ISA Brown - ISApoultry

Transcription

ISA Brown
Commercial Management Guide
Contents
Introduction
Introduction
ISA Brown – Commercial Performance Objectives ISA Breeding
Brown – Commercial
Performance Objectives
ISA
Scheme
3
4
4
General
rules,Scheme
farm & house design
ISA Breeding
5
5
The
Rearing
Period
General
rules, farm
& house design
6
Key
1: From
chicks arrival to 4 weeks of age
ThePeriod
Rearing
Period
6
Starting Conditions: Respect the basics to be successful
1: From 4
chicks
4 weeks
of age of the future layer
Key Period 2:
to 16 arrival
weeks,to
building
potential
7
7
9
Body weights and approximate feed consumption for ISA Brown pullets
Starting Conditions: Respect the basic norms to be successful
Feeding: Formulas and techniques to stimulate growth and appetite
Key control
Period 2:
4 to 16 weeks, building potential of the future layer
The
ofFrom
growth
10
8
11
10
12
The
trimming
Bodybeak
weights
and approximate feed consumption for ISA Brown pullets
Growth and sexual maturity control through lighting program
Feeding: Formulas and techniques to stimulate growth and appetite
13
11
14
12
The Production Period
The control of growth
Key Period 3: The transfer and adult space requirements
The beak trimming
Key Period 4: Laying phase
13
Growth
sexual maturity control through lighting program
After
28 and
weeks
15
19
Lighting programs 20
The Production Period
Adjusting egg weight to meet market requirements
16
14
17
23
Feeding
in production
Key Period
3: The transfer and adult space requirements
Water quality
Hot
seasons and climates
24
17
25
18
26
Vaccination
techniques
After 28 weeks
Feeding Program for ISA Brown in rearing at 20 ° C
Lighting programs
28
20
31
21
32
Nutritional
specifications
for growing
diets
Adjusting egg
weight to meet
market requirements
Daily nutrient requirements in lay
Feeding in recommendations
production
Nutritional
for the laying period
33
24
34
25
35
ISA
Brown Production Table
Water quality
ISA Brown Egg Weight Distribution (%) – Canadian System
Hot Brown
seasons
and
hot climates
ISA
Egg
Weight
Distribution (%) – USA System
37
26
38
27
39
Rearing
Graph
Vaccination
techniques
Production Graph
40
29
41
32
Note: The performance data contained in this document was obtained from results and experience from our own research flocks and flocks
of our customers. In no way does the data contained in this document constitute a warranty or guarantee of the same performance under
different
of for
nutrition,
density or
Feedingconditions
Program
ISA Brown
in physical
rearingoratbiological
28 ° C environment.
33
2
ISA Brown – Commercial Performance Objectives
ISA Brown – Commercial Performance Objectives
Body weight at 18 weeks:
Body
Body weight
weight at
at 18
80 weeks:
weeks:
Hen housed production
at 60 weeks:
Hen
at
72housed
weeks:production
at 80
60 weeks:
weeks:
at
at 72 weeks:
Age at 50% rate of lay:
at 80 weeks:
Age at peak production:
Age
50% rate of lay:
Peakat
production:
Age at peak production:
Production rate:
Peak production:
at 60 weeks:
Production
rate:
at 72 weeks:
at
at 60
80 weeks:
weeks:
at 72 weeks:
Total egg mass
at 80 weeks:
at 60 weeks:
Total
mass
at 72 egg
weeks:
at
at 60
80 weeks:
weeks:
at
72
weeks:
Average egg weight:
1500 g
3.30 lb.
1870 g
4.12 lb.
1500
3.30
2000 g
g
4.40 lb.
lb.
1870 g
4.12 lb.
2000 g
4.40 lb.
250 eggs
313 eggs
250
351 eggs
eggs
313 eggs
20 - 21 weeks
351 eggs
27 - 28 weeks
20 -%21 weeks
95
27 - 28 weeks
95 %
83.3 %
75.0 %
83.3 %
%
68.4
75.0 %
68.4 %
15.5 kg
19.7 kg
15.5
22.1 kg
kg
19.7
kg
63.1 g (50.0 lbs./case)
at 80 weeks:
Feed Conversion* (ratio by weight)
Average egg weight:
Average feed consumption during lay per day
Feed
Conversion* (ratio by weight)
Shell Strength
22.1 kg
2.14 kg/kg
63.1 g (50.0 lbs./case)
111 g (24.4 lbs./100)
2.14
3900kg/kg
g
Average
feed consumption during lay per day
Shell
Color
Shell Strength
Livability (18 – 80 weeks)
Shell Color
111 g (24.4 lbs./100)
32.0
3900 g
93.2 %
32.0
Livability (18 – 80 weeks)
93.2 %
4
ISA Brown Layer Management Guide – 2011
For more information visit : www.isapoultry.com
4
3
ISA Breeding Scheme
A
A
B
B
♂
♀
♂
♀
A ♂
B ♀
PURE
LINES
GRAND
PARENTS
C
C
D
D
♂
♀
♂
♀
C ♂
D ♀
PARENTS
A*B
C*D
COMMERCIALS
Your commercials chicks are the results of a multiple crossing process which give the commercial layer a high
potential for egg production, as well as a good capability in adapting to the various environments.
4
ISA Brown Layer Management Guide– 2011
General rules, farm & house design

- Basic rules of farm location
Land governing regulations and environmental
restrictions must be considered.
Farm should be placed as far as possible from
other poultry houses. Each phase of
production should be treated as a separate
batch, according to the principle of “ALL IN –
ALL OUT”.
-

On a rearing farm : one age only
On a laying farm : one age only and
naturally one source of supply
No other poultry on the rearing or
laying farm
Ideally three separate laying units,
supplied by the one rearing unit
- Housing types
General rules
General
rules
- Whatever
the building style, they should be constructed so that they may be easily and thoroughly
- Whatever
thedisinfected
building style,
they flocks.
should The
be constructed
so that
they
may be
easily and
thoroughly
cleaned and
between
walls and roofs
should
contain
insulation
with
a moisture
cleaned
and
disinfected
between
flocks.
The
walls
and
roofs
should
contain
insulation
with
a moisture
barrier and rodent proof materials.
andceiling
rodentheight
proof for
materials.
- barrier
Adequate
adequate ventilation purposes
-- Adequate
ceiling
height
for
adequate
ventilation
Equipment used in house should
be designed
for purposes
easy access and removal for clean-out, maintenance
- Equipment
used
in
house
should
be
designed
for
easy access and removal for clean-out, maintenance
and biosecurity consideration
biosecurity
consideration
- and
In open
sided housing
it is important :
- In open
sided
housing
is important :
- To have sun it
protection
-- To
have
sun
protection
To use insulated materials including a shield (protection) for water tanks and pipes
-- To
insulated
materials
a shield
(protection)
for waterinlets
tankstoand
pipespredators,
To use
place
a wire netting
andincluding
fencing over
openings
and ventilation
control
- To
place
a
wire
netting
and
fencing
over
openings
and
ventilation
inlets
to
control
predators,
rodents and wild birds and other disease vectors
wild birds
and
disease
- rodents
To use aand
reliable
source
of other
electric
powervectors
- To use a reliable source of electric power
 -- Dirty
Dirty &
& clean
clean area
area concept
concept

Control the entries and restrict to the minimum
the number of entries in the farm with strict
procedures
- Floor material choice for easy maintenance
(clean up and disinfection)
- Clean hands with soap
- Wear protective clothing within the farm area
- Provide specific protective clothing for
veterinarians, consultants, etc…
- Disinfect boots before entry
- Do not allow truck/Lorry drivers to enter the
houses
5
6

- Clean up & disinfection
-
Use an insecticide just after the birds have been removed
Remove all the non-stationary equipment and residual feed from troughs, conveyors and bins
Exterminate all rodents and wild birds
Remove all the manure, litter, feathers, dust, and any other organic materials
Wash equipment, fans, ducts, water tanks, feed bins, walls and floor
Disinfection is efficient only after cleaning thoroughly
- Disinfect the interior of the building on surfaces and all equipment
- If it is permitted and the building can be tightly enclosed, fumigate the building while it is still
damp from disinfecting
- After the building is fumigated, close up for 24 hours and then air out for another 24 hours
Key
Key Period
Period 1:
1: From
From chicks
chicks arrival
arrival to
to 4
4 weeks
weeks of
of age
age
LIGHTING PROGRAM
PRE STARTER FEED
Slow step down
4 / 5 weeks in crumbs
Light length & consumption
2950 kcal & 20.5% of protein
- Stocking densities
- Environment control, T˚, Humidity
- Water quality
Target: be at standard
- Equipment
more information visit : www.isapoultry.com
body weight at 4Forweeks
7
- Quality of beak trimming
- Ventilation
Body weight at 4 weeks old influences
Body weight at transfer

 -- Tools
Tools to
to reach
reach the
the target
target
-
-

 --
starting in house conditions (temperature, comfort, hydration of all the chicks on arrival)
starting in house conditions (temperature, comfort, hydration of all the chicks on arrival)
important to warm the pullet house 24 hours prior to chicks arrival
important to warm the pullet house 24 hours prior to chicks arrival
if chicks brooding done in cages – rough, moisture-proof paper should be laid on the wire floor
if chicks brooding done in cages – rough, moisture-proof paper should be laid on the wire floor
(first 7 days)
(first 7 days)
stocking density in relation to space and equipment (competition creates stress, poor growth and
stocking density in relation to space and equipment (competition creates stress, poor growth and
uniformity)
uniformity)
observe your birds several times per day
observe your birds several times per day
control the body weight as soon as possible
control the body weight as soon as possible
keep a slow down light program, so that all chicks can have enough time to eat
keep a slow down light program, so that all chicks can have enough time to eat
if beak trimming: strong attention to details (frequency of blade replacement, temperature, proper
if beak trimming: strong attention to details (frequency of blade replacement, temperature, proper
trim etc.)
trim etc.)
usage of infrared beak treatment requires that chicks upon arrival to a farm will have very easy access
usage of infrared beak treatment requires that chicks upon arrival to a farm will have very easy access
to the source of water (water cups should be filled, droplets of water should be seen from the nipples,
to the source of water (water cups should be filled, droplets of water should be seen from the nipples,
water pressure must be reduced during first few days)
water pressure must be reduced during first few days)
a high energy starter diet in crumb form for at least the first 4 weeks in temperate climates and 5
a high energy starter diet in crumb form for at least the first 4 weeks in temperate climates and 5
weeks in hot climates. Do not switch to a ‘lighter’ feed before you have verified that body weight is on
target.
target.
Essential
Essential points
points
Light
Light
Water
Water
Feed
Feed
6
target.
-
-
-
8
Essential points
Light
Water
During first few days:
During
first few
days:
- Maintain
22 to
23 hours of
- light
Maintain 22 to 23 hours of
light 30 – 40 lux to
- With
- encourage
With 30 – 40
lux to
intake
of water
encourage
intake
of water
and feed
and feed
Afterwards
-Afterwards
Normal decreasing lighting
- Normal
programdecreasing lighting
- program
10 lux at 15 days old
- 10
luxhouses)
at 15 days
(dark
and old
then
(dark houses)
and then
adapt
to bird behaviour
adapt to bird behaviour
-
Feed
Wash of drinking system after
Wash
of drinking system after
disinfection
disinfection
Any medication should be carried
Any
medication
out via
the feed should be carried
out
via the
the first
feed2 days, use tepid
During
During
the
first
2 days, use tepid
water at 20-25°C
water
atvitamin
20-25°C
50 g of
C per litre the first
50
vitamin
per litre the first
chicks
areCdehydrated
daygifof
if
chicks
are
dehydrated
day
Supplementary drinkers during the
Supplementary
drinkers should
during be
the
first
few days (removal
first
days (removal should be
donefew
gradually)
done
gradually)
Drinkers
should be cleaned daily
Drinkers
should
beand
cleaned
daily a
the first
2
weeks
once
For more
information
visitthen
: www.isapoultry.com
the first 2 weeks and then once a
week
week
When nipple drinkers are used, we
When nipple that
drinkers
areofused, we
recommend
strips
recommend
that
strips
of under
embossed paper are placed
embossed
the nipplespaper are placed under
the nipples
-
-
Starter diet should be
Starter
dietwhen
should
be have
distributed
chicks
distributed
when
chicks
drunk
enough
water
to have
drunk enough
water
to (4
restore
their body
fluid
restore
theirdelivery)
body fluid (4
hours after
hours
after delivery)
in crumb
Diet presented
in crumb
Diet
formpresented
with adequate
protein
form
with adequate
protein
and energy
concentration
and
energy
concentration
For first few feeds, special
For first
few
special
small
feed
onfeeds,
non-smooth
small feed
non-smooth
paper
help on
feed
consumption
paper
help
feed
To avoid
built
upconsumption
of fine
To
avoid built
up of allowing
fine
particles,
we advise
particles,
we advise
allowing
them
to become
empty
them
to twice
become
empty
once or
each
week
once or twice each week
--
Stocking densities & environment from arrival to 4 weeks of age
Stocking densities & environment
from arrival to 4 weeks
of age
Floor
Cages
Stocking density (maximum)
Stocking density
(maximum)
Minimum
ventilation
rate
Minimum
ventilation
rate
Heating
Heating
Drinkers
Starters
Drinkers TemperateStarters
climate
Temperate
Hot climate
climate
Hotdrinkers
climate
Bell
Bell drinkers
Nipples
Temperate Nipples
climate
Temperate
Hot climate
climate
Hot climate
Feeders
Per starting
pans
Feeders
Per starting
pans
Linear Chain
Linear
Chain
Per feeder
Per feeder
--
200 cm2 Cages 31 sq.in
14 birds / m2 Floor1.3 birds / sq.ft
2
2
3
3
14
birds
/
m
1.3
birds
/
sq.ft
200
31 sq.in
/ cm
h / kg 11.2 cu.ft
/ h / pds
0.7 m / h / kg 11.2 cu.ft / h / pds 0.7 m
3
3
0.7 m 2 /gas
h /brooders
kg 11.2
cu.ft
/
h
/
0.7
m
/
h
/
kg
11.2
cu.ft
/ h / pds
pds
or 2 radiant heaters of 1450 Kcal / 1000 birds
2 gas brooders or 2 radiant heaters of 1450 Kcal / 1000 birds
1 starter / 100 birds
11starter
birds
starter//100
80 birds
1
starter
/
80
birds
150 birds / Hanging bell drinker ( 80 to 100 in hot climate )
150 birds / Hanging bell drinker ( 80 to 100 in hot climate )
16 birds / nipple
16 birds
birds /
/ nipple
nipple
10
birds
/ nipplepan
50 10
birds
/ starting
birds / starting
pan
4 cm / bird
1.6 in /50
bird
1.5 cm
/ bird
1.0 in / bird
4
cm
/
bird
1.6
in
/
bird
1.5
cm
bird
1.0
in // bird
1 unit / 50 birds
1 unit / 50 birds
1 unit / /50
birds
1 unit
50 birds
1 unit / 50 birds
1 unit / 50 birds
1 unit / 50 birds
1 unit / 50 birds
Starting conditions
Starting conditions
Recommended lay out for 500 chicks
Optimum distribution of chicks
7
-
Starting conditions
C
C
B
D
B
D
A
A
E
E
A : Radiant heater of 1450
kcal capacity
A : Radiant heater of 1450 kcal capacity
B : Drinkers (5) but (7) in Hot climate
B
: Drinkers
(5) but (7)
in Hot
climate
For more
information
visit : www.isapoultry.com
A : Radiant
A
:
Radiant
heater
heater
of
1450
of
kcal
1450
capacity
kcal
capacity
C :AFeed
trays
(10)
: Drinkers
Radiant
heater
of
1450
kcal
capacity
C
: Feed
trays (10)
B : Drinkers
(5)
but
(7)
in
Hot
climate
B
:
(5)
but
(7)
in
Hot
climate
D :B75
watt bulb(5)
at but
1.50(7)
min
above
floor level
Drinkers
Hot
climate
D
: 75
watt bulb at 1.50 m above floor level
C : Feed
(10)
::trays
Feed
trays
(10)
E :C
Surround
:
4
m
diameter
–
0.6
m high
:: Feed
trays
(10)
: Surround
: 4 m diameter – 0.6 m high
D : 75 C
watt
atbulb
1.50
above
floor
level
D
75bulb
watt
atm1.50
mEabove
floor level
D
75 watt
level
E : Surround
: 4 mbulb
diameter
–m
0.6above
m– high
E :: Surround
: 4 at
m 1.50
diameter
0.6floor
m high
E : Surround : 4 m diameter – 0.6 m high
9
Standards for temperature
Standardsand
for humidity
temperature and humidity
Standards
Standards
for
temperature
for
temperature
and
and
humidity
humidity
Age
Brooding
temperature
Room
Relative
Standards
for temperature
and
humidity
Age
Brooding
temperature
Room
Relative
temperature
humidity
- For floor rearing, the
temperature
humidity
- For floo
Brooding
temperature
Room Room
Relative
Brooding
temperature
Relative
standard is 500 chicks
Brooding temperature temperature
Room
Relative
standa
humidity
- For- per
floor
rearing,
the
For
floor
rearing,
the
temperature
humidity
1450
kcal
At the edge
At 2/3 m
Optimum &
temperature
- For
rearing,
the
per 14
isfloor
500
standard
ischicks
500 &
chicks
(days)
At the edge
At 2/3 mhumidity standard
Optimum
of the
from the
Maximum in
standard
iskcal
500 in
chicks
per
1450
kcal
per
1450
of the
from
the
Maximum
(days)(days) At the
At
edge
the
edge
At
2/3
m
Optimum
&
At
2/3
m
Optimum
&
- Preheat
the building
for
brooders
brooders
%
per 1450
kcal
(days)
At of
thethe
edgefrom
At
2/3
mbrooders
Optimum
&
brooders
% before - Prehea
of the
the
Maximum
in
from
the
Maximum
in
24 to 36 hours
0–3
35of°Cthe
29 from
– 28 °C
33
–
31
°C
55
–
60
the 35 °C
in –
Preheat
the building
for
- the
Preheat
the
for 24 to 3
brooders
brooders
%Maximum
brooders 0
– 3 brooders
29 – 28
°C % -33
31
°C
55
–building
60
chicks
arrive
to
4–7
34
°C
27
°C
32 – 31 °C
55 – 60
- to
Preheat
the
building
for the chi
brooders
brooders
%
2431
36
hours
before
24
to
36
hours
before
0–3 0–3
35 °C 35 °C 29
29°C
– 28 °C33
33°C
– 31 °C 27
55°C
– 60
55 – 60
4 ––728
34 –°C31
32 –
°C
55
–
60
a 36
litter
8 – 14
32 °C °C
26 –°C28 °C
3033
– 28
°C
5555
– 6060 the obtain
24
hours
before
–3
29
–
chicks
arrive
to
the to
chicks
arrive
to 31 obtain
4–7 0
4–
7
34 °C 35
34 °C 8 –27
27 °C 32
32°C
– 31
31 °C
°C 26
55°C
– 60
55 –
– 60
14°C
32 –°C31
30 – 28temperature
°C
55
– 60
at
28 to
15 –421
29
°C
26
–
25
°C
28
–
26
°C
55
–
60
the
chicks
arrive
to
temper
obtain
a
litter
obtain
a
litter
–
7
34
°C
27
°C
32
–
31
°C
55
–
60
8 – 148 – 14
32 °C 32 °C 15 26
°C 26 °C 30
30°C
– 28 26
°C 55
– 60
55 – 60
– 21
29 –°C28
– 25
°C
28 – 26°C°C
55 – 60
22 8– –24
25 – 26
23 °C
°C
2530
– 23
°C °C
5555
– 65
obtain
aatlitter
°C
temperature
28
to
31
temperature
at
28
to
31
14
32
°C
–
28
–
60
15 – 21
15 – 21
29 °C 29 °C 22
26––24
25
26°C
– 25 °C28 – 26
28°C
– 26 25
°C 55
– 60
55 – 60
– 23
°C
25 – 23 °C
55 – 65
2515
– 28
2326
– 21
°C °C
2328
– 21
°C °C
5555
– 65
temperature
at 28 to 31
°C
°C
–
21
29
°C
–
25
–
26
–
60
22 – 24
22 – 24
25––28
23
25°C
– 23 °C25 – 23
25°C
– 23 23
°C 55
– 65
55 – 65
25
– 21
°C
23 – 21 °C
55 – 65
temperature
and
2922
– 3524
2125
– 19
°C
2125
– 19
°C °C
6055
– 7065 - Uniform
°C
- Uniform
–
–
25 – 28
25 –
– 28
23––35
21
23°C
– 23
21 °C
°C23 – 21
23°C
– 23
21 21
°C 55
– 65
55 –
– 65
29
– 19
°C
21 – 19relative
°C
60 – 70
humidity,
After
35
1923
– 17
°C °C
1923
– 17
°C °C
6055
– 70
Uniform
temperature
and
Uniform
temperature
andrelative
25
–
28
–
21
–
21
–
65
29 – 35
29 – 35
21 – 35
19
21°C
– 19 °C21 – 19
21°C
– 19 19
°C 60
– 70
60 – 70
throughout
the
building and
After
– 17
°C
19 – 17
°C
60
– 70
Uniform
temperature
throug
relative
humidity,
relative
humidity,
29
35
21
–
°C
21
–
19
°C
60
After
After
35 rearing, distribution
19 – of
17
19
°C
– 19
17 throughout
°C19 – 17
19°C
–the
17building
°C 60 – should
70
60 –
– 70
70
- 35
On–floor
chicks
be uniform.relative
If the chicks
crowd
humidity,
throughout
the
building
throughout
the
building
On
floor
rearing,
distribution
of
chicks
throughout
the
building
should
be
uniform.
If t
After
35 under the brooder: temperature
19 – 17 °C is too
19low.
– 17
°C chicks60
– 70
together
If the
are
close to thethroughout
surround: the
the
building
together
under
the brooder:
temperature
isuniform.
too
low.
Ifthe
thechicks
chicks
are close
to the sur
- On- floor
On
rearing,
floor
rearing,
distribution
distribution
of
chicks
of
chicks
throughout
throughout
the
building
the
building
should
should
be
be
uniform.
If
If
the
chicks
crowd
crowd
is too distribution
high.
- temperature
On under
floor rearing,
of chicks
throughout
thechicks
bethe
uniform.
thethe
chicks
temperature
too
high.
together
together
under
the brooder:
the brooder:
temperature
temperature
is istoo
is
low.
tooIf low.
the
If building
the chicks
areshould
close
are to
close
to
surround:
the If
surround:
thecrowd
together
under
the
brooder:
temperature
is
too
low.
If
the
chicks
are
close
to
the
surround:
the
temperature
temperature
is too is
high.
too high.
temperature is too high.
Age
Age
Age
(days)
8
Key Period 2: From 4 to 16 weeks, building potential of the future layer
Key Period 2: From 4 to 16 weeks, building potential of the future layer
BODY WEIGHT
BODY
WEIGHT
BODY
WEIGHT
At 4 weeks
old
At
4
weeks
At 4 weeks old
old
LIGHTING
LIGHTING
LIGHTING
PROGRAM
PROGRAM
PROGRAM
FEED
FEEDING
FEED
FEED
Specifications,
FEEDING
FEEDING
TECHNIQUES
Specifications,
Specifications,
Presentation
TECHNIQUES
TECHNIQUES
and time of
Presentation
Presentation Length
Length
and
time
Length
and period
time of
of
feeding
feeding
feeding period
period
Growth in rearing
Growth in
rearing
BodyGrowth
weightinatrearing
5 % of lay
Body
Body weight
weight at
at 5
5%
% of
of lay
lay
- Stocking density
-- Stocking
density
density
- Stocking
Environment
control
-- Environment
control
Environment
- Water quality control
-- Water
quality
quality
- Water
Equipment
-- Equipment
- Equipment
Quality of beak trimming
-- Quality
of
trimming
of beak
beak
trimming
- Quality
Health status
and
prophylaxis
-- Health
status
and
Health status and prophylaxis
prophylaxis
Too low body weight at start of lay could induce lower
Too
body
at
of
could
induce
lower
Too low
low
body weight
weight(below
at start
start
of lay
lay egg
could
induce
lower
overall
performance
normal
size,
reduction
overall
performance
(below
normal
egg
size,
reduction
overall
performance
(belowand
normal
reduction
of peak
of production
postegg
peaksize,
drops)
of
peak
of
production
and
post
peak
drops)
of peak of production and post peak drops)
The achievement of this objective depends on :
The
of
- achievement
Rearing conditions
The
achievement
of this
this objective
objective depends
depends on
on ::
-- Rearing
conditions
Stocking
density
and
the
age
chicks are moved to the laying location
Rearing conditions
-- Stocking
density
and
the
age
chicks
Length
of
the
lighting
period
Stocking density and the age chicks are
are moved
moved to
to the
the laying
laying location
location
-- Length
lighting
period
Quality of
beak
treatment
Length
of the
the
lighting
period
-- Quality
of
treatment
Prevention
of stress
Quality
of beak
beak
treatment
-- Prevention
Prevention of
of stress
stress
- Feeding methods
-- Feeding
- methods
Emptying of feeders every day
Feeding
methods
-- Emptying
of
every
Timing of feed
distribution
Emptying
of feeders
feeders
every day
day
-- Timing
of
feed
distribution
Feed
presentation
Timing of feed distribution
-- Feed
Use ofpresentation
midnight feeding in growing (if behind body weight standard)
Feed
presentation
-- Use
Use of
of midnight
midnight feeding
feeding in
in growing
growing (if
(if behind
behind body
body weight
weight standard)
standard)
Pullet growing space and equipment requirements (5 - 16 weeks) :
Pullet growing space and equipment
requirements (5 - 16
Floor
Cages
weeks) :
Stocking density (minimum)
Stocking
density
(minimum)
In
temperate
climate
density
(minimum)
Stocking
temperate
climate
In temperate
hot
climateclimate
In
In
climate
evaporative cooling
In hot
hotWith
climate
With
Without
With evaporative
evaporative cooling
cooling
Without
evaporative
cooling
Minimum
rate
Withoutventilation
evaporative
cooling
Minimum
rate
Temperate
climate
Minimum ventilation
ventilation
rate
Temperate
climate
Hot
Temperate climate
Hot
Heating
Hot climate
climate
Heating
Drinkers
Heating
Drinkers
Drinkers Temperate climate
Temperate
Hot climate
Temperate
climate
Hot climate
climate
Feeders
Hot
Feeders
Feeders
Floor
Cages
Floor
Cages
1.07 sq. ft./bird
361 cm2
56
2
1.07
361
56
1.07 sq.
sq. ft./bird
ft./bird
361 cm
cm2
56
1.19 sq. ft./bird
400 cm2
62
2
1.19
400
62
1.34
497
77
1.19 sq.
sq. ft./bird
ft./bird
400 cm
cm22
62
2
1.34
sq.
ft./bird
497
cm
77
1.34 sq. ft./bird
497 cm
77
4 m3 / h / kg – 64 cu.ft / h / pds
3
64
4
6
/h
h/
/ kg
kg –
– 96
64 cu.ft
cu.ft /
/h
h/
/ pds
pds
4 m
m33 /
3 / h /
kg
–
96
cu.ft
/
h
6
m
Space
heating
/ pds
pds
6 m / h / kg – 96 cu.ft / h /
Space
Space heating
heating
hanging drinkers / 1000 pullets or 1 nipple / 12 pullets
12 pullets
hanging
pullets or
or 1
1 nipple
nipple /
/ 10
12
pullets
drinkers /
/ 1000
1000 pullets
hanging drinkers
hanging
drinkers
// 1000
1000
pullets
or /1
125
nipple
/ 10
10 pullets
pullets
5 cm
– 2 in /
pullet pullets
or 1 pan
pullets
hanging
drinkers
or
nipple
/
5 cm
cm –
–2
2 in
in /
/ pullet
pullet or
or 1
1 pan
pan /
/ 25
25 pullets
pullets
5
10 birds / m2
10 birds
birds /
/m
m22
10
9 birds / m2
2
9
8
9 birds
birds /
/m
m22
8
8 birds
birds /
/m
m2
10
10
13
10
13
13
sq.in
sq.in
sq.in
sq.in
sq.in
sq.in
sq.in
sq.in
9
Body weights & approximate feed consumption for ISA Brown pullets
Age
Body Weight
Approximate Feed Consumption
Grams
Weeks
Days
Grams
Lbs.
Daily
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
77
84
91
98
105
112
119
126
65-68
110-120
195-210
285-305
380-400
470-500
560-590
650-680
740-775
830-865
920-960
1010-1050
1095-1140
1180-1230
1265-1320
1350-1410
1430-1505
1500-1600
0.14-0.15
0.24-0.26
0.43-0.46
0.63-0.67
0.84-0.88
1.03-1.10
1.23-1.30
1.43-1.50
1.63-1.71
1.83-1.91
2.03-2.12
2.22-2.31
2.41-2.51
2.60-2.71
2.79-2.91
2.97-3.11
3.15-3.32
3.31-3.53
11
17
25
32
37
42
46
50
54
58
61
64
67
70
73
76
80
84
Cumulative
77
196
371
595
854
1148
1470
1820
2198
2604
3031
3479
3948
4438
4949
5481
6041
6629
Approximate Feed Consumption
Lbs
Daily
2.42
3.74
5.51
7.05
8.15
9.26
10.14
11.02
11.90
12.78
13.44
14.10
14.77
15.43
16.09
16.75
17.63
18.51
Cumulative
0.17
0.43
0.82
1.31
1.88
2.53
3.24
4.01
4.84
5.74
6.68
7.67
8.70
9.78
10.91
12.08
13.31
14.61
10
Feeding:Formulas
Formulasand
andtechniques
techniques
stimulate
growth
appetite
Feeding:
toto
stimulate
growth
andand
appetite
- The
The range
rangeof
ofdiets
diets
TEMPERATE CLIMATE
PRE STARTER
GROWER
PULLET - PRE LAY
HOT CLIMATE
4
-
-
Grower Diet
Grower Diet
4 to 10 weeks in temperate
4 to 10 weeks in temperate
climate
climate
5 to 10 or 11 weeks in hot
5 to 10 or 11 weeks in hot
climate
climate
Can be in mash form if the grist
Can
beor
in as
mash
form if the grist
is
right
crumbs
is right or as crumbs
-
-
-
-
-
-
- Feeding techniques
- Feeding techniques
Build up of fine particles residues
ofnatural
fine particles
residues
- Build
Birdsup
are
grain eaters.
- Start to eat large particles and
- leave
Birds the
are finest
natural
grain eaters.
ones.
Start to
eat large particles
and
-- But
accumulation
of
fine
leave the finest
particles
leadsones.
to
under
- consumption.
But
accumulation
of
fine
empty the
- Essential
particles to leads
to feeders
under
once
a day.
consumption.
- Essential to empty the feeders
once a day.
Feed presentation
--
-
Particles
below
0.5 mm : 15 %
Feed
presentation
maximum
Particles
Particlesabove
below3.2
0.5mm
mm: :10
15%%
maximum
maximum
Particles above 3.2 mm : 10 %
maximum
5
10
Pullet Diet
Pullet Diet
10/11 to 15/16 weeks
10/11 to 15/16 weeks
Must meet birds’ requirements Must meet birds’ requirements
for amino-acids
for
amino-acids
Too low
energy level will result
Too
low energy
level will result
in a reduction
of growth
in
a
reduction
of
Too high in energy growth
will restrict
Too
high in energy
will restrict
the
development
of digestive
the and
development
of digestive
tract
lead to reduced
feed
tractatand
lead
to reduced feed
intake
start
of lay
intake
at start ofan
layenergy
So,
we recommend
So,slightly
we recommend
energy
level
lower thananlayers
level slightly lower than layers
diet
diet
Rapid feed intake
11
16
Pre-Lay Diet
Pre-Lay Diet
2 weeks before reaching 2 % lay
- 2 weeks before reaching 2 % lay
Medullary bone which acts as a
- Medullary bone which acts as a
reservoir of mobilisable calcium
mobilisable
for reservoir
egg shell of
formation
has calcium
its
for
egg
shell
formation
has its
development during this period.
development
during
this
period.
Necessary to provide a feed rich
to provide a feed
in Necessary
protein, phosphorus
and rich
in protein, phosphorus and
calcium.
calcium.
To avoid under-consumption
-caused
To avoid
under-consumption
by powdery
calcium
caused around
by powdery
calcium
carbonate,
50% of
carbonate,
around
50%
calcium
should be
supplied
in of
calcium
should
supplied in
4 mm).
particles
form
(2 to be
particles form (2 to 4 mm).
In order to :
In order to :
- avoid the build up of fine
-particles
avoid the build up of fine
- encourage
crop development
particles
by
having
rapid
feed development
- encourage crop
consumption
by having rapid feed
- encourage gizzard development
consumption
by using a coarse grist (50% of
- encourage gizzard development
calcium in particles from 10
by using a coarse grist (50% of
weeks)
calcium in particles from 10
weeks)
Feeding times
feedorgan.
intake
Crop is Rapid
a storage
Crop allows the bird to eat
- enough
Crop isfeed
a storage
in the organ.
evening to - satisfy
Crop allows
the birdneeds
to eat
its
energy
enough feed
in the evening to
throughout
the night.
satisfy
its
energyduring
needs
- Rapid
feed consumption
rearing
leads
to
the throughout
the night.
the crop.
- development
Rapid feed of
consumption
during
rearing
leads
to
the
development
of
the
crop.
Use of Insoluble grit or limestone
particles
Use of
Weekly
: Insoluble grit or limestone - 3 g / pullet particles
from 3 to 10
weeks
Weekly :
mm) from 3 to 10
- (23to
g3
/ pullet
- 4 - 5 g / pullet from 10 weeks weeks
(3 to 5 mm)
(2 to 3 mm)
- 4 - 5 g / pullet from 10 weeks
(3 to 5 mm)
-
Feeding
times in the
Birds naturally
eat more
evening and in the morning.
-Empty
Birds naturally
eat
more is
in the
feeder
period
evening andininthe
themiddle
morning.
recommended
of
-the Empty
period
is
day and feeder
could be started
recommended
in the middle of
between
4 and 8 weeks.
Length
empty
the of
day
and feeder
could should
be started
be gradually
increased
to get a
between 4
and 8 weeks.
2-3 hours
-minimum
Length of
of empty
feeder(of
should
empty
at 12
weeks old.
be feeder)
gradually
increased
to get a
Firstminimum
feed distribution
to 3 (of
of 2-3 2 hours
hours
before
lights
off.
empty feeder) at 12 weeks old.
second
onedistribution
is necessary,2 itto 3
-If a First
feed
could
be done
just
before
hours
before
lights
off.lights
off,
birds
will
quite
easily
eat the
- If a second one is necessary,
it
finest
particles
in the
morning.
could
be done
just
before lights
If difficult to obtain empty
off, birds will quite easily eat the
feeders, reduce the amount of
finest particles in the morning.
feed distributed
- If difficult to obtain empty
feeders, reduce the amount of
feed distributed
11
13
13
The control
of growth:
a must every week,
Uniform flock
at a
bodyweightof
adapted
to check the real evolution
the flock - the earlier you know the earlier
to intended
The control
ofsexual
growth: a must every week, Make sure that
between 5 % of
youmaturity
can
to check the real evolution
of correct,
the flockif- necessary
the earlier you know the earlier
you Uniform
can flock
correct,
if necessary
at a
bodyweight adapted
to intended sexual
maturity
Make sure that
To achieve a between
steady5 % of
lay and peak
growth between
4
production,
and 16 weeks
growth is at
To obtain the
correct
bodyweight
at 4 weeks To obtain
To achieve a steady
growth between 4
and 16 weeks
the
correct
bodyweight
at 4 weeks
lay and peak
production,
growth is at
least 300 g
least 300 g
0
2
4
6
8
10
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
Productivity of laying
hens
is
influenced
by
: 12
0
2
4
6
8
10
- The body weight and uniformity
at start
of12lay14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
- By the
potential
from start
Productivity
of growth
laying hens
is influenced
by of
: lay to peak of production.
- The body weight and uniformity at start of lay
The -control
of growth
day old
is an
important
to control.
By the
growth from
potential
from
start
of lay toparameter
peak of production.
- Body weight at 4 weeks depends on brooding conditions, lighting program and feed presentation
Fromof4growth
to 16 from
weeks,
the growth
rate often
leads to a reduction in appetite during the first
The-control
dayexceeding
old is an important
parameter
to control.
of production.
So depends
we recommend
during
this periodlighting
to keep
the pullets’
appetite
active thanks to
- weeks
Body weight
at 4 weeks
on brooding
conditions,
program
and feed
presentation
daily4empty
during
period
should
adapted
order toinmaintain
higher
- aFrom
to 16 feeder.
weeks, Ration
exceeding
thethis
growth
rate
oftenbeleads
to a in
reduction
appetitegrowth
during at
the
first
standard
line.
weeks of production. So we recommend during this period to keep the pullets’ appetite active thanks to
a daily empty feeder. Ration during this period should be adapted in order to maintain growth at higher
standard line.
-
Method of weighing
- Time of weighing should be fixed preferably in the afternoon
- We advise carrying out individual weighing when chicks are 4 weeks old
-- Surround
a group should
of birdsbeinfixed
the middle
of the
and then weigh all the birds in the pen
Time of weighing
preferably
in flock,
the afternoon
A sampling
with
a
minimum
of
100
birds
gives
a
good
estimate
of 4
mean
body
- We advise carrying out individual weighing when chicks are
weeks
old weight and uniformity (or 2 times
50 birds
if there are
2 pens).
When
rearing
in cages,
should
weigh
all the
fromin5the
or 6pen
cages chosen at
- Surround
a group
of birds
in the
middle
of the one
flock,
and then
weigh
all birds
the birds
random
in different
parts of of
the100
building.
A
sampling
with a minimum
birds gives a good estimate of mean body weight and uniformity (or 2 times
18
50 birds if there are 2 pens). When rearing in cages, one should weigh all the birds from 5 or 6 cages chosen at
16
random in different parts of the building.
-
Method of weighing
Uniformity of the flock
14
12
-
Uniformity of the flock
10
8
-
6
18
80 % of sample
4
16
-
2
14
0
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
12
1450
1500
1550
( - 10 % )
1600
1650
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
-
( + 10 % )
10
8
-
6
80 % of sample
4
-
2
0
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500
( - 10 % )
1550
1600
1650
( + 10 % )
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
Uniformity of individual birds is
important as well as average flock
weights
Uniformity of individual birds is
important as well as average flock
A
batch is uniform when all the
weights
weights within the sample fall
between
% of the
mean
A batch ±20
is uniform
when
all or
the,
when
80
%
of
the
weights
lie
weights within the sample fall
within
±10%
of
the
mean.
between ±20 % of the mean or ,
when 80 % of the weights lie
Within
the limits
of mean.
±20 % of the
within ±10%
of the
mean, the smallest and the
heaviest
of the
Within thebirds
limitsare
of ±20
% ofsame
the
quality.
whichand
are too
mean, Only
the those
smallest
the
small
should
be culled.
heaviest
birds
are of the same
quality. Only those which are too
small should be culled.
12
The beak trimming: to be carried out with strict guidance in accordance
with
welfare
requirements
The beak trimming: to be
carried
out
with strict guidance in accordance
with
welfare
requirements
carried
out
with
welfare
requirements
carried
out
with
welfare
requirements
The -beak
trimming:
to
be
carried
out
with
welfare
requirements
Whytrimming:
to Beak to
Trim?
reduction
of incidence
of pecking when
it is a recurrent
The
beak
be
carried
out
with strict
guidance
in accordance
 - Why to Beak Trim?
with welfare
requirements
problem
reduction
of incidence of pecking when it is a recurrent
with welfare
requirements
problem
reductionof
ofincidence
feed wastage.
 - Why to Beak Trim?
 reduction
of pecking when it is a recurrent

to Beak Trim?
 -- Why
Why to Beak Trim?
When
beakTrim?
trim?

--Why
toto
Beak

beakTrim?
trim?
 - When
Why totoBeak
 - When
beak
trim?
IN DARK to
HOUSES
(CAGES)
IN DARK HOUSES
(CAGES)

- When
to beak
trim?
 Beak
- When
to
beak
trim?
trimming
should
be
carried
IN DARK HOUSES (CAGES) out

When
to
beak
trim?
Beak
trimming
should
be
carried
out old.
carefully,
at day HOUSES
old or at about
10 days
IN DARK
(CAGES)

When
to
beak
trim?
carefully,
at
day
old
or
at
about
10
days
DARK HOUSES
(CAGES)
BeakINtrimming
should be
carried outold.

of incidence
feed wastage.
 reduction
reduction of
problem
 reduction
reduction of
problem

of incidence
feed wastage.
 reduction
reduction of
of feed
incidence
problem

wastage.
problem

reduction of incidence
feed wastage.
problem

reduction of feed
IN wastage.
SOME CONDITIONS
SOME
CONDITIONS

reduction
of feed
wastage.
Beak
trimming
atINaround
10
days will not prevent pecking
Beak trimming
at IN
around
10CONDITIONS
days will
nottrimming
prevent pecking
entirely.
Therefore,
weSOME
recommend
a light
at 10 days
entirely.
Therefore,
we
recommend
a
light
trimming
at
10 days
(cauterisation
of the
beak
tip
and
ofwill
the not
lateral
edges)
and
then
SOME
Beak trimming
at IN
around
10CONDITIONS
days
prevent
pecking
(cauterisation
of
the
beak
tip
and
of
the
lateral
edges)
and
then
carrying
out
a
second
operation
between
8
and
10
weeks
age,
SOME
Beak trimming
at IN
around
10CONDITIONS
days awill
nottrimming
prevent at
pecking
entirely.
Therefore,
we
recommend
light
10 of
days
carrying
out
a
second
operation
between
8
and
10
weeks
of
age,
if
it
is
allowed
by
codes
and
regulations
of
the
country.
IN
DARK
HOUSES
(CAGES)
IN
SOME
CONDITIONS
Beak
trimming
at
around
10
days
will
not
prevent
pecking
Beak trimming
be carried
outold.
entirely. Therefore,
recommend
light
trimming
atand
10 days
carefully,
at day oldshould
or at about
10 days
(cauterisation
of thewe
beak
tip and of athe
lateral
edges)
then
if it is
allowed
byIN
codes
and
regulations
of edges)
the
country.
HOUSES
(CAGES)
SOME
CONDITIONS
Beak
trimming
at
around
days
will
not
prevent
pecking
BeakINtrimming
should
be
carried
outold.
entirely.
Therefore,
we
recommend
light
at
10of
days
carefully,
atDARK
day old
or at about
10 days
(cauterisation
of the
beak
tip10
and
of athe
lateral
and
then
carrying
out
a second
operation
between
8 trimming
and
10 weeks
age,
Beak
trimming
at
around
days
will
not
prevent
pecking
Beak trimming
be carried
outold.
entirely.
Therefore,
recommend
light
at
10of
days
carefully,
at day oldshould
or at about
10 days
(cauterisation
of the
beak
tip10
and
of athe
lateral
and
then
carrying
out
a second
operation
between
8 trimming
and
10 weeks
age,
if it is
allowed
bywe
codes
and
regulations
of edges)
the
country.
Beak trimming
be carried
outold.
entirely.
Therefore,
recommend
light
atand
10of
days
carefully,
at day oldshould
or at about
10 days
(cauterisation
of the
beak
tipand
and
of athe
lateral
then
carrying
out
a second
operation
between
8 trimming
and
10 weeks
age,
if it is
allowed
bywe
codes
regulations
of edges)
the
country.
carefully, at day old or
at about 10
days old.
(cauterisation
of the
tipand
and
of the lateral
andofthen
carrying
out
a second
operation
between
8 and
10 weeks
age,
DELICATE
OPERATION
if it is
allowed
bybeak
codes
regulations
of edges)
the
country.
OPERATION
out
a second
operation
8 and
10 weeks
of age,
if it is
allowed
by codes
and between
regulations
of the
country.
riskDELICATE
of unevenness
+ difficulties carrying
Performed
only by
trained
personnel
risk DELICATE
of
unevenness
difficulties
Performed
only by trained
if it is allowed by codes
and regulations
of the personnel
country.
with
feedingOPERATION
and+ drinking
with
feeding
and
drinking
OPERATION
risk DELICATE
of unevenness
+ difficulties
Performed only by trained personnel
DELICATE
riskwith
of unevenness
difficulties
Performed only by trained personnel
feeding OPERATION
and +drinking
-DELICATE
do
not beak
when the birds are not healthy orPerformed
when reacting
to vaccinations
OPERATION
riskwith
of unevenness
difficulties
only by
trained personnel
feeding
and +trim
drinking
do
not
beak
trim
when
the
birds
are
not
healthy
or
when
reacting
to
add
vitamin
K
to
the
drinking
water
(to
prevent
haemorrhages)
DELICATE
OPERATION
riskwith
of unevenness
difficulties
Performed only byvaccinations
trained personnel
Before
feeding and +drinking
add
vitamin
K
towhen
the (temperature
drinking
(to
prevent
haemorrhages)
-of do
check
the
equipment
the
trimming
bladereacting
: 600-650°C)
unevenness
+drinking
difficulties
Performed
onlyto
byvaccinations
trained personnel
Before
feeding
and
not
beak
trim
the birdswater
are of
not
healthy
or
when
Trimming risk--with
check
the
equipment
(temperature
of
the
trimming
blade
:
600-650°C)
replace
blade
with
frequency
specified
by
equipment
manufacturer,
do
not trim with dull
with
feeding
and
drinking
Trimming
do not
beak trim
the birdswater
are not
when reacting to vaccinations
- add
vitamin
K towhen
the drinking
(to healthy
preventor
haemorrhages)
Before
-- do
replace
blade
with
frequency
specified
by
equipment
manufacturer,
do
not
trim with dull
blade
not
beak
trim
when
the
birds
are
not
healthy
or
when
reacting
to
vaccinations
add vitamin
K to the(temperature
drinking waterof(to
haemorrhages)
check
the equipment
theprevent
trimming
blade : 600-650°C)
Before
Trimming
blade
do not
beak
trim
the birds
areof
not
or
when
reacting
todo
vaccinations
add
vitamin
Kwith
towhen
the
drinking
water
(to
prevent
haemorrhages)
Before
check
the
equipment
(temperature
the
trimming
blade
: 600-650°C)
-- replace
blade
frequency
specified
byhealthy
equipment
manufacturer,
not trim with dull
Trimming
-- do
not
beak
trim
when
the birds
areof
not
healthy
or
when
reacting
todo
vaccinations
add
vitamin
K
to
the
drinking
water
(to
prevent
haemorrhages)
check
the
equipment
(temperature
the
trimming
blade
:
600-650°C)
Before
replace
blade
with
frequency
specified
by
equipment
manufacturer,
not trim with dull
blade
Trimming
add
vitamin
Kwith
to the
drinkingspecified
waterof(to
haemorrhages)
check
the
equipment
(temperature
the
trimming
blade
: 600-650°C)
- ATreplace
blade
frequency
byprevent
equipment
manufacturer,
do not trim with dull
Before
ABOUT
10
DAYS
blade
Trimming
check
the
equipment
(temperature
of the
trimming
blade
: 600-650°C)
-AT
replace
blade
with the
frequency
by hole
equipment
manufacturer,
ABOUT
10
DAYS
- blade
Choose
carefully
correctspecified
diameter
on the
Trimming
Beak
replace
blade
with
frequency
specified
by
equipment
manufacturer,
blade
Choose
carefully
the
correct
diameter
hole
on
the
beak-trimming
machine,
so
as
to
cut
the
beak
at
Beak
Trimming
AT blade
ABOUT 10 DAYS
beak-trimming
machine,
so
as
to
cut
the
beak
at
least
2
mm
from
the
nostrils
Trimming
ABOUT carefully
10 DAYS the correct diameter hole on the
-AT Choose
Beak
mm
from in
the
nostrils
- least
Hold 2the
hand,
with
the thumb
behind
AT
ABOUT
10chick
DAYS
Choose
carefully
theone
correct
hole beak
on
the
beak-trimming
machine,
so asdiameter
to cut
the
at
Beak
Trimming
Hold
the
chick
in
one
hand,
with
the
thumb
behind
the
head
(the
head
firmly
in
position
resting
on
the
AT
ABOUT
10
DAYS
Choose
carefully
the
correct
diameter
hole
on
the
Beak
beak-trimming
machine,
so
as
to
cut
the
beak
at
least
2
mm
from
the
nostrils
Trimming
head
(the
head
firmly
position
on
the
thumb)
ABOUT
10
DAYS
--AT the
Choose
carefully
the
correct
diameter
hole beak
on
the
beak-trimming
machine,
soin as
to the
cutresting
the
at
Beak
least
2 mm
from
nostrils
Hold
the
chick
inthe
one
hand,
with
thumb
behind
Trimming
Tilt head
the
chick's
beak
upwards
through
and
-- - thumb)
Choose
carefully
the
correct
diameter
hole 15°
on
the
beak-trimming
machine,
so
as
to
cut
the
beak
at
least
2
mm
from
nostrils
Beak
Hold
the
chick
in
one
hand,
with
the
thumb
behind
the
(the
head
firmly
in
position
resting
on
the
Trimming
-- Tilt
the
chick's
beak
upwards
and
cauterize
the
reinforced
side
edges
the15°
beak,
to
beak-trimming
machine,
so
tothrough
cutof
the
beak
at
least
2 mm
from
the
nostrils
Hold
the
chick
in
one
hand,
with
the
thumb
behind
the
head
(the
head
firmly
in as
position
resting
on
the
thumb)
Trimming
the
reinforced
side
edges
of
the
beak,
to
avoid
unequal
re-growth
of
the
2
mandibles
least
2
mm
from
the
nostrils
-- cauterize
Hold
the
chick
in
one
hand,
with
the
thumb
behind
the
head
(the
head
firmly
in
position
resting
on
the
thumb)
Tilt
the chick's beak upwards through 15° and
unequal
re-growth
of
the
2blade,
mandibles
temperature
of
the
each
operator
Check
the
-- - avoid
Hold
the
chick
in beak
one
hand,
with
theof
thumb
behind
the
head
(the
head
firmly
in
position
resting
on
the
thumb)
Tilt
the
chick's
upwards
through
and
cauterize
the
reinforced
side
edges
the 15°
beak,
to
-- Tilt
Check
the
temperature
of
the
blade,
each
operator
and
the
machine
every
hour
the
head
(the
head
firmly
in
position
resting
on
thumb)
the
chick's
beak
upwards
through
15°
and
cauterize
the re-growth
reinforcedofside
of the beak,the
to
avoid
unequal
theedges
2 mandibles
thumb)
Tilt
the
beak upwards
through
cauterize
the
reinforced
side
ofeach
the 15°
beak,and
to
avoid
unequal
re-growth
of
the
2blade,
mandibles
-- and
Check
thechick's
temperature
of
theedges
operator
thethe
machine
every
hourupwards
-- Tilt
beak
through
cauterize
the
reinforced
side
ofeach
the 15°
beak,and
to
avoid
unequal
re-growth
of
the
2blade,
mandibles
Check
thechick's
temperature
of
theedges
operator
and
8-10
WEEKS
cauterize
reinforced
side
ofeach
the operator
beak, to
unequal
re-growth
the
2blade,
mandibles
- ATavoid
Check
the the
temperature
of
theedges
and
the machine
every
hourof
8-10
- and
insert
athe
finger
between
2 mandibles
avoid
unequal
re-growth
of
2blade,
mandibles
-AT
Check
temperature
of the
the
each operator
theWEEKS
machine
every
hourthe
-AT
a
finger
between
the
2
mandibles
- insert
cut
the
beak
perpendicularly
at
a
right
angle
to its
Check
the
temperature
of
the
blade,
each
operator
and
the
machine
every
hour
8-10 WEEKS
long
axis,
so perpendicularly
that after
cauterisation
about
half
the
--AT cut
the
beak
at
a
right
angle
to
its
and
the
machine
every
hour
8-10
WEEKS
insert a finger between the 2 mandibles
length
of
the
beak
between
the
tip
and
the
nostrils
long
axis,
so
that
after
cauterisation
about
half
the
the
machine
every
hour
8-10the
WEEKS
insert
a finger
between the 2 mandibles
-AT cut
beak perpendicularly
at a right angle to its
is left
the
beak
between
and
the half
nostrils
8-10
WEEKS
insert
aof
finger
between
the
2 the
mandibles
--AT length
cut
the
beak
perpendicularly
at atipright
angle
to the
its
long
axis,
so that
after
cauterisation
about
- is
cauterize
each
mandible
with
care,
particularly
atthe
the
left
8-10
WEEKS
insert
a
finger
between
the
2
mandibles
-AT
cut
the
beak
perpendicularly
at
a
right
angle
to
its
long axis,
so that
cauterisation
about
length
of the
beakafter
between
the tip and
the half
nostrils
Female where the beak has been trimmed at
sides
of
the
beak,
so
as
to
round
off
the
sides
of
the
-- cauterize
each
mandible
with
care,
particularly
at
the
insert
a
finger
between
the
2
mandibles
cut
the
beak
perpendicularly
at
a
right
angle
to
its
long
axis,
so
that
after
cauterisation
about
half
the
length
is
left of the beak between the tip and the nostrils
8 - 10 weeks of age for floor housed laying
beak
and
avoid
lateral
re-growth
sides
of
the
beak,
so
as
to
round
off
the
sides
of
the
-- is
cut
the
perpendicularly
at atipparticularly
right
angle
to the
its
long
axis,
so that
after
cauterisation
about
the
systems or in cages in naturally lit houses
length
ofbeak
the
beak
between
and
the half
nostrils
left
cauterize
each
mandible
with the
care,
at
and
avoid
lateral
re-growth
long
sobeak,
that
after
cauterisation
about
the
length
the
beak
between
the
and
the half
nostrils
is
leftaxis,
TRANSFER
- ATbeak
cauterize
each
mandible
with
care,tip
particularly
at the
sides
ofofthe
so
as
to
round
off
the
sides
of
length
thebeak,
beak
the
and
thewhich
nostrils
-AT
cauterize
each
mandible
with
care,
particularly
at the
the
- is
If left
necessary,
re-trim
the
beaks
oftip
any
birds
require it, if it is allowed by codes and
TRANSFER
sides
ofofthe
sobetween
as
to
round
off
the
sides
of
beak
and
avoid
lateral
re-growth
is
left
--If necessary,
cauterize
each
mandible
with
care,
particularly
at
sides
of
the
beak,
so
as
to
round
off
the
sides
of
the it, if it is allowed by codes and
welfare
regulations
ofre-growth
the particular
country
re-trim
the
beaks
of
any
birds
which
require
beak
and
avoid
lateral
TRANSFER
-AT
cauterize
each
mandible
with
care,
particularly
at the
sides
of the
beak,
so
as
to
round
off
the sides of
beak
and
avoid
lateral
re-growth
welfare
regulations
ofthe
the
particular
country
- necessary,
increase
the
water
level
inof
the
drinkers,
and the
pressure in the pipes
AT
TRANSFER
-If
re-trim
beaks
any
require
sides
of the
beak,
so as
to round
offbirds
the which
sides of
the it, if it is allowed by codes and
beak
and
avoid
lateral
re-growth
After
AT
TRANSFER
make
sure
that
the
depth
of
feed
is
adequate
(do
the feeders
for a and
week)
-If necessary,
re-trim
beaks
of any
birds which requirenot
it, empty
if it is allowed
by codes
welfare
ofthe
there-growth
particular
country
beak regulations
and avoid
lateral
ATnecessary,
TRANSFER
-If
re-trim
of any
birds which require it, if it is allowed by codes and
Trimming
welfare
regulations
ofthe
thebeaks
particular
country
AT
TRANSFER
-If necessary,
re-trim
of any
welfare
regulations
ofthe
thebeaks
particular
country
-If necessary,
re-trim
of any
welfare
regulations
ofthe
thebeaks
particular
country
welfare regulations of the particular country






16
16
16
16
- Carrying out beak trimming
For
more
information
ISA
Brown
Layer Management
Guide – 2011
13
Growth and sexual maturity control through lighting program
-
How to encourage growth?
-
How to manage sexual maturity?
- Feed consumption is greatly influenced by light duration
to which the pullets are exposed.
- Continuous light during the first three days
- From three days to 7 weeks old, reduce light
duration to a constant light duration in temperate climate
- From 7 weeks old, maintain a constant light duration of
10.00 hours:
- In open house system, the light duration at the
plateau has to be adapted to type of housing, time
of the year and location of the rearing farm.
- In absence of photo stimulation (constant light duration),
the age at start of lay is determined by body weight. Once
photo stimulation has started, age at start of lay is no
more influenced by body weight.
- At all latitudes and irrespective of type of house :
- Never increase day length between 8 and 14
weeks
- Never increase day length before 1250 g
bodyweight
- Never decrease day length after start of lay
- Any decrease leads to drop of production.
- Egg weight depends on body weight at start of lay. So
there is a strong correlation between precociousness and
mean egg weight. A low body weight at sexual maturity :
- reduces mean egg weight
- could also induce lower overall performance
(egg numbers, shell quality, liveability,…)
- To modify the mean average egg weight obtained, we
recommend to advance or delay photo stimulation
according to bodyweight as previously explained.
-
-
-
-
Target egg weight
(Expressed as difference from standard)
Bodyweight
at stimulation
1100 g
1175 g
1250 g
1325 g
1400 g
1475 g
1550 g
1625 g
*
*
- 1 g / std
Standard
+ 1 g / std
+ 2 g / std
+ 2 h 00
*
*
+ 2 h 00
*
*
*
*
+ 2 h 00
*
*
+ 1 h 00
*
*
*
+ 2 h 00
*
*
*
+ 1 h 00
*
*
*
+ 1 h 00
then 30 minutes per week until 16 hours
- Two
weeks
modification
in
photo
stimulation will modify start of lay by one
week, the egg number by 4.5 eggs and
mean egg weight by 1 g. Total egg mass
produced will be not affected.
- In order to control egg weight profile, an
adequate lighting program has to be defined
according to type of poultry house,
location…
How to adapt light intensity?
For the first few days, an intensity of 30-40 lux is
recommended. After that the intensity used will
depend on the intensity to be experienced during
the laying period.
Buildings are considered as dark houses when light
penetration from outside, through all kinds of
openings, produces intensity less than 0.5 lux
.
Others are considered as semi-dark.
-
- In summer time, in dark house system, the
constant light duration at the plateau could
be increased to 12.00 hours
- In hot climate, a program of long days
decreasing until 15 weeks allows the bird to
eat during the cooler parts of the days in
order to compensate reduction of bird’s
appetite due to heat causes.
- In production, 15 hours of light duration at
50 % production encourage feed intake and
allows birds to counteract the harmful
effects of decreases of natural day-length.
Rearing in dark poultry house
Basics rules :
In dark building :
- An intensity of 5 to 10 lux is sufficient if
laying house is a dark building.
- If laying house is an open sided house
design, to avoid too much of an increase in
intensity at transfer, we recommend
maintaining an intensity of 40 lux.
In a naturally lit or semi-dark house, in order to
have an effective light program and to control
sexual maturity, 40 lux may be required.
An increase of light intensity is not needed to
stimulate the pullets
(Less than 0.5 lux above 20° latitude)
-
It is important to maintain 40 lux of light
14
sexual
maturity,
40 light
lux may
be required.
have an
effective
program
and to control
An increase
of 40
light
is not needed to
sexual
maturity,
luxintensity
may be required.
the of
pullets
stimulate
An increase
light intensity is not needed to
stimulate the pullets
Others are considered as semi-dark.
-
(Less than 0.5 lux above 20° latitude)
(Less
0.5important
luxin above
latitude)
-Basics
Slow
step: down lighting program till 7 weeks
- If-than
production
natural-lit
laying
house
rules
It is
to 20°
maintain
40 lux: of light
intensity
to
avoid
much house
of an
--Basics
hours
of light
as aprogram
constant
length, or -- If-If production
- 10.00
Slow
step
down
lighting
program
tillday
weeks
production
in natural-lit
natural-lit
laying
house
rules
: down
It is important
to too
maintain
40
lux::increase
of light
Slow
step
lighting
till
77 weeks
in
laying
in
intensity
at
transfer.
12.00
hours
in
summer
time
intensity to
to avoid
avoid too
too much
much of
of an
an increase
increase
10.00 hours
hours of
of light
light as
as aa constant
constant day
day length,
length, or
or
intensity
-- 10.00
- in
Itin intensity
is important
to have constant light
- 2.00
stimulation
and then 30 min
intensity
at transfer.
transfer.
12.00hours
hoursofin
inphoto
summer
time
at
12.00
hours
summer
time
duration
at
the
plateau
in order
to avoid
per
week
It
is
important
to have
have
constant
light
2.00
hours
of
photo
stimulation
and
then
30
min
- It is important to
constant
light
- 2.00 hours of photo stimulation and then 30 min
too
much
of
an
increase
in
light
duration
at
duration
at
the
plateau
in
order
to
avoid
per
week
duration
at
the
plateau
in
order
to
avoid
per week
transfer
too much
much of
of an
an increase
increase in
in light
light duration
duration at
at
too
- Get transfer
16.00 hours light at 50 % lay. It is not
transfer
to
exceed
light
in
Get 16.00
16.00 hours
hours
light at
at16
50 hours
% lay.
lay. It
It is
is not
not
-- necessary
Get
light
50
%
production
necessary to
to exceed
exceed 16
16 hours
hours light
light in
in
necessary
production
production
-
- Rearing in naturally lit house
Rearing in
in naturally
naturally lit
lit house
house
-- Rearing
-
-
-
It is very difficult to have a good
control of lighting programs in open
house systems.
The following examples suggested
are only guides. They should be
modified
according
to
results
previously obtained.
The lighting programs have to be
planned in conjunction with changes
in the natural day length.
One should make sure that lights on
and lights out coincide with sunrise
and sunset at the time photo
stimulation starts.
It is not necessary to exceed 16
hours in production, but we advice to
get 16 hours at 50 % production
Increasing Day-length
-
-
In increasing day-length, to avoid a too early sexual maturity, the length
of the lighting given should be equal
to the natural day-length to which
the birds will be exposed at 1250 g (98 days).
Light stimulation should start at
1250 g by increasing the length of
light by one hour.
-
NATURAL & ARTIFICIAL LIGHT SURATION
Increasing day length
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Decreasing day length
Dark period
Dark period
HATCH IN
WEEK 4
HATCH IN
WEEK 28
Dark period
Dark period
0
2
4
6
8
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52
WEEK OF THE YEAR
Decreasing Day-length
Hot climate between 20°
North latitude and 20° South
In decreasing day-length, a step down lighting program
will meet the natural daylength at 1250 g (98 days) To reduce delay in sexual
maturity
induced
by
decreasing day-length, we
advise to start the photo
stimulation by 2 hours.
And then 30 minutes per
week.
In these areas, we face nearly
constant hours of natural daylength during the whole year.
To compensate reduction in
bird’s appetite due to heat
causes, a slowly decreasing
light program till 15 weeks old
is advised.
By giving light early in the
morning, we encourage feed
consumption during the cooler
part of the day.
- Photo stimulation at 5 %
production
To get an efficient light stimulation, we advise light is added on in the morning instead of the evening.
15
Key Period 3: The transfer to the production house
How to reduce its negative effect?
Rearing unit
Laying unit
Sources of stress :
- Transport
- Housing system (close, open
house,…)
- Drinking system
- Feeding system
- Environment
- Light duration
Temperature
“The transfer is a major stress, accompanied by changes in- environment
(temperature, humidity...) and
“The transfer
is a major
stress,
accompanied
by changes
in environment
(temperature,
humidity...)
and
equipment.
It
should
be
carried
out
as
fast
as
possible,
ideally
being
completed
within a day.
The following
“The transfer
is a major
stress,
accompanied
by changes
in environment
(temperature,
humidity...)
and
equipment.
It should
be carried
out
as
fast
as
possible,
ideally
being
completed
within
a
day.
The
following
“The
transfer
is
a
major
stress,
accompanied
by
changes
in
environment
(temperature,
humidity...)
and
points
should
reduce
the severity
of thiscompleted
stress.” within a day. The following
equipment.
It should
be carried
out
as
fast
as
possible,
ideally
being
“The
transfer
is
a
major
stress,
accompanied
by
changes
in
environment
(temperature,
humidity...)
and
points
should
reduce
the severity
of thiscompleted
equipment. It should be carried
out
as
fast
as
possible,
ideally
being
points
should
reduce
the severity
of thiscompleted
equipment. It should be carried
out
as
fast
as
possible,
ideally
being
points should reduce the severity of this stress.”
should reduce
severity
of immediately
this stress.” afterwards :
Because of stress to which birdspoints
are subjected
duringthe
transfer
and
Because
of
stress
to
which
birds
are
subjected
during
transfer
and
immediately
afterwardsof
: the first eggs
- Itof
is stress
extremely
important
transfer has
beentransfer
completed
the appearance
Because
to which
birds that
are subjected
during
and before
immediately
afterwardsof
: the first eggs
It
is
extremely
important
that
transfer
has
been
completed
before
the
appearance
Because
of
stress
to which
birds
are subjected
during
transfer
andthe
immediately
afterwards
: theegg).
during
10 days
prior
to the of
first
(Major
developments
of reproductive
organs
occur
It
is
extremely
important
that
transfer
has
been
completed
before
the
appearance
first eggs
Because
of
stress
to which
birds
areare
subjected
during
transfer
andthe
immediately
afterwards
: theegg).
during
10 days
prior
to the of
first
developments
of reproductive
organs
occur
- (Major
It
is
extremely
important
that
transfer
has
been
completed
before
the
appearance
first eggs
We
advise
that
vaccinations
given
at
least
a
week
before
transfer.
during
the
10
days
prior
to
the
first
egg).
developments
of
reproductive
organs
occur
-- (Major
It
is
extremely
important
that
transfer
has
been
completed
before
the
appearance
of
the
first eggs
Welate
advise
that or
vaccinations
are
givenoften
at least
a week
before
transfer.
during
the
10
days
prior
to
the
first
egg).
(Major
developments
of
reproductive
organs
occur
A
transfer
a
too
long
transfer
leads
to
delayed
start
of
lay
and
higher
mortality
Welate
advise
that or
vaccinations
are
givenoften
at least
a week
before
transfer.
during
the
10
days
prior
to
the
first
egg).
(Major
developments
of
reproductive
organs
occur
--- A
transfer
a
too
long
transfer
leads
to
delayed
start
of
lay
and
higher
mortality
Welate
advise
that or
vaccinations
givenoften
at least
a week
beforestart
transfer.
-- A
transfer
a too long are
transfer
leads
to delayed
of lay and higher mortality
Welate
advise
that or
vaccinations
givenoften
at least
a week
beforestart
transfer.
- A
transfer
a too long are
transfer
leads
to delayed
of lay and higher mortality
- A late transfer or a too long transfer often leads to delayed start of lay and higher mortality
---





When?
When?
When?
When?
When?
Transfer at 16 - 17 weeks old
Transfer
at 16
- 17 weeks
old
Transfer
Transfer at
at 16
16 -- 17
17 weeks
weeks old
old
Transfer at 16 - 17 weeks old

-- Encouraging
rapid adaptation to the new environment

Encouraging
rapid
adaptation
to
the
new
environment

Encouraging
rapid
adaptation
to
the
new

Encouraging
to the new environment
- - Give
22 hours of lightrapid
the first adaptation
day
 - Encouraging rapid adaptation to the new environment
environment
---------
Give
hours of
light be
thedecided
first day
Light22
duration
should
according to what has been used during rearing
Give
22
hours of
light be
thedecided
first day
Light
duration
should
according
tohelp
whatthe
hasbirds
beeninused
during rearing
Give
22
hours
of
light
the
first
day
Increase
the
light
intensity
for
4
to
7 days to
the darkest
cages to
Light
duration
should
be
decided
according
tohelp
whatthe
hasbirds
beeninused
during rearing
Give
22
hours
of
light
the
first
day
Increase
the
light
intensity
for
4
to
7
days
to
the
darkest
cages to
Light
duration
should
be
decided
according
to
what
has
been
used
during
rearing
High
light
intensity
for
longer
than
7
days
can
increase
the
risks
of
pecking
Increase
the
light
intensity
forthan
4 to
7days
dayscan
to
help
the
birds
inused
the
darkest
cages to
Light
duration
should
be
decided
according
to
what
has
been
during
rearing
High
light
intensity
for
longer
7
increase
the
risks
of
pecking
Increase
the
light intensity
forthan
4 to77days
dayscan
to help
the birds
in the
darkest
cages to
High
light
intensity
for
longer
increase
the
risks
of
pecking
Increase
light intensity
forthan
4 to77days
dayscan
to help
the birds
in the
High lightthe
intensity
for longer
increase
the risks
ofdarkest
peckingcages to
High light intensity for longer than 7 days can increase the risks of pecking
find
find
find
find
find
nipples.
nipples.
nipples.
nipples.
nipples.

-- Encouraging
water consumption

Encouraging
water
consumption

Encouraging
water
consumption

Encouraging
water
The duration
of transfer can be
an important
source of water loss, especially in some atmospheric conditions.
 - Encouraging water consumption
consumption
The-duration
of transfer
can be an important source of water loss, especially in some atmospheric conditions.
Birds could
be dehydrated
The-duration
of transfer
can be an important source of water loss, especially in some atmospheric conditions.
Birds
could
be
dehydrated
The--duration
ofshould
transfer
canbefore
be an feeding
important source of water loss, especially in some atmospheric conditions.
Pulletscould
drink
Birds
be
dehydrated
The--duration
ofshould
transfer
canbefore
bethem
an feeding
important
source
of water loss, especially in some atmospheric conditions.
Pullets
drink
Birds
could
be
dehydrated
Absence
of
feed
helps
to find the
nipples
Pullets
should
drink
before
feeding
--- Birds
could
be
dehydrated
Absence
of
feed
helps
them
to
find
the
nipples
Pullets
should
drink
before
feeding
Wait for 3oforfeed
4 hours
before
distributing
feed and check if drinking system is working properly
Absence
helps
themfeeding
to
find the nipples
--- Pullets
drink
before
Wait
forshould
3oforfeed
4
hours
before
distributing
feed and check
if drinking system is working properly
helps
themcontrol
to
findisthe
nipples
A daily
water
consumption
of paramount
importance
-- Absence
Wait
for
3
or
4
hours
before
distributing
feed and check
if drinking system is working properly
oforfeed
helpsbefore
them
to
findisthe
nipples
Aimportant
daily
water
consumption
control
of paramount
importance
Wait
for
3
4
hours
distributing
feed
and
check
if close
drinking
system istoworking
properly
It is --alsoAbsence
to
maintain
the
temperature
at
point
of
lay
as
as possible
which they
have
A
daily
water
consumption
control
is
of
paramount
importance
forwater
3 orto4
hoursrearing.
before
distributing
feed
andof
check
if close
drinking
system istoworking
properly
It
is --alsoWait
important
maintain
thecontrol
temperature
at point
lay as
as possible
which they
have
A
daily
consumption
is
of
paramount
importance
become
acclimatised
during
It
is -alsoAacclimatised
important
toconsumption
maintain
thecontrol
temperature
at point ofimportance
lay as close as possible to which they have
daily
water
is
of
paramount
become
during
rearing.
It
is also
important
maintain
the temperature
point
of lay
as close
possible to which they have
if nipples
usedtoin
production,
necessary to at
have
nipple
drinkers
in as
growing.
Note:
become
acclimatised
during
rearing.
It
is also
important
maintain
the temperature
point
of lay
as close
possible to which they have
if nipples
usedtoin
production,
necessary to at
have
nipple
drinkers
in as
growing.
Note:
become
acclimatised
during
rearing.
if nipples
used in
production,
to have nipple drinkers in growing.
Note:
become
acclimatised
during
rearing.necessary
if nipples
used in
production,
necessary to have nipple drinkers in growing.
Note:
Note: if nipples used in production, necessary to have nipple drinkers in growing.
16
Adult space requirements
Adult space requirements
Cages
Litter
2
Floor
Litter & Slats
2
450 cm (69.8 sq.in.)
bird Management Guide
6 –birds/m
ISA Brown/ Layer
2011
20
2
8 birds/m
9 birds/m
1.3 sq.ft./bird
1.2 sq.ft./bird
1.8 sq.ft./bird
Feeder
Floor
2
All Slats
Trough
Pans
102cm (4”) / bird
450 cm (69.8 sq.in.) / bird
-
Drinker Trough
Feeder Trough
Birds/Round
Bell Drinker
Pans
10 cm (4”) / bird
10 cm (4”) / bird
--
Cups or Nipples
Drinker
Trough
Birds/Round Bell Drinker
Cups or Nipples
2
6 birds/m
1.8 sq.ft./bird
7.5 cm (3”)
2 / bird
2
8 birds/m
9 birds/m
4/100 birds
1.3 sq.ft./bird
1.2 sq.ft./bird
5.0 cm (2”) / bird
7.5 cm (3”) / bird
90birds
4/100
maximum
1010
cmbirds/cup
(4”) / birdor nipple
a minimum of 2 cups or nipples per cage
-
maximum
5.010
cmbirds/cup
(2”) / birdor nipple
maximum 10 birds/cup or nipple
maximum 10 birds/cup or nipple
90
a minimum of 2 cups or nipples per cage
17 – 28 weeks
17 - 28 WEEK
17 – 28 weeks
100
85
90
80
80
75
70
70
60
65
50
60
40
55
30
50
KEY
FACTOR IS
20
INCREASE OF
10
FEED
0
CONSUMPTION,
16
18
- Light duration
20
Egg weight in g
Peak of production
Rapid egg weight
increase
Laying rate in %
28 WEEK
45
40
35
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
Age in weeks
- Temperature
- Feeding time
Between transfer
and 28 weeks old, the bird has to cover :
- Feed composition
- its growth
till adult body weight
- Feed presentation
- its requirements to achieve peak of production
- its requirements to get a rapid egg weight increase
Between transfer and 28 weeks old, the bird has to cover :
- its growth till adult body weight
- its requirements to achieve peak of production
- its requirements to get a rapid egg weight increase
28 WEEK
Adult bodyweight
17
Advice on how to encourage feed consumption
Advice on how to encourage feed consumption
Adapted light duration :
- Achieving 15 hours of light at 50 % production
- Using midnight feeding till 1850 g for brown egg layers
21
Feeding times should take into account theForbehaviour
ofvisit
the
birds :
more information
- 60 % of the feed is eaten during the last 5-6 hours of the day
- Minimizing the number of feed distributions according to equipment. Too many feed distributions leads
to strong competition among the birds and a lack of uniformity due to preference for the larger feed
particles
Below, we give some examples of feed distribution times:
- 2 distributions: 2/3 of the feed is given 5 to 6 hours before "lights-out" and the remaining 1/3 about 2 to
3 hours after "lights-on".
- 3 distributions: the first should be 5 to 6 hours before "lights-out", the second about 3 hours before
"lights-out", and the third at lights on.
- 4 distributions: the same timetable as for 3 distributions, but with an extra distribution during the period
of light given in the middle of the night.
By giving an early lay feed to satisfy the production and growth requirement:
- Using a diet with an amino acid content about 7 % higher than that of the diet used after peak
- Energy levels remain the same. As birds adapt their feed intake according to energy intake, too high
energy diet content penalise the feed intake
Ambient temperature strongly influencing feed consumption. Lower temperatures in the laying barn encourage
birds to consume more feed in order to maintain their body temperature. Very important after the housing
give young layers opportunity to gain body weight and reach fast good early egg size. It is advisable to house
layers with 70-71°F (21.1-21.7°C) to develop eating capacity and reach adult feed consumption. When peak
production reached and feed consumption stabilized at around 30 weeks of age advisable gradually reach
temperature in the barn at around 76°F or 24.4°C.
18
After 28 weeks: Managing for the best economical performances
22
Feed
conversion
Uniformity
Egg quality
Liveability
 - Feed Conversion Ratio

--theFeed
Conversion
When
body weight
of the bird isRatio
correct, the feed conversion ratio can be improved slightly by :

Feed
Conversion
When
the
body
weight
of the bird isRatio

Feed
Conversion
Ratio
 -theFeed
Conversion
When
body weight
of the bird isRatio
Increasing
houseweight
temperature
When the body
of the bird is correct, the feed conversion ratio can be improved slightly by :
When
body
ofin
the
bird
is correct,
the feed conversion
ratio
be improved
by :
Increasing
houseweight
temperature
- the
A change
of 1°C
the
ambient
temperature
brings about
an can
inverse
change inslightly
feed consumption
in
Increasing
house
temperature
A
change
of
1°C
in
the
ambient
temperature
brings
about
an
inverse
change
in
feed
consumption
in
the
order
of
1.4
g
per
bird
per
day.
In
such
temperature,
egg
weight
is
slightly
reduced
Increasing house temperature
Increasing
house
temperature
-- the
A
change
oftemperature
1°Cginper
the
ambient
temperature
brings about
an
inverse
changereduced
in feed
consumption
in
order
of
1.4
bird
per
day.
In
such
temperature,
egg
weight
is
slightly
Increase
of
is
only
possible
if
temperature
throughout
the
poultry
house
is
uniform
- A change of 1°C in the ambient temperature brings about an inverse change in feed consumption in
-- the
A
change
of
1°C
in
the
ambient
temperature
brings
about
an
inverse
change
in
feed
consumption
in
order
of
1.4
g
per
bird
per
day.
In
such
temperature,
egg
weight
is
slightly
reduced
Increase
temperature
isbe
only
possible
ifintemperature
poultry reduced
house is uniform
Ventilation
satisfactory
accordance throughout
with
the
orderofofshould
1.4 g always
per bird
per
day.
In such
temperature,
eggrequirements
weightthe
is slightly
the
order
of
1.4
g
per
bird
per
day.
In
such
temperature,
egg
weight
is
slightly
reduced
-- Increase
of
temperature
is
only
possible
if
temperature
throughout
the
poultry
house
is
uniform
Ventilation
should
alwaysisbe
satisfactory
accordance
with
requirements
Above 27of°C,
the appetite
falls
too muchifinand
the pulletthroughout
under-consumes.
It is important
to avoid 27°C
- Increase
temperature
only
possible
temperature
the poultry
house is uniform
-- Increase
temperature
isbe
only
possible
temperature
the poultry house is uniform
Ventilation
should
always
satisfactory
accordance
with
requirements
Above
27of°C,
the
appetite
falls
too muchifin
the pulletthroughout
under-consumes.
in the hottest
parts
of the
house.
- Ventilation
should
always
be
satisfactory
inand
accordance
with
requirements It is important to avoid 27°C
- Ventilation
should
always
satisfactory
accordance
requirements It is important to avoid 27°C
Above
27 °C,
the
appetite
falls
too much inand
the pulletwith
under-consumes.
in the hottest
parts
of thebe
house.
- Above
27 °C, the
appetite
falls too much and the pullet under-consumes. It is important to avoid 27°C
Above
27
°C,
the
appetite
falls
too
much
and
the
pullet
under-consumes.
It is important to avoid 27°C
in light
the hottest
parts of the house.
Reducing
duration
in the hottest
parts of the house.
in
the
hottest
parts
of
the
house.
Reducing
duration
- A light
reduction
in light duration helps to maintain feathering and consequently reduces the average
Reducing
duration
- maintenance
A light
reduction
in light duration helps to maintain feathering and consequently reduces the average
requirements.
Reducing
light
duration
Reducing
duration
the average
A light
reduction
inmiddle
light duration
helps
to maintain
and
reduces to
requirements.
--- maintenance
Lighting
in the
the night
encourages
feed feathering
consumption
at consequently
start of lay. According
effect
A reduction
in light of
duration
helps
to maintain
feathering
and
consequently
reduces theitsaverage
theitsaverage
-- maintenance
A
reduction
in
light
duration
helps
to
maintain
feathering
and
consequently
reduces
requirements.
Lighting
in the
middle
of itthe
night encourages
feed itconsumption
at start of lay. According to
effect
on
shell quality
later on,
is preferable
to maintain
till end of lay.
maintenance
requirements.
requirements.
-- maintenance
Lighting
in the
middle
of
night
feed itconsumption
at start Progressive
of lay. According
to itsofeffect
shell quality
later on,
itthe
is preferable
maintain
tillinend
of buildings.
lay.
Discontinuous
program
canencourages
onlytobe
considered
dark
reduction
light
- on
Lighting
in the lighting
middle
of
the
night
encourages
feed consumption
at start of lay. According
to its effect
-- on
Lighting
in the
middle
of
night
feed itconsumption
at start Progressive
of lay. According
to itsofeffect
shellcould
quality
later
itthe
is preferable
tobe
maintain
till end
of buildings.
lay.
Discontinuous
program
canencourages
only
considered
dark
reduction
light
period
belighting
doneon,
with
type
of
program.
on
shell quality
later
on,
it this
is preferable
to maintain
it tillinend
of lay.
shell
quality
later
on,
it this
is preferable
tobe
maintain
it till
of buildings.
lay.could be
-- on
Discontinuous
lighting
program
can
only
considered
inend
dark
Progressive
reduction
of light
period
could
be
done
with
type
of
program.
In
a
normal
lighting
program,
in
dark
houses,
a
period
of
darkness
introduced
and
an
increase
- Discontinuous lighting program can only be considered in dark buildings. Progressive reduction of light
Discontinuous
program
can
only
be considered
indarkness
dark
Progressive
reduction
of light
could
belighting
done
with
this
program.
-- period
In
a normal
lighting
intype
dark
houses,
a
period
be
introduced
and
an increase
from
35
weeks
ifprogram,
body
weight
isof
correct.
Light
on of
and
light buildings.
offcould
has to
be
the same
throughout
the
period
could
be old
done
with
this
type
of
program.
period
could
be
done
with
this
type
of
program.
- In
a
normal
lighting
program,
in
dark
houses,
a
period
of
darkness
could
be
introduced
and
an
increase
from
35
weeks
old
if
body
weight
is
correct.
Light
on
and
light
off
has
to
be
the
same
throughout
the
laying
period.
- In a normal lighting program, in dark houses, a period of darkness could be introduced and an increase
- from
In a normal
lighting
in dark
houses, a
period
bebe
introduced
an increase
35
weeks
old ifprogram,
body weight
is correct.
Light
on of
anddarkness
light offcould
has to
the same and
throughout
the
laying
period.
from 35
weeks old if body weight is correct. Light on and light off has to be the same throughout the
from 35
weeks old if body weight is correct. Light on and light off has to be the same throughout the
laying
period.
laying period.
laying period.





---
Uniformity
Uniformity
Uniformity
Uniformity
Uniformity





---
Liveability
Liveability
Liveability
Liveability
Liveability
In order to achieve persistency and good shell quality late in lay, it is essential to keep the flock uniform.
In order
to achieve
and good
shell quality
lay, it is
essential
to keep
flock uniform.
of
uniformity
duringpersistency
lay is the result
of competition
forlate
theinbiggest
feed
particles.
Thatthe
depends
upon:
In
order
to achieve
persistency
and good
shell
quality
late
inbiggest
lay, it is
essential
to keep
the
flock uniform.
uniformity
during
lay
is
the
result
of
competition
for
the
feed
particles.
That
depends
upon:
-of
the
percentage
of
particles
greater
than
3.2
mm
in
diameter
In order to achieve persistency and good shell quality late in lay, it is essential to keep the flock uniform.
In
to achieve
persistency
and good
shell
quality
lay, it is
essential
to keep
flock uniform.
of
uniformity
during
layparticles
is the result
of competition
theinbiggest
feed
particles.
Thatthe
depends
upon:
-of order
the percentage
of
greater
than
3.2
mmfor
inlate
diameter
number
of feed
uniformity
during
lay distributions
is the result
of competition
for
the biggest feed particles. That depends upon:
uniformity
during
lay
is
the
result
of
competition
for
the
biggest
feed
particles.
That
depends
upon:
-of
the
percentage
of
particles
greater
than
3.2
mm
in
diameter
the percentage
number
of positioning
feed
distributions
space and
ofgreater
the feeders.
-- the
of particles
than 3.2 mm in diameter
-- the
percentage
of
particles
greater
than
3.2
mm
in
diameter
number
of
feed
distributions
the number
space and
of the feeders.
- the
of positioning
feed distributions
- the number
of positioning
feed distributions
space and
of the feeders.
- the space and positioning of the feeders.
- the space and positioning of the feeders.
Loss
Loss
Loss
Loss
Loss
Liveability depends, in naturally lit buildings, on the standard of beak trimming (see chapter on “BeakLiveability depends,
in naturally
onintensity
the standard
of beak
(see
chapter
on “BeakTrimming")
and, in dark
buildings, lit
on buildings,
the lighting
used during
thetrimming
production
period
and most
of all
Liveability
depends,
in naturally
lit
onintensity
the"Light
standard
of beak
(see
chapter
and, inofdark
buildings,
on buildings,
the lighting
used
during
thetrimming
production
period
and most
of all
on
the uniformity
light
distribution
(see
chapter
intensity").
Liveability
depends,
in naturally
lit
buildings,
on on
the standard
of beak
trimming
(see
chapter
on “BeakLiveability
depends,
in naturally
lit
onintensity
the"Light
standard
of beak
(see
chapter
and, inofdark
buildings,
on buildings,
the lighting
used
during
thetrimming
production
period
and most
of all
on
the uniformity
light
distribution
chapter
on
intensity").
Trimming")
and, in dark
buildings,
on (see
the lighting
intensity
used
during the production period and most of all
Trimming")
and,
in
dark
buildings,
on
the
lighting
intensity
used
during
the
production
period
and
most
on
the
uniformity
of
light
distribution
(see
chapter
on
"Light
intensity").
Chlorination
of theofdrinking
water is essential
to prevent
infections
from contaminated water. Frequent of all
on the uniformity
light distribution
(see chapter
on "Light
intensity").
on
the uniformity
ofdrinking
light
(see chapter
on "Light
intensity").
Chlorination
of be
themade
waterquality.
is essential
to prevent
infections
from contaminated water. Frequent
checks
should
ondistribution
water
Chlorination
of be
themade
drinking
waterquality.
is essential to prevent infections from contaminated water. Frequent
checks
should
on
water
Chlorination of the drinking water is essential to prevent infections from contaminated water. Frequent
Chlorination
of be
themade
drinking
waterquality.
is essential to prevent infections from contaminated water. Frequent
checks
should
on water
checks should be made on water quality.
checks should be made on water quality.
19
Lighting programs:
Several options possible, according to the local conditions and targets
The amount of feed eaten is dependent on the day-length. A change in day-length of one hour changes feed
intake by about 1.5 to 2.0 g.
-
Normal lighting program: 15 hours light from 50 % production
-
1.0 h or 1.30 h light in the middle of the night
-
Provide 15 hours light from 50 % lay.
The day length (Interval between lights on and lights out) should not be decreased during lay.
A day-length longer than 16 hours is not necessary in dark buildings.
In naturally lit or semi dark buildings, day-length should be equal to the longest natural day experienced.
Light should be switched on about 3 hours after lights out, in order to :
- Encourage feed consumption and growth in pullets at start of lay
- It can be discontinued at about 30 weeks of age if body weight and feed consumption are on target
- Towards the end of lay, night lighting improves the quality and colour of the egg shell to satisfy the
specific appetite for calcium during the egg shell formation.
- In hot climates or during a hot spell, lighting during the night reduces the ill effects of heat by encouraging
feed consumption.
20
Lighting program in temperate climate
Lighting program
program in
in temperate
Lighting
temperate climate
climate
Lighting program in temperate climate
The programs suggested are only guides. They should be modified according to results previously obtained.
Age and / or
Age and
/ or
Body
weight
Age
and
/ or
Body
weight
Age and / or
Body
weight
Body weight
1 – 3 days
1–7
3 days
4
7days
days
184–––314
days
1 – 3 days
8–––21
days
days
415
714
days
4 – 7 days
15
days
––21
28
days
822
– 14
days
822– 1428days
29–21
– 35days
days
15
15
days
29––21
35days
36
–2842
days
22
22
28
days
36–––35
42days
days
43
49
29
29
––35
days
43
49
days
After
49
days
36
––42
days
36
42
days
After
49
days
43
days
43––149
49
days
250
g
After
49
days
After
250days
g
1 49
325
1
325
400
11250
ggg
250
1
400
475
11325
ggg
1325
475
After
1
475
11400
ggg g
400
After
1 475
g
11475
475gg
After
After11475
475gg
Production in dark laying houses
Duration of lit period
Duration
of lit
period
Temperate
season
Hot season
Duration
of litseason
period
Temperate
Hot season
Duration of lit period
Temperate season
Hot season
Temperate season
Hot season
22 h
22 h
22 h
22 h
20
20
20 hh
20
22
22hh
18
18
22 h
22 h
18 hh
18
16
16
20
20hh
20 h
20 h
16 hh
16
15
15
18
18hh
18
hh
18 h
15hh
15
13
30
14
16
16hh
16
h
16 h
13
14
12hhh30
13
15
15hhh
15
hh
15 h
12
11
1213
h 30
13
h
30
14
h
1310
hh
30
14
h
11
1212
hh
30
12
h
13
h
12
hh
13 h
h
10 h
12
11
12
h 30
30
11
h
12
h
12 hh
14
10
12hhh
10
h
12
1414h h30
1212h h30
12
h
30
14
h h30
13
h
15
12
h
14
12
hh30
14
hh
13
15
13
h
15
12
h
30
14h
hh30
30
12
h
30
14
h
30
13 h 30
15 30
h 30
Increase by
13
15
hmin / week
13 h
h
15
h
by16
30 min
So as to Increase
have 15 to
at 50/ week
% production
13
15 hh30
13 h
h 30
30
So as to have 15 to1516h h30at 50 % production
Increase by
by 30
30 min
min//week
week
Increase
So
as to
to have
have 15
15 to
to 16
16 hh at
at 50
50%
%production
production
So as
Intensity
Intensity
Lux
Intensity
Lux
Intensity
Lux
Lux
20 – 40
20 – 30
40
15
1520– –20
3040
10
20 – 40
10
515
––10
–2030
15 – 30
510
– 10
– 20
10 – 20
5 5– –1010
5 – 10
5 5– –1010
10
555–––10
10
5
–
10
5 5– –10
10
10
555–––10
10
5
–
10
5 5– –15
10
5
–
10
5 – 15
5 5– –1515
15
555–––15
15
15
55––15
15
55––15
5
–
15
5 – 15
Production in naturally lit or semi-dark houses
Production in naturally lit or semi-dark houses
Production
lit or semi-dark
semi-dark
houses
Production in naturally Duration
houses
of light at 14
weeks
Age and / or
Age and
/ or
Body
weight
Age
and
//or
Age
and
or
Body
weight
Body
Body
1 – weight
3weight
days
1
4–3
7 days
7 days
84––14
days
115
3314
days
18–––21
days
days
days
15
days
4––––21
days
422
7728
days
days
–1428
days
days
29
35
8822
––14
days
29
– 35
days
15
–21
days
36–21
42days
15
36
42
days
43–––28
49days
22
28
days
22
43–––35
49days
days
29
35
days
29
Decreasing
day
lengths :
36––42
42
days
36
days
Decreasing
day
lengths :
After
49
days
43
49
days
43
––49
days
After
49 days
1 250
g
1
250
g
325
Decreasing
day
lengths
Decreasing day lengths ::
149
325
g
400
After
49
days
After
days
1
400
250ggg
11250
Increasing
daygglengths :
1
325
1 325
Increasing
day
lengths :
After
49ggdays
1
400
1 400
After
49 days
1 250
g
250lengths
1day
325
g
Increasing
Increasing day lengths ::
1 49
325days
g
400
After
After 49 days
1
400
g
250gg
11250
After
1 400
g
1325
325
1
gg g
After
1 400
1
400
g
1 400 g
22
22
22
After11400
400 gg
After
Duration of light at 14 weeks
≤ 10 h
≤ 10 h
Duration of
of light
light
at 14
14 weeks
weeks13 h
11 h Duration
12
h at
11 h
12 h
13 h
≥ 14 h
≥ 14 h
≤≤ 22
10
12 hh
13hhh
≥14
14
10hh
h
11
12
13
≥22
22 h
22
22
h hh
22
22
22
22
22
20 h
20 h
20 h
20 h
20 h
20
20
20
20
20
18 h
18 h
18 h
18 h
18 h
22
22hh
22hhh
22
22
hh
22
22
22
22
18h
18 h
18
18
18
16
16
16
16
16
hhh
16
16
16
16
16
hhh
20
hh
20
20
20
20
20
20hh
20hhh
20
15h
15 h
15
15
15
15hh
15
15
15
h30
18
hh30
18
18
18
18
hh
13
14 h
14
14
1415
h
18
18hh
18hhh
18
13
14
14
1414
h
16
hh30
16
16
16
hh
16
hh
12hh
13 h
13
1314
h h30
h30
16
16hh
16
16
12
13
1313
h h30
14
hhh
11h
12 h
1213
h h30
15
hh
15
15
15
hh
15
15
15
h
15
15
h
12 h
1214
h h30
13
14
1311
30
14
14
14
13
hh 30
14
h
14hhh
14hhh30
30
12 h
h
13 h
13
13
14
12
13 hh
13hh30
30
14hh
10h
NLh
NL
NL
11
hh
12
12
hh 30
13
14
11
12NL
30
13hh
14hh
10
NLh
NLh
NLh
NLh
12 h
13
14
15
16
12
13
13 h
14 h
1414h h30
1515h h30
1616h h30
13hh
1415
h h30
1516
hNL
16 NL
hNL
30
13
1414
h h30
h30
10
hh30
NL
NL
NL
10
NL
NL
13
h
30
14
h
30
15
h
16
h
16
h
12 h
h
13
14
15
16
hh
12
13 h
h
14 h
15hh
1630
13
h
14
h
14
h
30
15
h
30
16
13 h
14 h
14 h 30
15 h 30
16hh30
30
h
12
13
14
1310
30
14
15
16
16
13
hh 30
1411h
h h30
30
15hh
16hhh
16hhh30
30
10 h
11 h
12 h
13 h
14 h
11
12
13
14
15
11
12
13
12 h
13 h
14 h
1414h h30
1515h h30
12 hh
13 h
h
1415
h h30
1516
h h30
13
14
1414
hh
30
10
11
12
h
13
h
14
10 h
11 h
12 h
13 h
14hh
13
h
14
h
14
h
30
15
h
16
h
11
h
12
h
13
h
14
h
15
11 h
12 h
13 h
14 h
15hh
Increase
by
30
min
/
week
in
order
to
have
15
to
16
h
at
50
%
production
12 h
h
13
hh
14 hh30
15
12
13 /h
hweek in order14
14
15hh30
30
Increase
by 30 min
to have
15 to 1614
h
at 30
50 % production
13
h
14
14
15
16
13
h
14 h
h
14 hh 30
30
15hh
16hh
21
Brown/ Layer
Management
Guide – 2011
Increase by
by 30
30ISAmin
min
in
Increase
/ week
weekvisit
in: order
order to
to have
have 15
15to
to16
16hhat
at50
50%%production
production
For more information
www.isapoultry.com
ISA
Brown
Layer Management
Guide – 2011
For
more
information
25
Lighting program in hot climate
Lighting program for ho
th and
hott climates between latitudes 20°
20 °nor
north
and 20°
20° south
south
1 – 3 days
4 – 7 days
8 – 14 days
15 –21 days
22 – 35 days
36 – 49 days
50 – 63 days
64 – 77 days
78 – 91 days
92 – 98 days
99 – 105 days
106 – 112 days
113 – 126 days
After 127 days
5 % lay
After 35 % lay
After 60 % lay
23 or 2
4h
24
22 h
20 h
19 h
18 h
17 h
16 h
15 h
14 h
13 h
13 h
Natural light
Natural light
Natural light
14 h (+ 2 h)
15 h (+ 2 h)
16 h (+ 2 h)
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
40
refers
to the
period
of artificial
light give
consumption.
N
ote: (+
n ingiven
the middle
the night
encourage
Note:
(+22h)h)
refers
to the
period
of artificial
light
in theofmiddle
of to
the
night to feed
encourage
feed
consumption.
22
Adjusting
egg
weight
to
meet
market
requirements
Adjusting egg
egg weight
weight to
to meet
meet market
market requirements
requirements
Adjusting
Adjusting egg
egg weight
weight to
to meet
meet market
market requirements
requirements
Adjusting

Body
weight
of
the
pullet
at
sexual
maturity
Adjusting
to sexual
meet market
requirements

- Body
weight ofegg
theweight
pullet at
maturity
If one- has
a standard
growth
curve,
and
the age
atsexual
start of lay
is changed, then the body weight at sexual

Body
weight
of
the
pullet
at
maturity
If
one
has
a
standard
growth
curve,
and
the
age
at
start
of
lay
is
changed,
then the body weight at sexual

- Body
Body
weight
ofage
the
pullet
at
sexual
maturity
maturity
is alsoAdjusting
changed.
The
at start
of layat
hassexual
a directmarket
effect
on the
adult weight and, therefore, on the
egg
weight
to
requirements

weight
of
the
pullet
maturity
maturity
is aalso
changed.
The
age
at start
of lay
has
astart
direct
the
adult
weight
and, therefore,
the
If one- has
standard
growth
curve,
and
the
age
atmeet
ofeffect
lay
is on
changed,
then
the body
weight at on
sexual
If
one
has
a standard
growth
curve,
and
theEarlier
age
at
start of
lay
is will
changed,
then
the body
weight
at sexual
Adjusting
egg
weight
to
meet
market
requirements
egg
size
throughout
the
whole
laying
period.
maturing
flocks
produce
a greater
number
of eggs,
but

Body
weight
of
the
pullet
at
sexual
maturity
egg
size
throughout
the
whole
laying
period.
Earlier
maturing
flocks
will
produce
a
greater
number
of
eggs,
but
maturity
is
also
changed.
The
age
at
start
of
lay
has
a
direct
effect
on
the
adult
weight
and,
therefore,
on
the
If
one
has
a
standard
growth
curve,
and
the
age
at
start
of
lay
is
changed,
then
the
body
weight
at
sexual

- has
Body
weight
ofage
the
pullet
athas
sexual
maturity
maturity
is aalso
changed.
The
at start
of
lay
astart
direct
effect
on
the adult
weight
and, therefore,
on the
these
will
be
smaller
than
those
from
delayed
flocks
because
pullets
are
lighter.

Body
weight
of
the
pullet
at
sexual
If
one-eggs
standard
growth
curve,
and
the
age
at
of maturity
lay isthe
changed,
then
the body
weight at sexual
these
eggs
will be
smaller
thanage
those
from
delayed
flocks
because
the
areaweight
lighter.
egg
size
throughout
the
whole
laying
period.
Earlier
flocks
willpullets
produce
greater
number
ofateggs,
but
maturity
is aalso
changed.
The
at start
of
lay
a
direct
on
the
adult
and,
therefore,
on the
If
one
has
standard
growth
curve,
and
the
agehas
atmaturing
start
of effect
lay is changed,
then
the body
weight
sexual
egg
size
throughout
the
whole
laying
period.
Earlier
maturing
flocks
willthe
produce
aweight
greater
number
of
eggs,
but
maturity
isaalso
changed.
The
age
at and
start
of
lay
has
a
direct
effect
on
adult
and,
therefore,
on but
the
If
one
hasthroughout
standard
growth
curve,
the
age
atflocks
start
of lay
is the
changed,
then
the
body
weight
ateggs,
sexual
egg
size
the
whole
laying
period.
Earlier
maturing
flocks
will
produce
a
greater
number
of
these
eggs
will
be
smaller
than
those
from
delayed
because
pullets
are
lighter.
maturity
is
also
changed.
The
age
at
start
of
lay
has
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athasatsexual
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throughout
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maturing
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Research has shown that mean egg weight increases by 1 g when sexual maturity is delayed
by
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• Research
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athat
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•• Research
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mean
egg
weight
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sexual
maturity
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the
number
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eggs will
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decreased.
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each
change
of one
week in affecting
age
at start
total
egg
mass
produced.
of
lay,
there
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a
change
of
about
4.5
eggs
in
number
laid.
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using
the
appropriate
techniques,
the
age
at
start
of
lay
can
be
modified
to
produce
eggs
of
required
weight,
without
the
week.
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number
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eachrequired
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age
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at start
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the
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not
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ininage
atatstart
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there
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than
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stimulation
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age,
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advise
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age
at
start
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lay
can
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modified
to
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eggs
of
the
required
weight,
without
affecting
the
total
egg
mass
produced.
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of
the
sexual
maturity
lay,pullets
there
will
be
athat
change
of
about
4.5 eggs
eggs
in number
number
laid.
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using
the
appropriate
techniques,
total
egg
mass
produced.
until
have
reached
the
target
weight
planned.
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that
means,
they
will
not
bedelayed
allowed
toone
come
• Research
has
shown
mean
egg
weight
increases
by
g
when
maturity
is
by
of
lay,
there
will
be
a
change
of
about
4.5
in
laid.
By
using
the
appropriate
techniques,
the
age
at
start
of
lay
can
be
modified
to
produce
eggs
the
required
weight,
without
affecting
the
until
pullets
have
the
target
weight
planned.
that
means,
will not
be
allowed
to
come
total
egg
mass
produced.
notthey
starting
to
day-length
Rather
than
giving
light
stimulation
according
to age,
we
advise
the
age
at
start
ofreached
lay
can
be modified
modified
to produce
produce
eggs
of
the
required
weight,
without
affecting
the
••• Research
has
shown
that
mean
egg
weight
increases
byBy1
gthe
when
sexual
maturity
isincrease
delayed
by
one
not starting
to
increase
day-length
Rather
than
giving
light
stimulation
according
age,
we
advise
into
lay
at
too
low
body
weight,
which
would
be to
prejudicial
to
egg
weight
andone
overall
performance.
week.
Conversely,
the
number
of
eggs
will
be
decreased.
For
each
change
of
week
inaffecting
age
at start
the
age
start
of
lay
can
be
to
eggs
of
required
weight,
without
the
total
egg
mass
produced.
not
starting
to
increase
day-length
• week.
Rather
than
giving
light
stimulation
according
to
age,
we
advise
into
at
too
low
body
weight,
which
would
be
prejudicial
to
egg
weight
and
overall
performance.
until lay
pullets
have
reached
the
target
weight
planned.
By
that
means,
they
will
not
be
allowed
to
come
total
egg
mass
produced.
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the
number
of
eggs weight
will
beeggs
decreased.
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each
change
of
one
week
inallowed
age
at start
until
pullets
have
reached
the
target
planned.
By
that
means,
they
will
not
be
to
come
of
lay,
there
will
be
a
change
of
about
4.5
in
number
laid.
By
using
the
appropriate
techniques,
total
egg
mass
produced.
notthey
starting
to increase
day-length
• until
Rather
than
givingreached
light weight,
stimulation
according
to
age,Bywe
advise
pullets
have
theoftarget
weight
planned.
that
means,
will
not
beperformance.
allowed
to come
into
lay
at too
body
which
would
beto
prejudicial
to
egg
weight
and
overall
not
starting
to
increase
day-length
Rather
than
giving
light
stimulation
according
age,
we
advise
of
lay,
there
willlow
be us
a change
about
4.5
eggs
number
laid.
Bynot
using
the
appropriate
techniques,
into
lay
low
body
weight,
which
would
be
prejudicial
totoegg
weight
and
overall
performance.
The••following
table
shows
how
to
light
stimulation,
according
the
mean
egg
weight
desired.
the
age
at too
start
of
lay
can
beuse
modified
to produce
eggs
ofthat
the
required
weight,
without
affecting
starting
to
increase
day-length
Rather
than
giving
light
stimulation
according
toin
age,
we
advise
until
pullets
have
reached
the
target
weight
planned.
By
means,
they
will
not
be
allowed
to the
come
The following
table
shows
us
how
to
use
light
stimulation,
according
to
the
mean
egg
weight
desired.
into
lay
at
too
low
body
weight,
which
would
be
prejudicial
to
egg
weight
and
overall
performance.
until
pullets
have
reached
the
target
weight
planned.
By
that
means,
they
will
not
be
allowed
to
come
the
age
at
start
of
lay
can
be
modified
to
produce
eggs
of
the
required
weight,
without
affecting
the
total
egg
mass
produced.
until
pullets
have
reached
the
target
weight
planned.
By
that
means,
they
will
not
be
allowed
to
come
into laytable
at too
low body
weight,
which
would be prejudicial
toto
egg
weight
and weight
overall desired.
performance.
The following
shows
us
how
to
use
light
stimulation,
according
the
mean
egg
total
egg
produced.
into lay
lay
atmass
too
low
body
weight,
which
would
beto
prejudicial
to
egg
weight
and
overall
performance.
The•following
table
shows
us
how
to use
light
stimulation,
according
to
the
mean
eggoverall
weight
desired.
not
starting
to increase
day-length
Rather
than
giving
light
stimulation
according
age,
we to
advise
into
at
too
low
body
weight,
which
would
be
prejudicial
egg
weight
and
performance.
The•following
table
shows
us
how
to use light
stimulation,
according
to the
mean
egg weight
desired.
not
starting
to
increase
day-length
Rather
than
giving
light
stimulation
according
to
age,
we
advise
until
pullets
have
reached
the
target
weight
planned.
By
that
means,
they
will
not
be
allowed
to come
Bodyfollowing
weight attable shows us how to use
Target
Egg
Weight (Expressed
asthe
Difference
From
Standard)
The
light
stimulation,
according
to
mean
egg
weight
desired.
Body
weight
at
Target
Egg
Weight
(Expressed
as
Difference
Standard)
until
pullets
have
reached
the
target
weight
planned.
By that
means,
they
willFrom
not be
allowed to come
The
following
table
shows
us
how
to
use
light
stimulation,
according
to
the
mean
egg
weight
desired.
The
following
table
shows
us
how
to
use
light
stimulation,
according
to
the
mean
egg
weight
desired.
into
lay
at
too
low
body
weight,
which
would
be
prejudicial
to
egg
weight
and
overall
performance.
light stimulation
light
Bodystimulation
weight
at at too low body weight, Target
Egg Weight
(Expressed
as weight
Difference
into lay
which would
be prejudicial
to egg
and From
overallStandard)
performance.
Body weight
at
Target
Egg Weight
(Expressed
as Difference
From
Standard)
- 1 g Target
standard
+ 1 g From
+2g
Body
weight
at
Egg
Weight
(Expressed
as
Difference
Standard)
1
g
standard
+
1
g
+2g
light
stimulation
The
following
table
shows
us
how
to
use
light
stimulation,
according
to
the
mean
egg
weight
desired.
light
stimulation
Body
weight at
at
Target
EggWeight
Weight
(Expressed
asDifference
Difference
FromStandard)
Standard)
light
stimulation
The
following
table
shows
us
how
to
use
light
stimulation,
according
to
the
mean
egg
weight
desired.
1
g
standard
+
1
g
+2g
Body
weight
Target
Egg
(Expressed
as
From
Body
weight
(Expressed as Difference
From Standard)
ghTarget Egg Weight
standard
+1g
+2g
1100atg
+-- 112g
light stimulation
stimulation
standard
+1g
+2g
1100 g
+2h
light
light
stimulation
1175 g
*g
1
standard
+
1
g
+
2g
1175
*gghTarget Egg Weight
1100atg
2
standard
Body weight
(Expressed
as Difference
--+
standard
++11gg From Standard) ++22gg
1100 g
+112
h
1250
*
+
2
h
1100
+2
Body
weight
as Difference From Standard)
1250
* hTarget Egg Weight+(Expressed
2h
1175atg
light stimulation
1175
g
*h
1325 g
*
1100
+ 22
light stimulation
1175
*
1325
g
*
1250
+
2
h
1100
g
+
h
standard
+ 1 g2 h
+2g
1100
+- 12*gh
1250 gg
+2h
1400
g
1175
- 1***
standard
+ 1+
+2g
1250
*g
+ 2*
1400
*h
+g2 h
1325 gg
1175
1175
1325
1475
g
*
*
+
1
h
1250
*
+ 2 hh
1325
g
1475
+1
1400 gg
2h
1250
1100
+2
1250
****h
++ 22**
1400gg
+ 22
1550
g
*h
* hh
+2h
1325
*
*
1100
+
2
h
1400
*
*
+
1550
g
*
* h
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1475
+
1
1325
g
*
*
1175
**
**
1475
+
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h
1625
g
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1400
g
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h
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g
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1475
*
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h
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g
*
*
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1400
g
*
*
+
2
h
1550
2h
1250
+2
**
* *h
+2h
1550
g
2 hh
*
*
+
1475
g
*
*
+
1
h
1250
g
*
+
2
h
1550
++ 21
* gg
*h
1h
**
***
+11*h
1625
1475
*
*
+
1325
1625
g
*
*
*
+
*
*
then
0
h
30
hour
per
week
until
16
hours
1550
g
*
*
*
+
2
1325
g
*
*
1625
++2h
11
hh
* gg
* then 0 *h***30 hour per week+until
**
**h
+2
* 16 hours
1hh
h
1550
*
*
+
1400
2
*
*
*
*
+
1
1625
g
+
1
1400
****
++2
* g
*
*30 hour per week
*h 16 hours
+1h
1hh
hh
*h*
+1
* then 0**h**
until
1475
1
1625
g
*
+
*
then 0
0*hh*30
30 hour
hour per
per week
week
until
16 hours
1475
***
+ until
1
+1h
1hh
** then
** g
1550
g
2
*
**
**h* 16 hours
++1
1550
g
*
*
*
++21hh
*
*
then
0
h
30
hour
per
week
until
16
hours
then 00 hh*30
30hour
hourper
perweek
weekuntil
until
16hours
hours
1625
*
* 16
* g
** then
1625 g
*
*
*
+1h
*
*
*
*
+1h
*
* and peak production,
+ 1 h body
Egg weight**is highly dependent on* bodyweight
at
24
weeks.
Between
5
%
lay
* then
h 30 hour
per week
16 hours
Egg weight is highly dependent on bodyweight
at 240 weeks.
Between
5 %until
lay and
peak production, body
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weight should
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Egg weight
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at 24 weeks. Between 5 % lay and peak production, body
Egg
weight
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weeks. Between
Between 55 %
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body
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Our
research
has
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determine
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body
weights
throughout
the
rearing
and
laying
periods.
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weight
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weeks.
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and
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atat
least
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as
measured
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numbers,
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weights
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increase
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atinleast
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feed
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Our
research
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conversion
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research
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usinto
determine
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periods.
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weeks.
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in
obtaining
performance
as measured
measured
by5egg
egg
numbers,
egg
weights
and
feed
Our
research
enabled
us
to
determine
optimum
body
weights
throughout
the
rearing
and
laying
periods.
has
enabled
us
to
determine
optimum
body
weights
throughout
the
rearing
and
laying
periods.
Our
has
enabled
us
to
determine
optimum
body
weights
throughout
the
rearing
and
laying
periods.
This
plays
an
essential
role
obtaining
as
by
numbers,
egg
weights
and
feed
weight
should
increase
by
atin
least
300 g.performance
conversion
ratio.
weight
should
increase by
300 g.performance as measured by egg numbers, egg weights and feed
conversion
ratio.
This
plays
an
essential
roleatin
inleast
obtaining
essential
role
in
obtaining
performance as
as measured
measuredby
byegg
eggnumbers,
numbers,egg
eggweights
weightsand
andfeed
feed
This
plays
an
essential
role
obtaining
performance
conversion
ratio.
conversion
ratio.
Our
research
has enabled us to determine optimum body weights throughout the rearing and laying periods.
conversion
ratio.
ratio.
Our •research
enabled
ustreatment
to determine
optimum
body
weights
the rearing
andprogram"
laying periods.
Foran
a has
more
precise
this
subject
referthroughout
to egg
the numbers,
chapter,
"lighting
in the
This•plays
essential
role in
obtainingof
performance
asplease
measured
by
egg weights
and feed
Forana essential
more precise
treatment
of
this subjectas
please
referby
toegg
thenumbers,
chapter, egg
"lighting
program"
in the
This plays
role
in
obtaining
performance
measured
weights
and feed
production
period.
conversion
ratio.
production
• For
a more period.
precise treatment of this subject please refer to the chapter, "lighting program" in the
conversion
ratio.
For o
a more
more
precise
treatment
of this
this
subject
please
refer
to
the chapter,
chapter,
"lighting
program"
in the
1.0-1.5
hours
light in the
middle
of the
night:
thisto
technique
encourages
feed
intake in
at
start of
•• For
a
precise
treatment
of
subject
please
refer
the
"lighting
program"
o
1.0-1.5
hours
light in the
middle
of the
night:
this technique
encourages
feed
intake atthe
start of
production
period.
production
period.
lay
and
allows
egg
weight
to
increase
rapidly
For
a
more
precise
treatment
of
this
subject
please
refer
to
the
chapter,
"lighting
program"
in
the
• For
a
more
precise
treatment
of
this
subject
please
refer
to
the
chapter,
"lighting
program"
in
the
more
precise
treatment
of
this
subject
please
refer
to
the
chapter,
"lighting
program"
in
the
production
period.
lay and
allows
to increase
rapidly
o 1.0-1.5
hours egg
lightweight
in the middle
of the
night: this technique encourages feed intake at start of
o 1.0-1.5
1.0-1.5
hoursof
light
in the
the middle
middle
of the
the night:
night:
this technique
technique
encouragesfeed
feedconsumption
intake at
at start
start
of
Temperature
21.1-21.7°
C (70-71°F)
at onset
of
lay will encourage
andof
production
period.
production
production
period.
o
hours
light
in
of
this
encourages
feed
intake
Management
o Temperature
of
21.1-21.7°
(70-71°F)
at onset
of lay will encourage
feed
consumption
and
lay period.
and
allows
egg
weight
toCincrease
rapidly
lay
and
allows
egg
weight
to
increase
rapidly
consequently
increase
early
egg
size.
1.0-1.5
hours
lightin
inthe
the
middle
ofthe
the
night:
this
technique
encourages
feed
intake
start
• For o
ao more
precise
treatment
of
this
subject
please
refer
to
the chapter,
"lighting
program"
in at
the
1.0-1.5
hours
light
middle
of
night:
this
technique
feed
intake
at
start
ofofof
1.0-1.5
hours
light
in
the
middle
of
the
night:
this
encourages
feed
intake
start
lay
and
allows
egg
weight
toC
increase
rapidly
consequently
increase
early
egg
size.
Temperature
of
21.1-21.7°
(70-71°F)
atrefer
onset
of
willencourages
encourage
consumption
and
• For ao more
precise
treatment
of
this
subject
please
totechnique
thelay
chapter,
"lighting feed
program"
in at
the
o lay
Temperature
of
21.1-21.7°
Cincrease
(70-71°F)
at 1
onset
ofeach
lay will
will
encourage
feed consumption
consumption
and it
• production
Between
23
and
27 °of
C,21.1-21.7°
egg
weight
falls
by rapidly
0.5
to
% forof
1°Cencourage
rise in temperature.
Above 27°C,
lay
and
allows
egg
weight
to
increase
rapidly
period.
and
allows
egg
weight
to
increase
lay
and
allows
egg
weight
to
rapidly
o
Temperature
C
(70-71°F)
at
onset
lay
feed
and
• production
Between
23
and 27 ° increase
C, egg weight
fallssize.
by 0.5 to 1 % for each 1°C rise in temperature. Above 27°C, it
period.
consequently
early egg
consequently
increase
early
egg
size.
fallsooby1.0-1.5
1 to 1.5
% per
°C.
hours
light
in the
middle
of
the night:
night:
this technique
technique
encourages
feed
intake
at start
of
Temperature
of
21.1-21.7°
CCC
(70-71°F)
at
of
feed
consumption
and
Temperature
of
21.1-21.7°
(70-71°F)
atonset
onset
oflay
laywill
willencourage
encourage
feed
consumption
and
Temperature
(70-71°F)
at
of
lay
will
encourage
feed
consumption
and
consequently
increase
early
egg
fallso by1.0-1.5
1 23
to 1.5
%
°C.
hours
light
in the
middle
ofsize.
the0.5
encourages
feed
intake
at start
of
• Between
and
27per
°of
C,21.1-21.7°
egg
weight
falls
by
to onset
1this
% for
each
1°C
rise in temperature.
Above
27°C,
it
•• Between
Between
23
and
27
°
C,
egg
weight
falls
by
0.5
to
1
%
for
each
1°C
rise
in
temperature.
Above
27°C,
lay
and
allows
egg
weight
to
increase
rapidly
consequently
increase
early
egg
size.
consequently
increase
early
egg
size.
consequently
increase
early
egg
size.
and
27per
°egg
C,°C.
egg
weight
falls by rapidly
0.5 to 1 % for each 1°C rise in temperature. Above 27°C, itit
and
allows
weight
to increase
falls bylay
123
to
1.5
%
fallsoby
byTemperature
123
to and
1.5 27
%
per
°C.
• Between
°of
egg
by
1°C
rise
temperature.
Above
27°C,
ititit
21.1-21.7°
(70-71°F)
at
onset
ofeach
lay
will
encourage
feedconsumption
consumption
and
Between
23
and
27per
°C,
C,
eggweight
weight
falls
by0.5
0.5to
to1
%for
for
each
1°C
riseininin
temperature.
Above
27°C,
23
and
27
°of
C,
egg
weight
falls
by
0.5
to
11%
%
for
each
1°C
rise
temperature.
Above
27°C,
falls
1
to
1.5
%
°C.
o Temperature
21.1-21.7°
CCfalls
(70-71°F)
at
onset
of
lay
will
encourage
feed
and
falls
1
to
1.5
%
per
°C.
consequently
increase
early
egg
size.
Egg size
canby
be
increased
by
the
use
of
vegetable
oil
rich
in
linoleic
acid.
Its
inclusion
leads
to
an
improvement
falls
by
1
to
1.5
%
per
°C.
1
to
1.5
%
per
°C.
consequently
egg size. oil rich in linoleic acid. Its inclusion leads to an improvement
Egg size can be
increased byincrease
the useearly
of vegetable
Between 23
23of
and
27
C,and
eggan
weight
fallsinby
by
0.5
to 1 %
%intake
for each
each
1°C
rise2inin%)
temperature.
Above27°C,
27°C,ititin
in the
digestibility
the
diet
increase
the
energy
(by1°C
about
due to theAbove
improvement
••size
Between
and
27
°° C,
egg
weight
falls
0.5
to
for
rise
temperature.
in the
digestibility
of
the
diet
and
an
increase
in the
intake
(by
about
2 %)
dueleads
to the
in
Egg
can
be
increased
by
the
use
of
vegetable
oilenergy
rich1 in
linoleic
acid.
Its
inclusion
to improvement
an improvement
falls
by
1
to
1.5
%
per
°C.
Egg
size
can
be
increased
by
the
use
of
vegetable
oil
rich
in
linoleic
acid.
Its
inclusion
leads
to
an
improvement
palatability.
The
addition
of
oil
also
causes
the
finer
feed
particles
to
stick
together.
Egg
size
canby
be1 increased
byoilthe
use
of vegetable
oilfeed
rich particles
in intake
linoleicto
acid.
Itstogether.
inclusion
leads
to an
improvement
falls
toof
1.5
% of
per
°C.
palatability.
The
addition
also
causes
theinfiner
stick
in
the
digestibility
the
diet
and
an
increase
the
energy
(by
about
2
%)
due
to
the
improvement
in
ISA
Brown
Layer
Management
Guide–
2011
Egg
size
can
by
oil
rich
inin
linoleic
acid.
Its
leads
an
improvement
in the
the
digestibility
of the
the diet
diet
anduse
an of
increase
in
the
energy
intake
(by
about
%) due
due
toto
the
improvement
in
size
can be
be increased
increased
bythe
the
use
ofvegetable
vegetable
oilinformation
rich
linoleic
acid.
Itsinclusion
inclusion
leads
to
an
improvement
increased
by
the
use
of
vegetable
oil
rich
linoleic
acid.
Its
inclusion
leads
to
an
improvement
ISA
Brown
Layerin
Management
Guide–
2011
27
in
digestibility
of
and
an
increase
in
the
energy
intake
(by
about
22 %)
to
the
improvement
in
For
more
visit
palatability.
The
addition
of
oil
also
causes
the
finer
feed
particles
to
stick
together.
27
For
more
information
visit
:
www.isapoultry.com
in
the
digestibility
of
the
diet
and
an
increase
in
the
energy
intake
(by
about
2
%)
due
to
the
improvement
in
palatability.
The
addition
of
oil
also
causes
the
finer
feed
particles
to
stick
together.
digestibility
of
the
diet
and
an
increase
in
the
energy
intake
(by
about
2
%)
due
to
the
improvement
in
digestibility
of
the
diet
and
an
increase
in
the
energy
intake
(by
about
2
%)
due
to
the
improvement
in
Oil
palatability. The addition of oil also causes the finer
feed
to stick
ISA Brown
Layerparticles
Management Guide–
2011 together.
ISA
Brown
Layer
Management
Guide–
2011
For
more
information
Egg
size can
canThe
be increased
increased
byoil
the
use
of vegetable
vegetable
oil
rich
in
linoleic
acid.
Itstogether.
inclusionleads
leadsto
toan
animprovement
improvement27
palatability.
addition
also
causes
the
feed
particles
to
stick
ISA
Brown
Layer
Management
Guide–
2011
addition of
of
oil
also
causes
thefiner
finer
feed
particles
to
stick
together.
palatability.
The
addition
of
oil
also
causes
the
finer
feed
particles
to
stick
together.
27
Egg
size
be
by
the
use
of
oil
rich
in
linoleic
acid.
Its
inclusion
23
For
more
information
visit::www.isapoultry.com
www.isapoultry.com
27
For
more
information
visit
ISA
Brown
Layer
Management
Guide–
2011
ISA
Layer
Guide–
2011
ISABrown
Brown
LayerManagement
Management
Guide–
2011
in
the
digestibility
of
the
diet
and
an
increase
in
the
energy
intake
(by
about
2
%)
due
to
the
improvement
For
more
information
visit
: :www.isapoultry.com
in the digestibility of the diet and an increase in
the
energy
intake
(by about 2 %) due to the improvement 27
inin
27
27
For
more
information
visit
For
more
information
visit
:www.isapoultry.com
www.isapoultry.com
palatability. The
The addition
addition of
of oil
oil also
also causes
causes the
the finer
finer feed
feed particles
particles to
to stick
stick together.
together.
palatability.
 -- Body weight of the pullet at sexual maturity


 -- Control
Control of
of the
the sexual
sexual maturity
maturity

Control
of
the
sexual
maturity
 -- Control
Control of
of the
the sexual
sexual maturity
maturity


Control
of
the
sexual
maturity
 -- Control
Control of
of the
the sexual
sexual maturity
maturity

 -- Control of the sexual maturity


 -- Body
Body weight
weight at
at 24
24 weeks
weeks

Body
weight
at
24
weeks
 -- Body
Body weight
weight at
at 24
24 weeks
weeks

 - Body
Body weight
weight at
at
24
weeks
at 24
24 weeks
weeks
 -- Body weight at 24 weeks


 -- Management
Management

Management
 - Management
Management
 - Management
Management
 -- Management


 -- Oil
Oil

Oil
 - Oil
Oil
 - Oil
Oil
 -- Oil

ISA
Brown
Layer Management
Guide– 2011
For
more
information
27
27
Feeding in production: Cover the daily requirement to maintain the
Feeding in production:
Coverof
the
daily
requirement
persistency
lay
& shell
quality to maintain the
persistency of lay & shell quality
Addition of 0.6 % of
limestone
Start of lay Feed
to 28 weeks
28 weeks
-
50 weeks
End
Energy requirements
Energy requirements
Chickens regulate their feed consumption quite well, according to its energy content at constant oil level. This
can
vary regulate
within relatively
limits. Which
level totochoose
depends
more
on economic
thanThis
on
Chickens
their feedwide
consumption
quite energy
well, according
its energy
content
at constant
oil level.
nutritional
considerations.
can vary within relatively wide limits. Which energy level to choose depends more on economic than on
However,
important decrease of the energy level from pre-lay feed to layer feed will penalize quite a lot the
nutritionalan
considerations.
capacity
of
the
birds todecrease
intake the
dailyenergy
nutrient
requirements.
a constant
energy
thequite
birdsa already
However, an important
of the
level
from pre-lay At
feed
to layer feed
will level,
penalize
lot the
need
to
increase
its
feed
consumption
by
40
%
between
17
and
26
weeks
old.
capacity of the birds to intake the daily nutrient requirements. At a constant energy level, the birds already
Energy
is influenced
by the
percentage
of 17
oil,and
percentage
fiber added to the feed and feed
need
to consumption
increase its feed
consumption
by 40
% between
26 weeksofold.
presentation.
Consequently
a
poor
feed
grist
size
can
be
compensated
by
a
higher
percentage
oil. and feed
Energy consumption is influenced by the percentage of oil, percentage of fiber added
to theoffeed
presentation.
Consequently
a poor feed grist size can be compensated by a higher percentage of oil.

- Protein
requirements
Between
17 requirements
and 24 weeks, feed consumption should increase by about 40 %. Maximum feed intake
• - should
Protein
be reached for several weeks around peak production. In order to satisfy the daily nutrient
•
•
•
Between 17 and 24 weeks, feed consumption should increase by about 40 %. Maximum feed intake
requirements,
we have
to consider
that
the average
daily food consumption,
between
weeks
and
should be reached
for several
weeks
around
peak production.
In order to satisfy
the 17
daily
nutrient
72
weeks.
So,
the
protein
28
weeks
old,
is
about
7
g
lower
than
that
observed
in
the
period
28
–
requirements, we have to consider that the average daily food consumption, between 17 weeks and
(digestible
amino
should
adaptedintothe
theperiod
mean intake
level
recorded
during
this
weeks.
So, the
protein
28 weeks old,
is acids)
about specifications
7 g lower than
that be
observed
28 – 72
period.
(digestible amino acids) specifications should be adapted to the mean intake level recorded during this
Taking
period. into account persistency in lay, individual variability and egg weight, the requirement for amino
an economic
context,
it may
be worth reducing
the
acids
fall throughout
the
period. In
Takingdoes
into not
account
persistency
in laying
lay, individual
variability
and egg
weight,
the requirement
for amino
safety
margins
slightly.
However,
the
best
results,
in
terms
of
productivity
and
feed
conversion
ratio,
acids does not fall throughout the laying period. In an economic context, it may be worth reducing the
are obtained,
one maintains
the best
intake
level of
acids.
Any deficiency
ofconversion
amino acids,
no
safety
marginswhen
slightly.
However, the
results,
in amino
terms of
productivity
and feed
ratio,
which
type
of
amino
acid,
shows
up
as
a
reduction
in
performance,
of
which
2/3
is
due
to
a
matter
are obtained, when one maintains the intake level of amino acids. Any deficiency of amino acids, no
reduction
in
rate
of
lay
and
the
remaining
1/3
is
a
decrease
in
mean
egg
weight.
matter which type of amino acid, shows up as a reduction in performance, of which 2/3 is due to a
in rate
of lay and the remaining 1/3 is a decrease in mean egg weight.
 - reduction
Mineral
requirements
Calcification
of the shell
starts shortly before "lights out" and finishes mainly at the end of the night. It lasts

- Mineral
requirements
for about 12 hours. The quality of the shell depends on the quantity of calcium available during shell
formation. Getting the correct feeding timetable, and giving extra light in the middle of the night, enables us
to improve the shell quality.
Calcium retention depends on the size of particles used. Particles of less than 1.5 mm diameter are poorly
retained in the gizzards, and some calcium is found in the droppings. This results in deterioration in shell
quality.
• About 70 % of the total calcium supplied should be provided in granular form. This implies that 65 kg
of granular calcium carbonate should be included per tonne of feed. To be retained in the gizzard
these particles should be between 2 and 4 mm in diameter.
• The remaining 30% should be supplied in powder form to be used for replenishing the bone calcium
reserves.
Shell weight increases with age throughout lay. For that reason, we advise increasing the calcium
concentration in the diet throughout the laying cycle. Starting with 4.0-4.1% Ca and finishing with 4.5% Ca at
the end of laying cycle.
The quality of the shell also depends on the solubility of the calcium. Sources of calcium, which are too
soluble, lead to poor shell quality.
Failure to supply enough phosphorus leads to demineralisation of the hen’s skeleton, possibly causing long
term fractures and mortality.
24
ISA Brown
Management bringing
Guide – 2011 about the release into the blood of
During shell calcification, part of the bone calcium
isLayer
mobilised
28
more information visit : www.isapoultry.com
calcium and phosphate ions. The phosphate For
ions
are then re-absorbed by the kidneys. The replenishment of
28
bone reserves necessitates a supply of phosphate.
The phosphorus
requirement depends on how much is
The quality of the shell also depends on the solubility of the calcium.
soluble, lead to poor shell quality.
Sources of calcium, which are too
Failure to supply enough phosphorus leads to demineralisation of the hen’s skeleton, possibly causing long
term fractures and mortality.
During shell calcification, part of the bone calcium is mobilised bringing about the release into the blood of
calcium and phosphate ions. The phosphate ions are then re-absorbed by the kidneys. The replenishment of
bone reserves necessitates a supply of phosphate. The phosphorus requirement depends on how much is
called on from the bone reserves. The phosphorus requirement is, therefore, dependent on the form in which
calcium is supplied and on the methods by which it is fed.
At end of lay, an excess of phosphorus tends to lead to deterioration in shell quality.
Water quality
-
Chemical substances
As yet, there are no standards for drinking water in farm animal production. However, we indicate below the
maximum concentrations of some chemical substances, which can lead to physiological troubles and a
reduction in performance. Their presence can also lead to deterioration of the pipelines.
- chlorides (Cl)
- sodium (Na)
- magnesium (Mg)
500 ppm
500 ppm
200 ppm
- potassium (K)
- iron (Fe)
- nitrites (NO2)
500 ppm
500 ppm
5 ppm
- sulphates(So4)
- nitrates (NO3)
- arsenic (As)
1100 ppm
50 ppm
0.01 ppm
Where the water is very saline, it could be worth reducing the level of salt in the feed, but at the same time
making sure that there is no deficiency.
In areas, where the water is very hard, the use of softeners or ion exchangers can lead to a significant increase
in the sodium content. A high content can be responsible for liquid droppings and shell quality problems, and
even production problems.
For birds, the ideal pH lies between 6 and 7. If the pH is too acidic, corrosion of the pipes sets in. Above pH 7
conditions favour the growth of bacteria. Organic acids can be used to lower the pH.
-
Monitoring water quality
The value of any analysis depends on when, where, and how the sample has been taken. One should not
forget that an analysis only refers to the quality of the water at the time, when the sample was taken, and is
never a guarantee of its quality at another time. Where farms have their own water supply, it is necessary to
take a sample at least twice a year. On farms using the mains supply an annual measurement should be
adequate.

- Treatment of drinking water
Chlorination is still the best and most economic method of treating drinking water.
The chlorine can be
Chlorination
is
still
the
best
and
most
economic
method
of
treating
drinking
water.
The
chlorine
can
Chlorination
is still
still of
the
best and
and
most
economic
method
oftreating
treating
drinking
water.
Thechlorine
chlorine
canbebe
be
Chlorination
is
the
best
most
method
drinking
water.
The
injected by means
a dosing
pump.
A economic
contact
time
of 15of
to
30
minutes
between
the water
and
thecan
chlorine
injected
by
means
of
a
dosing
pump.
A
contact
time
of
15
to
30
minutes
between
the
water
and
the
chlorine
injected
by
means
of
a
dosing
pump.
A
contact
time
of
15
to
30
minutes
between
the
water
and
the
chlorine
injected
by
means
of
a
dosing
pump.
A
contact
time
of
15
to
30
minutes
between
the
water
and
the
chlorine
is necessary for good disinfection. It is essential to monitor the residual active chlorine at the end of the pipe
is
necessary
for
good
disinfection.
essential
to
monitor
the
residual
active
chlorine
atthe
theend
end
ofthe
the
pipe
is
necessary
for
good
disinfection.
Itlevel
isessential
essential
tomonitor
monitor
the
residual
active
chlorine
the
end
the
is
necessary
isis
to
chlorine
atat
ofof
pipe
be
0.3
-pipe
0.4
system
oncefor
a good
week.disinfection.
The residualItIt
of active
chlorinethe
atresidual
the
endactive
of the
system
should
system
once
a
week.
The
residual
level
of
active
chlorine
at
the
end
of
the
system
should
be
be
0.3
0.4
system
once
a
week.
The
residual
level
of
active
chlorine
at
the
end
of
the
system
should
be
0.3
0.4
system
once
a
week.
The
residual
level
of
active
chlorine
at
the
end
of
the
system
should
mg/litre (0.3 - 0.4 ppm).
0.3
- 0.4
mg/litre
(0.3
- 0.4 ppm).
mg/litre
(0.3
0.4 ppm).
ppm).
mg/litre
(0.3
-- 0.4
Cleaning the drinkers
Cleaning the
the drinkers
drinkers
-- Cleaning
For more
information
The water in drinkers often becomes soiled with
feed
residues,
and possibly with infections. To prevent29
the
The
water in
in drinkers
drinkers
often
becomes
soiled
withfeed
feed
residues,
and
possibly
withinfections.
infections.
the
The
water
becomes
possibly
ToToprevent
the
development
of germsoften
in the
drinkers,soiled
they with
should
be residues,
cleaned
atand
least
once awith
day
during
the first
2prevent
weeks,
and
development
of germs
germs in
in the
thedrinkers,
drinkers,they
theyshould
shouldbe
becleaned
cleanedatatleast
leastonce
oncea aday
dayduring
duringthe
thefirst
first2 2weeks,
weeks,
and
development
and
once a week of
thereafter.
once aa week
week thereafter.
thereafter.
once
In a hot climate, the drinkers should be cleaned every day. The depth of water in the drinkers should be 15 mm.
In
mm.
In aa hot
hot climate,
climate, the
the drinkers
drinkers should
should be
becleaned
cleanedevery
everyday.
day.The
Thedepth
depthofofwater
waterininthe
thedrinkers
drinkersshould
shouldbebe1515
mm.
It is essential to decontaminate the pipelines when the birds have gone, using alkaline and acid cleaners in
when
gone,
using
alkaline
and
It
is
to
the
whenthe
thebirds
birdshave
have
gone,in
using
alkaline
andacid
acidcleaners
cleanersin in
It
is essential
essential
to decontaminate
decontaminate
the pipelines
pipelines
succession
in order
to avoid accumulation
of mineral
and
organic
deposits
drinker
pipelines.
succession
succession in
in order
order to
to avoid
avoidaccumulation
accumulationof
ofmineral
mineraland
andorganic
organicdeposits
depositsinindrinker
drinkerpipelines.
pipelines.
Water consumption
-- Water
Water consumption
consumption
Water consumption depends on ambient temperature. Above 20°C, consumption increases to enable the bird
Water
consumption
depends
ambient
Above
Water
consumption
depends on
on
ambienttemperature.
temperature.
Above
20°C,consumption
consumptionincreases
increasesto
enablethe
thebird
bird
25
to maintain
body temperature
(respiratory
evaporation).
The 20°C,
actual
consumption
depends
ontoenable
temperature
and
to
maintain
body
temperature
(respiratory
evaporation).
The
actual
consumption
depends
onontemperature
and
to
maintain
body
temperature
(respiratory
evaporation).
The
actual
consumption
depends
temperature
and
humidity of the ambient air. The following table shows the relationship between water and feed consumption
humidity
of the ambient
air.
humidity
ambient
air. The
The following
followingtable
tableshows
showsthe
therelationship
relationshipbetween
betweenwater
waterand
andfeed
feedconsumption
consumption
accordingoftothe
house
temperature:
according
according to
to house
house temperature:
temperature:
Temperature
Rearing
Production
-
Water consumption
Water consumption depends on ambient temperature. Above 20°C, consumption increases to enable the bird
to maintain
body consumption
temperature (respiratory evaporation). The actual consumption depends on temperature and
humidity
Water
of the ambient air. The following table shows the relationship between water and feed consumption
Water
consumption depends on ambient temperature. Above 20°C, consumption increases to enable the bird
according to house temperature:
to maintain body temperature (respiratory evaporation). The actual consumption depends on temperature and
Temperature
Rearing
Production
humidity of the ambient air. The following table shows the relationship between water and feed consumption
15°C
1.6
1.70 (210 ml)
according to house temperature:
20°C
1.7
1.80 (205 ml)
Temperature
Rearing
Production
25°C
2.3
2.10
(230 ml)
30°C
3.0
3.10
ml)
15°C
1.6
1.70(320
(210
ml)
20°C
1.7
1.80 (205 ml)
In hot periods it is essential to
provide cool 2.3
water for 2.10
the birds.
In a hot climate, cool water will improve
25°C
(230 ml)
productivity. It is extremely important
to protect
tanks
from
30°C
3.0the water
3.10
(320
ml)the direct sun's rays.
In hot periods it is essential to provide cool water for the birds. In a hot climate, cool water will improve
productivity. It is extremely
important
to body
protecttemperature
the water tanks
the direct
sun's…
rays.
The control
of the
offrom
the bird
is done
Hot
seasons
and
effect
heat
By
respiratory
route
By direct
exchange
with
the
localclimates:
The
control
of
the
body
temperaturethe
of the
the
bird of
is done
…. Heart
irato
&
resp
ry
rates
increase
in
h
fal
environm
ent,
whic
ls
as
the
The control of the body temperature of the bird is done …
in
e
order
to
crease
further
th
al temperatu
re
is
i
externThe
ncreased
control of the body temperatureBy
of the
therespiratory
bird is done
…. Heart
route
By direct exchange with the local
water loss
(Air,
litter,
radiatio
)
n
& resp
ry ratesroute
increase
in
ironmexchange
fallsthe
env
ent, whichwith
aslocal
the
By
the irato
respiratory
. Heart
By
direct
in
e
order
to
crease
further
th
al
t
re
is
i
extern
emperatu
ncreased
& resp
ry ratesroute
increase
in
ironmexchange
fallsthe
env
ent, whichwith
aslocal
the
By
the irato
respiratory
. Heart
By
direct
w
ater
loss
to inry
crease
&order
respirato
ratesfurther
increase
al
temperatu
re
is
extern
ncreased
h 25
falils
environm
ent,
whic
75th
%ein
(Air,
litter,
radiatio
n)as
%
of the
w
ater
loss
in
e
order
to
crease
further
th
is increased
external temperatureheat
(Air, litter, radiationloss
)
water loss
(Air, litter, radiation)
75 %
25 % of
heat
75 %
25 %loss
of
Temperate
heat
25 Hot
%loss
of
Temperate
Hot 75 %
heat loss
Temperate
Hot
Temperate
Hot
Temperate
Hot
Temperate
Hot
Drop in
in production
production is
isHot
consequenceof
ofaareduction
reduction
ofthe
thecapacity
capacityto
to
loseheat.”
heat.”
““Temperate
Drop
aa consequence
of
lose
Temperate
Hot
Consumpt
Consumpt
Coion
nsumpt
Cion
ion
in gin
ognsumpt
in g ion in g
DietDi
Di
2.7okcal
Di
7f 75
7(11,6
(11,6
MJ)
7kg
kg
MJ) kg
(11,6 MJ) kg
oet
f 2.o
et
f 2.kcal
oMJ)
f 2.(11,6
75
75etkcal
75 kcal
“ Drop in production is a consequence of a reduction of the capacity to lose heat.”
Lowergrowth
growthrates
rates
Lower
125
340
“ Drop in production
is a consequence of a reduction of the capacity
to lose heat.”
duringrearing
rearingand
and
during
121
330
“ Drop
is a consequence
of a reduction of the capacity
to lose heat.”
thereduced
reduced
With
the increase
increase
of in production
With the
of
the
120
320
rnal temperature,
temperature,
production
during
lay
exte
external
production
during
lay
Lower growth
rates
115
114
340
125
310
are
only
a
feed intake
intake is
is
a lower
lower feed
are
only
during rearing and
Lower growthof
rates
110
121 For more information visit : www.isapoultry.com
30
330
consequences
ofthe
the
noticed.
This is
is the
the
noticed.
This
consequences
300
the reduced
With
the increase
of
120
340
125
108
during
rearing
and
Lower
growth
rates
result
of the
the
reduction
reduction
in
feed
result
of
reduction
reduction
in
feed
320
290
temperature,
production
during
lay
external
105
121
330
340
125
115
the reduced
With
increase
of
114
120
during
rearing
and
of
the the
bird’s
consumption
when
of
the
bird’s
ability
to
consumption
when
310
are
only
a
lower
feed ability
intake to
is
280
101
121
320
330
rnal
temperature,
production
during
lay
exte
100
thebirds
reduced
With
the
increase
of
120
lose
heat.
the
are
lose
heat.is the
the
birds
are
110
115
consequences
of the
noticed.
This
114
300
270
108
310
are only
a
lower
feed
intake
is
320
rnal
temperature,
production
during
exte
incapable
of
of
incapable
95
result of the reduction
reduction in feedlay
115
290
114
260
105
110
consequences
of the
noticed.
This
is theis
300
310
are only
a
lower
feed
intake
regulating
their
regulating
their
108
of the bird’s ability to
consumption
when
280
90
250
101
result
of the
reduction
reduction
in
feed
110
consequences
of the
noticed.
This
is
the
290
temperature
300
temperature
100
105
lose heat.
the
birds are
270
15
20
25 108
30
of the of
bird’s
ability to
consumption
when
result
the reduction
reduction
in
feed
280
290
101 105
incapable of
95
100
heat.
the birds are
260
Temperature in ºC
of thelose
bird’s
ability to
consumption
when
270
280
regulating their
101
100
of
incapable
90
250
lose heat.
the
birds
are
95
temperature
260
270
regulating
of
incapabletheir
15
20
25
30
Reduce the ambient
95
90
250
260
Increase
the air
speed
Equipment
temperature
regulating
their
Temperature
in
ºC
temperature 250
15
20
25
30
90
temperature
- Insulation of the roof
ByTemperature
using
air movers
- Have cages designed to
in ºC(paddle
15 20
25
30
- Wide roof overhangs
fans)
facilitate air circulation
Temperature in ºC
- Use of pad (evaporative)
- With longitudinal ventilation
- Reduce stocking density
cooling
26
Hot season:
How to enco
Hot season: How to encourage feed consumption
& growth?
Hot season: How to encourage feed consumption & growth?
Hotseason:
season:How
Howto
toencourage
encouragefeed
feedconsumption
consumption&&growth?
growth?
Hot
“ Allow
birds to eat during the coo
“ Allow birds to eat during the coolest hours : during night and early in the
morning
“ Allow birds totoeat
during feed
the coolest
hours :and
during
night heat
and early
in the morning
to maintain feed co
maintain
consumption
increase
losses.”
to
maintain
feed
consumption
and
increase
heat
losses.”
“ Allow birds to eat during the coolest hours : during night and early in the morning
“ Allow birds to eat during the coolest hours : during night and early in the morning
to maintain feed consumption and increase heat losses.”
to maintain feed consumption and increase heat losses.”
- Use a slowl
- Lighting program
- Use a slowly decreasing light program- Lighting program
- Lighting program
- Use
slowly
decreasing
light
program feeding during the cooler part- of Give
Giveaearly
morning
light to
encourage
the early m
Give
early
morning
light
to
encourage
feeding
during
the
cooler
part
of
the
day
day
- Lighting program
- Use a slowly decreasing light program
- Lighting program
- - Use
a slowly
decreasing
light1.0
program
day
Starting
at
Starting
at
15
weeks,
give
–
1.5
hours
of
light
in
the
middle
of
the
- Give early morning light to encourage feeding during the cooler part of the
- - Give
early at
morning
light give
to encourage
feeding
during
the
cooler
part
of
the
Starting
15
weeks,
1.0
–
1.5
hours
of
light
in
the
middle
of
the
night
night
day
- 5To
night
-- day
To
avoid at
too
sexual
before
they reach
% avoid to
Starting
15early
weeks,
givematurity,
1.0 – 1.5never
hoursstimulate
of light in
the middle
of the
- - Starting
attoo
15 early
weeks,
give 1.0
– 1.5 never
hours stimulate
of light in before
the middle
of
the 5production
To
avoid
sexual
maturity,
they
reach
%
production
night
night
production
- 5At
At 5
% production
:
-- To
avoid
too early sexual
maturity, never stimulate before they reach
% 5 % pro
- - To
avoid
too2 early
sexual
maturity,
never stimulate before they reach 5 % - Add 2
At
5
%
production
:
Add
hours
of
light
in
the
morning
production
production
Add
2 hours
of
in thetill
morning
And
add
1 hour
per week
16 hours light (16 hours light at 50% - And a
- At- 5 %
production
: light
- At 5
production
:
-- %And
add
1
hour
per
week
till
16
hours light (16 hours light at 50%
produ
production)
Add 2 hours of light in the morning
- Add
2 hours of light in the morning
production)
- And add 1 hour per week till 16 hours light (16 hours light at 50%
- And add 1 hour per week till 16 hours light (16 hours light at 50%
production)
production)
-
- Encourage growth
- Encourage growth
Encouragegrowth
growth
--Encourage
ISA
Layer Management
Guide– 2011
For Brown
more information
-
Encourage growth
31
31
31
31
F
(Lighting
program
which could be use
(Lighting program which could be used in hot climates between 20° North latitudes
and
20° South)
(Lighting program which could be used in hot climates between 20° North latitudes and 20° South)
- protein
Food
specifications
- Use a diet
Food
specifications
Usebe
a used
diet inincrumb
form rich
in energy
and
forand
the20°
first
5 weeks
(Lighting
program which-could
hot climates
between
20° North
latitudes
South)
(Lighting
program which
be
used
hot
climates
between
20° North
and
20° South)
and food
presentation
Foodfood
specifications
- could
Use a
diet
inin
crumb
formdiet)
rich
in energy
and latitudes
protein
for
the
first 5 weeks (diet simil
and
presentation
(diet
similar
to
a broiler
- After 5 w
and
presentation
(diet
ause
broiler
diet)
-- After
5
weeks,
aform
diet
in crumb
formand
or one
withfor
a very
good5texture
Foodfood
specifications
Use asimilar
diet
in to
crumb
rich
in energy
protein
the first
weeks
- Food specifications
Use a5
crumb
rich
in 0.5
energy
for athe
firstgood
5 weeks
- - (80%
After
weeks,
aform
diet
in crumb
form
orprotein
one
very
texture (80% of t
ofdiet
theinto
particles
between
andand
3.2
mm)with
and food presentation
(diet similar
ause
broiler
diet)
and food
presentation (diet of
similar
to up
a broiler
diet)
- one
Feeding
(80%
the
particles
between
0.5 by
andgetting
3.2
mm)
Feeding
timetable
the
build
of diet
fine
particles
the
feeders
empty
in the- Avoid the
- - Avoid
After
in
crumb
form
with
atimetable
very
good
texture
After55weeks,
weeks, use
use a
a diet in
crumb
form
ororone
with
a very
good
texture
middle of
Feeding timetable
- middle
Avoid
the
build
up
of
fine
particles
by
getting
the
feeders
empty
in the
of
the
day
(80%
between0.5
0.5and
and3.2
3.2mm)
mm)
(80%ofofthe
theparticles
particles between
Distribute
middle
of
the
day
Distribute
the
food
3
hours
before
lights
out
Feeding
timetable
- - Avoid
particlesby
bygetting
getting
the
feeders
empty
in the
- Feeding
timetable
Avoidthe
thebuild
build up
up of
of fine
fine particles
the
feeders
empty
in the
Stockmanship
Provide co
Distribute
the
food
3
hours
before
lights
out
Stockmanship
- Provide
cool
drinking
water
of
good
bacteriological
quality
middle
of
the
day
middle of the day
Make a go
Stockmanship
Provide
cool
drinking
water
of
good
bacteriological
quality
-- - Make
a
good
job
of
beak
trimming
Distribute
the
food
3
hours
before
lights
out
Distribute the food hours before lights out
- Weigh the
Make
athe
good
job
of beak
trimming
-- - Weigh
birds
regularly
(once
a week
)
- Stockmanship
Provide
cool
drinking
water
of
bacteriological
quality
Stockmanship
Provide
cool
drinking
water
of good
good
bacteriological
quality
-- - Weigh
birds
(once a week )
Makeathe
agood
good
jobregularly
of beak trimming
Make
job
of
trimming
Weigh
the
birds
regularly
(once
- Weigh the birds regularly (onceaaweek
week) )
 - Encourage food consu
 - Encourage food consumption

- Encourage food
- part
Lighting
- Encourage
- Lighting
- consumption
Encourage food consumption in the cooler
of the day :
- Encouragefood
food
consumption
- By giving
- 
Lighting
Encourage
foodearly
consumption
in the cooler part of the day :

-- Encourage
- consumption
By
giving light
in the morning
Lighting
- Encourage food consumption in the cooler part of the day :
-
Lighting
-
Quality of the diet
Quality of the diet
- Quality of the diet
Quality of the diet
-
Feeding timetable
Feeding
timetable
- Feeding
timetable
Feeding timetable
-
Stockmanship
- Stockmanship
Stockmanship
Stockmanship
-----------
light
in the
By giving 1.0-1.5
hours
of morning
light
the
middle
of of
the
night
Encourage
foodearly
consumption
in in
the
cooler
part
the
day(3
: hours after
By giving
- light
giving
light early
in the
ByBygiving
giving
1.0-1.5
hours
ofmorning
light in the middle of the night (3 hours after light out)
out) light
By
early
in the
morning
- light
By giving
1.0-1.5 hours of light in the middle
the nightthe
(3 hours
after - of
Quality
diethours
out)
Use
a diet1.0-1.5
of goodhours
granular
texture
(75-80%
particles
between
0.5
to 3.2 Use a diet
Bylight
giving
of
light
in the
middle
of the of
night
(3
after
out)
Use
a
diet
of
good
granular
texture
(75-80%
particles
between
0.5
to 3.2 mm)
mm)
- light
Use out)
a diet of good granular texture (75-80% particles between 0.5 to 3.2
mm)
Provide
70
%
of
the
calcium
in
granular
form
Use
a diet of good granular texture (75-80% particles between 0.5 to -3.2 Provide 7
mm)
- Use a pro
Provide
70
of
calcium
ingranular
granular
formfeed intake level
Use
a protein
appropriate
to
the actual
- mm)
Provide
70%
%level
of the
the
calcium in
form
Feeding
timetable
- Distribute
Use
a
protein
level
appropriate
to
the
actual
feed
intake
level
Distribute
1/2
of
the
food
5
to
6
hours
before
lights
out
70 % of
theappropriate
calcium into
granular
form
- Provide
Use a protein
level
the actual
feed intake level
- Distribute
1/2
of
food
to6
6
hours
before
lights
2 to
3hours
afterfeed
lights
onoutlevel
- Distribute
Distribute
1/2
of the
the
food 55
before
lights
out
Use
a protein
level
appropriate
to
the actual
intake
- Avoid a b
1/2
food
to
hours
after
lights
Avoid
a built
upof
ofthe
fine
food
particles
by
getting
the
feeders
empty in the
- Distribute
Distribute
1/2
of
the
food
22
after
lights
onon
Distribute
1/2
of
the
food
5 to
to33
6hours
hours
before
lights
out
up
fine
food
particles
bygetting
getting
the
feeders
empty
in the middle of
middle
the
day
- Avoid
Avoidaof
abuilt
built
up
ofthe
fine
food
by
the
feeders
empty
in the
Distribute
1/2
ofof
food
2particles
to 3 hours
after
lights
on
middle
ofthe
the
day
Stockmanship
- Provide co
middle
day
Provide
cool
water
of good
quality
Avoid
aof
built
up
of fine
foodbacteriological
particles by -getting
the feeders empty in the
- Provide
Provide
cool
water
good
bacteriological
quality
- Weigh the
cool
water
of
good
bacteriological
quality
Weigh
the
birds
regularly
middle of the day
- Weigh
Weigh
the
birds
regularly
the
birds
regularly
Provide cool water of good bacteriological quality
Weigh the birds regularly
27
Vaccination techniques
Immunity
Birds possess two primary organs of primary lymphoid activity: the
Birds
possess
primary
of primary
lymphoid
activity:
Situated
in thetwo
neck
region,organs
the thymus
is the
organ, where
thethe
T.
Situated
the to
neck
the thymus
is theItorgan,
where the
T.
immunityindue
cellregion,
mediation
immunity.
is functional
from
immunity
to cell
mediation immunity. It is functional from
secondary due
lymphoid
organ.
secondary lymphoid organ.
thymus and the Bursa of Fabricius.
thymus
and the
Bursa of
Fabricius.
lymphocytes
mature,
and
is responsible for
lymphocytes
andwith
is responsible
for
hatching, andmature,
develops
age into the
hatching, and develops with age into the
The Bursa of Fabricius is the organ, where B type lymphocytes mature, and is responsible for immunity
The
Bursa
of Fabricius
the organ,atwhere
B type
mature,and
andactive
is responsible
for immunity
humoral
system.
This isisfunctional
hatching,
andlymphocytes
remains developed
up to between
4 and
humoral
system.
This
is
functional
at
hatching,
and
remains
developed
and
active
up
to
between
4 and
weeks of age, after which it regresses gradually.
weeks of age, after which it regresses gradually.
via the
via the
10
10
Birds possess numerous secondary lymphoid structures
distributed throughout the whole body:
Birds
distributed throughout the whole body:
32 possess numerous secondary lymphoid structures
------
Peyer's patches on the intestinal mucosa
Peyer'stonsils
patches
the
intestinalmucosa
mucosa
Caecal
onon
the
ileo-caecal
Caecal
tonsils
on
the
ileo-caecal
mucosa
Lymphoid structures throughout the length of the respiratory network
Lymphoid gland
structures
throughout
the of
length
of the
respiratory network
Harderian
situated
at the back
the third
eyelid
Harderian
gland
situated
at
the
back
of
the
third
eyelid
Small inclusions in most organs, including the nerves
Small inclusions in most organs, including the nerves
Spleen
Spleen
All these immune structures are called upon, when vaccines are administered according to different routes:
All theseliquid
immune
are called
upon, when
vaccines of
are
administered
according
different
routes:
putting
into structures
the ocular fluid
(eye drops),
impregnation
the
palatine groove
at theto
time
of swallowing
putting
liquid
into
the
ocular
fluid
(eye
drops),
impregnation
of
the
palatine
groove
at
the
time
of
swallowing
(drinking water), inhalation of droplets (spraying).
(drinking water), inhalation of droplets (spraying).
Individual vaccination
Individual
vaccination
- Ocular-nasal
instillation (Eye drops)
-- Beak
Ocular-nasal
dipping instillation (Eye drops)
Beakpuncture
dipping and scarification
-- Skin
Skin puncture and
and sub-cutaneous
scarification injections
-- Intramuscular
- Intramuscular and sub-cutaneous injections
Mass vaccination
vaccination
-Mass
Through
the drinking water
-- By
Through
the drinking water
spraying
- By spraying

- Ocular-nasal
administration (eye drops)

Ocular-nasal
administration
(eye drops)
Allows a local and a general immunity, due to the presence of the Harderian gland behind the third eyelid
Allows
a local
andthe
a general
immunity,
due tocontact
the presence
of the membranes
Harderian gland behind the third eyelid
- Always
keep
bottle vertical
to avoid
with mucous
-- Generally
Always keep
the
bottle
vertical
to
avoid
contact
with
mucous
membranes
1000 droplets per 30 ml
-- Coloured
Generally ocular
1000 droplets
per 30 itmleasier to see that the vaccine is administrated properly
diluents makes
Coloured ocular
diluents
makes
it easier to see often
that the
vaccine
is same
administrated
properlyof oil vaccines
-- Generally
used for
Infectious
Laryngotracheitis
given
at the
time as injection
- Generally used for Infectious Laryngotracheitis often given at the same time as injection of oil vaccines

- Beak
dipping

Beak
dipping
This implies dipping the beak up to the nostrils in such a way that the vaccine solution gets into the nasal
This
implies dipping the beak up to the nostrils in such a way that the vaccine solution gets into the nasal
canals.
canals.
- Only to be used with chicks of less than 1 week old
-- 150
Only to
to 200
be used
with
chicks
of less than 1 week old
ml per
1000
chicks
150 used
to 200
ml percountries
1000 chicks
-- Still
in many
against Newcastle disease and Gumboro during the first week because of the
- need
Still used
in many100
countries
against and
Newcastle
and Gumboro
during
the first week
because of the
to achieve
% vaccination
reducedisease
the possibility
of adverse
respiratory
reactions
need
to
achieve
100
%
vaccination
and
reduce
the
possibility
of
adverse
respiratory
reactions
- Usually used when vaccination by drinking water is not possible (irregular water consumption before 5
- days
Usually
vaccination
by drinking
water iswould
not possible
(irregular
waterharmful
consumption
before 5
of used
age) when
and when
a vaccination
by spraying
run the risk
of causing
respiratory
days
of
age)
and
when
a
vaccination
by
spraying
would
run
the
risk
of
causing
harmful
respiratory
reactions.
reactions.

-- Skin
puncture and scarification (scratch)

Skin puncture and scarification (scratch)
Only used for the administration of live fowl pox vaccination
Only
used for
administration
live of
fowl
pox vaccination needle is generally preferred to scarification of
Puncturing
thethe
wing
web with theofhelp
a double-channelled
Puncturing
the
wing
web
with
the
help
of
a
double-channelled
needle is generally preferred to scarification of
the skin on the thigh, using a vaccination stylus.
the skin on the thigh, using a vaccination stylus.
28
-
Equipment should be sterile
Needle should be the appropriate length for the age of bird
Change needle frequently (at least every 500 injections). This is a minimum frequency as more regular
changes of the needle assist with the welfare of the birds (blunting needles) and from a disease spreading
perspective – Avian leucosis.
Take the bottles out of the fridge several hours before use to improve fluidity (inactivated oil based
vaccines)
Loose skin on the back of birds’ neck (bacterial vaccines in oil based adjuvant) or breast muscle (especially
Equipment
be sterile
for
oil basedshould
inactivated
vaccines)
Needle should be the appropriate length for the age of bird
Change needle frequently (at least every 500 injections). This is a minimum frequency as more regular
changes of the needle assist with the welfare of the birds (blunting needles) and from a disease spreading
perspective – Avian leucosis.
Take the bottles out of the fridge several hours
before visit
use: www.isapoultry.com
to improve fluidity (inactivated oil based
33
vaccines)
Loose skin on the back of birds’ neck (bacterial vaccines in oil based adjuvant) or breast muscle (especially
for oil based inactivated vaccines)
-

-- Intramuscular
andwater
subcutaneous injections

Through drinking
-
-
Through drinking water
Ideally should only be used in birds of more than one week old (in order to get uniform water
Ideally should only up).
be used in birds of more than one week old (in order to get uniform water
consumption/take
consumption/take up).
-
Take care to regularly de-scale and clean the pipe system using water under pressure in a contra-flow
Take careand
to then
regularly
de-scale
clean
the drinking
pipe system
water underdays.
pressure in a contra-flow
direction
adding
organicand
acids
to the
waterusing
four consecutive
direction and then adding organic acids to the drinking water four consecutive days.
Before vaccination, check if the drinker and nipple are clean and working well. There should be no
Before vaccination,
check
if the
andvaccination.
nipple are clean
and
well. There
should
be no
disinfection
in the lines
as this
willdrinker
inactivate
Ensure
allworking
water sanitising
systems
have
been
disinfection
in the
the water
lines as
will inactivate
turned
off and
in this
the system
is cleanvaccination.
water only. Ensure all water sanitising systems have been
turned off and the water in the system is clean water only.
Allow the birds to become thirsty, 30 min to 1 h 30 min or longer (depending on climate and thirst)
Allow the
birds to the
become
thirsty,
30 min to 1 h 30 min or longer (depending on climate and thirst)
before
distributing
vaccine
solution.
before distributing the vaccine solution.
Completely empty the whole water system. Make sure that all water present is drained out, especially in
the
bottom of
the tank
and in water
the lowest
points
of the
Completely
empty
the whole
system.
Make
surepiping
that system.
all water present is drained out, especially in
the bottom of the tank and in the lowest points of the piping system.
Always have an area available to make up the vaccine in a hygienic way – disposable gloves should also be
available
Always have an area available to make up the vaccine in a hygienic way – disposable gloves should also be
available the quantity of water required, enough to be consumed in about 2 hours. Quantity is about 1/7
Forecast
-
-
Through drinking water
of
the quantity
consumed
the previous
day.
Forecast
the quantity
of water
required,
enough to be consumed in about 2 hours. Quantity is about 1/7
of
the
quantity
consumed
the
previous
day.
Dissolve 2.5 g of skimmed milk powder per litre of water (avoid lumps forming).
-
milk powder
per litre
of water
(avoid
lumps forming).
Dissolve
2.5 ginofa skimmed
Next,
dissolve
small quantity
of commercial
mineral
water
(or distilled
water) the number of doses
corresponding
at
least
to
the
number
of
birds
to
be
vaccinated
according
to
age.
this vaccine
Next, dissolve in a small quantity of commercial mineral water (or distilled their
water)
the Mix
number
of doses
solution
thoroughly
(using
plastic
stirrer)
to the
water prepared
previously.
A age.
colour Mix
marker
corresponding
at least
to athe
number
of birds
tomilky
be vaccinated
according
to their
this may
vaccine
be used to identify the vaccine solution. Keep the vaccine solution cool, and away from direct sun
solution thoroughly (using a plastic stirrer) to the milky water prepared previously. A colour marker may
exposure.
be used to identify the vaccine solution. Keep the vaccine solution cool, and away from direct sun
exposure.
Check
that all the drinkers and nipples are filled with the milky water. In specific case of nipples, open the
water pipe at the other end to flush the air trapped and to ensure that the vaccine solution reach the other
Check that all the drinkers and nipples are filled with the milky water. In specific case of nipples, open the
end.
water pipe at the other end to flush the air trapped and to ensure that the vaccine solution reach the other
Walk
end. slowly through the building and make sure that all the birds are drinking the vaccine solution.
--
Finally,
open through
the stopcock
and return
normal
watering.
Walk slowly
the building
andto
make
sure
that all the birds are drinking the vaccine solution.
--
-
-
-
--
All
the equipment
used for the
of the watering.
vaccine solution should be clean without trace of
Finally,
open the stopcock
andpreparation
return to normal
disinfectant.
- All the equipment used for the preparation of the vaccine solution should be clean without trace of
- Water
quality aspects:
disinfectant.
- Should conform to the standards for human consumption without excess minerals.
- Water
aspects:
- quality
pH should
be slightly acidic for preference
between 5.5 and 6.5.
34
Shouldcity
conform
standards
consumption
without
minerals.
Forhuman
more information
-- Where
water to
or the
equipment
withfor
traces
of chlorine
are being
used,excess
add 2.5
g of skimmed milk
- powder
pH should
be slightlythe
acidic
for preference between 5.5 and 6.5.
to neutralise
chlorine.
- Where city water or equipment with traces of chlorine are being used, add 2.5 g of skimmed milk
To vaccinate correctly a flock, you need to have at least 90 % of the birds to have properly absorbed a full
powder to neutralise the chlorine.
dose of vaccine in its fully live state.
To vaccinate correctly a flock, you need to have at least 90 % of the birds to have properly absorbed a full
29
34
Vaccination by spraying
To
correctly
a flock,
you need
haveheads
at least 90 % of the birds to have properly absorbed a full
- vaccinate
the fogging
succeeds
in wetting
the to
birds'
This method consists of spraying a vaccine solution in such a way that droplets contain a sufficient number of
This
consiststoofcome
spraying
vaccinewith
solution
in such membranes
a way that droplets
contain
a sufficient
number of
livingmethod
virus particles
into acontact
the mucous
of the eye
and/or
the respiratory
living
virus
particles
to multiply
come into
contact
the mucous
eyeand
and/or
respiratory
there.
Thewith
immune
responsemembranes
will at firstof
bethe
local,
thenthe
general.
tract so
that
they can
tract so that they can multiply there. The immune response will at first be local, and then general.
Spraying is, therefore, particularly indicated for vaccination with less virulent viruses, with respiratory
Spraying
is, therefore,
particularly
indicated
for
vaccination
less virulent
viruses,
respiratory
connotations
(e.g. Hitchener
B 1 and
La Sota
strains
againstwith
Newcastle
Disease,
H120with
against
Infectious
connotations
(e.g.
B 1 andSwollen
La SotaHead
strains
against
Newcastle
Disease,
H120
against
Infectious
Bronchitis, and
theHitchener
vaccine against
Syndrome...).
In
any
case,
follow
the
vaccine
manufacturer
Fogging
Atomisation
Examples
of
Bronchitis,
and
the
vaccine
against
Swollen
Head
Syndrome...).
In
any
case,
follow
the
vaccine
manufacturer
instruction.
This method consists of spraying a vaccine solution in such a way that droplets contain a sufficient number of
equipment
instruction.
living
virus particles to come Spravac
into contact with theBirchmeier
mucous membranes of Ulvavac
the eye and/or the respiratory
Atomist
The effectiveness
of spray
vaccination
andimmune
the severity
of post-vaccinal
respiratory
depends mainly
there. The
response
will at first be
local, andreactions
then general.
tract
so that they can
multiply
The
effectiveness
spray vaccination
and the
the eye
severity
ofrespiratory
post-vaccinal
respiratory
reactions depends mainly
on the
size of the of
droplets
in contact with
or the
tract
of the birds.
Primary vaccination
Booster doses on
Primary
vaccination
on
the
size
of
the
droplets
in
contact
with
the
eye
or
the
respiratory
tract
of
the
birds.
Primary
vaccination
Spraying Use
is, therefore, particularly indicated foratvaccination
with
with respiratory
the hatchery
orless virulent
the farm
booster viruses,
doses on
at the
the
atmospheric
conditions,
the quantity of
water
shouldInfectious
be adjusted so
According to (e.g.
the equipment
used
andLa
connotations
Hitchener
B 1hatchery
and
Sota
strains
against
H120
against
on the
farmNewcastle Disease,
(> 15 days)
the
farm
the atmospheric
conditions,
the case,
quantity
of water
shouldmanufacturer
be adjusted so
According
to
thethe
equipment
used and
that :
Bronchitis,
and
vaccine against
Swollen
Head Syndrome...).
In any
follow
the vaccine
that
: spraying of the group or flock lasts between 15 and 20 minutes Mechanical
- the
instruction.
Pressure
3.5 flock
bars lasts between
2 to15
2.5and
bars
Aerial propulsion
- the
spraying
of the
20 minutes propulsion
several
passages
of group
spray or
can be made
-- several
passages
of spray
can bethe
made
the
fogging
invaccination
wetting
birds'
Droplet
sizesucceeds
100 – 150
µ
78 – 80 µ reactions depends
15 – 50mainly
µ
The
effectiveness
of spray
and
the heads
severity
of post-vaccinal
respiratory
-onQuantity
the
fogging
succeeds
in
wetting
the
birds'
of
water
the size of the droplets in contact with the heads
eye or the respiratory tract of the birds.
300 to 600 ml
70 ml / 200 ml
400 to 1200 ml
30 to 60 ml
for 1000 birds
Atomisation
exclusively
to repeat
vaccination
against
Newcastle
disease. of water should be adjusted so
atmospheric
conditions,
the quantity
According
torefers
the equipment
used
and the
Summary
of practical advice :
that
:
- the spraying of the group or flock lasts between 15 and 20 minutes
-- several
passages
of spray
beare
made
Only spray
vaccinate
whencan
birds
in a good health.
the fogging succeeds in wetting the birds' heads
- The equipment should be clean, without
traces
of visit
chlorine
or disinfectant, well maintained, correctly
35
For more
information
Fogging
Atomisation
calibrated and reserved exclusively for vaccination.
Examples of
Fogging
Atomisation
- Prepare
theofvaccine solution immediately before use with water of high biological quality, cool, free from
Examples
equipment
Spravac
Birchmeier
Ulvavac
Atomist
chlorine
or disinfectants, slightly acidic (pH between 5.5 and 6.5), without excessive mineral
content.
equipment
Spravac
Birchmeier
Ulvavac
Atomist
Taking into account the low volumes needed, use for preference distilled water or commercial mineral
Booster doses on
Primary vaccination
Primary vaccination
water.
Primary vaccination Primary vaccination
Booster
Primary
vaccination
or
Use
the doses
farm on
at
the
hatchery
booster
doses
on
Primary
vaccination
- Gather the birds together
quietly
into a very restricted area (so that the minimum quantity of droplets fall
at the
hatchery
Use
at the
hatchery
or
the
farm
booster
doses
on
on
the
farm
(>
15
days)
the
farm
at the hatchery
on the ground)
onFogging
the farm
(> 15 days)
the farm
Atomisation
Examples
Mechanical
The flock should
be calm, with heads
- Switch
off of
the lights, the 3.5
brooders
Pressure
bars and the ventilation.
2 to 2.5 bars
Aerialuppropulsion
Mechanical
propulsion
equipment
Pressure
3.5
bars
2Birchmeier
to 2.5 bars
Aerial
propulsion
- Wear
a mask.
Spravac
Ulvavac
Atomist
propulsion
Droplet size
100 – 150 µ
78 – 80 µ
15 – 50 µ
- Quantity
Spray
the
heads of the birds for 15 to 20 minutes
By the time
Droplet
100 –slowly
150 µ making several
78 –passes.
80 µ
15 the
– 50spraying
µ
ofsize
water
70allmlthe
/ 200
mlshouldPrimary
400
tovaccination
1200 ml
30 to
60 ml
300 todoses
600 ml
Booster
on
Primary
vaccination
is finished
the headsPrimary
of
birds
be
thoroughly
wet.
Quantity
of birds
water
for
1000
70 ml vaccination
/ 200 ml
400
to
1200 ml
30 to doses
60 ml on
300
to farm
600 ml
Use
at
the
hatchery
or
the
booster
-Atomisation
Ventilation
could
be forced
15
to 30 vaccination
minutes after
spray.Newcastle disease.
for
1000 refers
birds
at theto
hatchery
exclusively
repeat
against
on the farmNewcastle disease.
(> 15 days)
the farm
vaccination
Atomisation
exclusively
repeat
of refers
practical
advice : to of
-Summary
To encourage
multiplication
the vaccine
virusagainst
in the bucal (mouth) region, make sure that the water
Summary
:
is free of chlorine and disinfectants.
drunk of
by practical
the birdsadvice
for a few
hours immediately following vaccinationMechanical
Pressure
3.5 bars
2 to 2.5 bars
Aerial propulsion
propulsion
If
necessary,
before
vaccination,
completely
refill
the
water
tank
with
water into which 2.5 g of skimmed
- Only spray vaccinate when birds are in a good health.
Droplet
size
100
– 150 µ the chlorine.
78 – 80 µ
15 – 50 µ
per litre
of
water
hasare
been
to
neutralise
-- milk
Only
spray
vaccinate
when
in amixed
good
health.
The powder
equipment
should
be birds
clean,
without
traces
of chlorine or disinfectant, well maintained, correctly
of
water
- Quantity
Rinse
the
equipment
thoroughly
in
clean
water,
containing
neither
chlorine
nor
disinfectants
The
equipment
should
be
without
traces
of chlorine
or disinfectant,
correctly
calibrated
and reserved
for vaccination.
400
to 1200
ml
30 to 60 ml well maintained,
300 to 600
ml
70exclusively
ml /clean,
200 ml
for
1000 birds
calibrated
and
reserved
exclusively
for vaccination.
-Atomisation
Prepare the
vaccine
solution
immediately
before
use
with
water
of
high
biological
quality,
cool,
free
from
refers exclusively to repeat vaccination against Newcastle disease.
- Prepare
the
vaccine solution
immediately
before
use with
water
of high
biological
quality,mineral
cool, free
from
chlorine
or
disinfectants,
slightly
acidic
(pH
between
5.5
and
6.5),
without
excessive
content.
Summary of practical advice :
chlorine
or disinfectants,
slightly
acidicneeded,
(pH between
and 6.5),distilled
withoutwater
excessive
mineral content.
Taking into
account the low
volumes
use for5.5
preference
or commercial
mineral
Taking
water. into account the low volumes needed, use for preference distilled water or commercial mineral
- Only
spray vaccinate when birds are in a good health.
- water.
Gather the birds together quietly into a very
area (so
ISArestricted
Brown Layer Management
Guidethat
– 2011 the minimum quantity of droplets fall
--36 The
equipment
bequietly
clean, into
without
of chlorine
disinfectant,
wellquantity
maintained,
correctly
Fortraces
more
information
visit
Gather
the birds should
together
a very
restricted
area
(soorthat
the minimum
of droplets
fall
on the ground)
calibrated
and
reserved
exclusively
for
vaccination.
on
the
ground)
- Switch off the lights, the brooders and the ventilation. The flock should be calm, with heads up
of highbe
biological
quality,
-- Prepare
thethe
vaccine
immediately
use with
Switch
lights,solution
the brooders
and thebefore
ventilation.
Thewater
flock should
calm, with
headscool,
up free from
- chlorine
Wear a off
mask.
or disinfectants, slightly acidic (pH between 5.5 and 6.5), without excessive mineral content.
-- Wear
mask.
Sprayathe
of the
birds
15 to 20
minutes
making several
passes.
time the spraying
Taking
intoheads
account
the
low for
volumes
needed,
useslowly
for preference
distilled
waterByorthe
commercial
mineral
- water.
Spray
the
of the
15 should
to 20 minutes
slowly wet.
making several passes. By the time the spraying
is finished heads
the heads
of birds
all thefor
birds
be thoroughly
is
finished the
heads
of all the
be after
thoroughly
wet.
Ventilation
could
be forced
15birds
to into
30should
minutes
spray.
-- Gather
the birds
together
quietly
a very restricted
area (so that the minimum quantity of droplets fall
-- on
Ventilation
could
be forced 15
30vaccine
minutesvirus
afterinspray.
ground)
To the
encourage
multiplication
ofto
the
the bucal (mouth) region, make sure that the water
-- Switch
To
encourage
multiplication
of
the
vaccine
virus
in theThe
bucal
(mouth)
region,
sure
the water
drunk
by
the
birds
for
a
few
hours
immediately
following
vaccination
is be
free
of make
chlorine
andthat
disinfectants.
flock
should
calm,
with heads
up
off the lights, the brooders and the ventilation.
drunk
by the before
birds for
a few hours
immediately
following
vaccination
iswater
free of
chlorine
and gdisinfectants.
If
necessary,
vaccination,
completely
refill
the
water
tank
with
into
which
2.5
of
skimmed
- Wear a mask.
the waterthe
tank
with water into which 2.5 g of skimmed
If
necessary,
before
milk
powder per
litre vaccination,
of water hascompletely
been mixedrefill
to neutralise
chlorine.
- Spray
the heads
of the
birds
15
to 20
minutes
slowly making
several passes. By the time the spraying
milk
powder
per litre
of
waterfor
hasin
been
mixed
tocontaining
neutralise
the chlorine.
- is
Rinse
the equipment
thoroughly
clean
water,
neither
chlorine nor disinfectants
finished
the heads of
all the birds
should
be thoroughly
wet.
- Rinse the equipment thoroughly in clean water, containing neither chlorine nor disinfectants
- Ventilation could be forced 15 to 30 minutes after spray.
30
- To encourage multiplication of the vaccine virus in the bucal (mouth) region, make sure that the water
drunk by the birds for a few hours immediately following vaccination is free of chlorine and disinfectants.
If necessary, before vaccination, completely refill the water tank with water into which 2.5 g of skimmed
milk powder per litre of water has been mixed
to neutralise
theGuide
chlorine.
ISA Brown
Layer Management
– 2011
-
Vaccination by spraying
Feeding Program for ISA Brown in rearing at 20 °C
Dietary suggestions for general guidance :
•
Starter
2.950 kcal (1340 kcal/lb)/kg as crumbs
2.850 kcal (1295 kcal/lb)/kg as mash or crumbs
2.750 kcal (1250 kcal/lb)/kg as mash
2.950
kcalkcal
(1340
kcal/lb)/kg
as crumbs
2.750
(1250
kcal/lb)/kg
as mash
Dietary suggestions for •general
guidance :
Grower
•
Diet
Week
Week
Diet
••
•
•
•
Pullet
Starter
Pre – lay
Grower
Pullet
Pre – lay
Day
Day
2.850 kcal (1295 kcal/lb)/kg as mash or crumbs
Mean
Body
weight
Mean
(1)
Body
weight
(1)
Kcal / day
Kcal / day
Cages
Cages
Floor
Starter – 2.950 Kcal (1340 kcal/lb)/kg
20.5 % crude protein
1 20.5 % crude protein
1–7
8 – 14
1 ––721
15
8 – –14
22
28
2
31
42
15 – 21
22 – 28
3
4
Grower – 2.850 Kcal (1295 kcal/lb)/kg
19 % crude protein
5
65
76
87
98
9
10
19 % crude protein
29 – 35
10
36 ––35
42
29
43 ––42
49
36
50 ––49
56
43
57 ––56
63
50
57
64––63
70
64 – 70
Floor
Ration g/d
Ration g/d
Cages
Cages
Cumul. cons.
Cumul. cons.
Floor
Floor
Cages
Cages
Floor
Floor
From day old to 300 g of Body Weight
65 – 68
110 – 120
65
195– –68210
110
– 305
285– 120
195 – 210
285 – 305
30
49
3073
4993
73
93
30
51
30 75
51 96
75
96
11
17
11 25
17 32
25
32
11
17
11 25
17 33
25
33
77
77
196
196
77 371 77 371
196 595 196 602
371
595
371
602
From 300 g to 850 g of Body Weight
380 – 400
470– –
500
380
400
560– –
590
470
500
650– –
680
560
590
740– –
775
650
680
740
775
830– –
865
830 – 865
106
119
106
132
119
141
132
151
141
151
161
161
Pullet – 2.750 Kcal (1250 kcal/lb)/kg
Pullet – 16
2.750
Kcal (1250
kcal/lb)/kg
% crude
protein
111
125
111
138
125
149
138
160
149
160
170
170
37
42
46
50
54
58
37
42
46
50
54
58
39
44
48
52
56
60
39
44
48
52
56
60
854
875
3031
3150
854 1148 875 1183
114814701183 1519
147018201519 1883
182021981883 2275
219826042275 2695
2604
2695
After 850 g of Body Weight
16 % crude protein
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
14
15
15
16
16
71 – 77
71
78 ––77
84
78 – 84
85 – 91
85 – 91
92 – 98
92 – 98
99
105
99 –– 105
–
106
112
106 – 112
Pre-lay
(1250 kcal/lb)/kg
kcal/lb)/kg
Pre-lay–– 2.750
2.750 Kcal
Kcal (1250
17
protein
17 %
% crude
crude protein
17
17
113––119
119
113
920 – 960
920
1010– –960
1050
1010 – 1050
1095 – 1140
1095 – 1140
1180 – 1230
1180 – 1230
– 1320
1265
– 1320
1265
– 1410
1350
1350 – 1410
169
169
177
177
185
185
192
192
199
199
207
207
179
179
187
187
195
195
203
203
211
211
219
219
61
64
67
70
73
76
61
64
67
70
73
76
65
68
71
74
77
80
65
68
71
74
77
80
303134793150 3626
3479
3626
3948
4123
3948
4123
4438
4641
4438
4641
4949
4949
5180 5180
5481
5481
5740 5740
Transfer
between
16 and
17 weeks
Transfer
between
16 and
17 weeks
1430
215
– 1505 215
1430
– 1505
228228
80 80
83
83
6041 6041 6314 6314
Body weights
weights above
carried
out
in the
rearing
house
in the
We stress
that that
( (11)):: Body
aboverefer
refertotoweighing
weighing
carried
out
in the
rearing
house
in afternoon.
the afternoon.
We stress
during transport,
transport, the
ofof
itsits
body
weight,
depending
on the
without
food and
during
the pullet
pulletcan
canlose
lose55toto10
10%%
body
weight,
depending
on time
the time
without
foodinand in
transport, and
and on
difficult
to to
make
an accurate
estimate
of body
weight
after after
transport,
on the
the temperature.
temperature.ItItisisvery
very
difficult
make
an accurate
estimate
of body
weight
transfer.
transfer.
Note: The ration should be adjusted so as to control body weight.
31
Dietary suggestions for general guidance :
•
•
•
•
Diet
Week
2.950 kcal (1340 kcal/lb)/kg as crumbs
2.850 kcal (1295 kcal/lb)/kg as mash o r crumbs
Starter
Grower
Pullet
Pre – lay
Day
Mean
Bodyweight
(1)
1
2
3
4
5
1–7
8 – 14
15 – 21
22 – 28
29 – 35
36 – 42
43 – 49
50 – 56
57 – 63
64 – 70
65 – 68
110 – 120
195 – 210
285 – 305
380 – 400
71 – 77
78 – 84
85 – 91
92 – 98
99 – 105
106 – 112
470 – 500
560 – 590
650 – 680
740 – 775
830 – 865
113 – 119
Floor
Floor
Floor
30
51
73
92
105
11
17
25
31
36
77
196
371
588
840
118
129
139
148
157
41
45
49
52
55
1127
1442
1785
2149
2534
920 – 960
1010 – 1050
1095 – 1140
1180 – 1230
1265 – 1320
1350 – 1410
Pre-lay – 2.750 Kcal (1250 kcal/lb)/kg
17
Cumul cons.
Pullet – 2.750 Kcal (1250 kcal/lb)/kg
11
12
13
14
15
16
Ration g/d
6
7
8
9
10
Kcal / day
163
171
178
184
191
198
59
62
65
67
69
72
2947
3381
3836
4305
4830
5292
Transfer between 16 and 17 weeks
1430 – 1505
205
75
5817
( 1 ) : Body weights above refer to weighing carried out in the rearing house in the afternoon. We stress that during
transport, the pullet can lose 5 to 10 % of its body weight, depending on the time without food in transport and on the
temperature. It is very difficult to make an accurate estimate of body weight after transfer.
32
Nutritional specifications
Nutritional
specifications for
for growing
growingdiets
diets
Between
Between
18
24°C
°C
18 &&24
Forecast quantity / bird
Metabolisable energy
Crude protein
Crude protein
Methionine
Methionine
Methionine + Cystine
Methionine
+ Cystine
Lysine
Lysine
Threonine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Tryptophan
g
g
Starter
Starter
0
0 - 44 weeks
weeks
1
1 -- 28
28 days
days
600
600
Grower
Grower
44--10
10weeks
weeks
28
28 -70
70days
days
2100
2100
Pullet
Pullet
10
10 -1616weeks
weeks
70
70- -112
112days
days
3000
3000
Pre
- lay
Pre
- lay
112
days
to to
112 days
2%
lay
2 % lay
kcal/kg
kcal/kg
kcal/lb
kcal/lb
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
2950
2950
1340
1340
20.5
20.5
0.52
0.52
0.86
0.86
1.16
1.16
0.78
0.78
0.21
0.21
2850
2850
1295
1295
19
19
0.45
0.45
0.76
00.76
.98
00.98
.66
0.66
0.19
0.19
2750
2750
1250
1250
16
16
0.35
0.35
0.62
0.62
0.74
00.74
.50
0.50
0.16
0.16
2750
2750
1250
1250
17
17
0.36
0.36
0.65
0.65
0.80
0.80
0.54
0.54
0.17
0.17
0.48
0.48
0.78
0.78
1.00
1.00
0.67
0.67
0.18
0.18
0.41
00.41
.66
00.66
.85
00.85
.57
0.57
0.
16
0.16
0.32
0.32
0.5
5
0.55
0.6
4
0.64
0.4
3
0.43
0.1
4
0.14
0.33
0.33
0.57
0.57
0.69
0.69
0.46
0.46
0.15
0.15
1.05 - 1.10
1.05
- 1.10
0.48
0.15
0.48
0.17
0.15
0.17
Starter
0 -Starter
5 weeks
1-5
35weeks
days
0
850days
1 - 35
850
2950
1340
2950
20.5
1340
0.52
20.5
0.86
0.52
1.16
0.86
0.78
1.16
0.22
0.78
0.22
1.0 - 1.20
1.00.42
- 1.20
0.
15
0.42
0.
17
0.15
0.17
Grower
5 - 10
weeks
Grower
35
70weeks
days
5 --10
35 1700
- 70 days
1700
2850
12
95
2850
20
.0
1295
0.
47
20.0
0.
80
0.47
1.
03
0.80
0.69
1.03
0.20
0.69
0.20
1.0 - 1.20
1.0
- 1.20
0.40
0.1
5
0.40
0.1
7
0.15
0.17
Pullet
10 - 16
weeks
Pullet
70
ays
10- -112
16 d
weeks
70 -2800
112 days
2800
2750
125
0
2750
16.
8
1250
0.3
6
16.8
0.6
3
0.36
0.7
8
0.63
0.53
0.78
0.17
0.53
0.17
2.0 - 2.10
2.0
- 2.10
0.45
0.15
0.45
0.17
0.15
0.17
Pre - lay
112Pre
days
to
- lay
2 % days
lay to
112
2 % lay
0.48
0.78
0.48
1.00
0.78
0.67
1.00
0.19
0.67
0.19
0.43
0.69
0.43
0.89
0.69
0.61
0.89
0.17
0.61
0.17
0.33
0.57
0.33
0.67
0.57
0.45
0.67
0.15
0.45
0.15
0.35
0.60
0.35
0.72
0.60
0.48
0.72
0.16
0.48
0.16
Units
Units
Digestible amino acids (1)
Digestible amino acids (1)%
Dig. Methionine
Dig.
%
Dig.Methionine
Meth. + Cystine
%
Dig.
%
Dig.Meth.
Lysine+ Cystine
%
Dig.
%
Dig.Lysine
Threonine
%
Dig.
Threonine.
%
Dig. Tryptophan
%
Dig. Tryptophan
%
Major minerals
Major minerals
Calcium
%
Calcium
%
Available Phosphorus
%
Chlorine m
inimum
%
Available
Phosphorus
%
Sodium mi
nimum
%
Chlorine
minimum
%
Sodium minimum
%
Above 24 ° C
Above 24 ° C
Units
Units
g
g
kcal/kg
kcal/lb
kcal/kg
Crude protein
%
kcal/lb
M
e
t
h
i
o
nine
%
Crude protein
%
%
Methionine
%
Lysine
%
Methionine
+ Cystine
%
Threonine
%
Lysine
%
Tryptophan
%
Threonine
%
Tryptophan
%
Dig. Methionine
%
Dig. Meth. + Cystine
%
Dig.
%
Dig.Methionine
Lysine
%
Dig.
+ Cystine
%
Dig.Meth.
Threonine
%
Dig.
%
Dig.Lysine
Tryptophan
%
Dig. Threonine.
%
Dig. Tryptophan
%
Major minerals
2750
1250
2750
17.5
1250
0.38
17.5
0.68
0.38
0.87
0.68
0.56
0.87
0.18
0.56
0.18
Calcium
%
1.05 - 1.10
1.0 - 1.20
1.0 - 1.20
2.0 - 2.10
Major
minerals
Available
Phosphorus
%
0.48
0.44
0.40
0.47
Calcium
%
1.05
- 1.10
1.00.16
- 1.20
1.0
- 1.20
2.0
- 2.10
Chlorine minimum
%
0.15
0.16
0.16
Available
Phosphorus
%
0.48
0.40
0.47
Sodium minimum
%
0.16
00.44
.17
0.17
0.17
Chlorine minimum
%
0.15
0.16
0.16
0.16
Sodium
minimum
%
0.16
0.17
0.17
( 1 ) : These recommendations are based on the digestibility tables of RHONE POULENC ANIMAL NUTRITION0.17
(nutrition
guide – Ed. 1993).
33
39
Daily
requirementsin
inlay
lay
Daily nutrient
nutrient requirements
Requi
rements
Requi
rements
NUTRIENTS
NUTRIENTS
RAW
MATERIALS
IN IN
RAW
MATERIALS
Unit
Unit
Daily
Daily in
in mg
mgper
perday
day
NRC
RPAN (93)
(93)
NRC(94)
(94)
Crude
Protein
Crude
Protein
Crude
Lysine
Crude
Lysine
Crude
Methionine
Crude Methionine
Crude
Methionine+ +Cystine
Cystine
Crude
Methionine
Crude Tryptophan
Crude Tryptophan
Crude Isoleucine
Crude Isoleucine
Crude Threonine
Crude
Threonine
Crude Valine
Crude
Valine
Crude
Arginine
Crude Arginine
DIGESTIBLE AMINO ACIDS (1)
DIGESTIBLE AMINO ACIDS (1)
Digestible Lysine
Digestible
Lysine
Digestible
Methionine
Digestible
Methionine
Digestible
Digestible
Methionine
+ Cystine
Digestible
Tryptophan
Digestible
Tryptophan
Digestible
Isoleucine
Digestible
Isoleucine
Digestible
Threonine
Digestible
Valine
Diges
tible Threonine
Digestible
Arginine
Digestible
Valine
Digestible Arginine
g/d
g/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
(19.5)
(19.5)
900
900
455
455
770
770
200
200
820
820
655
655
900
900
1160
1160
(1
(19.5)
9.5)
900
900
455
455
770
770
208
208
775
775
655
655
840
840
1130
1130
15,2
55
15,2
7,7,
66
1313
,0,0
3,35
3,35
13,9
13,9
11,0
11,0
15,0
15,0
19,5
19,5
15,25
15,25
7,67,6
13,0
13,0
3,5
3,5
13,0
13,0
11,0
11,0
14,2
14,2
18,9
18,9
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
mg/d
810
810
430
430
690
690
171
171
740
740
565
8
00
565
10
50
800
1050
810
810
430
430
690
690
180
180
690
690
565
760
565
102
0
760
1020
13,50
13,
7,
2 50
7,
11,452
11,
2,8
545
122,8
,3 5
12,3
9,4
13,4
9,4
17,5
13,4
17,5
13,50
13,50
7,2
7,2
11,45
11,45
3,00
3,00
11,5
11,5
9,4
12,6
9,4
17,0
12,6
17,0
Added vitamins and minerals
Added vitamins and minerals
Added trace elements
REARING PERIOD
0 – 10 weeks
10 – 2 % LAY
REARING PERIOD
InInmg
per
g of
egg
mg
per
g of
egg
RPAN
(93)
NRC
(94)
RPAN
(93)
NRC
(94)
LAYING PERIOD
LAYING PERIOD
Manganese
n)
PPM
60
Added
trace(Melements
0 – 1060
weeks
10 – 620% LAY
Zinc (Zn)
PPM
60
60
60
Manganese (Mn)
PPM
60
60
60
Iron (Fe)
PPM
60
60
60
Zinc (Zn)
PPM
60
60
60
Iodine (I)
PPM
1
1
1
Iron
(Fe)
PPM
60
6
0
Copper (Cu)
PPM
5
6
6 60
Iodine
(I)
PPM
1
1
Selenium (Se)
PPM
0.2
0.2
0.2 1
Copper
(Cu)
PPM
5
6
Cobalt (Co)
PPM
0.5
0.5
0.2 6
Selenium (Se)
PPM
0.2
0.2
0.2
Added
per kg of dietPiP
nM
IU or mg
Cobalt
(Covitamins
)
0.5
0.5
0.2
Vitamin
A
13.000
10.000
12.000
Added
vitamins
per kg of diet in IU
IU or mg
Vitamin D3
IU
3.000
2.000
3.000
Vitamin
AE
IU
13.000
10.000
12.000
Vitamin
mg
25
25
2
5
Vitamin
D3K3
IU
3.000
2.000
Vitamin
mg
2
2
23.000
Vitamin
E B1 (Thianine)
mg
225
Vitamin
mg
225
2 25
Vitamin
mg
5
52
5 2
Vitamin
K3B2 (Riboflavin)
mg
2
Vitamin
(Pyridoxine)
mg
5
52
5 2
Vitamin
B1B6
(Thianine)
mg
2
Vitamin
B12
mg
0.02
0.02
0.02
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
mg
5
5
5
Nicotinic
(Niacin)
mg
60
305
40 5
Vitamin
B6 Acid
(Pyridoxine)
mg
5
Calcium
Pantothenate
mg
15
10
100.02
Vitamin
B12
mg
0.02
0.02
Folic
mg
0.75
0.75
0.7540
Nicot
inicAcid
Acid (Niacin)
mg
60
30
Biotin Pantothenate
mg
0.
0.10
2
0.210
Calcium
mg
152
Choline
mg
60
0
6
0
0
6
00.75
0
Folic Acid
mg
0.75
0.75
Biotin ( 1 ) : These recommendations
mg have been derived
0.2 from tables of the composition
0.2
.2
of raw materials0RPAN
Choline (1993) and NRC (1994).mg
60
0
6
0
0
6
0
0
The recommendations on digestible amino acids are based on the digestibility
presented in tables
in RPAN
(1993).from tables of the composition of raw materials RPAN
( 1 )coefficients
: These recommendations
have
been derived
amino acids are based on the digestibility
coefficients presented in tables in RPAN (1993).
Note(1993)
: A minimum
of fibre
or ligninThe
is required
to prevent feather
pecking
and NRC
(1994).
recommendations
on digestible
Note: A minimum of fibre or lignin is required to prevent feather pecking
34
coefficients presented in tables in RPAN (1993).
Note: A minimum of fibre or lignin is required to prevent feather pecking
Nutritionalrecommendations
recommendations for
Nutritional
forthe
thelaying
layingperiod
period
(( 11 ))
Recommended energy :
Recommended
energy
2800-2880 kcal
/ kg :
2 800-2880
kcal
/
kg
1275-1310 kcal /lb
1275-1310 kcal /lb
Average food intake in g / day
Average food intake in g / day
Crude Protein
Crude
acids % :
Crudeamino
Protein
Lysine
Crude amino
acids % :
Methionine
Lysine
Methionine
+ Cystine
Methionine
Tryptophan
*
Methionine
+ Cystine
Threonine
Tryptophan *
Isoleucine *
Threonine
Valine *
Isoleucine
Arginine* *
Valine *
Arginine
* acids % :
Digestible
amino
Lysine
Digestible amino
acids % :
Methionine
Lysine + Cystine
Methionine
Tryptophan *
Methionine
Threonine
Methionine
+ Cystine
Isoleucine
Tryptophan **
Valine *
Threonine
Arginine* *
Isoleucine
Valine *
FROM 2 % LAY TO 28 WEEKS OLD
FROM 2 % LAY TO 28 WEEKS OLD
95
100
95
100
(20.5)
(19.5)
(20.5)
0.95
0.48
0.95
0.81
0.48
0.210
/ 0.219
0.81
0
.69
0.210 / 0.219
0.86 / 0.82
0.69
0.95 / 0.88
0.86
0.82
1.22// 1.19
0.95 / 0.88
1.22 / 1.19
105
105
(18.6)
110
115
110
(17.7)
115
(17.0)
(19.5)
(18.6)
(17.7)
(17.0)
0.90 / 0.84
1.16/ 1.13
0.86 / 0.80
1.10 / 1.08
0.82 / 0.76
1.05 / 1.03
0.78 / 0.73
1.03 / 1.00
0.90
0.86
0.82
0.78
0.46
0
.43
0.4
1
0.400.78
0.90
0.86
0.82
0.77
00.43
.73
0.70.41
0
0.670.40
0.46
0.200
/ 0.208
0.1900.73
/ 0.198
0.182 /0.70
0.189
0.174 / 0.
181
0.77
0.67
0.66
0
.62
0.6
0
0.57
0.200 / 0.208 0.190 / 0.198 0.182 / 0.189 0.174 / 0.181
0.82 / 0.78
0.78 / 0.74
0.75 / 0.70
0.71 / 0.67
0.66
0.62
0.60
0.57
0.90 / 0.84
0.86 / 0.80
0.82 / 0.76
0.78 / 0.73
0.82
/
0.78
0.78
/
0.74
0.75
/
0.70
0.71
/ 0.67
1.16/ 1.13
1.10 / 1.08
1.05 / 1.03
1.03 / 1.00
0.85
0.81
0.77
0.74
0.70
0.45
0.43
0.41
0.39
0.37
0.85
0.81
0.73
0.69
00.77
.66
0.60.74
3
0.600.70
0.180
/ 0.189
0.171/
0.180
0.1630.41
/ 0.171
0.155 /0.39
0.164
0.149 / 00.37
.156
0.45
0.43
0.59
0.56
00.66
.54
0.50.63
1
0.490.60
0.73
0.69
0.78 // 0.73
0.74/ 0.69
0.70 / 0.66
/ 0.63
/ 0.60
/ 0.171 0.67
0.155
/ 0.164 0.64
0.180
0.189 0.171/
0.180 0.163
0.149
/ 0.156
0.84
/
0.80
0.80
/
0.76
0.76
/
0.72
0.73
/
0.69
0.70
/
0.
66
0.59
0.56
0.54
0.51
0.49
1.11// 1.07
1.05 / 1.02
1.00
/ 0.93
/ 0.89
0.78
0.73
0.74/
0.69
0.70/ 0.97
/ 0.66 0.95
0.67
/ 0.63 0.91
0.64
/ 0.60
0.84 / 0.80
0.80 / 0.76
0.76 / 0.72
0.73 / 0.69
0.70 / 0.66
From 2% lay up to 28 weeks, one should base it on a level of consumption, which is 7 g lower than the intake observed
Arginine *
1.11 / 1.07
1.05 / 1.02
1.00 / 0.97
0.95 / 0.93
0.91 / 0.89
after 28 weeks.
From 2% lay
up 2850
to 28
weeks,
which
7 LAY
g lower than the intake
2750kcal
/ kg one should base it on a level
FROMof28consumption,
WEEKS TO THE
ENDisOF
observed after
28
weeks.
1250-1295 kcal /lb
2 750- 2850
kcal / kg
Average
food intake
in g / day
1250-1295 kcal /lb
Crude
Protein
Average food
intake
in g / day
FROM
TO THE END 120
OF LAY
110 28 WEEKS
115
105
(18.6)
105
(17.7)
110
(17115
.0)
(16.3)
120
125
(15.6)125
Crude amino acids % :
Lysine
Methionine
Crude Protein
Methionine
+ Cystine
Crude
amino acids
%:
Tryptophan
*
Lysine
Threonine
Methionine
Isoleucine *
Valine *
Tryptophan
Arginine **
0.86
0.43
(18.6)
0.73
0.190
/ 0.198
0.86
0.62
0.43
0.78 / 0.74
0.73
0.86 / 0.80
0.190 / 0.198
1.10 / 1.08
0.82
0.41
(17.7)
0.70
0.182
/ 0.189
0.82
0.60
0.41
0.75 / 0.70
0.70
0.82 / 0.76
0.182 / 0.189
1.05 / 1.03
0.78
0.75
0.72
0.40
0.38
0.36
(17.0)
(16.3)
(15.6)
0.67
0.64
0.62
0.1740.78
/ 0.181
0.167 /0.75
0.173
0.160 / 0.166
0.72
0.57
0.55
0.52
0.40
0.38
0.36
0.71 / 0.67
0.68 / 0.65
0.66 / 0.62
0.67
0.64
0.62
0.78 / 0.73
0.75 / 0.70
0.72 / 0.67
0.174 / 0.181 0.167 / 0.173 0.160 / 0.166
1.03 / 1.00
0.97 / 0.94
0.93 / 0.90
Isoleucine
Digestible
amino* acids % :
Valine
*
Lysine
Arginine
*
Methionine
* %:
DigestibleTryptophan
amino acids
Threonine
Lysine
Isoleucine *
Methionine
Valine
*
Methionine
+ Cystine
Arginine **
Tryptophan
0.66
0.163 / 0.171
0.54
0.77
0.70
/ 0.66
0.41
0.76
/ 0.72
0.66
1.00 // 0.97
0.163
0.171
0.63
0.155 / 0.164
0.51
0.74
0.67
/ 0.63
0.39
0.73
/ 0.69
0.63
0.95 / /0.93
0.155
0.164
0.60
0.58
0.55
0.149 / 0.156
0.142 / 0.150
0.137 / 0.144
0.49
0.47
0.450.65
0.70
0.67
0.640.37
/ 0.60
0.62 /0.36
0.58
0.59 / 0.55
0.34
0.700.60
/ 0.66
0.67 /0.58
0.63
0.64 / 0.61
0.55
0.91 / 0.89
/ 0.85
/ 0.82
0.142
/ 0.150 0.84
0.137
/ 0.144
0.149
/ 0.156 0.88
0.54
0.51
Threonine
Threonine
0.62
0.78 / 0.74
0.860.77
/ 0.80
1.100.41
/ 1.08
0.60
0.75 / 0.70
0.82
/ 0.76
0.74
1.05
/ 1.03
0.39
0.57
0.71 / 0.67
0.78
0.70/ 0.73
1.03
0.37/ 1.00
0.55
0.68 / 0.65
0.75
0.67 / 0.70
0.97
0.36 / 0.94
0.52
0.66 / 0.62
0.72
0.65 / 0.67
0.93
0.34 / 0.90
0.49
0.47
0.45
(*) These recommendations are based on the tables in RPAN (Nutrition guide 1993) and NRC. When the values differ,
Isoleucine
* in Italics.
0.70 / 0.66
0.67 / 0.63
0.64 / 0.60
0.62 / 0.58
0.59 / 0.55
those of NRC
are printed
36
41
35
(*) These recommendations are based on the tables in RPAN (Nutrition guide 1993) and NRC. When the values
differ, those of NRC are printed in Italics.
Nutritional recommendations for the laying period
(2)
PERIOD
PERIOD OF
OF USE
USE
Available
Phosphorus
Calcium
Calcium
Sodium
Sodium minimum
minimum
Chlorin
e minimum
maximum
Chlorine
minimum/ /
maximum
Linoleic
Linoleic acid
acid
FROM
FROM
17
17 TO
TO 28
28
WEEKS
WEEKS
FROM
FROM
28
28 TO
TO 50
50
WEEKS
WEEKS
AFTER
AFTER
50
50
WEEKS
WEEKS
gg // dd
gg // dd
m
mgg // dd
mg // dd
mg
0.44
0.44
3.9
3.9 –– 4.1
4.1
180
180
170 // 260
170
260
0.42
0.42
4.1
4.1 –– 4.3
4.3
180
180
170 // 260
170
260
0.38
0.38
4.3
4.3 –– 4.6
4.6
180
180
170 // 230
170
230
gg // dd
1.6 min
1.6
min
1.4 min
1.4
min
11 min
min––1.25
1.25max
max
FROM
FROM 2
2%
% LAY
LAY TO
TO 28
28 WEEKS
WEEKS
Average foo
d intake
ay
Average
food
intake recorded
recorded g
g // d
day
Available
Phosphorus
Calcium
Calcium
Sodium minimum
Sodium
minimum
Chlorine mini
mum / /
maximum
Chlorine
minimum
maximum
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
Linoleic acid minimum
%
%
9
5
95
100
100
10
5
105
110
110
115
115
0.46
0.46
4.1
4.1 –– 4.3
4.3
0.19
0.19
0.18
– 0.–26
0.18
0.26
1.70
1.70
0.44
0.44
3.9
3.9 –– 4.1
4.1
0.18
0.18
0.17
– 0.26
0.17
–
0.26
1.60
1.60
0.42
0.42
3.7
3.7 –– 3.9
3.9
0.17
0.17
0.10.16
6 – 0.25
–
0.25
1.50
1.50
0.40
0.40
3.5
3.5 –– 3.7
3.7
0.17
0.17
0.15
– 0.24
0.15
–
0.24
1.40
1.40
0.38
0.38
3.4
3.4 –– 3.6
3.6
0.17
0.17
0.14
– 0.23
0.14
–
0.23
1.30
1.30
115
115
120
120
125
125
FROM 28 WEEKS TO 50 WEEKS
FROM 28 WEEKS TO 50 WEEKS
Average food intake recorded g / day
Calcium Phosphorus
Available
Sodium minimum
Calcium
Chlorine minimum
minimum / maximum
Sodium
Chlorine minimum / maximum
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
105
105
0.40
3.9
– 4.1
0.40
3.90.17
– 4.1
0.16
– 0.25
0.17
0.16 –
1.35
0.25
110
110
0.38
3.7
– 3.9
0.38
3.70.17
– 3.9
0.15
– 0.24
0.17
0.15 –
1.30
0.24
0.37
3.6
– 3.8
0.37
3.60.17
– 3.8
0.15
– 0.23
0.17
0.15 –
1.25
0.23
0.35
3.4
– 3.6
0.35
3.40.17
– 3.6
0.14
– 0.22
0.17
0.14 –
1.15
0.22
0.34
3.3
– 3.5
0.34
3.30.17
– 3.5
0.14
– 0.21
0.17
0.14 –
1.10
0.21
%
1.35
1.30
FROM 50 WEEKS TO THE END OF LAY
1.25
1.15
1.10
105TO THE END
110OF LAY
FROM 50 WEEKS
115
120
125
Average
food intake recorded g / day%
0.36
0.34
0.33
0.32
0.30
105
110
115
120
125
4.1 – 4.3
3.9 – 4.1
3.8 – 4.0
3.6 – 3.8
3.5 – 3.7
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.36
0.34
0.33
0.32
0.30
04.1
.16 –– 0.22
0.15
–
0
.21
0.15
–
0.2
0
0.14
–
0
.19
0.14
4.3
3.9 – 4.1
3.8 – 4.0
3.6 – 3.8
3.5 –– 0.18
3.7
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
1.20
1.15
1.10
1.05
1.00
0.16 –
0.15 –
0.15 –
0.14 –
0.14 –
0.22
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.18
Note: To avoid egg size becoming too large at the end of lay, we advise reducing the quantity of vegetable oil being used.
A minimum
of fibre or lignin is required
feather pecking.
Linoleic
acid maximum
% to prevent 1.20
1.15
1.10
1.05
1.00
Calcium
Sodium mini
mum
Available
Phosphorus
Chlorine
mini
mum / maximum
Calcium
Sodium minimum
Linoleic acid maximum
Chlorine minimum / maximum
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
Note: To avoid egg size becoming too large at the end of lay, we advise reducing the quantity of vegetable oil
being used.
A minimum of fibre or lignin is required to prevent feather pecking.
42
36
ISA Brown Production Table
Age in
Weeks
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
% Hen
Day
Production
%
Mortality
Cumulative
Cumulative
Eggs /
Hen
Housed
2.0
17.2
40.0
65.0
84.0
91.0
93.0
94.0
95.0
95.0
95.0
94.7
94.5
94.3
94.1
93.9
93.6
93.3
93.0
92.7
92.5
92.2
91.9
91.6
91.3
91.0
90.7
90.4
90.0
89.6
89.2
88.8
88.3
87.8
87.3
86.8
86.3
85.8
85.3
84.8
84.3
83.8
83.3
82.7
82.1
81.6
81.0
80.5
79.7
78.9
78.2
77.4
76.6
75.8
75.0
74.3
73.5
72.7
71.9
71.1
70.4
69.6
68.4
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.7
6.8
0
1
4
9
15
21
27
34
41
47
54
60
67
73
80
86
93
99
106
112
118
125
131
137
144
150
156
162
168
174
180
186
192
198
204
210
216
222
227
233
239
244
250
256
261
266
272
277
283
288
293
298
303
308
313
318
323
328
332
337
342
346
351
Average Egg Weight
g/
egg
Oz./Doz.
43.0
45.5
49.0
52.0
54.5
56.4
57.7
58.8
59.6
60.2
60.7
61.1
61.5
61.9
62.2
62.4
62.6
62.8
63.0
63.2
63.3
63.4
63.5
63.6
63.7
63.7
63.8
63.9
64.0
64.1
64.2
64.2
64.3
64.4
64.5
64.6
64.7
64.7
64.8
64.8
64.9
64.9
65.0
65.0
65.1
65.1
65.1
65.2
65.2
65.3
65.3
65.4
65.4
65.5
65.5
65.6
65.6
65.6
65.6
65.7
65.7
65.8
65.8
18.2
19.3
20.7
22.0
23.1
23.9
24.4
24.9
25.2
25.5
25.7
25.9
26.0
26.2
26.3
26.4
26.5
26.6
26.7
26.8
26.8
26.8
26.9
26.9
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.0
27.1
27.1
27.2
27.2
27.2
27.3
27.3
27.3
27.4
27.4
27.4
27.4
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.5
27.6
27.6
27.6
27.6
27.6
27.6
27.6
27.7
27.7
27.7
27.7
27.8
27.8
27.8
27.8
27.8
27.8
27.9
27.9
Lbs.
/
case
34.1
36.1
38.9
41.3
43.3
44.8
45.8
46.7
47.3
47.8
48.2
48.5
48.8
49.1
49.4
49.5
49.7
49.8
50.0
50.2
50.2
50.3
50.4
50.5
50.6
50.6
50.6
50.7
50.8
50.9
51.0
51.0
51.0
51.1
51.2
51.3
51.3
51.3
51.4
51.4
51.5
51.5
51.6
51.6
51.7
51.7
51.7
51.7
51.7
51.8
51.8
51.9
51.9
52.0
52.0
52.1
52.1
52.1
52.1
52.1
52.1
52.2
52.2
Daily
Egg
Mass
Cumulative
Egg Mass /
Hen Housed
Feed Intake
Body Weight
grams
kg
lb.
bird/day
(g)
100/day
(lbs)
grams
Lbs
0.9
7.8
19.6
33.8
45.8
51.3
53.7
55.3
56.6
57.2
57.7
57.9
58.1
58.4
58.5
58.6
58.6
58.6
58.6
58.6
58.6
58.5
58.4
58.3
58.2
58.0
57.9
57.8
57.6
57.4
57.3
57.0
56.8
56.5
56.3
56.1
55.8
55.5
55.3
55.0
54.7
54.4
54.1
53.8
53.4
53.1
52.7
52.5
52.0
51.5
51.1
50.6
50.1
49.6
49.1
48.7
48.2
47.7
47.2
46.7
46.3
45.8
45.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.8
1.1
1.5
1.9
2.3
2.7
3.1
3.5
3.9
4.3
4.7
5.1
5.5
5.9
6.3
6.7
7.1
7.5
7.9
8.3
8.7
9.1
9.5
9.9
10.3
10.7
11.1
11.4
11.8
12.2
12.6
13.0
13.3
13.7
14.1
14.5
14.8
15.2
15.6
15.9
16.3
16.6
17.0
17.3
17.7
18.0
18.3
18.7
19.0
19.3
19.7
20.0
20.3
20.6
20.9
21.2
21.5
21.8
22.1
0.0
0.1
0.4
1.0
1.7
2.4
3.3
4.1
5.0
5.9
6.7
7.6
8.5
9.4
10.3
11.2
12.1
13.0
13.9
14.8
15.6
16.5
17.4
18.3
19.2
20.0
20.9
21.8
22.6
23.5
24.4
25.2
26.1
26.9
27.8
28.6
29.4
30.2
31.1
31.9
32.7
33.5
34.3
35.1
35.9
36.6
37.4
38.2
39.0
39.7
40.5
41.2
41.9
42.6
43.4
44.1
44.8
45.5
46.1
46.8
47.5
48.1
48.8
81
85
95
105
109
111
112
113
114
114
114
114
114
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
113
112
112
112
112
112
112
112
112
112
112
112
112
112
112
112
112
112
112
112
112
111
111
111
111
111
111
111
111
111
111
111
17.9
18.7
20.9
23.1
24.0
24.5
24.7
24.9
25.1
25.1
25.1
25.1
25.1
24.9
24.9
24.9
24.9
24.9
24.9
24.9
24.9
24.9
24.9
24.9
24.9
24.9
24.9
24.9
24.9
24.9
24.9
24.9
24.7
24.7
24.7
24.7
24.7
24.7
24.7
24.7
24.7
24.7
24.7
24.7
24.7
24.7
24.7
24.7
24.7
24.7
24.7
24.7
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
1500
1580
1640
1705
1755
1790
1805
1818
1830
1840
1850
1860
1870
1878
1883
1888
1893
1898
1903
1908
1913
1918
1925
1930
1935
1935
1940
1945
1945
1950
1950
1950
1955
1955
1960
1960
1960
1965
1965
1965
1965
1970
1970
1970
1975
1975
1975
1975
1980
1980
1980
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1990
1990
1995
1995
1995
2000
2000
3.31
3.48
3.62
3.76
3.87
3.95
3.98
4.01
4.03
4.06
4.08
4.10
4.12
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
4.18
4.20
4.21
4.22
4.23
4.24
4.25
4.27
4.27
4.28
4.29
4.29
4.30
4.30
4.30
4.31
4.31
4.32
4.32
4.32
4.33
4.33
4.33
4.33
4.34
4.34
4.34
4.35
4.35
4.35
4.35
4.37
4.37
4.37
4.38
4.38
4.38
4.38
4.38
4.39
4.39
4.40
4.40
4.40
4.41
4.41
37
ISA Brown Egg Weight Distribution (%) – Canadian System
Age
in
weeks
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Av.
egg
weight,
g
43.0
45.5
49.0
52.0
54.5
56.4
57.7
58.8
59.6
60.2
60.7
61.1
61.5
61.9
62.2
62.4
62.6
62.8
63.0
63.2
63.3
63.4
63.5
63.6
63.7
63.7
63.8
63.9
64.0
64.1
64.2
64.2
64.3
64.4
64.5
64.6
64.7
64.7
64.8
64.8
64.9
64.9
65.0
65.0
65.1
65.1
65.1
65.2
65.2
65.3
65.3
65.4
65.4
65.5
65.5
65.6
65.6
65.6
65.6
65.7
65.7
65.8
65.8
Jumbo
over
70 g
0.1
0.4
0.9
1.5
2.1
2.8
3.4
4.2
5.1
5.8
6.4
7.0
7.6
8.2
8.9
9.3
9.7
10.0
10.4
10.8
10.8
11.2
11.6
12.1
12.5
12.9
12.9
13.4
13.9
14.3
14.8
15.3
15.3
15.8
15.8
16.3
16.3
16.8
16.8
17.3
17.3
17.3
17.9
17.9
18.4
18.4
19.0
19.0
19.5
19.5
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.7
20.7
21.2
21.2
Extra
Large
64-70
g
0.2
1.4
4.5
8.2
12.6
16.3
19.4
22.1
24.2
26.4
28.5
30.0
31.0
32.0
33.0
33.9
34.8
35.2
35.6
36.0
36.4
36.8
36.8
37.2
37.6
37.9
38.3
38.6
38.6
38.9
39.2
39.5
39.8
40.1
40.1
40.3
40.3
40.6
40.6
40.8
40.8
41.0
41.0
41.0
41.2
41.2
41.4
41.4
41.6
41.6
41.7
41.7
41.9
41.9
41.9
41.9
42.0
42.0
42.1
42.1
W eekly
Large
5664 g
Medium
49-56
g
Small
4249 g
Peewee
under
42 g
0.2
3.7
16.6
35.1
48.9
55.8
59.0
59.7
59.3
58.5
57.5
56.3
54.8
53.5
52.6
51.6
50.6
49.6
48.6
48.0
47.5
46.9
46.4
45.8
45.8
45.2
44.7
44.1
43.5
42.9
42.9
42.3
41.8
41.2
40.6
40.0
40.0
39.4
39.4
38.8
38.8
38.2
38.2
37.6
37.6
37.6
37.0
37.0
36.4
36.4
35.8
35.8
35.2
35.2
34.7
34.7
34.7
34.7
34.1
34.1
33.5
33.5
4.0
16.6
46.3
59.6
53.1
41.4
32.7
25.7
21.2
18.2
15.9
14.2
12.6
11.2
10.2
9.6
9.0
8.5
8.0
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.8
6.6
6.3
6.3
6.1
5.9
5.7
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.2
5.0
4.8
4.7
4.5
4.5
4.4
4.4
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.1
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.1
57.4
66.4
46.3
22.7
10.1
5.0
2.9
1.8
1.3
1.0
0.8
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
38.6
16.8
3.7
0.8
0.2
0.1
Jumbo
over
70 g
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.2
1.5
1.8
2.2
2.5
2.8
3.1
3.4
3.7
4.0
4.3
4.6
4.9
5.1
5.3
5.6
5.8
6.0
6.3
6.5
6.7
6.9
7.1
7.3
7.5
7.7
7.9
8.1
8.3
8.5
8.7
8.9
9.0
9.2
9.4
9.5
9.7
9.9
10.0
10.2
10.3
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.9
11.0
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.7
11.8
Extra
Large
6470 g
0.1
0.6
1.8
3.3
5.1
6.9
8.7
10.3
11.8
13.3
14.6
15.9
17.0
18.1
19.0
19.9
20.8
21.6
22.3
22.9
23.5
24.1
24.7
25.2
25.6
26.1
26.5
26.9
27.3
27.6
28.0
28.3
28.6
29.0
29.2
29.5
29.8
30.0
30.3
30.5
30.7
31.0
31.2
31.4
31.6
31.7
31.9
32.1
32.2
32.4
32.6
32.7
32.8
33.0
33.1
33.2
33.3
33.5
33.6
33.7
C u m u lativ e
Large
5664 g
Medium
49-56
g
Small
4249 g
Peewee
under
42 g
0.0
0.2
2.6
9.9
20.1
28.8
35.2
39.8
43.0
45.3
46.9
48.1
48.9
49.4
49.7
50.0
50.1
50.1
50.1
50.0
49.9
49.8
49.6
49.5
49.3
49.2
49.0
48.9
48.7
48.5
48.3
48.1
48.0
47.8
47.6
47.4
47.2
47.0
46.8
46.6
46.4
46.3
46.1
45.9
45.7
45.6
45.4
45.3
45.1
44.9
44.8
44.6
44.5
44.3
44.2
44.0
43.9
43.8
43.6
43.5
43.4
43.3
43.1
4.0
15.3
36.2
48.5
50.3
47.6
44.1
40.5
37.4
34.7
32.4
30.4
28.7
27.1
25.7
24.5
23.4
22.5
21.6
20.8
20.1
19.4
18.8
18.2
17.7
17.2
16.8
16.4
16.0
15.6
15.3
15.0
14.7
14.4
14.1
13.8
13.6
13.3
13.1
12.9
12.7
12.5
12.3
12.1
12.0
11.8
11.6
11.5
11.4
11.2
11.1
10.9
10.8
10.7
10.6
10.5
10.4
10.3
10.2
10.1
10.0
9.9
9.8
57.4
65.4
52.5
36.9
26.1
19.7
15.7
13.1
11.1
9.7
8.6
7.8
7.0
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.2
4.9
4.6
4.3
4.1
3.9
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
38.6
19.1
8.7
4.6
2.8
2.0
1.5
1.2
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
38
ISA Brown Egg Weight Distribution (%) – USA System
W eekly
Age
in
weeks
Av. egg
weight,
Lbs/Case
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
34.1
36.1
38.9
41.3
43.3
44.8
45.8
46.7
47.3
47.8
48.2
48.5
48.8
49.1
49.4
49.5
49.7
49.8
50.0
50.2
50.2
50.3
50.4
50.5
50.6
50.6
50.6
50.7
50.8
50.9
51.0
51.0
51.0
51.1
51.2
51.3
51.3
51.3
51.4
51.4
51.5
51.5
51.6
51.6
51.7
51.7
51.7
51.7
51.7
51.8
51.8
51.9
51.9
52.0
52.0
52.1
52.1
52.1
52.1
52.1
52.1
52.2
52.2
Jumbo
over
30
oz/doz
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.9
1.3
1.8
2.2
2.8
3.5
4.0
4.4
4.9
5.3
5.9
6.4
6.7
7.0
7.3
7.6
7.9
7.9
8.2
8.5
8.9
9.2
9.6
9.6
10.0
10.4
10.7
11.1
11.5
11.5
12.0
12.0
12.4
12.4
12.8
12.8
13.3
13.3
13.3
13.7
13.7
14.2
14.2
14.7
14.7
15.1
15.1
15.6
15.6
15.6
15.6
16.1
16.1
16.6
16.6
Extra
Large
27-30
oz/doz
0.2
1.6
5.0
9.1
13.9
18.0
21.4
24.4
26.8
29.2
31.6
33.4
34.5
35.7
36.8
37.8
38.9
39.4
39.9
40.4
40.9
41.3
41.3
41.8
42.2
42.7
43.1
43.5
43.5
43.9
44.3
44.7
45.0
45.4
45.4
45.7
45.7
46.0
46.0
46.3
46.3
46.6
46.6
46.6
46.9
46.9
47.1
47.1
47.4
47.4
47.6
47.6
47.8
47.8
47.8
47.8
48.0
48.0
48.2
48.2
C u m u lativ e
Large
24-27
oz/doz
Medium
21-24
oz/doz
Small
18-21
oz/doz
0.1
2.5
12.7
29.0
42.3
49.3
52.8
53.9
53.9
53.3
52.6
51.5
50.3
49.2
48.4
47.5
46.7
45.7
44.8
44.3
43.8
43.3
42.8
42.3
42.3
41.8
41.3
40.7
40.2
39.7
39.7
39.2
38.6
38.1
37.5
37.0
37.0
36.4
36.4
35.9
35.9
35.4
35.4
34.8
34.8
34.8
34.3
34.3
33.7
33.7
33.2
33.2
32.6
32.6
32.1
32.1
32.1
32.1
31.5
31.5
31.0
31.0
2.7
12.9
41.4
58.9
56.3
46.1
37.5
30.2
25.4
22.0
19.4
17.5
15.7
14.0
12.9
12.2
11.5
10.8
10.2
9.6
9.3
9.0
8.7
8.5
8.2
8.2
7.9
7.7
7.5
7.2
7.0
7.0
6.8
6.5
6.3
6.1
5.9
5.9
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.4
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.0
5.0
4.9
4.9
4.7
4.7
4.5
4.5
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.4
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.1
53.0
66.5
51.2
27.1
12.8
6.5
3.9
2.5
1.8
1.4
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Peewee
under
18
oz/doz
44.2
20.5
4.9
1.1
0.3
0.1
Jumbo
over
30
oz/doz
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.9
2.1
2.3
2.6
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
3.9
4.1
4.3
4.5
4.6
4.8
5.0
5.1
5.3
5.4
5.6
5.8
5.9
6.1
6.2
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
Extra
Large
27-30
oz/doz
0.1
0.7
2.0
3.7
5.7
7.7
9.6
11.4
13.1
14.7
16.2
17.6
18.9
20.0
21.1
22.1
23.1
24.0
24.8
25.5
26.2
26.9
27.5
28.0
28.6
29.1
29.6
30.1
30.5
30.9
31.3
31.7
32.1
32.4
32.8
33.1
33.4
33.7
34.0
34.2
34.5
34.8
35.0
35.2
35.5
35.7
35.9
36.1
36.3
36.5
36.6
36.8
37.0
37.1
37.3
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.9
38.0
Large
24-27
oz/doz
Medium
21-24
oz/doz
Small
18-21
oz/doz
0.1
1.7
7.5
16.2
24.1
30.1
34.5
37.6
39.9
41.6
42.8
43.6
44.2
44.6
44.9
45.1
45.2
45.2
45.2
45.1
45.1
45.0
44.9
44.8
44.7
44.6
44.4
44.3
44.2
44.0
43.9
43.7
43.6
43.4
43.2
43.1
42.9
42.8
42.6
42.4
42.3
42.1
42.0
41.8
41.7
41.6
41.4
41.3
41.1
41.0
40.9
40.8
40.6
40.5
40.4
40.2
40.1
40.0
39.9
39.8
39.7
39.6
2.7
11.8
31.8
46.0
50.1
48.9
46.2
43.1
40.2
37.7
35.4
33.5
31.7
30.1
28.7
27.5
26.4
25.4
24.4
23.6
22.8
22.1
21.5
20.9
20.3
19.8
19.4
18.9
18.5
18.1
17.7
17.4
17.1
16.7
16.4
16.1
15.9
15.6
15.4
15.1
14.9
14.7
14.5
14.3
14.1
13.9
13.7
13.6
13.4
13.3
13.1
13.0
12.8
12.7
12.6
12.4
12.3
12.2
12.1
12.0
11.9
11.8
11.7
53.0
65.1
55.7
40.7
29.5
22.5
18.1
15.1
12.9
11.3
10.0
9.0
8.2
7.6
7.0
6.5
6.1
5.7
5.4
5.1
4.9
4.6
4.4
4.2
4.1
3.9
3.8
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
Peewee
under
18
oz/doz
44.2
23.0
10.7
5.7
3.5
2.5
1.9
1.5
1.3
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
39
40
0
Hatchery:
Rearing farm:
House nr.:
Feed supplier:
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
grams
2
3
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
1
Hatch date:
Housing date:
No. of hens
housed.:
4
5
7
__________________
__________________
__________________
6
9
10
Transport date
(to laying farm):
Age at transport date:
No. of hens transported:
8 wks
BODYWEIGHT
12
13
_______________________
_______wks_________days
_______________________
11
14
REARING GRAPH ISA BROWN FINAL PRODUCT
15
16
17
01-2011
18
41
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
ê
78
80
15
10
5
0
10
5
0
Rearing farm : __________________
20
20
15
House no.:_________________
25
Housing date: ________________________
No. of birds housed: __________________
30
30
25
Hatch date : ____________________
35
Farm: ____________________
40
40
35
ê
45
45
74
50
50
76
60
60
55
65
65
55
70
70
75
80
ê
85
80
75
90
95
100
85
ê
90
95
100
PRODUCTION RECORDING GRAPH ISA BROWN F.P.
- 80
- 90
- 100
- 110
- 120
- 130
01- 2011
ê
www.isapoultry.com

ISA Brown - ISApoultry

Transcription

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