caminalcules answers gr. 7.notebook

caminalcules answers gr. 7.notebook
April 22, 2015
Caminalcule answers!
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caminalcules answers gr. 7.notebook
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caminalcules answers gr. 7.notebook
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Part II
1. Similarities include: • Most teams group the 14 living caminalcules the same:
• 19,20 9 4,3,22,12,2 16,24,1 14,13,28.
• Everybody starts with 73 at 19 millions years ago and diverges 73 to both 74 and 58.
• Most teams have some caminalcule lines go extinct.
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caminalcules answers gr. 7.notebook
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2. Forces that could have caused Caminalcules to change over time include:
• changing environments (hotter, wetter, etc.)
• they could have physically moved to new habitats and survivors adapted to those conditions
• genetic mutations could create new, more advantageous body types
• change in food resources
• others?
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caminalcules answers gr. 7.notebook
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3. A new fossil would need to be placed into the phylogenetic tree. This would change the phylogenetic tree and the existing relationships that were previously established.
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caminalcules answers gr. 7.notebook
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4. DNA evidence would really be helpful, but collecting DNA from fossilized species is not possible.
Behaviors, diets, mating calls, etc...
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caminalcules answers gr. 7.notebook
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5. Dead end in the phylogenetic tree would be those species who were no longer adapted to survive in their environment. They became extinct. There could have been changes in their climate, food resources or new diseases.
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caminalcules answers gr. 7.notebook
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Additional problems
1. A lineage can show rapid diversification when there are many niches available to fill. When the dinosaurs died off, niches became available for mammals to fill. 8
caminalcules answers gr. 7.notebook
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Anolis lizards show diversification. Each body type is adapted to a specific part of the tree.
oldest common ancestor
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caminalcules answers gr. 7.notebook
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2. If the body type works and the environment stays the same, then don't change it! 10
caminalcules answers gr. 7.notebook
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3. Factors that would affect the survival of a species include territory and food availability, and predators. A species living in a rapidly depleting or harmed territory, or one with a lack of adequate food sources, or a high predatory threat will be more likely to go extinct than one with the alternative ecological conditions. 11
caminalcules answers gr. 7.notebook
April 22, 2015
4. Covergent evolution, which is the development of like traits in unrelated species, is present in the evolution of caminalcules between various different lineages—for example, 48 and 14 both share the trait of similar spotting (in both placement and intensity), despite their separate lineage and the fact that their most recent common ancestor does not have this trait. 12
caminalcules answers gr. 7.notebook
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convergent evolution: similar body shapes for swimming
shark, a fish
dolphin, a mammal
penguin, a bird
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caminalcules answers gr. 7.notebook
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convergent evolution: cryptic coloration for camouflage
penguin, a bird
orca, a mammal
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caminalcules answers gr. 7.notebook
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5. Species 4 is in example of a vestigial structure in that its arm­like things are so shortened that it appears they cannot even be extended or used, as opposed to the original structuring of the arms in its ancestors, 18 or 43, that have arms extended long enough to be of use for motion if nothing else. Another example of vestigial structure can be found in species 28, where the tail­stump­thing is so greatly reduced from where it originally is structurally in species 58 that there does not seem to be a significant use for it. 15
caminalcules answers gr. 7.notebook
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Whales have a pelvis and femur, bones used for walking and not swimming. These are vestigial structures.
Do whales have an ancestor who used to walk?
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caminalcules answers gr. 7.notebook
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5. Vestigial structures can provide evidence that a species’ structure once allowed for a function that the evolved structure no longer needs or has developed new ways (probably more effective) for that function to be served. For example, the appendix in the human body has no real known function to date—it can be removed with no detriment to any other organs or organ systems. The appendix has been found to serve as a organ that helps in glucose digestion and breakdown in primates—our close ancestral derivatives. Humans clearly do consume glucose, but the role served by the appendix is not the same as in earlier primates and is highly insignificant. The appendix is a prominent example of a vestigial structure in humans. A whale’s pelvic bone (it almost seems odd that this even exists, when one considers the build and structure of a whale) is another example of a vestigial structure. Although clearly pelvic bones serve essential functions in many mammals (us, for example), they do not serve a significant function in whales, if any at all. However, whales still have pelvic bones.
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caminalcules answers gr. 7.notebook
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6. Reproductive isolation could cause speciation. This would include: 1. geographical isolation; 2. behavioral isolation; and 3. temporal (time) isolation. If two species are no longer willing or able to reproduce, then speciation has occurred. 19
caminalcules answers gr. 7.notebook
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mating calls are completely different; isolated by behaviors
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