Rayrock - Engagement Plan - Version 1.0

Transcription

Rayrock Remediation Project
Community Engagement Plan
Elder’s Tour Rayrock – September 2014
Elder’s Update - March 2014
Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada
Contaminants and Remediation Directorate
June 2015
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YELLOWKN#674408 - v3
1. Project Description
The Abandoned Rayrock Mine Site is a decommissioned uranium mine located on Crown land, 145
kilometres (km) northwest of Yellowknife, 75 km northwest of Behchoko and about 30 km east of the
Snare River hydro station. The site is situated within the boundaries of the Tlicho Comprehensive Land
Claim Agreement (CLCA). Exploration and development occurred between 1954 and 1957 by Rayrock
Mines Ltd., with extensive surface diamond drilling. Over the period from 1957 to 1959, a total of
80,000 tonnes of ore were milled creating 208 tonnes of uranium precipitate.
2. Objectives
The objectives of the Rayrock Engagement Plan are to:
 Continue community understanding of the Rayrock Remediation Project;
 Increase community participation in the Rayrock assessment and remediation processes;
 Facilitate the exchange technical information and traditional knowledge (TK) regarding the
Rayrock Remediation Project.
3. Project Background
Tailings were deposited in north and south tailings piles and at a garbage dump. Rayrock tailings were
deposited un-neutralized; the pH of the tailings were around 1.7. In addition to the residual Uranium
from the ore, there were very high concentrations of copper and high concentrations of Arsenic, Lead,
Selenium and Zinc. Construction of the mine shafts created another source of potential radioactive
contamination through radon gas emissions from the adit and vent shafts.
Rayrock Mines Ltd. went into receivership and the site fell under the custodianship of Aboriginal Affairs
and Northern Development Canada (AANDC). The last recorded 3rd party interest in this site was in
1996, when G.M.D Resources Corp. Limited obtained claims. No activity remains in this area.
Environmental studies were conducted in the 1970’s and 1980’s on the Rayrock site. A June 1984 study
from M. Kalin at the University of Toronto noted “The water quality analyses suggest that the small
Lakes Alpha and Gamma may have been contaminated from the tailings. Sherman Lake and its drainage
system did not show evidence of alteration of water quality due to the mining and milling activities.” A
July 1985 study by Hatfield Consulting Limited stated “Some of the highest levels of Radioactivity
recorded for any Uranium mine tailings in Canada have been documented at this site.” All buildings and
infrastructure on the Rayrock site were demolished in 1987 by AANDC Operations.
In 1994, EBA Engineering consultant Ltd. completed a remedial option analysis for the remediation of
the exposed tailings. The recommended option for the tailings remediation included covering the tailings.
Public Works and Government Services Canada (PWGSC) prepared a Decommissioning Plan in 1995
that outlined a remediation program intended to inhibit further migration of the contaminants from the
tailings areas to the surrounding environment. The remedial action implemented was covering of the
tailings with fine-grained fill. Other activities completed during the remediation were:
 Disposing of highly radioactive contents of barrels at the waste dump.
 Disposing of hot spots at the waste dump.
 Any activities at the adit, mine site, or ventilation shafts.
Subsequent reports noted that the remedial work to cap the north and south tailings piles also included
sealing the mine adit and vent shafts, removing radioactive materials from the dump and disposing of
contaminated dump material on the tailings piles. This partial remediation was completed in 1996.
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Several assessments have occurred, since the partial remediation, to quantify the risks presented by the
sections of the Rayrock site that had not been remediated. The residual site risks at Rayrock include, but
are not limited to, the following:
Contaminants
 Approximately 1300 m3 of exposed radioactive tailings in the Lodging area southeast of the mill
and along the tailings line between the mill and the Tailings Containment Area (TCA);
 PHC and metal impacted soils; and
 Residual exposed radioactive tailings at the margins of the TCA.
Waste Materials
 Combustible non-hazardous debris ( 50 m3);
 An unlined waste dump containing unknown wastes (circa 1950 to 1990) and which remains
without instrumentation for leachate monitoring;
 Non-combustible non-hazardous debris (450 m3); and
 Asbestos-containing materials (80 m3).
Physical Hazards
 Above-grade building foundations, broken glass, and miscellaneous mine debris;
 Unstable waste rock piles, partially buried steel debris and utilidors; and
 Dense over-growth through the former trails on the site.
4. Archaeological Sites
There are no known archaeological sites in the Rayrock vicinity. The area of activity for the Rayrock
Remediation Project is exclusive to previously disturbed areas of the former mine. Disturbance of sites of
archaeological or historical significance will not occur.
An archaeological assessment was completed for the site in 2014. The assessment stated: “Besides the
materials associated with the Rayrock Mine, no new historic or prehistoric sites were identified.” The
archaeological assessment is attached as Appendix A.
5. Previous Community Engagement
In previous years, several Elders from the Tlicho communities have toured the Rayrock site to assess the
remediation completed and current site conditions. This, along with several community consultations to
present environmental monitoring results, has informed the Tlicho communities of the work that has been
done at Rayrock. During a mapping exercise in March 2012, key Tlicho Elders raised the issue of human
health, worker exposure and cancer related to the Rayrock site. During the 2014 Risk Workshop in
Behchoko, representatives from NT Department of Health, the Workers’ Safety and Compensation
Commission and FCSAP custodial Departments were present to provide presentations and answer
questions on the status of the Rayrock site. Elders from each of the remote communities were flown to
Behchoko to attend the meetings. Feedback from the workshop was very positive, with Tlicho Elders
agreeing that the site did not seem to pose a regional risk and that traditional land uses might resume in
the area. They wanted the remedial action at the site to be completed so they could have confidence in
the use of the area.
Elders were also taken on a tour of the Rayrock site in September 2014 and were actively engaged in a
TK study completed in the autumn of 2014. It was determined from the site tour that there is no
information available on Petroleum handling practices at Rayrock. Results from the TK study were
submitted in 2015.
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From 2015/16 forward, consultation will be completed with one Tlicho community updates per FY.
A tour of the Rayrock watershed is scheduled for 2015/16. This tour of the watershed down-stream of the
Former Rayrock Mine is intended to provide a combined western-science based ecological survey with a
traditional knowledge gathering tour of the watershed. The Tlicho have consistently expressed their
doubt that the watershed down-stream of the Rayrock Mine is safe for traditional land use. For over 50
years, this watershed has been avoided due to lingering concerns. The watershed tour had several general
objectives, including:
 To provide Tlicho Elders and hunters with an opportunity to observe the current condition of the
watershed in the context of potential future land use;
 To allow AANDC to collect water quality samples and opportunistic aquatic wildlife samples for
analysis of contaminants of concern; and
 To document, through written, photographic and video-documented media, the observations and
concerns of the participants for subsequent presentation to Tlicho communities.
The goal of the Rayrock watershed tour is to provide the Tlicho people with a first-hand account of the
condition of the watershed down-stream of the Rayrock site, while collecting scientifically defensible
samples of the ecological and environmental conditions encountered on the tour. The tour will result in a
combined report on the traditional knowledge gathered and the results of the scientific testing. The
results of the tour will be highlighted in the Tlicho community update.
The North Slave Métis Alliance has not been formally engaged.
6. Elders Committee
Site visits, community meetings, and briefings to the Tlicho Executive will remain an ongoing objective
during the project. The K’wetiia’a Elders Committee (KEC) was initiated in 2010/11, with the objective
of facilitating the sharing of scientific and Traditional Knowledge. The KEC Community Engagement
Plan is provided in Appendix B. The committee consists of members from AANDC, the Tlicho
Government and Tlicho Elders. A Detailed Communication Plan is still being developed to aid in future
public consultation, and will be one of the deliverables from the KEC.
Consultation and Tlicho engagement was steadily undertaken in 2014. A health risk communications
plan and presentations was developed and presented to the KEC and Tlicho in November 2014 in a risk
workout in Behchoko. The Risk Workout brought together several subject matter experts to educated the
public as to the actual risks posed by the Rayrock site and addressed the perceived risks that are attributed
to the site by the local communities. Additional updates on the Rayrock site will be provided in another
Behchoko community meeting in Q4 of 2015/16.
As the Rayrock Remediation Project proceeds, selected Elders from each Tlicho community will
participate in a formal Committee. Appendix C provides the organization chart for the Elders Committee.
The Elders Committee membership will consist of:
A.
Tlicho Elders - As keepers of traditional knowledge within the Tlicho Region, the Elders
have a vested interest in the ecological health of the Rayrock Remediation Project area.
Participating Elders will be chosen by their respective communities, will preferentially have
participated in previous Elder consultation at the Rayrock site, will share their TK and
concerns with the Elders Committee and will report back to their community leadership.
B.
Tlicho Department of Culture and Lands Protection Office (LPO) - With the mandate for
land management within their region, the LPO has a responsibility to communicate land use
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activities to their community members and leadership and other interested parties.
Representatives will be selected within the organization and may include Technical Advisors
as standing committee members. The LPO member(s) will share information and concerns
related to the Rayrock site and report outcomes back to their members.
C.
AANDC-CARD Rayrock Project Management Team (PMT) - Responsibility for the
overall project direction and decision making process rests with AANDC-CARD. The PMT
will provide technical information to the Elders Committee and incorporate shared
information as part of their decision making process. AANDC-CARD representatives have a
responsibility to report Rayrock Project outcomes back to the Senior Manager for AANDCCARD and the Director General for the Northern Contaminated Sites Program.
7. Elders Committee Function
To facilitate effective information exchange, the following techniques will be utilized:
 “Round‐table” meetings will provide a forum for equal, open discussions on project information;
meetings will be chaired by a selected Elders Committee member; translator(s) will be provided.
 Meeting Minutes, which document the discussions and information shared, will be distributed to
Committee members.
It is important that the Elders Committee members understand how information shared in the Committee
meetings is incorporated into the project decision making process. As part of this community engagement
process, AANDC‐CARD will share findings from site assessments, remediation and monitoring, as
applicable. Every effort will be made to ensure that the reports are presented in plain language.
8. Current Engagement
AANDC-CARD will be notifying the Tlicho Government (TG), through the Department of Culture and
Lands Protection Office, of our intent to apply for a Land Use Permit for the Rayrock. This notification
will be sent in June 2015. Based on preliminary discussions with TG representatives, there will be no
objections to the issuance of the permit.
The Rayrock site remains Crown land (site was not transferred to the GNWT as part of Devolution)
within the Tlicho Comprehensive Land Claims Area, so the TG is exclusively engaged. Other Aboriginal
groups are provided project updates out of courtesy, but are not regularly included in correspondence.
Interaction with the TG and other affected groups will be logged in the Engagement Log provided in
Appendix D. The Tlicho Department of Culture and Lands Protection Office will continue to be the
primary contact within the TG.
The Tlicho were informed of AANDC-CARD’s intention to apply for a Land Use Permit during a
community update in Behchoko in March 2015. Another community Update for the Tlicho Region is
currently scheduled for late February or early March 2016, and will also be held in Behchoko. The
Rayrock Remediation program and the Land Use Permit will be a considerable part of this update. It is
currently anticipated that Elders Committee engagement will occur immediately prior to each community
Update. The Engagement Log, provided in Appendix D, has been completed to include project-specific
engagement events. Community engagement is an integral part of the AANDC mandate, and the Log
includes engagement activities since 2010.
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Appendix A
Rayrock Mine Archaeological Impact Assessment
Ecofor Consulting Ltd. March 2015
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FINAL REPORT
(NOT FOR PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION – SITE SENSITIVE DATA)
PERMIT NUMBER: 14-24 Class 2
Prepared for:
WESA
A Division of BluMetric Environmental Inc.
4901 – 48 Street
Ground Floor
Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P9
Phone: (867) 873-3500
Prepared by:
Ecofor Consulting Ltd.
#6B - 151 Industrial Road
Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2V3
Tel. (867) 668-6600
Heritage Resource Impact Assessment March 12, 2015
14-24 Class 2 Rayrock AIA Final Report
Prepared by:
Ecofor Consulting Ltd.
#6B - 151 Industrial Road
Whitehorse, YT Y1A 2V3
Tel. (867) 668-6600
Report Prepared for:
WESA
A Division of BluMetric Environmental Inc.
4901 – 48 Street
Ground Floor
Phone: (867) 873-3500
Also distributed to:
NWT Cultural Places Program
Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre
Education, Culture & Employment
Government of the Northwest Territories
P.O. Box 1320
Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9
Tłı̨ chǫ Lands Protection Department
Tłı̨ chǫ Government
P.O. Box 412
Behchokǫ ̀ , NT X0E 0Y0
Environment and Resource Manager
North Slave Métis Alliance
32 Melville Drive
P.O. Box 2301
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CREDITS
Report Author
James Mooney, MA
Editors
Cherie Kenya, MA
Daintry Chapple
Mapping
Laura McKersie, Dipl. Tech.
Supervisor
James Mooney, MA
Field Assistants
Pierre-Luc Fortin, MSc (Ecofor)
Noel Drybones (Tłı̨ chǫ elder)
Samuelle Lamuelle (Tłı̨ chǫ wildlife monitor)
Renee Ekendia (Tłı̨ chǫ job shadow)
Leon Sanspariel (Tłı̨ chǫ wildlife monitor)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Ecofor Consulting Ltd. (Ecofor) prepared this report for WESA, a division of BluMetric Environmental
Inc. (WESA), on behalf of Northern Contaminated Site Group, Public Works and Government Services
Canada (PWGSC). This work is being funded through the Federal Contaminated Sites Action Plan
(FCSAP).
James Mooney and Kevin Wilson (Owner) would like to thank WESA and the Government of Canada
for the opportunity to conduct this project. We would also like to thank Tłı̨ chǫ citizens Noel Drybones,
Sammuelle Lamuelle, Renee Ekendia, and Leon Sanspariel for their participation, and Patti Garbutt the
logistics Coordinator of the Contamination and Remediation Directorate (CARD) of Aboriginal Affairs
and Northern Development in Yellowknife.
Finally, we would like to thank the Ecofor staff and the Tłı̨ chǫ participants for their high quality of work.
Ecofor is solely responsible for any errors evident in this report. The opinions and/or recommendations
presented herein are ours and do not necessarily reflect those held by the NWT Cultural Places Program
of the Government of the Northwest Territories.
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MANAGEMENT SUMMARY
Cultural resources staff of Ecofor Consulting Ltd., (Ecofor) completed the fieldwork for this assessment
on September 5th, 6th, and 7th, 2014 on behalf of WESA, a division of BluMetric Environmental Inc.
(WESA), and Northern Contaminated Site Group, Public Works and Government Services Canada
(PWGSC). This work is being funded through the Federal Contaminated Sites Action Plan (FCSAP).
The field team for this effort consisted of James Mooney and Pierre-Luc Fortin of Ecofor, as well as Noel
Drybones (Tłı̨ chǫ elder), Samuelle Lamuelle (Tłı̨ chǫ wildlife monitor), Renee Ekendia (Tłı̨ chǫ job
shadow), and Leon Sanspariel (Tłı̨ chǫ wildlife monitor). Mr. Drybones assisted with the assessment each
field day September 5th, 6th, and 7th, Mr. Sanspariel assisted on September 6th and 7th, and Ms. Ekendia
and Mr. Lamuelle assisted on September 5th.
This proposed project is located within and around the Rayrock Mine which is located approximately
156 km northwest of Yellowknife, on the west side of Sherman Lake and is located within the traditional
territory of the Tłı̨ chǫ Government and the North Slave Metis Alliance. This archaeological assessment
was designed to review and record the historic structural remains of the Rayrock Mine area and to identify
any prehistoric sites and/or areas of potential for heritage resources across the greater mine site area. The
area in question consists of a main study area which is approximately 1.2 km wide east to west and 2.3
km long north to south. In addition, this effort included a review of a reported mineral exploration area
near the shore of Maryleer Lake to the north of the main study area, and a review of the most northerly
2.5 km of the access road into the mine site area.
The field crew communicated with WESA and Ecofor safety staff by GPS based SPOT check-ins, and
daily email summaries. The field crew carried a Corentium radon monitor and the readings were checked
each morning, evening, and periodically throughout the day. The crew also carried a Luxel+ radiation
dosimeter, and used one passive collection badge for the first field day, while a second badge was used
on the second and third field day combined.
Although no specific areas of potential impact were presented as priority areas to assess, the field team
addressed the survey efforts into four main tasks: 1) review and record historic structural remains; 2)
survey the northern area which is higher elevation; 3) assess the exploration area on Maryleer Lake; 4)
assess the northern ~2.5 km of access road to the mine site and the southern and central site area. Besides
the materials associated with the Rayrock Mine, no new historic or prehistoric sites were identified.
All of the structures at the mine site have been burned or removed and very little remains of the structures.
These remains consist of the decomposing and disturbed concrete foundations with scatter wood, metal
debris, small fragments of asphalt shingles, glass, ceramics, and mixed, melted materials. The current
remains identified reflect those from the mill, the crusher, screens & transfer house, the powerhouse, an
unknown building east of the mill, the compressor building, the boiler house, a staff house, cook house,
bunk houses 1 through 4, the manager's house, a series of five duplexes, and scattered disturbed remains
of structures likely to be wall tents, small houses, and the recreation hall and curling rink. Our team also
identified the power line poles heading north away from the mine area, and two of the sealed (concrete
capped and fenced) raise vents. Across the camp and mine site area the ground surface (where not
exposed hard rock) is disturbed and the original structures remains have been obscured by spread crushed
rock and miscellaneous debris.
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The field team also identified three areas of increased archaeological potential outside the mine site
central area which consisted of two areas with a higher probability to have been used as prehistoric camp
areas and a bluff shelter potential area. However, no prehistoric materials were identified. Due to time
constraints, the time spent in transecting this large area for prehistoric resources, did not provide full
assessment of the entire Study Area (1.2 km wide east to west and 2.3 km). A single spruce culturally
modified tree appears to have been stripped by hand and an increment core sample was collect to attempt
to learn when the tree was stripped. The spruce is alive but the date was not identified due to poor wood
density. The scaring on the tree indicates a basal "V" and the tree may have been stripped within the
historic use period of the mine site. No evidence of a previous exploration camp was found by fly-over
around the shores of Maryleer Lake directly north of the mine site.
No further work is recommended for the recording of the historic remains at the camp and mine site. If
any of the three areas of archaeological potential are planned for ground disturbing impacts then these
areas should be avoided, or be the subject of subsurface testing. If any additional areas that have not been
assessed, are planned for ground disturbing impacts, then those areas should be assessed prior to impacts.
Please Note: Due to a limit of three field crew days the entire Study Area was not transected. Additional
areas of archaeological potential and/or historic or prehistoric cultural materials, may be present within
the study area. Any areas proposed for ground disturbing impacts as part of ongoing remediation and
reclamation efforts that have not been assessed in this study, should be assessed prior to ground disturbing
impacts.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CREDITS ................................................................................................................................................. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................................................................................................... 3 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY .............................................................................................................. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................... 6 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES ...................................................................................................... 7 1.0 INTRODUCTION & PROJECT DESCRIPTION ........................................................................ 8 1.1 Scope of Project ..................................................................................................................... 8 1.2 Personnel ................................................................................................................................ 9 1.3 Report Format ........................................................................................................................ 9 2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ................................................................................................... 11 3.0 CULTURAL HISTORY ................................................................................................................. 13 3.1 Prehistoric Period ................................................................................................................. 13 3.2 Historical Background ......................................................................................................... 13 3.3 Rayrock Mine Site ............................................................................................................... 14 3.4 First Nations ......................................................................................................................... 20 3.5 Previous Heritage Investigations ......................................................................................... 21 4.0 METHODS ...................................................................................................................................... 22 4.1 Field Methods ...................................................................................................................... 22 4.2 Safety ................................................................................................................................... 23 5.0 RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................... 24 5.1 Previous Disturbance ........................................................................................................... 24 5.2 Prehistoric Resources and Recommendations ..................................................................... 24 5.3 Historic Resources and Recommendations.......................................................................... 25 6.0 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................. 34 7.0 REFERENCES CITED .................................................................................................................. 35 APPENDIX I – PROJECT MAPPING............................................................................................... 38 APPNDIX II – FIELD NOTES ............................................................................................................ 43 APPENDIX V – PHOTODOCUMENTATION ................................................................................. 71 6
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure 1. Rayrock Mine Archaeological Overview Assessment Map .................................................... 10 Figure 2. Rayrock Mine and camp circa 1957 (adapted from SENES 2010). ........................................ 15 Figure 3. Rayrock Mine and camp area with mill 1957 (adapted from Silke 2009). ............................. 16 Figure 4. North section of Rayrock Mine and camp circa 1957 (adapted from SENES 2010). ............. 16 Figure 5. Workers leaving bunkhouses for work. Adapted from the George Hunter Collection (NWT
Mining Heritage Society 2015). ....................................................................................................... 17 Figure 6. Rayrock Camp and Mine circa 1959 (adapted from Silke 2009). ........................................... 18 Figure 7. Materials remaining on site 2009 (adapted from SENES 2010). ............................................ 19 Figure 8. Post 1955 curling broom design (adapted from the SCC 1967). ............................................. 29 Figure 9. Rayrock Mines Ltd. truck passenger side door (EdgeYK 2015). ............................................ 32 Table 1. Areas of Archaeological Potential. ........................................................................................... 24 Table 2. Structural Dimensions and Primary Foundation Materials....................................................... 26 7
1.0 INTRODUCTION & PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The Rayrock Mine is located approximately 156 km northwest of Yellowknife, on the west side of
Sherman Lake and is located within the traditional territory of the Tłı̨ chǫ Government and the North
Slave Métis Alliance.
The Rayrock deposit was first staked in 1948 and the property was acquired by American Yellowknife
Mines Limited in 1953, and was renamed Rayrock Mine. After further exploration and sampling this
uranium deposit was further investigated by underground workings, and a milling operation began in
1957. This mine was in operation from 1957 to 1959 and produced a total of 80.045 metric tonnes of
uranium precipitate. The uranium concentrate was shipped to Port Hope, Ontario (PWGSC 2014). All
the buildings and infrastructure on the Rayrock Mine site was demolished by AANDC in 1987, and
PWGSC prepared a decommissioning plan in 1995. This plan was designed to prevent migration of
radioactive tailings to the surrounding environment and to reduce health risks. Partial remediation efforts
were completed in 1997. These efforts included sealing off mine adit and vent shafts, removing
radioactive materials from the dump, disposing of contaminated materials, and capping tailings piles.
Following the remediation work in 1996 and 1997, the mine site was the subject of annual monitoring
until 2009 under the Contamination and Remediation Directorate (CARD) as a requirement of the
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) licence for the site. SENES Consultants Limited
(SENES) conducted a supplemental monitoring program at the site in 2009 (SENES 2010). A new
monitoring schedule, with a varying schedule depending of the activity is currently in place.
The project proposes to move forward with ongoing ground disturbing remediation efforts (to be
determined). Impacts to heritage resources could include ground disturbances such as earth moving,
borrow pit operations and disturbance of the area.
1.1
Scope of Project
The primary objectives of this project were to:


document Tłı̨ chǫ and non-Tłı̨ chǫ use of the Rayrock site and surrounding area;
and to ensure culturally significant locations are left undisturbed.
Within the Terms of Reference for this archaeological work (PWGSC 2014) more specific objectives
were described as:
The goal of the archaeological investigation is to map and record historic mining structures
and infrastructure and prehistoric archaeological sites in the area of the Rayrock mine site
and any nearby area that may be accessed or affected through the remediation activities. This
work must be completed by an archaeologist qualified to work in the NWT. In addition, any
potential borrow sources for sand, gravel or rock, which could be used during remediation
will be examined for archaeological significance.
The methodology for this assessment will include the photography, mapping, measuring, and
footprint drawings of any buildings, foundations, pits, or other infrastructure still intact. In
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addition to recording historic structures, photos of artefacts exposed on the surface will be
taken. A photograph record should be provided of all site features.
A surface inspection of the area must be conducted for prehistoric cultural materials. This
will include examining all exposed soils or bedrock for artefacts. A shovel test program
should be conducted at all locations with intact or developed soils near the mine site as
potential borrow sources will be needed.
Please Note: The shovel testing segment of these goals was dropped from the scope of work prior to
field access. No shovel testing was conducted and no materials were collected. Due to a limit of three
days of field time the entire Study Area was not walked and surveyed, but emphasis was placed on
recording structures and sample survey.
These objectives were met through a combination of comprehensive pre-field research and systematic
archaeological field survey methods. Background research was conducted into the biophysical
environment, as well as into the history and previous archaeological investigations in the vicinity of the
Study Area.
1.2
Personnel
The field crew consisted of James Mooney and Pierre-Luc Fortin of Ecofor, as well as Noel Drybones
(Tłı̨ chǫ elder), Samuelle Lamuelle (Tłı̨ chǫ wildlife monitor), Renee Ekendia (Tłı̨ chǫ job shadow), and
Leon Sanspariel (Tłı̨ chǫ wildlife monitor). Mr. Drybones assisted with the assessment each field day
September 5th, 6th, and 7th, and Mr. Sanspariel assisted on September 6th and 7th, and Ms. Ekendia and
Mr. Lamuelle assisted on September 5th.
1.3
Report Format
Section 2 provides the environmental setting of the Study Area. Section 3 discusses the culture history
of the Study Area. Section 4 presents the methodology employed, including the survey, inventory, and
assessment. Section 5 presents the results of the resource inventory conducted and recommendations.
Section 6 summarizes the conclusions for the assessment. Section 7 lists the references cited. Three
appendices are included at the end of this report. Appendix I contains the project results mapping,
Appendix II contains copies of field notes, and Appendix III contains photo documents.
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KjPn-6
KiPo-1
KiPo-2
Rayrock Mine Study Area
KiPn-3
KiPo-3
KiPn-2
KiPn-1
KiPn-4
NUNAVUT
CAMBRIDGE BAY
INUVIK
KUGLUKTUK
KiPn-5
NORTHWEST
TERRITORIES
YUKON
Project Area
YELLOWKNIFE
HAY RIVER
BRITISH COLUMBIA
ALBERTA
SASKACHEWAN
FIGURE 1. Rayrock Mine Archaeological Overview Assessment Map
0
0.425
0.85
1.7
2.55
Kilometres
NAD 1983 UTM Zone 10
Date: 03/09/2014
Disclaimer:
NTS mapsheets 085N/07; 08; 09; 10 provided by Surveys and Mapping Branch,
Department of Energy, Mines and Resources. Previously Recorded
Archaeological Site Boundaries were obtained by the Ministry of Forests,
Lands and Natural Resources Operations Archaeology Branch's RAAD Sites
LEGEND
Archaeology Records
Rayrock Mine Study Area
2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
The physical environment is evaluated by first determining the location of the Study Area. The area is
then assessed based on several attributes that can affect the archaeological resource potential: ecozones,
topography, hydrology, geology, and forest cover.
The Northwest Territories has been divided into seven ecozones which in turn are divided into forty-two
(42) ecoregions. These areas are based on a combination of the geographic setting, bedrock geology,
watersheds and hydrologic regions, climate, glacial history, surficial geology, permafrost, soils,
vegetation and wetlands, wildlife, fish, and insects within each ecoregion and zone.
The Study Area is located within the western edge of the Taiga Shield High Boreal (HB) Ecoregion,
which covers the southwestern portion of the Taiga Shield (Northwest Territories Protected Areas
Strategy 2015). The Taiga Shield extends from Labrador west to the Northwest Territories, and covers
approximately 330,082 km2 within the territory (Ecosystem Classification Group 2008). The landscape
is dominated by exposed bedrock plains and rolling bedrock uplands consisting of eroded Precambrian
mountains and volcanoes. The landscape has been heavily influenced by glacial activity and is
characterized by numerous lakes, eskers and upwash in the south, and a mixed black spruce and trembling
aspen forest cover with dense jack pine cover associated with rocky outcrops (Ecosystem Classification
Group 2008).
As noted above, the Taiga Shield HB Ecoregion is further subdivided into a variety of more regionalized
ecoregions based on localized features. The Study Area is within the Great Slave Upland HB Ecoregion,
which is a sloping bedrock plain extending northeast from the Great Slave Lake East Arm. This local
region is characterized by nearly level bedrock with till and lacustrine deposits, and a mixed forest cover
of black spruce, jack pine, and paper birch (Ecosystem Classification Group 2008).
The topography throughout the region is predominantly undulating to rolling Precambrian granitic rock
and bedrock, with thin till deposits towards the southern Ecoregion boundary. The Great Slave Lake
Upland HB Ecoregion consists primarily of fractured granite relieved by thin galciofluvial deposits built
up between rocky outcrops (Ecosystem Classification Group 2008). Soils are generally nutrient poor and
include Brunisols and Organic Cryosols depending on drainage (Ecosystem Classification Group 2008).
The generally nutrient poor soils are relieved by nutrient rich lacustrine deposits in low-lying areas
towards the western edge of the Ecoregion.
The Ecoregion has short, cool summers accompanied by cold winters with annual mean temperatures
ranging from -3°C to -6°C. Permafrost is generally discontinuous, and the terrain is characterized by
hummocky to rolling bedrock and boulder till, which limits organic growth. One of the Environment
Canada climate monitoring stations relatively close to the Study Area is in Yellowknife. The daily
average temperatures in this area can vary significantly. For seven months of the year the daily average
temperature is below 0 °C and can reach temperatures as low as -50 °C with the wind chill. From May
to September the daily average temperature is above 0 °C. The total annual precipitation according to
climate normals (1971-2000) for this area is 280.7 mm (Environment Canada, 2015). Snowfall
contributes about half of the total precipitation for the year with the maximum snowfall typically in
November which has an average amount of 34.2 cm (Environment Canada, 2015). Forest cover is
generally discontinuous and bare bedrock exposures often lack soil and forest development. Vegetation
11
is dominated by black spruce stands with lichen and shrub understories, as well as dense jack pine cover
on exposed bedrock and in burn areas. Lower elevation areas towards the eastern end of the Ecoregion
consist of a predominantly mixed white spruce and trembling aspen forest cover (Ecosystem
Classification Group 2008). Labrador tea and bog cranberry are also characteristic of the understory, and
lichen cover dominates on areas of exposed bedrock and thin till (Ecosystem Classification Group 2008).
The Taiga Shield HB Ecoregion is home to a variety of wildlife. The abundant lichen communities of
the ecoregion provide ideal winter foraging habitat for barren-ground caribou, which are present from
late fall to late spring. As ungulate predators, the presence of both timber and tundra wolves in the
ecoregion is dependent on the caribou populations. Woodland caribou are less prevalent, but are present
within the ecoregion north of Great Slave Lake. The ecoregion also provides optimal marten habitat, and
as a result the species are common throughout the lowlands northeast of Great Slave Lake. The lowlands
of Great Slave Lake also provide ideal moose habitat, although populations are low due to hunting and
other population pressures. Theses productive lowlands are also home to high black bear populations.
Also present within the Ecoregion are: wood bison, barren-ground grizzly bears, lynx, red and arctic
foxes, mink, wolverines, weasels, beavers, muskrats, and hares (Ecosystem Classification Group 2008).
Avifauna common to the Ecoregion include: osprey, eagles, hawk species, owl species, grouse species,
as well as water birds and shorebirds. The Great Slave Lowlands play an integral role in the territories’
water bird populations, including breeding aquatic birds, particularly grebes and dabbling ducks. The
area is also pivotal for migratory bird populations, including Sandhill Cranes, and shorebirds such as
Upland Sandpipers (Ecosystem Classification Group 2008). As well, the Ecoregion is home to a small
breeding population of Harlequin Ducks (Ecosystem Classification Group 2008).
12
3.0 CULTURAL HISTORY
This Study Area has not been the subject of many cultural resource studies or investigations. Therefore,
in order to build a context for the area’s likely cultural resources, the prehistoric and historic past land
use of a larger area is summarized.
3.1
Prehistoric Period
Archaeological investigations suggest that occupations of the North Slave region of the NWT dates to
approximately 8,000 years Before Present (B.P.). The earliest identified archaeological period is the
Northern Plano tradition, defined primarily by the presence of lanceolate spear points. The tradition may
have entered the region from the south following the retreat of glacial conditions. Plano occupations have
been described at Acasta Lake (Noble 1971) and Grant Lake (Wright 1976), and on the Thelon River
(Harp 1961).
The period between approximately 6,500 and 3,500 years B.P. is relatively poorly represented. It appears
to be associated with a warming trend and an expansion of forest cover, resulting in changes in
technology and behaviour. An increased diversity in food procurement strategies may have been
employed, along with a decreased reliance on big game. This period has been referred to variously as the
Archaic or Shield Archaic (Wright 1972), and its continuity with previous cultural phases is unknown
but may have developed in situ from Plano groups. Characteristic lithic tools include corner-notched
projectile points (presumably used with atlatls or spear-throwers). Archaic sites appear to have been more
broadly distributed than Plano ones (Gordon 1996).
The appearance of the Pre-Dorset or Arctic Small Tool tradition (ASTt) is believed to have coincided
with a period of cooling around 3,500 years B.P. Associated with Paleo-eskimo groups, it appears to
have moved south from the Arctic and focused on caribou hunting. Variations of the tradition are found
throughout the subarctic regions of northern Canada (Gordon 1996). Lithic tools associated with the
tradition include small, well-made projectile points (possibly the earliest use of bow and arrow
technology). Lithic tools tended to be made of better quality materials and a wide variety of tools were
made (Gordon 1996, Noble 1971, Wright 1981).
The Taltheilei tradition replaces ASTt by approximately 2,500 years B.P. This tradition is associated
with the ancestors of the Dene. Tools tend to be made from local quartz, quartzite, shale, and siltstone,
with occasional use of copper. Taltheilei occupations are known from both barrenland and forest
environments, and the people appear to have been focused upon caribou hunting (Gordon 1996, Noble
1971, Wright 1981). Taltheilei artifacts include a variety of point styles from lanceolate to cornernotched.
3.2
Historical Background
The Historic period (post-A.D. 1750) features increasing amounts of Euro-Canadian trade goods and
changes in habitation patterning. Metallic artifacts become more common, as do glass and other
manufactured materials. After the arrival of missionaries in the mid-19th century, mortuary style shifts
13
from simple interment (often in a flexed position) to ones involving grave furnishings such as coffins
and fencing.
The present territory was created in 1870 with the transfer of lands of the Hudson’s Bay Company to the
new Dominion of Canada. Initially covering most of western Canada, the Northwest Territories (NWT)
were gradually reduced in size through annexation and division. The current territorial boundaries
roughly approximate the old Mackenzie District, with the addition of some Arctic islands and minus the
portions in the east which have since been ceded to Nunavut. The territory was administered from Ottawa
until the territorial government began to accrue more powers in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
The territory is administered from the territorial capital of Yellowknife, as well as by several selfgoverning Aboriginal areas that are the product of land claims settlements. Aboriginal peoples make up
roughly half of the territorial population.
The economic value ‘north of 60’ became apparent in the decades following the 1897-98 Klondike gold
strike (which occurred when the area now known as the Yukon was within the NWT). The first mapping
of the NWT was done by students of the Geological Survey of Canada at Great Slave Lake in 1900.
Numerous gold strikes were reported in the Nahanni River area, in the Mackenzie Mountains, and at
Great Slave Lake during this time. Silke (2009) reports that the first substantial mineral rush into the
NWT followed oil strikes at Norman Wells in 1921, and radium and silver finds at Great Bear Lake in
1930. Exploration was aided by aerial survey and bush plane access. High-grade gold was discovered up
the Yellowknife River in 1933 and a rush in staking led to creation of Yellowknife in 1937. World War
II caused many mine projects to cease operations, at least for the duration of the war. After the war had
ended, the pace of exploration and development increased dramatically, facilitated by the development
of highways and rail lines into the territory and the greater availability of commercial aircraft. In the post
WW II era nuclear developments and the Cold War played a significant role in uranium exploration and
mining. In recent decades, diamond mining has become increasingly important to the territorial economy,
and while base metal mining is still significant so has become the remediation of former mine sites.
3.3
Rayrock Mine Site
Ryan Silke prepared a historical summary of the mine which is, in turn is borrowed from heavily here
(Silke 2009). This area was first staked by Sandy and Hubert Giauque in 1948, then restaked by M.
Martin in 1950 and 1951. These claims were then acquired by American Yellowknife Mines Ltd in 1953,
and the company was renamed in 1954 as the Rayrock Mines Ltd. In the following two years a great deal
of surface diamond drilling was completed and underground work to better test the deposit began in
1954. Results were good enough that a small milling plant was brought in and 250 tons of equipment and
supplies were brought to site by tractor and airplane in 1955. The main portal was opened in April 1955
and underground exploration and milling on surface continued through the year. In the first quarter of
1956 another 2,500 tons of material and equipment was brought in by tractor and building of the mine
and camp facilities were undertaken in the summer season of 1956 and most buildings were closed to
weather by November 1956. A transmission line from the Snare River hydroelectric plant was begun in
late 1956 as well. The 56 km road to the mine was completed from May to November of the same year.
The heavy materials needed for the mill construction were brought into the site during the winter of 19561957. A significant amount of construction also was completed in 1958 including the addition of new
houses, the recreation hall and curling rink, addition to the warehouse, and a 2,400 ft airstrip. A basic
chronological sequence of images is provided below (see Figures 2 to 7).
14
Milling operations began in June 1957 with low-grade surface stockpiles and then commercial production
began in November of 1957. The mill structure was 144 ft x 106 ft which included a Denver ball mill
and a Dorr rake-type classifier. Pulp from the grinding circuit was pumped into the leaching circuit which
included a Dorr thickener, agitation tanks and oliver filters. The filtrates were clarified, purified and
concentrated in an ion exchange system, then neutralized. The resulting precipitate was washed and dried
and sealed in drums and shipped to the Eldorado refinery in Port Hope, Ontario (Silke 2009).
The mining and production at Rayrock ran from 1957 until its closure at the end of July 1959. During
these production years the population of the camp appears to have hit a peak in 1959 with a variety of
employees consisting of the following subtotals by duties: mining 54; shops 17; general surface 13;
contractors 19; mill 19; laboratory 8; cookery 12; and office 13. These people lived on-site and the largest
number of staff lived in four bunkhouses for single men with a capacity for 140 persons, followed by a
staff house which was designed for 14 persons. The town site had almost twenty residences including
four duplex units. In 1957, records indicated there were 12 families which included eight school pupils
who attended a small school house somewhere on the property (Silke 2009).
Following ongoing mining and exploration problems based mainly on the troublesome and hard to define
ore body, the mine was closed at the end of July, 1959. Following closure all buildings and infrastructure
were destroyed in 1987 by AANDC. Since the 1990s the site has been the subject of many environmental
assessment and monitoring efforts.
Figure 2. Rayrock Mine and camp circa 1957 (adapted from SENES 2010).
Note there is no large mill in the background of the image.
15
Figure 3. Rayrock Mine and camp area with mill 1957 (adapted from Silke 2009).
Figure 4. North section of Rayrock Mine and camp circa 1957 (adapted from SENES 2010).
16
Figure 5. Workers leaving bunkhouses for work. Adapted from the George Hunter Collection (NWT
Mining Heritage Society 2015).
Note image is presenting a view looking southeast across the north side of bunkhouses 1 through 3,
which shows a timber cribbed support for power pole and incinerator.
17
Figure 6. Rayrock Camp and Mine circa 1959 (adapted from Silke 2009).
Note Manager’s house and only four duplexes are depicted north of Alpha Lake, as well as three small
structures across the road from duplexes.
As part of the environmental assessment and monitoring work at the site, additional mapping has been
prepared such as that in the SENES reporting. In their 2010 report they identified which foundation
remains, and infrastructure were visible at the time (2009) and depicted these in red highlighting (see
Figure 7).
18
Figure 7. Materials remaining on site 2009 (adapted from SENES 2010).
19
3.4
First Nations
The Rayrock Mine site is located within Tłı̨ chǫ Community Government lands, within the Traditional
Territory of the Tłı̨ chǫ First Nation. The Tłı̨ chǫ (or Dogrib) are a Dene group situated east of the
Mackenzie Valley and north of Great Slave Lake. The Project area also shares a history of traditional use
with Métis people (represented by the North Slave Métis Alliance).
The Dene are a group of related speakers of northern Athabaskan languages who are distributed from the
Yukon to Manitoba. Contact with Europeans began with the 1789 voyage of Alexander Mackenzie down
the river that now bears his name, which was then called Dehcho. The various Dene groups interacted
with Euro-Canadian traders and other agencies principally through the Fur Trade. Missionaries entered
the region in the 1860s, but otherwise the Dene remained geographically isolated and culturally insulated
(Helm 2000). Traditionally, the Dene were organized into family units (bands) whose activities, mobility,
and composition were somewhat fluid (Helm 2000). This fluidity afforded some degree of flexibility and
resilience in a harsh ecosystem. The ancestors of the Dene likely followed a seasonal round somewhat
similar to other groups living on the Canadian Shield, aggregating around productive food sources in
spring and summer, and dispersing in winter for purposes of hunting and trapping. Unlike more southerly
groups such as the Cree, the Dene were less universally focused on the summer harvesting of fish and
more on caribou. Some groups residing inland resembled their southern neighbours, but groups living
closer to the barrenlands migrated in spring to intercept migrating caribou herds. Social aggregations
occurred in summer as the herd movement peaked, followed by a retreat to the forest in colder months.
Increasing participation in the fur trade affected Dene land-use and occupancy patterns, as did the
adoption of European technologies (Smith 1981). There is also evidence that the historical land use and
occupancy patterns of the Dene people exhibited expansion, shrinkage, and shifts that paralleled variation
in the ranges and movements of the caribou herds they relied upon (Kendrick et al. 2005). Mineral
exploration in the North Slave region picked up in the 1930s, and with it increased opportunities for wage
labour. Economic activity increased greatly in the decades after World War II, including governmentsponsored initiatives such as highway construction and the Cold War radar bases which had an effect on
labour across the region. Dene communities became increasingly sedentary during this period as outside
social services were established in the North such as schools, nursing stations, and government offices.
The oral traditions and ethnographies of the Mackenzie Dene were first documented by Mason (1946)
and Osgood (1928-29; published 1932). Later work was conducted by Helm (1961; 2000) and Jarvenpa
(1998). General trends in subarctic hunters were summarized by Helm, Rogers and Smith (1981), an
ethnographic overview of the Chipewyan was written by Smith (1981), and changes in the Fur Trade
were discussed by Ray (1974; 1990).
The Métis are a hybrid group descended from Aboriginal and Euro-Canadian parents, later coming to
form a distinct cultural unit. Some Métis in the North Slave region are related to Métis groups from the
south, including the Red River Métis and groups from central Saskatchewan, but many have developed
in situ following long-term contact between Dene and Euro-Canadians. The Métis overlap with the Dene
across most of their range, and their occupations are often difficult to distinguish from those of other
groups on the basis of material culture alone.
20
The Dene and Métis are known to have used many traditional camps, lookout sites, hunting areas, berry
patches, and trails across their traditional territory with extensive use of rivers and lakes. The Dene are
known to have followed a seasonal round of activities based on the lands resources and the changing
seasons. Both groups have a precise understanding of their environments and the resources and features
upon them, an understanding developed by generations of living on the land.
A great deal of Tłı̨ chǫ or Dogrib traditional knowledge of the Rayrock Mine site and surrounding area
was collected and presented in The Trees All Changed To Wood (DRRC 1997). This report consists of
interviews of Dogrib elders prepared by DRRC personnel in 1996. This report discussed the importance
of First Nation local inhabitants as the best people to monitor changes to the inclusive living and nonliving environment or ‘nde’. This research focused on elders who had first-hand participatory experience
before and after the mine and knowledge of oral histories passed down through generations.
Of particular interest, in regards to predicting the location of high potential sites for archaeological
resources, was the comments regarding use of the area prior to the mine. Only a very brief summary is
presented here. The area was well known for the big rock and people used the area many different times
during the year for a variety of tasks and purposes. People travelled to the rock area by canoe or dogsled
and slept on the rock. This elevation, when the wind was down, was a great vantage point to listen for,
and watch for, game such as moose. The area was also known to be a good location for trapping and
hunting a variety of fur bearers such as rabbit, muskrat, beaver, lynx, as well as fishing, picking roots,
berries and medicine plants. Other resources hunted in this area included ptarmigan, geese and ducks.
This area was well known and accessible as it was just off the Įdaà Trail (DRRC 1997).
3.5
Previous Heritage Investigations
No previous heritage assessment work was conducted at this mine site area. The closest recorded Borden
sites are located approximately 3 km to the southwest along the Marian River (KiPn-3 and KiPn-2) while
others are located to the west, southwest, and south (KiPn-1, Kipo-3, KiPo-1, KiP0-2, KiPn-4, KiPn-5).
Another site (KjPn-6) is located to the Northeast on the Emile River. None of these sites will be impacted
by the project at this time, and none of these are likely to be impacted in the future by tasks associated
with this project.
21
4.0 METHODS
Efforts were split into research, fieldwork, and reporting tasks. Previous archaeological reports, project
related reports, records and maps in the larger project area were reviewed to determine the extent and
intensity of previous archaeological surveys and to help identify areas of archaeological potential.
4.1
Field Methods
Following background research and desk top potential assessments, field efforts focused on reviewing
and documenting historic remains and identifying prehistoric surface remains and areas of increased
potential for prehistoric remains. The goal of shovel testing areas of increased potential for prehistoric
remains was dropped from the current scope of work prior to fieldwork. The field crew time was limited
to a maximum of three field days and therefore the entire Study Areas was not assessed. Priority was put
on reviewing and documenting historic remains with limited survey of the higher ground to the north and
the access road to the south. Another goal of confirming or denying the presence of, and recording
mineral exploration efforts near Maryleer Lake north of the mine site, was accomplished by air survey.
During this assessment effort areas of moderate to high potential for prehistoric resources were noted,
GPS’ed and photographed. Historic features were reviewed and measured, digitally photographed and
more complex foundations were recorded with in field mapping. Due to time constraints detailed sketch
maps of all historic features were not produced. Field work was completed by a minimum crew of four
consisting of a principal investigator, an archaeological field technician, a First Nation wildlife monitor,
and a First Nation participant.
Heritage resources potential was determined by identifying site presence indicators using a variety of
resources including spatial mapping of water bodies, wetlands, and watercourses, as well as topographic
mapping, previously recorded sites in the larger area, and aerial photographs. Aerial photographs,
topographic maps, and orthographic images were used to determine prominent topography with high
potential for heritage resources.
The in-field assessments were conducted following the review of past records of sites found in the larger
area. A representative sample of the Study Area outside the mine site central sections was walked and
inspected. When historic structural remains were identified they were measured as best as possible with
a 30 m tape, and each area of remains was photographed and a point was taken with a hand-held GPS to
represent the structure's location. Additional information regarding life at the mine was provided by Noel
Drybones who spent some time at the mine as a young boy. His comments regarding the layout of the
camp and some of the activities at the camp (while in use and after closure) were noted. No materials,
other than a single increment core sample from the stripped spruce tree, were collected. No prehistoric
remains were identified and no Borden numbers will be requested.
If human remains were identified during operations, all work would have ceased in the area immediately
and the R.C.M.P would have been notified. If the R.C.M.P. and Coroner determined that the remains
were from a historic burial, the First Nation(s) and Government of the Northwest Territories would be
notified.
22
4.2
Safety
Safety planning, communications, recording and reporting for this fieldwork included the following
items:
1) A detailed Project Health and Safety Plan to Address Potential Hazards – Rayrock, prepared by
WESA that included communication procedure, general health & safety, safety protocols,
accident/incident reporting and investigation, site specific hazards, chemical hazards, and
emergency response.
2) A Rayrock Mine Site specific daily pre-work review and sign off sheet created by WESA which
was reviewed and signed off each day at site (included in Appendix II Field Notes).
3) An Ecofor daily worksite safety pre-work form completed each day (included in Appendix II
Field Notes).
The field crew communicated with WESA and Ecofor safety staff by GPS based SPOT check-ins, and
daily email summaries. The field crew carried a Corentium radon monitor and the readings were checked
each morning, evening, and periodically throughout the day. The crew also carried a Luxel+ radiation
dosimeter, and used one passive collection badge for the first field day, while a second badge was used
on the second and third field day combined. The crew also carried a SAT phone for emergency
communications. The field crew also included a wildlife monitor provided by the Tłı̨ chǫ Government.
Daily departures and arrivals for fieldwork were confirmed with Patti Garbutt the logistics Coordinator
of the Contamination and Remediation Directorate (CARD) of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern
Development Canada in Yellowknife.
23
5.0 RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Field work for this assessment on September 5th, 6th, and 7th, 2014. The archaeology staff conducted the
fieldwork from Yellowknife, with flights from Summit Air to Frank’s Channel to pick up Tłı̨ chǫ
participants, then on to Sherman Lake at the mine site. The crew assessed the proposed remediation area
on foot.
5.1
Previous Disturbance
The original mineral exploration and mining efforts impacted the camp and mine site area, the access
road cut in from the south, and a small road in a natural gully in the hard rock was cut to the southwest
of the mine site for access to the explosive storage and waste rock piles. Other impacts consisted of
building two tailings storage areas, an airstrip, roads around the mine site area and camp, and other
smaller ancillary facilities, like smaller power pole foundations and wall tents etc. Following the working
period of the mine, the entire mine site and camp area was intentionally closed and buildings were
removed and in most cases, the remains were burned, levelled or removed (significant features of the
infrastructure such as machinery etc.). These disturbances include removal of the machine shop, the mine
dry, the shops, office, warehouses, oil tanks, power station, and the burning of the remaining structures.
The closure work also included the filling and closing of the main portal, the raise vents, and the removal
of the explosives storage structure and other small shops. Most of the heavy use areas have been levelled
and backfilled with crushed rock. The general area is growing over with poplar and other vegetation
where soils are present. This area is also a concern due to alpha, beta, and gamma radiation emissions.
5.2
Prehistoric Resources and Recommendations
The Study Area was the subject of sample transects across the northeastern edge, the north central higher
area, the west central section and the access road and previous airstrip area in the south. No prehistoric
cultural materials were identified on surface and no subsurface testing was conducted. Three areas of
potential (AOPs) for archaeological remains were identified and are listed below in Table 1.
Table 1. Areas of Archaeological Potential.
Area of Potential 1 2 3 Datum Latitude Longitude ~ Size Landform Comments NAD83 NAD83 NAD83 63.450475 63.454393 63.449548 ‐116.539745 ‐116.541166 ‐116.558689 25 x 25 m 25 x 25 m 50 x 50 m Outcrop Bench Protected Draw Rock Bluffs Possible Campsite Possible Campsite Possible Bluff Shelters The first two areas consist of relatively level well-drained ground suitable for temporary or moderate
camp use. Each area also has south to southwest facing aspects and protected landforms that may have
encouraged previous use. Area 1 also included axe-cut stumps and saw cut stumps and metal can with
holes punched or cut into the rim. This area may have been subject to periodic firewood cutting for the
small houses and private use (Noel Drybones Personal Communication 2014). Area 2 was a relatively
level area that may have been a good winter camp. Area 3 is a general location along the south facing
steep rocky bluffs on the northwest side of the Study Area. This series of rock bluffs and overhangs also
24
provide protection from the elements and may have encouraged previous use. Impacts to these three areas
of archaeological potential are recommended to be avoided or designated as exclusion zones. If any
additional areas are planned to be impacted by ground disturbing impacts, that have not been assessed in
this study, then those areas are recommended to be assessed prior to impacts. These areas are presented
in Map 4 of Appendix I.
5.3
Historic Resources and Recommendations
The disturbed and decomposing concrete foundations of the mill, the powerhouse, and the unknown
small structure to the north of the mill are in the best condition and represent the largest industrial remains
at this mine site. These foundation remains represent the heaviest industry at the site and as such have
thicker, and deeper foundations than the rest of the remains. The power poles leading away from the
mill area to the north have been cut down and are very dry and in good condition. The water lines set in
a wood framing which ran across the mine site and camp area are in poor condition and little remains of
these water lines. Many of the structures which were built on rock outcropping have little to no remains
whatsoever. The duplexes and some of the structures appear to have been based on 6" thick, short
concrete pony walls at various elevations to adjust for sloping rock surfaces. Many of the structures such
as the duplexes, and the recreation hall, and curling rink (and others) were supported by small square
concrete footers (approximately 30 x 30 cm in plan-view with varying depth) with a vertical steel rebar
3/4" rod, set into the rock. In most cases the concrete is broken and damaged and in other cases only a
steel rod is set in the rock. In other areas it appears drill steel was used as foundation pins which were
drilled into the hardrock in a rectilinear pattern. These concrete footers and single steel rods mark the
outline of the foundations. Some of the structures listed as houses also appear to have been levelled with
wood footers and built on the rocks then burned in place. The bunkhouses and cookhouse are good
examples of where the footprint of the structures can be seen in a light ephemeral line of burned and/or
melted building materials including fragments of wood, nails, wire, insulation, and in some cases green
asphalt shingles.
The history of the Rayrock Mine has been presented in other documents and the general timeline of the
mine's life history is well known. Photographs during and after the mine use, and general site mapping
of the mine site and camp area, are available. As such the general content and context of the mine at the
time of use is available through known historic records and more is likely available if needed through
archival research and detailed informant interviews. For example the Northwest Territories Archives has
additional information including mixed media (NWT Archives 2015). The current efforts to map and
record the condition of the historic structural remains were limited to measurements, observations, sketch
maps and digital photography. These efforts recorded the current state of the mine site and camp area
components. At this time there are no additional known or proposed impacts to the historic structural
remains besides ongoing natural and radioactive decay impacts. As such, at this time, no further historic
documentation or archival research is recommended to manage the historic resources at the mine site.
The structural remains at this site, can be displayed by a decreasing order of structural strength and
material content and increasing degree of disturbance. In general the condition of these remains range
from fairly intact concrete foundations down to miscellaneous debris.
In general the order of more intact and representative and less structural remains are:
25
1) Concrete
2) Concrete & "Footers" (30 x 30 cm concrete poured pads with metal pins);
3) Footers & Pins (bare round steel or facetted drill steel set in hard rock);
5) Pins & Debris; and
6) Earthen Berm (just for explosive magazine).
Table 2 describes the general size and condition of the remains of dwellings and larger built structures.
Table 2. Structural Dimensions and Primary Foundation Materials.
Description Bldg South of Bunkhouse 1 Boiler Bunkhouse 1 Bunkhouse 2 Bunkhouse 3 Bunkhouse 4 Compressor Cookhouse Duplex 1 Duplex 2 Duplex 3 Duplex 4 Duplex 5 Equipment Shed Explosives Magazine Fuel Tank foundation Manager's House Mill Possible Shed near small house Powerhouse Recreation Hall & Curling Rink Small Bldg NE of Mill Small House 1 Staff House Timber Storage Shed General Dimensions (~North to South first) Not as clearly defined 5.1 x 8.3 m 17.7 x 8 m 17.7 x 8 m 17.3 x 7.5 m 8 x 16.3 m 10.8 x 6.2 m 10.5 x 21.1 m 8.7 x 20.2 m 8 x 17.2 m 7.4 x 16.3 m 3.8 x 16.5 m 6 x 13.1 m 2.5 x 3 m 7.6 x 10.8 m ~ 4 m diameter 5 x 13 m 32 x 44 m 4.3 x 5.8 m 17.8 x 6 m 8 x 80 m 4.9 x 4.3 m 3.4 x 7.1 m 22.9 x 8.7 m 2.5 x 6 m Foundation Materials Present Footers & Pins Concrete Debris & Pins Footers & Pins Debris & Pins Concrete & Footers Concrete Debris & Pins Concrete & Footers Concrete & Footers Footers & Pins Concrete Debris & Pins Wood frame Earthen Berm Footers & Pins Concrete Concrete Debris & Pins Concrete, Footers Concrete, Footers & Pins Concrete Debris & Pins Debris & Pins Wood frame/racks? Each of the major historic feature groups are discussed below.
26
Manager’s House and Duplexes
The remains of the manager’s house consists of a very short linear concrete pony wall with inset vertical
rebar along the north and east sides. It appears the west and south sides may have been constructed
partially on exposed hardrock. Miscellaneous burned wood fragments and concrete fragments were
visible within and near the footprint. Some of these materials may have been relocated from other areas
and/or recent modern campfires.
The remains of the duplexes consist of pony walls of various heights (duplexes 1 and 2) with vertical
rebar and a variety of concrete footers. These footers remained fairly consistent across the mine site and
are approximately 30 x 30 cm square with a ¾” metal pin in the center. Some of these footers are broken
and out of place, while others are in very good condition. In places where only pins are located they will
be described as bare pins.
Duplex 3 was set on a combination of footers and bare pins with no pony walls. The remains of Duplex
4 include a minimal pony wall along the north side (long axis) and it appears section of the remaining
three sides may have isolated concrete fragments. The remains of Duplex 5 consists of bare pins and
minimal debris. Duplex 5 had no pony wall or concrete footers.
The area to the north of the duplexes and across an access road was shown to contain three small houses
in Figure 5. This area was inspected but intact foundation remains were not identified. This area was
highly disturbed and contained crushed rock and mixed debris such as metal, plywood, milled wood,
scattered tin cans, brick fragments, ladder fragments, nails and wire. It is likely that structures in this area
may have been small and perhaps wall tents.
Boiler
The remains of the boiler building consist of broken and disturbed concrete pad fragments and what
appears to be the boiler itself is located to the southwest. Separate images of the partially buried and
flattened boiler are in Appendix III. Silke noted that a 100 horsepower Inglis electric boiler and a 100
horsepower Spencer boiler created heat to buildings (2009). Noel Drybones also noted on site that
firewood was cut in the area for use in the smaller structures and houses and some of the First Nation
people cut firewood for the camp (Noel Drybones personal communication 2014).
Cookhouse
The cookhouse area has been heavily disturbed and little to no concrete pony wall fragments or concrete
foundations fragments were visible except for a disturbed concrete fragment/block in the southwest
corner. The cookhouse area did contain miscellaneous burned building materials fragments and items
such as a knife, spoon, yellow brick fragments, and miscellaneous metal items. Silke noted that the
cookhouse was able to handle 125 men at one sitting (2009).
Bunkhouses and Staff House
The most northern bunkhouse (4) is represented by a pony wall of varying heights along the north, west
and east sides, concrete footers along the south side and bare pins within the footprint of the structure.
Bunkhouse 3 is represented by burned outlines of building materials, and bare pins. Bunkhouse 2 is
represented by concrete footers and bare pins and an outline of burned building materials. Bunkhouse 1
is represented by a burned outline and bare pins, and both southern entrance features are visible in burned
outlines in bunkhouses 1 and 2. Very little remains were identified in the area previously shown as the
27
staff house. This area has been heavily disturbed and is covered in scattered crushed rock, miscellaneous
building debris and no clear foundation elements were identified. One concrete fragment was in the area
thought to be the southwest corner.
The building south of bunkhouse 1 was not clearly defined with any remaining in-situ foundation
materials, but it did contain disturbed miscellaneous building materials. This same structure was labelled
“Cabin” in Figure 4 above, and is directly west of a series of at least nine smaller structures that appear
to be wall tents (see Figure 3). However it is interesting to note that no structures are noted in this area
in Figure 5 then several are depicted in an orderly fashion in Figure 6.
Recreation Hall, Curling Rink and Smaller Houses and Tent Frames
The area designated as recreation hall and curling rink in plan view mapping presented by SENES (2010),
appears to also have been used for lighter structures such as wall tents and small houses. When this area
was assessed, a total of 27 short concrete pony wall fragments, concrete footers, and bare pins were
identified however, no clear footprint of the Recreation Hall and Curling Rink were identified. It may be
that the series of concrete fragments and footers represent a series of structures and the curling rink may
have had a less permanent foundation.
Ironically, what appears to be a curling broom mid-section was identified at the southeast end of the
previously mapped curling rink area. This style of curling broom found on site is also interesting as it
represent a relatively recent change in curling brooms around 1955. Prior to about 1955 curling brooms
used in Canada were very similar to regular kitchen brooms in that the straw at the end of the broom was
about the same length and they were bound at the handle with three or four tight bindings. On the opposite
side of the bindings the straw was stitched to keep the straw roughly flat. This meant the straw would
widen out nearest the ice and the outside straws would break more frequently. In 1953, a new design of
curling brooms was prepared by Fernand Marchessault where by it had shorter outer straws or “skirt”
and longer inner sweeping straws with more bindings within the straw. He introduced these new brooms
in Canada in 1955 and they became very popular. In the following years his patent was the subject of
legal action in the Supreme Court of Canada (SCC 1967). It appears that the broom found on site may
be the newer style introduced after 1955 due to its internal bindings, and if so this would have been the
most up-to date broom available at the time in the late 1950s (see Figure 8).
28
Figure 8. Post 1955 curling broom design (adapted from the SCC 1967).
Also within this area was a white ceiling light fixture and miscellaneous building materials. At the east
end of this scatter was an isolated flight of six wooden stair treads and a section of a metal bedframe.
The set of stairs appears similar to one flight of entrance steps to the north side of Bunkhouse 1 in Figure
5. This series of concrete fragments, footers and pins may also have been used for small structures and
wall tent foundations first; then some of them may have been used for the Recreation Hall and curling
rink if it was completed after the circa 1957 (Figure 3 above) image was taken. Please note that in Figure
2 above, the mill is not present and therefore the mill and likely recreation hall and curling rink (and
other structures not present) were likely built after the image was made. In contrast, Figure 3 shows a
long cleared area (likely curling rink foundation) east of at least five structures (likely wall tents or light
structures) and north of two additional wall tents and two larger structures.
In the 2009 historical summary of Rayrock prepared by Ryan Silke, recreation was noted at the mine site
as provided by an indoor curling rink and recreation room with a café, games and a library. Based on the
image in Figure 3 above, the rink may have been in construction and appears to have been at least one,
maybe two sheets wide.
Two separate footprints of small structures were identified to the southeast of the mapped location of the
recreation hall and curling rink. These were recorded as a small house and a possible shed to the east of
the small house. Each of these foundations were represented by miscellaneous construction debris and
bare pins. The small house also included a scatter of clear and green bottle glass. The bottle glass and
other debris was consistent with a 1950s occupation.
Powerhouse
The remains of the powerhouse consist partially of a concrete pad with raised sections and pits for
associated electric generators, and a larger area as outlined by burned building materials and
miscellaneous debris. The southern half of the footprint contains the complex concrete footprint. The
northern half is not as visible since it is covered in disturbed crushed rock and debris but it appears to
29
have a lighter foundation if any. There are also four concrete footers to the east side of the concrete
foundation. In the figures above it appears there may have been a fuel tank on the east side of the
structure. Power to the mine was supplied by the Snare River hydro project but Silke noted that two
backup diesel generators (a Ruston and Crossley engine) were available to produce electricity with a
combined 400 horsepower (Silke 2009).
Mill and Unnamed Structure
The remains of the mill are the largest foundation footprint at the mine site and consists of three levels
of concrete (lower, middle, and upper). The northwest side appears to have been a truck ramp while the
heaviest concentration of concrete appears to have been in the southwest section with two raised
foundation elements. North of the mill a large amount of crushed rock covers the area of the crusher,
screens and transfer house. Short sections of low concrete pony walls, or foundation edges were identified
which appear to be part of the foundation for the covered transfers from the screens to the mill.
The purpose of the small unnamed structure to the east of the mill is unclear but due to the density of the
concrete foundation it likely represents a very heavy function perhaps designed to withstand significant
vibrations such as a backup generator or compressor station. There were no significant remains found in
the location of the power substation but a set of broken high voltage ceramic insulators were identified.
East of the substation the remains of heavy timbers were noted which may have served as foundation
supports for the fuel tanks between the substation and the powerhouse.
Utilidors and Waterlines
Evidence of the wooden utilidors running between the main structures was most visible in areas where
they had been buried such as southeast of the mill and under the road crossing east-southeast of the small
houses and curling rink. Other sections of these utilidors were represented by narrow linear ditches with
wood and building debris. These were visible near bunkhouse 2, the cookhouse, and some of the small
houses and the building south of bunkhouse 1. Other sections of what looked like saw-horses appear to
have been supports for waterlines or perhaps utilidors. These supports were found west of camp and east
of Mill Lake. Small sections of wood staved waterlines were also found to the west of the camp area and
to the east of Mill Lake. What appeared to be metal water lines were visible in the utilidor under the road
crossing east-southeast of the curling rink.
Compressor
The only visible remains of the compressor area consist of broken and disturbed concrete foundation and
a light scatter of miscellaneous building materials. These concrete foundations appeared to be thin and
disturbed similar to the boiler structure foundation materials. It is uncertain which compressors were in
this structure but Silke noted that air power (as the mining tools ran on compressed air), was supplied by
two electrified Bellis-Morcon air compressors, and that two backup compressors running on diesel were
also on site (Silke 2009).
Warehouses, Shops, Sheds and Fuel Tank West of Mill
No foundation remains were identified for the cold warehouse, warehouses, office, machine shops, or
mine dry. These areas were covered in disturbed crush rock pushed across the previous locations of these
structures. Of interest was a Vulcan anvil found on top of the crushed rock near what would have been
the southwest end of the cold warehouse. This anvil had a clear “15” (model number) marked on its lower
side and two marker’s marks on the sides. These anvils were produced by the Illinois Iron & Bolt Co., in
30
Carpentersville, IL also known as the American Skein & Foundry Company. This style of anvil was
manufactured from about 1875 to 1969 (Anvilfire 2015).
Upslope to the west of the mill were two fuel tanks as shown in previous images. A series of large wooden
timbers was found that may have been used to support the tank to the south while the tank to the north
might have been set on a series of twelve concrete footers. These footers are similar to the footers used
in the camp area but these still had ¼” plywood frames around the concrete. Within these footers were
the remains of a wooden ladder and miscellaneous timbers and lumber.
Between the raised hillside west of the mill, and the long west to east running rock slope, is a narrow
valley which runs east to west, upslope away from the portal and mill. Along this valley are the remains
of an access road to the explosive magazine. Prior to the explosive magazine is what appears to be the
remains of a wood storage area or shed on the north side. No significant foundation remains were
identified for this wood storage area and the wood and timbers may have been set on racks or stacked.
Further west towards the magazine, on the south side of the access road, is a second storage area with
the remains of shed. This shed appears to have been used to store equipment such as water lines, air lines,
valves, connectors, and mining hardware. The wooden floor of the shed was partially intact but no
foundation materials were visible.
Explosive Magazine
The remains of the magazine consist of a low earthen berm (~20 cm high) with the partial remains of
vertical square posts at the corners and entrance. The berm runs along the four sides of the structure’s
footprint except where the door is thought to have been set in the center of the south wall. The magazine
sits on the north side of the road, which at the magazine point makes a loop drive or turn-around. Very
little remains from the structure other than the wood backed metal door which was found south of the
magazine in the roadway, and the wooden copula vent hood set on the northeast part of the foundation
berm. It appears the copula and door may have been removed prior to demolition or burning of the
building. Other items found along the outer edge of the footprint include wire fragments and tar-paper
and asphalt shingle fragments.
Sealed Raises and Drill Core Storage Areas
The current field transects included two sealed raises. These raises had been sealed with concrete and
fenced. The fences and concrete appeared in good condition. The current efforts did not include visits to
the northern core stack on the ridge or the western core stack west of the vent raises. The transect along
the higher ground, also identified a collapsed tripod and engine block.
Utility and Power Poles
The transect to the east and on top of the ridge identified a single small utility pole foundation in the
lower marshy ground very near the eastern edge of the Study Area. This small foundation is
approximately 1 m square and is lined with decaying logs, and filled with cobbles and boulders. It is
uncertain what utility this foundation was for but it may have provided perhaps phone or power to an
isolated camp to the southeast. This utility pole was not expected to be the same size as the one
intentionally felled on the hardrock higher ground to the north and northwest.
The series of larger power poles intentionally felled along the higher ground are those from the incoming
Snare River hydro power line. This line ran from the northeast to the southwest down the slope across
31
Mill Lake and to the mill. A total of two single poles and one set of double poles were found aligned
northeast to southwest toward Mill Lake. These poles were in dry but good condition and they are
approximately 35 cm diameter near the base and approximately 12.8 m long.
Claim Posts
This mineral property and the larger area has been the subject of significant exploration and staking
efforts. Two multiple stake sets of claim posts were photographed as examples, one on the western edge
of the property and one in the northeast.
Access Road and Former Airstrip Area
The access road to the south is in fairly good condition for ATV use and walking and sections of the
roadbed seem to disappear near small ponds giving the appearance of a winter road. However this all
season road surface includes crushed gravel and prepared roadbed. A pulled culvert was found near the
southern edge of the Study Area.
A small scatter of 2” fire hose and minimal debris was found along the road south were identified. A blue
passenger side door from a truck was found next to the road at the south end of the airstrip area. This
door was painted with “FRENCHY’S TRANSPORT …” in white lettering which was overwritten in
light blue/green lettering “RAYROCK MINES…”. Based on similar images found online (see Figure 9)
the complete printing would likely be “RAYROCK MINES YELLOWKNIFE NWT”.
Figure 9. Rayrock Mines Ltd. truck passenger side door (EdgeYK 2015).
32
Noel Drybones stated that some soils from the airstrip area were removed and used to cover some of the
tailings and roads, and the area between the tailings was swampy and poorly drained until further efforts
were made to improve the ground surface (Noel Drybones Personal Communication 2014).
Rock Cairn
A large pile of water-rounded cobbles and boulders was identified near the northwest end of the air strip
area. This rock cairn is approximately 2 m in diameter at its base and is approximately 60 cm high. This
pile of rocks is set on exposed hardrock and a large sledge hammer and 8” spikes are at and near its base.
Also in the general area of the rock pile were a few snowmobile parts and burned logs.
Culturally Modified Tree (CMT) and Tin Can Dump
A single live culturally modified spruce tree was found to have been stripped on the north shore area of
Alpha Lake. The scar was approximately 40 cm long and about 12-15 cm wide and the height above
ground at the base of the scar was approximately 145 cm. The tree has partially overgrown the sides of
the scar and a clear basal “V” remains. The tree was cored and a sample was taken however the core
sample was not intact and partially decayed. No dates were recovered from the sample but the size and
conditions of the scar suggest that the tree was scarred within the historic use period of the mine site or
later. The area around the tree was inspected but no other CMTs were identified.
East of the culturally modified tree a tin can/metal dump was identified. This area appears to have been
used as a general dump from approximately the mine life time period. Included in the materials were
pots, wire cable, a wide range of tin cans (coffee cans, tobacco cans, tinned meat cans, sardine cans),
glass fragments, angle iron fragments, and a garbage can. This primarily metal refuse scatter was
approximately 8 – 10 m in diameter.
Maryleer Lake
As part of the field effort, the team was asked to attempt to confirm the presence of, and record, a possible
mineral exploration camp on the shore of Maryleer Lake. This lake was thought to be directly north of
the high ground above the mine site. Due to time restrictions the area was inspected from the air in a
series of passes only. Visibility was clear and the ground surface was visible. None of the six people on
board identified any historical features from the air. No historical remains were identified near or around
the shore of the lake. The location and naming of the lake in question and the exploration camp, may
have been mistaken and could likely be located further away from the mine site.
No further work is recommended for the management of the historic resources at the Rayrock Mine site
area. If additional areas are planned to be disturbed during remediation or reclamation efforts then those
areas should be subjected to archaeological impact assessment.
33
6.0 CONCLUSIONS
The history of the Rayrock Mine has been presented in other documents and the general timeline of the
mine's life history is well known. Photographs during and after the mine use, and general site mapping
of the mine site and camp area, are available. As such the general content and context of the mine at the
time of use is available through known historic records and more is likely available if needed through
archival research and perhaps detailed informant interviews. The current efforts to map and record the
condition of the historic structural remains were limited to observations, sketch maps and digital
photography. These efforts recorded the current state of the mine site and camp area components. At this
time there are no additional known or proposed impacts to the historic structural remains besides ongoing
natural and radioactive decay. As such, at this time, no further historic documentation or archival research
is recommended to manage the historic resources at the mine site.
In regards to prehistoric resources, none were identified, and only three areas of potential for prehistoric
resources were identified. If additional impacts are planned for any of these areas of potential then the
impacts are recommended to avoid the identified three areas, or subsurface testing is recommended in
these three areas in advance of the remediation work.
Due to the limited time on the ground to assess this large Study Area, if any specific areas are selected
for ground disturbing impacts, these areas are recommended to be reviewed by an archaeologist prior to
ground disturbances. This review may include desk top review, and/or in-field review and assessment.
34
7.0 REFERENCES CITED
Anvilfire
2015
Vulcan Anvils. Available at: http://www.anvilfire.com/anvils/donated_007.php
Clark, Donald W.
1981 Prehistory of the Western Subarctic, In: Handbook of North American Indians, Volume
6: Subarctic, edited by William C. Sturtevant, pp. 107-129. Smithsonian Institution
Press, Washington D.C.
1983
Is there a Northern Cordilleran Tradition? Canadian Journal of Archaeology 7(1):23-48.
Dogrib Renewable Resources Committee (DRRC)
1997 The Trees All Changed To Wood. Report Prepared by the Dogrib Renewable Resources
Committee Dogrib Treaty 11 Council for the Arctic Environmental Strategy Department
of Northern and Indian Affairs and Northern Development.
Drybones, Noel
2014 Personal Communication on Rayrock Mine site, September 2014.
Ecosystem Classification Group
2008 Ecological Regions of the Northwest Territories – Taiga Shield. Department of
Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories,
Yellowknife, NT, Canada.
EdgeYK
2015
Is Kam Lake Yellowknife’s New Old town? Available at: http://edgeyk.com/article/iskam-lake-yellowknifes-new-old-town/
Environment Canada
2015 Canadian Climate Normals 1971-2000 Station Data. (online)
http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?stnID=1706&lang=e&dCo
de=1&province=NWT&provBut=Search&month1=0&month2=12
Gordon, B. C.
1996 People of Sunlight; People of Starlight: Barrenland Archaeology in the Northwest
Territories of Canada. Archaeological Survey of Canada, Mercury Series 154. Canadian
Museum of Civilization: Ottawa ON.
Harp, E. Jr.
1961
Helm, June
1961
The Archaeology of the Lower and Middle Thelon, Northwest Territories. Technical
Paper No. 8. Arctic Institute of North America : Montreal QC.
The Lynx Point people: The dynamics of a northern Athapaskan band. Bulletin 176.
National Museums of Canada: Ottawa ON.
35
2000
The people of Denendeh: Ethnohistory of the Indians of Canada’s Northwest
Territories. University of Iowa Press and McGill-Queen’s University Press: Iowa Citu
IO and Montreal QC.
Helm, June, Edward S. Rogers, and James G.E. Smith.
1981 Intercultural Relations and Cultural Change in the Shield and Mackenzie Borderlands.
In: Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 6: Subarctic, edited by William C.
Sturtevant, pp. 107-129. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C.
Jarvenpa, Robert.
1998 Northern Passage: Ethnography and Apprenticeship among the Subarctic Dene.
Waveland Press: Prospect Heights IL.
Kendrick, A., P.O’B. Lyver, and Lutsël K’é Dene First Nation.
2005 Denésôliné (Chipewyan) Knowledge of Barren-Ground Caribou (Rangifer tarandus
groenlandicus) Movements. Arctic 58 (2): 175-191.
Mason, J.A.
1946
Notes on the Indians of the Great Slave Lake Area. Yale University Publications in
Anthropology No. 34, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1946.
Noble, W.C.
1971 Archaeological surveys and sequences in the central District of Mackenzie. N.W.T.
Arctic Anthropology 3: 102-135
Northwest Territories Archives
2015 Search – Rayrock. Available at:
http://www.nwtarchives.ca/item_results.asp?TrackID=279377
Northwest Territories Mining Heritage Society
2015 George Hunter Collection. Available at: http://www.nwtminingheritage.com/photogallery/all
Northwest Territories Protected Areas Strategy
2015 Northwest Territories Ecoregions for Conservation Planning.
Osgood, Cornelius B.
1930 The ethnology of the northern Dene. Dissertation. University of Chicago: Chicago IL.
Public Works and Government Services Canada (PWGSC).
2014 Terms of Reference, Archaeological Site Assessment for Rayrock Mine, NWT. Prepared
by PWGSC, issued July 2014.
36
SENES Consultants Limited
2010 Rayrock Supplemental Site Assessment and Monitoring Program. Report prepared for
Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, prepared by SENES Consultants Limitied,
Richmond Hill, Ontario.
Silke, Ryan.
2009
The Operational History of Mines in the Northwest Territories. Self-published:
Yellowknife NT.
Smith, James G. E.
1981 Chipewyan. In Subarctic, edited by June Helm. Handbook of North American Indians,
vol 6, W. C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C.
Supreme Court of Canada (SCC)
1967 Curl-Master Mfg. Co Ltd. v. Atlas Brush Ltd., S.C.R. 514, Date: 1967-05-23.
Ray, Arthur J.
1974 Indians in the Fur Trade: Their Role as Trappers, Hunters, and Middlemen in the
Lands Southwest of Hudson Bay, 1660-1870. University of Toronto Press: Toronto ON.
1990
Wright, J.V.
1972
The Canadian Fur Trade in the Industrial Age. University of Toronto Press: Toronto
ON.
The Shield Archaic. National Museums of Canada: Ottawa ON.
1976
The Grant Lake Site, Keewatin District N.W.T. Mercury Series, Archaeological Survey
of Canada, 47. National Museums of Canada: Ottawa ON.
1981
Prehistory of the Canadian Shield. In Subarctic, edited by June Helm. Handbook of
North American Indians, vol 6, W. C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington D.C.
37
APPENDIX I – PROJECT MAPPING
38
Rayrock Mine AIA Results Map 1
473
468
469
1:20,000
Mill Lake 470
472
466
AOP 3; WP 478
True North
Sherman Lake
0
150
300
600
900
1,200 m
Pole 1; WP 468
478
NAD 1983 UTM Zone 11N
LEGEN D
549 550
Alpha Lake
Ba se Fe atu r es
Beta Lake
Contour
548
Watercourse
Waterbody
Wetland
547
Acce ss
Road
Pole 2; WP 469
Tin Can Dump; WP 550
Gamma Lake
Asse ssm en t Fe a tu re s
546
Study Area
Assessed Area
481
Waypoint
Poles 3/4; WP 470
CMT; WP 549
NU
Cambridge Bay
Inuvik
Kugluktuk
NWT
AOP 2; WP 473
Rock Cairn; WP 547
Project Area
YK
Yellowknife
Hay River
SK
BC
AB
1:30,000,000
Truck Door; WP 481
Waterline; WP 472
AOP 1; WP 466
Date: 23/02/2015 (MM)
Figure 2
Rayrock Mine Results Map - South
#
*
Bunk
House 4
Cook
House
1:1,200
O
Bunk
House 3
0
10
Bunk
House 2
20
40
60 m
LEGEND
Bunk
House 1
Base Features
Small
House/Shed
Contours
Staff
House
Watercourse
(
!
Waterbody
Boiler
Small
House 1
Wetland
Access
Building
South
of BH#1
Road
Trail
Airstrip
Sewage
Assessment Features
Assessed Area
Waterline
#
*
d
(
!
Anvil
Broken High Voltage Insulator
Curling Broom
Footers
Manager's
House
Sealed Raise
Broken Concrete
Concrete
Duplex 3
Debris & Pins
Duplex 1
Duplex 2
NU
Duplex 5
Cambridge Bay
Inuvik
Duplex 4
Kugluktuk
NWT
Project Area
YK
Yellowknife
Hay River
SK
BC
AB
1:30,000,000
Date: 26/02/2015 (LM)
Building Northeast
of Mill
Tank Foundation Supports
Figure 3
Rayrock Mine Results Map - North
1:1,200
Mill Lake
0
10
O
20
40
60 m
Highest
Level
Up
LEGEND
1:150
Compressor
Base Features
Ramp
Down
Contours
Mid
Level
Watercourse
Waterbody
Mill Foundation
Lowest
Level
Wetland
Access
Building
Northeast
of Mill
Crusher
Road
Trail
1:800
Airstrip
Sewage
Assessment Features
Building
Debris
Assessed Area
Mill
Foundation
Waterline
#
*
d
(
!
Timber
Storage
Shed/Racks
Anvil
Broken High Voltage Insulator
Curling Broom
Footers
Sealed Raise
Broken Concrete
Concrete
Debris & Pins
d
Equipment
Shed
NU
Cambridge Bay
Inuvik
Approx.
Boundary
Powerhouse
Kugluktuk
NWT
Project Area
YK
Yellowknife
Hay River
Pit
SK
Pit
BC
Raised
AB
1:30,000,000
Pit
#
*
Bunk
House 4
Pit
Raised
Flat Area
Cook
House
Bunk
House 3
Powerhouse Foundation
1:250
Date: 26/02/2015 (LM)
Rayrock Mine AIA Results Map 4
1:7,500
True North
0
WP 473; AOP 2
75
150
300
450 m
AOP 2; WP 473
AOP 3; WP 478
LEGEN D
Ba se Fe atu r es
Contour
Mill Lake
Watercourse
Waterbody
Wetland
Acce ss
Road
Asse ssm en t Fe a tu re s
Sherman Lake
Study Area
Assessed Area
WP 466; AOP 1
Area of Potential
WP 478; AOP 3
Alpha Lake
Beta Lake
NU
Cambridge Bay
Inuvik
Kugluktuk
NWT
Project Area
YK
Yellowknife
Hay River
SK
BC
AB
1:30,000,000
Area of Potential Way Point Datum
1
2
3
466
473
478
Latitude
Longitude Approximate Size
Landform
Comments
NAD83 63.450475 -116.539745
25 x 25 m
Outcrop Bench Possible Temporary Campsite
NAD83 63.454393 -116.541166
25 x 25 m
Protected Draw Possible Temporary Campsite
NAD83 63.449548 -116.558689
50 x 50 m
Rock Bluffs
Possible Bluff Shelters
Gamma
Lake
AOP 1; WP 466
Date: 09/03/2015 (MM)
APPNDIX II – FIELD NOTES
43
APPENDIX V – PHOTODOCUMENTATION
71
14-24ASR Rayrock Report Photodoc
Heritage Impact Assessment
Photodocumentation
Permit: 14-24 Class 2
Development Area: Rayrock AIA
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Date: February 21, 2015
Manager’s
House view to
northeast
(Please Note:
all directions
by True
North)
Manager’s
House view
to southwest
Duplex 1 view
to west
Duplex 1
view to
westsouthwest
Duplex 1 view
to east
Duplex 1
view to
northnortheast
1
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Duplex 2 view
to west
Duplex 2 east
end - view to
south
Duplex 2 west
end - view to
south
Duplex 2
northwest
corner -view
to east
Duplex 2 east
end - view to
northeast
Duplex 3
northwest
corner
looking east
along north
side concrete
footers
2
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Duplex 3
northwest
corner looking
southeast
Duplex 3
southwest
corner
looking
northeast
Duplex 3
northeast
corner looking
southwest
Duplex 3
sample image
of concrete
footer with
center pin
similar
footers used
across site ~
30 cm x 30
cm
Boiler room
foundation
view to north
Boiler room
foundation
view to
southeast
3
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Boiler remains
detail view
southwest of
boiler
foundation
Boiler
remains
detail view
southwest of
boiler
foundation
Bunkhouse 4
west end view
looking east
Bunkhouse 4
west end
view looking
north
Bunkhouse 4
east end view
looking north
Bunkhouse 4
east end view
looking west
4
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Bunkhouse 4
east end view
looking south
Bunkhouse 4
detail view
of burned
building
materials
possible
fiberglass
insulation
Cookhouse
central detail
view knife,
spoon and
wooden object
Detail of
spoon and
wooden
object end
Detail of knife
Sample of
round metal
bar used as
foundation
pin
5
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Date: November 5, 2014
Cookhouse
view to eastsoutheast
Cookhouse
view to
westnorthwest
Sample of
brick in
cookhouse
area “NARCO
ET-4T-2533”
Sample of
drill steel
(top of
image) used
as
foundation
pin, and
burned edge
of
cookhouse
Utility pole
foundation
near southeast
corner of
cookhouse
detail view
Sample of
burned and
melted
asphalt
shingle
outline on
edge of
bunkhouse 3
6
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Bunkhouse 3
east side view
looking north
Bunkhouse 3
south side
view looking
west
Bunkhouse 3
north side
view looking
east
Bunkhouse 2
east side
view looking
north
Bunkhouse 2
north side
view looking
west
Bunkhouse 2
west side
view looking
south
7
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Bunkhouse 2
west side view
looking north
Bunkhouse 1
east side
view looking
north
Bunkhouse 1
east side detail
view looking
north
Bunkhouse 1
north side
view looking
west
Bunkhouse 1
west side view
looking south
Bunkhouse 1
south side
view looking
west with
burned
remains
outline of
entrance
8
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Bunkhouse 1
southwest side
view looking
west with
burned
remains detail
outline of
entrance
Remains of
structure
downslope
(south) of
Bunkhouse 1
west side –
view looking
south
Remains of
structure
downslope
(south) of
Bunkhouse 1
south side –
view looking
west
Remains of
structure
downslope
(south) of
Bunkhouse 1
north side –
view looking
east
Remains of
structure
downslope
(south) of
Bunkhouse 1
south side –
view looking
east
Remains of
structure
downslope
(south) of
Bunkhouse 1
west side –
view looking
north
9
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Road Crossing
over waterline
east of curling
rink - view
looking east
Road
Crossing
over
waterline
east of
curling rink view looking
west
Small House 1
north side
view looking
east
Small House
1 south side
view looking
east
Small House 1
east side view
looking north
Small House
1 detail view
bottle glass
10
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Small House 1
detail view
bottle glass
Possible
Shed marked
with metal
pins in hard
rock
Curling
Broom
fragment
found near
east end of
curling rink
Light fixture
found near
center of
curling rink
Stair section
and bed frame
at east end of
curling rink –
view to
northeast
North central
edge of
foundation
of curling
rink
structure –
view
northwest
11
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Sample footer
within curling
rink/recreation
hall detail
view
Duplex 4
Duplex 4
Duplex 4
Duplex 5
north edge
looking west
Duplex 5
east edge
looking
south
12
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Duplex 5
south edge
looking west
Duplex 5
west edge
looking
north
Anvil found in
cold
warehouse
area
Anvil found
in cold
warehouse
area detail of
maker’s
mark
Anvil found in
cold
warehouse
area oblique
view
Shops area
looking
south
13
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Shops area
looking north
Main portal
looking
north
Main portal
area looking
northeast
Main portal
looking east
Crusher and
transfer area
looking west
Screen area
looking
northeast
14
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Crusher area
looking west
Transfer area
with parallel
foundation
edges –
looking
northeast
Transfer
foundation
edge looking
northeast
Mill north
side,
northeast
corner
looking east
Mill northeast
interior
looking
southeast
Mill
northeast
corner
looking
southwest
15
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Mill east side
looking north
to northeast
interior corner
Mill
southeast
interior
looking west
Mill
southcentral
interior
looking
northwest
Mill interior
southwest
looking east
Mill interior
southwest
looking
northwest
Mill
southeast
area looking
northnorthwest
16
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Mill west side
looking north
to entrance
ramp
Mill west
side interior
looking east
Mill northwest
area looking
south
Mill interior
looking
southeast
Mill north side
looking east
along ramp
Mill north
central
extension
towards
transfer and
screens –
looking
north
17
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Mill southwest
exterior corner
looking
northeast
Waterline
under road
southwest of
mill –
looking
northeast
Detail of
waterline
under road
southwest of
mill
Unnamed
structure east
of mill
looking
northeast
Unnamed
structure east
of mill looking
north
Unnamed
structure east
of mill
looking
southwest
18
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Unnamed
structure east
of mill looking
east
Unnamed
structure east
of mill
looking
south
Compressor
area looking
north
Compressor
area looking
east
Compressor
area west side
looking south
Compressor
area eastside
looking
south
19
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Broken high
voltage
insulators in
area of power
substation
Timber
supports in
area of
reported oil
tanks, fuel
storage –
view
northeast
Powerhouse
looking south
Powerhouse
looking
southwest
Powerhouse
looking
northeast
Powerhouse
looking
northeast
20
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Powerhouse
looking eastsoutheast
Likely oil
tank wood
foundation
materials
looking
south
Likely oil tank
wood
foundation
materials
(above shops)
looking south
Likely oil
tank
concrete
foundation
footers
(above
shops)
looking
northwest
Likely oil tank
concrete
foundation
footers (above
shops) looking
southeast
Timberlumber
storage area
looking
westnorthwest
21
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Timber –
lumber storage
area looking
northeast
Likely
equipment
shed looking
southeast
Likely
equipment
shed looking
northeast
Explosive’s
magazine
north side
earthen berm
wall base
looking
northeast
Explosive’s
magazine west
side looking
south
Explosive’s
magazine
southwest
corner
vertical
square post
looking
northwest
22
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Explosive’s
magazine
center of south
side looking
east with
vertical square
post
Explosive’s
magazine
northeast
corner with
ventilation
copula
looking east
with
Explosive’s
magazine
wood backed
metal door in
circle drive
south of
magazine
looking south
square post
Explosive’s
magazine
door in
circle drive
after turn
over
Multiple claim
posts westsouthwest of
explosive’s
magazine
Deicing float
plane prior
to take-off in
Yellowknife
23
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Area of
archaeological
potential 1
looking
southeast
Utility pole
foundation
Felled power
pole 1
Felled power
pole 1
Felled power
pole 1
Felled power
pole 2
24
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Felled power
poles 3 & 4
looking
northeast
Felled power
poles 3 & 4
looking
northeast
Misc. building
debris east
side of Mill
Lake looking
east
Misc.
building
debris and
wood stave
waterline
east of Mill
Lake looking
east
Waterline
support east of
Mill Lake
looking east
Area of
archaeologic
al potential 2
in narrow
valley
looking
southeast
25
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Claim posts
east in valley
northeast of
power line
Collapsed
tripod near
engine block
Engine block
near collapsed
tripod
Sealed raise
with fence
looking
northwest
Shovel left
near sealed
raise looking
northeast
Sealed raise
with fence
looking
westnorthwest
26
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Larger sealed
raise looking
southeast
Larger
sealed raise
looking east
Area of
potential bluff
shelters, west
edge of study
area detail
Area of
potential
bluff shelters
detail
Area of
potential bluff
shelters
looking westnorthwest
Waterline
supports
looking ~
south, west
of main
camp
27
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Waterline
supports
looking ~
north, west of
main camp
Wood stave
waterline
section
looking
north, west
of main
camp
Misc. building
debris north of
duplex 5
looking west
Misc.
building
debris north
of duplex 5
looking east
Truck door
detail
“FRENCHYS
TRANSPORT
…”
overwritten
with
“RAYROCK
MINES…”
Sample view
of access
road looking
south
28
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
2” Fire hose
along access
road
Fire hose
detail
Section of
access road
that appears to
have sank
Sample view
of area at
north end of
previous
airstrip
looking ~
southeast
Sample view
of area at
north end of
previous
airstrip
looking ~
northwest
Rock cairn
looking ~
south
29
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Rock cairn
looking ~
northeast
Sledge
hammer at
rock cairn
detail
Federal
signage north
of airstrip area
Federal
signage
north of
airstrip area
South tailings
area
Culturally
modified
bark stripped
spruce
30
Photodocumentation
Client: WESA/PWGSC
Culturally
modified bark
stripped
spruce
Tin can
dump detail
Tin can dump
detail
Tin can
dump detail
Duplex area
looking south
Mine site
area looking
north
31
Appendix B
K’wetiia’a Elders Committee
7|Page
K’wetiia’a Elders Committee
Indian and Northern Affairs Canada Contaminants and Remediation Directorate
May 2011
8|Page
1.0
Project Description
The K’wetiia’a Elders Committee (KEC) is a forum for information exchange where Tlicho Representatives (Tlicho Elders and Tlicho Lands Protection Department) can share traditional knowledge and provide input to Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC) ‐Contaminants and Remediation Directorate (CARD) who, in turn will provide technical information to Tlicho Representatives. This sharing of information will enhance INAC‐CARD’s knowledge of the Rayrock site and assist with our decision‐making processes. 2.0
Objectives
The overall objective of the KEC is to share information between its members. This community involvement process will facilitate:  Increase the understanding of INAC‐CARD’s decision making processes for the Tlicho;  Increase understanding of Tlicho TK and concerns for INAC CARD;  Facilitate exchange of technical information and TK between INAC‐CARD and the Tlicho. 3.0
Project Background
The former Rayrock Mine Site was a uranium mine which operated from 1957 to 1959, and is within the Wek’eezhii management area, surrounded by Tlicho Lands as defined by the 2003 Tlicho Agreement. This site was remediated in 1996 and has been in short and long term monitoring since remediation. A full Project Background with historical information, current status, contaminants and risks of concern, as well as community involvement is provided in Annex A.
4.0
Committee Organization
Concerns over the former Rayrock Mine Site have been expressed by a wide range of interest groups including the Tlicho citizens, government departments and other parties. It is important that the interests of all parties are duly considered. To ensure each group has an opportunity to share information, the KEC will have membership from the following three (3) stakeholder groups, with up to 12 people on the committee: D.
Tlicho Elders ‐ As keepers of traditional knowledge within the Tlicho culture and as beneficiaries under the Tlicho Final Agreement, Elders have a vested interest in the ecological health of the Rayrock area. Participating Tlicho Elders will be chosen by Tlicho Lands Protection Department with each Tlicho community being represented. The Tlicho Elders will share their TK and concerns to the KEC and report Rayrock outcomes back to their communities.
E.
Tlicho Lands Protection Department (TLPD) ‐ With its mandate for land management within the Tlicho Region, the TLPD has a responsibility to communicate land use activities to Tlicho citizens and interested parties. TLPD representatives will be selected within their organization and may include a Technical Advisor. The TLPD representatives will share information and concerns related to Tlicho land management and report Rayrock outcomes back to their members. 9|Page
F.
INAC‐CARD Rayrock Project Management Team (PMT) ‐ Responsibility for overall project direction and decision making process rests with INAC‐CARD. The INAC‐CARD Rayrock PMT will provide technical information to the KEC and incorporate shared information as part of their decision making process. INAC‐CARD representatives have a responsibility to report Rayrock outcomes back to the Regional Director for CARD and the National Director for the Contaminated Sites Program. There will be a Chairperson for each meeting with the Chairperson rotating among the members, as agreed upon by KEC members. Minutes will be taken. 5.0
KEC Involvement Techniques/Activities
To facilitate information and exchange, the following techniques will be utilized:  “Round‐table” meetings ‐ will be used to provide the forum for equal, open discussion on information that each member would like to share. The meetings will be chaired by a KEC member and a translator will be provided to ensure equal opportunity for all members to communicate in their first language;  Meeting Minutes ‐ to document the discussions and information shared, meeting minutes will be taken and distributed to all KEC members as a mechanism to share information back to their respective groups.
6.0
Schedule
It is anticipated that two (2) “round‐table” meetings will be held annually, until the maintenance program is complete for Rayrock. Meeting minutes will be drafted and provided to members for review within one (1) month of the meeting. Meeting minutes will be drafted by INAC‐CARD, unless another KEC member requests to complete them. The meetings will continue through to project completion. The committee will be dissolved when the project has been completed.
7.0
Budget and resources
To facilitate the involvement of KEC members, INAC‐CARD will be responsible for funding the transportation of Tlicho Elders (identified in Table 1.0) from their communities to the location of the meeting(s). If logistics require that the meeting be completed over more than one (1) day, then accommodation and meals will be funded by INAC‐CARD for Tlicho Elders. INAC‐CARD will also provide funding for a translator. The KEC meeting(s) will be held at INAC offices, unless otherwise requested. 8.0
Feedback and Evaluation
It is important that the KEC members understand how information shared in the KEC is incorporated into INAC‐CARD’s decision making process. As part of this community engagement process, INAC‐CARD will share findings from site assessments, monitoring results and applicable monitoring/maintenance technologies with the KEC. Every effort will be made to ensure that the reports are presented in plain language. Potential monitoring/maintenance options required will be evaluated and preferred options selected with input from KEC members. Evaluation workout results will be reported back to the KEC by INAC‐CARD.
10 | P a g e
ANNEX A – PROJECT BACKGROUND Historical Information and Current Status The Contaminants and Remediation Directorate (CARD) of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC) is responsible for the management of the Rayrock Mine site. The site was remediated in 1996, following which both short‐term and long‐term monitoring programs have been conducted. A review of the 2007 long‐term monitoring report had identified the need for additional assessment work on the site and proposed recommendations for a comprehensive radiological survey, refining both the gamma radiation and ambient radon monitoring methodology. Contaminants and Potential Risks During the long‐term monitoring program there were observations of elevated gamma radiation readings, asbestos containing materials, and hydrocarbon staining around the mill and town site. These observations in addition to elevated gamma radiation levels around the periphery of the existing tailings caps, and settlement in some areas of the tailings caps indicated that there could be a need for more maintenance work at the Rayrock site. As a result of these findings, a more in‐depth review and assessment is required to assist with the development of future monitoring and potential maintenance strategies for this site. Community Involvement In addition to the observations on site, there has also been an increased public interest in the Rayrock site. Through the regular public consultation held by CARD within the Tlicho region, various Elders and community members have raised concern surrounding the overall site conditions at Rayrock, and have expressed an interest in gaining a better understanding of the potential human and ecological risks from the site. 11 | P a g e
Appendix C – COMMITTEE STRUCTURE AND MEMBERSHIP
K’wetiia’a Elders Committee Structure
K’wetiia’a
Elders Committee
(KEC)
INAC-CARD
Rayrock PMT
TLPD
Representatives
Tlicho Elders
INAC
Decision Makers
(Director-CARD,
NWT RDG, CSP)
Tlicho Government
(Tlicho Executive)
Community
members
12 | P a g e
K’wetiia’a Elders Information Sharing Committee Membership
Representative
Group
Tlicho Elders
Name
Community / Position
Philip Huskey
Noel Drybones
Harry Apples
Nick Apples (alternate)
Jimmy B. Rabesca
Narcisse Bishop
Louis Zoe
Joe Mantla
Jimmy Kodzin
Joseph Judas
Sjoerd Van Der Wielen
Georgina Chocolate
Albertine Eyakfwo
Behchoko
Behchoko
Behchoko
Behchoko
Whati
Whati
Gameti
Gameti
Wekweetii
Wekweetii
Tlicho Lands
Manager
Protection
Traditional Knowledge Researcher
Department
TK Assistant
GIS Technician
Antonia Dryneck
Administrative Officer
INAC-CARD
Ron Breadmore
Project Manager
Andrew Richardson
Project Officer
George Lafferty
Community Consultation Officer
NOTE: This list will be updated as needed to accurately reflect membership of the KEC at any given time
13 | P a g e
Appendix D – Community Consultation Log
COMMUNITY CONSULTATION LOG - RAYROCK
Organization
2010
Tlicho
Engagement
Method:
Date:
Purpose:
Update
February 23
TLICHO
Correspondence
March 16
To transcribe/translate the concerns,
questions and answers from Tlicho
Chief Executive Rayrock Mine
Monitoring Site Update Briefing held at
the 4th. Session of the Tlicho Assembly
in Wek’weeti’, NT. Copies to be
provided to Project Managers and
Officers to review; unanswered
questions should be addressed at the
next Public Meeting.
Tlicho Government Technical Advisor
request for Rayrock update from the
last 3-4 years
TLICHO
Correspondence
March 25
TLICHO
Correspondence
TLICHO
Invitation
From:
Invitation To:
Invitation
CC.
Discussion:
Commitments
Made:
Implementation:
Concerns
Raised - please
indicate by
whom:
Action Taken:
CIDM
#:
NA
- Ron Breadmore
- Melissa Munger
- George Lafferty
- Andrew Richardson
- Rebecca
Vanderspeigel
- Tlicho Government
Chief Executives
NA
- Overview of Rayrock Mine Monitoring Update
- Addressed questions from past Tlicho Government
representatives
- Provided some scenario of how Tlicho Elders can be
involved with the Rayrock Mine Monitoring process
- Suggested a committee of INAC Rayrock Project
Management Team with Tlicho Lands Protection Department,
Tlicho Government
Community
Involvement
NA
None
NA
488478
George
Lafferty
Ron Breadmore
Based on email from Tony Pearse
Science as
career
CFA Funding
None
Science as
career
489450
Technical Advisor meeting on Closure
Plans and Elders Involvement
George
Lafferty
Tony Pearse
Community
Involvement
CFA Funding
None
Community
Capacity
489452
May 31
Request to meet to develop ways to
involve Tlicho Elders on Rayrock Mine
Monitoring activities
George
Lafferty
Joline Huskey
Sam
Kennedy;
Melissa
Munger
Ron
Breadmore;
Melissa
Munger
Ron
Breadmore;
Laura
Duncan;
Eddie
Erasmus;
Melissa
Munger
Correspondence
June 1
Tony Pearse
Eddie Erasmus
TLICHO
Correspondence
June 2
Technical Advise (from Tony Pearse)
to Tlicho Lands Department on the
Rayrock Mine file
Tlicho Government requesting
summary on Rayrock activities and
draft of a TOR for the committee
Tony Pearse
George Lafferty
TLICHO
Correspondence
October 5
Request to schedule KEC meeting
George
Lafferty
Eddie Erasmus
Eddie
Erasmus;
Kerri Garner;
Joline
Huskey;
Melissa
Munger;
Bertha
Rabesca Zoe
Ron
Breadmore;
Georgina
Chocolate;
Laura
Duncan;
Albertine
Eyakfwo;
Mark
Fenwick;
Kerri Garner;
Zoe Henry;
Joline
Huskey;
Melissa
Munger;
Tony Pearse
Based on phone discussion between George and Joline,
propose to meet June 9th or 10th. Based on recommendation
from Feb. 23rd Executive and Council meeting to work with
Lands Department to establish committee
489342
Sent to George Lafferty via Tony Pearse (cc: Ron Breadmore
and Melissa Munger)
489356
Based on meeting between Tony Pearse, George Lafferty and
Ron Breadmore
489345
- date chosen on availability of Tlicho Technical Advisory and
INAC Project Officer;
- date proposed for 15 Nov.;
- update on Rayrock file will be presented;
- financial support for accommodations and travel offered
489252
14 | P a g e
Organization
TLICHO
Engagement
Method:
Correspondence
Date:
October 15
Purpose:
Proposal of Elders to participate in
Elders Committee
Invitation
From:
George
Lafferty
TLICHO
Correspondence
November
10
Schedule for 15 November 2010
meeting
Ron
Breadmore
Eddie Erasmus
TLICHO
Correspondence
November
17
Follow-up meeting with Tlicho
Technical Advisor and Lands Regulator
after 15 November 2010 meeting
Tony Pearse
Melissa Munger
2011
Tlicho
Correspondence
January 13
Proposal of Jan 20-21 meeting to talk
about revisions to the KEC TOR
Tony Pearse
George Lafferty
Melissa
Munger
TLICHO
Correspondence
February 18
George
Lafferty
Melissa Munger
Ron
Breadmore
TLICHO
Correspondence
March 9
Tlicho Government postponing the 2021 Jan 2011 meeting due to wanting to
review the TOR at their Feb. 25
meeting
Tlicho Government proposal of
meeting on April 4th to discuss the
revisions of the TOR
Tony Pearse
George Lafferty
Ron
Breadmore;
Mark
Fenwick;
Joline
Huskey;
Melissa
Munger
TLICHO
Correspondence
April 4
George
Lafferty
Ron Breadmore;
Melissa Munger
TLICHO
Correspondence
April 8
Tlicho Government proposing an April
7 and 8th meeting (one day Lands
Department, one day with Elders)
INAC proposing an April or May
meeting with Lands Department
(proposed various dates)
George
Lafferty
Joline Huskey
TLICHO
Correspondence
April 9
Setting up Spring K'wettia'a Elders
Committee Meeting
George
Lafferty
Joline Huskey
TLICHO
Correspondence
April 19
Setting up K'wettia'a Elders Committee
Meeting for 28-29 April 2011
George
Lafferty
Joline Huskey
Invitation To:
Joline Huskey
Invitation
CC.
Ron
Breadmore;
Georgina
Chocolate;
Eddie
Erasmus;
Melissa
Munger
Laura
Duncan;
Henry Zoe;
Tony Pearse;
George
Lafferty;
Melissa
Munger
Ron
Breadmore;
Eddie
Erasmus;
Joline
Huskey;
George
Lafferty
Discussion:
Base on June 9th meeting discussions
Implementation:
Action Taken:
CIDM
#:
489348
489353
489362
Based on conversation between George Lafferty and Joline
Huskey stating that Eddie Erasmus was available for those
dates
Based on email from Karri Garner to George Lafferty
explaining why postponement requested (Lands meeting,
Kerri on educational leave and Eddie running for Grand
Chief)
489430
489431
489434
Based on phone call between Joline Huskey and George
Lafferty
Ron
Breadmore
Mark
Fenwick
Melissa
Munger
Tony Pearse
Tony Pearse
Ron
Breadmore
Mark
Fenwick
Tony Pearse;
Ron
Breadmore;
Mark
Fenwick
Commitments
Made:
Concerns
Raised - please
indicate by
whom:
489340
489337
confirming date for spring KEC meeting
488480
confirming date for spring KEC meeting
488479
15 | P a g e
Organization
TLICHO
Engagement
Method:
Correspondence
Date:
April 28
TLICHO
Correspondence
May 24
TLICHO
Correspondence
May 31
TLICHO
Correspondence
TLICHO
Correspondence
Purpose:
Tlicho Government Lands Department
confirming that May 24, 2011 is
available to discuss KEC TOR in
Yellowknife (INAC and Lands
Department only, no Elders)
Rescheduling meeting for June 2011
Invitation
From:
George
Lafferty
Invitation To:
Mark Fenwick
Ron
Breadmore
Melissa Munger
Request to meet to develop ways to
involve Tlicho Elders on Rayrock Mine
Monitoring activities
George
Lafferty
Joline Huskey
August 9
Request from INAC to receive update
on Tlicho Governments position with
respect to the revised Terms of
Reference for the K'wettia'a Elders
Committee (KEC)
Ron
Breadmore
Mark Fenwick
August 15
Tlicho Government Lands Department
postponing response another week on
KEC TOR revisions
George
Lafferty
Ron Breadmore
Invitation
CC.
Ron
Breadmore;
Melissa
Munger
Discussion:
George
Lafferty;
Malcolm
Robb
Ron
Breadmore;
Laura
Duncan;
Eddie
Erasmus;
Melissa
Munger
Laura
Duncan; John
B. Zoe; Tony
Pearse;
Henry Zoe;
Melissa
Munger;
Christina
Gray; George
Lafferty
Melissa
Munger;
Christina
Gray
Based on INAC receiving Tlicho Governments Letter of
Understanding for the KEC, instead of revisions to TOR
(email to Joline Huskey and Tony Pearse from George
Lafferty)
Based on phone discussion between George and Joline,
propose to meet June 9th or 10th. Based on recommendation
from Feb. 23rd Executive and Council meeting to work with
Lands Department to establish committee
Commitments
Made:
Implementation:
Concerns
Raised - please
indicate by
whom:
Action Taken:
CIDM
#:
489330
489342
- request for update;
- description of proposed activities with the KEC;
- commitment to continue working together as INAC, Tlicho
Government and Tlicho Elders
475026
Response from Mark Fenwick (phone call) to George Lafferty
489329
2012
Not recorded
2013
TLICHO
Email
January 4
Science Camp - Photo Release Forms
A. Kenna
G. Lafferty
NA
Wha'ti Mezi Community School supply two photos of student
and Elder participation at Science Camp held in Wha'ti
Community.
To complete
Science Camp
Project in the
communities
CFA Activity
Some students
do not have
Photo Release
Forms signed
TLICHO
E-mail
January 14
Email from R. Breadmore
R. Breadmore
GL, JW
NA
Science Camp
NA
NA
TLICHO
Meeting
May 3
Meeting
G. Lafferty
NA
MEETING with Kerri Garner and Antonia
NA
NA
TG LANDS
E-mail
September 9
Tele-conference Meeting
K. Garner
R. Breadmore, K.
Garner A. Dryneck
R. Breadmore
NA
E-mail
September
10
Tele-conference Meeting
R. Breadmore
K. Garner
TIC
E-mail
Job Shadow
C. Black
E-mail
Job Shadow
R. Mackenzie
K. Garner, R.
Mackenzie
C. Black
Resumes' of potential candidates
TG LANDS
September
10
September
11
A. Dryneck,
G. Lafferty,
R. Mackenzie
D. Wheaton
To meet by
Tele-conference
Job Shadow
NA
CARD
To set-up meeting to discuss Job Shadow and Letter of
Support (Wildlife Research Permits),
To record tele-conference meeting at 1:30 pm
Photo Release
waiver
Contribution
Agreements
NA
CARD
E-mail
September
11
Call for Proposal
G. Lafferty
K. Garner
D. Wheaton
Possible selection of Elders Names and Job Shadow Names
provided
R.
Breadmore,
A. Dryneck
Revised Colomac and Rayrock Proposal and Budget
591044
CARD Team to
ensure Science
Camp Activities
included in CFA
Funding are
community
capacity
oriented; Two
Photos placed on
SDRIVE
NA
585473
NA
NA
NA
586707
NA
None at this
time
NA
586707
Science
Introduction
Science
Introduction
CFA Activity
To hire Tlicho
Youth
To hire Tlicho
Youth
608398
Community
involvement
CFA Activity
Science as
career
Elders
involvement
and Science as
career
CFA
Agreement
signature
needed
on-going,
follow-up
started
586807
CFA Activity
589997
16 | P a g e
Engagement
Method:
Date:
Purpose:
Invitation
From:
Organization
2014
Tlicho
Invitation To:
E-mail
February 19
Public Meeting
G. Lafferty
K. Garner
Tlicho
E-mail
February 21
Public Meeting
G. Lafferty
R. Breadmore, K.
Garner
Tlicho
E-mail
February 24
Update Meeting
G. Lafferty
S. Ekendia
Tlicho
E-mail
February 28
Update Meeting
G. Lafferty
Tlicho
E-mail
February 28
Reports
Tlicho
E-mail
March 4
Tlicho
E-mail
Tlicho
Invitation
CC.
Discussion:
S. Ekendia
R.
Breadmore,
S. Ekendia
M. Bolstad,
P. Garbutt, S.
Ekendia,
R. Breadmore
P. Garbutt
H. Zoe
G. Lafferty
S. Ekendia
R. Breadmore
2012-13 Report Rec'd
Update Meeting
G. Lafferty
S. Ekendia
Update Meeting schedule
March 21
Update Meeting
G. Lafferty
K. Garner H. Zoe
M. Bolstad R.
Breadmore,
P. Garbutt, K.
Garner, J.
Gowman, H.
Zoe, A.
Richardson
R. Breadmore
E-mail
June 6
Call for Proposal
G. Lafferty
A. Dryneck
Tlicho
E-mail
June 13
Call for Proposal
G. Lafferty
C. Zoe
Tlicho
E-mail
July 8
Call for Proposal
G. Lafferty
C. Zoe
Tlicho
E-mail
July 17
W.M. & J.S.
G. Lafferty
Tlicho
Site presence
August 20
Bear Monitor and Job Shadow
TG Lands
Tlicho
Site presence
September 5
Bear Monitor and Job Shadow
TG Lands
Tlicho
Site presence
Bear Monitor
TG Lands
Tlicho
Elder’s site tour
September 67
September
22
A. Dryneck A.
Richardson
Leon Ekendia; Leon
Sanspariel and Layah
Rabesca
Sam Lamouelle and
Renee Ekendia
Leon Sanspariel
K. Garner S.
Vanderwielen
R. Breadmore
N. Rabesca S.
Vanderwielen
R. Breadmore
N. Rabesca S.
Vanderwielen
NA
Review and view the current conditions
at the Rayrock site
Ron
Breadmore,
Andrew
Richardson,
George
Lafferty
Tlicho
Meeting
November
12
Tlicho Traditional Knowledge Study
start
Andrew
Richardson,
George
Lafferty
Noel Drybones, Harry
Apples, Joe Champlain,
Jimmy B. Rabesca,
Freddy Flunkie, Fred
Mantla, Alphonse
Apples, Louis Zoe.
Bear Monitors Hardy
Mantla and Leon
Sanspariel
DCLP Petter Jacobsen
and Georgina
Chocolate, Elders
Phillip Huskey, Harry
Apples, Noel Drybones,
Jimmy B. Rabesca,
Jimmy Nitsiza, Joe
Champlain, Louis Zoe,
Joe Mantla and Edward
Chocolate.
AANDC
AANDC
AANDC
Mohan
Denetto
(RDG),
Myranda
Bolstad, Sam
Kennedy.
Commitments
Made:
Implementation:
Concerns
Raised - please
indicate by
whom:
Action Taken:
CIDM
#:
Seeking date and place for meeting
Community
Involvement
CFA Activity
On-going
On-going
625340
March 5, 2014 date selected for the meeting
Community
Involvement
CFA Activity
On-going
On-going
625462
To inform Skye that we want 3 Elders from outlying
communities
Some Elder's provided
Community
Involvement
Community
Involvement
Community
Involvement
Community
Involvement
CFA Activity
On-going
On-going
628158
CFA Activity
On-going
On-going
628159
CFA Activity
None
NA
646446
CFA Activity
None
NA
646424
628381
626792
646455
To email TG materials used at March 5, 2014 Public Meeting
in Behchoko, NT.
Community
Involvement
CFA Activity
None
NA
P&B received
Community
Involvement
Community
Involvement
CFA
FNITP?
NA
644001
631568
628381
631555
657728
CFA
Signatures
needed
NA
P&B signatures needed - follow-up email
Engagement
CFA
Signatures
needed
NA
Seeking Names for Wildlife Monitor and Job Shadow
employment
Bear monitor and job shadow were engaged for the August
field program
Engagement
CFA
None
NA
P&B signatures needed
Bear monitor and job shadow engaged for the Day 1 of the
September field program
Bear monitor engaged for the Day 2 and 3 of the September
field program – Job shadow did not go.
The site tour consist of the aerial fly around to view the mine
shafts, access improvement on dock shoreline for Elders and
Tender process, tailings spill area, wood piping used for
tailings transfer, site debris like nails, steel and wood frame
left on-site, tailings cover liner repair viewing, view of drill
program completed in 2013, etc. AANDC RDG participated
in this site tour.
Andrew Richardson and George Lafferty met with
Department of Cultural and Lands Protection (DCLP) and the
Elders to explain how the TK Study Questionnaire is
completed. At start, each Elder is given the opportunity to
speak and provide his/her thoughts on the questionnaire.
Questionnaire completed by DCLP on November 12-13.
657971
655345
655342
657988
657974
667815
658972
Additional
study and clean
up
688250
17 | P a g e
Organization
Tlicho
2015
CARD
Engagement
Method:
Workshop
Letter
Date:
November
20-21
June 8
Purpose:
Rayrock Site Risk Workout
Letter Notification
Invitation
From:
Ron
Breadmore,
Andrew
Richardson,
George
Lafferty,
Jessica
Wilson,
Myranda
Bolstad.
R. Breadmore
Invitation To:
Phillip Huskey, Noel
Drybones, Edward
Camille, Jimmy B.
Rabesca, Jimmy
Nitsiza, Joe Champlain,
Louis Zoe, Joe Black,
Edward Chocolate,
Jimmy Kodzin, Joseph
Judas (regrets), Charlie
Football. Observers
Alfred Whane, Archie
Eyakfwo, Bella Tatsia,
Benjamin Pea’a,
Charlie Mantla, Charlie
Michel, Celine Tatsia,
David Drybones,
Edward Wetrade, Frank
Camsell, Francis
Washie, Gilbert
Rabesca, Garry
Drybones, Georgie
Mantla, Harry Apples,
Janet Rabesca, Joseph
Football, Joseph
Tsatchia, Jonas
Football, James
Football, Joe Erasmus,
Joe Tlokka, Marcel
Zoe, Mary Siemens,
Melanie Lafferty,
Michael Wetrade,
Margaret Drybones,
Peter Mantla, Pierre
Tlokka, ? Chinkon,
Therese Lafferty,
William Apples
S. Vanderwielen
Invitation
CC.
Other
departments
Janice
Forster,
Odette Bose,
Dr. Andre
Corriveau,
Jeremy
Roberts,
Peter Bengts,
Fred Bailey,
Sarah
Elsasser,
Jessica Pa,
Mike Nitsiza
and Joe
Mackenzie.
Tlicho
Government
Petter
Jacobson,
Georgina
Chocolate,
Albertine
Eyakfwo,
John B. Zoe.
NA
Discussion:
AANDC-CARD Rayrock Project Team met with Kweetii’aa
Elders Committee Members and Department of Cultural and
Lands Protection (DCLP) Staff at the DCLP Office. General
meeting held at Elizabeth Mackenzie Elementary School,
Behchoko, NT. George Lafferty introduces the Elders and
Ron Breadmore completed introduced the FCSAP expert
support, GNWT Health, WSCC reps, WLWB staff and
members. The meeting starts with Rayrock Remediation
Project update presented by Ron Breadmore and Andrew
Richardson. Other presentations were Odette Bose (Health
Canada), Lori Forrester (Environment Canada), and Janice
Lee (PWGSC). Andrew Richardson, Peter Bengts, Ron
Breadmore and Dr. Corriveau form the Rayrock Moderated
Expert Panel to answer questions. Some concerns and
questions were regarding the mine shafts, warning signs,
transportation route, fish and wildlife (safe to eat?), cancer
problems, compensations, tailings and garage on-site, Fortune
Minerals a concern now, water & fish testing, drinking water
is a big concern, want to return and use the land again. .
Commitments
Made:
Implementation:
Concerns
Raised - please
indicate by
whom:
New Permit
WLWB
NA
Action Taken:
CIDM
#:
Some concerns and questions were regarding the need for
clean-up, future generation to use, evidence of wildlife use in
the area, healthy moose population in the area, drinking water
concern, fish was good, fish test results will be given at the
next update meeting, the land is important to us and important
for us to use, how long will it take for the clean-up, how safe
are the ducks that travel through there, youth are not aware of
the problems, fish test is needed, once the site is cleaned many
will want to use the area again, this is an important harvesting
area, it is also important for spiritual well-being of the people,
caribou decline.
Site Risk Workout Recap completed by Ron Breadmore and
everyone participated on the Concerns Ranking Exercise.
Notification of TG of intent to apply for Land Use Permit
18 | P a g e

Rayrock - Engagement Plan - Version 1.0

Transcription

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