Dimitris Kyriazanos 31 May 2010

ENERGY-EFFICIENT ACCESS CONTROL FOR SMART AND
SECURE BUILDING: MOVING TOWARDS GREENER PASTURE
Dimitris M. Kyriazanos, PhD (powered by MAGNET)
National Centre for Scientific Research (NCSR) “Demokritos”
Institute of Informatics & Telecommunications – Integrated Systems Laboratory Athens, Greece
dkyri@iit.demokritos.gr , Tel: +30-210-6503150
Outline
1. The Impact of Buildings on the Environment and the role of ICT
2. Energy Efficient Access Control
3. Research results on more efficient Real Time Locating Systems
4. Conclusions: Towards Greener Pasture?
OUTLINE
1. The Impact of Buildings on the Environment
and the role of ICT
Energy and Carbon Footprint
 Buildings account for:
 38% of all carbon dioxide (CO2)
emissions
 72% of electricity consumption
 39% of primary energy use
 The IT industry generates 2% of world
GhG emissions, 25% in commercial
buildings
 Lighting generates 20% of the world
GhG emissions, 11% in commercial
buildings
BUILDING AND GREEN ICT
 The built environment has a profound
impact on our natural environment,
economy, health, and productivity.
Intelligent Building Infrastructure
BUILDING AND GREEN ICT
IT and Facility Networks Convergence
BUILDING AND GREEN ICT
Always On vs. Always Available
Always On
 Presence-based Activation
 Scheduled and Behaviour-based Activation
 Personalised Building Resource Management
 Staying Secure!
Requires an Integrated Solution including:
 Context- Aware Access Control
 Real Time Locating System (RTLS)
 Power Resource Management
 …cooperating over a converged Building Network
BUILDING AND GREEN ICT
Always Available
2. Energy Efficient Access Control
Energy Efficient Access Control Architecture
Building
Access Control
Real Time
Locating System
Data Source Abstraction Layer
Data Source Manager
IP Based
Devices
Sensor Abstraction
Layer
Mediators
Sensors
Non-IT
Equipment
ENERGY EFFICIENT ACCESS CONTROL
Building Power
Management
System
Energy Efficient Access Control
 Location Information is combined with Schedules and Behavioural
Analysis, in order to further improve efficiency in Security
Monitoring
 Power Management Systems interact with Access Control systems
in order to provide:
 Secure and Personalised Building Resource Allocation and
Management
 Dynamic allocation of resources according to context
 Quick view on the energy footprint of current security policies
ENERGY EFFICIENT ACCESS CONTROL
 Access Control is supported with Real Time Locating System
feedback, connecting User Access Profiles with Location
Information
3. Research results on more efficient Real
Time Locating Systems
Real Time Locating Systems
Technology
Market Share
Wi-Fi
Active RFID
Passive RFID
55%
13%
4%
RFID/IR
Infrared
ZigBee
Ultra-wideband
<1%
12%
6%
<1%
Ultrasound
10%
REAL TIME LOCATING SYSTEMS
 In a 2009 Market Study out of 122 organizations known for being
progressive in their use of healthcare IT (HIT), only 35 of those
organizations are doing anything in the way of real-time location, even
fewer had deeply implemented a solution.
 A variety of technologies exist, each with pros and cons in terms of cost,
accuracy and infrastructure requirements.
 Current Research for Indoor Localisation is working on improving
efficiency, cutting down infrastructure costs
Ultra-wideband
2D
Typical
Ubisense
LOSSLES
Technique
Mean
1.23m
0.48m
Median
0.44m
0.44m
67-th Percentile
0.56m
0.48m
95-th Percentile
3.95m
0.95m
REAL TIME LOCATING SYSTEMS
 Evaluated at NCSR LocTrack Laboratory
 “+”: accuracy, robustness, “-”: high cost
 Significantly improved accuracy with LOSSLES technique:
understanding the area of location and removing measurements from
sensors w/o free LoS
Ultrasound
4-Listener Cricket
Bundle
Horizont
ally
Positione
d
Best
Vertical
Orientati
on
Without
Calibratio
n
With
Calibratio
n
Mean accuracy
11.68m
10.81m
0.44m
0.30m
95th accuracy percentile
27.17m
40.17m
0.96m
0.82
REAL TIME LOCATING SYSTEMS
1 Listener only
(Calibrated)
EVA
LUA
TIO
N
RES
ULTS
:
POSI
TIO
N
TRA
CKIN
G
(CRI
CKET
)
 Evaluated at NCSR LocTrack Laboratory
 “+”: low intrusiveness of infrastructure,
“-”: performance, ergonomics, usability
 Susceptible to Noise interference
 Improved accuracy with
4-listener cricket bundle,
lacking in ergonomics and usability:
ZigBee
REAL TIME LOCATING SYSTEMS
EVA
LUA
TIO
N
RES
ULTS
:
POSI
TIO
N
TRA
CKIN
G
(CRI
CKET
)
 Evaluated at NCSR LocTrack Laboratory
 “+”:cost effective, “-”: offline
measurements (scene analysis – SA)
are needed for higher accuracy
 Worked on techniques to improve
accuracy w/o need for scene analysis
(APIT)
RFID
REAL TIME LOCATING SYSTEMS
 RFID systems can use a combination of passive, active, or semi-active
tags to meet varying tracking needs. RFID systems utilize proprietary
hardware that limits interference or impact on existing wireless networks.
 RFID requires additional infrastructure costs. Active tags require battery
maintenance and consequently, they cost more than passive tags.
 NCSR current research work focuses on reducing infrastructure costs and
improving efficiency by:
 Reducing the number of RFID readers
 Make use of directional antennas controlled and activated selectively
 Support from Reasoning and Location Information Modelling
Location Information Modelling
REAL TIME LOCATING SYSTEMS
The DITSEF Platform for Aftermath Crisis
Management
“Bubbles”:
 Sets of “HABBLE” nodes
 Self-organized network
between HABBLE nodes
 Self-organized networks
among Bubblesη
“HABBLE” Nodes:
 GPS and UWB modules for
Localization
 WiMAX and ZigBee
modules for Communications
Digital and innovative technologies for security and efficiency of first
responders operation (DITSEF)
Funded under 7th FWP (Seventh Framework Programme)
HMFM indoor localisation of medication
package on demand
HMFM Home Services
and Reasoning Server
Wi-Fi Connectivity
RFID
Reader
RFID
Reader
NFC
Mobile Phone
NFC
Service Access Point
Misplaced
RFID-printed
Medication
Hear Me Feel Me - Compensating for eyesight with mobile
technology
AAL (call 1)
4. Conclusions: Towards Greener Pasture?
When Business Profit meets Green Profit
Business Objectives:
Branches and HQ operates
from 9:00 am –6:00 pm
Control Laptops, PCs, Phones,
APs
Solution:
Energy Management System on:
IP phones, WLAN, PC, IP-connected HVAC, lighting, identity readers
Business Value:
$502,235 annual savings
Equates to emissions from 194
homes, 499 acres of pine forest
sequestration, or travel around
equator of earth 1.43 times
Business Value:
$415,475 annual savings
(assuming 0.10/kwh), 55.6%
power savings
Emission reduction of 2,197
metric tones, equates to 399
cars emissions
TOWARDS GREENER PASTURE
Business Objectives:
Reduce power consumption of the
clinic (200,000 sq. ft. facility)
Control all IT and facility power
usage
Beware of the Hype
TOWARDS GREENER PASTURE
 A lot of hype building around the green ICT movement
 Consolidate security without increasing risk – don’t jump on Green
Security per se
 Security specialists are challenged to decide among many products
which best meet the needs of the organization, applying them
effectively
 …cutting down costs and carbon dioxide emissions in the
process
Conclusions – Towards Greener Pasture?
TOWARDS GREENER PASTURE
 Internet of Things and convergence of ICT with our surroundings is
getting us there
 Over the converged Building Network, Access Control empowered
by Indoor Localisation intelligence, can cooperate with Power
Management systems to produce a more effective integrated
system
 Indoor Localisation research is working on increasing accuracy
while dropping down costs, esp. in terms of infrastructure – suiting
the Green goals
 Success stories already out there and motivate the Green ICT
movement:
 Companies build upon the “save Trees and a bit of the World”
image
 …while saving a good amount of money for themselves too!
Credits
National Centre for Scientific Research
(NCSR) “Demokritos”
Institute of Informatics &
Telecommunications – Integrated Systems
Laboratory - Athens, Greece
Stelios C. A. Thomopoulos
Director of Research
The Team:
Dimitris Kyriazanos, PhD
Stelios A. Mitilineos, PhD
Nick D. Argyreas Developer
Olga E. Segou, PhD Candidate
John Goufas, Developer
Thank you
Dimitris M. Kyriazanos - dkyri@iit.demokritos.gr
“Green Security”