Insect Bible - Third Millennium Alliance

Transcription

Jama-Coaque
Insect Guide:
Bug Bible 1st Edition
by
Olivia Niziolek
Fall 201
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Cerambycidae Eburia (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name: Eburia sp.
Common name: Ivory Slashed Borer, Ivory Marked Beetle
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Location: Bamboo House, Manabi, Ecuador
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Collection Number: 10
Found by: Olivia Niziolek
Notes
Beetles from the family Cerambycidae are most commonly identified by their antenna being at least the
length of their body, usually extending to be three time their body length. The body is elongated and
cylindrical in shape, eyes partially/deeply noched by the base of the antennae, third tarsa segment bilobed
and their tarsal formula appears to be 4-4-4 but is actually 5-5-5. Adults feed on wood, roots, leaves and even
pollen and flowers. In the tropics many species feed on the sap of wounded trees. Adults are generally
solitary insects but during the mating season the males track down the females by scent (that’s what the
antenna are for) and will mate for several hours. The female lays the eggs in trees (not usually live trees)
after notching a groove in the wood. The grub are called round headed borers and tunnel in previously cut
wood. Sawdust around a hole in bark is a sign of the presence of these grubs. The largest longhorn beetle is
the Titanus giganteus at 6inches without the antennae.
Closely relative E. quadrigeminata is know to feed on a variety of hardwoods including oak, ash, hickory,
locust, chestnut, maple, elm, beech and cherry. The larva can be found in heartwoods. Their emergence can
be delayed and have been known to emerge from wooden furniture (like birch bookcases) 10-40 years
delayed. They seem to be attracted to light and adults may feed on rotting fruit and nectar.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Cerambycidae (Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name: Long Horned Beetle
Size
Length: over 5 cm w/o antenna, 14.5cm w antenna
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Beetles from the family Cerambycidae are most commonly identified by their antenna being at
least the length of their body, usually extending to be three time their body length. The body is
elongated and cylindrical in shape, eyes partially to deeply notched by the base of the antennae,
third tarsa segment bi-lobed and their tarsal formula appears to be 4-4-4 but is actually 5-5-5.
Adults feed on wood, roots, leaves and sometimes even pollen and flowers. In the tropics many
species feed on the sap of wounded trees. Adults are generally solitary insects but during the
mating season the males track down the females by scent (that’s what the antennae are for) and
will mate for several hours. The female lays the eggs in trees (no usually live trees) after notching
a groove in the wood. The grub are called round headed borers and tunnel in previously cut
wood. Sawdust around a hole in bark is a sign of the presence of these grubs. The largest
longhorn beetle is the Titanus giganteus at 6inches without the antenna.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Cerambycidae Trachyderes (Mandibularis)
Insect Name
Scientific name: Trachyderes (mandibularis)
Common name: Long Horned Long Jaw Beetle
Size
Length: approximately 4.0 cm w/o antenna, 9.0 cm w antenna
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Beetles from the family Cerambycidae are most commonly identified by their antenna being at least the length of their
body, usually extending to be three time the body length. The body is elongated and cylindrical in shape, eyes partially to
deeply notched by the base of the antennae, third tarsa segment bi-lobed and their tarsal formula appears to be 4-4-4 but
is actually 5-5-5. Adults feed on wood, roots, leaves and sometimes even pollen and flowers. In the tropics many species
feed on the sap of wounded tree. Adults are generally solitary insects but during the mating season the males track down
the females by scent (that’s what the antenna are for) and will mate for several hours. The female lays the eggs in trees
(no usually live trees) after notching a groove in the wood. The grub are called round headed borers and tunnel in
previously cut wood. Sawdust around a hole in bark is a sign of the presence of these grubs. The largest longhorn beetle
is the Titanus giganteus at 6 inches without the antenna.
The word Trachyderes is derived from Greek and means “rough neck”, this genus has 16 species with only T.
mandibularis reaching the US. Larva feed on dead branches of trees like palo verde and citrus while the adults are found
near wounded tress oozing sap.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Cerambycidae Chlorida (festiva)
Insect Name
Scientific name: Chlorida festiva
Common name: Stem borer
Size
Length: approximately 3.0 cm w/o antenna, 5 cm w antenna
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
feed on the sap of wounded trees. Adults are generally solitary insects but during the mating season the males track down
This species is known to be a pest of the cultivated mango in India though has not been found in Australia. The males
have multiple glands present on the prothoracese used to produce volatile pheromones that attract the females into their
proximity, helping explain the short length of this species antennae , antenna length is generally long since males
recognize females by antennal contact chemoreception and hence the probability of finding a mate is dependent on the
area search rate ( antenna lengths).
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Cerambycidae Oncideres (Albistillata)
Insect Name
Scientific name: Oncideres albistillata
Common name: Twig Girdling Beetle, Corta palo
Size
Length: approximately 3.5 cm w/o antenna, 7 cm w antenna
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
feed on the sap of wounded trees. Adults are generally solitary insects but during the mating season the males track down
Individuals from the genus Oncideres are known to attack over 50 woody plant families including avocado, cocoa, coffee
guava, grape, peach, pecan and sweet potatoes. The females chew a v shapes groove with their mandibles around the
branch thought the bark and phloem and then oviposit. This girdling method weakens the healthy tree and circumvents
the plant defense system while trapping all the valuable nutrients like nitrogen in the branch for when the eggs hatch and
become larva.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Alurnus (Humeralis)
Insect Name
Scientific name: Alurnus Humeralis
Common name: Leaf Beetle
Size
Length: approximately 3 cm body with 1cm antennae
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Leaf and Seed Beetles (Chrosomelidae) comprise the second largest family of the beetle worlds.
Some species are brightly colored to indicated their distastefulness to their predators. Adults and
larva feed on all different parts of plants eating the bark, leaves, flowers seeds, and roots. The
majority are specialist and will only feed on one type of plant or a group of closely related plants.
Females will lay their eggs on the plant itself since the larvae require living pant food to develop.
The larvae spends the majority of its time grazing on the plant dispersing as they mature.
Alurnus Humreralis is found on the African Oil Palm in Colombia and Ecuador. The incubation
time for the eggs is between 29-43 days and afterwards the larva undergoes 8 instars in 221-254
days before reaching maturity. The light brown larva is 43 mm in lengths at maturity.
Insect Name
Scientific name: NA
Common name: NA
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Beetles from the family Cerambycidae are most commonly identified by their antennae being at
least the length of their body, usually extending to be three time the body length. The body is
mating season the males track down the females by scent (that’s what the antenna are for) and
longhorn beetle is the Titanus giganteus at 6 inches without the antennae.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Cerambycidae ( Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name: NA
Common name: NA
Size
Length:NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
longhorn beetle is the Titanus giganteus at 6 inches without the antennae.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Cerambycidae Leiopus (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name: Leiopus sp.
Common name: Flat Faced Longhorn Beetle
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Beetles from the family Cerambycidae are most commonly identified by their antenna being at least the
length of their body, usually extending to be three time the body length. The body is elongated and
cylindrical in shape, eyes partially to deeply notched by the base of the antennae, third tarsa segment bilobed and their tarsal formula appears to be 4-4-4 but is actually 5-5-5. Adults feed on wood, roots, leaves
and sometimes even pollen and flowers. In the tropics many species feed on the sap of wounded trees.
Adults are generally solitary insects but during the mating season the males track down the females by scent
(that’s what the antenna are for) and will mate for several hours. The female lays the eggs in trees (no
usually live trees) after notching a groove in the wood. The grub are called round headed borers and tunnel
in previously cut wood. Sawdust around a hole in bark is a sign of the presence of these grubs. The largest
longhorn beetle is the Titanus giganteus at 6 inches without the antenna.
Definitely of the subfamily Lamiinae, most likely of the genus Leiopus, this beetle is also known as the flat
faced long horn beetle. They feed on deciduous trees.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Cerambycidae Phymatodes (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name: NA
Common name: NA
Size
Length: approximately 4.5 cm w/o antenna, 14.5cm w antenna
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
species feed on the sap of wounded tree. Adults are generally solitary insects but during the
longhorn beetle is the Titanus giganteus at 6 inches without the antenna.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Curculionidae (Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name: Snout beetle, Picudos
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Collection Number:
Notes
This family is easily recognized by their snout which is elongated and hosts the elbowed
antennae. The mouth parts include powerful mandibles made for drilling holes into seeds and
nuts for both feeding and oviposition. A large part of these species are injurious to agriculture,
namely the famous boll weevil.
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name: Snout Beetle, Picudos
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name: Snout Beetle, Picudos
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Curculionidae Alcidodes (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name: Alcidodes sp.
Common name: Weevil, Picudo, Snout Beetle
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Curculionidae Otiorhynchus (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name: Otiorhynchus sp.
Common name: Weevil, snout beetle
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
The genus Otiorhynchus is a large genus in the family Cucurionidae. Many species in this genus
are important pest s including the black vine beetle and the strawberry root beetle. Larva feed on
plant roots, while the adults feed at night time on plant foliage. This genus is flightless since the
elytra is fused. This genus has a lot of species that are polyploidy and parthenogenic, meaning
they do not need males to reproduce.
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name: Weevil, snout beetle
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Chrysomelidae (Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:Leaf/Seed Beetle
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Beetles in the Chrysomelidae are known as leaf beetles. This is a family of over 35,000 species
and over 2,500 genera. They are often mistaken for longhorn beetles but can be differentiated by
the physical characteristic of the antennae not arising from the frontal tubercles. Adult leaf
beetles feed on all sorts of plant tissue and are economically important pests of
agriculture.Examples include the Colorado potato beetle, and the asparagus beetle and various
flea beetles
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
beetles feed on all sorts of plant tissue and are economically important pests of agriculture.
Examples include the Colorado potato beetle, the asparagus beetle and various flea beetles.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera (Unknown) (Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
NA
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Chrysomelidae (Unknown)(Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
beetles feed on all sorts of plant tissue and are economically important pests of agriculture.
Examples include the Colorado potato beetle, the asparagus beetle and various flea beetles.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Erotylidae Gibbifer (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name: Gibbifer sp.
Common name: Pleasant Fungus Beetle
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Adults feed on pollen and some fungi. Larva feed on wood destroying fungi. Females lay their
eggs in the crevices of fallen logs.
The word Erotilus, from which the family name of Erotylidae comes from, originates from greek
and means sweetheart/darling.
The genus Gibbifera has very distinctive blue, pink or lavender bodies that fade to a yellow or
brown after death. The Latin term gibbus mean “hump” and the suffix “-fer” means bearing.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Ischnocodia Annulus
Insect Name
Scientific name: Ischnocodia Annulus
Common name: Golden or Target Tortoise Beetle
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Tortoise beetle are found in the Chrysomelidae and Cassidinae family.The outline of these beetles is oval or
nearly perfectly circular with the edges flaring out and flattened allowing the beetles the press themselves
tightly to a smooth leaf while tucking in their legs and head, much like a tortoise. The larva are short and flat
but are very spine and bear a long forged tail to which cast skins and excrement and debris attach
themselves to, giving the insect an assume measure of camouflage. Adults are frequently semitransparent
with radiant golden silvery, or greenish colors. Some tortoise beetles exhibit brood care and the mother will
guard the eggs till they mature or some may hid under the elytra expansion of species like the Omaspides
pallidipennis.
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name: Tortoise Beetle
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Tortoise beetles are found in the Chrysomelidae and Cassidinae family. The outline of these beetles is oval or
pallidipennis.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Chrysomelidae(Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name: Polychalma multicava
Common name: Bronze Tortoise Beetle
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Tortoise beetles are found in the Chrysomelidae and Cassidinae family.The outline of these beetles is oval or
pallidipennis.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Chrysomelidae or Cassidinae (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name: Tortoise Beetle
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Tortoise beetle are found in the Chrysomelidae and Cassidinae family. The outline of these beetles is oval or
pallidipennis.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Rhynchophorus Palmerum
Insect Name
Scientific name: Rhynchophorus palmarum
Common name: South American Palm Weevil
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Collection Number:36
Notes
This is one of the world’s larges weevils and is most commonly found crawling on the trunks of its host palms. It is completely shiny and has a
snout about as long as the body is wide, with extremely grooved wing covers that are slightly shorted than the abdomen. They are attracted by the
volatile compounds of injured palms and directly feeds on the coconut palm and are a vector of the further injury causing red ring nematode. The
females create an incision near the base of the leaf rachis and the stem and place the eggs into it one by one. The larva bore in via this opening and
eventually become large, fat, white and curved grubs with a short fusiform tail and a large mahogany head. They develop inside these dead or
sickly trees and sometime in young healthy trees, killing them. This species is considered the most destructive pest of the coconut palm in the
West Indies and Central America (1963). They are also linked to red ring disease and nematode pests. Pupation occurs on the exterior of the stem
and leaves in a cocoon made of interlacing fibers from the inside the stem. Lifecycle of these beetles can overlap and all forms can be found on the
same tree. The total life cycle varies greatly but requires from 30 to 100 days. This weevil use many other palms as hosts ; the palmetto palms, oil
palsm and also feeds on other plants with fibrous stems like papaya, large grasses, and sugarcane. The external symptoms of infestation are
progressive yellowing of the foliar areas, destruction of the emerging leaf and necrosis of the flowers. Leaves start to dry in ascending order in the
crown and the apical leave bend and eventually drop. Internally, the galleries and damage to leaf and stems produces by the larvae are easily
detected in heavily infested plants. The affected pant tissue turns foul producing a strong characteristic odors. It has bee n collected as a food
source in the Peruvian Jungle and is known as grou-grou, it may be eaten raw but more commonly is pan fried with oil and salt.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Elateridae Orthostethus Infuscatus
Insect Name
Scientific name: Orthostethus infuscatus
Common name: Click Beetle
Size
Length: approximately 3.0 cm
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Spanish :Apretadores, tuco tuco, mayates, or saltadores
Beetles of the Elateridae family are commonly known as click beetles, snapping beetles, spring beetles or
skipjacks. Adults of these beetles have a spine on the prothoraz which fits into a groove of the mesothorax.
The join connecting these two pieces is flexible and allows the two segments to be forcible snapped together
causing the beetle to jerk suddenly and catapult, with a clicking sounds, into the air. The beetle can do this
when it is positioned on its back or standing on its feet. They can also be recognized by the elongated,
parallel sided shape. The posterior corners of the prothorax project as sharp points.
The larva are worm like, smooth and with a hard exoskeleton. They burrow into the soil seeking roots and
tubers which they penetrate and feed on. In this form they are also known as wire worms(especially those of
the genera Conoderus and can do considerable economic damage to crop plants . The majority however, are
beneficial as reducers.. The larva locate their food by following a carbon dioxide gradient produced by the
plant material in the soil. They are relatively resilient to insecticides.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Elateridae Semiotus Ligneus
Insect Name
Scientific name: Semiotus ligneus
Size
Length: approximately 3.0 cm
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Elateridae Chalcolepidus (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name: Chalcolepidus sp.
Size
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Scarabaeidae (Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name: Scarab Beetle
Size
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
The Scarabaeidae family is composed of over 30,000 species world wide. Scarab beetles are large
bodied stout beetles with distinctive clubbed antennae composed of leaf like plates that can be
extended or retracted to sense odors. Their front tibia are adapted for digging and are widened
with the outer edges toothed. Both adults and larva are nocturnal and the adults are important
scavengers that recycle dung, carrion, and decaying vegetable matter. Grub on the other hand,
are considered a pest, since they feed on grass roots and plant roots destroying them.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Scarabaeidae Hoplopyga Ocellata
Insect Name
Scientific name: Hyplopyga ocellata
Common name: Fruit or flower Chafers
Size
Length: approximately 2 cm
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Chafer adults feed on rotting and ripening fruit, nectar, and pollen while the larva feed on the
roots of grass. The larva are considered an economical pest since they consume the roots of
grass and other valuable economic plants like alfalfa, vegetables and tobacco.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Scarabaeidae (Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name: Scarab beetle, dung beetle
Size
Length: approximately 1 cm
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Chafer adults feed on rotting and ripening fruit, nectar, and pollen while the larva feed on the
roots of grass. The larva are considered an economical pest since they consume the roots of
grass and other valuable economic plants like alfalfa, vegetables and tobacco.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Carabidae Agra (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name: Agara sp.
Common name: arboreal carabids, agra
Size
Length: approximately 3 cm w/o antenna, 4cm w antenna
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Beetles from the Carabidae family, also known as ground beetles, are generally found under logs, rocks and
leaves. They are identified by their conspicuous prothrax, narrow heads, long legs with spurs on the tibea,
bulbous eyes and thread like antennae originating above the mandibles. Most ground beetles pursue their
pray at nighttime though some are known to eat seeds and pollen. Eggs are laid in cells made of mud twigs
and leaves, and once the larva hatch they are predacious. As a defense ground beetles have a pair of
pygidial glands on their abdomen that produce noxious/ poisonous gas that they use to deter predator
attack. An example of this is the bombardier beetle that produces an acrid gas when hydroquinones and
hydrogen peroxide are mixed together and expelled from the pygidial glands. Since they are predatory and
keep pest levels low, beetles from the Carabidea family are considered beneficial.
The genus Agra contains 520 species but is currently very unstable. Not a lot is known about the life history
of these insects however many adults are found living in the high canopy of tropical evergreen and have
been kown to be attracted to light. Kind of a rare find since not normally seen on the ground.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Lycidae (Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name: Net-winged beetle
Size
Length: approximately 3.0cm
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Beetles in the order Lycidae are commonly known as Net-winged beetles. The adults can be
commonly seen flying around during dusk and may be found on flowers and foliage. Some adults
feed only on nectar while others may have a short enough adult life span that they do not feed at
all. The larva can be found in leaf litter and are liquid feeders. They are commonly brick colored to
signify their toxicity to predators. They have thick serrated antennae triangular heads and are
medium sized.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Coleoptera Lycidae (Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name: Net-winged beetles
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Beetles in the order Lycidae are commonly known as Net-winged beetles. The adults can be
commonly seen flying around during dusk and may be found on flowers and foliage. Some adults
feed only on nectar while others may have a shor enough adult life span that they do not feed at
all. The larva can be found in leaf litter and are liquid feeders. They are commonly brick colored to
signify their toxicity to predators. They have thick serrated antennae triangular heads and are
medium sized.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Benjamin Bowmanidea
Insect Name
Scientific name: Benjamin Bowmanidea
Common name: Papi, Boss, Ben
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Found by: Danielle
Notes
Observations Necessary
Can be found reading Wendell Berry, and writing by candle light.
Diptera
http://diptera.info/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=23501&pid=104176
This order has over 86,000 known species and is relevant in all habitats. Dipterans can be
distinguished from other insects because they only have one pair of wings. The second
pair has become knobbed organs known as the halters. These are found right behind the
first and are used to help stabilize the fly during flight. The mouthpart of flies is modified
to piercing, lapping or sucking fluids. Members of this family can sometime be carriers of
diseases like malaria or yellow fever, or can transport bacteria that can cause typhoid
fever and dysentery. On the other hand they can be very important for pollination of
flowers, scavenging, and in the case of parasitic and predatory flies, they can also help
control the pest populations. They go through complete metamorphosis, their larva are
called maggots and live in soil, decaying matter or as parasites of vertebrates and
invertebrates.
2
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Diptera Tachinid (Unknown)(Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name: Tachinid
Common name: Fly
Size
Length: approximately 1cm
Wind span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Tachinid flies are the second largest family of flies following the larger Tipulidae dipteran
family. This family has over 10,000 species world wide. The flies in this family are stocky
and very active. The females lay their eggs on the body of other insects and the larva live
as internal parasites. Tachinids are unusual in that the eggs mature within the female and
she often gives birth to live larvae. If that is not the case development occurs rapidly,
within 4-14 days of getting laid. They can be identified by the well developed calipers at
the base of the wings and the conspicuous swelling, the postscutellum under the
scutellim. Because they parasitize potential pest species thy can be considered beneficial.
3
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Diptera (Unknown)(Unknown)(Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name: most likely another Tachinid
Common name:
Size
Length: approximately 1cm
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Tachinid flies are the second largest family of flies following the larger Tipulidae dipteran
family. This family has over 10,000 species world wide. The flies in this family are stocky
and very active. The females lay their eggs on the body of other insects and the larva live
as internal parasites. Tachinids are unusual in that the eggs mature within the female and
she often gives birth to live larvae. If that is not the case development occurs rapidly,
within 4-14 days of getting laid. They can be identified by the well developed calipers at
the base of the wings and the conspicuous swelling, the postscutellum under the
scutellim. Because they parasitize potential pest species thy can be considered beneficial.
4
Hymenoptera
United States Department of Agriculture
The order Hymenoptera is composed of sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. There are more
than 130,000 recognized species in this order. The word hymenoptera originated from the
ancient Greek words “hymen” meaning membrane and “pteron” meaning wing, and refers
to the heavy wings of the insects. The hindwings are connected to the front by hooks
called hamuli. Females have a long ovipositor for inserting eggs into their host, this
ovipositor is sometimes modified into a stinger.
Members of this order are considered ecological specialist and are adapted to very
specific habitats or hosts. They have a wide range of behavioral adaptations that are
responsible for the taxons size/success. It is also the only other order, other than
isopteran (temites) that has complex social systems with division of labor.
The majority of the hymenoptera are predatory (with the exception of the suborder
Symphyta). Though some galling species may be considered pests, the rest of the Order is
very beneficial since there are pollinators and predators of other pests.
.
5
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hymenoptera Apidae (Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name: Bee
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
The family Apidae is a large family of med (20-40mm) sized honey bees, stingless bees,
carpenter bees, orchid bee, cuckoo bees and bumble bees. On the hind tibia, the 1st tarsal
segment is enlarged and flattened and covered with hairs forming a pollen basket. There
are some solitary bees in the subfamily Apinae but the rest are eusocial. It is theorized that
this has evolved independently in the different liniages. The ecological importance of this
Family lies in its ability to pollinate. Bees are adapted for feeding on nectar, used for
energy and pollen, used for its nutritional value. The pollen is used as a food source for
the larvae.
6
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae (Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name: Ant
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
NA
7
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae Atta (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name: Atta sp.
Common name: Leafcutter ant
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
The term “leafcutter ant” is a generic name referring to ants genus Atta and Acromyrmex. You can
identify between, ants in the Atta genus have three spines and a smooth abdomen while ants in the
Acromyrmex genus have 4 spines and a rough abdomen. Leafcutter, e of the most well known
insects of the rain forest have trails four to six inches wide, are conspicuous on the forest floor
because the ground looks like it has been cleaned with a vacuum. The ants form a continuous
process as workers carry circular portions of leaves back to the colony. The small minima workers
can often times be found riding on the circular leaf portions protecting the media workers from
parasitic flies. If the fly larva burrow into the ants head, they kill the ant . Large soldier ants protect
the colony outside of the entrance, these ants are usually ¾ of an inch large. Underground the
leaves are chewed into smaller portions, while the ant salivary enzymes along with fecal matter help
break down the leaves into a substrate used for growing fungus. The ants can not eat the leaf
directly, they consume the fungus that the farm inside the colony in a symbiotic relationship. One
colony can contains up to 5 million ants and a queen that may live 7-20 years. They are important for
the service of recycling treetop nutrients, making them available to other organisms after the ants
use
8
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae (Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name: Ant
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
NA
9
Insect Name
Scientific name: Atta sp.
Common name: Leaf cutter ant
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Collection Number:NA
Notes
Leafcutter ants, the most well known insects of the rain forest have trails four to six inches wide,
and are conspicuous on the forest floor because the ground looks like it has been cleaned with a
vacuum. The ants form a continuous process as workers carry circular portions of leaves back to
the colony. The small minima workers can often times be found riding on the circular leaf portions
protecting the media workers from parasitic flies. If the fly larva burrow into the ants head, they kill
the ant. Large soldier ants protect the colony outside of the entrance, these ants are usually ¾ of an
inch large. Underground the leaves are chewed into smaller portions, while the ant salivary enzymes
along with fecal matter help break down the leaves into a substrate used for growing fungus. The
ants can not eat the leaf directly, they consume the fungus that they farm inside the colony in a
symbiotic relationship. One colony can contains up to 5 million ants and a queen that may live 7-20
years. They are important for the service of recycling treetop nutrients, making them available to
other organisms.
10
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae (Unknown)(Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name: Ant
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
NA
11
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hymenoptera Formicidae Paraponera Clavata
Insect Name
Scientific name: Paraponera clavata
Common name: Conga Ant, Bullet ant, Hormiga Veinticuatro
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
The Bullet Ant is one of the largest species in Central America. It is a solitary hunter that
can most often be found during the night time when they hunt smaller insect prey. Nests
of this ant are mode of complex subterranean tunnels and chambers with an entrance at
the base of large trees like Pentaclethra macroloba. Each colony will have about 700 to
1400 worker ants that hunt for the colony. The pain from the sting is rated as the most
painful according to Schmidt Sting Pain Index. It is described as causing “waved of
burning, throbbing, all consuming pain that continues unavated for up to 24 hours. The
paralyzing neurotoxic peptide has been isolated from the venom, known as poneratoin, it
is currently being looked at as having potential medical application.
12
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Previously thought to be the queen of the little black ants with the heart shaped gasters ( Crematogaster aka acrobat ants) this is
actually a queen leafcutter ant. A very lucky find.
The term “leafcutter ant” is a generic name referring to ants genus Atta and Acromyrmex. You can identify between, ants in the
Atta genus have three spines and a smooth abdomen while ants in the Acromyrmex genus have 4 spines and a rough abdomen.
Leafcutter, e of the most well known insects of the rain forest have trails four to six inches wide, are conspicuous on the forest
floor because the ground looks like it has been cleaned with a vacuum. The ants form a continuous process as workers carry
circular portions of leaves back to the colony. The small minima workers can often times be found riding on the circular leaf
portions protecting the media workers from parasitic flies. If the fly larva burrow into the ants head, they kill the ant . Large
soldier ants protect the colony outside of the entrance, these ants are usually ¾ of an inch large. Underground the leaves are
chewed into smaller portions, while the ant salivary enzymes along with fecal matter help break down the leaves into a substrate
used for growing fungus. The ants can not eat the leaf directly, they consume the fungus that the farm inside the colony in a
symbiotic relationship. One colony can contains up to 5 million ants and a queen that may live 7-20 years. They are important for
the service of recycling treetop nutrients, making them available to other organisms after the ants use
13
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hymenoptera Pelecinidae Pelecinus Polyturaror or Dichorus
Insect Name
Scientific name: Pelecinus polyturator
Common name: Pelecinid wasp
Size
Length:NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
The genus Pelecinus is the only living member of the family Pelecinidae (the rest are only
in fossils). They are glossy black wasps, the females have a very long ovipositor that can
be up to 7cm. The females do not need to be fertilized by the male to reproduce. They lay
their eggs directly into grubs of beetles in the Phyllaphaga (June Beetles) family located in
the ground.
14
Hemiptera
http://delta-intkey.com/britin/hem/terms01.htm
Insects in the order Hemiptera are known as true bugs and include cicadas,
aphids, leaf hoppers, plant hoppers, shield bugs and many others. They are defines by the
mouthparts which is a proboscis evolved from the fusion of the manibles and maxillae,
sheathed in a rostrum (hard piercing beak) used to pierce tissue of plants and sometime
animals to suck out the liquids.
The name hemiptera is derived from the Greek words hemi (half) and pteron (wing)
referring to the half hardened wings that are tough near the bas and membranous at the
end.
For the most part do not go through metamorphosis between their larval stage and
the adults stage. The young (nymphs) look like the adults, but smaller. The last molt
includes the development of wings and sexual organs. As adults the majority of
hemipterons feed on plant sap but a few have evolved to feed on the blood of larger
animals. Examples include bedbugs, and kissing bugs. Economically speaking, many
hemipterons are significant crop pests, examples include all aphids, and scale insects.
15
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hemiptera Fulgoridae Enchophera (Sanguinea)
Insect Name
Scientific name: Enchophora Sanguinea
Common name: Lanternbug
Size
Length: 25 mm
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Lanterbugs are characterized by the scimitar-shaped process on their heads. They are
usually 25mm long ranging in color from red to green. They can be found on the trunk of
their host plants feeding on the sap( 6-9 meters of the ground). They process the sap and
excreta a honey dew like excrement that attracts other insects, resulting in a trophobiotic
relationship between the lantern bug and the attracted insects. The honeydew like
substance contains excess carbohydrates, sugars and water providing the consumer with
valuables. The honeydew like liquid is excreted at the rate of 0.8 meters per second for 3
and 5 seconds every 30 to 60 seconds. Examples of attracted organisms include the land
snail Pittieria aurantuaca, a first of its kind relationship between a gastropod and the
insect. Certain carpenter ants can only feed on the honeydew like substance if the snail is
present and feed only when standing atop the snail head stealing bits of liquid as the snail
is feeding. Cockroaches have been noted to feed on the wax on the insects tegmina.
16
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name: Tree Hoppers
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Collection Number: NA
Notes
Treehoppers, insects of the family Membracidae are characterized by their enlarged and
rather ornate pronotum that resembled a thorn, and is used to help with camouflage. Like
other true bugs this insect pierces plant stems and feeds on the sap. The young more
commonly feed on shrubs and herbaceous species but the adults are generally found on
trees. Some insects from this family have developed mutualistic relationships with ants.
The ants protect them from predators while the ants feed on the honeydew like liquid that
they excrete. Mutualistic relationship do not only exist between ants and treehoppers but
also between treehoppers and some geckos and wasps.
Most species are harmless to humans both physical and economically.
17
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hemiptera Pentatomidae (Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name: Stink Bug, Shield Bug
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Detail
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Insects in the Pentatomidae family are most well known for the unpleasant smell that they
can produce when they are disturbed. They are recognized by the triangular scutellim and
are generally green and brown.
The name Pentatomidae is derived from the Greek words pente (five) and tomes (sections)
and refers to the antennae, which have 5 sections. Much like other Hemipterons they do
not have chewing mouthparts and have a rostrum with a probiscus used for sucking sap
from plants. The glands that produce the “stinky” liquid are found in the thorax, between
the first two pairs of legs.
Stinkbugs located in the south have been known to migrate northwards if it gets too hot.
They can be considered agricultural pests if the aggregate and are resistant to some
pesticides. Some can be beneficial since they can also be predators of other pests. In
Mexican cuisine they are known as jumiles, chinche de monte or xotlinilli. They are also
eaten in Vietnamese cuisine.
18
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hemiptera Cicadidae Zammara Smaragdina
Insect Name
Scientific name: Zammara Smaragdina
Common name: Emerald Cicada
Size
Length: approximately NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Cicadas are usually between 2-cm in length, have prominent eyes set widely apart on the sides of their heads,
short antennae protruding between or in front of the eyes in addition to membranous front wings. They also have
three ocelli ( small eyes) on the top of their head between the large eyes.
Cicadas are harmless to humans since they feed on plant sap by means of a long probiscus located under their
head. They can cause some damage to cultivated crops when the female lays her eggs deep inside a branch.
This damage is usually in the form of scarring.
Cicadas have been regularly eaten around the world, with the females being meatier
Males have a lout noisemaker called tymbals on the base of their abdomen that they sounds to attract females.
They can produce sounds up to 120dB!
Most cicadas go through a life cycle that is 2-5 years long but can extend to 17 years. The eggs are deposited in a
branch, once the eggs hatch they drop to the ground and burrow. There they will stay for the majority of their
lives, feeding on root juices. In the last instar exit through a tunnel to the surface and molt on a nearby plant and
abandon their exoskeleton.
19
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta (Hemiptera) (Unknown) (Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
NA might be scales, can’t tell from picture
20
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name: Stinkbug, Shield Bug
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
21
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name: Sting Bug, Shield Bug
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
22
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:Sting Bug, Shield Bug
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
23
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hemiptera (Unknown)(Unknown)(Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
NA
24
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hemiptera Reduviidae (Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Insects in the Reduviidae family range in size from 4mm to 40mm, have an elongated head with a
distinct narrowed neck, long legs, a rostrum (long tube for feeding). They are usually dark in color
with bright accents. If disturbed they will stridulate and produce a sounds in opes to scare off any
predators, if further harassed they can use their rostrum to deliver a painful bite. The salive of
certain species has an antibacterial activity towards gram negative human pathogens. Other species
of this family are, however, blood suckers and not as beneficial as the species that feed on bedbugs
and some other pests. Triatoma species are known as kissing bugs and bit soft tissue when one is
sleeping. Other than inflammation they are known to be possible carriers of Chagas Disease, aka
American trypanosomiasis
Insect in the Apiomerus genus are commonly named bee assassin a name which is derived from the
feeding habit of sitting upon flowers and ambushing bees as prey. The bright colors are aposmatic
coloring, a bright warning to larger predators.
25
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hemiptera Reduviidae Aplomerus
Insect Name
Scientific name: Reduciidae Aplomerus
Common name: Assassin Bug
Size
Length: approximately 3.0cm
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Insects in the Reduviidae family range in size from 4mm to 40mm, have an elongated head with a
distinct narrowed neck, long legs, a rostrum (long tube for feeding). They are usually dark in color
with bright accents. If disturbed they will stridulate and produce a sounds in hopes to scare off any
predators, if further harassed they can use their rostrum to deliver a painful bite. The salive of
certain species has an antibacterial activity towards gram negative human pathogens. Other species
of this family are, however, blood suckers and not as beneficial as the species that feed on bedbugs
and some other pests. Triatoma species are known as kissing bugs and bit soft tissue when one is
sleeping. Other than inflammation they are known to be possible carriers of Chagas Disease, aka
American trypanosomiasis
Insect in the Apiomerus genus are commonly named bee assassin a name which is derived from the
feeding habit of sitting upon flowers and ambushing bees as prey. The bright colors are aposmatic
coloring, a bright warning to larger predators.
26
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hemiptera (Lygaeidae or Pyrrhocoridae or Miridae)
(Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Based on photo cannot identify between the three families. Pyrrocoridae are also known
as red bugs or strainers because one of the species is a common cotton pest and when
cotton is machine processed the insect’s bodies stain the cotton. Lygaeidae are seed
bugs, which feed on seeds. Unlike in the other two families ocelli are present. The family
Miridae are plant bug.
27
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hemiptera Pyrrocoridae or Lygaeidae or Miridae (Unknown)
(Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Based on photo cannot identify between the three families. Pyrrocoridae are also known
as red bugs or strainers because one of the species is a common cotton pest and when
cotton is machine processed the insect’s bodies stain the cotton. Lygaeidae are seed
bugs, which feed on seeds. Unlike in the other two families ocelli are present. The family
Miridae are plant bug.
28
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hemiptera Cercopidae Prosapia (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name: Prosapia sp.
Common name: Spittlebug, froghopper
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Cercopoidea are commonly known as frogghoppers or spittlebugs. The nymphs are
known as spittle bugs because they produce a frothed-up plant sap resembling spit. This
froth is both a means of the protection from the watchful eyes of predators and a means of
providing thermal control in addition to moisture control. The spittle has an acrid taste and
this further deter predators. The froth is made from sap the nymph has sucked from the
host plant. Adults are known more by the term froghoppers, since the jump around from
plant to plant. They can jump up to 70cm vertically, which happens to be more than a flea
(relative to body size). Other than jumping over 4,000m/s2 (acceleration) they can
reflexively bleed from their tarsi to avoid predators. The hemolymph appears to be
distasteful and aromatically colored.
29
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Hemiptera Membracidae (Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name: Treehopper
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Treehoppers, insects of the family Membracidae are characterized by their enlarged and
rather ornate pronotum that resembled a thorn, and is ised to help with camouflage. Like
other true bugs this insect pierces plant stems and feeds on the sap. The young more
commonly feed on shrubs and herbaceous species but the adults are generally found on
trees. Some insects from this family have developed mutualistic relationships with ants.
The ants protect them from predators while the ants feed on the honeydew like liquid that
they excrete. Mutualistic relationship do not only exist between ants and treehoppers but
also between treehoppers and some geckos and wasps.
Most species are harmless to humans both physical and economically.
30
Blatteridae
http://lanwebs.lander.edu/faculty/rsfox/invertebrates/periplaneta.html
This is our planets most familiar insect with fossil evidence suggesting that roach like insects
scurried around in the primitive forests of the Carboniferous period just as they do around our
apartments. Cockroaches eat almost anything, a publication reported that 12 cockroaches can live
on glue of a postage stamp for a week! They can sometimes be mistaken for beetles but after
careful examination the differences are easily noticeable. The forewings are toughened and protect
the hind membranous pair, and during rest lie flat across the body. In beetles these wings do not
overlap over the central line. Additionally wingless species of cockroaches have a pair of cerci at the
rear end of the abdomen that are not present in beetles. Cockroaches have chewing and biting moth
parts are also capable of lapping up liquids.
This order contains cockroaches of which only one percent of the 4000 species are pest to man with
the vast majority being harmless. Cockroaches have flattened oval shaped, leathery bodies with
long thin antennae and strong spiny legs suitable for running. All cockroaches have a well
developed thin layer of grease or wax on the outside. The head is often times entirely concealed by
the enlarged pronotum. Most female cockroaches produce a sex pheromone that attracts males
while the males produce an aphrodisiac secretion to prepare females for mating. Courtship can varie
from slight body movement to the production of sound or even head butting as is seen in the
Madagascar hissing cockroach. The sperm is transferred into a spermatophore and the female either
lays her eggs in an egg case (ootheca) and buries them or carries them under her abdomen.
In general a lot is known about the so to speak domestic species but very little is known about the
wild species. Many genera are represented in the bromeliad pools. For example Epilampra have
been observed to swim and even have tubular spiracles ar the rear of the abdomen functioning like
an elementary snorkel. Several species even mimic other insects like the lycid beetle, lampyrid
beetles (firefly) and fungus beetles.
Ecological niches occupied by the cockroach are varied in the tropical areas, some are loosely
associated with vegetation, usually seen sitting on the upper surface of leaves, bark, roots or
feeding on rotting wood or even carrion. Some species are even know to live symbiotically with ants
like the The smallest known cockroach Attaphilla fungicola. They are important reducers of leaf
litter and wood, in any one area in the Amazonian region up to 5.6 percent of the yearly leaf fall and
other detritus can be turned over by members of this genus.
31
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Blattaria (Blaberidae) (Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name: Cockroach, Cucaracha
Size
Length: Huge
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Found by: Mario Abatta
Notes
See Blattaria page
32
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Blattaria Blaberidae Panchlora (Nivea)
Insect Name
Scientific name: Panchlora Nivea
Common name: Banana cockroach or Cuban Cockroach
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
This is a species of cockroach that is found in the tropics, the male is 12-15mm long while
the females can grow to be 24mm. The adults are light green in color with a yellow line
running up the sides. They are mainly nocurnal and are attracted to light. The adults are
found in trees plants and shrubbery while the nymphs can be found under logs. They are
not considered a pest.
33
Orthoptera
http://www.grasshopperid.com/gallery_2_9.html
The term Orthoptera traditionally refers to several orders with similar general body
forms. They are moderate to large sized, have an ovoid head with mandibulate mouth
parts, long narrow somewhat thickened fore wings and leathery membranous wings with
complex reticulated vein patterns. Internally the presence of Malpighian tubules is also
characteristic. They generally (with the exception of mantids) feed on plants. Nymphs of
some visit flowers and even though the feed on flowers and anthers can contribute to
pollination. A great deal of them are cryptically colored mimicking sticks, stones, leaves
and other inert objects. This is often combines with startling displays of aposmatic
coloring and eye spots, coupled with a repugnant secretion and ominous sound. Sound
production is particularly well developed in males to attract female in the orthopteroid
families. Males may sing along or exhibit chorusing.
34
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Orthoptera Acrididae (Unknown) ( Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
The family Acrididae is the predominant family of Orthoptera. The family name is derived
from the greek words akris (locust). They are also known as short-horned grasshoppers.
They are the only insects that are considered kosher in Judaism since the book of
Leviticus forbids eating all flying insects that walk with the exceptions for locust.
The large head to toso ratio indicated that this is a nymph/ not a full gown adult
35
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Orthoptera Romaleidae Chromacris (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name: Chromacris sp.
Common name: Lubber
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
This genus is herbivores with a preference to host plants in the Solaneceae and
Leguminosea families. They behave gregariously and can cause significant damage to
crops.
36
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Orthoptera Tettigoniidae (Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
The family Tettigoniidae is known more commonly as Katydids, bush crickets, or long
horned grasshoppers, even though they are more closely related to crickets than true
grasshoppers. Wings of this family resemble leaves to help avoid predators. These
examples of camouflage and mimicry are very characteristic. They are differentiated from
grasshoppers by the length of their antennae, which is much longer and can exceed the
length of their body. They feed on leaves, flowers, bark, seeds even though some species
are excusably predatory and feed on other insects, snails and small snakes and lizards.
37
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Orthoptera Tettigoniidae (Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NAWing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
38
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Orthoptera Tettigoniidae (unknown) ( unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name: Katydid, Bush Cricket, Long-horned Grasshopper
Size
Length:
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
39
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Orthoptera (Unknown)(Unknown)(Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
NA
40
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Mantidae (Unknown) (Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name: Praying Mantis
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Mantids are known in Spanish as Mantidos, adivinadores, tat adios, momboretas, comepiojos or Santa Teresas. They
are rapacious carnivores. The principal means of identifying them is their means of catching their pray by using raptorial
forelegs. The femur is large and has quick acting muscles for closing the spined grasping tibia to form a vise from which
escape is unlikely. Mantids wait to ambush their passing by pray. The term mantid mean soothsayer or diviner, this may
have originated from the huminoid behavior of the mantid where they follow movement with their pupilated eyes located
on their triangular head. In some parts of Amazonia the sex of an unborn child can be learned from a mantid placed
nearby the expecting mother. If it just moves its for arms the infant would be female, if the insect jumps onto someone
than the infant will be a male. Mantids are generally rather large with elongated prothorax and an otherwise slender body
and walking legs. They are cryptically colored in leafy greens and browns.
The male is generally smaller and the females and in some species may be eaten by the female after or during mating.
The female may lay 6-22 oothica (egg cases) and will attaché these to twigs or stones. In some species she will then
guard it till the nymphs hatch. During the nighttime, when Mantids fly, they are prey for bats. Bats use ultrasonic clicks
to locate the prey and so the mantids have a “ear” to detect these frequencies in between their front legs, and will take
action to avoid getting consumed, for example nose-diving.
41
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Mantidae (Unknown) (Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name: Praying Mantis
Size
Length: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Mantids are known in Spanish as Mantidos, adivinadores, tat adios, momboretas, comepiojos or Santa Teresas. They
are rapacious carnivores. The principal means of identifying them is their means of catching their pray by using raptorial
forelegs. The femur is large and has quick acting muscles for closing the spined grasping tibia to form a vise from which
escape is unlikely. Mantids wait to ambush their passing by pray. The term mantid mean soothsayer or diviner, this may
have originated from the huminoid behavior of the mantid where they follow movement with their pupilated eyes located
on their triangular head. In some parts of Amazonia the sex of an unborn child can be learned from a mantid placed
nearby the expecting mother. If it just moves its for arms the infant would be female, if the insect jumps onto someone
than the infant will be a male. Mantids are generally rather large with elongated prothorax and an otherwise slender body
and walking legs. They are cryptically colored in leafy greens and browns.
The male is generally smaller and the females and in some species may be eaten by the female after or during mating.
The female may lay 6-22 oothica (egg cases) and will attaché these to twigs or stones. In some species she will then
guard it till the nymphs hatch. During the nighttime, when Mantids fly, they are prey for bats. Bats use ultrasonic clicks
to locate the prey and so the mantids have a “ear” to detect these frequencies in between their front legs, and will take
action to avoid getting consumed, for example nose-diving.
Lepidoptera (Mariposa)
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Lepidoptera (Unknown) (Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
NA
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Scada Zemira
Insect Name
Scientific name: Scada Zemira
Common name: Bruch Footed Buterfly
Size
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
The genus Scada was discovered by Kirbe in 1871. The family of Nymphalids is the largest family
of butterflies with over 6,000 species. Commonly they are called brush-footed butterflies or four
footed butterflies.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Lepidoptera Nimphalidae (tribe Ithomiini) (Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length:NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
The tribe Ithomiini is a butterfly tribe in the family Nymphalidae. They are unpalatable since the
adults sequester pyrrolizidine alkaloids from plants like those from the Asteraceae and
Boraginaceae family. This group has been proposed as a biological indicator of ecological
conditions and diversity in a neotropical forest. The larva feed on plants in the Solanaceae family.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Agraulis Vanillae
Insect Name
Scientific name: Agraulis Vanillae
Common name: Gulf Fritillary
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: 65-80mm
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Butterflynet
Date: March 2012
Notes
Part of the family Nymphalidae and the sub family Heliconiinae is the only species of the genus
Agraulis. The Gulf Fritillary is an occasional migrant crossing the Gulf of Mexico. It was first
described by Linnaeus in 1758. The caterpillar is coppery orange with large black spikes that are
soft to the touch and do not sting but are toxic if eaten. The main hosts for this caterpillar are
plants from the Passiflora family.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Heliconini Dryas Iulia
Insect Name
Scientific name: Dryas J(I)ulia
Common name: The flame, Julia Butterfly, Flambeau
Size
Length:NA
Wing span: 82-92mm
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
These butterflies are a widely distributed neotropical species with an extremely large range. Hey are fast
fliers and can be commonly found in clearings, on paths and margins of forest and woodlands. They feed on
nectar od flowers like the lantana and shepherds needle. The caterpillar feed on plants from the Passiflora
genus.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Lepidoptera Pieridae Pieriballia Viardi
Insect Name
Scientific name: Pieriballia Viardi
Common name: Painted White
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
The genus Pieriballia consists of only one species, the Painted White. They can be found as far north as
Mexico and their range goes to Paraguay and Bolivia. Larva feed on Capparis pseudocacao.
*Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Lepidoptera Nymphalidae (tribe Ithomiini) Greta (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name: Greta (Enigma)
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
The tribe ithomiini is a butterfly tribe in the family Nymphalidae. They are unpalatable since the adults
sequester pyrrolizidine alkaloids from plants like those from the Asteraceae and Boraginaceae. This group
has been proposed as a biological indicator of ecological conditions and diversity in a neotropical forest. The
larva feed on plants in the Solanaceae family.
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length:NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
NA
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Lepidoptera Saturniidae Hyperchiria (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span :2.5-15cm
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Collection Number:8
Notes
Saturniidae also known as saturniids, are some of the largest moths with over 2,300 species world
wide. The adults have large heavy bodies covered with hairlike scales. In their larval form they can
be either defoliator pests like the Orange Striped Oakworm Moth and the Pandora Pinemouith but
they are also commercial important since their cocoons can be gatheres to make silk. They are
only moderately close relatives to the silkworm (Bombyx mori). The caterpillars are large and
stout with some of the species sporting toxic hairs. Many are cryptically colored and can produce
clicking noises with their mandibles when disturbed. These noises have been hypothesized to
serve as a warning signal to a regurgitation defense. The toxic hairs on caterpillars of the genus
Lonomia contain an extremely toxic poison that can kill a human.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Lepidoptera Nympjalidae Diaethria (Clymena)
Insect Name
Scientific name: Diaethria Clymena
Common name: Cramer’s Eighty-Eight
Size
Length: NA
Wing span:NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Photo
Date: March 2012
Found by: Benjamin Bowman
Notes
Species in this genus are commonly called eighty-eights even though the pattern on their
underside can look like an 88 or an 89. The upperside is brown with a wide metallic green/blue
metallic band across the forewing. The typical host plants for the caterpillars can be tropical
plants in the elm and soapberry family, Trema lamarckianum, Trema micranthum and Theobroma.
Adults feed on rotting fruit and dung.
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Lepidoptera (Unknown) (Unknown)(Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
NA
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Heliconius Melpomene (blue)
Insect Name
Scientific name: Heliconius Melpomene
Common name: Postman buttefly
Size
Length:NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Photo
Date: March 2012
Notes
The range of this widespread butterfly is from Central America to Southern Brazil. It is well known for its
diversity in color patterns with many geographical sub species. The genetic basis of the geographical
variations seems to be controlled by few genes that control the majority of the changes. These loci seem to be
shared by a few different Heliconius species. The caterpillar feeds on passion flower species and is a specialist.
The word “Melpomene” is referencing the Muse of tragedy
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Photo
Date: March 2012
Notes
NA
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Photo
Date: March 2012
Notes
NA
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Photo
Date: March 2012
Notes
NA
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Photo
Date: March 2012
Notes
NA
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Photo
Date: March 2012
Notes
NA
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Lepidoptera Megalopygidae (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name: Megalopygidae sp.
Common name: Flannel Moths
Size
Length: Lighter Length
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught (stung)
Date: March 2012
Found by: Dan
Notes
Flannel moth caterpillars structurally differ than most typical Lepidoptera. They have seven pairs
of prologs rather than five or less as is common of typical caterpillars. They sport a rather
lustrous coat of fine long silky hair under which, concealed, are venomous setae capable of rather
severe reactions. The reaction can be localized to the affected area but can radiate up a limb and
cause burning, swelling, nausea, headaches, abdominal distress, rashes, blisters, chest pain,
numbness and difficulty breathing. The early instars have a puffy cotton ball look to them, as they
get older they get a “bad hair day “ look and end with a Mohawk. The larva dosenot spin a real
cocoon but rather separates from the “furry” skin and uses that as a protective covering as it
pupates. One can use cellophane tape to help take out spines is any were left behind after
contact. Other remedies include icepack, oral antihistamines, baking soda, hydrocortisone cream
and juice from the comfrey plant along with calamine lotion.
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Photo
Date: March 2012
Notes
NA
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Cute
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Lepidoptera (Symphitas) (Unknown) (Unknwon)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
NA
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Lepidoptera Nymphalidae Dion Glycera
Insect Name
Scientific name: Dion Glycera
Common name: Andean Silver Spot
Size
Length: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
As an adults this species is known as the Andean Silver Spot. It generally is found in the high
Andes cloud forest with individuals flying rapidly in the middlestory.
This caterpillar was found gregariously feeding on the passionflower vine destroying it within a
day.
The coloration and patterns of this species changes with every instar.
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length:NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
NA
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
NA
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Lepidoptera Saturniidae (Unknown) (Unknown)
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
It is possible this is a type of Lonomia. Caterpiallers of this species are some of the most
dangerous in the world. Lonomia oblique is was discovered to be endemic to Brazil and creates
enough toxin to kill a human being. Symptoms include haematoma, and gangrene-like symptoms
that spread though the whole body causing blood leakage even in the brain and in severe cases
leading to death. The toxin is stores in sack at the base of each spine. This toxin has interesting
anticoagulant properties that may prove to be medically valuable.
Note: I handled this caterpillar carefully with my hand and nothing happened, it is possible that I
got lucky
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
NA
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Lepidoptera Danaidae Danaus Pelexippus
Insect Name
Scientific name: Danaus pelexippus
Common name: Monarch Butterfly, King Billy (in Canada)
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: 88-100mm
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Members of the Danaidae family, also known as the milkweed butterflies, are generally found fluttering
around leisurely in open places. Due to the toxins in their host plant (Milkweed) both the caterpillar and
the adult form are toxic. Males attract females be releasing pheromones from a scent pocket on the
hind wings.
Monarch migrations occur every autumn when millions to these butterflies migrate over 2,000 miles
from the US to Mexico and even as far as Hawaii and Australia. In the spring returning females travel
back up north while laying eggs along the way. It takes about four weeks for an egg to develop into a
butterfly. The chrysalis is bright green, barrel shaped and studded with golden dots.
Insect Name
Scientific name:
Common name:
Size
Length: NA
Wing span: NA
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
NA
Animalia Arthropoda Insecta Lepidoptera Sphingidae Pachylia Ficus
Insect Name
Scientific name: Pachylia ficus
Common name: Fig Sphinx Caterpillar
Size
Wing span: can be 110mm-140mm
Weight: NA
Details
Method: Hand Caught
Date: March 2012
Notes
Moths in the Sphingidae family are known as hawk moths, or sphinx moths and are known for their rapid sustained flight
abilities .These stout bodied moths have very strong wings and are some of the fastest flying insects and can fly 50km/hr.
Some of these moths are even mistaken for hummingbirds since the can hover in midair while feeding on nectar from
flowers. Their larva tend to be specialist and many have the capability to detoxify toxic compounds sequester from their
host plants. The horn like projection found on their tail is harmless. In some species the proboscis of the developing moth
is so long that the pupa may have a sheath curving out from the head away from the body and back resembling a job
handle. Adults generally feed on nectar though in the tropic certain moths can feed on eye secretions and some even steal
honey from bees.
Pachylia ficus females are known to lay eggs and feed on figs, most commonly strangler figs including Ficus aurea, Ficus
carica, Ficus microcarpa, Ficus religiosa, Ficus pumila, Ficus gamelleira, Ficus prinoides, Ficus pumila and Artocarpus
integrifolia. Caterpilars feed on these figs while adults feed on flower nectar right before sunset. The caterpillars pupate on
the jungle floor under leaf litter in a thin walled cocoon.
[1] National Audubon Society
[2] Photographic Atlas of Entomology and Guide to Insect Identification
[3] Wildlife Fact Files
[4] Museum of Tropical Queenship
[5]http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/aug/01/insects-food-emissions
[6]http://bugguide.net/node/view/2873
[7]Field Guide to Northeastern Longhorned Beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)By Douglas Yanega
[8]http://plant.cdfa.ca.gov/byciddb/thumb.asp?g=Eburia
[9]http://insects.oeb.harvard.edu/Caribbean/Field%20guides/FieldGuidesDone/Coleoptera/pdfs/Cerambycidae.pdf
[10]http://www.daff.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/771906/Mangoes_from_India_Final_Report.pdf
[11] http://www.life.illinois.edu/hanks/pdfs/Ray%20et%20al%202006.pdf
[12]http://itp.lucidcentral.org/id/wbb/oncidid/OncidID-gallery-head.html
[13] http://si-pddr.si.edu/jspui/bitstream/10088/5172/2/SCtZ-0608-Lo_res.pdf
[14]http://entomology.si.edu/staffpages/Erwin/2000_Erwin_ColBull-Platyscelis.pdf
[15] Wikipedia
[16]http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/ent/notes/forage/guidetoncdungbeetles.pdf
[17] www.cate-sphingidae.org/taxonomy/Pachylia/ficus.html
[18]http://zipcodezoo.com/Animals/P/Pachylia_ficus/
[19] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphingidae
[20] http://www.entomology.wisc.edu/mbcn/kyf409.html
[21] Butterflies , Moths and Other Invertebrates of CostaRica A Field Guide by Carrol L. Henderson
[22]Latin American Insects and Entomology by Charles L. Hogue
[23] Insects Their Natural History and Diversity with Photographic guide to insects of Eastern North America
[24]Illustrated Encyclopedia of Insects by Martin Walters
[25]Encyclopedia of Insects and Spiders; An Essential Guide to Insects and Spiders of North America and the World
by Rod and Ken Preston-Mafham.
[26]BugGuide.net
[27] Other

Insect Bible - Third Millennium Alliance

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