pipe is:
– dependant on climate conditions) to UV light
can cause discoloration of the pigments in the
pipe and, in severe cases, lead to some
T = 1.6 x 250 / {2 x 12.5) + 1.6}
embrittlement. Such embrittlement affects the
= 15.04 mm ( rounded up to 15.1 mm for ability to withstand impacts but does not reduce
pressure handling capabilities.
manufacture)
Effect Of Temperature Change
Working pressure
The standard design temperature for PVC pipes is 20
ºC and working pressure are usually quoted for this
temperature. PVC pressure pipes function perfectly
well below 20 C, right down to freezing point, and can
in fact withstand higher pressures than those quoted
at 20 ºC.
18
Chemical Resistance
Lamasat PVC pipes and fittings are highly resistant to acids, sewage of the most aggressive soils. Alkalis
have very effect on PVC. The table below summaries this resistance but further information can be
obtained by contacting our technical department.
Chemical Type
PV C Reaction / Suitability
Acids
No attack by concentrated or diluted acids at
tem perature up to 60 ºC, should
be reduced
by: from 2.5% for 10% sulphuric- to 27.5% fr
concentrated
Alkalis
No attack at tem perature up to 60 ºC even by
concentrated
alkalis.
However
in
stressed
applications, design stress m ust be reduced
significantly, e.g by 40 – 50% for 10% sodium
hydroxide.
Arom atic
hydrocarbons
and
highly
polar
Not suitable
organic m aterials such as ketones, esters, cyclic
ether, nitro- com pounds and hydrocarbons.
Aliphatic hydrocarbons
No effect
Aliphatic
No attack at
room tem perature but
design
m ust be reduced by half
Halogens – chlorine
No attack if dry
Halogens – Chlorine
Not suitable if m ost
Halogens – Brom ine
Not suitable
Halogens – Fluorine
Not suitable
Halogens – Iodine
Not suitable
Oxidizing agents
Little attack even by the strongest , such as
concentrated Potassium perm anganate , but
design stress m ust be reduced by 25%
Reducing agents
No effect up to 60 ºC
Detergents
No attack
19
Design Considerations
In SANS 966 there are 7 different pressure classes ( see page 41). These classes include suitable safety
factors and are intended as a guide to trouble free operation under average service conditions. There are
however many factors which must be considered when determining the severity of service and the
appropriate class of pipe. This section is provided as a guide to the designer in the light of his or her
knowledge of the particular circumstances.
Amongst the factors to be considered are:
· Operating pressure characteristics
· Static conditions
Dynamic conditions
Water hammer
· Cyclic loads
Temperature
· Effect of pressure
· Effect on dimensions
· Trench load conditions
· Soil loads
· Traffic loads
· Bending
· Thrust support
· Flow considerations
· Selection of pipe size and class
Pressure Considerations
Static Pressure
The hydrostatic pressure capacity of PVC pipe is
related to a number of variables:
P = 2 x t x Q /d
The ratio between the outside diameter and the wall
Or alternatively
thickness ( standard dimension ratio)
T = P x d /(2Q + p)
 They hydrostatic design stress of the PVC pipe
being used (uPVC or mPVC)
Where: p = internal pressure ( MPa)
t = minimum wall thickness (mm)
 The operating temperature
d = mean outside diameter (mm)
 The duration and variability of the stress applied by
q = circumferential hoop stress ( MPa)
the internal hydrostatic pressure.
Although PVC pipe can withstand short- term
hydrostatic pressure at levels substantially higher
than the pressure rating, or class, ( see “ The stress
Regression line” and “ Design Stress and safety
factor” earlier) the duty of PVC pipe should always be
based on the pipes long – term strength at 20 ºC to
ensure a design life of at least 50 year. As stated
earlier, line relationship between the internal
pressure, the diameter and wall thickness and the
circumstantial hoop streets in the pipe wall, is given by
the Barlow Formula, which can also be expressed as
follows
These formula have been standardized for use in
design, testing and research and are applicable at all
levels of pressure and stress.
For design purposes, p is taken as the maximum
allowable working pressure and q, the maximum
allowable hoop stress at 20 ºC.
The design hoop stresses used in SANS 966 are as
follows:
Part 1
Part 2
sizes up to 90 mm
10 Mpa
Other sizes
12.5 Mpa
All seizes
18 MPa
20
Dynamic Pressure
in flow conditions. Examples of such conditions are:
The pressure classes of SANS 966 PVC pipes are based starting and stopping of pumps, rapid opening and
on constant internal pressures. PVC pipes are however closing of valves, pipe failures etc.
capable of handling dynamic pressure events which
v of water in the
exceed the values given by the classes but such A rapid change in the velocity
occurrences can have a negative effect on the normal 50 pipeline gives rise to a pressure increase p according
years life expectancy and in extreme cases can result in to the formula :
P=C
product failure.
V /g
PVC pipes are capable of handling accidental events, Where : c = wave celerity ( metres per second)
G = acceleration due to gravity
such as pressure surges due to a power cut. However, if
repetitive surges are likely to exceed about 100,000 The wave celerity for hydro – wall ( uPVC) and Aqua
occurrences during a 50 year operating lifetime, which is –wall (mPVC) have been calculated and given below.
equivalent to an average of one surge wave every four
Class
Hydro-wall m/s
Aqu –wall m/s
hours for the total life of the pipe, then fatigue is a
4
280
-
possibility and a fatigue design should be carried out. For
6
305
266
most water supply lines this frequency of surges never
9
371
297
12
426
342
16
488
393
20
542
437
25
601
486
occurs.
It stress peaks in excess of the design stresses are
present , fatigue proceeds more rapidly and failure can
occur earlier. For this reason peak pressures should not be
allowed to exceed maximum recommended working
pressures.
NOTE:
Since part of the formula for calculating wave
celerity incorporate the ratio between diameter
crack initiates from some dislocation in the material matrix, and wall thickness ( SDR), which is roughly
usually towards the inside surface of the pipe where stress constant for all sizes within a pressure class, the
wave celebrities are also constant for all sizes
levels are highest, and propagates or grows with each
within a pressure class.
stress cycle at a rate dependent on the magnitude of the
By way of comparison the wave celerity for steel
stress. Ultimately the crack will penetrate the pipe wall,
pipes is about 3 times higher than for PVC ( 1000
extending from a few millimetres to a few centimetres long
to 1400m/s)
in the axial direction and will produce a leak.
Studies of fatigue responses have shown that a fatigue
It is important to appreciate that the growth of a fatigue
crack is primarily dependent on the stress cycle amplitude,
i.e the maximum pressure minus the minimum pressure.
Therefore a pipe subjected to a pressure cycle of zero to
half working pressure is as much in danger of fatigue as
one subjected to a pressure cycle of half to full working
pressure. Thus pipe fatigue failures occur just as
frequently at high points in the system as at low points
where the total pressure is greater.
WATER HARMMER
Pipelines may be subjected to short-term increase in
pressure above the normal working pressure due to
water hammer. Water hammer will occur in a pipeline
when its equilibrium is disturbed by rapid changes
It is important to note that the pressure increase due
to water hammer in a particular class of pipe is a
function of the change in velocity and it is therefore
important ( for this and other reasons) to keep
pumping velocities in a pipeline within the
conventional norm of 1 to 2 m/s.
In general steps should be taken during design and
operation to minimize the frequency and intensity of
water hammer. However the total pressure may be
permitted to reach a value 50% higher than the normal
pressure if the frequency can be described as “
occasional.”
21
Cyclic loads
A design for fatigue must involve:
1. An estimate of the magnitude of pressure
fluctuations likely to occur in the pipeline, i.e the
difference.
2. An estimate of the frequency, usually expressed as
cycles per day, at which such fluctuations will occur.
3.A statement of the required service life needed from
the pipe.
The design can be done on the basis of the
Temperature considerations
Effect on pressure
The pressure classes of PVC pipes carrying the
SANS 966 mark have been allocated on the basis
of design at 20 ˚C. Any pipes used in applications
where operating temperatures exceed 25 ˚C need
to be de-rated to ensure that the 50 year design life,
or the safety factor, is not adversely affected. The
following pressure reduction factors should be applied.
Temperature
Working pressure factor
30°C
0.9
35° C
0.8
40° C
0.7
is represented graphically below. The pressure
45°C
0.6
50°C
0.5
amplitude is defined as the maximum pressure, minus
55°C
0.4
60°C
0.3
established relationship between pressure amplitude
and the number of cycles to failure. This relationship
the minimum pressure experienced by the system,
including all transients, both positive and negative.
Alert:
The maximum recommended working temperature
is 60˚C
At lower temperatures, between 20˚C and 0 ˚C, the
pressure handling capability does increase but it is
recommended that this be ignored. If water freezers
inside PVC pipe permanent strain (if not fracture) may
occur, leading to a possible severe reduction in the
working life of the pipe.
Effect on Dimensions
Due to the relatively high coefficient of expansion and
contraction (given in “Expansion and contraction” earlier)
it is necessary to make allowance for this in any design
and installation which is exposed to wide variations of
Example
temperature.
A sewer rising main with a static rise of 15 metres and
a total pumping head of 50 metres is designed to
PVC pipes will expand or contract by 0.08 mm per metre
service a population of 400 growing to 1,000 in 50
per ˚C rise or fall in temperature A 30 ˚C temperature
years. Through put is 300 litres/head/day average and
rise will therefore cause a 14.4mm expansion of a 6
well capacity is 20,000 litres. Over the life of the
metre pipe.
scheme the average throughput is 210,000 litres/day.
Assuming that half the well capacity is utilised, then
the average switching rate will be 21 cycles/day.
Assuming is no significant water hammer, the
dynamic range is 35 metres. According to the chart a
class. 6 pipe is satisfactory.
22
Ultraviolet Light Considerations
The vast majority of PVC pressure pipes are intended
for burial in trenches and they are therefore
manufactured with relatively low levels of additives to
protect them against the effects of ultraviolet light.
Pipes which will be exposed indefinitely to UV light
should be protected by painting with a coat of light
coloured AIkyd Enamel or PVA.
Paint containing solvent thinners should be avoided.
It is recommended that pipes should be buried
wherever possible.
Trench Load Considerations
It has been well established by researchers over
many years that, for flexible pipes, it is the interaction
between the soil and the pipe which has to be
considered more extensively than is the case for rigid
pipes where the material strength of the pipe is the
critical issue. The points discussed here are given as
a guide only to aid design by the engineer.
Soil And Traffic Loads
The vertical load on a PVC pipe due to soil is a function
of the trench width and depth, the until weight and type
of the soil and the pipe diameter and wall thickness. This
loading must generally be corrected because of the fact
that the soil is cohesive and the side fill reacts with the fill
above the pipe. Furthermore flexible pipes deflect and
shed load to the side fill. This vertical deflection is limited
by lateral soil resistance. The resultant load is therefore
less than that which Colum theory suggests.
The soil loading graphs below that, after initial rapid
increases with increased depth, this rate of increase
falls away to almost zero at depths of about 6 metres or
more. Typical maximum values of soil loads ( without
live loads) are between 1000 and 17000 N/m ( for sizes
between 50 and 500mm).
depending largely on soil type, modulus and pipe
stiffness. As soil compaction is increased so the
maximum soil load on the pipe reduced, assuming
that backfilling procedures have been followed.
Soil load at shallow depths increases dramatically when a
60 KN live load is added. This effect is aggravated by poor
compaction. However, from about 3 metres deep this
effect becomes negligible. As can be seen from the
deflection vs. Soil load graph there is a straight line
relationship between deflection and soil load for each size
and class of pipe. Therefore if the soil load reaches a
maximum . these graphs then the deflection also has a
maximum. These graphs include the maximum soil loads
from the soil load graphs include the maximum soil loads
from
the soil load graphs and shows the maximum
deflection ( for the conditions represented) of less than
1.8% - for a 500 mm class 6 pipe – even with a 60 KN live
load. Large diameter pipes carry more load because of
their greater surface area. Thicker pipes carry more soil
load because it is more difficult to deflect since less load
shedding occurs.
The graphs below were based on calculations using
values typical for reasonable backfill material which has
been poorly compacted ( soil modules of 3 MPa) excluding
and including a 60 KN live load. Trench widths of 0.4m,
0.6m, 0.7m and 0.8m were used for the following groups of
pipe sizes 50mm – 160mm, 200mm – 315mm, 400mm
and 500mm. Different soil cover the pipes were used,
varying from 0.9m to 10m. The method of calculation was
provided by Professor David Stephenson of
Witwatersrand University.
We have shown graphs on the following pages for class 6
and class 16 only but have available graphs for class 9 and
class 12 which show very similar trends. The graphs
represent Aqua-Wall mPVC pipes.
23
Soil Loading on PVC Class 6 (No live Load, Soil Modulus: 3 MPa)
16000
14000
12000
N/m
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0.9
1.2
1.5
2
4
6
8
10
Depth of Cover - Metres
50mm Class 6
75mm Class 6
110mm Class 6
200mm Class 6
315mm Class 6
500mm Class 6
Soil Loading on PVC Class 16 (No Live Load, Soil Modulus: 3 MPa)
20000
18000
16000
14000
N/m
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
0.9
1.2
1.5
2
4
6
8
10
Depth of Cover - Metres
50mm Class 16
75mm Class 16
110mm Class 16
200mm Class 16
315mm Class 16
500mm Class 16
24
Deflection vs Soil Load PVC Class 6 (No Live Load, Soil Modulus: 3 MPa)
1.80
1.60
Deflection - %
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
50mm Class6
75mm Class 6
200mm Class 6
110mm Class 6
315mm Class 6
18000
16000
14000
Soil Load - N/m
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
0
0.20
2000
0.40
500mm Class 6
Deflection vs Soil Load PVC Class 16 (No Live Load, Soil Modulus: 3 MPa)
1.4
1.2
Deflection - %
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
Soil Load - N/m
50mm Class 16
75mm Class 16
110mm Class 16
200mm Class 16
315mm Class 16
500mm Class 16
25
20000
Bending
Material
0
Soft clay
50
An important feature of PVC pipes is that they may be
Medium clay, sandy loam
100
Sand, Gavel and hard clay
150
Sand and gravel, cemented with clay
200
Sand and gravel, cemented with rock
240
deliberately bent, within limits, thus eliminating the
need, in some cases, for separate bends. As a rule of
thumb the radius of such a bend must not be less than
300 times the pipe diameter. In addition each rubber
Safe bearing Load (kPa)
Peat , running sand, muck, ash etc
Table Of Soil Safe Bearing Loads
ring joint can accommodate a further ½ of bend. This
Pipe O .D
90° Bend
Closed end
Tee or 45° Bend
22 ½ °
(m m 0
(kN)
(kN)
(kN)
Bend (kN)
(kN)
feature significantly reduces costs and speeds up
50
0.27
0.19
0.15
0.08
0.04
63
0.43
0.31
0.23
0.12
0.06
75
0.61
0.43
0.33
0.17
0.08
installation times when compared to some traditional
11 ¼ ° Bend
90
0.88
0.62
0.48
0.24
0.12
110
1.32
0.93
0.71
0.36
0.18
125
1.70
1.20
0.92
0.47
0.24
140
2.13
1.51
1.16
0.59
0.30
160
2.79
1.97
1.51
0.77
0.39
200
4.36
3.08
2.36
1.20
0.60
250
6.81
4.81
3.68
1.88
0.94
changes of direction greater than 10˚eg. Tess ad
315
10.81
7.64
5.85
2.98
1.50
355
13.72
9.70
7.43
3.79
1.90
bends
400
17.42
12.32
9.43
4.81
2.42
pipe materials.
Thrust support
An unbalanced thrust is developed by a pipeline at:
v Changes in pipe size
Table of approximate thrust on fittings for each
v Valves and End Caps
10mm ( 100 kPa) of pressure in the line.
Example
In most of cases the soil bearing capacity is
Class of pipe
12
Maximum working pressure
96m
Test pressure
120m
Bearing soil
Sand/gravel
From the parameter table above the thrust equals:
4.36 x 120/10 = 52.36kN
insufficient to withstand such forces and it becomes
necessary to use thrust blocks if the pipes have
The safe bearing load of sand. Gravel = 150 kPa
rubber ring joints.
The size of the bearing area of the thrust block is
determined by the bearing capacity of the particular
The bearing area of the thrust block
= 52.36/150 = 0.35m2
type of soil into which the pipe is installed and by the
diameter and operating pressure of the pipeline.
When cover is less than 600mm it may be necessary
The thrust block bearing surface dimension should
be 0.6m x 0.6m = 0.36m3
to take further precautions to prevent vertical
movement due o thrust . if the pipeline to be pressure
tested at a pressure higher than working pressure
then thrust block design must allow for this pressure.
The tables below along with the supplied example,
provide a guide to determine thrust block sizes
26
Flow Considerations
The table that follow provide a guide to friction losses that can be expected when using clean
Hydro- wall (uPVC) and Aqua – wall (mPVC) pressure pipes with clean water at 20 ˚C, possible
fittings in line was not taken into account.
How to read these charts
· Choose the particular chart for the type (uPVC or mPVC) and class of pip being used.
· In one of the first three columns find the nearest value of the quantity of water to be pumped
according to the proffered unit of measurement.
· GPH = Gallons per hour
· M/hr = Cubic meters per hour
· I/s = Litres per second.
· Align the selected reading horizontally to the light green shaded values. The value in the
shaded block is the friction loss ( expressed in meters per 100 metres) for the size of pipe
given at the top of that particular column.
· The reverse sequence can be used to determine the amount of water that can be pumped
through a given pipe size ( and how much friction loss is created.
27
uPVC Class 4
Outside Diameter (mm)
50
63
75
Wall Thickness (mm)
1.5
1.5
1.5
Inside Diameter (mm)
47.0 60.0 72.0
G.P.H.
m3/hr.
l/s.
396
1.8
0.5 0.29 0.09 0.04
792
3.6
1 0.98 0.30 0.13
1584
7.2
2 3.33 1.04 0.43
2376
10.8
3 6.82 2.13 0.89
3168
14.4
4 11.35 3.54 1.48
3960
18
5 16.84 5.25 2.20
4752
21.6
6
7.26 3.04
5544
25.2
7
9.53 3.99
6336
28.8
8
12.07 5.06
7128
32.4
9
6.23
7920
36
10
7.51
9504
43.2
12
10.37
11088
50.4
14
12672
57.6
16
14256
64.8
18
15840
72
20
17424
79.2
22
19008
86.4
24
20592
93.6
26
22176
100.8
28
23760
108
30
25344
115.2
32
26928
122.4
34
28512
129.6
36
30096
136.8
38
31680
144
40
35640
162
45
39600
180
50
43560
198
55
47520
216
60
51480
234
65
55440
252
70
59400
270
75
63360
288
80
71280
324
90
79200
360
100
87120
396
110
95040
432
120
102960
468
130
110880
504
140
118800
540
150
126720
576
160
134640
612
170
142560
648
180
150480
684
190
158400
720
200
166320
756
210
174240
792
220
182160
828
230
190080
864
240
198000
900
250
205920
936
260
213840
972
270
221760
1008
280
229680
1044
290
237600
1080
300
245520
1116
310
253440
1152
320
261360
1188
330
269280
1224
340
277200
1260
350
285120
1296
360
293040
1332
370
300960
1368
380
308880
1404
390
316800
1440
400
332640
1512
420
348480
1584
440
364320
1656
460
380160
1728
480
396000
1800
500
90
110
125
140
160
200
250
315
355
400
450
500
1.8
2.2
2.5
2.8
3.2
3.9
4.9
6.2
7.0
7.9
8.9
9.8
86.4 105.6 120.0 134.4 153.6 192.2 240.2 302.6 341.0 384.2 432.2 480.4
0.18
0.37
0.62
0.92
1.27
1.67
2.12
2.61
3.15
4.35
5.71
7.23
0.14
0.24
0.35
0.49
0.64
0.81
1.00
1.21
1.67
2.19
2.78
3.42
4.12
4.88
5.69
6.56
Notes:
1.
The colour coding represents the approximate velocity of the
water in the size of pipe chosen.
2.
If two or more size columns have the same colouring then there
is a choice of suitable sizes each with its own friction loss value.
3.
The range of velocities (metres per second)represented by the
colours is as follows:
0.19
0.27
0.35
0.44
0.55
0.66
0.91
1.19
1.51
1.86
2.24
2.65
3.09
3.56
4.06
4.59
5.15
0.11
0.15
0.20
0.26
0.32
0.38
0.53
0.69
0.88
1.08
1.30
1.54
1.80
2.08
2.37
2.67
3.00
3.34
3.69
4.06
4.45
0.08
0.11
0.14
0.17
0.20
0.28
0.37
0.46
0.57
0.69
0.82
0.95
1.10
1.25
1.41
1.59
1.77
1.95
2.15
2.35
2.90
3.49
4.14
0.06
0.07
0.10
0.13
0.16
0.20
0.24
0.28
0.33
0.38
0.43
0.49
0.54
0.61
0.67
0.74
0.81
0.99
1.20
1.42
1.66
1.91
2.17
2.46
2.75
0.04
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.21
0.23
0.25
0.28
0.34
0.41
0.49
0.57
0.66
0.75
0.85
0.95
1.17
1.41
1.67
1.95
2.25
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.14
0.16
0.19
0.22
0.25
0.28
0.32
0.39
0.47
0.56
0.65
0.75
0.85
0.96
1.08
1.20
1.33
1.46
1.60
1.74
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.22
0.27
0.31
0.37
0.42
0.48
0.54
0.61
0.68
0.75
0.83
0.91
0.99
1.07
1.16
1.25
1.34
1.44
1.54
Colour Code
Unshaded data above Yellow
Yellow
LightGreen
DarkGreen
Orange
Unshaded data below Orange
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.15
0.18
0.21
0.24
0.27
0.31
0.35
0.38
0.43
0.47
0.51
0.56
0.61
0.66
0.71
0.76
0.82
0.87
0.93
0.99
1.05
1.11
1.18
1.24
1.31
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.22
0.24
0.27
0.29
0.32
0.35
0.37
0.40
0.43
0.46
0.50
0.53
0.56
0.60
0.63
0.67
0.71
0.75
0.79
0.83
0.87
0.91
0.95
1.00
1.09
Velocity - m/s
>0.3 and <0.5
0.50 to 0.99
1.00 to 1.45
1.50 to 1.99
2.00 to 2.49
>2.5 and <3.0
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.15
0.16
0.18
0.19
0.21
0.23
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.30
0.32
0.34
0.36
0.38
0.41
0.43
0.45
0.48
0.50
0.52
0.55
0.58
0.60
0.66
0.71
0.77
0.83
0.89
Comments
Nominal bore excessive
Smaller pipe diameter may be more suitable
Acceptable
Acceptable
Larger pipe diameter may be more suitable
Nominal bore too small
28
uPVC Class 6
40
50
63
Wall Thickness (mm)
1.5
1.8
1.9
37.0 46.4 59.2
G.P.H.
m3/hr.
l/s.
396
1.8
0.5 0.90 0.30 0.10
792
3.6
1 3.05 1.04 0.32
1584
7.2
2 10.41 3.54 1.11
2376
10.8
3
7.25 2.27
3168
14.4
4
12.06 3.77
3960
18
5
5.60
4752
21.6
6
7.74
5544
25.2
7
10.16
6336
28.8
8
12.87
7128
32.4
9
7920
36
10
9504
43.2
12
11088
50.4
14
12672
57.6
16
14256
64.8
18
15840
72
20
17424
79.2
22
19008
86.4
24
20592
93.6
26
22176
100.8
28
23760
108
30
25344
115.2
32
26928
122.4
34
28512
129.6
36
30096
136.8
38
31680
144
40
35640
162
45
39600
180
50
43560
198
55
47520
216
60
51480
234
65
55440
252
70
59400
270
75
63360
288
80
71280
324
90
79200
360
100
87120
396
110
95040
432
120
102960
468
130
110880
504
140
118800
540
150
126720
576
160
134640
612
170
142560
648
180
150480
684
190
158400
720
200
166320
756
210
174240
792
220
182160
828
230
190080
864
240
198000
900
250
205920
936
260
213840
972
270
221760
1008
280
229680
1044
290
237600
1080
300
245520
1116
310
253440
1152
320
261360
1188
330
269280
1224
340
277200
1260
350
285120
1296
360
293040
1332
370
300960
1368
380
308880
1404
390
316800
1440
400
332640
1512
420
348480
1584
440
364320
1656
460
380160
1728
480
396000
1800
500
75
2.2
70.6
0.14
0.48
0.98
1.63
2.42
3.34
4.39
5.56
6.84
8.25
90
110
125
140
160
200
250
315
355
400
450
500
2.7
2.2
2.5
2.8
3.2
3.9
4.9
6.2
7.0
7.8 10.6 11.8
84.6 105.6 120.0 134.4 153.6 192.2 240.2 302.6 341.0 384.4 428.8 476.4
0.20
0.41
0.69
1.02
1.41
1.85
2.34
2.89
3.48
4.81
6.31
8.00
0.07
0.14
0.24
0.35
0.49
0.64
0.81
1.00
1.21
1.67
2.19
2.78
3.42
4.12
4.88
5.69
6.56
0.08
0.13
0.19
0.27
0.35
0.44
0.55
0.66
0.91
1.19
1.51
1.86
2.24
2.65
3.09
3.56
4.06
4.59
5.15
0.08
0.11
0.15
0.20
0.26
0.32
0.38
0.53
0.69
0.88
1.08
1.30
1.54
1.80
2.08
2.37
2.67
3.00
3.34
3.69
4.06
4.45
0.06
0.08
0.11
0.14
0.17
0.20
0.28
0.37
0.46
0.57
0.69
0.82
0.95
1.10
1.25
1.41
1.59
1.77
1.95
2.15
2.35
2.90
3.49
4.14
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.10
0.13
0.16
0.20
0.24
0.28
0.33
0.38
0.43
0.49
0.54
0.61
0.67
0.74
0.81
0.99
1.20
1.42
1.66
1.91
2.17
2.46
2.75
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.21
0.23
0.25
0.28
0.34
0.41
0.49
0.57
0.66
0.75
0.85
0.95
1.17
1.41
1.67
1.95
2.25
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.14
0.16
0.19
0.22
0.25
0.28
0.32
0.39
0.47
0.56
0.65
0.75
0.85
0.96
1.08
1.20
1.33
1.46
1.60
1.74
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.22
0.27
0.31
0.37
0.42
0.48
0.54
0.61
0.68
0.75
0.83
0.91
0.99
1.07
1.16
1.25
1.34
1.44
1.54
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.15
0.18
0.21
0.24
0.27
0.31
0.34
0.38
0.42
0.47
0.51
0.56
0.61
0.65
0.71
0.76
0.81
0.87
0.93
0.99
1.05
1.11
1.17
1.24
1.31
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.23
0.25
0.28
0.30
0.33
0.36
0.39
0.42
0.45
0.48
0.52
0.55
0.59
0.62
0.66
0.70
0.74
0.78
0.82
0.86
0.90
0.95
0.99
1.03
1.13
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.15
0.17
0.18
0.20
0.22
0.24
0.25
0.27
0.29
0.31
0.33
0.35
0.38
0.40
0.42
0.45
0.47
0.49
0.52
0.55
0.57
0.60
0.63
0.68
0.74
0.80
0.86
0.93
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
29
uPVC Class 9
32
40
50
63
Wall Thickness (mm)
1.5
1.8
2.2
2.7
29.0 36.4 45.6 57.6
G.P.H.
m3/hr.
l/s.
396
1.8
0.5 2.86 0.97 0.33 0.11
792
3.6
1 9.76 3.30 1.13 0.37
1584
7.2
2 33.29 11.26 3.84 1.26
2376
10.8
3
23.08 7.88 2.58
3168
14.4
4
13.11 4.30
3960
18
5
6.38
4752
21.6
6
8.82
5544
25.2
7
11.58
6336
28.8
8
7128
32.4
9
7920
36
10
9504
43.2
12
11088
50.4
14
12672
57.6
16
14256
64.8
18
15840
72
20
17424
79.2
22
19008
86.4
24
20592
93.6
26
22176
100.8
28
23760
108
30
25344
115.2
32
26928
122.4
34
28512
129.6
36
30096
136.8
38
31680
144
40
35640
162
45
39600
180
50
43560
198
55
47520
216
60
51480
234
65
55440
252
70
59400
270
75
63360
288
80
71280
324
90
79200
360
100
87120
396
110
95040
432
120
102960
468
130
110880
504
140
118800
540
150
126720
576
160
134640
612
170
142560
648
180
150480
684
190
158400
720
200
166320
756
210
174240
792
220
182160
828
230
190080
864
240
198000
900
250
205920
936
260
213840
972
270
221760
1008
280
229680
1044
290
237600
1080
300
245520
1116
310
253440
1152
320
261360
1188
330
269280
1224
340
277200
1260
350
285120
1296
360
293040
1332
370
300960
1368
380
308880
1404
390
316800
1440
400
332640
1512
420
348480
1584
440
364320
1656
460
380160
1728
480
396000
1800
500
75
3.2
68.6
0.05
0.16
0.55
1.12
1.87
2.77
3.83
5.03
6.37
7.85
9.46
Colour Code
Yellow
Light Green
Dark Green
Orange
90
110
125
140
160
200
250
315
355
400
450
500
3.9
3.9
4.4
4.9
5.6
7.0
8.7 11.0 12.4 14.0 15.7 17.4
82.2 102.2 116.2 130.2 148.8 186.0 232.6 293.0 330.2 372.0 418.6 465.2
0.07
0.23
0.47
0.79
1.17
1.62
2.12
2.69
3.31
3.99
5.51
7.24
0.08
0.17
0.28
0.41
0.57
0.75
0.95
1.17
1.41
1.95
2.56
3.25
4.00
4.82
5.70
6.65
Velocity - m/s
>0.3and<0.5
0.50 to 0.99
1.00 to 1.45
1.50 to 1.99
2.00 to 2.49
>2.5 and <3.0
0.04
0.09
0.15
0.22
0.31
0.41
0.52
0.64
0.77
1.06
1.39
1.76
2.17
2.61
3.09
3.61
4.16
4.74
5.35
0.03
0.05
0.09
0.13
0.18
0.24
0.30
0.37
0.45
0.61
0.81
1.02
1.26
1.52
1.80
2.10
2.42
2.75
3.11
3.49
3.88
4.30
4.73
5.18
0.03
0.05
0.07
0.10
0.13
0.16
0.2
0.24
0.33
0.43
0.54
0.67
0.80
0.95
1.11
1.28
1.46
1.65
1.84
2.05
2.27
2.50
2.74
3.37
4.06
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.07
0.08
0.11
0.15
0.19
0.23
0.28
0.33
0.38
0.44
0.50
0.57
0.64
0.71
0.78
0.86
0.94
1.16
1.40
1.66
1.94
2.23
2.54
2.87
3.22
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.20
0.22
0.24
0.27
0.30
0.33
0.40
0.48
0.57
0.67
0.77
0.88
0.99
1.11
1.37
1.65
1.95
2.27
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.13
0.16
0.19
0.22
0.26
0.29
0.33
0.37
0.45
0.55
0.65
0.76
0.87
0.99
1.12
1.26
1.40
1.55
1.70
1.87
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.14
0.16
0.19
0.21
0.26
0.31
0.37
0.43
0.49
0.56
0.63
0.71
0.79
0.88
0.96
1.06
1.15
1.25
1.35
1.46
1.57
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.12
0.15
0.18
0.21
0.24
0.28
0.32
0.36
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.55
0.60
0.65
0.71
0.77
0.83
0.89
0.95
1.02
1.08
1.15
1.23
1.30
1.37
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.23
0.26
0.28
0.31
0.34
0.37
0.40
0.44
0.47
0.51
0.54
0.58
0.62
0.66
0.70
0.74
0.78
0.83
0.87
0.92
0.96
1.01
1.06
1.11
1.16
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.21
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.31
0.33
0.35
0.37
0.40
0.42
0.45
0.47
0.50
0.53
0.55
0.58
0.61
0.64
0.67
0.70
0.76
0.83
0.90
0.97
1.04
Comments
Acceptable
Acceptable
30
uPVC Class12
25
32
40
50
63
75
Wall Thickness (mm)
1.5
1.8
2.3
2.8
3.6
4.3
22.0 28.4 35.4 44.4 55.8 66.4
G.P.H.
m3/hr.
l/s.
158
0.7
0.2 2.11 0.62 0.22 0.07
238
1.1
0.3 4.33 1.28 0.45 0.15 0.05
317
1.4
0.4 7.20 2.13 0.74 0.25 0.08 0.04
396
1.8
0.5 10.69 3.16 1.11 0.38 0.13 0.06
792
3.6
1 36.46 10.78 3.77 1.28 0.43 0.19
1584
7.2
2
12.86 4.36 1.47 0.64
2376
10.8
3
8.95 3.01 1.31
3168
14.4
4
14.89 5.00 2.18
3960
18
5
7.43 3.24
4752
21.6
6
10.26 4.47
5544
25.2
7
13.47 5.88
6336
28.8
8
7.45
7128
32.4
9
9.17
7920
36
10
11.05
9504
43.2
12
11088
50.4
14
12672
57.6
16
14256
64.8
18
15840
72
20
17424
79.2
22
19008
86.4
24
20592
93.6
26
22176
100.8
28
23760
108
30
25344
115.2
32
26928
122.4
34
28512
129.6
36
30096
136.8
38
31680
144
40
35640
162
45
39600
180
50
43560
198
55
47520
216
60
51480
234
65
55440
252
70
59400
270
75
63360
288
80
71280
324
90
79200
360
100
87120
396
110
95040
432
120
102960
468
130
110880
504
140
118800
540
150
126720
576
160
134640
612
170
142560
648
180
150480
684
190
158400
720
200
166320
756
210
174240
792
220
182160
828
230
190080
864
240
198000
900
250
205920
936
260
213840
972
270
221760
1008
280
229680
1044
290
237600
1080
300
245520
1116
310
253440
1152
320
261360
1188
330
269280
1224
340
277200
285120
293040
300960
308880
316800
332640
348480
364320
380160
396000
1260
1296
1332
1368
1404
1440
1512
1584
1656
1728
1800
350
360
370
380
390
400
420
440
460
480
500
90
5.1
79.8
0.02
0.08
0.27
0.55
0.91
1.35
1.86
2.45
3.10
3.82
4.60
6.35
8.34
110
125
140
160
200
250
315
355
400
450
500
5.1
5.8
6.5
7.4
9.2 11.5 14.5 16.3 18.4 20.7 22.9
99.8 113.4 127.0 145.2 181.6 227.0 286.0 322.4 363.2 408.6 454.2
0.03
0.09
0.19
0.31
0.46
0.64
0.84
1.07
1.31
1.58
2.18
2.87
3.64
4.48
5.40
6.39
0.05
0.10
0.17
0.25
0.35
0.46
0.58
0.71
0.86
1.19
1.56
1.98
2.43
2.93
3.47
4.05
4.67
5.32
6.01
0.03
0.06
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.27
0.34
0.42
0.50
0.69
0.91
1.15
1.42
1.71
2.02
2.36
2.72
3.10
3.50
3.93
4.37
4.84
0.03
0.05
0.08
0.11
0.14
0.18
0.22
0.26
0.37
0.48
0.61
0.75
0.90
1.07
1.25
1.44
1.64
1.85
2.07
2.31
2.55
2.81
3.08
3.79
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.09
0.13
0.17
0.21
0.26
0.31
0.37
0.43
0.49
0.56
0.64
0.71
0.79
0.88
0.97
1.06
1.30
1.57
1.86
2.17
2.50
2.85
3.22
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.22
0.25
0.27
0.30
0.33
0.37
0.45
0.54
0.64
0.75
0.86
0.98
1.11
1.25
1.53
1.85
2.19
2.55
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.15
0.18
0.21
0.25
0.29
0.33
0.37
0.41
0.51
0.61
0.73
0.85
0.98
1.11
1.26
1.41
1.57
1.74
1.91
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.21
0.23
0.29
0.35
0.41
0.48
0.55
0.63
0.71
0.80
0.89
0.98
1.08
1.18
1.29
1.40
1.51
1.63
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.13
0.16
0.20
0.23
0.27
0.31
0.36
0.40
0.45
0.50
0.56
0.61
0.67
0.73
0.79
0.86
0.93
0.99
1.07
1.14
1.22
1.29
1.37
1.46
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.18
0.20
0.23
0.26
0.29
0.32
0.35
0.38
0.42
0.45
0.49
0.53
0.57
0.61
0.65
0.69
0.74
0.78
0.83
0.88
0.93
0.98
1.03
1.08
1.13
1.19
1.25
1.30
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.17
0.19
0.21
0.23
0.25
0.27
0.30
0.32
0.34
0.37
0.39
0.42
0.45
0.47
0.50
0.53
0.56
0.59
0.62
0.65
0.69
0.72
0.75
0.79
0.86
0.93
1.01
1.09
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
31
uPVC Class 16
20
25
32
40
50
63
75
Wall Thickness (mm)
1.5
1.9
2.4
3.0
3.7
4.7
5.6
17.0 21.2 27.2 34.0 42.6 53.6 63.8
G.P.H.
m3/hr.
l/s.
158
0.7
0.2 7.22 2.52 0.77 0.26 0.09 0.03
238
1.1
0.3 14.80 5.16 1.57 0.54 0.19 0.06 0.03
317
1.4
0.4 24.63 8.59 2.62 0.90 0.31 0.10 0.04
396
1.8
0.5 36.57 12.76 3.89 1.34 0.46 0.15 0.07
792
3.6
1
43.50 13.25 4.57 1.56 0.52 0.23
1584
7.2
2
15.59 5.32 1.78 0.77
2376
10.8
3
10.90 3.64 1.59
3168
14.4
4
18.13 6.06 2.64
3960
18.0
5
9.00 3.92
4752
21.6
6
12.43 5.41
5544
25.2
7
7.11
6336
28.8
8
9.01
7128
32.4
9
11.10
7920
36
10
9504
43.2
12
11088
50.4
14
12672
57.6
16
14256
64.8
18
15840
72
20
17424
79.2
22
19008
86.4
24
20592
93.6
26
22176
100.8
28
23760
108
30
25344
115.2
32
26928
122.4
34
28512
129.6
36
30096
136.8
38
31680
144
40
35640
162
45
39600
180
50
43560
198
55
47520
216
60
51480
234
65
55440
252
70
59400
270
75
63360
288
80
71280
324
90
79200
360
100
87120
396
110
95040
432
120
102960
468
130
110880
504
140
118800
540
150
126720
576
160
134640
612
170
142560
648
180
150480
684
190
158400
720
200
166320
756
210
174240
792
220
182160
828
230
190080
864
240
198000
900
250
205920
936
260
213840
972
270
221760
1008
280
229680
1044
290
237600
1080
300
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
90
6.7
76.6
0.03
0.09
0.32
0.66
1.10
1.64
2.26
2.97
3.77
4.64
5.59
7.72
110
125
140
160
200
250
315
355
400
6.7
7.6
8.5
9.7 12.1 15.1
19 21.4 24.1
96.6 109.8 123.0 140.6 175.8 219.8 277.0 312.2 351.8
0.03
0.11
0.22
0.37
0.54
0.75
0.98
1.25
1.53
1.85
2.55
3.35
4.25
5.23
6.30
0.06
0.12
0.20
0.29
0.41
0.53
0.68
0.83
1.00
1.39
1.82
2.31
2.84
3.42
4.05
4.73
5.44
6.21
0.03
0.07
0.12
0.17
0.24
0.31
0.39
0.48
0.58
0.81
1.06
1.34
1.65
1.99
2.36
2.75
3.17
3.61
4.08
4.58
5.09
0.04
0.06
0.09
0.12
0.16
0.21
0.26
0.31
0.43
0.56
0.71
0.87
1.05
1.25
1.45
1.67
1.91
2.16
2.42
2.69
2.98
3.28
3.59
4.42
Colour Code
Yellow
Light Green
Dark Green
Orange
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.11
0.15
0.19
0.24
0.30
0.36
0.43
0.50
0.58
0.66
0.74
0.83
0.93
1.03
1.13
1.24
1.52
1.83
2.17
2.53
2.92
3.33
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.15
0.17
0.20
0.23
0.26
0.29
0.32
0.35
0.39
0.43
0.52
0.63
0.75
0.87
1.01
1.15
1.30
1.45
1.79
2.16
2.55
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.17
0.21
0.25
0.29
0.33
0.38
0.43
0.48
0.59
0.72
0.85
0.99
1.14
1.30
1.47
1.64
1.83
2.02
Velocity - m/s
>0.3and<0.5
0.50 to 0.99
1.00 to 1.45
1.50 to 1.99
2.00 to 2.49
>2.5 and <3.0
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.19
0.22
0.24
0.27
0.34
0.40
0.48
0.56
0.64
0.73
0.83
0.93
1.03
1.14
1.26
1.38
1.50
1.63
1.77
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.15
0.19
0.23
0.27
0.32
0.36
0.41
0.47
0.53
0.59
0.65
0.71
0.78
0.85
0.92
1.00
1.08
1.16
1.24
1.33
1.42
1.51
Comments
Acceptable
Acceptable
32
uPVC Class 20
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
75
Wall Thickness (mm)
1.5
1.9
2.3
2.9
3.7
4.6
5.8
6.9
13.0 16.2 20.4 26.2 32.6 40.8 51.4 61.2
G.P.H.
m3/hr.
l/s.
79
0.4
0.1 7.61 2.67 0.89 0.27 0.09 0.03
158
0.7
0.2 25.97 9.09 3.03 0.92 0.32 0.11 0.04
238
1.1
0.3 53.23 18.63 6.20 1.88 0.66 0.23 0.08 0.03
317
1.4
0.4
31.00 10.32 3.13 1.10 0.38 0.13 0.05
396
1.8
0.5
46.02 15.32 4.65 1.64 0.56 0.19 0.08
792
3.6
1
52.26 15.84 5.59 1.92 0.64 0.28
1188
5.4
1.5
32.47 11.45 3.93 1.30 0.57
1584
7.2
2
19.05 6.53 2.17 0.94
2376
10.8
3
13.39 4.45 1.94
3168
14.4
4
7.40 3.22
3960
18.0
5
10.99 4.78
4752
21.6
6
15.18 6.60
5544
25.2
7
8.67
6336
28.8
8
10.99
7128
32.4
9
7920
36
10
9504
43.2
12
11088
50.4
14
12672
57.6
16
14256
64.8
18
15840
72
20
17424
79.2
22
19008
86.4
24
20592
93.6
26
22176
100.8
28
23760
108
30
25344
115.2
32
26928
122.4
34
28512
129.6
36
30096
136.8
38
31680
144
40
35640
162
45
39600
180
50
43560
198
55
47520
216
60
51480
234
65
55440
252
70
59400
270
75
63360
288
80
71280
324
90
79200
360
100
90
8.2
73.6
0.03
0.11
0.24
0.39
0.80
1.34
1.98
2.74
3.60
4.56
5.61
6.76
9.34
110
125
140
160
200
250
8.2
9.3 10.4 11.9 14.9 18.6
93.6 106.4 119.2 136.2 170.2 212.8
0.04
0.07
0.12
0.26
0.42
0.63
0.87
1.14
1.45
1.78
2.15
2.97
3.90
4.94
6.08
7.33
0.07
0.14
0.23
0.34
0.47
0.62
0.79
0.97
1.17
1.61
2.11
2.68
3.30
3.98
4.71
5.49
6.33
0.04
0.08
0.13
0.20
0.27
0.36
0.46
0.56
0.68
0.94
1.23
1.56
1.92
2.31
2.74
3.19
3.68
4.20
4.74
5.31
0.04
0.07
0.11
0.15
0.19
0.24
0.30
0.36
0.50
0.65
0.82
1.02
1.22
1.45
1.69
1.95
2.22
2.51
2.81
3.13
3.47
3.81
4.18
0.04
0.05
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.17
0.22
0.28
0.35
0.42
0.50
0.58
0.67
0.77
0.87
0.97
1.08
1.20
1.32
1.44
1.78
2.14
2.53
2.96
3.41
0.04
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.15
0.17
0.20
0.23
0.26
0.30
0.33
0.37
0.41
0.45
0.50
0.61
0.74
0.87
1.02
1.17
1.34
1.51
1.70
2.09
2.52
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
33
mPVC Class 6
Wall Thickness (mm)
G.P.H.
m3/hr.
l/s.
396
1.8
0.5
792
3.6
1
1584
7.2
2
2376
10.8
3
3168
14.4
4
3960
18
5
4752
21.6
6
5544
25.2
7
6336
28.8
8
7128
32.4
9
7920
36
10
9504
43.2
12
11088
50.4
14
12672
57.6
16
14256
64.8
18
15840
72
20
17424
79.2
22
19008
86.4
24
20592
93.6
26
22176
100.8
28
23760
108
30
25344
115.2
32
26928
122.4
34
28512
129.6
36
30096
136.8
38
31680
144
40
35640
162
45
39600
180
50
43560
198
55
47520
216
60
51480
234
65
55440
252
70
59400
270
75
63360
288
80
71280
324
90
79200
360
100
87120
396
110
95040
432
120
102960
468
130
110880
504
140
118800
540
150
126720
576
160
134640
612
170
142560
648
180
150480
684
190
158400
720
200
166320
756
210
174240
792
220
182160
828
230
190080
864
240
198000
900
250
205920
936
260
213840
972
270
221760
1008
280
229680
1044
290
237600
1080
300
245520
1116
310
253440
1152
320
261360
1188
330
269280
1224
340
277200
1260
350
285120
1296
360
293040
1332
370
300960
1368
380
308880
1404
390
316800
1440
400
332640
1512
420
348480
1584
440
364320
1656
460
380160
1728
480
396000
1800
500
50
1.5
47.0
63
1.5
60.0
75
1.5
72.0
0.29
0.98
3.33
6.82
11.35
16.84
0.09
0.30
1.04
2.13
3.54
5.25
7.26
9.53
12.07
0.04
0.13
0.43
0.89
1.48
2.20
3.04
3.99
5.06
6.23
7.51
10.37
90
1.8
86.4
0.05
0.18
0.37
0.62
0.92
1.27
1.67
2.12
2.61
3.15
4.35
5.71
7.23
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
110
2.2
105.6
125
2.5
120.0
0.07
0.14
0.24
0.35
0.49
0.64
0.81
1.00
1.21
1.67
2.19
2.78
3.42
4.12
4.88
5.69
6.56
0.04
0.08
0.13
0.19
0.27
0.35
0.44
0.55
0.66
0.91
1.19
1.51
1.86
2.24
2.65
3.09
3.56
4.06
4.59
5.15
140
2.8
134.4
0.05
0.08
0.11
0.15
0.20
0.26
0.32
0.38
0.53
0.69
0.88
1.08
1.30
1.54
1.80
2.08
2.37
2.67
3.00
3.34
3.69
4.06
4.45
160
3.2
153.6
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.11
0.14
0.17
0.20
0.28
0.37
0.46
0.57
0.69
0.82
0.95
1.10
1.25
1.41
1.59
1.77
1.95
2.15
2.35
2.90
3.49
4.14
200
3.9
192.2
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.10
0.13
0.16
0.20
0.24
0.28
0.33
0.38
0.43
0.49
0.54
0.61
0.67
0.74
0.81
0.99
1.20
1.42
1.66
1.91
2.17
2.46
2.75
250
4.9
240.2
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.21
0.23
0.25
0.28
0.34
0.41
0.49
0.57
0.66
0.75
0.85
0.95
1.17
1.41
1.67
1.95
2.25
Colour Code
Yellow
Light Green
Dark Green
Orange
315
6.2
302.6
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.14
0.16
0.19
0.22
0.25
0.28
0.32
0.39
0.47
0.56
0.65
0.75
0.85
0.96
1.08
1.20
1.33
1.46
1.60
1.74
355
7.0
341.0
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.22
0.27
0.31
0.37
0.42
0.48
0.54
0.61
0.68
0.75
0.83
0.91
0.99
1.07
1.16
1.25
1.34
1.44
1.54
Velocity - m/s
>0.3and<0.5
0.50 to 0.99
1.00 to 1.45
1.50 to 1.99
2.00 to 2.49
>2.5 and <3.0
400
7.8
384.4
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.15
0.18
0.21
0.24
0.27
0.31
0.34
0.38
0.42
0.47
0.51
0.56
0.61
0.65
0.71
0.76
0.81
0.87
0.93
0.99
1.05
1.11
1.17
1.24
1.31
450
8.9
432.2
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.22
0.24
0.27
0.29
0.32
0.35
0.37
0.40
0.43
0.46
0.50
0.53
0.56
0.60
0.63
0.67
0.71
0.75
0.79
0.83
0.87
0.91
0.95
1.00
1.09
1.18
500
9.9
480.2
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.15
0.16
0.18
0.19
0.21
0.23
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.30
0.32
0.34
0.36
0.38
0.41
0.43
0.45
0.48
0.50
0.53
0.55
0.58
0.60
0.66
0.71
0.77
0.83
0.90
Comments
Acceptable
Acceptable
34
mPVC Class 9
50
63
Wall Thickness (mm)
1.5
1.6
47.0 59.8
G.P.H.
m3/hr.
l/s.
396
1.8
0.5 0.29 0.09
792
3.6
1 0.98 0.31
1584
7.2
2 3.33 1.05
2376
10.8
3 6.82 2.16
3168
14.4
4 11.35 3.60
3960
18
5 16.84 5.34
4752
21.6
6
7.37
5544
25.2
7
9.68
6336
28.8
8
12.27
7128
32.4
9
7920
36
10
9504
43.2
12
11088
50.4
14
12672
57.6
16
14256
64.8
18
15840
72
20
17424
79.2
22
19008
86.4
24
20592
93.6
26
22176
100.8
28
23760
108
30
25344
115.2
32
26928
122.4
34
28512
129.6
36
30096
136.8
38
31680
144
40
35640
162
45
39600
180
50
43560
198
55
47520
216
60
51480
234
65
55440
252
70
59400
270
75
63360
288
80
71280
324
90
79200
360
100
87120
396
110
95040
432
120
102960
468
130
110880
504
140
118800
540
150
126720
576
160
134640
612
170
142560
648
180
150480
684
190
158400
720
200
166320
756
210
174240
792
220
182160
828
230
190080
864
240
198000
900
250
205920
936
260
213840
972
270
221760
1008
280
229680
1044
290
237600
1080
300
245520
1116
310
253440
1152
320
261360
1188
330
269280
1224
340
277200
1260
350
285120
1296
360
293040
1332
370
300960
1368
380
308880
1404
390
316800
1440
400
332640
1512
420
348480
1584
440
364320
1656
460
380160
1728
480
396000
1800
500
75
1.9
71.2
0.04
0.13
0.46
0.94
1.56
2.32
3.21
4.21
5.34
6.57
7.92
90
110
125
140
160
200
250
315
355
400
450
500
2.2
2.7
3.1
3.5
4.0
4.9
6.1
7.7
8.7
9.8 11.0 12.2
85.6 104.6 118.8 133.0 152.0 190.2 237.8 299.6 337.6 380.4 428.0 475.6
0.06
0.19
0.39
0.65
0.96
1.33
1.75
2.22
2.73
3.29
4.54
5.97
7.56
0.07
0.15
0.25
0.37
0.51
0.67
0.85
1.05
1.26
1.75
2.29
2.91
3.58
4.31
5.11
5.96
0.04
0.08
0.14
0.20
0.28
0.37
0.46
0.57
0.69
0.95
1.25
1.58
1.95
2.35
2.78
3.25
3.74
4.26
4.82
5.40
0.05
0.08
0.12
0.16
0.21
0.27
0.33
0.40
0.56
0.73
0.92
1.14
1.37
1.62
1.89
2.18
2.49
2.81
3.15
3.51
3.88
4.27
4.68
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.09
0.11
0.14
0.18
0.21
0.29
0.39
0.49
0.60
0.73
0.86
1.00
1.15
1.32
1.49
1.67
1.86
2.05
2.26
2.47
3.05
3.67
4.35
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.10
0.13
0.17
0.21
0.25
0.29
0.34
0.40
0.45
0.51
0.57
0.64
0.70
0.78
0.85
1.05
1.26
1.49
1.74
2.01
2.29
2.58
2.90
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.22
0.24
0.27
0.29
0.36
0.43
0.51
0.60
0.69
0.79
0.89
1.00
1.23
1.48
1.75
2.05
2.36
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.17
0.20
0.23
0.26
0.30
0.33
0.41
0.49
0.58
0.68
0.78
0.89
1.01
1.13
1.26
1.39
1.53
1.68
1.83
1.99
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.23
0.28
0.33
0.38
0.44
0.51
0.57
0.64
0.71
0.79
0.87
0.95
1.04
1.12
1.22
1.31
1.41
1.51
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.16
0.19
0.22
0.25
0.29
0.32
0.36
0.40
0.45
0.49
0.54
0.59
0.64
0.69
0.74
0.80
0.85
0.91
0.97
1.04
1.10
1.17
1.23
1.30
1.37
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.21
0.23
0.25
0.28
0.31
0.33
0.36
0.39
0.42
0.45
0.49
0.52
0.56
0.59
0.63
0.67
0.70
0.74
0.78
0.82
0.87
0.91
0.95
1.00
1.04
1.14
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.20
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.27
0.29
0.31
0.34
0.36
0.38
0.40
0.43
0.45
0.47
0.50
0.52
0.55
0.58
0.60
0.63
0.69
0.75
0.81
0.87
0.94
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
35
mPVC Class12
50
63
Wall Thickness (mm)
1.7
2.1
46.6 58.8
G.P.H.
m3/hr.
l/s.
396
1.8
0.5 0.30 0.10
792
3.6
1 1.02
0.34
1584
7.2
2 3.47 1.14
2376
10.8
3 7.10 2.34
3168
14.4
4 11.82 3.90
3960
18
5 17.54 5.79
4752
21.6
6
7.99
5544
25.2
7
10.50
6336
28.8
8
13.29
7128
32.4
9
7920
36
10
9504
43.2
12
11088
50.4
14
12672
57.6
16
14256
64.8
18
15840
72
20
17424
79.2
22
19008
86.4
24
20592
93.6
26
22176
100.8
28
23760
108
30
25344
115.2
32
26928
122.4
34
28512
129.6
36
30096
136.8
38
31680
144
40
35640
162
45
39600
180
50
43560
198
55
47520
216
60
51480
234
65
55440
252
70
59400
270
75
63360
288
80
71280
324
90
79200
360
100
87120
396
110
95040
432
120
102960
468
130
110880
504
140
118800
540
150
126720
576
160
134640
612
170
142560
648
180
150480
684
190
158400
720
200
166320
756
210
174240
792
220
182160
828
230
190080
864
240
198000
900
250
205920
936
260
213840
972
270
221760
1008
280
229680
1044
290
237600
1080
300
245520
1116
310
253440
1152
320
261360
1188
330
269280
1224
340
277200
1260
350
285120
1296
360
293040
1332
370
300960
1368
380
308880
1404
390
316800
1440
400
332640
1512
420
348480
1584
440
364320
1656
460
380160
1728
480
396000
1800
500
75
2.5
70.0
90
110
125
140
160
200
250
315
355
400
450
500
3.0
3.6
4.1
4.6
5.2
6.5
8.1 10.2 11.5 12.9 14.6 16.2
84.0 102.8 116.8 130.8 149.6 187.0 233.8 294.6 332.0 374.2 420.8 467.6
0.04
0.15
0.50
1.02
1.70
2.52
3.48
4.57
5.79
7.13
8.59
0.02
0.06
0.21
0.43
0.71
1.06
1.46
1.91
2.43
2.99
3.60
4.97
6.53
8.27
Colour Code
Yellow
Light Green
Dark Green
Orange
0.02
0.08
0.16
0.27
0.40
0.56
0.73
0.93
1.14
1.37
1.90
2.49
3.16
3.89
4.69
5.55
6.47
0.04
0.09
0.15
0.22
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.62
0.75
1.03
1.36
1.72
2.11
2.55
3.02
3.52
4.05
4.62
5.22
5.86
Velocity - m/s
>0.3and<0.5
0.50 to 0.99
1.00 to 1.45
1.50 to 1.99
2.00 to 2.49
>2.5 and <3.0
0.03
0.05
0.09
0.13
0.18
0.23
0.29
0.36
0.44
0.60
0.79
1.00
1.23
1.49
1.76
2.05
2.36
2.69
3.04
3.41
3.80
4.20
4.63
5.06
0.03
0.05
0.07
0.09
0.12
0.15
0.19
0.23
0.32
0.42
0.53
0.65
0.78
0.93
1.08
1.25
1.42
1.60
1.80
2.00
2.21
2.44
2.67
3.29
3.96
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.07
0.08
0.11
0.14
0.18
0.22
0.27
0.32
0.37
0.43
0.49
0.55
0.62
0.69
0.76
0.84
0.92
1.13
1.37
1.62
1.89
2.17
2.48
2.80
3.14
3.87
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.21
0.24
0.26
0.29
0.32
0.39
0.47
0.56
0.65
0.75
0.85
0.97
1.08
1.33
1.61
1.90
2.22
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.13
0.16
0.19
0.22
0.25
0.28
0.32
0.36
0.44
0.53
0.63
0.74
0.85
0.97
1.09
1.23
1.36
1.51
1.66
1.82
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.36
0.42
0.48
0.55
0.62
0.69
0.77
0.85
0.94
1.03
1.12
1.22
1.32
1.42
1.53
1.64
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.14
0.17
0.20
0.24
0.27
0.31
0.35
0.39
0.44
0.48
0.53
0.58
0.63
0.69
0.74
0.80
0.86
0.92
0.99
1.05
1.12
1.19
1.26
1.34
1.41
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.13
0.15
0.18
0.20
0.22
0.25
0.28
0.30
0.33
0.36
0.39
0.43
0.46
0.49
0.53
0.56
0.60
0.64
0.68
0.72
0.76
0.81
0.85
0.89
0.94
0.99
1.03
1.08
1.13
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.15
0.17
0.18
0.20
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.30
0.32
0.34
0.36
0.39
0.41
0.44
0.46
0.49
0.51
0.54
0.57
0.60
0.63
0.65
0.68
0.75
0.81
0.88
0.95
1.02
Comments
Acceptable
Acceptable
36
mPVC Class 16
50
63
Wall Thickness (mm)
2.2
2.7
45.6 57.6
G.P.H.
m3/hr.
l/s.
396
1.8
0.5 0.33 0.11
792
3.6
1 1.13 0.37
1584
7.2
2 3.84 1.26
2376
10.8
3 7.88 2.58
3168
14.4
4 13.11 4.30
3960
18
5
6.38
4752
21.6
6
8.82
5544
25.2
7
11.58
6336
28.8
8
7128
32.4
9
7920
36
10
9504
43.2
12
11088
50.4
14
12672
57.6
16
14256
64.8
18
15840
72
20
17424
79.2
22
19008
86.4
24
20592
93.6
26
22176
100.8
28
23760
108
30
25344
115.2
32
26928
122.4
34
28512
129.6
36
30096
136.8
38
31680
144
40
35640
162
45
39600
180
50
43560
198
55
47520
216
60
51480
234
65
55440
252
70
59400
270
75
63360
288
80
71280
324
90
79200
360
100
87120
396
110
95040
432
120
102960
468
130
110880
504
140
118800
540
150
126720
576
160
134640
612
170
142560
648
180
150480
684
190
158400
720
200
166320
756
210
174240
792
220
182160
828
230
190080
864
240
198000
900
250
205920
936
260
213840
972
270
221760
1008
280
229680
1044
290
237600
1080
300
245520
1116
310
253440
1152
320
261360
1188
330
269280
1224
340
277200
1260
350
285120
1296
360
293040
1332
370
300960
1368
380
308880
1404
390
316800
1440
400
332640
1512
420
348480
1584
440
364320
1656
460
380160
1728
480
396000
1800
500
75
3.2
68.6
0.05
0.16
0.55
1.12
1.87
2.77
3.83
5.03
6.37
7.85
9.46
90
110
125
140
160
200
250
315
355
400
450
500
3.9
4.7
5.4
6.0
6.9
8.6 10.7 13.4 15.2 17.1 19.2 21.3
82.2 100.6 114.2 128.0 146.2 182.8 228.6 288.2 324.6 365.8 411.6 457.4
0.07
0.23
0.47
0.79
1.17
1.62
2.12
2.69
3.31
3.99
5.51
7.24
9.17
0.03
0.09
0.18
0.30
0.45
0.62
0.81
1.03
1.26
1.52
2.10
2.76
3.50
4.31
5.19
6.15
0.05
0.10
0.16
0.24
0.34
0.44
0.56
0.69
0.83
1.15
1.51
1.91
2.35
2.84
3.36
3.92
4.51
5.15
5.82
0.03
0.06
0.10
0.14
0.20
0.26
0.33
0.40
0.48
0.67
0.88
1.11
1.37
1.65
1.95
2.27
2.62
2.99
3.37
3.78
4.21
4.66
5.13
0.03
0.05
0.08
0.10
0.14
0.17
0.21
0.26
0.35
0.46
0.59
0.72
0.87
1.03
1.21
1.39
1.58
1.79
2.01
2.23
2.47
2.72
2.98
3.67
4.42
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.12
0.16
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.36
0.42
0.48
0.55
0.62
0.69
0.77
0.85
0.94
1.03
1.26
1.52
1.80
2.10
2.42
2.76
3.12
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.19
0.21
0.24
0.26
0.29
0.32
0.35
0.44
0.52
0.62
0.72
0.83
0.95
1.07
1.20
1.48
1.79
2.12
2.47
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.14
0.17
0.21
0.24
0.28
0.31
0.36
0.40
0.49
0.59
0.70
0.82
0.94
1.07
1.21
1.36
1.51
1.68
1.84
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.23
0.28
0.34
0.40
0.46
0.53
0.61
0.69
0.77
0.86
0.95
1.05
1.15
1.25
1.36
1.47
1.58
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.13
0.16
0.19
0.22
0.26
0.30
0.34
0.39
0.44
0.49
0.54
0.59
0.65
0.71
0.77
0.83
0.89
0.96
1.03
1.10
1.17
1.25
1.33
1.41
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.20
0.22
0.25
0.28
0.31
0.34
0.37
0.40
0.44
0.47
0.51
0.55
0.59
0.63
0.67
0.71
0.76
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.94
0.99
1.04
1.10
1.15
1.20
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.12
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.19
0.20
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.29
0.31
0.33
0.35
0.38
0.40
0.43
0.46
0.48
0.51
0.54
0.57
0.60
0.63
0.66
0.69
0.73
0.76
0.83
0.90
0.97
1.05
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
37
mPVC Class 20
50
63
75
Wall Thickness (mm)
2.7
3.4
4.0
44.6 56.2 67.0
G.P.H.
m3/hr.
l/s.
396
1.8
0.5 0.37 0.12 0.05
792
3.6
1 1.25 0.42 0.18
1584
7.2
2 4.27 1.42 0.61
2376
10.8
3 8.76 2.91 1.26
3168
14.4
4 14.57 4.84 2.09
3960
18
5
7.18 3.10
4752
21.6
6
9.91 4.29
5544
25.2
7
13.02 5.63
6336
28.8
8
7.13
7128
32.4
9
8.79
7920
36
10
10.59
9504
43.2
12
11088
50.4
14
12672
57.6
16
14256
64.8
18
15840
72
20
17424
79.2
22
19008
86.4
24
20592
93.6
26
22176
100.8
28
23760
108
30
25344
115.2
32
26928
122.4
34
28512
129.6
36
30096
136.8
38
31680
144
40
35640
162
45
39600
180
50
43560
198
55
47520
216
60
51480
234
65
55440
252
70
59400
270
75
63360
288
80
71280
324
90
79200
360
100
87120
396
110
95040
432
120
102960
468
130
110880
504
140
118800
540
150
126720
576
160
134640
612
170
142560
648
180
150480
684
190
158400
720
200
166320
756
210
174240
792
220
182160
828
230
190080
864
240
198000
900
250
205920
936
260
213840
972
270
221760
1008
280
229680
1044
290
237600
1080
300
245520
1116
310
Colour Code
Yellow
Light Green
Dark Green
Orange
Velocity - m/s
>0.3and<0.5
0.50 to 0.99
1.00 to 1.45
1.50 to 1.99
2.00 to 2.49
>2.5 and <3.0
90
4.8
80.4
110
125
140
160
200
250
315
355
400
5.8
6.6
7.4
8.5 10.6 13.2 16.6 18.7 21.1
98.4 111.8 125.2 143.0 178.8 223.6 281.8 317.6 357.8
0.08
0.26
0.53
0.88
1.30
1.80
2.36
2.99
3.68
4.44
6.13
8.05
0.03
0.10
0.20
0.33
0.50
0.69
0.90
1.14
1.40
1.69
2.34
3.07
3.89
4.79
5.77
6.83
0.05
0.11
0.18
0.27
0.37
0.49
0.62
0.76
0.92
1.27
1.67
2.12
2.61
3.14
3.72
4.34
5.00
5.70
0.03
0.06
0.11
0.16
0.22
0.29
0.36
0.45
0.54
0.74
0.97
1.23
1.52
1.83
2.17
2.53
2.91
3.32
3.75
4.20
4.68
5.18
0.03
0.06
0.08
0.12
0.15
0.19
0.24
0.28
0.39
0.52
0.65
0.81
0.97
1.15
1.34
1.54
1.76
1.99
2.23
2.48
2.75
3.02
3.31
4.08
4.91
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.07
0.08
0.10
0.14
0.18
0.23
0.28
0.33
0.40
0.46
0.53
0.61
0.69
0.77
0.86
0.95
1.04
1.14
1.40
1.69
2.00
2.34
2.69
3.07
3.47
3.89
0.03
0.03
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.21
0.24
0.26
0.29
0.33
0.36
0.39
0.48
0.58
0.69
0.80
0.93
1.06
1.19
1.34
1.65
1.99
2.35
2.74
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.16
0.19
0.23
0.27
0.31
0.35
0.40
0.44
0.55
0.66
0.78
0.91
1.05
1.20
1.35
1.51
1.69
1.87
2.05
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.06
0.07
0.07
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.20
0.22
0.25
0.31
0.37
0.44
0.51
0.59
0.68
0.76
0.86
0.95
1.05
1.16
1.27
1.39
1.50
1.63
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.13
0.14
0.18
0.21
0.25
0.29
0.34
0.38
0.43
0.48
0.54
0.60
0.66
0.72
0.78
0.85
0.92
0.99
1.07
1.14
1.22
1.31
1.39
1.47
Comments
Acceptable
Acceptable
38
mPVC CLASS 25
50
63
75
Wall Thickness (mm)
3.3
4.1
4.9
43.4 54.8 65.2
G.P.H.
m3/hr.
l/s.
396
1.8
0.5 0.42 0.14 0.06
792
3.6
1 1.43 0.47 0.20
1584
7.2
2 4.87 1.60 0.70
2376
10.8
3 9.97 3.28 1.43
3168
14.4
4 16.59 5.46 2.38
3960
18
5
8.10 3.53
4752
21.6
6
11.18 4.88
5544
25.2
7
14.69 6.41
6336
28.8
8
8.12
7128
32.4
9
10.00
7920
36
10
9504
43.2
12
11088
50.4
14
12672
57.6
16
14256
64.8
18
15840
72
20
17424
79.2
22
19008
86.4
24
20592
93.6
26
22176
100.8
28
23760
108
30
25344
115.2
32
26928
122.4
34
28512
129.6
36
30096
136.8
38
31680
144
40
35640
162
45
39600
180
50
43560
198
55
47520
216
60
51480
234
65
55440
252
70
59400
270
75
63360
288
80
71280
324
90
79200
360
100
87120
396
110
95040
432
120
90
5.9
78.2
0.03
0.09
0.29
0.60
1.00
1.48
2.05
2.69
3.41
4.20
5.06
6.99
9.19
110
125
140
160
200
250
7.2
8.2
9.1 10.4 13.0 16.3
95.6 108.6 121.8 139.2 174.0 217.4
0.03
0.11
0.23
0.38
0.57
0.79
1.03
1.31
1.61
1.94
2.68
3.52
4.46
5.50
6.62
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
0.06
0.13
0.21
0.31
0.43
0.56
0.71
0.88
1.06
1.46
1.92
2.43
2.99
3.61
4.27
4.98
5.74
0.04
0.07
0.12
0.18
0.25
0.33
0.41
0.51
0.61
0.84
1.11
1.41
1.73
2.09
2.47
2.88
3.32
3.79
4.28
4.79
5.34
0.04
0.06
0.09
0.13
0.17
0.22
0.27
0.32
0.45
0.59
0.74
0.92
1.10
1.31
1.52
1.76
2.00
2.26
2.54
2.82
3.12
3.44
3.76
4.64
0.03
0.05
0.06
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.15
0.20
0.26
0.32
0.38
0.45
0.53
0.61
0.69
0.78
0.87
0.97
1.08
1.19
1.30
1.60
1.93
2.28
2.66
3.07
3.50
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.07
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.16
0.18
0.21
0.24
0.27
0.30
0.34
0.37
0.41
0.45
0.55
0.67
0.79
0.92
1.06
1.21
1.37
1.53
1.89
2.27
2.69
Colour Code
Yellow
Light Green
Dark Green
Orange
Velocity - m/s
>0.3and<0.5
0.50 to 0.99
1.00 to 1.45
1.50 to 1.99
2.00 to 2.49
>2.5 and <3.0
Comments
Acceptable
Acceptable
39
Selection of Pipe Size and Class
Nominal bore of SABS 966 Pipes(mm)
Class
4
6
9
12
16
20
25
Working Pressure kPa
400
600
900
1200
1600
2000
2500
Test Pressure 1.25 *
Pressure Class (SABS
1200) kPa
500
750
1125
1500
2000
2500
3125
uPVC
mPVC
uPVC
mPVC
uPVC
mPVC
uPVC
mPVC
uPVC
mPVC
uPVC
mPVC
uPVC
mPVC
16
13
-
13
-
13
-
13
-
13
-
13
-
-
-
20
17
-
17
-
17
-
17
-
17
-
16
-
-
-
25
22
-
22
-
22
-
22
-
21
-
20
-
-
-
32
30
-
29
-
29
-
28
-
27
-
25
-
-
-
40
38
-
37
-
36
-
35
-
34
-
32
-
-
-
50
48
-
46
47
45
47
44
46
42
45
40
44
-
43
63
60
-
59
60
57
60
55
58
53
57
51
56
-
54
75
71
-
70
72
68
71
66
70
63
68
60
66
-
65
90
85
-
84
86
82
85
79
84
76
82
72
79
-
78
110
-
-
104
105
102
104
99
102
96
100
92
98
89
95
125
-
-
119
120
116
118
113
116
109
114
104
111
101
108
140
-
-
133
134
129
133
126
130
122
127
118
124
113
121
160
-
-
152
153
148
151
144
149
139
145
134
142
129
138
200
-
-
190
192
185
190
180
186
174
182
168
178
161
173
250
-
-
237
240
231
237
225
233
218
227
210
222
201
216
315
-
-
299
302
291
299
264
293
274
287
-
280
-
-
355
-
-
337
340
328
337
320
331
309
323
-
316
-
-
400
-
-
380
384
370
379
360
373
348
364
-
356
-
-
450
-
-
427
431
416
427
405
419
-
410
-
400
-
-
500
-
-
475
479
463
474
451
466
-
455
-
444
-
-
40
PVC-UH Safeblock
Water Ball Valves
Our valve can be used mainly for; water treatment,
swimming pool, water systems, foodstuffs and
drinking water pipeline systems, low aggressive
chemical liquids etc.
General Characteristics
Single and double Union Ball Valves - compact
type - characterised by optional handling, full flow,
axial pipe load block with microadjustment of ball
seat. Moreover in closed position the pipeline can
be disconnected down stream from the valve.
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
D16 - D63
225
190
170
142
113
65
57
20
D75 - D110
0
10
20
30
40
Pressure temperature rating for water an harmless liquid
50
60
70
PSI
BAR
MAX WORKING PRESSURE
The a.m technical information should be used as a guide. Please consult our technical department for
specific requirements.
80
TORQUE
D
16-20
25
32
40
50
G
3/8" - 1/2"
3/4"
1"
1" 1/4"
1" 1/2"
Nm
0,7
2
3,5
7
9
_
_
_
_
_
_
63
75
90
110
2"
2" 1/2"
3"
4"
13
24
30
48
_
_
_
_
Max torque at max working pressure
Installation And Use
When glueing the connector of the pipe, care must
be taken to prevent the glue or solvent from coming
in contact with the valve seats or ball. Threaded
ends should not be connected with cone-shaped
male threads and the use of hemp or similar
materials should be carefully avoided. A special
attention should be paid to the correct line-up of the
installation and to the pipe length using Z distance.
Tighten the union nut hand tight only. The use of
wrench is not allowed. it is important that unions are
not used to pull the system together. If there is
leakage from the union nuts, please check the
correct line-up of the system and the pipe length.
An excessive tightening of the unions could finally break
them. Before the valve is cycled, all dirt, sand or other
material should be flushed from the system. This is to
prevent scarring of the ball and/or seats. It is important to
avoid rapid closure/opening of the valve to eliminate the
possibility of water hammer causing damage to the
pipeline. It is necessary that all installation and
maintenance personnel become familiar with the proper
solvent cement and tread joining procedure
41
Fit for Water
u-PVC Fittings
- Widest production range from 20mm - 400mm in diameter,
- Widest range of pressure settings,
- Conformity with SABS,
- All range of fittings necessary for drinking water pipelines and swimming pools applications,
- Excellent resistant against very high Chlorine contents,
- Suitable for Solvent Cement connections.
42
Fit for Water
u-PVC Valves
With our vast and many years of experience, we are the oldest and the biggest u-PVC valve producer
and supplier of Zambia.
We are delivering;
- u-PVC and PP Ball Valves from 20mm (1/2”) up to 110mm (4”) diameter,
- u-PVC Butterfly Valves frm 63mm to 400mm diameter,
- u-PVC Non-Return Valves (Checkvalves) from 20mm to 225mm,
- u-PVC Unions from 20mm to 110mm diameter.
- Special viton sealed valves for acid application,
- Guaranteed pressure resistance up to 10Bars,
- Comfirmity with the SABS,
- Excellent resistance against very high Chlorine concentrations.
43
Fit for Water
PVC Borehole Casing & Screens
Our u-PVC Casings and screen pipes are manufactured with selected PVC compounds to provide absolute non-corrosive
pipes with excellent mechanical properties. The casing and screens are threaded flush internally and externally to two
standards:
1. DIN 4925
2. ASTM F480-88 2 Tpi
Lengths are standard 3m to 6m or customised according to the client specifications.
Advantanges;
Corrosion: the chemical inertness of uPVC makes them insensitive to all forms of corrosion, thus making them excellent
products for use in Acid Mine drainage wells or high PH applications
Mechanical properties: excellent resistance to high collapse pressures, together with high tensile loads with the "DIN"
threading.
Accurate slot sizes: with our various slotting machines we are able to produce accurate slot sizes which are consistent
and therefore easily matched up to calculated flow rates which designers can use when designing systems
Cost effective: lower installed cost compared to conventional (steel) casings.
Internally and externally flush jointed: easy installation in borehole and improved flow of pumped water.
High modulus of elasticity: makes for stiffer casings and screens which can be designed for boreholes up to at least
200 m deep.
Description in (mm)
Thickness (mm)
Class (Bar)
110
5
12
110
6.5
16
125
6.5
12
125
7.5
16
140
6.5
12
140
8.5
16
160
6
9
160
7.5
12
180
7
0
180
10
0
180
12
0
200
7.5
9
200
9.5
12
250
9
9
250
12
12
44
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45
©2013
A Lamasat International Zambia Limited Publication
Lamasat International (Z) Limited
(+260 211 273142/5)
ADDRESS
Plot No. 397/0/1 | Chipwenupwenu Road Off Kafue Road | Makeni Lusaka, Zambia.
Phone: +260 211 273 142/5 | Fax: +260 211 273 141 | Email: sales@lamasat.co.zm
www.lamasat.co.zm
WebZ Designs - www.websitezambia.net

PVC Pressure Manual - Lamasat International Limited

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