Hilmola - Rail Baltica Growth Corridor

Tallinn-Warsaw Freight Corridor: Railway, Road and
Sea Transport Comparison
Prof. Olli-Pekka Hilmola
Lappeenranta University of Technology, Kouvola Unit
Prikaatintie 9, FIN-45100 Kouvola, Finland
E-mail: olli-pekka.hilmola@lut.fi
Current Situation with Infra and
Environmental Payments:
Tallinn-Warsaw
Freight using road transport:
• Without any additional vignette
or toll cost in Finland, Estonia
and Latvia
• In Lithuania vignette system
costs 20 € per day (if purchased
one day), 6 € per day (if
purchased one month), and
approx. 5 € (annual)
• In Poland new viaTOLL system
charges approx. 0.04-0.1 € per
km driven (3rd of July onwards)
Additional costs of 5-6 € + 0.05
€/km × 320 km = 21-22 € per
semi-trailer truck
Freight using sea transport
(Gdynia):
• Low Sulphur
Surcharge/MARPOL (2007,
convention, 73/78): 10-20 € per
semi-trailer
• Polish new viaTOLL system:
0.05 €/km × 374 km = 18.7 € per
semi-trailer
Additional costs: 28.7-38.7 € per
semi-trailer
Freight using railway transport
(960 Gross Ton Freight Train):
• Finland: 2.1 € per km (~15 %, if
100 % then 14 € per km)
• Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania:
6.5 € per km (100 %)
• Poland: 3.5 € per km (~90 %)
Additional costs of 859 km × 6.5
€ /km + 367 km × 3.5 €/km=
6868 € for the whole train
(corresponds to 230 € per semitrailer, if whole train is having 100
% fillrate, 30 semi-trailers)
Source (access fees):
Thompson, Loius S. (2008). Railway Access Charges in the EU: Current Status and
Developments Since 2004. OECD / International Trasport Forum.
Near Future of Infra and
Environmental Payments:
Tallinn-Warsaw
Freight using road transport:
• Maybe Latvia and Estonia start
to use similar system with
Lithuania (Vignette): additional
costs 5-6 € per semi-trailer × 2 =
10-12 € per semi-trailer
• Road is eligble to pay from
CO2 emissions (25-45 € per ton):
60-120 €
Total costs of the future:
91-154 € per semi-trailer
Freight using sea transport
(Gdynia):
• Low Sulphur
Surcharge/MARPOL, 2015
(convention, 73/78): 100-150 €
per semi-trailer
• Polish new viaTOLL system:
0.05 €/km × 374 km = 18.7 € per
semi-trailer
Additional costs: 118.7-168.7 €
per semi-trailer
Access Charges of 960 Gross ton
Freight Train in Europe
Source (access fees):
Thompson, Loius S. (2008). Railway Access Charges in the EU: Current Status and
Developments Since 2004. OECD / International Trasport Forum.
Ratio of 960 Gross ton Freight
Train and 590 Gross Ton Intercity
Passenger Train in Access Charges
Source (access fees):
Thompson, Loius S. (2008). Railway Access Charges in the EU: Current Status and
Developments Since 2004. OECD / International Trasport Forum.
Freight using railway transport (960
Gross Ton Freight Train):
• Finland: ~15 % (2.1 € per km) is
covered with access fees, then 100 %
results to 14 € per train km
• Sweden: ~5 % (0.3 € per km) with
100 % it is 6 € per km
New total costs (with Swedish prices,
lower): 7356 € (245 € per semi-trailer)
Railways also cause CO2 emissions
(20 % with electricity as compared to
trucks): 18-30 € per semi-trailer
Total costs of the future: 260-280 €
per semi-trailer
What if real price of access fee is 10 €
per km?
Source (access fees):
Thompson, Loius S. (2008). Railway Access Charges in the EU: Current Status and
Developments Since 2004. OECD / International Trasport Forum.
Stevedoring Strike in Finland
(4.March-22.March.2010)
Is this our future after
MARPOL sulphur surcharge
implementation during year
2015?
...and will we act in retrospect
to the forthcoming major
changes?
 How we could lower access
fee for freight in railway
network and simultaneously
improve current ”old
alignment” readiness and state
to serve freight flows?
Russian Dimension:Trans-Siberian
Railway Pricing Change
(...and collapse of Finnish volume)
Year 2010: 1536 TEU
Year 2009: 1459 TEU
Year 2008: 643 TEU
Source (access fees):
Tsuji, Hisako (2007). International Container Transport on the Trans-Siberian Railway in
2005-2006: The End of Finland Transit and Expectations Regarding Japanese Use. Erina Report,
Vol. 73, May, pp. 20-30.
Japan Experienced Similar
Shoot-and-Collapse Two Decades
Earlier (at TSR, reasons the same)
...if Additional Transportation Costs
Increase, We Need to Incorporate
Rail Baltica in These Four Themes
China
Russia
Belarussia
Alignment is
not big issue
Emerging Countries
Logistics
sector
(transit)
Place on
the map
Tourism
High tech.
industry
growth
Sure about
railway
demand
Rail Baltica
Investment
Cities and
Regions
Marketing
Tool
Lack of Fast
Passenger Transport
Alternatives
Tallinn airport between
Helsinki and Riga
Airports located mostly in
capitals
North-East Poland does not
have any airports
Private car use trend in the
Baltic States
Like additional
sea port or
airport
Should be
connected to
eastern
markets