Lecture 1

Transcription

Lecture 1

Civil Engineering
Krzysztof Gasz, Maciej Kruszyna, Lukasz Skotnicki
Roads, Streets and Airports
EUROPEAN UNION
EUROPEAN
SOCIAL FUND
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POTENTIAL AND ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES OF WROCŁAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Contents:
Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 2
Lecture 1: Classification. Basic terms and definitions .......................................................................... 3
Lecture 2: Prognoses and modelling of traffic ...................................................................................... 7
Lecture 3: Road’s design. Multicriteria analyses ................................................................................ 11
Lecture 4: Intersections ...................................................................................................................... 15
Lecture 5: Interchanges ...................................................................................................................... 19
Lecture 6: Traffic engineering – fundamentals................................................................................... 24
Lecture 7: Control the traffic. Signal planning .................................................................................... 27
Lecture 8: The capacity of roads and junctions .................................................................................. 36
Lecture 9: Elements of airports. Field planning .................................................................................. 41
Lecture 10: Number, length and directions of airport’s runways ........................................................ 45
Lecture 11: Street’s design ................................................................................................................... 54
Lecture 12: Planning of public transport .............................................................................................. 57
Lecture 13: The calmed traffic .............................................................................................................. 60
Lecture 14: Pedestrian and cyclists traffic ............................................................................................ 64
Lecture 15: Pavements, materials, keeping of roads ........................................................................... 68
Closure ............................................................................................................................... 71
Project co-financed by European Union within European Social Fund
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Introduction
The publication includes supporting material to the subject of "Roads, streets, airports' (RSA) for
lectures and exercises (the project). Materials from the lectures include: definitions, formulas, graphs
and other illustrations and a list of issues for the exam. Materials from the exercise (the project)
include: a description of the elements of the exercises, sample drawings, tables, graphs and formulas.
This publication is not an individual manual. The student will hear additional information on the
lectures. This applies, for example, the description of the drawings, complete definitions or formulas.
Publication system corresponds to the order of lectures. Separated 15 chapters preceded by an
introduction and summary of completed. Components of the project relate to specific lectures.
Below allocation of design elements to the lectures.
Assignment the elements of project to the lectures (→ L. ..):
Week 1.
Introduction
Week 2.
Prognoses of traffic → L2, calculation & description
Week 3.
Routing calls from city to airport, two variants → L3, drawing 1:100.000
Week 4.
Choice of variant → L3, calculation & description
Week 5.
Location plan for the selected variant → L3, drawing 1:10.000
Week 6.
Intersection location plan → L4, drawing 1:1000
Week 7.
Interchange location plan → L5, drawing 1:1000
Week 8.
Signaling project - preliminary calculations → L7, calculation & description (including
signal plan)
Week 9.
Signaling project - accommodation → L7, continuation of calculation & description
(including algorithm)
Week 10.
Evaluation of traffic conditions for the intersection → L8, calculation & description
Week 11.
Complement existing work
Week 12.
Calculate the length and direction of the runways at the airport → L10, calculation &
description
Week 13.
Airfield location plan at the airport → L9, drawing 1:10.000
Week 14.
Project summary
Week 15.
Mark
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Lecture 1: Classification. Basic terms and definitions
Public roads because of the features in the road network is divided into the following
Categories:
1) national roads;
2) The provincial roads;
3) The county roads;
4) municipal roads.
Fig 1.1: Hierarchy of Roadway Classifications [TE]
Technical Classification of roads: A, S, GP, G, Z, L, D
Highway (A) Limited access
Express (S) Limited access
Main accelerated motion (GP) Major arterial
Main (G) Major Collector
Summary (Z) Minor Collector
Local (L)
Residential (D)
Access
Demarcation lines the way
Lane road
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Tab.1.1: Typical rural and urban roadway classification system [TE]
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Way
Street
Trackway tram
Roadway
Sidewalk
Road crown
Fig.1.2: Cross section of a road (two – way)
Fig.1.3: Typical Highway Cross-Slope for Drainage [TE]
Road engineering object: bridge, tunnel, culvert or retaining structure
Bridge (flyover, overpass)
Tunnel
Culvert
Retaining structure
Road connections:
Exit
Intersection
Interchange
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Fig.1.4: Dynamic of car in motion
Road users (traffic participants):
Pedestrians
Motor vehicles (cars, trucks, buses)
Single track vehicles (bicycles, mopeds and motorcycles)
Public transport vehicles with limited freedom of movement (trams, trolleybuses)
Agricultural tractors
Horse-drawn wagons
Special vehicles
GDP: Gross Domestic Product (in Poland: PKB)
Basic parameters of traffic flow (traffic engineering section) → L6
Definitions related to the construction of airports → L9
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Lecture 2: Prognoses and modelling of traffic
Fig.2.1: Annual Vehicle- Miles Traveled in the United States (1940 – 2000) [TE]
Fig.2.2: Values to the method of GDP (polish: PKB)
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Data for the calculations relate to the forecast number of passengers the airport for specific time
horizons (tab.2.1). On their basis a number of aircraft operations (take-off, landing) and the
temporary use of traffic volume (cars) to the airport are calculated.
Tab.2.1: Example of the forecast number of passengers the airport
Transport in the year [one thousand passengers]
Year
Local
International
2010
520
200
2025
1602
483
2040
3052
1310
Signs:
P R – traffic in year [passenger]
P M - monthly traffic [passenger]
P D - daily traffic [passenger]
P G - Transportation hourly [passenger]
k - coefficient of inequality movements;
d - the conversion factor;
n - number of air operations;
m - number of seats on the aircraft;
c - coefficient of occupancy;
N - number of apron (gates);
t - time based on the platform [s].
Traffic:
PM =
PR
⋅k
12 ,
Number of air operations:
PD =
n=
PG
c⋅m ,
PM
30 ;
PG = PD ⋅ d ,
number of apron (gates):
N=
t ⋅n
60 .
Table 2.2 summarizes the number of seats in the selected aircraft
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Tab.2.2: Number of seats in particular aircrafts
Group
Manufacturer
Type
Number of seats
Small
Fokker
F 27
55
F 28
60
F 50
52
Embraer
ERJ 145
50
Aerospatiale/Alenia
ATR 42
66
ATR 72
64
Boeing
B 727
94
Fokker
F 100
107
Boeing
B 737
141
B 757
178
Airbus
A 320
179
Tupolew
Tu 154
180
Iljuszyn
Ił 62
174
Boeing
B 707
219
B 767
255
B 747 (Jumbo)
470
B 777
500
(Mc Donnel)
DC-10
410
Airbus
A 340
440
A 380
555
Medium
Large
Very large
Boeing
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An example of the growth in traffic (number) of vehicles:
Number of vehicles
380000
360000
340000
320000
300000
280000
260000
240000
220000
200000
180000
160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020
Years
Traffic (on road) to the airport:
AADT – Annual average daily traffic [vehicles] (in Poland: SDR)
AADT = Number of passengers per day * share of commuting by car / number of people in the car
Q m – Computable (abstract) hourly flow rate (number of vehicles per hour) [P/h]
Q m is 8 % to 10 % of AADT
The obtained values should be rounded to 10 P / h
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Lecture 3: Road’s design. Multi-criteria analyses
Fig.3.1: Examples of way tracking
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This project relate to connecting selected city with new airport, by tracking 2 variants of a new road –
scale 1:100.000. Teacher will select the city and airport localization. Student should take advantage
of existing roads network and reasonable connections. New road should be composed of straight
sections, curves and intermediate curves – fig. 3.2.
Fig.3.2: Two variants of a new road
Matched to established methods. It has taken into account the evaluation criteria and grading scale.
The description should result matched the score given by the scale of assessments.
Enter the number and names of the criteria. Accept the weight for each criterion. Sum of the weights
should be 1 or 100%. Adjust the grading scale (the scale of each criterion should be the same).
Ratings can be from 1 to 6, from 1 to 10 from 1 to 100 or more. Adopt rules for the assessment for
each of the criteria (in tables), so that you can assess each variant within a given criterion. In the
evaluation of design principles to keep in mind that the positive features give higher ratings and
lower negative characteristics. For example, the increase in construction costs (a negative trait)
should bear fruit in a lower assessment, and the increase in traffic safety (positive feature) - a higher
evaluation. Examples of criteria used in assessing options for the location of the airport affected area,
close down the road (wheel and rail), destroyed the village, distance from the main city, the new
road (wheel and rail).
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Fig.3.3: Marks by criteria: L or V
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Summary of evaluation and choice of options (with justification)
Summary of evaluation should be done in tables according to the following example:
Tab.3.1: Summary evaluation of variants
Variant I
Criterion:
Variant II
Weight:
Weighted
Mark
(i)
Mark
mark
Weighted
mark
K1
w1
mI 1
MI 1
mII 1
MII 1
K2
w2
mI 2
MI 2
mII 2
MII 2
K3
w3
mI 3
MI 3
mII 3
MII 3
Σ
1 (100%)
MI
MII
M = ∑ mi ⋅ wi
i
Evaluation of the options under those criteria shall be based on the description of option (section 1)
and the scale of assessments allocated within a given criterion (section 2). Weighted Score is the
product of the corresponding weight and evaluation. Rating (Multi-criteria) variant is the sum of the
weighted assessments of all criteria. This is the final assessment of the variant. The option with the
highest rating is considered the best (in the light of the method). Selecting the option to comment,
that is why he received to write the highest weighted scores (at the chosen). Not sufficient to state
that the option is selected because it received the highest score!
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Lecture 4: Intersections
Fig.4.1: Conflicts at a Typical At-Grade Intersection [TE]
Fig.4.2: Sight Triangle at an Intersection [TE]
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Fig.4.3: Geometry of intersection
Tab. 4.1. Lane width for vehicles turning left or right
Turning radius (m)
Width (m)
8
10
12
15
20
25
30
40
7,0
6,5
6,0
5,5
5,0
4,5
4,2
4,0
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Fig. 4.4: Marking of 3 legged intersection
Fig. 4.5: Scheme of 4 legged intersection
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Fig.4.6: Span-Wire Mounting of Signal Heads [TE]
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Lecture 5: Interchanges
Fig.5.1: Geometry of interchanges
Interchange – it is a road connection where at least one road passes the junction without crossing
others traffic streams. The traffic on this direction is realized by ramp or ramps.
Ramp – it is a section of the road, which permit vehicles to enter or to exit the main road and make a
turn relations, without crossing main traffic streams.
Interchanges types:
WA – collision-free, flyover or complete interchange (main traffic streams crosses on different levels.
Every turn relations are realized by the ramps, in collision-free way)
WB – partly collision-free (main traffic streams crosses on different levels. Main turn relations are
realized in collision-free way, other relations can be realized at main road grade – junctions.
WC – collision (only main traffic stream crosses on different levels. Every turn relations are realized in
junctions).
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Interchange types (number of ways)
Three-way, four-way, multi-way
Ramps types:
Directional,
Semi-directional
Non-directional
Three-way interchanges : trumpet, pear, semi-directional, directional-Y, half -clover
Fig. 5.2 : Trumpet interchange
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Fig. 5.3 : Pear interchange
Fig. 5.4 : Semi-directional type T interchange
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Fig. 5.5 : Directional Y interchange
Fig. 5.6 : Half-clover interchange
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Fig.5.7: Elements of interchange
Elements of interchange:
1 – main carriage way;
2 – access lane;
3 – exit lane;
4 – non-directional ramp;
5 – semi-directional ramp;
6 – directional ramp;
7 – weaving;
8 – flyover;
9 – emergency lane.
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Lecture 6: Traffic engineering – fundamentals
Basic parameters of traffic flow:
Volume of traffic Q [P / h], [E / h]
Traffic density k [P / km]
Traffic intensity q [P / s]
Traffic speed [m / s] [km / h]
Capacity C [P / h], [E / h]
Directional Structure
Fig.6.1: Relationships Among Flow, Speed and Density [TE]
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AADT (Average annual daily traffic)
AAWT (Average annual weekday traffic)
ADT (Average daily traffic)
AWT (Average weekday traffic)
Fig.6.2: Typical Daily Volume Variation Patterns [TE]
PHF (Peak hour factor)
Spacing
Headway
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Fig.6.3: Typical Monthly Variation Patterns [TE]
Fig.6.4: An Intersection Flow Diagram [TE]
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Lecture 7: Control the traffic. Signal planning
Fig.7.1: Signalization Options at T-Intersections [TE]
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Fig. 7.2: Scheme of the intersection and traffic volumes
Fig. 7.3: Motion trajectiories and collision points
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Calculation of signal timing
tm = t ż + te − td
te =
td =
se + l p
ve
sd
+1
vd
td =
2 ⋅ (s d + 1,5)
a
Evacuation speed – 50 km/h, arrival speed on the major road – 70 km/h, arrival speed on the minor
road – 50 km/h.
Tab. 7.1: Calculation of yellow and all-red timing
Evac.
gr.
Arriv.
gr
tż
se
ve
lp
te
sd
vd
td
tm*
tm
K1
K4
3
26
13,9
10
2,6
25
13,9
2,8
2,8
3
K2
K4
3
16
13,9
10
1,9
10
13,9
1,7
3,2
4
K2
K5
3
30
13,9
10
2,9
17
19,4
1,9
4,0
4
K2
K6
3
15
13,9
10
1,8
14
19,4
1,7
3,1
4
K3
K6
3
19
13,9
10
2,1
30
19,4
2,5
2,5
3
K4
K1
3
25
13,9
10
2,5
26
19,4
2,3
3,2
4
K4
K2
3
10
13,9
10
1,4
16
19,4
1,8
2,6
3
K4
K6
3
11
13,9
10
1,5
13
19,4
1,7
2,8
3
K5
K2
3
17
13,9
10
1,9
30
19,4
2,5
2,4
3
K6
K2
3
14
13,9
10
1,7
15
19,4
1,8
3,0
3
K6
K3
3
30
13,9
10
2,9
19
13,9
2,4
3,5
4
K6
K4
3
13
13,9
10
1,7
11
13,9
1,8
2,9
3
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Tab. 7.2: Yellow and all-red timing matrix
K1
K2
K3
K4
K1
3
K2
4
K5
K6
4
4
K3
K4
3
4
3
K5
3
K6
3
3
4
3
Fig. 7.4: Signal phasing
Signaling parameters
•
Cycle length – assumed Tc = 80s
•
Yellow time after I phase - t mI = 4s
•
Yellow time after II phase - t mII = 4s
•
Yellow time after III phase - t mIII = 4s
•
Lost time - t 0 = 12s
•
Green time - t z = 80 − 12 = 68s
•
Maximum traffic volume in phase I - Q I = max{620, 560} = 620 veh / h
•
Maximum traffic volume in phase II - Q II = max{150, 170} = 170 veh / h
•
Maximum traffic volume in phase III - Q III = max{50, 80} = 80 veh / h
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•
Sum of traffic volumes - Q = 620 + 170 + 80 = 870 veh / h
•
Share of I phase -
Q I 620
=
= 0,71
Q 870
•
Share of II phase -
Q II 170
=
= 0,20
Q
870
•
Share of III phase -
Q III
80
=
= 0,09
Q
870
•
Length of I phase - t zI = 0,71 ⋅ 68 = 48s ⇒ assumed t zI = 47 s
•
Length of II phase - t zII = 0,20 ⋅ 68 = 14s ⇒ assumed t zII = 13s
•
Length of III phase - t zIII = 0,09 ⋅ 68 = 6s ⇒ assumed t zIII = 8s
Fig. 7.5: Signal Phase Plan
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Fig. 7.6: Scheme of the intersection and location of the detectors
Fig. 7.7: Phases transition
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Fig. 7.8: Algorithm of accommodation
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Fig.7.9: Program P0
Fig.7.10: Programs P1 and P2
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Fig.7.11: Programs P3 and P4
Fig.7.12: Loop and Ultrasonic Detectors [TE]
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Lecture 8: The capacity of roads and junctions
Level of Service (LOS, in Poland PSR) characterise traffic conditions. There are 6 levels on LOS and 4
levels in PSR. Several quantities are used to estimate LOS. Traffic volume is used for roads. Delays are
use for junctions.
Traffic conditions:
LOS A, PSR I – very good,
LOS B, LOS C, PSR II – good,
LOS D, LOS E, PSR III – average,
LOS F, PSR IV – bad.
Tab.8.1: Level-of-Service Criteria for Signalized Intersections in USA [TE]
Level of Service (LOS)
Control Delay [s]
A
≤ 10
B
> 10 – 20
C
> 20 – 35
D
>35 – 55
E
> 55 – 80
F
> 80
Tab8.2: Level-of-Service Criteria (PSR) for Signalized and Non Signalized Intersections in Poland
Control Delay [s]
PSR
Signalized
Intersection
I
≤ 20
≤ 15
II
20 ÷ 45
15 ÷ 30
III
45 ÷ 80
30 ÷ 50
IV
> 80
> 50
Non Signalized
Intersection
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Fig8.1: Pedestrian and Bicycle Interference with Turning Vehicles [TE]
Calculation the delays:
d = f k ⋅ d1 + d 2 + d 3
(1 − λ )
T
d1 = ⋅
2 1 − [min{1, X }⋅ λ ]
2

d 2 = 900 ⋅ t a ⋅ ( X − 1) +

( X − 1)2 + 7 ⋅ rs ⋅ ws ⋅ X
2
C ⋅ ta



d 3 – not used in Poland
Simplified formula (for use in exercises):
d = 0,5 ⋅ T ⋅
(1 − λ )2

+ 900 ⋅ ( X − 1) +
1− λ ⋅ X

( X − 1)2 + 7 ⋅ rS ⋅ X
C
2



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λ=
Ge
T
Ge = G + 1
X =
Q
C
C = λ⋅S
S = 1400 ÷ 1600 P/h
S = S 0 ⋅ n ⋅ fW ⋅ f HV ⋅ f G ⋅ f P ⋅ f BB ⋅ f A ⋅ f LU ⋅ f RT ⋅ f LT ⋅ f Rpb ⋅ f Lpb
For each approach and direction it is necessary to calculate: G e , λ, C, X, d → LOS
Tab.8.3: Data requirements for each lane group in signalized intersection analysis [TE]
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Tab.8.4: Arrival types defined [TE]
Tab.8.5: Delay Adjustment for controller type [TE]
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Fig.8.2: Diagrams to delays estimation
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Lecture 9: Elements of airports. Field planning
Fig.9.1: The elements of an airport [A]
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Definitions related to the construction of airports:
TWY (Taxiway)
RWY (Runway)
ACN (Aircraft Classification Number)
PCN (Pavement Classification Number)
APRON
ILS (Instrumental Landing System)
RVR (Runway Visual Range)
FATO (Final Approach and Take-off Area)
ICAO
IATA
TORA, TODA, ASDA, LDA, CWY, SWY → L10
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Fig.9.2: Layout types of the Runways
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Fig.9.3: Fragment of an Airport
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Lecture 10: Number, length and directions of airport’s
runways
Capacity of the Runway
T – blocking duration of the Runway [s];
t1 – take-off duration [s] = 1 minute for small aircraft, = 2 minutes for large aircraft;
t2 – landing - duration [s] = 3 minute for small aircraft, = 6 minutes for large aircraft.
T=
n ⋅ (t1 + t2 )
2
Tab.10.1: Airport Reference Code
First item of the airport
Second item of the airport reference code
reference code
Digit
Reference code of the
Letter
Wingspan [m]
airplane length [m]
Distance between the extreme
outer edges of the main landing
gear wheel [m]
1
Below 800
A
Below 15
Below 4,5
2
From 800 to 1200
B
From15 to 24
From 4,5 to 6
3
Over 1200 to 1800
C
Over 24 to 36
Over 6 to 9
4
Over 1800
D
Over 36 to 52
Over 9 to 14
E
Over 52 to 65
Over 9 to 14
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Fig.10.1: Types of maneuvers
TORA (take-off run available)
ASDA (accelerate-stop distance available)
TODA (take-off distance available)
LDA (landing distance available)
Fig.10.2: ASDA (accelerate-stop distance available)
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Fig.10.3: TORA (take-off run available)
Fig.10.4: TODA (take-off distance available)
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Fig.10.5: LDA (landing distance available)
A runway of at least 6,000 ft (1,800 m) in length is usually adequate for aircraft weights below
approximately 200,000 lb (90,000 kg). Larger aircraft including wide bodies will usually require at
least 8,000 ft (2,400 m) at sea level and somewhat more at higher altitude airports. International
wide body flights, which carry substantial amounts of fuel and are therefore heavier, may also have
landing requirements of 10,000 ft (3,000 m) or more and takeoff requirements of 13,000 ft (4,000
m)+.
At sea level, 10,000 ft (3,000 m) it can be considered an adequate length to land virtually any aircraft.
For example, at O'Hare International, when landing simultaneously on 22R and 28 or parallel 27L, it is
routine for arrivals from the Far East which would normally be vectored for 22R (7,500 ft (2,286 m))
or 27L (7,967 ft (2,428 m)) to request 28 (13,001 ft (3,963 m)). It is always accommodated, although
occasionally with a delay. Another example is that the Luleå Airport in Sweden was extended to
10,990 ft (3,350 m) to allow any fully loaded freight aircraft to take off.
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An aircraft will need a longer runway at a higher altitude due to decreased density of air at higher
altitudes, which reduces lift and engine power. An aircraft will also require a longer runway in hotter
or more humid conditions (see density altitude). Most commercial aircraft carry manufacturer's
tables showing the adjustments required for a given temperature.
Fig.10.6: Clearway and Stopway
CWY (clearway): CWY = 0,5 ( 1,15 TORA )
SWY (stopway): SWY = TODA – ASDA
L W1 = 1,15 TORA – CWY
L W2 = TODA – 200
L W3 = ASDA – SWY
L W4 = 1,67 LDA
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Lrz = max( LW 1 , LW 2 , LW 3 , LW 4 ) ⋅ k p ⋅ k t ⋅ k i ⋅ k n
kp –
influence of air pressure
k p = 1 + 0,003 ⋅ ∆p
kt –
influence of temperature
kt = 1 + 0,01 ⋅ ∆t
ki –
influence of slope
ki = 1 + 0,1 ⋅ ∆i
kn –
influence of pavement type k n = 1 + 0,01 ⋅ n
Tab.10.2: Dependence on air pressure and normalized temperature from the altitude
Altitude [m]
Air pressure [Pa]
Normalized temperature [oC]
0
760,0
15,00
50
755,5
14,67
100
751,0
14,35
150
746,6
14,02
200
742,2
13,70
250
737,7
13,37
300
733,4
13,05
350
728,9
12,72
400
724,6
12,40
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Fig.10.7: Dimensions of runway clear zones [A}
Fig.10.8: Wind rose analysis [A]
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Fig.10.9: Data set for calculation the direction of Runway
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Fig.10.10: Working sheet for calculation the direction of Runway
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Lecture 11: Street’s design
Fig.11.1: Cross section of a street (two – way)
Fig.11.2: Example of streets intersection
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Fig.11.3: Types of travel In the City
Tab.11.1: Left turn alternatives for signalized street systems [TE]
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Tab.11.2: Advantages and disadvantages of one-way systems [TE]
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Lecture 12: Planning of public transport
Fig.12.1: Typical parameters of Bus- and Tram Stop
Fig.12.2: Various bus operations
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Fig.12.3: Example of tram-stops localization
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Fig.12.4: Dual Bus Lanes on an Urban Street [TE]
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Lecture 13: The calmed traffic
Fig.13.1: Examples of Local Street Networks in Residential Areas [TE]
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Fig.13.2: Illustration of Traffic Calming Devices Applied to an Neighborhood Grid [TE]
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Tab.13.1: Summary of traffic calming devices [TE]
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Fig.13.3: Potential conflicts reduced by Traffic Circles [TE]
Fig.13.4: Example of calmed street
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Lecture 14: Pedestrian and cyclists traffic
Fig.14.1: Pedestrians dimensions
Fig.14.2: Dimensions of pedestrian area [HCM]
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Fig.14.3: Intersection corner geometry and pedestrian movements [HCM]
Fig.14.4: Idea of diagonal crossings
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Fig.14.5: Bicyclists dimensions
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Fig.14.6: Details of bicyclists infrastructure
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Lecture 15: Pavements, materials, keeping of roads
Fig.15.1: Road in three dimensions
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5m
1,0-2,0%
Fig.15.2: Typical cross section of a road in Concrete technology
2,0 –
Fig.15.3: Typical cross section of a road in HMA (Hot Mix Asphalt) technology
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Fig.15.4: Pipe culvert [RE]
Fig.15.5: Falling weight deflectometer [RE]
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Closure
This closure includes: list of topics on the test, list of references and source materials, as well as
presentation of teachers team to course “Road, Streets and Airports”.
List of topics on the test (sample questions):
Explain the basic definitions (as in L1)
Calculate the number of air operations and number of aprons (gates)
Complete choice of variants based on multi-criteria analysis
Indicate the types of intersections
Indicate the types of interchanges
Describe the elements of a interchange
Traffic volume, density and speed
Calculate the signal timing
Draw a signal phase plan
Give an algorithm of accommodation
Assess the traffic conditions at the intersection
Give the elements of the airport
Calculate the length of the runway
Determine the direction of the runway
Give the classification and elements of street
Describe the road users
Planning principles of public transport
The methods and objectives of traffic calming
Describe the infrastructure for pedestrians and cyclists
Characterize types of road surfaces
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List of references and source materials:
Basic Handbooks (available in the library)
[RE]
Robinson R., Road Engineering for Development, Taylor & Francis, 2004, ISBN-10:
0415279488.
[A]
Wells A.T., Young S., Airport Planning and Management, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2004,
ISBN-10:
0071413014.
[TE]
Roess R.P., Prassas E.S., McShane W.R., Traffic Engineering (3rd Edition), Prentice Hall, 2004,
ISBN-10:
0131424718.
Regulations, standards, guidelines (mostly in Polish)
•
Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) 2000
•
Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) 2003
•
Rozporządzenie Ministrów Infrastruktury z dnia 3 lipca 2003 r. w sprawie szczegółowych
warunków technicznych dla znaków i sygnałów drogowych oraz urządzeń bezpieczeństwa
ruchu drogowego i warunków ich umieszczania na drogach, Zał. 1 – znaki drogowe pionowe,
Zał. 2 – znaki drogowe poziome, Zał. 3 – sygnały drogowe, Zał. 4 – urządzenia bezpieczeństwa
ruchu drogowego Dz.U. 2003 nr 220 poz. 2181
•
Rozporządzenie Ministra Transportu i Gospodarki Morskiej z dnia 30 maja 2000 r. w sprawie
warunków technicznych, jakim powinny odpowiadać drogowe obiekty inżynierskie i ich
usytuowanie. Dz.U. 2000 nr 63 poz. 735
•
Rozporządzenie Ministra Transportu i Gospodarki Morskiej z dnia 2 marca 1999 r. w sprawie
warunków technicznych, jakim powinny odpowiadać drogi publiczne i ich usytuowanie. Dz.U.
1999 nr 43 poz. 430
•
Ustawa o uprawnieniach do ulgowych przejazdów środkami publicznego transportu
zbiorowego (wersja aktualna z dnia 20.06.1992 r. Dz.U.Nr 175, poz.1440)
•
Ustawa – prawo przewozowe (obwieszczenie ministra transportu i gospodarki morskiej z dnia
29.05.2000 r. w sprawie ogłoszenia jednolitego tekstu ustawy, Dz.U.Nr 50, poz.601);
•
Ustawa – prawo geodezyjne i kartograficzne (tekst jednolity z dnia 24.10.2000, Dz.U.Nr 100,
poz.1086)
•
Ustawa – prawo ochrony środowiska (z dnia 27.04.2001, Dz.U.Nr 62, poz.627)
•
Ustawa – prawo o ruchu drogowym (obwieszczenie Marszałka Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej
Polskiej w sprawie ogłoszenia jednolitego tekstu Ustawy z dnia 7.03.2003, Dz.U.Nr 58,
poz.515)
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•
Ustawa o planowaniu przestrzennym (z dnia 27.03.2003, Dz.U.Nr 80, poz.717)
•
Ustawa o transporcie drogowym (obwieszczenie Marszałka Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w
sprawie ogłoszenia jednolitego tekstu Ustawy z dnia 1.09.2004, Dz.U.Nr 204, poz.2088)
•
Rozporządzenie Ministra Transportu i Gospodarki Morskiej w sprawie przepisów technicznobudowlanych dla lotnisk cywilnych z 31 sierpnia 1998 r.. Dz.U. Nr 130 z 1998 r., poz. 859
•
Ustawa prawo lotnicze z 3 lipca 2002 r.; Dz.U. Nr 130 z 2002 r., poz. 1112
•
Rozporządzenie Ministra Infrastruktury w sprawie warunków jakie powinny spełniać obiekty
budowlane oraz naturalne w otoczeniu lotniska z 25 czerwca 2003 r.; Dz.U. Nr 130 z 2003 r.,
poz. 1192
•
Rozporządzenie Ministra Ochrony Środowiska, Zasobów Naturalnych i Leśnictwa w sprawie
dopuszczalnych poziomów hałasu w środowisku z 13 maja 1998 r. Dz.U. Nr 66 z 1998 r., poz.
436 (uchylona podstawa prawna)
•
Wytyczne projektowania dróg III, IV i V klasy techn. WPD – 2. GDDP Warszawa 1995
•
Wytyczne projektowania ulic. WPU. GDDP Warszawa 1995
•
Wytyczne stosowania drogowych barier ochronnych. GDDP Warszawa 1994
•
Tymczasowe wytyczne stosowania progów zwalniających, 1994
•
Instrukcja zagospodarowania dróg. GDDP Warszawa 1997
•
Instrukcja o znakach drogowych poziomych, 1991
•
Wytyczne projektowania skrzyżowań. Część I i II. GDDP Warszawa 2001
•
Oceny oddziaływania dróg na środowisko. Część I i II
•
Katalog typowych elelmentów przepustów rurowych. Transprojekt Warszawa 1993
•
Zasady ochrony środowiska w Drogownictwie. GDDP Warszawa 1999
•
Instrukcja obliczania przepustowości dróg zamiejskich, GDDP Warszawa 1991
•
Instrukcja obliczania przepustowości dróg I i II klasy technicznej, GDDP Warszawa 1995
•
Generalny pomiar ruchu na sieci dróg krajowych – Transprojekt Warszawa 2000
•
Komentarz do warunków technicznych jakim powinny odpowiadać drogi publiczne i ich
usytuowanie, cz.1: Wprowadzenie, Transprojekt Warszawa 2000
•
Prognozy ruchu na sieci dróg krajowych – Transprojekt Warszawa 2001
•
Komentarz do warunków technicznych jakim powinny odpowiadać drogi publiczne i ich
usytuowanie, cz.2: Zagadnienia techniczne, Transprojekt Warszawa 2002
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•
Postaw na rower – podręcznik projektowania przyjaznej dla rowerów infrastruktury, CROW
oraz ZG PKE, Kraków 1999
•
Raport międzyresortowego, interdyscyplinarnego zespołu ds. wyboru lokalizacji lotniska
centralnego dla Polski. Warszawa 2003
•
Datka S., Suchorzewski W., Tracz M. „Inżynieria ruchu”, WKiŁ Warszawa 1999
•
Gawlikowski A. „Ulica w strukturze miasta”, Wydawnictwa Politechniki Warszawskiej 1992
•
Grzywacz W., Wojciechowska K., Rydzkowski W. „Polityka transportowa”, Wydawnictwo
Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego 1994
•
Komar Z., Wolek Cz. „Inżynieria ruchu drogowego. Wybrane zagadnienia”, Skrypt Politechniki
Wrocławskiej 1994
•
Sambor A. „Priorytety w ruchu dla pojazdów komunikacji miejskiej”, IGKM 1999
•
Tracz M., Allsop „Skrzyżowania z sygnalizacją świetlną”, WKiŁ Warszawa 1990
•
Guzik J., Leśko M. „Sterowanie ruchem drogowym – sygnalizacja świetlna i detektory ruchu
pojazdów”, Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej, Gliwice 2000
•
Guzik J., Leśko M. „Sterowanie ruchem drogowym – sterowniki i systemy sterowania i
nadzoru ruchu”, Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej, Gliwice 2000
•
Leśko M. „Porty lotnicze, pola wzlotów i urządzenia nawigacyjne”, Wydawnictwo Politechniki
Śląskiej, Gliwice 1987
•
Leśko M., Pasek M. „Porty lotnicze, wybrane zagadnienia inżynierii ekologicznej”,
Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej, Gliwice 1997
•
Leśko M., Perkowski T. „Porty lotnicze, podstawy projektowania lotnisk śmigłowcowych”,
Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej, Gliwice 2000
•
Kozieł S. „Lotniskowe nawierzchnie betonowe”, WKiŁ 1972
•
Mroczek H. W. „Encyklopedia budowy lotnisk” Skrypt PK, Kraków 1971
Other materials (Web sites, older books)
•
Traffic Calming
www.trafficcalming.org
•
Walkable Communities
www.walkable.org
•
Aircraft Technical Data & Specifications
www.airliners.net/info
•
Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad
www.gddkia.gov.pl
•
Lotnicze systemy nawigacyjne
www.heading.pata.pl
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•
Ministerstwo Infrastruktury
www.mi.gov.pl
•
Urząd Lotnictwa Cywilnego
www.ulc.gov.pl
•
Agencja Ruchu Lotniczego
www.pata.pl
•
PPL
www.polish-airports.com
•
LOT
www.lot.com.pl
•
Lotnictwo
www.rav.pol.pl
•
Araszkiewicz W. „Budowa lotnisk, drogi lotnicze”, PWN 1958
•
Araszkiewicz W. „Zagadnienia z transportu lotniczego”, PWN 1958
•
Araszkiewicz W. „Zagadnienia z budownictwa lotniskowego”, PWN 1959
•
Araszkiewicz W. „Budowle pola wzlotów”, PWN 1959
•
Araszkiewicz W. „Budynki lotniskowe”, PWN 1963
The Authors (leading course RSA):
Maciej Kruszyna, PhD (lecture) 1.04 H3, 071 320 45 39, maciej.kruszyna@pwr.wroc.pl
Krzysztof Gasz, PhD,
Łukasz Skotnicki, PhD (project)
1.03 H3, 071 320 45 38, krzysztof.gasz@pwr.wroc.pl lukasz.skotnicki@pwr.wroc.pl
Current consultation on http://i14odt.iil.pwr.wroc.pl/zdil/
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Lecture 1

Transcription

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