By Daniel Cohen
Transcription
By Daniel Cohen
S T A F F Editor Kevin Winnie Layout & Design Rashid Epps Annalee Holmdahl Cover Art & Design Rebecca Tom Writers Anthony Arias Daniel Cohen Allyson Feitler Martin Gschwentner Caleb Haddad Harry Rafferty Noah Sellman Max Shafer-Landau Peter Stratis Alexa Wheeler Is Weilheim the New Seattle? 4 The Notwist’s ascent to the Mt. Olympus of Pop Music The Hip Hop - Basketball: How It 6 Became Lake Street Dive Has a Breakout 10 Month The Odd Couple: 12 Eminem & Elton John Rock and Roll Christmas: A Window Into Changing Pop 16 Music Sensibilities Forging The Sword 19 Lou Reed: More Than Just A Punk Rocker 22 The Eclectic Kanye West 26 Inside Jackson the Funky Bunch 28 Donald Glover, a.k.a. Childish 30 Gambino. One of the most versatile talents of the decade CO NT EN TS album was licensed in the United States by Zero Hour. When the experimental contributor joined the band as a regular two years later, the boys from Weilheim underwent their most significant musical metamorphosis in the band’s history at the end of which stands 1998’s Shrink, the first record of the new Notwist, which received widespread critical acclaim. “Is Weilheim the new Seattle?” The Notwist’s ascent to the Mt. Olympus of Pop Music by Martin Gschwentner what was to come. “Nothing Like You” guides the band’s rough riffs into more accessible channels while maintaining the skewed, melancholy characteristic of their Weilheim t is a typically bleak day in Weilheim, where, once again, cloudy weather obstructs the majestic view of the nearby inspired songwriting. This development would continue on Alps, one of the few highlights the city’s tourist guide can their follow-up, Nook, which exploded the rating scale of the popular German music magazine Visions, earning them 6 out pride itself on. Three men walk the placid streets of the Bavarian dullsville, wearing glasses, baggy pullovers, and di- of 5. More often, the harsh guitar sounds retreated in favor sheveled beards. What looks like a group of high school phys- of increasingly accessible melodies. At their core, however, The Notwist remained a guitar rock band with hardcore roots, ics teachers out for a Sunday stroll is in fact Germany’s biggest small band and one of the country’s few internationally seeking superb riffs and a headbanging crowd. It was not until they met another Weilheim-based tinkerer struggling to acclaimed contributors to modern pop music: The Notwist. channel rural Bavarian deprivation into wistful tones that the Called by some the first relevant German pop band since band would create the sound that found them international Kraftwerk, The Notwist created their trademark niche more success. than fifteen years ago by combining crackling and clattering electronic sounds with rhythmic guitar pop. The band’s On the surface, all that connects electronic experhistory, however, dates back even further: they formed as a imentalist Martin Gretschmann, also known as the Mad hardcore-punk-outfit in 1989, a classification that continues Professor from his music project Console, with the raw to surprise those who discover the band through their newer guitar sound of the early 90s The Notwist is their common releases. Bavarian home. It is all the more astonishing how well the combination of both spheres has played out over the years. Following difficult months of poorly attended youth-center gigs and less than favorable live reviews, then- It all began in 1995 when the band released their third LP, 12, adding new ingredients to their reliable spectrum of sound. trio Markus Acher (voals, guitar), Michael Acher (bass) and Gretschmann’s electronic tinkering added new layers, chalMecki Messerschmidt (drums) found success with their lenging the supremacy of guitars, despite, at this point, being self-titled 1990 debut, an album that would send them on just supplementary, the little extra something. The fan base tour with Bad Religion and Jesus Lizard later that year. The Notwist, a raw blend of punk rock, hardcore and metal, con- was constantly growing and The Notwist, for the very first time, played live shows in front of American crowds after the cludes with a track that, in retrospect, sets the agenda for I 4 ed? It couldn’t. For six years, with the exception of a few soundtrack pieces, the band that had just unleashed a storm of enthusiasm and rose to international fame released no new material. Instead, undeterred by The Notwist’s success, the band members focused on their side projects, founding Gretschmann’s influence was all-embracing: abrasive their own Weilheim-based label Alien Transistor and touring occasionally. They didn’t return to the studio to start reguitar riffs made way for hypnotic percussion samples, and cording Neon Golden’s successor until 2006, and it took two his trademark electronic blips and beeps fit in seamlessly more years-- and the departure of original drummer Messwith the Acher brothers’ passion for more traditional pop erschmidt—before The Devil, You And Me was finally out in song structures and jazz influences, which they had formerrecord stores, which demanded a trial of patience from fans ly relegated to side projects. The Notwist had found their trademark niche, two years before Radiohead popularized a all over the globe. And during the band’s absence from the international pop parquet, the music industry did not stand similar signature sound in their 2000 masterpiece Kid A. “Is Weilheim the new Seattle?” British magazine The Wire asked still: indietronic bands now abounded, and all of a sudden The Notwist, founding fathers of a blossoming genre, were after the release of Shrink, referring to a growing unique music scene blossoming in the Bavarian province, led by The but one band among many. Despite standing in the shadow Notwist. Once again, the band attracted new fans around the of its predecessor, their sixth studio album, basically a conglobe, touring England with Stereolab and the United States tinuation of their sound on Shrink and Neon Golden, received critical acclaim and furthered the band’s fame. It was, howwith Cornelius. ever, always just that: the successor to Neon All the while, the band members Golden. found time to minister to their countless Back in the bleak loneliness of Weilheim, side projects, the Acher brothers’ chamanother six years have passed. The trio that ber jazz band Tied & Tickled Trio, Gretessentially creatively constitutes The Notwist schmann’s Console and the dream-pop now – the Acher brothers and Gretschmann ensemble Lali Puna, as well theater com– is promoting their new album Close To The positions and film scores. What might have Glass, released under their new label Sub Pop estranged other bands from a common Records, home of The Postal Service, Fleet Foxsound and vision gives the collaborators es and The Shins. They seem ready to conquer of The Notwist just the leeway they need the American market for good. The contrast to produce their very own distinct style: between international fame and provincial “If each of us could put everything that is deprivation has seldom been starker, the nexus important to him, individually, into The between inspiration and reality seldom more Notwist, it would become an insufferable obvious: this place is what made this band, jumble,” Michael Acher explained in a their return only logical. The reviews are in, recent interview with German magazine and– once again– they are great, while– once Die Welt. Indeed, what makes the band’s output since Shrink unique is the mosaic-like artistic synthe- again– they continue to be pervaded with Neon Golden comparisons. Close To The Glass is bulky at times, catchy at sis of various preferences and influences merging into an inherently consistent whole. In these terms, Shrink was but a others. Shoegaze guitars start off one song, jazz and krauforetaste of a signature sound that would find its perfection trock influences infuse the next. It’s truly a piece of work, albeit an astonishing one, revealing itself piece by piece until four years later. it clicks, and what sounds like an incoherent mess suddenly Neon Golden is, without a doubt, The Notwist’s makes perfect sense. Despite remaining loyal to their signamagnum opus. Released in 2002 under City Slang, the band’s ture sound, The Notwist is not trying to repeat Neon Golden. new label, the album received international critical acclaim, They just keep doing what they do best: “mixing things that attracting favorable reviews and praise worldwide: “A decade might not seem to fit together into a beautiful, seamless into their career, the Notwist have created a masterpiece by whole” without paying much attention to reviews, fans or pulling the same trick they pulled on Shrink: mixing things competitors. Mostly, because in placid Weilheim, all of this that might not seem to fit together into a beautiful, seamless doesn’t really matter. whole,” concludes Luke Buckman for Pitchfork magazine. Celebrating their biggest commercial success to date, the band toured sold out venues both in Europe and in North America, equipped with an album that continues to leave a mark on best of lists and is largely responsible for the band’s cult status. Neon Golden comes across as the pinnacle of a sonic metamorphosis: how could this achievement ever be repeat- “If each of us could put everything that is important to him, individually, into The Notwist, it would become an insufferable jumble,” 5 to world celebrities who often represent our youth’s musical taste and cultural flair, no matter how vulgar it may be. While the growth of the hip-hop culture has taken place, a similar cultural revolution has also arisen within the basketball culture. The shift from clean cut players like Magic Johnson and Larry Bird to urbanized culture rebels like Allen Iverson and Kevin Garnett was one that changed the National Basketball Association’s (NBA) image forever and immediately forged the sport into the growing hip-hop culture to the point where the two cultures were and still are undeniably intertwined. For better or for worse is truly an opinion, but the overall shift in culture is something that is unquestionable, demands our attention, and is crucial to understanding our youth’s identity today. 6 The HipHop and Basketball Connection: How it Became M usic and Sport often go hand-in-hand. Whether it is Super Bowl halftime shows, theme songs being played during player introductions, or music provoking athletic contests or at the very least physical movement, the two seem to intertwine with each other on a very regular basis, and greatly affect each other’s industries. No music-sport relationship has grown stronger though in the current age than the one shared between hip-hop and basketball. The two are inseparable in today society, and has now drawn a somewhat cult following that has a great number of the youth associating with both. So how did the relationship become so strong? The growth of hip-hop culture has been one of the biggest influences of pop culture and the way our cultural society has functioned in the last twenty-five years. From N.W.A to Notorious B.I.G. to 50 Cent and By: Harry Rafferty so on, these figures within hip-hop culture have grown However, to understand this cultural shift in its entirety we must first go back to where the birth of this new culture took place. In the early 1990’s hip-hop music was continuously gaining popularity amongst the youth in America. More and more rappers were beginning to separate themselves with new and unique styles that had never been heard before. Because of this, the hip hop & rap industry was constantly changing and expanding. As these new styles of music gained interest, the game of basketball was also in the beginning stages of a change of its own. In the 1990’s, the players in the NBA were beginning to take on a new mold. Hip-hop was establishing itself as a major form of popular culture; therefore it slowly began to make its mark on the NBA. Players in the NBA often associated with hip-hop through what they wore, both on and off the court, as well as what music they listened to. This common culture is undoubtedly the connection between young black males and their journey’s from poverty to success. In 1997, the hip-hop industry was filled with iconic rappers. One of the most well known was Notorious B.I.G. who was famous for his rise from hustling the streets to living a lavish lifestyle. Notorious B.I.G. in many ways represented what many believed to be the idealistic “gangster.” He came from an environment where he was “dead broke,”1 and didn’t have enough money for heat, nor to celebrate birthdays or Christmases. So he felt his only answer to this was to start selling drugs at the age of fifteen to provide before he would eventually break out as a rapper. Narratives like this that involved a ‘from nothing to something’ tale became much of the basis of what hip-hop culture is centered around. Although B.I.G. was popular in 1996, he reached iconic status following his death when he was murdered in March of 19972. This rise from poverty that was greatly influencing hip-hop culture was a concept that many basketball players could not only relate to as well, but began to take pride in. For example, Stephon Marbury was in his second year in the NBA when Notorious B.I.G. released his second album Life After Death. Marbury grew up in Cony Island, New York and was one of seven children who were raised by their single mother. Marbury could relate to B.I.G.’s lyrics because they told a story that was similar to his own. Once Marbury began to assert himself as one of the league’s top players, he began to gain recognition both on and off the court. In October of 1997, Marbury and Kevin Garnett, another young NBA star who came from a poverty and murder infested background, were featured on the cover of SLAM Magazine. The two young NBA stars were being labeled as the future of the NBA. Along with their new and exciting skills on the court, they both personified the new, young flare to the NBA off the court that was taking over the league. In their magazine cover the two were featured wearing diamond chains, earrings and watches as well as backwards hats and baggy jerseys. Above the picture a caption read “Natural Born Killers,” which was a direct reference to Dr. Dre and Ice Cube’s 90’s hit song that represented being a gangster in its entirety. It was the official start of a new public image for the NBA that many NBA administrators did not foresee or want coming. As famous NBA columnist Michael Wilbon put it, “league and club executives decided to marry the NBA to hip-hop, and clearly didn’t know what they were getting into. As my friend Brian Burwell wrote in Tuesday’s 7 St. Louis Post-Dispatch, NBA marketing people ‘thought they were getting Will Smith and LL Cool J. But now they’ve discovered the dark side hip-hop has.’”3 This idea of modern day rebellion through hiphop really began with the creation of West Coast hiphop culture in the 1990’s. The creation of “gangster rap” came from West coast rappers who used their lyrics to form an uprising against society and civil right issues. Rappers like Dr. Dre and Ice Cube were well known for their controversial and revolting lyrics that tarnished the names of California officials, policemen, and administrators. In songs like “Straight Outta Compton”4 and “Fuck Tha Police,”5 they made it very clear that they felt the country and society was unjust and corrupt, and that they were not going to stand to discrimination. So when NBA players like Stephon Marbury and Kevin Garnett began to associate themselves with this new counterculture, a new relationship was born. Along with Marbury and Garnett, many other NBA players were fully immersing themselves in the hip-hop culture as well. Allen Iverson, who was raised by his sixteen year old mother in Bethel, Virginia, began to separate himself as one of the NBA’s top players in 1999. Iverson had gained a reputation as one of the league’s most exciting players because of his ability to score the basketball paired with his under-sized physique (6’0” and 160 pounds when he entered the league). However, while maybe lacking some physical attributes, Iverson made up for it with his overwhelming ego. This ego was on full display when the public saw him on the cover of SLAM Magazine in March of 1999. Similar to Garnett and Marbury, Iverson wore chains, earrings, necklaces and a gold watch to tie it all together. But what was most noticeable about the cover was his hair. Iverson had always been known for his signature braids, but this time he had let them out. The undone braids resulted in an afro that took up much of the cover. SLAM Magazine editor Tony Gervino was quoted saying “he is the epitome of rebellion.” 8 cultural connection between the two? It is simple really: the connection is extremely marketable and is a financially positive venture for both parties. It attracts both the poor youth in urban environments who can relate to the rappers and basketball players background stories, but also appeals to the suburban upper and middle class youth because it signifies our generation and is the “cool culture” now. Just like the youth in the 1950’s and 1960’s went crazy for Elvis Presley and The Beatles during the counterculture, today’s youth uses the hip-hop culture to rebel against their parents as well. This is crucial to why the hip-hop culture has been Following the installation of the new dress code so prominent in the last twenty years, and why it has policy, many players were unhappy. Iverson spoke out been able to build such a strong relationship with basagainst the policy that was put in place by the commis- ketball culture. The scary thing for the people that don’t sioner. Iverson said, “the dress code is not who I am and like hip-hop culture influencing the game of basketball doesn’t allow me to express myself.”7 By implementing is that it only looks like the cultural connection is getting a dress code, Stern was trying to erase all the negative stronger with each passing year. connotations that come with hip-hop cultured clothing and accessories. The two sides were clearly not seeing eye-to-eye, and continue to argue about the issue of attire to this day with the NBA holding firm to its policies. “Players will be expected to wear business casual attire whenever they participate in team or league activities, including arriving at games, leaving games, conducting interviews and making promotional or other appearances. Also no chains, pendants or medallions over the player’s clothes.”6 Stern implemented this rule in an attempt to clean up the league’s image. Stern did not want the league to be associated with hip-hop culture any longer. He believed that with hip-hop culture comes crime, and there is no place for the representation of crime in professional basketball. icans are still facing today. Hip-Hop and Rap music is the new generation’s way of rebelling against the discrimination and social injustice that is so deeply rooted in American society, even if it is not as blatant as it was 50 or 60 years ago. Allen Iverson had this rebel mindset, and became one of the faces for both the NBA and hiphop culture. This became a very powerful combination for the hip-hop movement itself. As hip-hop continued to grow in popularity throughout the late 1990’s and into the early 2000’s, it, as could be expected, also became more prevalent in the NBA. The majority of NBA players portrayed hip-hop culture whether it was on or off the court. The introduction of headbands, shooting sleeves, black socks, and leg sleeves allowed players to express themselves on the court in a unique style. As for off the court, players In many ways, the idea of rebellion is what hip- would be seen upon arrival to games wearing jeans, hop music is based off of as well. Blues music, led by timberland boots and plenty of expensive jewelry. Reicons like Bessie Smith and Charlie Patton, developed gardless of where you looked, either on or off the court, through the oppressive times that African-Americans NBA players were expressing themselves and their faced during the early 20th century. The blues were the connection with hip-hop culture. However, in the 2005subtle way to rebel before the full out rebellion of the 2006 NBA season, this would all change. NBA commisCivil Rights Movement. Hip-hop was similarly developed sioner David Stern implemented a new dress code polthrough the segregation and poverty that African-Amer- icy for all players and coaches in the league. It stated: However, even after the dress code was installed in 2006, hip-hop culture is still leaving its mark on the game today largely because the connection is a good business model to combine the two industries. While it may not pertain to only attire, the new age of social media and unprecedented exposure into celebrities’ personal lives, the connection between hip-hop and the NBA is more visible than ever before. Whether it is basketball players and rappers tweeting at each other or photos of them interacting on TMZ, we see the constant interactions everywhere. It is such a strong connection now that we have even seen hip-hop culture icons becoming a part of NBA team’s administration and ownership. Jay-Z owned a small part of the Brooklyn Nets organization and had a lot to do with the team image for a number of years, and now Drake has partnered with his hometown Toronto Raptors to help the team’s image and product expand. So why does the media make such a big deal out of the relationships of basketball players and hip-hop artists, and why is the NBA becoming more acclimated to the 9 Lake Street Dive has a Breakout Month By Peter Stratis A deserves. fter ten years of hard work, Lake Street Dive released its new album on February 18th and is finally experiencing the recognition it The band – comprised of Rachel Price (vocals), Mike Olsen (guitar, trumpet), Mike Calabrese (drums), and Bridget Kearney (bass) – originally met at The New England Conservatory of Music in Boston. After initially trying their hand at a brand of country played with free jazz sensibilities, the group has now settled on a broader fusion of genres and a soulful pop sound. Since their inception, they have released a self-titled album, a live album, an album of covers, and their newest effort “Bad Self Portraits.” chills!” is how actor @kevinbacon described his introduction to the band in a tweet on October 6, 2012. He included a link to the band’s video on YouTube, thus spreading the word to his 380,000 followers. The since gone-viral video, filmed street-side in Allston, MA, showcases the band’s cohesive sound and infectious live energy. I came to know the band myself through this video during the band’s rising popularity. Bacon tweeted the link amidst the band’s recording of “Bad Self Portraits.” The members of Lake Street Drive exited the recording studio in Maine, which had no Internet access or phone service, unaware of their new following. By now their video has amassed 1.5 million views, and their other videos are full of comments from people just discovering the band. In 2012, the band received attention for its soulful, acoustic cover of “I Want You Back” by the Jackson 5. “This is amazing! Gives me With a newly recorded album and a growing 10 fan base, it is likely the band would have experienced this breakout month earlier if Price’s former label had not interfered. The band’s development was halted by contract negotiations with Claire Vision Productions, an independent record company owned by Tom Price, her father and a songwriter, and Robert Cuillo, a producer. From her teenage years, Price worked as a professional jazz singer under the direction and contract of the company. While Tom Price supported his daughter’s endeavor with Lake Street Drive, once Rachel expressed a desire to sing exclusively with the band, she breached the terms of the contract. According to Tom, Robert Cuillo had “years of time and money invested in [Rachel’s] development,” and it was a matter of “compensation.” While awaiting the outcome of the negotiations, the band kept busy by touring incessantly in 2013. Their first appearance on network television occurred on February 5th the band performed two songs from their new album on Comedy Central’s The Colbert Report. Later in the month, they also played on the Late Show with David Letterman. The buzz of the “Colbert bump” has prompted coverage from major national news outlets like the Huffington Post and NPR. In their earlier years, the band played at many local bars and clubs, including Toad in Cambridge and the Lizard Lounge, where they recorded their live album in 2011. Price is quoted by the Huffington Post commenting on their sudden rise to fame: “we spent eight years playing in rooms where we were trying to get people’s attention, and now we’re walking into sold-out rooms and we just have everyone’s attention at the beginning of the show.” Though the band has since relocated to Brooklyn, they still consider Boston to be the band’s hometown. On February 23rd they played to a sold out crowd at the Sinclair in Cambridge. Tickets to their next return to the city, to play the Royale Boston, went on sale January 20th and have already sold out. 11 The By Odd Noah Sellman 12 Elton John and a Eminem Couple: E minem has always been the center of controversy when it comes to his songs. He can piss almost anybody off, from women’s rights group pointing out the violence he shows towards women in “Kim” – a song which is a murder fantasy of Slim killing his wife – to the renewed anger from the LGBTQ community for lyrics in “Rap God” – a newer single where he talks about gay bashing. He has battled drug addiction and mental instability. Stardom had not always been easy on him. Elton John is none of that. His lyrics have always been much more family friendly, including the soundtrack to The Lion King, “Crocodile Rock” and “Your Song”. While he did struggle with drug addiction in the 80’s, he has since gotten sober and helped others with their problem. John is also openly gay, in a civil partnership 13 and has two sons. Controversy has never stemmed from his music. So what if I told you that these two men were friends? And not just an acquaintance or someone you say “hi” to when you pass them in the hall. They are good friends. They first met and worked together at the 2001 Grammy Awards. Eminem was getting a lot of attention for the homophobic lyrics contained within many of his songs. While talking about whether to go through with the performance he declared, “The only way I’ll perform at the Grammys is with Elton John.” The smart ass that he is, Em was joking, 14 not realizing John was openly gay. But what started as a joke soon turned into a statement. John was brought in. The performance was epic ending with John and Eminem embracing in solidarity. (Pictured below) It was all anyone could talk about. The two only got closer after this. When Eminem realized he was struggling with a prescription drug problem, he turned to John for help. John fought with his own addictions over the years and was in a unique position to help the rapper. “I’m there if people want my help,” says John. When Em needed him he helped and they both became closer because of Recently, Eminem has gotten criticism for “I’m there if anyone needs my help” -Elton John one of his newer releases, “Rap God”. In it he raps about breaking a table over “the back of a couple faggots”. John has stood by him, telling the Associated Press he does not see Eminem as hateful. Eminem has even come out in support of gay marriage, and defended his lyrics by saying he never really equated those words with gay people. Again, controversial, but you can see John’s influence on these actions. Hopefully with all this renewed controversy, we may end up seeing an encore of the 2001 Grammys performance. Apparently opposites do attract. Even with their difference in stage persona, audience and amount of controversial lyrics, Elton John and Eminem have become fast friends. It is a relationship that has benefited them both. 15 W rock ‘n’ roll does not usually come the 1960s. A Christmas Gift for You from Phil Spector was to mind. You probably think of stan- released in 1963 featuring Darlene Love, The Ronettes, The Crystals, and Bob B. Soxx and the Blue Jeans performing ligious carols. However, rockers are not immune to the allure Christmas standards. Phil Spector’s Christmas album was of Christmas music. Many a rock musician has covered those not loved immediately upon release—it came out the day old classics, beginning with The Drifters and Elvis Presley in of John F. Kennedy’s assassination—but has since been re- the 1950s and continuing to the present day. But rock artists garded as one of the best Christmas albums of all time. Even also write their own Christmas songs. Some of these have though most songs were covers, there was an original Ellie become perennial favorites, while others remain more ob- Greenwich/Jeff Barry composition: “Christmas (Baby Please scure tunes. Regardless of popularity, rock Christmas music Come Home)” performed by Darlene Love, which showed provides a glance into the rock of its era. the then-popular Brill Building approach to songwriting. This Beginning in the 1950s, rock Christmas classics were born. Elvis Presley’s “Blue Christmas” from Elvis’ Christmas Album (itself a cover of an earlier country hit) has turned into a modern-day classic. Some songs on the record were covers, but there were original rock Christmas songs as well. was done in Spector’s signature “wall of sound” style. Like most of his other girl group songs of the era, it was about romantic problems. These early Christmas rock tunes reflected most of the rock music of the time. They were about romance and did not carry too heavy of a message beyond the surface. Jerry Lieber and Mike Stoller The easy-going early ‘60s (who wrote Elvis hit “Jailhouse rock Christmas tune was not Rock” as well as many other songs for Elvis and others) wrote limited to Phil Spector’s girl groups. The Beach Boys got “Santa Claus is Back in Town” for the album. That song was 16 Christmas songs about romance would continue into dards like “White Christmas” or “The Christmas Song” or re- Rock ‘n’ Roll Christmas: A Window into Changing Pop Music Sensibilities By: Alexa Wheeler hen you think of Christmas songs, into the Christmas song game as well, releasing their own sprinkled with innuendo: “Hang up your pretty stockings, Christmas album in 1964. Like Spector’s, it was mostly covers turn off the light/Santa Claus is coming, down your chimney of standards, but included the Beach Boys original “Little tonight.” Elvis’ Christmas Album is the top-selling holiday Saint Nick,” which has since become a holiday favorite. Even release of all time, so these songs have lasted for decades; though this is not a love song, it retains the Beach Boys’ they helped usher in a new age of popular holiday music. surfer style—it’s about a car or, in this case, a sleigh. The in- Like much other contemporary rock, the innuendo was subt- nocence of early rock ‘n’ roll is reflected in this lighthearted le and couched in seemingly-innocuous, romantic lyrics. tune. As rock became more topical and deeper, so would the 17 Christmas melodies it produced. One important Christmas song with a message is John Lennon, Yoko Ono, the Plastic Ono Band, and the Harlem Community Choir’s “Happy Xmas (War Is Over)” from 1971, which, incidentally, Phil Spector produced. Like many of John Lennon’s post-Beatles songs, this one is about peace and ending the war in Vietnam. “And so happy Christmas/ a group of children singing about ending the war and the winter holidays—so often associated with innocence and childhood—is extra powerful. Lennon got his message about a loss of innocence and naïveté across, using Christmas as a forum similar to the way rock music was often used as a political platform. In the early ‘70s, rockers were protesting Vietnam For black and for white/For yellow and red ones/Let’s stop all through their Christmas music, but by the time The Kinks the fight.” While not explicitly religious, this song discusses released “Father Christmas” in 1978 (on Misfits), punk had peace, which is a more religious message than other Christ- taken hold and a certain cynicism was mounting. “But the mas rock tunes. It also reflects the increasing politicization of last time I played Father Christmas/I stood outside a departrock music and the rise of protest songs. The holidays were ment store/A gang of kids came over and mugged me/And not immune to rockers trying to get their viewpoints across. knocked my reindeer to the floor.” Kids mugging Santa Claus? Part of why Lennon achieved his message of peace was by A far cry from the lighthearted Christmas romances of the bringing in the Harlem Community Choir in addition to his ‘50s and ‘60s. A less well-known, but just as cynical Christmas anti-war lyrics. By this point in time, rock was able to bring song is Was (Not Was)’s 1981 “Christmas Time in the Motor in such disparate elements as a children’s choir. Listening to City,” which takes Christmas as a time of widespread unemployment and poverty. These two songs demonstrate the changing tide in rock. It was not pure fun anymore, but was much rawer with a deeper message. The joy you’re supposed to feel at Christmas is in stark contrast to social problems, which rockers pick up on and exploit to make their commentary. A parallel can be drawn between rock ‘n’ roll Christmas music and general rock ‘n’ roll. Every era of rock has its own associated Christmas songs and its own associated genres. As rock has changed, its holiday melodies reflect those changes. Christmas music may seem like fluff, but it can provide an interesting look into the more general rock ‘n’ 18 roll context of every era. Forging the Sword By: Max Shafer-Landau D escribed as a “Black Sabbath inspired doom-retro-stoner-whatever-metal” band, The Sword has become prominent in the metal genre over the past decade.1 Hailing from Austin, Texas, The Sword comprises vocalist and guitarist John Cronise, guitarist Kyle Shutt, bassist Bryan Richie, and Jimmy Vela on drums, a 2011 replacement for the original drummer, Trivett Wingo. They have a rich, swaggering, full sound that washes over the listener in waves, immersing them in its intensity. The Sword has clearly matured over the course of their four albums, evolving from the appearance of a highly talented garage band to a unique and professional force ready to become a heavy metal mainstay. The Sword’s first album, Age of Winters (2006), typified the musical style that has come to be associat- 1 Monger, James Christopher. The Sword. Google 19 Play; accessed 2.23.2014. www.play.google.com ed with the band. Opening with the loud droning chords of Celestial Crown, The Sword establishes its intentions immediately. The underlying bass and thumping drums plunge the listener into a deep swamp of powerful, thrumming riffs. Typical of the band, the album’s single Freya energetically plows through thick walls of bass, led by a dark lead guitar. Forthrightly presenting their firmly aggressive sound, The Sword marches relentlessly through the album. Indeed, the trek can be exhausting. By the seventh song, the 7:59 behemoth Lament for Aurochs, the music has been ceaselessly pouring over your ears for twenty minutes. While each song admittedly kicks ass, eventually the momentum devolves into trudgery. The lyrics take up this march as well. John Cronise sings excitedly, fleshing out classically martial landscapes and stories. Embodying a Gothic or Feudal character, the singing portrays settings that are almost universally bleak, forlorn, and mysterious. Occasionally bordering on ridiculous, it’s easy to see in these verses a descendant of Led Zeppelin’s lyrical homage to J.R.R. Tolkien. Similar in their content, the lyrics of Age of Winters and the subsequent Gods of the Earth incorporate the new generation of fantasy into their tales. George R. R. Martin’s A Song of Ice and Fire series comes up repeatedly. From direct recitations of Game of Thrones plot, in To Take the Black, to odes about three Westerosi deities (Maiden, Mother, Crone), there’s a beautiful confluence of contemporary media in this music. To trace the origins of The Sword is a clear path, all the way back to the hard rock and early metal of the mid to late-70’s. We’ve already seen their similarity to Led Zeppelin’s lyrical inspiration, but the 70’s rock band assuredly helped pave the way for The Sword’s powerful hard rock sound with songs like The Ocean and When the Levee Breaks. Black Sabbath’s Tony Iommi’s ground shaking guitar also has a clear influence on the band, as do fellow Texans ZZ Top. Indeed, the main criticism of the band’s first two albums is their lack of innovation from their progenitors. With their first forays into Doom, Blues, and Stoner Metal, The Sword created songs exemplary of the genre, but stayed safely within the limits set by previous bands such as Sleep and Kyuss. The first two albums consist of songs all from this same channel of composition. After a short little twiddle diddle on a mandolin at the beginning of Gods of the Earth’s’ lead track, The Sundering, The Sword trips off a cliff into an obliterative morass of heavy metal and dragons. Several critics complained about the monotony between albums. By the end of album two, The Sword held at the bottom of a much-traveled rut. Within their well-established sound, The Sword performed at a consistently high level, putting out some of the best examples of the music in their field. However, they remained stuck behind those who had gotten famous by creating and expanding the genre. Because of The Sword’s precocity, they gained traction before they had fully matured past the stage of imitatively thrashing about in a suburban garage. The minor publicity and success their first albums generated was more than a similarly experienced band would “warrant.” However, The Sword performed their chosen genre with terrifically entertaining skill and so climbed fast. Matt Bayles, producer of such defining bands as Pearl Jam, Isis, and Mastodon, entered the stage of their next album Warp Riders by kicking over the familiar tropes The Sword was used to and forcing them into new territory. From Warp Riders’ first tingles of static, you can tell the air has changed. The first guitar you hear is not the expected heavy apocalyptic bass, but a lead guitar’s gleaming lightning bolt finally unchained from acting simply as an augmentation to its deeper accompanying instruments. There’s an industrial metallic underpinning to the opening, you can almost taste the iron in your throat. Warp Riders’ instrumentation animates the album with a greater excitement than we’ve thus far experienced with The Sword. The lead guitar has transformed into an individual entity marshaling the song forward. The rest of the instruments sound uplifted prepared for the adventure, which unfolds over the course of the album. The doom and gloom of depressed and wartorn medieval towns, wicked Horned Goddesses, and heroes destined for horrible demises or legendary victories fall away in this album. Instead, the songs take you on the fantastical sci-fi adventure of our star-traversing protagonist, Archer. It reads similarly to a Greek myth in space, with classical allusions to the likes of Perseus and Macbeth long with direct exhortations to Hermes. Warp Riders includes an arch-nemesis, the Chronomancer, and epic journeying across the heavens in its saga. Oh, and because the main guy just happens to have the coolest job title in the world, it’s also about Space Pirates. The Night City and Lawless Lands of the album’s backdrop conjure images of the Old West on a terraformed martian world. The new directions in both instrumentation and lyrical content refreshingly reinforce each other in a frenetic, yet controlled explosion of The Sword’s new sound. In Warp Riders, Matt Bayles and The Sword forced their music out of its customary doom metal (emphasis on the doom), and in so doing, discovered their own style. Retaining the quasi-oppressive slamming waves of their earlier albums, they heated their music to red-hot tones, blasting off into more vivacious strata. The Sword then took the experience of Warp Riders and infused it into the deeper, darker riffs of their origins, releasing Apocryphon in 2012. The Gothic medievalism is back, but it’s driven by a more juicily, exuberant melody galloping atop the firm and solid bass support. While terrors and evil still riddle the Apocryphon universe, there is a brightness in these songs that stems from the array of gorgeous and glorious heroes fighting the Good fight. Though having previously included numerous explicit references to existing fantasy literature, in this album The Sword mirrors their newfound instrumentality by creating a totally original world populated by their own denizens and plotlines. The band has also learned to break up its pummeling music, cycling between tempos and intensity. 20 After a powerful first three songs, The Hidden Masters’ introduction of the antagonists sails atop a lazy deluge of heavy, funky blues metal. After that casual making of acquaintances, we’re off again in Dying Earth, a song that while pulsing with hard rock is still somewhat subdued by the gravity of the subject. The Sword’s potent gushes of music propel the listener along a meandering and compelling river of heavy groove beginning in the second third of the album. The adjusting pace helps keep you sensitive to the music, keeping you from a desensitization to the continuous exertion of their metal. The eponymous last song, Apocryphon, begins with an alien computerized beeping before diving into a hard rock show finale. This is the song most similar to Warp Riders in execution, feel, and lyrics. The words draw the album to a close with a vague foretelling of a mythological afterlife while intertwining the universes of Apocryphon and Warp Riders. The Sword imbued the skill and personal flair they had developed in their last album into this revisitation of their initial interests and motifs. Apocryphon was how The Sword had been trying to sound all along. It took the genre they had so deftly embodied, and forged from it an impressive album of their greatest contribution to metal yet. 21 “Lou Reed is one of the most talented and influential musicians of all time.” 22 Lou Reed: More Than Just A Punk Rocker By Allyson Feitler W ith passing away of Lou Reed in May 2013, a rush of memories streamed the public as many remember the musical accomplishments of this once brilliant rocker. Lou Reed is one of the most talented and influential musicians of all time, although he never experienced the extensive commercial success of artists like David Bowie or Eric Clapton. Reed is most commonly known as the grandfather of punk; however, his musical talents stretch much further than that. He began his professional career in the 1960s as a singer and guitarist for the rock band The Velvet Underground. After the band broke up, he continued his career as a solo artist. He is known for his observational lyrics about the unglamorous, tough and grungy New York City where he grew up. His songs covered a range of controversial topics from sex and drugs to drag queens and hustlers. Musicians typically cite other musicians who influenced their work. Reed is unusual in that his sources of inspiration were often not musical artists. He worked closely with the poet Delmore Schwartz and artist Andy Warhol. Reed studied poetry with Schwartz and was influenced by his writing style. Warhol actually produced Lou Reed’s album and had a significant impact on his music, ensuring that Reed’s lyrics remained in their raw state. His lyrics were not sanitized for the purpose of appealing to conventional audiences. On the contrary, his songs, which tended to embrace the rejection of social norms, were often so harsh that they were shocking to mainstream audiences. In Lou Reed’s song “Heroin” he writes “Away from the big city/ Where a man cannot be free/ Of all the evils in this town. ” These lyrics embody the 23 rejection of society and draw upon both the philosophies of Allen Ginsburg and French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Reed was able to transform the messages of artists like the Beat poets and Andy Warhol into rock songs. Reed’s provocative lyrics often spotlighted and humanized people living on the fringes of society. 24 However, not all of Reed’s songs were filled with negative images of society. Some of his songs were sweet and simple and focused on more traditional subject matters. Reed’s “Pale Blue Eyes” is a beautiful song about yearning for love. Lou Reed has proven himself a very talented songwriter, with an extensive artistic span. Although most of the attention Lou Reed receives is due to his writing, his musical talent should not be overlooked. Lou Reed was always experimenting with different combinations of instruments and amplifiers. On the album sleeve of New York, Reed wrote about the different instruments he used to let people know how he got his sound. Lou Reed experimented with a wide variety of music. In Velvet Underground, Reed’s raw and energetic music paired well with their lyrics. Post Velvet Underground, Lou Reed’s solo career began with very straight rock n roll music. Then, Reed worked with David Bowie on his album, Transformer. The album is appropriately named as it marks Lou Reed’s transformation to a glam rock musician. Transformer took the pop undertone that was present in his older songs and used it as the focus of newer songs. Another turning point for Reed was his album Sally Can’t Dance. It was the beginning of punk rock. The lyrics in the album were very cynical as Reed flaunts his famous singsong voice. Reed used the guitar in a revolutionary way on Sally Can’t Dance, it was characteristic of a ringing electric guitar. This was Reed’s most successful commercial album. Lou Reed’s album Street Hassle marked the end of Reed’s punk rock days. Street Hassle became the first pop album to use binaural recording technology where two microphones are placed in the studio in an effort to capture the stereo sound of being in the room with the musicians. Throughout the rest of his life, Reed continued to experiment with many different musical genres. Lou Reed was an inspiration to a wide variety of musicians including Patti Smith, R.EM., The Sex Pistols, and Sonic Youth. He is considered to be influential to many different genres including glam rock, indie, new wave, and, of course, punk. He was a highly diverse and talented musician whose music and memory will endure lifetimes from now. 25 W ith the 10-year anniversary of his debut album, The College Dropout, occurring on February 10th, let’s take a look at one of the greatest hip hop artists of all time and how he revolutionized the hip hop genre. Kanye West was born on June 8, 1977 in Atlanta, Georgia. At the age of 3, his parents divorced and he moved to Chicago, Illinois with his mother. Growing up in Chicago, Kanye became deeply involved in its hip hop scene where his dream was to become a famous rapper. By Daniel Cohen The Eclectic Kanye West 26 He started rapping in the 3rd grade, writing music in 7th, and learning how to produce music at the age of 15. After high school, West attended Chicago State University. However, after only one year there, he decided to drop out in order to focus on a career in music. West began his musical career as a producer for primarily local artists. As his reputation began to grow, he eventually landed a job producing for Roc-A-Fella Records. Here, West produced songs for many artists and eventually was asked by Jay Z to help produce songs for his 2001 album, The Blueprint, where he achieved recognition and praise for his contributions. This recognition led him to produce songs for a handful of stars including rapper Ludacris and singer Beyoncé. album? To put it simply, Kanye West changed hip hop. In a time where many of the mainstream artists who had achieved success rapped about gangsters, the streets, and violence, Kanye chose a different path. He chose a path that was insightful and socially conscious. His songs included topics such as religion (“Jesus Walks”), family (“Family Business”), sexuality, prejudices and civil rights (“All Falls Down”), and personal struggles (“School Spirit” and “Spaceship”). As Rolling Stone put it, he “expanded the musical and emotional language of hip-hop…challenged all the rules, [and danced] across boundaries others were too afraid to even acknowledge.” He added a new dimension to hip hop by writing about personal experiences and observations. No longer “[he] expanded the were gun-holding gangsters the Despite his success as a producmusical and emo- only face of rap music, instead er, Kanye’s ultimate dream was offered music that spoke tional language Kanye to be a rapper. For some time, to the masses. People could still West had been shopping around of hip-hop…chal- have their hip hop music, but his own demo. Although he was lenged all the rules” now they were listening to songs denied by multiple record comto which they could relate. The -Rolling Stone panies, Kanye persevered. UlCollege Dropout was a defining moment for Kanye in the music industry. timately, Roc-A-Fella Records signed West to a deal in 2002. However, it was during the same Now on the 10th anniversary of the album’s reyear that West was faced with an unfortunate setlease, Kanye’s tweets are those of appreciation for back. On the way home from a late session at a the success of his album: “Ten years ago today we recording studio in Los Angeles, West fell asleep at the wheel and was involved in a near fatal car finally released what had been my life’s work up to that point: The College Dropout. I say ‘finally’ accident that left him with a shattered jaw. After because it was a long road, a constant struggle reconstructive surgery, which included his jaw and a true labor of love to not only convince my being wired shut, West returned to the recording peers and the public that I could be an artist, but studio to complete his debut album. In 2004, The to actually get that art out for the world to hear.” College Dropout was released and became a huge success. It debuted at number 2 on the Billboard 200 and sold nearly half a million copies its first And now that the world has not only heard his music, but embraced it as well, Kanye’s strugweek on the shelves. Two months after its release, gles are long gone. More than 10 years after The West’s album was awarded a platinum plaque College Dropout debut, West has made 5 more by the Recording Industry Association of Ameralbums and is not only one of the most influenica (RIAA) for selling more than a million coptial and celebrated entertainers of our generation, ies. Kanye went on to receive 10 Grammy Nombut he is also considered one of the greatest, if not inations at the 2005 Grammy Awards where The the greatest, hip hop artist of all time. At the age College Dropout was nominated for Album of the of 36, West is the most awarded musician for his Year and won Best Rap Album. In addition, it was age and is one of the most winningest artists of voted Best Album of the year by Rolling Stone. all time with 21 Grammy awards. Although he has had some controversial moments over the years, But what really made The College Dropout so sucit is impossible to deny Kanye’s contributions to cessful? How could a debut album become such the music industry. a hit? What separated it from any other hip hop 27 Inside: Jackson and The Funky Bunch T o try and get a sense of what types of songs members of the class would be performing, I sat down with Jackson Ulrich to ask him some questions about what influenced his group. The answers were insightful and, at times, surprising. AA: What is your groups name? JU: We’re Jackson and the Funky Bunch. AA: What is everyone’s role within the group? JU: Nate Howell, Alex Nunez, Dylan Keegan and I all function as singer/songwriters. Russell Madison does a lot of the behind-the-scenes creative stuff and some songwriting too AA: So what’s this new single coming out going to be called? JU: Our song is called “Cardinal Blues” 28 AA: What inspired the song? What artists influenced your song the most? JU: Muddy Waters inspired our song obviously, because it’s a 21st century rendition of “Hoochie Coochie Man.” But we get a lot of inspiration from other sources too: Dirt Nasty, 98 Degrees, Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch. You could even say Chuck Berry to a certain extent. AA: What style of music is your song? JU: Our song is blues, Chicago blues. Considering our song is based off the music of Muddy Water, the father of Chicago blues, we decided to stick with the original roots of the song. I think we all really enjoy that style. AA: What, if any, is the message behind your song? JU: Our song, Cardinal Blues, is an ironic take on the blues. Instead of impoverished African Americans living in the Jim Crow era within the south, we’re all relatively privileged white guys at an expensive, prestigious liberal arts college in New England. Unlike the true blues musicians, who had real problems and worries, our lyrics -- and to a certain extent, “our blues” -- have to do with being hung-over, having a hard time making a 10 am class, or being “Our blues’ have to do with being hungover, having a hard time making 10 am class, or being scolded by the Pastabilities guy (Tom) at Usdan.” -Jackson Ulrich scolded by the Pastabilities guy (Tom) at Usdan. It is both paying homage to guys like Muddy Waters as well as mocking ourselves. We hope that our audience will really get our message and find the contrast between our blues and those of Muddy Waters both humorous and thought-provoking. I mean our song is basically something every Wesleyan student can relate to. AA: If your group could collaborate with any musician who would it be and why? JU: We would probably collaborate with rapper Dirt Nasty. He seems like a funny guy who could really catch our drift. AA: Biggie or Tupac? JU: Biggie. Tupac’s song “I wrote this song in ‘94” is great, but nothing tops Biggie. But Snoop Dogg over Nas. AA: Who would you say the leader of the group is? JU: Well our band is called Jackson and the Funky Bunch. My name is the first word of our band’s name so I’m basically the leader. I’m sure that we’re all looking forward to the song “Cardinal Blues” when it drops later this week. By Anthony Arias 29 Donald Glover, a.k.a. Childish Gambino One of the most versatile talents of the decade with a new album Because the Internet by Caleb Haddad I t would be an understatement to say that Donald Glover, also known as Childish Gambino, is a versatile artist. Over the past few years, Glover has proven himself as not only an actor, most importantly on the show Community, but also a rapper, singer, comedian, and record producer. It seems as if whenever Glover puts his mind to something, he makes his project amazing and works his ass off to get there. Glover first came into the spotlight as part of the sketch comedy group “Derrick Comedy” at New York University. Around the same time, he started writing for the popular television show 30 Rock. In 2009, he gained a key spot on the television show Community as Troy Barnes. Glover played this role for five seasons and appeared in about 89 episodes. His musical career, however, is an entirely different entity. Glover released his very first mixtape in 2005 titled The Younger I Get, although it is not on the Internet. Glover released his second mixtape, titled Sick Boi, in 2008. Although I wasn’t able to find an official review of the album, the general consensus of smaller reviews is that his lyricism and production are both fair, but nothing special. Many consider Glover’s next mixtape Poindexter a step-up from Sick Boi. Farley Elliott, from laist.com says, “And for everything that Sick Boi was - well written, bass heavy, and even a little hard - it lacked some production quality and true mic presence. Thankfully on Poindexter, Gambino has kept the best and discarded the rest, leaving a fluid 14 tracks that make you want to stop toting your Tek-9 and pick up your 30 MacBook.”1 Even though Glover signed a two-year contract with Universal for Community around the time that this mixtape came out, his newfound acting job didn’t interfere with his music interests. In early 2010, Glover introduced two mixtapes titled I Am Just a Rapper, and I Am Just a Rapper 2. I Am Just a Rapper 1 & 2 got average ratings, but the general consensus was that they weren’t big step-ups from Sick Boi. Glover’s third official mixtape Culdesac was released in July of 2010, and received relatively great reviews in comparison to those of his previous mixtapes. Culdesac also appears to have received more official reviews, as well. Chris Lee from the LA Times names Glover the “Renaissance man of comedy and rap”, and calls Culdesac “an unexpected delight: a sungrapped cri de Coeur that’s as accomplished as any indie hiphop released this year.”2 After Culdesac, Glover released his first studio album Camp that was very successful in the rankings, but only received fair critic reception. The consensus from various reviews is that the album is inconsistent, but does include good lyricism and production.3 Glover’s next mixtape was introduced in 2012, titled Royalty. Royalty received very good critic reception, and was considered yet another stepup from his I Am Just a Rapper days. Rose Lilah from Hot 1 http://laist.com/2009/09/14/album_review_ childish_gambinos_poin.php 2 http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jul/19/ entertainment/la-et-glover-20100719 3 http://www.metacritic.com/music/camp/ childish-gambino New Hip Hop practically worshipped it, and said “Royalty provides so much content and variety on the songs it’s hard to condense it all into (what should be a short) review, but just know this: a lack of subject-matter is not what you’ll find on Royalty, nor a lack of beats.”4 In late 2013 Glover released his newest album Because the Internet. I consider Because the Internet to be one of his best albums, however the critic reception wasn’t as positive as some of his others albums. Metacritic’s “metascore” is a 64, based on the reviews of 26 critics, but its user score is an 8.4 based on 126 ratings.5 The way that Glover arranged the songs is interesting, as it is separated into four very different parts. The first part is angry and gritty, including some notable songs like I. Crawl, and II. Worldstar. The second part is more upbeat as illustrated in the song I. The Worst Guys, featuring Chance the Rapper. The next part of the album is mellower, and includes one of my favorite songs titled I. Flight of the Navigator, which sounds a bit far-out, but is a moving song inspired by a death that affected Glover. The album ends on more of an upbeat note, with some intriguing production. Glover has been an outstandingly consistent artist over the past decade, and I have no doubt that whatever he brews up next will be another step-up from his previous work. 4 http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/review-childish-gambino-s-royalty-news.2377.html 5 http://www.metacritic.com/music/ because-the-internet/childish-gambino 31