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Engineering Data Manual
Engineering Data Manual Experience a World of Possibilities 6226 West 74th Street Chicago, IL 60638 800–376–6000 FAX 708–563–1950 www.independencetube.com INDEPENDENCE TUBE CORPORATION founded in 1972, is a leading manufacturer of square, rectangular and round structural steel tubing. Independence Tube produces structural steel tubing from prime steel on the most advanced tube mill equipment in the industry. High frequency welding techniques assure the ultimate in weld integrity. Structural steel tubing’s ease of fabrication, high strength and pleasing appearance make it a “First Choice” material. Potential applications are as unlimited as the designer’s imagination. Independence Tube began in a 53,000 square foot facility located on the southwest side of Chicago. Today, we operate two Divisions in Illinois (Chicago and Marseilles) and our third manufacturing facility (opened in August of 2006) in Decatur, Alabama. Combined operations comprise over 1.3 million square feet under roof and over 70 acres of property. CHICAGO, IL DECATUR, AL MARSEILLES, IL INDEPENDENCE TUBE produces steel tubing to ASTM A500, ASTM A252 and ASTM A513. Sizes offered are: ROUNDS – 1.66" OD x .109" wall through 16" OD x .625" wall SQUARES – 2" SQ x .109" wall through 12" SQ x .625" wall RECTANGLES – 2½" x 1½" x .125" wall through 16" x 8" x .625" wall VALUE ADDED SERVICES offered are: I.D. flash removal HSLA grades Domex© In–house band saw cutting Pickled and oiled Weld on the short side Special tolerances Mitre cutting ROLLING SCHEDULE With a yearly published on-time rolling schedule second to none in the industry, you can manage your inventory more closely, knowing that material will be ready when promised. Independence Tube also offers Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI), Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and bar coding; all of which have become very important services in the management of inventory and communications. WWW.INDEPENDENCETUBE.COM / WWW.ITCTUBE.COM The next time you are on-line, please take a moment to visit our new web site. There you will find our Company history and product information downloads. In addition, www.itctube.com is our 24/7 on-line Customer Secure Portal which will allow you to view inventory, place orders and inquiries, release loads and view and download open order reports and test reports. INDEPENDENCE TUBE is an active member of the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) and the Metals Service Center Institute (MSCI), the Farm Equipment Manufacturers Association (FEMA), the Pile Driving Contractors Association (PDCA) and the National Association of Pipe Distributors (NASPD) and its products can be purchased at steel service centers across North America. 1 ASTM A500 Cold-Formed ERW Round, Square and Rectangular Structural Steel Tubing in Grades B And C. All Independence Tube structural tubing is produced in accordance with the mechanical and chemical property requirements of ASTM A500, Grades B & C. Outside Dimension Tolerances for Square and Rectangle Structural Tubing Chemical Composition Carbon, max % Manganese, max % Phosphorus, max % Sulphur, max % Copper, when copper steel is specified, min % Grade B 0.26 ---0.04 0.05 0.20 Grade C 0.23 1.35 0.04 0.05 0.20 Mechanical Properties - Shapes Grade B Tensile Strength, min psi 58,000 Yield Strength, min psi 46,000 Elongation in 2" min 23%* *.180" wall and over **.120" wall and over Grade C 62,000 50,000 21%** Mechanical Properties -Rounds Grade B Tensile Strength, min psi 58,000 Yield Strength, min psi 42,000 Elongation in 2" min 23%* *.180" wall and over **.120" wall and over Grade C 62,000 46,000 21%** Largest Outside Dimension (in) 2½" and under 2½" to 3½" 3½" to 5½" 5½" and over Plus/minus* 0.020 0.025 0.030 1% * Tolerance includes allowance for convexity or concavity. For rectangular tubing having a ratio of outside large to small flat dimension less than 1.5, and for square tubing, the tolerance on small flat dimension shall be identical to the large flat dimension tolerance. For rectangular tubing having a ratio of outside large to small flat dimension in the range of 1.5 to 3.9 inclusive, the tolerance on small flat dimension shall be 1.5 times the large flat dimension tolerance. For rectangular tubing having a ratio of outside large to small flat dimension greater than 3.0, the tolerance on small flat dimension shall be 2.0 times the permissible variations in large flat dimension. NOTES: Straightness: .025" times the number of ft of total length Squareness of sides: Deviation from 90˚ by ±2% max Radius of Corners: The radius of any outside corner shall not exceed 3.0 times the specified wall thickness. Wall Thickness: ±10% of nominal wall thickness, as measured at the center of the flat. Permissible Variations in Twist for Square and Rectangular Structural Tubing Specified Outside Large Flat Dimension Over 1½" to 2½" Over 2½" to 4" Over 4" to 6" Over 6" to 8" Over 8" Maximum twist in 3 feet 0.062" 0.075" 0.087" 0.100" 0.112" Call your Account Representative for floor stock availability or go on-line at www.independencetube.com. 2 HSS Squares Independence Tube produces squares from 2" SQ x .125" wall through 12" SQ x .625" wall to ASTM A500. CHICAGO: 2" SQ through 6" SQ Walls from .125" to .375" MARSEILLES: 2" SQ through 10" SQ Walls from .125" to .625" DECATUR: 2½" SQ through 12" SQ Walls from .188" to .625" In-house band saw cutting available. Flash removal available on some sizes—contact your Independence Tube Sales Representative for details. The information presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance with recognized engineering principles and is for general information only. While it is believed to be accurate, this information should not be used or relied upon for any specific application without competent professional examination and verification of its accuracy, suitability and applicability by a licensed professional engineer, designer or architect. The publication of the material contained herein is not intended as a representation or warranty on the part of “Independence Tube Corporation” or of any other person named herein, that this information is suitable use of this information assumes all liability arising from such use. Caution must be exercised when relying upon specifications and codes developed by other bodies and incorporated by reference herein since such material may be modified or amended from time to time subsequent to the printing of this publication. Independence Tube Corporation bears no responsibility for such material other than to refer to it and incorporate it by reference at the time of the initial publication of this edition. To the best of our knowledge, all information contained herein is correct at the time of publication. Independence Tube Corporation does not assume responsibility for errors or oversights resulting from the use of the information contained herein. 3 HSS/Square Structural Steel Tubing Fy=50 Allowable Concentric Loads in Kips Nominal Outside ERW 12 X 12 10 X 10 9x9 Wall Thickness 5/8 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 5/8 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 Weight per Foot 93.34 76.07 58.10 48.86 39.43 76.33 62.46 47.90 40.35 32.63 24.73 55.66 42.79 36.10 29.23 22.18 Design Wall Thickness 0.581 0.465 0.349 .291* .233* 0.581 0.465 0.349 0.291 .233* .174* 0.465 0.349 0.291 0.233 .174* Effective length KL in feet Fy = 50 ksi 0 771 627 480 388 275 630 516 396 333 254 162 459 354 298 241 154 2 762 620 474 385 273 621 508 390 328 251 160 451 348 293 237 153 3 757 615 471 383 272 615 504 387 326 250 159 447 345 290 235 152 4 751 611 468 381 271 609 500 384 323 248 158 442 341 287 232 151 5 745 606 464 379 269 603 495 380 319 246 158 438 337 284 230 150 6 739 601 461 377 268 597 489 376 316 245 156 432 333 280 227 148 7 732 586 456 374 267 590 484 372 313 243 155 426 329 277 224 147 8 725 590 452 372 265 285 478 367 309 241 154 419 324 273 221 146 9 718 584 448 369 263 574 471 362 305 238 153 413 319 269 218 144 10 710 578 443 366 262 566 465 357 301 236 152 406 314 264 214 143 11 702 572 439 363 260 558 458 352 296 234 150 399 309 260 211 141 12 694 565 434 360 258 549 451 347 292 231 149 394 303 255 207 140 13 686 559 428 357 256 539 443 341 287 228 148 384 297 250 203 138 14 677 552 423 354 254 530 436 336 283 225 146 376 291 245 199 136 15 668 544 418 350 252 520 428 330 278 222 144 367 285 240 195 134 16 658 537 412 346 249 510 420 324 272 219 143 359 278 235 191 132 17 649 529 406 341 247 99 411 317 267 216 141 350 272 229 186 130 18 639 521 400 336 245 488 402 311 262 212 139 341 265 224 181 128 19 628 513 394 331 242 477 393 304 256 207 137 331 258 218 177 125 20 618 505 388 325 239 466 384 297 250 203 135 322 251 212 172 123 21 607 486 381 320 237 454 375 290 245 198 133 312 243 206 167 120 22 596 487 375 315 234 442 365 283 238 193 131 301 235 199 162 118 23 585 478 368 309 231 429 355 275 232 188 129 291 228 193 157 115 24 573 469 361 303 228 417 345 268 226 183 127 280 219 186 151 112 25 562 460 354 297 225 404 335 260 219 178 124 269 211 179 146 109 26 550 50 347 291 222 390 324 252 213 173 122 258 203 172 140 105 27 537 441 339 285 218 377 313 244 206 167 119 246 194 165 134 102 28 525 431 332 279 215 363 302 236 199 162 116 234 185 157 128 98 29 512 420 324 273 211 349 291 227 182 156 113 222 176 150 122 93 30 499 410 316 266 208 334 279 218 185 150 110 209 166 142 116 89 31 486 399 309 260 204 349 267 209 177 145 107 197 157 134 110 84 32 472 389 300 253 200 304 255 200 170 138 103 184 147 126 103 79 33 459 378 292 246 195 288 243 191 162 132 100 173 138 118 97 74 34 445 367 284 239 191 272 230 181 154 126 96 163 130 112 91 70 35 430 355 275 232 186 257 217 172 146 119 91 154 123 105 86 66 36 416 344 266 225 182 243 205 162 138 113 87 146 116 99 81 62 37 401 332 257 217 177 230 194 154 131 107 82 138 110 94 77 59 38 385 320 248 210 171 218 184 146 124 101 78 131 104 89 73 56 39 370 307 239 202 165 207 175 138 117 96 74 124 99 85 69 53 40 354 295 230 194 158 197 166 131 112 92 70 118 94 81 66 51 6.06 PROPERTIES Area, In² 25.7 20.9 16.0 13.4 10.8 21.0 17.2 13.2 11.10 8.96 6.76 15.30 11.80 9.92 8.03 I, In 4 548 457 357 304 248 304 256 202 172 141 108 182 145 124 102 78 r, In. 4.62 4.68 4.73 4.76 4.79 3.80 3.86 3.92 3.94 3.97 4.00 3.45 3.51 3.54 3.56 3.59 B, Bending Factor 0.281 0.274 0.269 0.264 0.261 0.345 0.336 0.327 0.323 0.318 0.313 0.378 0.366 0.360 0.354 0.349 a ÷ 106 81.8 68.2 53.3 45.4 37.0 45.4 38.2 30.2 25.7 21.1 16.1 27.2 21.7 18.5 15.2 11.7 4 HSS/Square Structural Steel Tubing Fy=50 Allowable Concentric Loads in Kips Nominal Outside ERW 8X8 7X7 6X6 Wall Thickness 5/8 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 5/8 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 5/8 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 Weight per Foot 59.32 48.85 37.69 31.84 25.82 19.63 50.81 42.05 32.58 27.59 22.42 17.08 42.30 35.24 27.48 23.34 19.02 14.53 9.86 Design Wall Thickness 0.581 0.465 0.349 0.291 0.233 .174* 0.581 0.465 0.349 0.291 0.233 .174* 0.581 0.650 0.349 0.291 0.233 0.174 .116* Fy = 50 ksi 492 405 312 263 213 146 420 348 269 228 185 137 351 292 227 193 157 119 69 482 397 306 258 209 144 410 340 263 223 181 135 341 284 221 188 153 116 68 3 477 393 303 255 207 143 405 336 260 220 179 134 335 279 218 185 151 115 67 4 471 388 299 252 204 142 398 330 256 217 176 132 328 284 214 181 148 113 66 5 464 382 295 249 202 141 381 325 252 213 173 131 311 268 209 178 145 110 65 6 457 377 291 245 199 139 384 319 247 209 170 129 313 262 204 174 142 108 64 7 449 370 286 241 196 138 376 312 242 205 168 127 304 255 199 169 138 105 63 8 441 364 281 237 192 136 367 305 237 201 164 124 295 247 247 165 135 103 62 9 432 357 276 233 189 135 358 298 232 196 160 121 285 240 188 160 131 100 61 10 423 350 271 228 185 133 348 290 226 192 156 118 275 231 181 155 127 97 60 11 414 342 265 224 181 131 338 282 220 187 152 115 264 223 175 149 122 93 58 12 404 334 259 219 178 129 328 274 213 181 148 112 253 214 168 143 118 90 57 13 394 326 253 214 173 127 317 265 207 176 144 109 241 204 161 138 113 86 55 14 383 317 246 208 169 124 306 256 200 170 139 106 228 194 153 131 108 83 54 15 372 308 240 203 165 122 294 246 193 164 134 102 215 184 146 125 103 79 52 16 361 299 233 197 160 119 281 236 186 158 128 98 202 173 138 118 97 75 50 17 349 290 226 191 155 117 269 226 178 152 124 95 188 162 129 111 92 71 48 18 337 280 218 185 151 114 256 216 170 145 119 91 173 150 121 104 86 66 45 19 324 270 211 179 145 111 242 205 162 138 114 87 158 138 111 96 80 62 43 20 311 259 203 172 140 107 228 193 153 131 108 82 143 126 102 89 74 57 39 21 298 249 195 166 135 103 213 182 145 124 102 78 130 114 93 81 67 53 36 22 284 238 187 159 130 99 198 170 136 117 96 74 118 104 84 74 61 48 33 23 270 226 178 152 124 95 183 157 126 109 90 69 108 95 77 67 56 44 30 24 255 215 170 145 118 90 168 144 117 101 84 64 99 87 71 62 52 40 28 25 240 203 161 137 112 86 155 133 108 93 77 59 91 80 65 57 48 37 26 26 224 190 151 129 106 81 143 123 100 86 72 55 85 74 60 53 44 34 24 27 209 177 142 122 100 77 133 114 92 80 66 51 78 69 56 49 41 32 22 28 194 165 132 114 93 72 123 106 86 74 62 47 73 64 52 45 38 30 20 29 181 154 123 106 87 67 115 99 80 69 58 44 68 60 49 42 35 28 19 30 169 144 115 99 81 63 107 92 75 65 54 41 63 56 45 40 33 26 18 31 158 135 108 93 76 59 101 87 70 61 50 39 59 52 43 37 31 24 17 32 148 126 101 87 71 55 94 81 66 57 47 36 56 49 40 35 29 23 16 33 140 119 95 82 67 52 89 76 62 53 44 34 52 46 38 33 27 21 15 34 132 112 90 77 63 49 84 72 58 50 42 32 49 43 35 31 26 20 14 35 124 106 85 73 60 46 79 68 55 48 40 30 47 41 33 29 24 19 13 36 117 100 80 69 56 43 75 64 52 45 37 29 44 39 32 27 23 19 12 37 111 95 76 65 53 41 71 61 49 43 35 27 37 30 26 22 17 12 38 105 90 72 62 51 39 67 58 47 40 34 26 28 25 21 16 11 39 100 85 68 59 48 37 64 55 44 38 32 24 20 15 11 40 95 81 65 56 46 35 60 52 42 36 30 23 Area, In² 16.4 13.5 10.4 8.76 7.10 5.37 14.0 11.6 8.97 7.59 6.17 4.67 11.7 9.74 7.58 6.43 5.24 3.98 2.70 I, In4 146 125 99.6 85.6 70.7 54.4 93.3 80.5 64.9 56.1 46.5 36.0 55.1 48.2 39.4 34.3 28.6 22.3 15.5 r, In. 2.99 3.04 3.10 3.13 3.15 3.80 2.58 2.63 2.69 2.72 2.75 2.77 2.17 2.23 2.28 2.31 2.34 2.37 2.39 B, Bending Factor 0.449 0.432 0.418 0.409 0.402 0.395 0.525 0.504 0.484 0.474 0.464 0.454 0.624 0.606 0.577 0.562 0.550 0.535 0.523 a ÷ 106 21.8 18.7 14.9 12.8 10.6 8.1 13.9 12.0 9.69 8.38 6.94 5.38 8.23 7.20 5.88 5.12 4.27 3.33 2.31 Effective length KL in feet 0 2 PROPERTIES 5 HSS/Square Structural Steel Tubing Fy=50 Allowable Concentric Loads in Kips ERW 5½ X 5½ 5X5 4½ X 4½ 4X4 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 24.93 21.21 17.32 13.25 9.01 28.43 22.37 19.08 15.62 11.97 8.16 19.82 16.96 13.91 10.70 7.31 21.63 17.27 14.83 12.21 9.42 6.46 0.349 0.291 0.233 0.174 .116* 0.465 0.349 0.291 0.233 0.174 .116* 0.349 0.291 0.233 0.174 .116* 0.485 0.349 0.291 0.233 0.174 0.116 Fy = 50 ksi 206 176 143 109 66 236 185 158 129 98 63 164 140 115 88 60 181 143 123 101 77 53 200 170 139 106 65 228 179 153 125 95 62 158 135 111 85 58 172 137 118 97 74 51 197 167 137 104 64 223 175 149 122 93 61 154 132 108 83 57 167 133 114 94 72 50 192 164 134 102 63 217 171 146 119 91 60 150 128 105 80 55 160 128 110 91 70 48 188 160 131 100 62 211 166 142 116 89 59 145 124 102 78 53 153 123 106 87 67 46 183 156 127 97 61 204 161 137 113 86 57 139 119 98 75 52 146 117 101 83 64 44 177 151 124 94 60 197 155 133 109 83 56 133 114 94 72 50 137 111 96 79 61 42 172 146 120 91 58 188 149 128 105 80 55 127 109 90 69 47 128 104 90 75 58 40 165 141 116 88 57 180 143 122 101 77 53 120 103 86 66 45 118 97 84 70 54 38 159 136 111 85 56 171 136 117 96 74 51 113 97 81 62 43 108 89 78 65 50 35 152 130 107 82 54 161 129 111 91 70 48 105 91 76 58 40 97 81 71 59 46 32 145 124 102 78 52 151 121 104 86 67 46 97 84 70 54 38 86 72 63 54 42 30 138 118 97 74 50 141 113 98 81 63 43 89 77 65 50 35 73 63 56 47 38 27 130 112 92 71 48 130 105 91 76 59 40 80 70 59 46 32 63 54 48 41 33 23 122 105 86 67 46 118 96 84 70 54 38 70 62 53 41 29 55 47 42 36 29 20 113 98 81 62 43 106 87 76 64 50 35 62 55 47 36 26 48 41 37 32 25 18 104 90 75 58 40 94 78 68 57 45 31 55 49 41 32 23 43 37 33 28 22 16 95 83 69 53 37 84 69 61 51 40 28 49 43 37 29 20 38 33 29 25 20 14 86 75 62 49 34 75 62 55 46 36 25 44 39 33 26 18 34 29 26 22 18 13 77 68 56 44 31 68 56 49 42 33 23 40 35 30 23 16 31 26 24 20 16 11 70 61 51 40 28 61 51 45 38 30 21 36 32 27 21 15 28 24 21 18 15 10 64 56 46 36 25 56 46 41 34 27 19 33 29 25 19 14 26 22 20 17 13 9 58 51 42 33 23 51 42 37 31 25 17 30 27 23 18 12 23 20 18 15 12 9 54 47 39 30 21 47 39 34 29 23 16 28 24 21 16 11 18 16 14 11 8 49 43 36 28 20 43 36 32 27 21 15 25 22 19 15 11 13 10 7 46 40 33 26 18 40 33 29 25 19 14 23 21 18 14 10 42 37 31 24 18 37 31 27 23 18 13 22 19 16 13 9 39 34 29 22 16 35 29 25 21 17 12 18 15 12 8 37 32 27 21 15 32 27 23 20 16 11 11 8 34 30 25 20 14 30 25 22 18 15 10 32 28 23 18 13 23 20 17 14 10 30 26 22 17 12 16 13 9 28 25 21 16 11 27 23 19 15 11 22 18 14 10 14 9 8 PROPERTIES 6.88 5.85 4.77 3.63 2.46 7.88 6.18 5.26 4.30 3.28 2.23 5.48 4.68 3.84 2.93 2.00 6.02 4.78 4.10 3.37 2.58 1.77 29.7 25.9 21.7 17.0 11.8 26.0 21.7 19.0 16.0 12.6 8.8 15.3 13.5 11.4 9.02 6.35 11.9 10.3 9.14 7.80 6.21 4.40 2.08 2.11 2.13 2.16 2.19 1.82 1.87 1.90 1.93 1.96 1.99 1.67 1.70 1.73 1.75 1.78 1.41 1.46 1.49 1.52 1.55 1.58 0.637 0.621 0.604 0.587 0.573 0.758 0.712 0.692 0.672 0.651 0.634 0.806 0.780 0.758 0.731 0.709 1.01 0.928 0.897 0.864 0.831 0.805 4.44 3.87 3.24 2.54 1.76 3.88 3.24 2.84 2.39 1.88 1.31 2.28 2.02 1.70 1.35 0.948 1.78 1.54 1.36 1.16 0.927 0.657 6 HSS/Square Structural Steel Tubing Fy=50 Allowable Concentric Loads in Kips Nominal Outside ERW 3½ X 3½ 3X3 2½ X 2½ 2X2 Wall Thickness 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 1/4 3/16 1/8 Weight per Foot 14.72 12.70 10.51 8.15 5.61 12.17 10.58 8.81 6.87 4.75 8.45 7.11 5.59 3.90 5.41 4.32 3.05 Design Wall Thickness 0.349 0.291 0.233 0.174 0.116 0.349 0.291 0.233 0.174 0.116 0.291 0.233 0.174 0.116 0.233 0.174 0.116 Effective length KL in feet Fy = 50 ksi 0 123 106 87 67 46 102 88 73 57 39 71 59 46 32 52 41 29 2 116 100 83 64 44 95 82 69 53 37 65 54 43 30 47 37 26 3 112 96 80 62 43 90 79 66 51 35 60 51 40 28 44 35 25 4 107 92 77 59 41 85 74 62 48 33 55 47 37 26 40 32 23 5 101 88 73 56 39 79 69 58 45 31 50 43 34 24 35 28 20 6 95 82 69 53 37 72 63 53 42 29 44 38 30 21 30 24 18 7 88 77 64 50 35 64 57 48 38 27 37 32 26 19 24 20 15 12 8 81 71 59 46 32 56 50 43 34 24 29 26 22 16 18 15 9 73 64 54 43 30 48 43 37 30 21 23 21 17 13 14 12 9 10 65 57 49 38 27 39 36 31 25 18 19 17 14 10 12 10 7 11 56 50 43 34 24 32 29 26 21 15 16 14 12 9 10 8 6 12 47 42 37 29 21 27 25 22 18 13 13 12 10 8 8 7 5 7 6 13 40 36 31 25 18 23 21 18 15 11 11 10 8 6 14 34 31 27 22 15 20 18 16 13 9 10 9 7 5 15 30 27 23 19 13 17 16 14 11 8 7 6 5 16 26 24 21 17 12 15 14 12 10 7 17 23 21 18 15 10 13 12 11 9 6 11 10 18 21 19 16 13 9 19 19 17 15 12 8 20 17 15 13 11 7 21 15 14 12 10 7 11 9 6 22 8 6 7 5 4 4 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 PROPERTIES 7 Area, In² 4.09 3.52 2.91 2.24 1.54 3.39 2.94 2.44 1.89 1.30 2.35 1.97 1.54 1.07 1.74 1.37 0.96 I, In4 6.48 5.84 5.04 4.05 2.90 3.77 3.45 3.02 2.60 1.78 1.82 1.63 1.35 1.00 1.13 0.952 0.712 0.863 r, In. 1.26 1.29 1.32 1.35 1.37 1.05 1.08 1.11 1.14 1.17 0.879 0.908 0.937 0.965 0.805 0.835 B, Bending Factor 1.10 1.05 1.01 0.968 0.929 1.35 1.28 1.21 1.15 1.10 1.61 1.51 1.43 1.34 1.73 1.62 1.52 a ÷ 106 0.968 0.872 0.753 0.605 0.433 0.563 0.515 0.451 0.367 0.266 0.272 0.243 0.202 0.149 0.169 0.142 0.106 HSS Squares Dimension and Section Properties SQ 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.50 Wall Wt per ft Moment of Inertia In4 Section Modulus In³ Radius of Gyration In³ Wt per ft Moment of Inertia In4 Section Modulus In³ Radius of Gyration In³ 0.125 3.05 0.486 0.486 0.761 0.188 4.32 0.641 0.641 0.733 0.125 9.86 15.50 5.15 2.39 0.188 14.53 22.30 7.42 0.250 5.41 0.747 0.747 0.704 2.37 0.250 19.02 28.60 9.54 0.125 3.90 0.998 0.799 0.965 2.34 0.313 23.34 34.30 11.40 0.188 5.59 1.350 1.080 2.31 0.937 0.375 27.48 39.50 13.20 0.250 7.11 1.630 2.28 1.300 0.908 0.500 35.24 48.30 16.10 0.313 8.45 2.23 1.820 1.460 0.880 0.625 42.30 55.20 18.40 0.125 2.17 4.75 1.78 1.19 1.17 0.125 11.56 24.80 7.09 2.80 0.188 6.87 2.46 1.64 1.14 0.188 17.08 36.00 10.30 2.77 0.250 8.81 3.02 2.01 1.11 0.250 22.42 46.50 13.30 2.75 0.313 10.58 3.45 2.30 1.08 0.313 27.59 56.10 16.00 2.72 0.375 12.17 3.78 2.52 1.06 0.375 32.58 65.00 18.60 2.69 0.125 5.61 2.90 1.66 1.37 0.500 42.05 80.50 23.00 2.63 0.188 8.15 4.05 2.31 1.35 0.625 50.81 93.40 26.70 2.58 0.250 10.51 5.04 2.88 1.32 0.125 13.26 37.40 9.34 3.21 0.313 12.70 5.84 3.34 1.29 0.188 19.63 54.40 13.60 3.18 0.375 14.72 6.49 3.71 1.26 0.250 25.82 70.70 17.70 3.15 0.125 6.46 4.40 2.20 1.58 0.313 31.84 85.60 21.40 3.13 0.188 9.42 6.21 3.10 1.55 0.375 37.69 100.00 24.90 3.10 0.250 12.21 7.80 3.90 1.52 0.500 48.85 125.00 31.20 3.04 0.313 14.83 9.14 4.57 1.49 0.625 59.32 146.00 36.50 2.99 0.375 17.27 10.30 5.13 1.47 0.125 14.96 53.50 11.90 3.62 0.500 21.63 11.90 5.97 1.41 0.188 22.18 78.20 17.40 3.59 0.125 7.31 6.35 2.82 1.78 0.250 29.23 102.00 22.70 3.56 0.188 10.70 9.02 4.01 1.75 0.313 36.10 124.00 27.60 3.54 0.250 13.91 11.40 5.08 1.73 0.375 42.79 145.00 32.20 3.51 0.313 16.96 13.50 6.00 1.70 0.500 55.66 183.00 40.60 3.45 0.375 19.82 15.30 6.79 1.67 0.625 67.82 216.00 47.90 3.40 0.125 8.16 8.80 3.52 1.99 0.188 24.73 108.00 21.60 4.00 0.188 11.97 12.60 5.03 1.96 0.250 32.63 141.00 28.30 3.97 0.250 15.62 16.00 6.41 1.93 0.313 40.35 172.00 34.50 3.94 0.313 19.08 19.00 7.62 1.90 0.375 47.90 202.00 40.40 3.92 0.375 22.37 21.70 8.68 1.87 0.500 62.46 256.00 51.20 3.86 0.500 28.43 26.00 10.40 1.82 0.625 76.33 304.00 60.80 3.80 0.125 9.01 11.80 4.30 2.19 0.188 29.84 189.00 31.50 4.82 0.188 13.25 17.00 6.17 2.16 0.250 39.43 248.00 41.40 4.79 0.250 17.32 21.70 7.90 2.13 0.313 48.86 304.00 50.70 4.76 0.313 21.21 25.90 9.43 2.11 0.375 58.10 357.00 59.50 4.73 0.375 24.93 29.70 10.80 2.08 0.500 76.07 457.00 76.20 4.68 0.625 93.34 548.00 91.40 4.62 Call your Account Representative for floor stock availability or go on-line at www.independencetube.com. SQ 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 12.00 Wall 8 HSS Rectangles INDEPENDENCE TUBE produces rectangles from 2½" X 1½" X .125" wall through 16" X 8" x .625" wall to ASTM A500. CHICAGO: 3" x 1½" through 8" x 4" Walls from .125" to .375" MARSEILLES: 2½" x 1½" through 12" x 8" Walls from .125" to .625" DECATUR: 3" x 2" through 16" x 8" Walls from .188" to .625" In-house band saw cutting available. Flash removal available on some sizes—contact your Independence Tube Sales Representative for details. The information presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance with recognized engineering principles and is for general information only. While it is believed to be accurate, this information should not be used or relied upon for any specific application without competent professional examination and verification of its accuracy, suitability and applicability by a licensed professional engineer, designer or architect. The publication of the material contained herein is not intended as a representation or warranty on the part of “Independence Tube Corporation” or of any other person named herein, that this information is suitable use of this information assumes all liability arising from such use. Caution must be exercised when relying upon specifications and codes developed by other bodies and incorporated by reference herein since such material may be modified or amended from time to time subsequent to the printing of this publication. Independence Tube Corporation bears no responsibility for such material other than to refer to it and incorporate it by reference at the time of the initial publication of this edition. To the best of our knowledge, all information contained herein is correct at the time of publication. Independence Tube Corporation does not assume responsibility for errors or oversights resulting from the use of the information contained herein. 9 HSS/Rectangular Structural Steel Tubing Fy=50 Allowable Concentric Loads in Kips Nominal Outside ERW 16 x 8 16 x 4 14 x 10 14 x 6 Wall Thickness 5/8 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/2 3/8 5/16 5/8 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 5/8 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 Weight per Foot 93.34 76.07 58.10 48.86 62.46 47.90 40.35 93.34 76.07 58.10 48.86 39.43 76.33 62.46 47.90 40.35 32.63 24.73 Design Wall Thickness 0.581 0.465 .349* .291* 0.465 .349* .291* 0.581 0.465 0.349* .291* .233* 0.581 0.465 .349* .291* .233* .174* Effective length KL in feet Fy = 50 ksi 0 771 627 448 348 516 365 281 771 627 474 371 274 630 516 390 303 222 148 2 758 616 442 344 496 355 274 760 618 469 368 272 615 504 383 298 219 146 3 750 610 439 341 483 349 269 754 613 466 365 270 605 496 378 295 217 145 4 741 603 435 338 469 341 264 747 608 453 363 269 595 488 373 291 214 143 5 732 596 431 335 453 333 258 740 602 459 360 267 583 479 368 287 212 142 6 722 588 426 332 435 324 252 732 596 455 357 265 571 469 361 283 209 140 7 711 579 422 329 416 313 244 724 590 451 354 263 558 459 353 278 206 138 8 700 570 417 325 396 302 237 716 583 446 351 261 544 447 345 373 202 136 9 688 561 411 321 374 290 228 707 576 441 348 259 529 436 336 268 199 134 10 676 551 406 317 351 276 219 697 568 436 344 257 513 423 327 262 195 132 11 663 541 400 313 327 258 208 688 560 430 341 254 497 410 317 256 191 129 12 649 430 394 308 301 240 197 677 552 424 337 252 480 396 307 250 187 127 13 635 519 387 304 274 220 184 667 544 417 333 249 462 382 296 243 182 124 14 620 507 380 299 246 199 170 656 535 411 329 246 443 367 285 236 177 121 15 605 495 373 294 216 178 153 644 526 404 324 243 424 352 274 228 172 118 16 589 482 365 288 190 156 135 633 517 397 320 240 403 336 262 220 167 115 17 573 470 358 283 168 139 129 621 507 390 315 237 382 319 249 211 161 112 18 557 456 349 277 150 124 106 608 497 383 310 233 361 302 236 200 155 108 19 539 443 341 271 135 111 95 596 487 375 305 230 338 284 223 189 149 105 20 522 429 331 264 121 100 86 583 477 367 300 226 315 266 210 178 142 101 21 504 414 321 258 110 91 78 569 466 359 295 223 291 246 195 166 134 97 22 485 399 309 251 100 83 71 555 455 351 289 219 266 227 181 154 126 92 23 466 384 298 243 92 76 65 541 444 342 283 215 243 207 166 141 117 87 24 446 368 286 236 84 69 60 527 433 334 277 211 223 190 152 130 107 82 25 426 352 274 227 78 64 55 512 421 325 271 206 206 176 140 120 99 76 26 405 336 262 219 72 59 51 497 409 316 264 202 190 162 130 111 91 71 27 383 319 249 210 67 55 47 481 397 307 258 198 176 150 120 103 85 66 28 361 302 236 200 51 44 466 384 297 251 193 164 140 112 95 79 61 29 339 284 223 190 449 371 288 243 188 153 130 104 89 74 57 30 317 265 209 178 433 358 278 234 183 143 122 97 83 69 53 31 297 249 196 167 416 345 268 226 178 134 114 91 78 64 50 32 278 233 184 157 399 331 257 218 172 126 107 86 73 60 47 33 262 219 173 148 381 317 247 209 166 118 101 80 69 57 44 34 247 207 163 138 363 303 236 200 160 111 95 76 65 54 41 35 233 195 154 131 344 288 225 191 154 105 90 72 61 50 39 36 220 184 145 124 326 273 214 182 147 99 85 68 58 48 37 37 208 175 138 117 308 258 203 172 140 94 80 64 55 45 35 38 197 165 130 111 292 245 192 163 133 89 76 61 52 43 33 39 187 157 124 106 278 233 182 155 126 85 72 58 49 41 31 40 178 149 118 100 264 221 173 147 120 80 69 55 47 39 30 PROPERTIES Area, In² 25.7 20.9 16.0 13.4 17.2 13.2 11.1 25.7 20.9 16.0 13.4 10.8 21.0 17.2 13.2 11.1 9.0 6.8 Ix, In4 815 679 531 451 455 360 308 687 573 447 380 310 478 402 317 271 222 170 ly, In4 274 230 181 155 47 38.3 33.2 407 341 267 227 186 124 105 84.1 72.3 59.6 45.9 Ratio rx/ry 1.72 1.72 1.71 1.71 3.11 3.07 3.05 1.30 1.30 1.29 1.29 1.29 1.96 1.96 1.94 1.94 1.93 1.92 ry, ‘In. 3.27 3.32 3.37 3.40 1.65 1.71 1.73 3.98 4.04 4.09 4.12 4.14 2.43 2.48 2.53 2.55 2.58 2.61 Bx, Bending Factor 0.252 0.246 0.241 0.238 0.302 0.293 0.288 0.262 0.255 0.251 0.247 0.244 0.308 0.300 0.291 0.287 0.283 0.278 0.375 0.363 0.354 0.346 0.732 0.689 0.669 0.316 0.306 0.300 0.295 0.290 0.508 0.491 0.471 0.461 0.451 0.442 122.00 101.00 79.30 67.30 67.90 53.80 46.00 103.00 85.60 66.80 56.70 46.30 71.40 60.00 47.30 40.50 33.20 25.40 23.1 7.02 5.72 4.96 39.90 33.90 27.80 18.50 15.70 12.60 10.80 8.90 6.85 By, Bending Factor ax, ÷ 106 ay, ÷106 40.9 34.3 27.0 60.80 50.90 10 HSS/Rectangular Structural Steel Tubing Fy=50 Allowable Concentric Loads in Kips ERW Nominal Outside 14 x 4 12 x 8 Wall Thickness 5/8 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 5/8 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 Weight per Foot 67.82 55.66 42.79 36.10 29.23 22.18 76.33 62.46 47.90 40.35 32.63 24.73 Design Wall Thickness 0.581 0.465 .349* .291* .233* .174* 0.581 0.465 0.349 .291* .233* .174* Effective length KL in feet Fy = 50 ksi 561 459 348 269 196 128 630 516 396 325 242 161 538 441 338 262 191 126 619 507 389 321 238 159 524 430 331 257 188 124 612 501 385 318 236 158 507 417 323 251 184 122 604 495 381 315 234 157 489 402 312 245 180 119 597 489 376 312 232 156 469 387 300 239 176 117 588 482 371 308 230 154 447 370 288 231 171 114 579 475 365 305 227 153 424 351 274 223 166 111 569 467 359 301 224 151 399 322 260 214 160 108 559 459 353 296 222 150 372 311 245 205 154 104 548 451 347 292 219 148 344 289 229 194 147 101 537 442 340 287 215 146 314 266 212 181 139 96 526 432 333 281 212 145 283 242 194 167 131 92 513 423 326 275 208 143 250 216 175 151 122 87 501 412 319 268 205 141 218 190 155 135 111 81 488 402 311 262 201 138 192 167 137 119 98 75 474 391 303 255 197 136 170 148 121 105 87 68 460 380 294 248 192 133 151 132 108 94 78 61 446 369 286 241 188 131 136 118 97 84 70 55 431 357 277 234 183 128 123 107 87 76 63 49 416 345 268 226 179 125 111 97 79 69 57 45 400 332 259 218 174 122 101 88 72 63 52 41 384 319 249 210 168 119 93 81 66 58 48 37 368 306 239 202 163 115 85 74 61 53 44 34 351 292 229 194 157 112 78 68 56 49 40 32 333 278 219 185 151 108 73 63 52 45 38 29 315 264 208 176 144 104 59 48 42 35 27 296 249 197 167 137 100 45 39 32 25 277 234 186 168 129 96 30 23 259 219 174 148 122 92 242 204 163 138 114 87 226 191 152 130 107 82 212 179 143 122 100 77 200 169 134 114 94 72 188 159 127 108 89 68 178 150 119 102 84 64 168 142 113 96 79 61 159 134 107 91 75 57 151 127 101 86 71 54 143 121 96 82 67 52 136 115 91 78 64 49 6.76 PROPERTIES 11 Area, In² 18.7 15.3 11.8 9.92 8.03 6.06 21.00 17.20 13.20 11.10 8.96 Ix, In4 373 317 252 216 178 137 396 333 262 224 184 140 ly, In4 47.1 41.1 33.6 29.2 24.4 19 210 177 140 120 98.8 75.7 Ratio rx/ry 2.81 2.78 2.74 2.72 2.70 2.69 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.36 1.36 ry, ‘In. 1.59 1.64 1.69 1.72 1.74 1.77 3.16 3.21 3.27 3.29 3.32 3.35 Bx, Bending Factor 0.351 0.338 0.328 0.321 0.316 0.310 0.318 0.310 0.302 0.297 0.292 0.290 By, Bending Factor 0.794 0.745 0.702 0.679 0.658 0.638 0.400 0.389 0.377 0.370 0.363 0.357 ax, ÷ 106 55.70 47.30 37.60 32.30 26.60 20.50 59.10 49.70 39.10 33.50 27.50 20.90 ay, ÷106 7.03 6.14 5.02 4.36 3.64 2.84 31.40 26.40 20.90 17.90 14.80 11.30 HSS/Rectangular Structural Steel Tubing Fy=50 Allowable Concentric Loads in Kips ERW 12 x 6 12 x 4 12 x 2 5/8 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 5/8 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/4 3/16 67.82 55.66 42.79 36.10 29.23 22.18 59.32 48.85 37.69 31.84 25.82 19.63 22.42 17.08 0.581 0.465 0.349 .291* .233* .174* 0.581 0.465 0.349 .291* .233* .174* .233* .174* Fy = 50 ksi 561 459 354 290 214 143 492 405 312 255 187 124 160 104 547 448 346 285 210 141 472 389 300 248 182 121 150 98 538 441 340 281 208 140 459 379 293 243 179 119 143 94 529 434 335 278 206 138 444 367 284 238 175 117 134 89 519 425 329 274 203 136 428 354 274 231 171 114 123 84 507 416 322 269 200 135 410 340 264 223 166 112 109 77 495 407 315 264 197 133 390 325 253 214 161 109 92 68 483 397 307 259 183 131 369 308 241 204 156 105 71 57 469 386 299 252 189 128 347 291 228 194 150 102 56 45 455 375 291 245 185 126 323 272 214 182 143 98 46 37 440 363 282 238 181 123 298 253 200 171 136 94 38 30 424 350 272 230 177 121 272 232 184 158 128 90 32 26 408 337 263 222 172 118 244 210 168 145 119 85 27 22 391 324 253 214 167 115 214 187 151 131 108 85 23 19 373 310 243 205 161 112 186 163 134 117 97 73 254 295 231 196 156 108 164 144 117 103 85 67 335 280 220 187 149 105 145 127 104 91 75 59 335 264 208 177 143 101 129 113 93 81 67 53 294 248 196 167 136 97 116 102 83 73 60 47 273 231 183 157 128 93 105 92 75 66 54 43 251 213 170 146 120 88 95 83 68 60 49 39 229 195 157 135 111 83 87 76 62 54 45 35 209 179 143 123 102 78 79 69 57 50 41 32 192 164 132 113 93 72 73 64 52 46 38 30 177 151 121 105 86 66 67 59 48 42 35 27 164 140 112 97 79 61 62 54 44 39 32 25 152 130 104 90 74 57 50 11 36 30 23 141 120 97 83 69 53 33 28 22 132 112 90 78 64 49 123 105 84 73 60 46 115 98 79 68 56 43 108 92 74 64 52 41 102 87 70 60 49 38 96 82 66 57 46 36 90 77 62 53 44 34 85 73 59 50 41 32 81 69 55 48 39 30 77 65 53 45 37 29 73 62 50 43 35 27 59 47 41 34 26 18.70 15.30 11.80 9.92 8.03 6.06 16.40 13.50 10.40 8.76 7.10 5.37 6.17 4.67 321 271 215 184 151 116 245 209 168 144 119 91.8 86.9 67.4 106 91.1 72.9 62.8 51.9 40 40.3 35.3 28.9 25.2 21 16.4 4.4 3.55 1.74 1.72 1.72 1.71 1.71 1.70 2.47 2.43 2.41 2.39 2.38 2.37 4.44 4.36 2.39 2.44 2.49 2.52 2.54 2.57 1.57 1.62 1.67 1.70 1.72 1.75 0.845 0.872 0.350 0.339 0.329 0.323 0.319 0.313 0.402 0.388 0.371 0.365 0.358 0.351 0.426 0.416 0.529 0.504 0.486 0.474 0.464 0.455 0.814 0.765 0.720 0.695 0.676 0.655 1.400 1.320 47.90 40.50 32.10 27.50 22.50 17.30 36.60 31.20 25.10 21.50 17.80 13.70 13.00 10.10 15.80 13.60 10.90 9.38 7.75 5.97 6.02 5.27 4.32 3.76 3.14 2.45 0.66 0.53 20 PROPERTIES 12 HSS/Rectangular Structural Steel Tubing Fy=50 Allowable Concentric Loads in Kips Nominal Outside ERW 10 x 8 10 x 6 10 x 4 Wall Thickness 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 5/8 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 5/8 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 Weight per Foot 55.66 42.79 36.10 29.23 22.18 59.32 48.85 37.69 31.84 25.82 19.63 50.81 42.05 32.58 27.59 22.42 17.08 Design Wall Thickness 0.465 0.349 0.291 .233* .174* 0.581 0.465 0.349 0.291 .233* .174* 0.581 0.465 0.349 0.291 .233* .174* Effective length KL in feet Fy = 50 ksi 459 354 298 232 154 492 405 312 263 205 138 420 348 296 228 177 118 451 348 292 229 152 479 395 304 256 201 136 402 334 259 219 172 115 446 344 289 227 151 472 389 300 253 198 134 391 325 252 214 169 113 440 340 286 225 150 463 382 295 248 196 133 378 315 244 207 165 110 434 335 282 223 149 454 374 289 244 193 131 364 303 236 200 160 108 428 331 278 220 147 444 366 283 239 190 129 348 291 227 193 156 105 421 326 274 217 146 433 358 277 233 186 127 331 277 217 184 150 102 414 320 270 214 144 421 348 270 228 182 125 312 263 206 176 144 99 407 315 265 211 143 409 339 262 222 178 122 293 247 195 166 136 95 399 309 260 208 141 396 328 255 215 174 120 272 231 182 156 129 91 391 303 255 205 139 382 317 246 209 170 117 250 213 170 146 120 87 382 296 250 201 137 368 306 238 202 164 114 226 195 156 135 111 82 373 289 244 197 135 353 294 229 194 158 111 202 176 142 123 102 76 364 282 238 193 133 338 282 220 187 152 108 176 155 127 111 92 70 354 275 232 189 131 322 269 210 179 146 104 153 135 111 98 82 63 345 268 226 184 128 305 256 200 170 139 101 134 119 98 86 72 56 334 260 220 179 126 288 242 190 162 132 97 119 105 87 76 64 50 324 252 213 173 123 270 228 179 153 125 93 106 94 77 68 57 44 313 244 206 168 120 251 213 168 144 118 88 95 84 69 61 51 40 302 235 199 162 117 231 197 157 135 110 84 86 76 63 55 46 36 290 227 192 157 114 211 181 145 125 102 78 78 69 57 50 42 32 278 218 185 151 110 192 165 133 115 94 73 71 63 52 45 38 30 266 209 177 145 107 176 151 121 105 86 67 65 57 47 41 35 28 253 199 169 138 103 162 139 111 96 79 61 60 53 43 38 32 25 241 189 161 132 99 149 128 103 89 73 57 55 49 40 35 30 23 227 179 153 125 95 138 118 95 82 68 52 37 32 27 21 214 169 144 119 90 128 110 88 76 63 49 34 30 25 20 200 159 136 112 85 119 102 82 71 58 45 24 18 186 148 127 105 80 111 95 76 66 54 42 174 138 119 98 75 103 89 71 62 51 39 163 130 111 92 70 97 83 67 58 48 37 153 122 104 86 66 91 78 63 54 45 35 144 114 98 81 62 86 73 59 51 42 32 135 108 92 76 58 81 69 56 48 39 31 128 102 87 72 55 76 65 52 45 37 29 121 96 82 68 52 72 62 50 43 35 27 114 91 78 64 49 68 58 47 40 33 26 108 86 74 61 47 64 55 44 38 32 24 103 82 70 58 44 61 53 42 36 30 23 98 78 67 55 42 40 35 29 22 PROPERTIES 13 Area, In² 15.30 11.80 9.92 8.03 6.06 16.40 13.50 10.40 8.76 7.10 5.37 14.00 11.60 8.97 7.59 6.17 4.67 Ix, In4 214 169 145 119 91.4 201 171 137 118 96.9 74.6 149 129 104 90.1 74.7 57.8 13.9 ly, In4 151 120 103 84.7 65.1 89.4 76.8 61.8 53.3 44.1 34.1 33.4 29.4 24.3 21.2 17.7 Ratio rx/ry 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.18 1.50 1.49 1.49 1.49 1.48 1.48 2.11 2.09 2.07 2.06 2.05 2.04 ry, ‘In. 3.14 3.19 3.22 3.25 3.28 2.34 2.39 2.44 2.47 2.52 2.52 1.54 1.59 1.64 1.67 1.70 1.72 Bx, Bending Factor 0.357 0.349 0.342 0.337 0.332 0.408 0.395 0.380 0.371 0.366 0.360 0.470 0.450 0.431 0.421 0.413 0.404 By, Bending Factor 0.405 0.393 0.385 0.379 0.372 0.550 0.527 0.505 0.493 0.483 0.472 0.838 0.789 0.738 0.716 0.697 0.672 ax, ÷ 106 32.00 25.20 21.70 17.80 13.60 30.00 25.50 20.50 17.60 14.50 11.10 22.30 19.30 15.50 13.50 11.20 8.63 ay, ÷106 22.50 17.90 15.40 12.60 9.72 13.40 11.50 9.23 7.96 6.59 5.09 4.99 4.39 3.63 3.17 2.64 2.08 HSS/Rectangular Structural Steel Tubing Fy=50 Allowable Concentric Loads in Kips ERW 10 x 2 9x7 9x5 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 5/8 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 5/8 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 27.48 23.34 19.02 14.53 59.32 48.85 37.69 31.84 25.82 19.63 50.81 42.05 32.58 27.59 22.42 17.08 0.349 0.291 .233* .174* 0.581 0.465 0.349 0.291 0.233 .174* 0.581 0.465 0.349 0.291 0.233 .174* Fy = 50 ksi 227 193 149 98 492 405 312 263 213 145 420 348 269 228 185 125 205 175 139 92 481 396 305 257 209 143 406 337 261 221 180 122 189 162 132 88 475 391 302 254 206 142 398 330 256 217 176 120 171 147 121 83 468 385 297 251 203 140 388 323 250 212 173 118 150 130 108 77 460 379 293 247 200 139 378 314 244 207 168 116 126 111 93 69 452 372 288 242 197 137 366 305 237 201 164 114 99 89 77 60 443 365 282 238 193 135 354 295 230 195 159 111 76 69 59 48 433 358 276 233 189 133 341 285 222 189 154 109 60 54 47 38 423 350 270 228 185 131 327 274 214 182 148 106 49 44 38 31 412 341 264 223 181 128 312 262 205 174 143 102 40 36 31 25 401 332 257 217 177 126 296 349 196 167 136 99 34 31 26 21 390 323 250 212 172 123 280 236 186 159 130 95 29 26 23 18 378 313 243 206 167 120 263 222 176 150 123 91 16 365 303 235 199 162 118 245 208 166 141 116 87 352 293 228 193 157 115 226 193 154 132 109 82 338 282 220 186 152 111 206 177 143 123 101 77 324 271 211 179 146 108 185 161 131 112 93 73 310 259 202 172 141 105 165 144 118 102 85 66 295 247 194 165 135 101 148 129 106 92 77 59 279 235 184 157 128 97 134 117 96 83 69 53 263 222 175 149 122 93 121 106 87 75 63 48 247 209 165 141 116 89 111 96 79 68 57 44 230 195 155 132 109 84 101 88 72 63 52 40 212 181 144 114 102 79 93 81 67 57 48 38 195 167 133 115 95 73 86 75 61 53 44 34 181 154 123 106 88 68 79 69 57 49 41 32 168 143 114 98 81 63 73 64 53 45 38 29 156 133 106 91 76 59 68 60 49 42 35 27 145 124 99 85 71 55 64 56 46 39 33 25 136 116 93 80 66 51 59 52 43 37 31 24 127 109 87 75 62 48 56 49 40 34 29 22 119 102 81 70 58 45 52 46 37 32 27 21 112 96 77 66 55 42 35 30 25 20 106 90 72 62 51 40 29 24 18 100 85 68 59 48 37 94 81 64 55 46 35 89 76 61 52 43 34 85 72 58 50 41 32 80 69 55 47 39 30 76 65 52 45 37 29 17 PROPERTIES 7.58 6.43 5.24 3.98 16.40 13.50 10.40 8.76 7.10 5.37 14.0 11.6 8.97 7.59 6.17 4.67 71.7 62.6 52.5 41 174 149 119 102 84.1 64.7 133 115 92.5 79.8 66.1 51.1 4.69 4.24 3.67 2.97 117 100 80.4 69.2 57.2 41.1 51.9 45.2 36.8 32.0 26.6 20.7 3.91 3.84 3.78 3.72 1.22 1.22 1.33 1.21 1.21 1.21 1.60 1.60 1.59 1.58 1.58 1.57 0.79 0.81 0.84 0.86 2.68 2.73 2.70 2.81 2.84 2.87 1.92 1.97 2.03 2.05 2.08 2.10 0.529 0.514 0.499 0.485 0.424 0.408 0.393 0.386 0.380 0.373 0.474 0.454 0.436 0.428 0.420 0.411 1.620 1.520 1.430 1.340 0.491 0.473 0.453 0.443 0.434 0.426 0.674 0.642 0.609 0.593 0.580 0.564 10.70 9.35 7.84 6.12 26.00 22.30 17.80 15.20 12.60 9.66 19.90 17.20 13.80 11.90 9.87 7.63 0.70 0.63 0.548 0.444 17.50 14.90 12.00 10.30 8.54 6.59 7.75 6.75 5.50 4.78 3.97 3.09 14 HSS/Rectangular Structural Steel Tubing Fy=50 Allowable Concentric Loads in Kips Nominal Outside ERW 9x3 8x6 8x4 Wall Thickness 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 5/8 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 5/8 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 Weight per Foot 35.24 27.48 23.34 19.02 14.53 50.81 42.05 32.58 27.59 22.43 17.08 42.30 35.24 27.48 23.34 19.02 14.53 9.86 Design Wall Thickness 0.465 0.349 0.291 0.233 .174* 0.581 0.465 0.349 0.291 0.233 .174* 0.581 0.465 0.349 0.291 0.233 .174* .116* Effective length KL in feet Fy = 50 ksi 292 227 193 157 105 420 348 269 228 185 132 351 292 227 193 157 111 64 275 215 182 149 101 409 339 262 222 181 139 336 280 218 185 151 108 62 263 206 175 143 98 402 334 258 219 178 128 326 272 213 181 147 106 61 250 196 167 137 95 394 327 254 215 175 126 315 264 206 175 143 104 60 235 185 158 130 91 386 321 249 211 171 124 303 254 199 169 138 101 59 218 173 148 122 87 377 313 243 206 168 122 289 243 191 162 133 98 57 200 160 137 113 83 367 306 237 201 164 120 274 231 182 155 127 95 56 180 145 126 104 77 357 297 231 196 160 117 259 219 173 147 121 91 54 158 130 113 94 72 346 289 225 191 155 115 242 205 163 139 114 87 52 135 113 99 84 65 335 279 218 185 151 112 224 191 152 130 107 83 50 112 95 85 72 56 322 270 211 179 146 109 205 176 141 121 100 77 47 94 80 71 61 48 310 259 203 172 141 106 184 160 129 111 92 71 45 80 68 61 52 41 296 249 195 166 136 102 163 143 117 101 84 65 42 69 59 52 45 35 283 238 187 159 130 99 141 125 104 90 76 59 39 60 51 46 39 31 268 226 178 152 124 95 123 109 91 79 67 52 36 53 45 40 34 27 253 214 169 144 119 91 108 96 80 69 58 46 32 47 40 35 30 24 238 202 160 137 112 86 96 85 71 61 52 41 28 42 36 32 27 21 221 189 150 129 106 81 85 76 63 55 46 36 25 38 32 28 24 19 204 175 141 120 99 76 77 68 56 49 41 33 23 29 26 22 17 187 161 130 112 92 71 69 61 51 44 37 29 20 20 16 170 147 119 103 85 66 63 56 46 40 34 27 19 155 134 109 94 78 61 57 51 42 37 31 24 17 141 122 100 86 71 55 52 46 39 33 28 22 15 130 112 91 79 66 51 48 43 35 31 26 20 14 120 104 84 73 60 47 44 39 33 28 24 19 13 111 96 78 67 56 43 36 30 26 22 17 12 103 89 72 62 52 40 24 21 16 11 95 83 67 58 48 37 15 10 89 77 63 54 45 35 83 72 59 50 42 33 78 67 55 47 39 30 73 63 51 44 37 29 69 59 48 42 35 27 65 56 46 39 33 25 61 53 43 37 31 24 58 50 41 35 29 23 55 47 38 33 28 21 45 36 31 26 20 35 30 25 19 28 24 18 PROPERTIES 15 Area, In² 9.74 7.58 6.43 5.24 3.98 14.00 11.60 8.97 7.59 6.17 4.67 11.70 9.74 7.58 6.43 5.24 3.98 2.70 Ix, In4 80.8 66.3 57.7 48.2 34.6 114.0 98.2 79.1 68.3 56.6 43.7 81.9 71.7 58.7 51.0 42.5 33.1 22.9 ly, In4 13.2 11.2 9.88 8.38 6.63 72.2 62.5 50.6 43.8 36.4 28.2 26.6 23.6 19.6 17.2 14.4 11.3 7.9 Ratio rx/ry 2.47 2.43 2.42 2.40 2.38 1.26 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.24 1.75 1.74 1.73 1.72 1.72 1.71 1.70 ry, ‘In. 1.16 1.21 1.24 1.27 1.29 2.27 2.32 2.38 2.40 2.43 2.46 1.51 1.56 1.61 1.63 1.66 1.69 1.71 Bx, Bending Factor 0.542 0.514 0.501 0.489 0.476 0.491 0.473 0.454 0.445 0.436 0.427 0.571 0.543 0.517 0.504 0.493 0.481 0.472 By, Bending Factor 1.110 1.020 0.976 0.938 0.900 0.582 0.557 0.532 0.520 0.509 0.497 0.880 0.825 0.773 0.748 0.728 0.704 0.684 ax, ÷ 106 12.10 9.90 8.62 7.20 5.61 17.00 14.70 11.80 10.20 8.45 6.53 12.20 10.70 8.77 7.62 6.35 4.94 3.42 ay, ÷106 1.98 1.67 1.48 1.25 0.99 10.80 9.33 7.56 6.54 5.44 4.21 3.97 3.52 2.93 2.57 2.15 1.69 1.18 HSS/Rectangular Structural Steel Tubing Fy=50 Allowable Concentric Loads in Kips ERW 8x3 8x2 7x5 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 5/8 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 31.84 24.93 21.21 17.32 13.25 9.01 22.37 19.08 15.62 11.97 8.16 42.30 35.24 27.48 23.34 19.02 14.53 9.86 0.465 0.349 0.291 0.233 .174* .116* 0.349 0.291 0.233 .174* .116* 0.581 0.465 0.349 0.291 0.233 .174* .116* Fy = 50 ksi 264 206 176 143 101 57 185 158 129 91 51 351 292 227 193 157 118 68 249 195 166 135 97 55 167 143 117 85 48 339 283 220 187 152 115 67 238 187 159 130 94 54 154 132 109 80 46 332 277 216 183 149 113 66 225 178 152 124 91 52 138 120 99 75 43 324 270 211 179 146 111 65 212 168 144 118 87 50 121 105 88 68 40 314 263 205 174 142 108 64 196 156 134 110 83 49 101 89 76 59 37 304 255 199 169 138 105 63 179 144 124 102 78 46 79 71 62 49 33 294 246 193 164 134 102 61 161 131 113 94 73 44 60 55 48 39 28 282 237 186 158 130 99 60 142 117 102 84 66 41 48 43 38 31 22 270 227 178 152 125 95 58 121 101 89 74 59 38 39 35 30 25 18 257 217 171 146 120 91 57 100 85 76 64 51 35 32 29 25 20 15 243 206 162 139 114 87 55 84 71 64 54 43 30 27 24 21 17 12 228 194 154 132 108 83 53 71 61 54 46 36 26 21 18 15 11 213 182 145 124 102 79 50 62 52 47 39 31 22 13 9 197 169 135 116 96 74 48 54 46 41 34 27 18 181 156 125 108 90 69 46 47 40 36 30 24 17 163 142 115 100 83 64 43 42 36 32 27 21 15 145 128 104 91 76 59 40 37 32 28 24 19 14 130 114 93 82 68 53 37 33 28 25 21 17 12 116 102 84 73 61 48 33 26 23 19 15 11 105 92 75 66 55 43 30 14 10 95 84 68 60 50 39 27 87 76 62 55 46 36 25 79 70 57 50 42 33 23 73 64 52 46 39 30 21 67 59 48 42 35 28 19 62 55 45 39 33 26 18 58 51 41 36 30 24 16 54 47 39 34 28 22 15 50 44 36 31 26 21 14 47 41 34 29 25 19 13 44 38 31 27 23 18 12 29 26 22 17 12 24 20 16 11 15 10 2.70 PROPERTIES 8.81 6.88 5.85 4.77 3.63 2.46 6.18 5.26 4.30 3.28 2.23 11.70 9.74 7.58 6.43 5.24 3.98 58.5 48.5 42.4 35.5 27.8 19.3 38.2 33.7 28.5 22.4 15.7 69.3 60.6 49.5 43.0 35.8 27.9 19.3 11.7 9.9 8.81 7.49 5.94 4.2 3.73 3.38 2.94 2.39 1.72 40.5 35.6 29.2 25.5 21.3 16.6 11.6 2.24 2.21 2.19 2.18 2.16 2.14 3.20 3.16 3.11 3.06 3.02 1.31 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.29 1.15 1.20 1.23 1.25 1.28 1.31 0.78 0.80 0.83 0.85 0.88 1.86 1.91 1.96 1.99 2.02 2.05 2.07 .602 0.567 0.552 0.537 0.522 0.510 0.647 0.624 0.604 0.586 0.568 0.591 0.563 0.536 0.523 0.512 0.499 0.490 1.130 1.040 0.996 0.955 0.917 0.879 1.66 1.56 1.46 1.37 1.30 0.722 0.684 0.649 0.630 0.615 0.599 0.582 8.74 7.24 6.33 5.30 4.15 2.88 5.70 5.03 4.26 3.35 2.34 10.30 9.05 7.39 6.42 5.35 4.17 2.88 1.75 1.48 1.32 1.12 0.887 0.627 0.556 0.505 0.439 0.357 0.257 6.05 5.32 4.36 3.81 3.18 2.48 1.73 16 HSS/Rectangular Structural Steel Tubing Fy=50 Allowable Concentric Loads in Kips Nominal Outside ERW 7x4 7x3 6x5 Wall Thickness 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 Weight per Foot 31.84 24.93 21.21 17.32 13.25 9.01 28.43 22.37 19.06 15.62 11.97 8.16 24.93 21.21 17.32 13.25 Design Wall Thickness 0.465 0.349 0.291 0.233 .174* .116* 0.465 0.349 0.291 0.233 .174* .116* 0.349 0.291 0.233 0.174 Effective length KL in feet Fy = 50 ksi 264 206 176 143 107 62 236 185 158 129 97 55 206 176 143 109 253 198 169 138 104 60 222 175 149 122 93 53 200 170 139 106 246 193 164 134 102 59 212 168 143 117 90 52 196 166 136 104 238 186 159 130 99 58 201 159 136 112 86 50 191 163 133 101 229 180 153 125 96 56 189 150 128 106 81 48 186 158 129 99 219 172 147 121 92 55 175 140 120 99 76 46 180 154 126 96 208 164 140 115 88 53 160 129 111 92 71 44 174 149 122 93 196 155 133 110 84 51 143 117 101 84 65 41 168 143 117 90 183 146 126 103 79 49 125 104 90 75 59 39 161 137 113 86 170 136 117 97 74 47 106 90 78 66 52 35 153 131 108 83 156 126 109 90 69 45 88 75 66 57 45 31 146 125 103 79 141 115 100 73 64 42 74 63 55 48 38 27 138 118 97 75 126 103 90 75 58 39 63 54 47 41 32 23 129 111 92 71 109 91 80 67 52 36 54 46 41 35 28 20 120 104 86 66 95 79 70 59 46 32 47 40 35 30 24 17 111 96 80 62 84 70 61 52 41 28 41 35 31 27 21 15 101 88 73 57 74 62 54 46 36 25 37 31 28 24 19 13 91 80 67 52 66 55 49 41 32 22 33 28 25 21 17 12 81 71 60 47 59 49 44 37 29 20 29 25 22 19 15 11 73 64 54 42 53 45 39 33 26 18 20 17 14 10 66 58 48 38 48 40 36 30 24 17 12 9 60 52 44 34 44 37 32 27 21 15 54 48 40 31 40 34 30 25 20 14 50 44 37 29 37 31 27 23 18 13 46 40 34 26 34 28 25 21 17 12 42 37 31 24 26 23 20 15 11 39 34 29 22 18 14 10 36 32 27 21 9 34 29 25 19 31 27 23 18 29 26 22 17 27 24 20 16 26 23 19 15 18 14 PROPERTIES 17 Area, In² 8.81 6.88 5.85 4.77 3.63 2.46 7.88 6.18 5.26 4.30 3.28 2.23 6.88 5.85 4.77 3.63 Ix, In4 50.6 41.8 36.4 30.5 23.8 16.6 40.7 34.0 29.9 25.2 19.8 13.8 33.9 29.6 24.7 19.3 ly, In4 20.7 17.3 15.2 12.8 10 7.03 10.2 8.70 7.74 6.59 5.24 3.71 25.5 22.3 18.7 14.6 Ratio rx/ry 1.56 1.55 1.55 1.54 1.54 1.54 2.00 1.98 1.97 1.96 1.94 1.93 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 ry, ‘In. 1.53 1.58 1.61 1.64 1.66 1.69 1.14 1.19 1.21 1.24 1.26 1.29 1.92 1.95 1.98 2.01 Bx, Bending Factor 0.609 0.576 0.563 0.547 0.534 0.519 0.678 0.636 0.616 0.597 0.580 0.566 0.609 0.593 0.579 0.564 By, Bending Factor 0.851 0.795 0.770 0.745 0.726 0.700 1.160 1.070 1.020 0.979 0.939 0.902 0.675 0.656 0.638 0.622 ax, ÷ 106 7.56 6.20 5.44 4.55 3.55 2.48 6.08 5.08 4.47 3.76 2.96 2.06 5.06 4.40 3.69 2.88 ay, ÷106 3.09 2.58 2.27 1.91 1.49 1.05 1.52 1.30 1.16 0.984 0.782 0.554 3.81 3.33 2.79 2.18 HSS/Rectangular Structural Steel Tubing Fy=50 Allowable Concentric Loads in Kips ERW 6x4 6x3 6x2 5x4 1/2 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 28.43 22.37 19.08 15.62 11.97 8.16 19.82 16.96 13.91 10.70 7.31 17.27 14.83 12.21 9.42 6.46 19.82 16.96 13.91 10.70 0.465 0.349 0.291 0.233 0.174 .116* 0.349 0.291 0.233 0.174 .116* 0.349 0.291 0.233 0.174 .116* 0.349 0.291 0.233 0.174 Fy = 50 ksi 236 185 158 129 98 60 164 140 115 88 53 143 123 101 77 47 164 140 115 88 226 178 151 124 95 58 155 132 109 83 51 129 111 92 70 44 157 135 110 84 220 173 147 121 92 57 148 127 104 80 50 118 102 85 65 41 153 131 107 82 212 167 143 117 89 56 141 121 100 76 48 106 92 77 60 39 148 126 104 80 204 161 137 113 86 54 132 114 94 72 46 92 81 68 53 36 142 122 100 77 194 154 132 108 83 53 123 106 88 68 44 76 68 58 46 32 136 116 96 74 184 146 125 103 79 51 113 97 81 63 41 58 53 47 38 24 129 111 91 70 174 138 119 98 75 49 102 88 74 58 39 45 41 36 29 21 121 104 86 67 162 130 112 92 71 47 90 79 66 52 36 35 32 28 23 17 114 98 81 63 150 121 104 86 66 44 77 68 58 46 32 29 26 23 19 14 105 91 76 59 137 111 96 80 62 42 64 57 49 39 28 24 22 19 15 11 97 84 70 54 123 101 88 73 57 39 54 48 41 33 23 20 18 16 13 9 87 76 64 50 108 90 79 66 51 36 46 41 35 28 20 15 14 11 8 77 67 57 45 94 79 69 59 46 32 40 35 30 24 17 7 67 59 50 40 82 68 61 51 40 28 35 31 26 21 15 58 51 44 35 72 60 53 45 35 25 30 27 23 19 13 51 45 38 30 64 53 47 40 31 22 28 24 21 16 12 45 40 34 27 57 48 42 36 28 20 24 21 18 15 10 41 36 30 24 51 43 38 32 25 18 22 19 16 13 9 36 32 27 22 46 38 34 29 23 16 15 12 8 33 29 25 19 42 35 31 26 20 14 8 30 26 22 18 38 32 28 24 19 13 27 24 20 16 35 29 26 22 17 12 25 22 19 15 32 27 24 20 16 11 23 20 17 14 29 25 22 18 14 10 21 18 16 12 20 17 13 9 15 12 12 9 PROPERTIES 7.88 6.18 5.26 4.30 3.28 2.23 5.48 4.68 3.84 2.93 2.00 4.78 4.10 3.37 2.58 1.77 5.48 4.68 3.84 2.93 33.9 28.3 24.8 20.9 16.4 11.4 22.7 20.1 17 13.4 9.43 17.1 15.3 13.1 10.5 7.42 17.9 15.8 13.4 10.6 17.7 14.9 13.1 11.1 8.76 6.15 7.47 6.66 5.7 4.55 3.23 2.75 2.52 2.21 1.8 1.31 12.6 11.1 9.46 7.48 1.38 1.38 1.38 1.37 1.37 1.36 1.74 1.74 1.73 1.72 1.71 2.49 2.46 2.43 2.42 2.38 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.50 1.55 1.58 1.61 1.63 1.66 1.17 1.19 1.22 1.25 1.27 0.759 0.784 0.809 0.835 0.86 1.52 1.54 1.57 1.60 0.697 0.655 0.636 0.617 0.600 0.587 0.724 0.699 0.678 0.656 0.636 0.839 0.804 0.772 0.737 0.716 0.765 0.741 0.716 0.691 0.890 0.830 0.803 0.775 0.749 0.725 1.10 1.05 1.01 0.966 0.929 1.740 1.630 1.520 1.430 1.350 0.870 0.843 0.812 0.783 5.06 4.23 3.70 3.12 2.45 1.70 3.39 3.00 2.54 2.00 1.41 2.55 2.28 1.96 1.57 1.11 2.67 2.36 2.00 1.58 2.64 2.23 1.96 1.66 1.31 0.92 1.12 0.995 0.851 0.679 0.482 0.411 0.376 0.330 0.269 0.196 1.88 1.66 1.41 1.12 18 HSS/Rectangular Structural Steel Tubing Fy=50 Allowable Concentric Loads in Kips Nominal Outside ERW 5x3 5x2 4x3 Wall Thickness 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 Weight per Foot 17.27 14.83 12.21 9.42 6.46 14.72 12.70 10.51 8.15 5.61 14.72 12.70 10.51 8.15 5.61 Design Wall Thickness 0.349 0.291 0.233 0.174 .116* 0.349 0.291 0.233 0.174 .116* 0.349 0.291 0.233 0.174 0.116 Effective length KL in feet Fy = 50 ksi 143 123 101 77 51 123 106 87 67 44 123 106 87 67 46 135 116 95 73 49 110 95 79 61 41 115 99 82 63 44 129 111 91 70 47 101 87 73 57 39 110 95 79 61 42 122 105 87 67 45 90 79 66 51 36 104 90 75 58 40 114 99 82 63 43 77 68 58 46 32 97 84 70 54 38 106 92 76 59 41 63 57 49 39 28 89 78 65 51 35 97 84 70 55 38 48 44 38 32 23 81 71 60 47 32 87 76 64 50 35 37 34 30 25 18 72 63 54 42 29 76 67 57 45 31 29 27 24 19 14 63 55 47 38 26 64 58 49 39 28 24 22 19 16 11 52 47 40 33 23 53 48 41 33 24 20 18 16 13 9 43 39 34 27 19 45 40 34 28 20 16 15 13 11 8 36 32 28 23 16 38 34 29 24 17 11 9 7 31 28 24 19 14 33 30 25 20 15 6 27 24 21 17 12 29 26 22 18 13 23 21 18 15 10 25 23 19 16 11 20 18 16 13 9 22 20 17 14 10 18 16 14 11 8 16 14 13 10 7 11 9 6 20 18 15 12 9 18 16 14 11 8 10 7 6 PROPERTIES 19 Area, In² 4.78 4.10 3.37 2.58 1.77 4.09 3.52 2.91 2.24 1.54 4.09 3.52 2.91 2.24 1.54 Ix, In4 14.1 12.6 10.7 8.53 6.03 10.3 9.34 8.08 6.5 4.65 7.92 7.13 6.15 4.93 3.52 ly, In4 6.23 5.59 4.81 3.85 2.75 2.27 2.09 1.84 1.51 1.1 5 4.52 3.91 3.16 2.27 Ratio rx/ry 1.50 1.50 1.49 1.49 1.48 2.13 2.11 2.10 2.07 2.06 1.26 1.26 1.25 1.25 1.25 ry, ‘In. 1.14 1.17 1.19 1.22 1.25 0.746 0.771 0.796 0.822 0.848 1.11 1.13 1.16 1.19 1.21 Bx, Bending Factor 0.848 0.813 0.787 0.756 0.734 0.993 0.920 0.900 0.862 0.828 1.030 0.987 0.940 0.909 0.875 By, Bending Factor 1.15 1.10 1.05 1.01 0.965 1.80 1.68 1.58 1.48 1.40 1.23 1.17 1.12 1.06 1.02 ax, ÷ 106 2.11 1.88 1.60 1.27 0.90 1.54 1.39 1.21 0.97 0.69 1.18 1.06 0.92 0.74 0.53 ay, ÷106 0.93 0.835 0.718 0.575 0.411 0.339 0.312 0.275 0.225 0.164 0.747 0.675 0.584 0.472 0.339 HSS/Rectangular Structural Steel Tubing Fy=50 Allowable Concentric Loads in Kips ERW 4x2 3x2 3 x 1½ 2½ x 1½ 3/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 5/16 1/4 3/16 1/8 1/4 3/16 1/8 1/4 3/16 1/8 12.17 10.58 8.81 6.87 4.75 8.45 7.11 5.59 3.90 6.26 4.96 3.48 5.41 4.32 3.05 0.349 0.291 0.233 0.174 0.116 0.291 0.233 0.174 0.116 0.233 0.174 0.116 0.233 0.174 0.116 Fy = 50 ksi 102 88 73 57 39 71 59 46 32 52 41 29 45 36 25 91 79 66 51 35 63 53 42 29 44 35 25 38 30 22 83 73 61 48 33 57 49 38 27 38 31 22 33 26 19 73 65 55 43 30 51 43 35 24 31 25 19 26 22 16 63 56 48 38 27 43 37 30 21 22 19 14 19 16 12 51 46 40 32 23 35 31 25 18 6 13 10 13 11 9 38 35 31 26 19 26 23 20 15 11 10 8 9 8 6 29 27 24 20 15 20 18 15 11 9 8 6 7 6 5 23 21 19 16 11 16 14 12 9 7 6 5 6 5 4 19 17 15 13 9 13 11 10 7 15 14 13 10 8 11 9 8 6 13 12 11 9 6 9 8 7 5 7 5 4 4 PROPERTIES 3.39 2.94 2.44 1.89 1.30 2.35 1.97 1.54 1.07 1.74 1.37 0.96 1.51 1.19 0.84 5.59 5.12 4.49 3.66 2.65 2.38 2.12 1.76 1.3 1.68 1.42 1.06 1.03 0.881 0.668 1.79 1.66 1.48 1.22 0.898 1.23 1.11 0.931 0.692 0.541 0.466 0.355 0.447 0.389 0.299 1.77 1.76 1.74 1.73 1.72 1.39 1.38 1.37 1.37 1.76 1.75 1.73 1.52 1.50 1.49 0.727 0.752 0.778 0.804 0.830 0.724 0.750 0.777 0.804 0.558 0.584 0.620 0.544 0.571 0.597 1.21 1.15 1.09 1.03 0.98 1.48 1.39 1.31 1.23 1.55 1.45 1.36 1.83 1.69 1.57 1.89 1.77 1.65 1.55 1.45 1.91 1.77 1.65 1.55 2.41 2.20 2.03 2.53 2.29 2.11 0.835 0.765 0.670 0.547 0.396 0.355 0.317 0.263 0.194 0.251 0.212 0.158 0.15 0.13 0.10 0.267 0.248 0.221 0.182 0.134 0.184 0.166 0.139 0.103 0.081 0.070 0.053 0.067 0.058 0.045 20 HSS Rectangular Dimension and Section Properties X-X AXIS OD1 OD2 2.50 1.50 1.50 3.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 5.00 3.00 4.00 2.00 3.00 6.00 4.00 5.00 21 Y-Y AXIS Wall Wt per ft Moment of Inertia In4 Section Modulus In³ Radius of Gyration In³ Moment of Inertia In4 Section Modulus In³ Radius of Gyration In³ 0.125 0.180 0.250 0.125 0.188 0.250 0.125 0.188 0.250 0.313 0.125 0.188 0.250 0.313 0.375 0.125 0.188 0.250 0.313 0.375 0.125 0.188 0.250 0.313 0.375 0.125 0.188 0.250 0.313 0.375 0.500 0.125 0.188 0.250 0.313 0.375 0.500 0.125 0.188 0.250 0.313 0.375 0.125 0.188 0.250 0.375 0.500 0.125 0.188 0.250 0.313 0.375 0.500 0.125 0.188 0.250 0.313 0.375 3.05 4.32 5.41 3.48 4.96 6.26 3.90 5.59 7.11 8.45 4.75 6.87 8.81 10.58 12.17 5.61 8.15 10.51 12.70 14.72 5.61 8.15 10.51 12.70 14.72 6.46 9.42 12.21 14.83 17.27 21.63 7.31 10.70 13.91 16.96 19.82 25.03 6.46 9.42 12.21 14.83 17.27 7.31 10.70 13.91 19.82 25.03 8.16 11.97 15.62 19.08 22.37 28.43 9.01 13.25 17.32 21.21 24.93 0.668 0.882 1.03 1.06 1.42 1.68 1.30 1.77 2.13 2.38 2.65 3.66 4.49 5.13 5.60 3.52 4.93 6.15 7.14 7.93 4.65 6.50 8.08 9.35 10.4 6.03 8.53 10.7 12.6 14.1 16.4 7.42 10.6 13.4 15.8 17.9 21.2 7.42 10.5 13.1 15.3 17.1 9.43 13.4 17.0 22.7 26.8 11.4 16.4 20.9 24.8 28.3 34.0 13.4 19.3 24.7 29.6 33.9 0.535 0.705 0.822 0.706 0.945 1.12 0.867 1.18 1.42 1.59 1.32 1.83 2.25 2.56 2.80 1.76 2.47 3.07 3.57 3.97 1.86 2.60 3.23 3.74 4.14 2.41 3.41 4.29 5.03 5.65 6.57 2.97 4.22 5.35 6.32 7.17 8.49 2.47 3.49 4.37 5.11 5.71 3.14 4.47 5.66 7.57 8.95 3.81 5.46 6.96 8.27 9.43 11.3 4.48 6.44 8.25 9.85 11.3 0.892 0.860 0.826 1.05 1.02 0.982 1.10 1.07 1.04 1.01 1.43 1.39 1.36 1.32 1.29 1.52 1.49 1.45 1.42 1.39 1.74 1.70 1.67 1.63 1.59 1.85 1.82 1.78 1.75 1.72 1.65 1.93 1.90 1.87 1.84 1.81 1.75 2.05 2.01 1.97 1.93 1.89 2.17 2.14 2.10 2.04 1.97 2.26 2.23 2.20 2.17 2.14 2.08 2.34 2.31 2.28 2.25 2.22 0.300 0.390 0.449 0.355 0.467 0.543 0.692 0.932 1.11 1.24 0.898 1.22 1.48 1.67 1.80 2.27 3.16 3.91 4.52 5.01 1.10 1.51 1.84 2.10 2.28 2.75 3.85 4.81 5.60 6.25 7.18 5.27 7.48 9.46 11.1 12.6 14.9 1.31 1.80 2.21 2.52 2.77 3.23 4.55 5.70 7.48 8.69 6.15 8.76 11.1 13.2 14.9 17.8 10.2 14.6 18.7 22.3 25.5 0.399 0.520 0.599 0.474 0.622 0.725 0.692 0.932 1.11 1.24 0.898 1.22 1.48 1.67 1.80 1.51 2.10 2.61 3.02 3.34 1.10 1.51 1.84 2.10 2.28 1.83 2.57 3.21 3.73 4.16 4.78 2.64 3.74 4.73 5.57 6.30 7.43 1.31 1.80 2.21 2.52 2.77 2.15 3.03 3.80 4.99 5.79 3.08 4.38 5.56 6.58 7.47 8.89 4.07 5.84 7.47 8.91 10.2 0.597 0.572 0.546 0.610 0.584 0.559 0.804 0.778 0.751 0.725 0.830 0.804 0.779 0.754 0.729 1.21 1.19 1.16 1.13 1.11 0.848 0.823 0.797 0.772 0.748 1.25 1.22 1.19 1.17 1.14 1.09 1.62 1.60 1.57 1.54 1.52 1.46 0.861 0.836 0.810 0.785 0.760 1.27 1.25 1.22 1.17 1.12 1.66 1.63 1.61 1.58 1.55 1.50 2.03 2.01 1.98 1.95 1.92 Call your Independence Tube Account Representative for floor stock availability or go on-line at www.independencetube.com. HSS Rectangular Dimension and Section Properties X-X AXIS OD1 OD2 3.00 7.00 4.00 5.00 2.00 3.00 8.00 4.00 6.00 Y-Y AXIS Wt per ft Moment of Inertia In4 Section Modulus In³ Radius of Gyration In³ Moment of Inertia In4 Section Modulus In³ Radius of Gyration In³ 0.125 8.16 13.8 3.95 2.49 3.71 2.48 1.29 0.188 11.97 19.8 5.65 2.45 5.24 3.50 1.26 0.250 15.62 25.2 7.19 2.42 6.60 4.40 1.24 0.313 19.08 29.9 8.54 2.38 7.74 5.16 1.21 0.375 22.37 34.1 9.73 2.35 8.71 5.81 1.19 0.500 28.43 40.7 11.6 2.27 10.2 6.80 1.14 0.125 9.01 16.6 4.73 2.59 7.03 3.51 1.69 0.188 13.25 23.8 6.81 2.56 10.0 5.02 1.66 0.250 17.32 30.5 8.72 2.53 12.8 6.38 1.64 0.313 21.21 36.5 10.4 2.50 15.2 7.58 1.61 0.375 24.93 41.8 11.9 2.46 17.3 8.63 1.58 0.500 31.84 50.7 14.5 2.40 20.7 10.4 1.53 0.125 9.86 19.3 5.52 2.68 11.6 4.63 2.07 0.188 14.53 27.9 7.96 2.65 16.6 6.65 2.05 0.250 19.02 35.9 10.2 2.62 21.3 8.53 2.02 0.313 23.34 43.0 12.3 2.59 25.5 10.2 1.99 0.375 27.48 49.5 14.1 2.56 29.3 11.7 1.97 0.500 35.24 60.6 17.3 2.50 35.6 14.2 1.91 0.125 8.16 15.7 3.93 2.65 1.72 1.72 0.879 0.188 11.97 22.4 5.61 2.61 2.39 2.39 0.853 0.250 15.62 28.5 7.12 2.57 2.94 2.94 0.827 0.313 19.08 33.7 8.43 2.53 3.38 3.38 0.802 0.375 22.37 38.2 9.56 2.49 3.73 3.73 0.777 0.125 9.01 19.3 4.83 2.80 4.20 2.80 1.31 0.188 13.25 27.8 6.94 2.77 5.94 3.96 1.28 0.250 17.32 35.5 8.88 2.73 7.49 4.99 1.25 0.313 21.21 42.4 10.6 2.69 8.81 5.87 1.23 0.375 24.93 48.5 12.1 2.65 10.0 6.63 1.20 0.500 31.84 58.6 14.6 2.58 11.7 7.81 1.15 0.125 9.86 22.9 5.73 2.92 7.90 3.95 1.71 0.188 14.53 33.1 8.27 2.88 11.3 5.65 1.69 0.250 19.02 42.5 10.6 2.85 14.4 7.21 1.66 0.313 23.34 51.0 12.8 2.82 17.2 8.58 1.63 0.375 27.48 58.7 14.7 2.78 19.6 9.80 1.61 0.500 35.24 71.8 17.9 2.71 23.6 11.8 1.56 0.625 42.30 82.0 20.5 2.64 26.6 13.3 1.51 0.188 17.08 43.7 10.9 3.06 28.2 9.39 2.46 0.250 22.42 56.6 14.2 3.03 36.4 12.1 2.43 0.313 27.59 68.3 17.1 3.00 43.8 14.6 2.40 0.375 32.58 79.1 19.8 2.97 50.6 16.9 2.38 0.500 42.05 98.2 24.6 2.91 62.5 20.8 2.32 0.625 50.81 114 28.5 2.85 72.3 24.1 2.27 Wall Call your Independence Tube Account Representative for floor stock availability or go on-line at www.independencetube.com. 22 HSS Rectangular Dimension and Section Properties X-X AXIS OD1 OD2 3.00 9.00 5.00 7.00 2.00 4.00 10.00 6.00 8.00 Y-Y AXIS Wall Wt per ft Moment of Inertia In4 Section Modulus In³ Radius of Gyration In³ Moment of Inertia In4 Section Modulus In³ Radius of Gyration In³ 0.188 14.53 37.6 8.35 3.07 6.64 4.42 1.29 0.250 19.02 48.2 10.7 3.04 8.38 5.59 1.27 0.313 23.34 57.7 12.8 3.00 9.88 6.59 1.24 0.375 27.48 66.3 14.7 2.96 11.2 7.45 1.21 0.500 35.24 80.8 18.0 2.88 13.2 8.81 1.17 0.188 17.08 51.1 11.4 3.31 20.7 8.28 2.10 0.250 22.42 66.1 14.7 3.27 26.6 10.6 2.08 0.313 27.59 79.8 17.7 3.24 32.0 12.8 2.05 0.375 32.58 92.5 20.5 3.21 36.8 14.7 2.03 0.500 42.05 115 25.5 3.14 45.2 18.1 1.97 0.625 50.81 133 29.6 3.08 52.0 20.8 1.92 0.188 19.63 64.7 14.4 3.47 44.1 12.6 2.87 0.250 25.82 84.1 18.7 3.44 57.2 16.3 2.84 0.313 31.84 102 22.6 3.41 69.2 19.8 2.81 0.375 37.69 119 26.4 3.38 80.4 23.0 2.78 0.500 48.85 149 33.0 3.32 100 28.7 2.73 0.625 59.32 174 38.7 3.26 117 33.5 2.68 0.125 9.86 28.5 5.70 3.25 2.14 2.14 0.890 0.188 14.53 41.0 8.19 3.21 2.97 2.97 0.864 0.250 19.02 52.5 10.5 3.17 3.67 3.67 0.838 0.313 23.34 62.6 12.5 3.12 4.24 4.24 0.812 0.375 27.48 71.7 14.3 3.08 4.70 4.70 0.787 0.125 11.56 39.8 7.97 3.55 9.65 4.83 1.75 0.188 17.08 57.8 11.6 3.52 13.9 6.93 1.72 0.250 22.42 74.7 14.9 3.48 17.7 8.87 1.70 0.313 27.59 90.1 18.0 3.44 21.2 10.6 1.67 0.375 32.58 104 20.8 3.41 24.3 12.1 1.64 0.500 42.05 129 25.8 3.34 29.5 14.7 1.59 0.625 50.81 149 29.9 3.26 33.5 16.8 1.54 0.188 19.63 74.6 14.9 3.73 34.1 11.4 2.52 0.250 25.82 96.9 19.4 3.69 44.1 14.7 2.49 0.313 31.84 118 23.5 3.66 53.3 17.8 2.47 0.375 37.69 137 27.4 3.63 61.8 20.6 2.44 0.500 48.85 171 34.3 3.57 76.8 25.6 2.39 0.625 59.32 201 40.2 3.50 89.4 29.8 2.34 0.188 22.18 91.4 18.3 3.88 65.1 16.3 3.28 0.250 29.23 119 23.8 3.85 84.7 21.2 3.25 0.313 36.10 145 29.0 3.82 103 25.7 3.22 0.375 42.79 169 33.9 3.79 120 30.0 3.19 0.500 55.66 214 42.7 3.73 151 37.8 3.14 0.625 67.82 253 50.5 3.68 178 44.5 3.09 Call your Independence Tube Account Representative for floor stock availability or go on-line at www.independencetube.com. 23 HSS Rectangular Dimension and Section Properties X-X AXIS OD1 OD2 2.00 4.00 12.00 6.00 8.00 4.00 14.00 6.00 10.00 4.00 16.00 8.00 Y-Y AXIS Wall Wt per ft Moment of Inertia In4 Section Modulus In³ Radius of Gyration In³ Moment of Inertia In4 Section Modulus In³ Radius of Gyration In³ 0.188 17.08 67.4 11.2 3.80 3.55 3.55 0.872 0.250 22.42 86.9 14.5 3.75 4.41 4.41 0.845 0.313 27.59 104 17.4 3.71 5.10 5.10 0.820 0.188 19.63 91.8 15.3 4.13 16.4 8.20 1.75 0.250 25.82 119 19.9 4.10 21.0 10.5 1.72 0.313 31.84 144 24.1 4.06 25.2 12.6 1.70 0.375 37.69 168 28.0 4.02 28.9 14.5 1.67 0.500 48.85 210 34.9 3.95 35.3 17.7 1.62 0.625 59.32 245 40.8 3.87 40.4 20.2 1.57 0.188 22.18 116 19.4 4.38 40.0 13.3 2.57 0.250 29.23 151 25.2 4.34 51.9 17.3 2.54 0.313 36.10 184 30.7 4.31 62.8 20.9 2.52 0.375 42.79 215 35.9 4.28 72.9 24.3 2.49 0.500 55.66 271 45.2 4.21 91.1 30.4 2.44 0.625 67.82 321 53.4 4.14 107 35.5 2.39 0.188 24.73 140 23.4 4.56 75.7 18.9 3.35 0.250 32.63 184 30.6 4.53 98.8 24.7 3.32 0.313 40.35 224 37.4 4.50 120 30.1 3.29 0.375 47.90 262 43.7 4.47 140 35.1 3.27 0.500 62.46 333 55.6 4.41 178 44.4 3.21 0.625 76.33 397 66.1 4.34 210 52.5 3.16 0.188 22.18 137 19.5 4.74 19.0 9.48 1.77 0.250 29.23 178 25.4 4.71 24.4 12.2 1.74 0.313 36.10 216 30.9 4.67 29.2 14.6 1.72 0.375 42.79 252 36.0 4.63 33.6 16.8 1.69 0.500 55.66 317 45.3 4.55 41.2 20.6 1.64 0.625 67.82 373 53.3 4.47 47.2 23.6 1.59 0.188 24.73 170 24.3 5.01 45.9 15.3 2.61 0.250 32.63 222 31.7 4.98 59.6 19.9 2.58 0.313 40.35 271 38.7 4.94 72.3 24.1 2.55 0.370 47.90 317 45.3 4.91 84.1 28.0 2.53 0.500 62.46 402 57.4 4.84 105 35.1 2.48 0.625 76.33 478 68.3 4.77 124 41.2 2.43 0.250 39.43 310 44.3 5.35 186 37.2 4.14 0.313 48.86 380 54.3 5.32 227 45.5 4.12 0.375 58.10 447 63.9 5.29 267 53.4 4.09 0.500 76.07 573 81.8 5.23 341 68.1 4.04 0.625 93.34 687 98.2 5.17 407 81.5 3.98 0.188 24.73 193 24.2 5.35 21.5 10.8 1.78 0.250 32.63 253 31.6 5.31 27.7 13.8 1.76 0.313 40.35 308 38.5 5.27 33.2 16.6 1.73 0.375 47.90 360 45.0 5.23 38.3 19.1 1.71 0.500 62.46 455 56.9 5.15 47.0 23.5 1.65 0.625 76.33 539 67.3 5.06 54.1 27.0 1.60 0.250 39.43 368 46.1 5.83 127 31.7 3.42 0.313 48.86 451 56.4 5.80 155 38.7 3.40 0.375 58.10 531 66.3 5.77 181 45.3 3.37 0.500 76.07 679 84.9 5.70 230 57.6 3.32 0.625 93.34 815 102 5.64 274 68.6 3.27 Call your Independence Tube Account Representative for floor stock availability or go on-line at www.independencetube.com. 24 HSS Rounds INDEPENDENCE TUBE produces round tubing from 1.66" OD x .109" wall through 16" OD x .625" wall to ASTM A500, ASTM A252 and ASTM A513. CHICAGO: 4.00" OD 5.00" OD 5.50" OD 5.563" OD 6.00" OD 6.625" OD Walls from .125" to .375" MARSEILLES: 1.66" OD 5.00" OD 1.75" OD 6.625" OD 1.90" OD 7.00" OD 2.375" OD 8.625" OD 2.875" OD 9.625" OD 3.00" OD 10.75" OD 4.00" OD 12.00" OD 4.50" OD 12.75" OD Walls from .109" to .625" DECATUR: 6.625" OD 8.625" OD 10.75" OD 12.75" OD 14.00" OD 16.00" OD Walls from .188" to .625" In-house band saw cutting available. Flash removal available on some sizes – contact your Independence Tube Sales Representative for details. The information presented in this publication has been prepared in accordance with recognized engineering principles and is for general information only. While it is believed to be accurate, this information should not be used or relied upon for any specific application without competent professional examination and verification of its accuracy, suitability and applicability by a licensed professional engineer, designer or architect. The publication of the material contained herein is not intended as a representation or warranty on the part of “Independence Tube Corporation” or of any other person named herein, that this information is suitable use of this information assumes all liability arising from such use. Caution must be exercised when relying upon specifications and codes developed by other bodies and incorporated by reference herein since such material may be modified or amended from time to time subsequent to the printing of this publication. Independence Tube Corporation bears no responsibility for such material other than to refer to it and incorporate it by reference at the time of the initial publication of this edition. To the best of our knowledge, all information contained herein is correct at the time of publication. Independence Tube Corporation does not assume responsibility for errors or oversights resulting from the use of the information contained herein. 25 Fy=50 HSS/Round Structural Steel Tubing Allowable Concentric Loads in Kips Nominal Outside ERW 16.000 14.000 12.750 10.750 9.625 Wall Thickness 0.500 0.438 0.375 0.312 0.500 0.375 0.312 0.500 0.375 0.250 0.500 0.365 0.250 0.500 0.375 0.312 0.250 0.188 Weight per Foot 82.77 72.80 62.58 52.28 72.08 54.57 45.61 65.42 49.56 33.38 54.74 40.48 28.04 48.73 37.05 31.03 25.03 18.95 Design Wall Thickness 0.465 0.407 0.349 0.291 0.465 0.349 0.291 0.465 0.349 0.233 0.465 0.340 0.233 0.465 0.349 0.291 0.233 0.174 Effective length KL in feet Fy = 50 ksi 0 681 597 516 432 594 450 375 537 408 275 450 333 231 402 306 256 206 155 2 674 591 511 428 587 445 371 530 403 271 443 328 227 395 301 251 203 152 3 670 588 508 425 583 442 368 526 400 269 439 358 225 391 297 249 200 151 4 666 584 505 423 579 439 366 522 397 267 435 322 223 386 294 246 198 149 5 662 581 502 420 575 436 363 518 393 265 430 318 221 381 290 243 196 147 6 658 577 499 417 570 432 360 513 390 263 425 315 218 376 287 240 193 145 7 653 573 495 415 565 429 357 508 386 260 419 311 216 370 282 236 190 143 8 648 567 491 412 560 425 354 503 382 258 414 307 213 364 278 233 187 141 9 643 564 488 408 555 421 351 497 378 255 408 302 210 358 273 229 184 139 10 638 559 484 405 549 417 347 491 374 252 402 298 207 352 268 225 181 136 11 632 555 479 402 544 412 344 485 369 249 395 293 204 345 263 220 178 134 12 627 550 475 398 537 408 340 479 364 246 388 288 200 338 258 216 174 131 13 621 544 471 394 531 403 336 473 360 243 381 283 197 330 252 211 170 129 14 615 539 466 391 525 398 332 466 355 239 374 278 193 322 246 206 167 126 15 608 534 462 387 518 393 328 459 349 236 367 272 189 314 240 202 163 123 16 602 528 457 383 511 388 324 452 344 232 359 266 186 306 234 196 159 120 17 595 522 452 378 504 383 319 444 339 229 351 261 182 298 228 191 154 116 18 588 516 447 374 497 377 315 437 333 225 342 255 177 389 221 186 150 113 19 581 510 441 370 489 372 310 429 327 221 334 248 173 280 214 180 146 110 20 574 504 436 365 482 366 305 421 321 217 325 242 169 270 207 174 141 106 103 21 567 498 430 361 474 360 301 413 315 213 316 236 164 261 200 168 136 22 559 491 425 356 466 354 296 405 309 209 307 229 160 251 193 162 131 99 23 552 484 419 351 458 348 290 396 302 204 298 222 155 241 185 156 126 96 24 544 477 413 346 449 342 285 387 296 200 288 215 150 230 178 149 121 92 25 536 470 407 341 441 335 280 378 289 196 278 208 145 219 170 143 116 88 26 528 463 401 336 432 329 275 369 282 191 268 200 140 208 161 136 110 84 27 519 456 395 331 423 322 269 360 275 186 257 193 135 197 153 129 105 80 28 511 449 389 326 414 315 263 350 268 182 247 185 130 185 144 122 99 75 29 502 441 382 320 405 308 258 340 261 177 236 177 124 173 135 114 93 71 30 494 434 375 315 395 301 252 330 253 172 224 169 119 162 126 107 87 66 31 485 426 369 309 386 294 246 320 245 167 213 160 113 152 118 100 82 62 32 476 418 362 304 376 287 240 310 238 162 201 152 107 142 111 94 77 58 33 466 410 355 298 366 279 234 299 230 156 189 143 101 134 104 88 72 55 34 457 402 348 292 356 272 227 288 222 151 178 135 96 126 98 83 68 52 35 447 393 341 286 345 264 221 277 213 146 168 127 90 119 93 79 64 49 36 438 385 333 280 335 256 214 266 205 140 159 120 85 113 88 74 61 46 37 428 376 326 274 324 248 208 255 196 134 151 114 81 107 83 70 57 44 41 38 418 367 318 268 313 240 201 243 188 128 143 108 77 101 79 67 54 39 407 358 311 261 302 231 194 231 179 122 136 102 73 96 75 63 52 39 40 397 349 303 255 290 223 187 220 170 117 129 97 69 91 71 60 49 37 Area, In² 22.7 19.9 17.2 14.4 19.8 15.0 12.5 17.9 13.6 9.2 15.0 11.1 7.8 13.4 10.2 8.53 6.87 5.17 I, In4 685 606 526 443 453 349 295 339 262 180 199 151 106 141 110 93.0 75.9 57.7 r, In. 5.49 5.51 5.53 5.55 4.79 4.83 4.85 4.35 4.39 4.43 3.64 3.68 3.72 3.24 3.28 3.30 3.32 3.34 B, Bending Factor 0.265 0.263 0.262 0.260 0.306 0.301 0.297 0.337 0.331 0.324 0.405 0.395 0.390 0.457 0.446 0.441 0.436 0.431 a ÷ 106 102.0 90.5 78.5 66.2 67.6 52.1 44.1 50.6 39.1 26.9 29.7 22.5 15.8 21.1 16.4 13.9 11.3 8.62 PROPERTIES 26 Fy=50 HSS/Round Structural Steel Tubing Allowable Concentric Loads in Kips Nominal Outside ERW 8.625 7.000 6.625 Wall Thickness 0.500 0.375 0.322 0.250 0.188 0.500 0.375 0.312 0.250 0.188 0.125 0.500 0.432 0.375 0.312 0.280 0.250 0.188 0.125 Weight per Foot 43.39 33.04 28.55 22.36 16.94 34.71 26.53 22.29 18.02 13.68 9.18 32.71 28.57 25.03 21.04 18.97 17.02 12.20 8.68 Design Wall Thickness 0.465 0.349 0.300 0.233 0.174 0.465 0.349 0.291 0.233 0.174 0.116 0.465 0.403 0.349 0.291 0.261 0.233 0.174 0.116 Effective length KL in feet Fy = 50 ksi 0 357 272 236 184 139 287 219 184 149 112 76 270 236 206 174 157 140 106 71 2 350 267 231 181 136 279 213 179 145 109 73 263 230 201 169 152 137 103 69 3 346 264 228 178 134 275 210 176 143 107 72 258 226 197 166 150 134 101 68 4 341 260 225 176 133 270 206 173 140 106 71 253 221 194 163 147 132 100 67 5 336 256 222 174 131 264 202 170 137 104 70 247 217 189 159 144 129 97 65 6 330 252 218 171 129 258 197 166 134 101 68 241 211 185 156 140 126 95 64 7 324 248 215 168 127 252 193 162 131 99 67 234 206 180 152 137 123 93 62 8 318 243 211 165 124 245 187 158 128 96 65 227 199 175 147 133 119 90 61 9 312 238 206 162 122 238 182 153 124 94 63 220 193 169 143 129 116 87 59 10 305 233 202 158 119 230 176 149 120 91 61 212 186 162 138 124 112 84 57 11 298 228 197 155 117 222 170 144 116 88 59 204 179 157 133 120 108 81 55 12 290 222 193 151 114 214 164 138 112 85 57 195 172 150 127 115 103 78 53 13 282 216 188 147 111 205 157 133 108 82 55 186 164 144 122 110 99 75 51 14 274 210 182 143 108 196 151 127 103 78 53 176 155 137 116 105 94 71 48 15 266 204 177 139 105 186 143 121 99 75 51 166 147 129 110 99 89 68 46 16 257 197 171 135 102 176 136 115 94 71 48 156 138 122 103 94 84 64 43 17 248 191 166 130 98 166 128 109 89 67 46 145 129 114 97 88 79 60 41 18 239 184 160 125 95 155 120 102 83 63 43 134 119 105 90 82 74 56 38 19 229 176 153 121 91 144 112 95 78 59 40 123 109 97 83 75 68 52 35 20 219 169 147 116 88 133 104 88 72 55 38 111 99 88 75 69 62 48 32 21 209 161 141 111 84 121 95 81 66 51 35 101 90 80 68 62 56 43 29 22 198 153 134 105 80 110 86 74 61 46 32 92 82 73 62 57 51 39 27 23 187 145 127 100 76 101 79 67 55 42 29 84 75 66 57 52 47 36 25 24 176 137 120 95 72 93 72 62 51 39 27 77 69 61 52 48 43 33 23 25 164 128 112 89 68 85 67 57 47 36 25 71 63 56 48 44 40 30 21 26 152 119 105 83 63 79 62 53 43 33 23 66 59 52 45 41 37 28 19 27 141 111 97 77 59 73 57 49 40 31 21 61 54 48 41 38 34 26 18 28 131 103 90 72 55 68 53 46 37 29 20 57 50 45 38 35 32 24 17 29 123 96 84 67 51 63 50 42 35 27 18 53 47 42 36 33 29 23 15 30 115 90 79 62 48 59 46 40 33 25 17 49 44 39 33 30 28 21 14 31 107 84 74 58 45 55 43 37 31 23 16 46 41 37 31 29 26 20 14 32 101 79 69 55 42 52 41 35 29 22 15 43 39 34 29 27 24 19 13 33 95 74 65 52 39 49 38 33 27 21 14 41 36 32 28 25 23 17 12 34 89 70 61 49 37 46 36 31 25 19 13 38 34 30 26 24 21 16 11 35 84 66 58 46 35 44 34 29 24 18 13 36 32 29 25 22 20 16 11 34 31 10 36 80 62 55 43 33 41 32 28 23 17 12 37 75 59 52 41 31 39 30 26 21 16 11 38 71 56 49 39 30 37 29 25 20 16 11 27 23 19 15 10 14 10 27 23 21 19 15 26 22 20 18 14 9 13 9 39 68 53 47 37 28 40 64 50 44 35 27 Area, In² 11.9 9.07 7.85 6.14 4.62 9.55 7.29 6.13 4.95 3.73 2.51 9.00 7.88 6.88 5.79 5.22 4.68 3.53 2.37 I, In4 99.5 77.8 68.1 54.1 41.3 51.2 40.4 34.6 28.4 21.7 14.9 42.9 38.3 34.0 29.1 26.5 23.9 18.4 12.6 2.89 2.93 2.95 2.97 2.99 2.32 2.35 2.37 2.39 2.41 2.43 2.18 2.20 2.22 2.24 2.25 2.26 2.28 2.30 PROPERTIES r, In. B, Bending Factor a ÷ 106 27 0.516 0.503 0.497 0.489 0.482 0.653 0.632 0.620 0.610 0.602 0.590 0.695 0.682 0.670 0.659 0.653 0.649 0.635 0.623 14.9 11.6 10.2 8.08 6.17 7.65 6.03 5.17 4.24 3.24 2.23 6.41 5.72 5.08 4.35 3.96 3.57 2.75 1.88 Fy=50 HSS/Round Structural Steel Tubing Allowable Concentric Loads in Kips ERW 6.000 5.563 5.500 5.000 4.500 0.500 0.375 0.312 0.280 0.250 0.188 0.125 0.375 0.258 0.188 0.375 0.258 0.375 0.312 0.258 0.250 0.188 0.125 0.337 0.237 0.188 29.37 23.03 18.95 17.11 15.35 11.67 7.84 20.78 14.62 10.79 20.53 14.44 18.52 15.62 13.07 12.68 9.66 6.51 14.98 10.79 8.66 0.125 5.84 0.465 0.349 0.291 0.261 0.233 0.174 0.116 0.349 0.241 0.174 0.349 0.241 0.349 0.291 0.241 0.233 0.174 0.116 0.315 0.221 0.174 0.116 243 186 157 141 127 95 64 172 121 89 170 119 153 129 108 105 79 53 124 89 71 48 235 180 152 137 123 93 62 166 117 86 164 115 147 124 104 101 76 51 119 85 68 46 230 177 149 134 120 91 61 162 114 84 160 113 143 121 101 98 74 50 115 83 66 45 225 173 146 131 118 89 60 158 112 82 156 110 139 117 98 95 72 49 111 80 64 43 219 168 142 128 115 87 58 154 108 80 151 107 134 113 95 92 70 47 107 77 61 42 213 164 138 125 112 84 57 149 105 77 146 104 129 109 92 89 67 46 102 73 59 40 206 158 134 121 108 82 55 143 101 75 141 100 123 105 88 85 65 44 96 70 56 38 198 153 129 117 105 79 53 138 97 72 135 96 117 100 84 81 62 42 91 66 52 36 190 147 124 112 101 76 51 132 93 69 129 92 111 94 79 77 59 40 84 61 49 34 182 141 119 108 97 73 49 125 89 66 123 87 104 89 74 72 55 37 78 57 46 31 173 134 114 103 92 70 47 118 84 62 116 83 97 83 69 68 52 35 71 52 42 29 164 127 108 98 88 67 45 111 79 59 109 78 89 76 64 63 48 33 63 47 38 26 154 120 102 92 83 63 43 104 74 55 101 73 81 70 59 57 44 30 56 41 34 23 144 113 96 87 78 59 40 96 69 51 93 67 73 63 53 52 40 27 48 36 29 20 134 105 89 81 73 56 38 88 63 47 85 61 64 55 47 46 36 24 42 31 25 18 123 97 83 75 68 52 35 79 57 43 77 56 56 9 41 40 31 22 37 27 22 16 111 88 76 69 62 47 32 70 51 39 68 49 50 43 36 36 28 19 33 24 20 14 99 79 68 62 56 43 30 63 46 34 61 44 44 38 33 32 25 17 29 22 18 12 89 71 61 56 50 39 27 56 41 31 54 40 40 34 29 29 22 15 26 19 16 11 81 64 55 50 46 35 24 51 37 28 49 36 36 31 26 26 20 14 24 18 14 10 73 58 50 46 41 32 22 46 33 25 44 32 33 28 24 23 18 13 21 16 13 9 67 53 46 42 38 29 20 42 31 23 41 30 30 26 22 21 17 11 19 15 12 8 61 49 42 38 34 26 18 38 28 21 37 27 27 24 20 20 15 10 18 13 11 8 56 45 38 35 32 24 17 35 26 19 34 25 25 22 18 18 14 10 16 12 10 7 52 41 35 32 29 22 15 32 24 18 31 23 23 20 17 17 13 9 11 9 6 48 38 33 30 27 21 14 30 22 17 29 21 21 18 16 15 12 8 44 35 30 28 25 19 13 28 20 15 27 20 20 17 14 14 11 8 41 33 28 26 23 18 12 26 19 14 25 18 13 13 10 7 38 31 26 24 22 17 11 24 18 13 23 17 36 29 25 22 20 16 11 23 16 12 22 16 34 27 23 21 19 15 10 15 12 31 25 22 20 18 14 9 24 20 18 Fy = 50 ksi 17 13 9 16 12 8 15 PROPERTIES 8.09 6.20 5.22 4.71 4.22 3.18 2.14 5.72 4.03 2.95 5.65 3.98 5.10 4.30 3.60 3.49 2.64 1.78 4.14 2.97 2.36 1.60 31.2 24.8 21.3 19.4 17.6 13.5 9.3 19.5 14.3 10.7 18.8 13.8 13.9 12.0 10.2 9.94 7.69 5.31 9.12 6.82 5.54 3.84 1.96 2.00 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.06 2.08 1.85 1.88 1.91 1.83 1.86 1.65 1.67 1.68 1.69 1.71 1.73 1.48 1.51 1.53 1.55 0.778 0.750 0.735 0.728 0.719 0.707 0.692 0.816 0.784 0.767 0.826 0.793 0.917 0.896 0.882 0.878 0.858 0.838 1.02 0.980 0.958 0.938 4.66 3.70 3.18 2.90 2.63 2.02 1.39 2.91 2.14 1.60 2.81 2.06 2.08 1.79 1.52 1.48 1.15 0.79 1.36 1.02 0.827 0.573 28 Fy=50 HSS/Round Structural Steel Tubing Allowable Concentric Loads in Kips ERW Nominal Outside 4.000 3.500 Wall Thickness 0.337 0.313 0.250 0.237 0.226 0.220 0.188 0.125 0.313 0.300 0.250 0.216 0.203 0.188 Weight per Foot 13.18 12.33 10.01 9.52 9.11 8.88 7.65 5.17 10.65 10.25 8.68 7.58 7.15 6.65 0.125 4.51 Design Wall Thickness 0.315 0.291 0.233 0.221 0.211 0.205 0.174 0.116 0.291 0.280 0.233 0.201 0.189 0.174 0.116 0 110 102 93 79 75 73 63 43 88 85 72 62 59 55 37 2 104 97 79 75 72 70 60 41 82 80 67 59 56 51 35 3 100 93 76 72 69 67 58 39 79 76 65 56 53 49 33 4 96 89 73 69 66 64 55 38 75 72 61 53 51 47 32 5 91 85 69 66 63 61 53 36 70 68 58 50 48 44 30 6 86 80 65 62 60 58 50 34 65 63 53 47 44 41 28 7 80 75 61 58 56 54 47 32 59 57 49 43 41 38 26 8 74 69 57 54 52 50 43 30 53 51 44 39 37 34 23 9 68 63 52 49 47 46 40 27 47 45 39 34 32 30 21 10 61 57 47 45 43 42 36 25 39 38 33 29 28 26 18 11 53 50 41 39 38 37 32 22 33 32 28 24 23 22 15 12 45 43 35 34 32 32 24 19 27 26 23 21 19 18 13 13 38 36 30 29 28 27 23 16 23 23 20 17 17 16 11 14 33 31 26 25 24 23 20 14 20 19 17 15 14 13 9 15 29 27 23 22 21 20 18 12 18 17 15 13 12 12 8 16 25 24 20 19 18 18 15 11 15 15 13 12 11 10 7 17 22 21 18 17 16 16 14 10 14 13 12 10 10 9 6 18 20 19 16 15 14 14 12 9 12 12 10 9 9 8 6 19 18 17 14 14 13 13 11 8 11 11 9 8 8 7 5 20 16 15 13 12 12 11 10 7 21 15 Effective length KL in feet Fy = 50 ksi 22 14 11 11 11 10 9 6 13 10 10 10 9 8 6 5 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 PROPERTIES 29 Area, In² 3.65 3.39 2.76 2.51 2.44 2.09 2.09 1.42 3.81 3.70 3.21 2.84 2.70 2.52 1.77 I, In4 6.24 5.87 4.91 4.52 4.41 3.83 3.83 2.67 1.14 1.14 1.16 1.17 1.17 1.18 1.20 r, In. 1.31 1.32 1.33 1.34 1.34 1.35 1.35 1.37 1.35 1.34 1.30 1.28 1.28 1.26 1.19 B, Bending Factor 1.17 1.16 1.12 1.11 1.11 1.09 1.09 1.06 0.569 0.553 0.479 0.424 0.403 0.375 0.264 a ÷ 106 0.932 0.877 0.733 0.675 0.659 0.572 0.572 0.399 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Fy=50 HSS/Round Structural Steel Tubing Allowable Concentric Loads in Kips ERW 3.000 0.300 0.250 0.216 0.203 2.875 0.188 0.152 0.134 0.120 0.250 0.203 2.375 0.188 0.125 0.250 0.218 0.188 0.154 0.125 1.900 1.660 0.145 0.140 8.65 7.34 6.42 6.06 5.65 4.62 4.10 3.69 7.01 5.79 5.40 3.67 5.67 5.02 4.39 3.65 3.00 2.72 2.27 0.280 0.233 0.201 0.189 0.174 0.142 0.125 0.112 0.233 0.189 0.174 0.116 0.233 0.204 0.174 0.143 0.116 0.135 0.130 72 61 53 50 46 38 34 31 58 48 44 30 47 42 36 30 25 23 19 66 56 49 47 43 35 32 28 53 44 41 28 42 38 32 27 22 20 16 63 53 47 44 41 34 30 27 50 42 39 27 39 35 30 25 21 17 13 58 50 44 41 38 31 28 25 47 39 36 25 35 31 27 23 19 15 11 53 46 40 38 35 29 26 23 43 35 33 23 30 27 24 20 16 12 8 48 41 36 34 32 26 24 21 38 32 30 20 25 23 20 17 14 8 5 42 36 32 30 28 23 21 19 33 28 26 18 19 17 15 13 11 6 4 36 31 27 26 24 20 18 16 27 23 22 15 15 13 12 10 9 5 3 29 25 22 21 20 17 15 14 22 18 17 12 12 11 9 8 7 4 2 23 20 18 17 16 13 12 11 18 15 14 10 9 9 8 6 5 3 19 17 15 14 13 11 10 9 15 12 12 8 8 7 6 5 4 16 14 13 12 11 9 8 8 12 10 10 7 7 6 5 5 4 14 12 11 10 9 8 7 7 10 9 8 6 4 4 3 12 10 9 9 8 7 6 6 9 8 7 5 10 9 8 8 7 6 5 5 8 7 6 4 9 8 7 7 6 5 5 4 4 4 Fy = 50 ksi 4 PROPERTIES 2.39 2.03 1.77 1.67 1.54 1.27 1.13 1.02 1.93 1.59 1.48 1.01 1.57 1.39 1.20 1.00 0.82 0.75 0.62 2.24 1.95 1.74 1.66 1.55 1.30 1.17 1.06 1.70 1.45 1.35 0.96 0.910 0.827 0.733 0.627 0.527 0.293 0.184 0.967 0.982 0.992 0.996 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.02 0.938 0.952 0.957 0.976 0.762 0.771 0.781 0.791 0.800 0.626 0.543 1.60 1.56 1.53 1.51 1.49 1.47 1.45 1.44 1.63 1.58 1.58 1.52 2.05 2.00 1.94 1.89 1.85 2.43 2.80 0.335 0.291 0.260 0.248 0.231 0.194 0.175 0.158 0.254 0.217 0.202 0.143 0.136 0.123 1.090 0.094 0.079 0.044 0.027 30 HSS Rounds Dimension and Section Properties OD Wall Wt per ft Moment of Inertia In4 Section Modulus In³ Radius of Gyration In³ 1.660 0.140 0.120 0.145 0.188 0.125 0.154 0.188 0.218 0.250 0.125 0.188 0.250 0.125 0.188 0.203 0.250 0.125 0.134 0.152 0.188 0.203 0.216 0.250 0.125 0.188 0.203 0.216 0.250 0.300 0.313 0.125 0.188 0.220 0.226 0.237 0.250 0.313 0.125 0.188 0.237 0.337 0.375 0.125 0.188 0.250 0.258 0.312 0.375 0.258 0.375 0.500 0.134 0.188 0.258 0.375 0.500 2.27 2.28 2.72 3.44 3.01 3.66 4.40 5.03 5.68 3.17 4.65 6.01 3.67 5.40 5.80 7.02 3.84 4.11 4.63 5.65 6.07 6.43 7.35 4.51 6.66 7.15 7.58 8.69 10.26 10.66 5.18 7.66 8.89 9.12 9.53 10.00 12.34 5.85 8.67 10.80 15.00 16.54 6.51 9.67 12.69 13.08 15.64 18.54 14.46 20.55 26.73 7.78 10.80 14.63 20.80 27.06 0.184 0.251 0.293 0.355 0.527 0.627 0.733 0.824 0.910 0.619 0.865 1.08 0.958 1.35 1.45 1.70 1.09 1.16 1.30 1.55 1.66 1.74 1.95 1.77 2.52 2.70 2.84 3.21 3.69 3.81 2.67 3.83 4.41 4.50 4.68 4.91 5.87 3.84 5.54 6.79 9.07 9.87 5.31 7.69 9.94 10.2 12.0 13.9 13.7 18.8 23.5 7.84 10.7 14.2 19.5 24.4 0.222 0.264 0.309 0.374 0.443 0.528 0.617 0.694 0.766 0.495 0.692 0.862 0.667 0.941 1.01 1.18 0.730 0.774 0.865 1.03 1.10 1.16 1.30 1.01 1.44 1.54 1.63 1.83 2.11 2.18 1.34 1.92 2.21 2.25 2.34 2.45 2.93 1.71 2.46 3.02 4.03 4.39 2.12 3.08 3.97 4.08 4.79 5.55 5.00 6.84 8.55 2.82 3.85 5.12 7.02 8.77 0.543 0.634 0.626 0.613 0.800 0.791 0.781 0.771 0.762 0.844 0.825 0.806 0.976 0.957 0.952 0.938 1.02 1.02 1.01 1.00 0.996 0.992 0.982 1.20 1.18 1.17 1.17 1.16 1.14 1.14 1.37 1.35 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.33 1.32 1.55 1.53 1.52 1.48 1.47 1.73 1.71 1.69 1.69 1.67 1.65 1.86 1.83 1.79 1.92 1.91 1.88 1.85 1.81 1.900 2.375 2.500 2.875 3.000 3.500 4.000 4.500 5.000 5.500 5.563 Call your Independence Tube Account Representative for floor stock availability or go on-line at www.independencetube.com. 31 HSS Rounds Dimension and Section Properties OD 6.000 6.625 7.000 8.625 9.625 10.750 12.750 14.000 16.000 Wall Wt per ft Moment of Inertia In4 Section Modulus In³ Radius of Gyration In³ 0.125 0.188 0.250 0.280 0.312 0.375 0.500 0.125 0.188 0.250 0.280 0.312 0.375 0.432 0.500 0.125 0.188 0.250 0.312 0.375 0.500 0.188 0.250 0.322 0.375 0.500 0.625 0.188 0.250 0.312 0.375 0.500 0.250 0.375 0.500 0.250 0.375 0.500 0.250 0.312 0.375 0.500 0.625 0.250 0.312 0.375 0.438 0.500 0.625 7.85 11.68 15.37 17.12 18.97 22.55 29.40 8.69 12.94 17.04 18.99 21.06 25.06 28.60 32.74 9.19 13.69 18.04 22.31 26.56 34.74 16.96 22.38 28.58 33.07 43.43 53.45 18.97 25.06 31.06 37.08 48.77 28.06 41.59 54.79 33.41 49.61 65.48 36.75 45.65 54.62 72.16 89.36 42.09 52.32 62.64 72.87 82.85 103.00 9.28 13.5 17.6 19.3 21.3 24.8 31.2 12.6 18.4 23.9 26.4 29.1 34.0 38.2 42.9 14.9 21.7 28.4 34.6 40.4 51.2 41.3 54.1 68.1 77.8 100 119 57.7 75.9 93.0 110 141 106 154 199 180 262 339 239 295 349 453 552 359 443 526 606 685 838 3.09 4.51 5.86 6.45 7.11 8.28 10.4 3.79 5.54 7.22 7.96 8.79 10.3 11.5 13.0 4.25 6.21 8.11 9.88 11.6 14.6 9.57 12.5 15.8 18.0 23.1 27.7 12.0 15.8 19.3 22.8 29.2 19.8 28.7 37.0 28.2 41.0 53.2 34.1 42.1 49.8 64.8 78.9 44.8 55.4 65.7 75.8 85.7 105 2.08 2.06 2.04 2.03 2.02 2.00 1.96 2.30 2.28 2.26 2.25 2.24 2.22 2.20 2.18 2.43 2.41 2.39 2.37 2.35 2.32 2.99 2.97 2.95 2.93 2.89 2.85 3.34 3.32 3.30 3.28 3.24 3.72 3.68 3.64 4.43 4.39 4.35 4.87 4.85 4.83 4.79 4.75 5.58 5.55 5.53 5.51 5.49 5.46 Call your Independence Tube Account Representative for floor stock availability or go on-line at www.independencetube.com. 32 Definitions of the SI / Metric Base Units Unit of length meter The meter is the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299,792,458 of a second. Unit of mass kilogram The kilogram is the unit of mass; it is equal to the mass of the international prototype of the kilogram. Unit of time second The second is the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the cesium 133 atom. Unit of electric current ampere The ampere is that constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallel conductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1 meter apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a force equal to 2 x 10-7 newton per meter of length. Unit of thermodynamic temperature kelvin The kelvin, unit of thermodynamic temperature, is the fraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water. Unit of amount of substance mole 1. The mole is the amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon 12; its symbol is “mol.” 2. When the mole is used, the elementary entities must be specified and may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, other particles, or specified groups of such particles. Unit of luminous intensity candela The candela is the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 x 1012 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian. 33 Length Metric System 1 millimeter = 1/1,000 meter 1 centimeter = 1/100 meter decimeter = 1/10 meter 1 meter (basic unit of length) 1 dekameter = 10 meters 1 kilometer = 1,000 meters American and British Units 1 inch = 1/36 yard = 1/12 foot 1 foot = 1/3 yard 1 yard (basic unit of length) 1 rod = 5½ yards 1 furlong = 220 yards = 40 rods 1 mile = 1,760 yards = 5,280 feet 1 fathom = 6 feet 1 nautical mile = 6,076.1 feet Conversion Factors 1 centimeter = 0.39 inch 1 inch = 2.54 centimeters 1 meter = 39.37 inches 1 foot = 0.305 meter 1 meter = 3.28 feet 1 yard = 0.914 meter 1 meter = 1.094 yards 1 kilometer = 0.62 mile 1 mile = 1.609 kilometers Area Metric System 1 square centimeter = 1/10,000 square meter 1 square decimeter = 1/100 square meter 1 square meter (basic unit of area) 1 are = 100 square meters 1 hectare = 10,000 square meters = 100 ares 1 square kilometer = 1,000,000 square meters American and British Units 1 square inch = 1/1,296 square yard = 1/144 square foot 1 square foot = 1/9 square yard 1 square yard (basic unit of area) 1 square rod = 30 1/4 square yards 1 acre = 4,840 square yards = 160 square rods 1 square mile = 3,097,600 square yards = 640 acres Conversion Factors 1 square centimeter = 0.155 square inch 1 square inch = 6.45 square centimeters 1 acre = 0.405 hectare 1 hectare = 2.47 acres 1 square kilometer = 0.386 square mile 1 square mile = 2.59 square kilometers Volume and Capacity (Liquid and Dry) Metric System 1 cubic centimeter = 1/1,000,000 cubic meter 1 cubic decimeter = 1/1,000 cubic meter 1 cubic meter = 1 stere (basic unit of volume) 1 milliliter = 1/1,000 liter = 1 cubic centimeter 1 centiliter = 1/100 liter 1 deciliter = 1/10 liter 1 liter = 1 cubic decimeter (basic unit of capacity) 1 dekaliter = 10 liters 1 hectoliter = 100 liters = 1/10 cubic meter American and British Units 1 cubic inch = 1/46,656 cubic yard = 1/1,728 cubic foot 1 cubic foot = 1/27 cubic yard 1 cubic yard (basic unit of volume) 1 U.S. fluid ounce = 1/128 U.S. gallon = 1/16 U.S. pint 1 British imperial fluid ounce = 1/160 imperial gallon = 1/20 imperial pint 1 pint = 1/8 gallon = ½ quart 1 quart = 1/4 gallon 1 U.S. gallon (basic unit of liquid capacity in the United States) = 231 cubic inches 1 imperial gallon (basic unit of liquid capacity in some Commonwealth nations) = 277.4 cubic inches 1 dry pint = 1/64 bushel = ½ dry quart 1 dry quart = 1/32 bushel = 1/8 peck 1 peck = 1/4 bushel 1 U.S. bushel (basic unit of dry capacity in the United States) = 2,150.4 cubic inches 1 imperial bushel (basic unit of dry capacity in some Commonwealth nations) = 2,219.4 cubic inches Conversion Factors 1 cubic centimeter = 0.06 cubic inch 1 cubic inch = 16.4 cubic centimeters 1 cubic yard = 0.765 cubic meter 1 cubic meter = 1.3 cubic yards 1 milliliter = 0.034 fluid ounce 1 fluid ounce = 29.6 milliliters 1 U.S. quart = 0.946 liter 1 liter = 1.06 U.S. quarts 1 U.S. gallon = 3.8 liters 1 imperial gallon = 1.2 U.S. gallons = 4.5 liters 1 liter = 0.9 dry quart 1 dry quart = 1.1 liters 1 dekaliter = 0.28 U.S. bushel 1 U.S. bushel = 0.97 imperial bushel = 3.5 dekaliters Weight (Mass) Metric System 1 milligram = 1/1,000,000 kilogram = 1/1,000 gram 1 centigram = 1/100,000 kilogram = 1/100 gram 1 decigram = 1/10,000 kilogram = 1/10 gram 1 gram = 1/1,000 kilogram 1 dekagram = 1/100 kilogram = 10 grams 1 hectogram = 1/10 kilogram = 100 grams 1 kilogram (basic unit of weight or mass) 1 metric ton = 1,000 kilograms American and British Units: Avoirdupois 1 grain = 1/7,000 pound = 1/437.5 ounce 1 dram = 1/256 pound = 1/16 ounce 1 ounce = 1/16 pound 1 pound (basic unit of weight or mass) 1 short hundredweight = 100 pounds 1 long hundredweight = 112 pounds 1 short ton = 2,000 pounds 1 long ton = 2,240 pounds American and British Units: Troy and Apothecaries’ 1 grain = 1/7,000 avoirdupois pound = 1/5,760 troy or apothecaries’ pound 1 apothecaries’ scruple = 20 grains = 1/3 dram 1 pennyweight = 24 grains = 1/20 troy ounce 1 apothecaries’ dram = 60 grains = 1/8 apothecaries’ ounce 1 troy or apothecaries’ ounce = 480 grains = 1/12 troy or apothecaries’ pound 1 troy or apothecaries’ pound = 5,760 grains = 5,760/7,000 avoirdupois pound Conversion Factors 1 milligram = 0.015 grain 1 grain = 64.8 milligrams 1 gram = 0.035 avoirdupois ounce 1 avoirdupois ounce = 28.35 grams 1 troy or apothecaries’ pound = 0.82 avoirdupois pound = 0.37 kilogram 1 avoirdupois pound = 1.2 troy or apothecaries’ pounds = 0.45 kilogram 1 kilogram = 2.205 avoirdupois pounds 1 short ton = 0.9 metric ton 1 metric ton = 1.1 short tons 34 U.S. Weights And Measures Tables Linear Measure 12 inches (in.) = 1 foot (ft.) 1 mil = 0 .001 in. = 1 yard (yd) 3 feet = 36" Surveyors’ Measurements 1 link = 7.92 in = 5½ yards 1 rod (rd) = 16.5 ft. = 4 rods = 22 yds. 1 chain = 66 ft = 100 links = 1 furlong (fur) 40 rods = 220 yds = 660 ft. = 1 statute mile (mi.) = 80 chains 8 furlongs = 1,760 yds = 5,280 ft. 5,280 feet = 1 statute or land mile Nautical Measurements = 2 yds 1 fathom = 6 ft. 100 fathoms = 1 cable length 10 cables length = 1 international nautical mile = 1 international nautical mile = length of a minute oflongitude at 6,076.11549 feet equator = 1.1508 statute miles 3 nautical miles = 1 league = 1 nautical mile per hour 1 knot = 1.1508 statute miles per hour = 1 degree of a great circle of earth 60 nautical miles (latitude) = circumference of earth at equator 360 degrees = 21,600 nautical miles = 24,856.8 statute miles 35 Area Measure 1 sq ft. = 144 square inches = 9 sq. ft 1 sq yd = 1,296 sq in. = 30.25 square yards 1 sq rod = 272.25 sq ft. = 625 sq. links = 160 square rods 1 acre = 4,840 sq yds = 43,560 sq ft. 1 sq mi. = 640 acres = 1 section (of land) = 6 miles square 1 township = 36 sections = 36 sq mi. Volumes - Cubic 1,728 cubic inches = 0 27 cubic feet = 1 cu yd Volumes - Liquid Measure = 4 gills (gi) 1 pint (pt) = 16 fluid ounces (oz) = 28.875 cu in. = 2 pints 1 quart (qt) = 57.75 cu in. = 4 quarts = 231 cu in. 1 gallon (gal) = 8 pts = 32 gills 1 cubic foot = 7.48 gallons 1 barrel = 31.5 gallons 1 hogshead = 2 barrels Apothecaries’ Fluid Measure = 1 fluid dram (fl dr) 60 minims (min.) = 0.2256 cu in. = 1 fluid ounce (fl oz) 8 fluid drams = 1.8047 cu in. = 1 pt = 28.875 cu in. 16 fluid ounces = 128 fl drs = 1 qt = 57.75 cu in. 2 pints = 32 fl oz = 256 fl drs = 1 gal = 231 cu in. 4 quarts = 128 fl oz = 1,024 fl drs Approximate Conversions To SI Units Symbol When You Know Multiply By To Find Symbol Symbol When You Know Multiply By Length To Find Symbol in Length in inches 2.4 millimeters mm mm millimeters 0.039 inches ft feet 0.305 meters m m meters 3.28 feet ft yd yards 0.914 meters m m meters 1.09 yards yd mi miles 1.61 kilometers km km kilometers 0.621 miles mi Area Area in² square inches 645.2 square millimeters mm² mm² square millimeters 0.002 square inches in² ft² square feet 0.093 square meters m² m² square meters 10.764 square feet ft² yd² square yard 0.836 square meters m² m² square meters 1.195 square yards yd² ac acres 0.405 hectares ha ha hectares 2.47 acres ac 2.59 square kilometers km² km² square kilometers 0.386 square miles mi² mi² square miles Volume Volume fl oz fluid ounces 29.57 milliliters mL mL milliliters 0.034 fluid ounces fl oz gal gallons 3.785 liters L L liters 0.264 gallons gal ft cubic feet 0.028 cubic meters m³ m³ cubic meters 35.314 cubic feet ft³ yd cubic yards 0.765 cubic meters m³ m³ cubic meters 1.307 cubic yards yd³ NOTE: volumes greater than 1000L shall be shown in m³ Mass Mass oz ounces 28.35 grams g g grams 0.035 ounces oz lb pounds 0.454 kilograms kg kg kilograms 2.202 pounds lb T short tons (2000lb) megagrams Mg (or “t”) Mg (or “t”) megagrams (or”metric ton”) 1.13 short tons (2000 lb) T ºC Celsius Fgahrenheit ºF lx lux 0.093 foot-candles fc 0.292 footLamberts fl 0.907 (or metric ton) Temperature (exact degrees) Temperature 5 (F-32)/9 ºF Fahrenheit fc foot-candles or (F-32)/1.8 Celsius ºC lux lx Illumination fl foolt - Lamberts Illumination 10.76 3.426 candela/m² cd/m² cd/m² Force and Pressure or Stress lbf lbf/in² pound force pound force per square inch 4.45 6.89 1.8C+32 newtons kilopascals candela/m² Force and Pressure or Stress N kPa n kPa newtons kilopascals 0.225 poundforce lbf 0.145 poundforce per square inch lbf/in² 36 37 38 6226 West 74th Street Chicago, IL 60638 1-800-376-6000 1-708-563-1950 (FAX) www.independencetube.com © Independence Tube Corporation 2012
