Civil War Heartland Leaders Trail

I
n November 1862, General Robert E. Lee reorganized the Army of
Northern Virginia, placing General James Longstreet in command of the
First Corps and General Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson in command of the
Second Corps. Longstreet won Lee’s admiration and praise for his performance at the Battles of Second Manassas, Antietam, and Fredericksburg, but
his role at the pivotal Battle of Gettysburg created controversy that continues
to this day. In 1875 Longstreet settled in Gainesville. One of the few
Confederate leaders to join the Republican party, he served as minister to
Turkey under President Rutherford B. Hayes and later became a United
States marshal for Georgia.
James Longstreet
H
owell Cobb graduated from the University of Georgia in 1834. He
was elected to the U.S. Congress from 1843 to 1850 and was
Speaker of the House in 1849. He served as governor of Georgia from
1851 to 1853 and as secretary of the U.S. Treasury from 1856 to 1860
during the James Buchanan administration. In 1861 Cobb was president of
the Montgomery Convention, which created the Confederate States of
America. He became a brigadier general in the Army of Northern Virginia
and later commanded the District of Georgia.
Howell Cobb
Alexander H. Stephens
Note: Two of Howell Cobb’s homes remain in Athens. Both houses – located at 425 Hill
St. and 698 N. Pope St. – are private residences.
NOTE: A new Longstreet memorial at his homesite and a portion of the north wing of
his hotel are located in Gainesville. Visit his gravesite in Alta Vista Cemetery at 1076
Jesse Jewell Parkway.
lexander Stephens graduated with honors from the University of
Georgia in 1832 and served in the U.S. House of Representatives
before the war. Unlike the fiery Toombs, Stephens urged moderation during
the secession crisis. When Georgia voted to leave the Union in January 1861,
he supported the choice his state had made. He became a delegate to the
Montgomery Convention, where he was elected vice president of the
Confederacy. Arrested and imprisoned after the war, he was soon released
and again served in the U.S. Congress. In 1882 he was elected governor of
Georgia. He and his college roommate, Crawford W. Long, are the two
notable Georgians represented in Statuary Hall in Washington D.C.
NOTE: Liberty Hall, Alexander Stephens’ home at 456 Alexander Street in
Crawfordville, is a state historic site. Displays of his papers and personal effects are supplemented by a nearby museum filled with Civil War artifacts. A film shown at this site
explains the political and economic reasons for the war.
Map locations 14 15
770.539.9005• www.longstreet.org • Map locations 1 2 3
706.456.2602 • www.gastateparks.org/info/ahsteph/ • Map location 42
C
rawford Long attended the University of Georgia in the 1830s, where
he roomed with Alexander H. Stephens, the future vice president of the
Confederate States of America. They lived in the university’s Old College
building, where a plaque identifies their room. Long became a noted physician and is credited with the discovery of ether anesthesia for surgical use in
1842. During the war he served as a Confederate surgeon and in the Athens
home guard. He and Stephens were chosen as the two outstanding
Georgians to be honored in Statuary Hall in the nation’s capitol.
Crawford W. Long
A
H
enry W. Grady was born in Athens in 1850. The son of Captain W.S.
Grady, who commanded Highland Guard, Company G of the 25th
North Carolina Infantry, Henry often accompanied his father during the
recruiting of this unit. After the war, Henry attended the University of
Georgia and became a famous Southern journalist and orator. He was a
leading voice in trying to reunify the nation after the war with his speeches
on “The New South.”
Henry W. Grady
NOTE: Visit the Crawford Long Museum at 28 College Street in Jefferson. Displays
exhibit his medical instruments, furniture, and personal papers.
NOTE: Grady’s second home in Athens, the Taylor-Grady House, at 640 Prince
Avenue, is a house museum open to the public for tours and rentals. It is operated by the
Junior League of Athens.
706.367.5307 • www.crawfordlong.org • Map location 4
706.549.8688 • www.taylorgradyhouse.com • Map location 17
Joseph E. Brown
J
oseph Brown was governor of Georgia from 1857 to 1865. As the
agitation for secession intensified, he became an ardent proponent for
Southern independence. Brown prodded the legislature to strengthen the
unprepared militia and to make other military preparations. After President
Abraham Lincoln’s election, Brown called on Georgia to follow South
Carolina out of the Union. A hallmark of his wartime administration was his
resistance to the authority of the central Confederate government (a policy
soon copied by some other Southern governors), which helped undermine
the overall war effort. After the war, Brown served in the U.S. Senate from
1880 to 1890.
Note: The Old Governor’s Mansion, a part of Georgia College and State University, is
located at 120 S. Clarke St. in Milledgeville. A National Historic Landmark, it was
completed in 1839 and served as the home of Georgia’s governors until 1869. In 1864,
it served as Sherman’s headquarters during his March to the Sea. Recently the mansion
underwent an award-winning, $9.5 million restoration, returning it to its circa 1850
appearance.
478.445.4545 • www2.gcsu.edu/mansion • Map location 44
T
.R.R. Cobb, Howell Cobb’s younger brother and Joseph Henry
Lumpkin’s son-in-law, graduated first in the University of Georgia class
of 1841 and became one of Georgia’s most noted lawyers. He was one of the
signers of the Georgia Ordinance of Secession and was the principal author of
the Confederate Constitution. He later served as a brigadier general in the
Army of Northern Virginia and commanded Cobb’s Legion. Ironically, he
was killed in December 1862 at the Battle of Fredericksburg, within sight of
the birthplace of his mother.
Thomas R.R. Cobb
R
obert Toombs attended the University of Georgia in the 1820s. Although
discipline problems forced him to leave the university, he went on to
become one of the South’s greatest legal minds and orators. He served Georgia
in the U.S. House of Representatives and as a U.S. Senator for 16 years before
the Civil War. Appointed the first Confederate secretary of state, he soon
resigned this office because he wanted to serve in the field. As a brigadier general, he proved himself at the Battle of Antietam when his 500 Georgians
defended Burnside’s Bridge against 12,000 attacking Federal troops, saving the
day for Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia.
Robert A. Toombs
Note: T.R.R. Cobb House is located at 175 Hill St. in Athens. His home was returned
from Stone Mountain Park to Athens in 2004 to a site near its original Prince Avenue
location. The museum, owned and operated by Watson-Brown Foundation, Inc., opened
to the public in 2007. The house is a history museum devoted to the study of the life and
times of Thomas Reade Rootes Cobb. It features tours of the house’s history, architecture,
and decorative arts, as well as other outstanding educational programming.
Old State Capitol
NOTE: Robert Toombs’ home in Washington, at 216 E. Robert Toombs Avenue, is a
state historic site. It displays many of Toombs’ personal items, papers, and furniture, as
well as a film describing his accomplishments
I
n December, 1804, Milledgeville was declared by the legislature to be the
new capital of Georgia. The new statehouse, completed in 1807, was the
first public building in America constructed in the Gothic architectural style.
On January 19, 1861, Georgia’s leaders and convention delegates passed the
Ordinance of Secession, and the “Republic of Georgia” joined the
Confederate States of America to the accompaniment of wild celebrations,
bonfires, and illuminations on Milledgeville’s statehouse square. Three years
later, on a bitterly cold November day, General William T. Sherman and
30,000 Federal troops marched into Milledgeville. When they left a few days
later, the statehouse had been vandalized and the surrounding coutryside was
devastated.
Note: The Old State Capitol building is located at 201 E. Greene St. in Milledgeville.
Today, Georgia’s Old Capitol Museum is located on the ground floor of the old statehouse on the campus of Georgia Military College. Experience real Civil War history in
the building where Georgia legislators voted to secede from the Union, and learn about
the Native Americans who lived in the area.
706.678.2226 • www.gastateparks.org • Map location 35
706.369.3513 • www.trrcobbhouse.org • Map location 13
478.453.1803 • www.oldcapitalmuseum.org • Map location 46
Leaders Trail
O
n this mostly rural, 125-mile history trail connecting many important Southern landmarks, visitors
will explore the lives of more Civil War leaders and
rich history than in any other region in the South.
Currently, the beautiful homes, museums, gardens, and documents of these important national and Southern leaders await
your arrival, unlike many Civil War sites that do not exist
today. On this trail, you will visit the sites where the Southern
political leaders’ ideas of secession had their beginning.
Ironically, it was in this region that the final Confederate
cabinet meeting took place, thus ending the Civil War.
Have a look at the accomplishments of the leaders listed below:
Georgia's Civil War Heartland Leaders
Trail Brochure produced and supported by:
Athens CVB
Madison-Morgan Welcome Center
Athens Welcome Center
Milledgeville-Baldwin County CVB
Athens, GA
706-357-4430
www.visitathensga.com
Madison, GA
706-342-4454
www.madisonga.org
Athens, GA
706-353-1820
www.athenswelcomecenter.com
Northeast Georgia Visitor
Information Center
Greene County Tourism
Oconee County Tourism
& Welcome Center
Crawford, GA
706-743-3113
www.countycommerce.org
Jackson County Area
Chamber of Commerce
Jefferson, GA
706-387-0300
www.jacksoncountyga.com
Robert A. Toombs
• C.S.A. President
• U.S. Sec. of War
• U.S. Senator
• U.S. Senator
• C.S.A. Sec. of State
• C.S.A. General
Alexander H. Stephens
• C.S.A. Vice President
• Governor of GA
• U.S. Representative
Howell Cobb
Thomas R.R. Cobb
• U.S. Sec. of Treasury
• Governor of GA
• U.S. Speaker of House
• C.S.A. General
• Principal author C.S.A.
Constitution
• C.S.A. General
• Founder UGA Sch. of Law
Crawford W. Long
• Noted Civil War-era physician
• 1st to use anesthesia in surgery
• Athens Home Guard
Lake Lanier CVB
Gainesville, GA
888-536-0005
www.gainesvillehallcvb.org
Cook & Brother musketoon made
in Athens in 1863.
Milledgeville, GA
478-452-4687
www.milledgevillecvb.com
Oglethorpe County
Chamber of Commerce
Greensboro, GA
866-341-4466
www.visitlakeoconee.com
Jefferson Davis
1855 view of the University of
Georgia’s Franklin College. Eight of the
ten delegates representing Georgia at
the Montgomery Convention and at
least seven Confederate generals were
University of Georgia alumni.
Courtesy of the Atlanta History Center
The Cobb Brothers Thomas & Howell
Civil War belt buckle worn
by Georgia troops
Gainesville, GA
770-965-9272
www.gainesvillehallcvb.org
Watkinsville, GA
706-769-5197
www.visitoconee.com
Sparta, Hancock County
Chamber of Commerce
Jefferson Davis
Sparta, GA
706-444-9664
www.spartathetruesouth.com
Alexander H. Stephens
Robert A. Toombs
Union Point Better Home Town
Union Point, GA
706-486-2351
http://dda.unionpointga.com
Washington-Wilkes
Chamber of Commerce
Washington, GA
706-678-5111
www.washingtonwilkes.org
★
Howell Cobb
Thomas R.R. Cobb
For more information about the trail overall call or email the
Athens Convention & Visitors Bureau:
James Longstreet
• Commander, 1st Corps.
Army of Northern Virginia
Joseph E. Brown
• GA Civil War-era governor
• U.S. Senator
800.653.0603 • tourinfo@visitathensga.com
www.civilwaringeorgia.com
Civil War-era desk once belonging to
Georgia Governor Joseph E. Brown.
On display at the Old Governor’s
Mansion, Milledgeville, GA.
Any of the above organizations may be
contacted for specific area information.
James Longstreet
Designed by Kudzu Graphics • Printed by Georgian Press • Athens, GA
12/08
Joseph E. Brown
Crawford W. Long
D
“
Leaders, Life, Legacy
efend yourselves, the enemy is at your door . . . !”
Robert A. Toombs thundered from the Senate floor
on January 24, 1860. Rejecting compromise,
Toombs used his influence to lead Georgia into
secession and civil war.
During this troubled time in our nation’s history, he was
but one of several Southern leaders from a small section of
East Georgia. Others included Alexander H. Stephens,
Confederate vice president; Thomas R.R. Cobb, the principal
author of the Confederate Constitution; Howell Cobb, presiWorld’s only
Double-Barreled Cannon
dent of the Confederate Provisional Congress at the
Montgomery Convention in 1861; William M.
Browne, Confederate asssistant secretary of state;
Joseph H. Lumpkin, chief justice of the Georgia
Supreme Court; Crawford W. Long, Georgia’s most
noted physician; and Joseph E. Brown, Georgia's Civil
War-era govrnor, just to name a few.
The Civil War Heartland Leaders Trail is also the
home of the Double-Barreled Cannon, the Crawford
W. Long Medical Museum, the Battle of Barber’s
Creek, the Cook and Brother Armory, the gravesite of
Robert E. Lee’s chief lieutenant (General James
Longstreet) the last cabinet meeting of the
Confederacy, the legend of the lost
Confederate gold, and
Sherman's
March to
the Sea at
Milledgeville,
Georgia's Civil War-era
capital city.
These and other sites await you on
this trail into our nation’s turbulent
past.Woven into this fabric are many
stories of the lives and legacies of
these men and others who shaped
the history of
Georgia, the South,
and the United
States of America,
then and forever.
The Ordinance of Secession
- passed and signed in
Milledgeville on January
19, 1861
★GEORGIA'S★
U
S
12
9
Cook & Brother Armory,
Athens, GA
PARK HILL DR.
WASHINGTON
GAINESVILLE SQUARE
DEPOT
3
MAIN ST.
MAPLE ST..
Y.
L PKW
RR
MLK PKWY.
RR
EXIT 20
5
EXIT 22
I-985
19
23
ST.
HILL
14
25
.
S ST
MEIG
22
OCONEE RIVER
GREENWAY
16
HANCOCK ST.
27
WASHINGTON ST.
CLAYTON ST.
BROAD ST.
28
18
H
RT
E
AV
.
1859 Lucy Cobb
Institute for Girls,
named in memory of
Thomas R.R. Cobb’s
daughter, who died
at age 13.
NO
BROAD ST.
5 thru 12
(UGA)
24
DOWNTOWN
ATHENS
ATHENS WELCOME
CENTER
ATHENS CONVENTION
& VISITORS BUREAU
The Classic Center
THOMAS ST.
TO WINDER AND
MONROE
DOUGHERTY ST.
13
20
TO
21
WA
S
Will Hodgson,
age 18, Edward
Hodgson, age 16,
Rob Hodgson,
age 14, of the
Athens Home
Guard
HIN
26
Double Parlor, 1850s Ware-Lyndon
House, Athens, GA.
GT
ON
N. OCONEE
RIVER
Crawford Long’s
pocket surgical case
Lieutenant General
James Longstreet,
Commander, 1st Corps,
Army of Northern Virginia
30
Painting depicting the first surgical
use of ether. Crawford Long Museum,
Jefferson, GA
JEFFERSON
316
ATHENS
78
WATKINSVILLE
CIVIL WAR HEARTLAND
LEADER'S TRAIL
LEXINGTON
WASHINGTON
PHILOMATH
MADISON
22
EATONTON
Crawford
31
Jefferson Davis’ camp chest,
Washington Historical
Museum
33 41
Lexington
Watkinsville
TO
CALLAWAY
33 TO
PLANTATION
COURTHOUSE
TO ATHENS
38 39
1860s Callaway Plantation,
Washington, GA
Union Major General
George Stoneman.
ROBERT TOOMBS AVE.
TO KETTLE CREEK
BATTLEFIELD
ACADEMY ST.
MACON
B
TO ATHENS /
DOWNTOWN
MADISON
E. WASHINGTON ST.
75
1801 Eagle Tavern and stagecoach stop, Watkinsville, GA
- INFORMATION
E. JEFFERSON ST.
I
A MAIN ST.
441
Philomath
34
Rayle
C
MILLEGEVILLE
16
35 36 ROBERT TOOMBS AVE.
41
AUGUSTA
SPARTA
441
40
ALEXANDER DR.
37
CRAWFORDVILLE
20
129
Battle of
Barber’s Creek
POPLAR DR.
85
129
Interior of Robert
Toombs’ house
ALEXANDER AVE.
BATTLE OF BARBER'S CREEK - On August 2, 1864,
old men and boys confronted a brigade of
Stoneman's cavalry, forcing the raiders to detour
around Athens. This saved the city's cotton mills
and the Cook & Brother Armory from destruction.
Extensive earthworks are still visible at this site.
GAINESVILLE
May 4, 1865 Confederate
President
Jefferson Davis
holds his Last cabinet meeting in
Washington, GA
Athens
316
32
TO ALEXANDER
STEPHENS HISTORIC SITE
42
Washington
Kettle Creek
Battlefield
SAVANNAH
34
441
C African-American
Museum, Madison, GA.
Photo of Civil War-era
mill workers.
Philomath National Historic
District
Union Point
Madison
B HERITAGE HALL
Built in 1811 by Dr.
Elijah Evans Jones, a
prominent physician
in Madison, Heritage
Hall is open daily for
touring and features
authentic medical
tools that were used
by Confederate doctors during the
Civil War.
Holly Court Inn,
Washington, GA. Built
ca. 1830s.
Sharon
Crawfordville
Mid-1800s Georgia Railroad
locomotive
A MADISON-MORGAN CULTURAL CENTER
Housed inside a heart pine log cabin is an
authentic Confederate uniform coat, a map
showing major routes the Union Army
followed in Georgia, a Confederate rifle
manufactured by Cook & Brother
Armory in Athens, and the official 1862
military commission of A.G. Turner.
POWELTON - This Antebellum
community was the hometown
of Governor William Rabun
(1817-19), and C.S.A. General
Cullen Andress Battle.
Old Governor's
Mansion sideboard
and Howell Cobb
portrait
The Eagle Hotel,
ca. 1840s, in
downtown
Sparta. Today,
this beautiful
antebellum
building is a
retirement home.
Eatonton
Old Capitol building.
JEFFERSON ST.
N. ELBERT ST.
Old Governor's
Mansion grand salon.
WAYNE ST.
LIBERTY ST.
CLARKE ST.
COLUMBIA ST.
Governor
Joseph E. Brown
WILKINSON ST.
44 46
MONTGOMERY ST.
45
GC&SU
TO MACON
HANCOCK ST.
22
TO SPARTA,
AUGUSTA
& I-20
44
GREENE ST.
WATKINSVILLE: This town grew up around Eagle Tavern, built in the early 1800s. Stoneman’s raiders briefly rested here on August 2, 1864, before
EATONTON - Two slave cabins
joined together to create a
home for Joel Chandler Harris/
Uncle Remus memorabilia.
First edition books, Song of
the South characters.
The servant
quarters, well,
and laundry
house at the
Alexander H.
Stephens Historic
Site
Powelton
Confederate Vice President
Alexander Stephens’ bedroom at
Liberty Hall, Crawfordville, GA
Sparta
CA. 1880 CONFEDERATE SQUARE - One
of the earliest Confederate monuments
is located in downtown Sparta in front
of the courthouse. It honors local soldiers who died in the defense of the
South.
46
continuing northward, hoping to destroy “the armory and other Confederate works at Athens.”
MADISON: is famous for its beautiful antebellum homes, which escaped destruction during the March to the Sea. Stoneman’s raiders looted stores
and burned supplies here on August 1, 1864, as they fled from the Battle of Sunshine Church. Guided tours available.
UNION POINT: Primary Georgia Railroad route during the Civil War between Athens and Augusta for Georgia soldiers travelling to join the Army
of Northern Virginia.
EATONTON: Home of author Joel Chandler Harris, this county seat housed numerous Confederate medical facilities. Two divisions of Union
Brigadier General Alpheus Williams' Federal 20th Corps marched into Eatonton on November 20, 1864, destroying its railroad facilities.
- NOT OPEN TO PUBLIC - DRIVE BY ONLY
17
ST.
DEARING ST.
OTHER HISTORIC SITES
- OPEN TO THE PUBLIC - GUIDED TOUR UPON REQUEST
COBB
15
PULASKI ST.
Jefferson
OGLETHORPE AVE.
29
29
COLLEGE AVE.
John Paul Strain’s Morning of the Third Day,
depicting General James Longstreet with
Robert E. Lee.
S
DOWNTOWN
GAINESVILLE
N
THE
TO A
A
TO ATLANT
ST.
Y.
L PKW
JEWEL
JESSE
2
JEWEL
JESSE
Brigadier General
William M. Browne,
Confederate
assistant secretary
of state, is buried in
Athens’ Oconee Hill
Cemetery.
1
GREEN ST.
LEADERS TRAIL
1.GAINESVILLE: Longstreet homesite and vineyards 1875 The granite front steps and a few terraces are all that remain of the farm home
General James Longstreet built in 1875. A modern-day statue of the general also stands on the site.
2.General James Longstreet’s Gravesite Located in Gainesville’s Alta Vista Cemetery.
3.The Piedmont Hotel 1873 Owned and operated by General Longstreet after the Civil War. The hotel’s lower north wing is being restored as a
museum on Maple Street.
4.JEFFERSON: Crawford W. Long Museum Honors the antebellum physician who attended the University of Georgia and was a roommate of
Alexander H. Stephens, the vice president of the Confederacy. Long is credited as the first physician to use ether for surgical purposes.
5.ATHENS: University of Georgia - Franklin College ca. 1800 The site of America’s oldest state-chartered university, established in 1785. After
the war, the campus served as the headquarters for occupying Federal troops. A map, showing a walking tour of campus, is available at the Athens
Welcome Center.
6.Old College ca. 1801 Athens’ oldest building, where Alexander H. Stephens and Crawford W. Long were roommates. During the Civil War the
Confederate army used Old College as a military hospital, specializing in the treatment of eye injuries.
7.Demosthenian Hall 1824 Robert A. Toombs and Benjamin H. Hill belonged to the Demosthenian Literary Society and Debate Club.
8.Phi Kappa Hall 1836 Alexander H. Stephens, Joseph Henry Lumpkin, Howell Cobb, Thomas R.R. Cobb, and Henry W. Grady belonged to the Phi
Kappa Literary Society and Debate Club. This building served as the headquarters for occupying Federal troops after the war.
9.University of Georgia Chapel 1832 Site of antebellum church services and commencement exercises.
10.The Toombs Oak Marker A Doric column pedestal marks the site of an oak tree where Robert Toombs gave a legendary speech in the 1820s.
11.University of Georgia Arch 1858 Antebellum arch modeled after the state seal of Georgia forms the entrance to Old College. This arch is the
symbol used on Georgia Confederate soldiers’ uniform buttons and belt buckles.
12. University of Georgia Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library One of the nation’s best collections of rare Confederate documents,
including the Howell Cobb collection and the Constitution of the Confederate States of America.
13.T. R. R. Cobb House Federal-style house transformed to Greek Revival in 1852. Cobb was the principal author of the Confederate Constitution.
Cobb was a Confederate general killed in 1862 at the Battle of Fredericksburg.
14/ Howell Cobb Homes Two existing homes of Howell Cobb, president of the Mongomery Convention. Delegates to this convention created the
15. Confederate States of America in 1861.
16. Ware-Lyndon House ca. 1850 This house museum displays historic artifacts, documents, furniture and medical items of the period. Both private
owners, Edward Ware and Edward Lyndon, were Civil War-era physicians.
17.Taylor-Grady House ca. 1840 This fine example of Greek Revival archtecture displays decorative arts and furniture of the period. First owner
Robert Taylor served as a general with Georgia state troops. The second owner, Captain W.S. Grady, was killed at the Battle of Petersburg, VA.
Grady’s son, Henry, became a leading voice in reunifying the nation after the war with his speeches on “The New South.”
18.Cobb-Erwin House 1828 John Addison Cobb, father of Howell and T.R.R. Cobb, built this home.
CHATTANOOGA
19.Lamar Cobb House ca. 1850s Lamar Cobb, Howell Cobb’s elder son, lived here. He was aide-de-camp to his father in the
DALTON
Army of Northern Virginia and later served in the Macon Volunteers.
20. Lucy Cobb Institute 1859 This school for young ladies, founded by T.R.R. Cobb, was named after Cobb’s daughter Lucy, who
died during its construction.
21.Cook & Brother Armory 1862 Located on E. Broad Street, this privately owned armory manufactured Enfield-style rifles and
carbines for the Confederate army. A nearby fort, built to protect the armory from invaders, is one of the best preserved Confederate
earthworks in Georgia. Outside display panels interpret the building's history.
ATLANTA
22.James Camak House 1830s Businessman and surgeon James Camak built this home on Meigs Street. In 1864, Dr. Camak was sent
20
by the state of Georgia to Richmond to look after the needs of Georgia soldiers. His own son, Captain Thomas Camak, was killed at the
Battle of Gettysburg, PA.
23.Benjamin H. Hill House 1858 Hill urged Georgia not to leave the Union, but when his state seceded he joined the Southern
85
cause. He served in the Confederate Congress and was a close friend and advisor to President Davis. After the war, he became the first
powerful voice of “The New South.”
24.Cobb-Treanor House 1840s This house once belonged to John Addison Cobb and Sarah Robinson Rootes Cobb, the parents of
Howell and Thomas R.R. Cobb.
25.Joseph Henry Lumpkin House ca. 1830s This house belonged to the first chief justice of the Georgia Supreme Court. Judge
Lumpkin had four sons who served in the Confederate Army.
26.Oconee Hill Cemetery ca. 1855 Designed by Dr. James Camak, this Athens cemetery is located near the University of Georgia.
Four Confederate generals, Howell Cobb, T.R.R. Cobb, William M. Browne and Martin L. Smith, are buried here.
27.Double-Barreled Cannon 1862 Athens citizen John Gilleland designed the world’s only double-barreled cannon. Cast at the Athens
Foundry and Machine Works, the gun never worked properly. It is now displayed on the lawn of City Hall and has become one of
Athens’ most famous landmarks.
28.Athens Confederate Monument 1871 This monument on Broad Street honors Athens-Clarke Co. soldiers who died in defense of the South.
29. Winnie Davis Memorial Hall 1902 The United Daughters of the Confederacy donated $25,000 for this memorial to Confederate
President Jefferson Davis’ daughter, Winnie. Today, the building is part of the U.S. Navy Supply Corps School on Prince Avenue.
30.CRAWFORD: Crawford Railroad Station 1848 A storage and shipping center for supplies to the Confederate army.
31. L EXINGTON: This lovely Oglethorpe County town, founded in the late 1700s, has at least 20 existing antebellum homes. Colonel Francis S.
Bartow, killed at the Battle of the First Manassas, VA, and considered the South’s first hero of the Civil War, led a regiment which included
a company raised in the Lexington area - The “Oglethorpe Rifles.”
32.PHILOMATH: On May 7, 1865, this quiet little village, then known as Woodstock, witnessed one of the Civil War’s final dramas, the capitulation of
about 350 Confederate cavalrymen, who had ridden south with President Jefferson Davis during his efforts to escape capture. After the war, former
Confederate Vice President Alexander H. Stephens renamed the place Philomath, a Greek term, which means “love of knowledge.” Today,
Philomath is recognized as a National Historic District.
33.WASHINGTON: Callaway Plantation 1860s This Greek Revival-style manor house is a living history museum. The oldest structure on the
plantation is a hewn log cabin, probably constructed around 1785. Other structures include a Federal Plainstyle house, smokehouse, schoolhouse, and barns.
34.Kettle Creek Battlefield On February 14, 1779, American patriots suprised and defeated a much larger force of Tories, handing the British their
first defeat in Georgia during the American Revolution. This decisive American victory kept the British from occupying up-country Georgia.
35.Robert A. Toombs House 1797 This state historic site tells the story of Toombs’ leadership in Civil War-era politics. Visitors can tour the house
and see a dramatic film describing Toombs’ life and service to the Confederacy.
36. Washington Historical Museum ca. 1835 An extensive collection of Civil War artifacts and documents focuses on life in this community and Jefferson
Davis’ flight from Richmond through this area.
37.Jackson Chapel A.M.E. Church 1867 The earliest surviving African-American church in Wilkes County, built by freedmen (former slaves) after
the Civil War.
38.Last Confederate Cabinet Meeting May 4, 1865 President Jefferson Davis assembled members of his cabinet in Washington and conducted
the last official business of the Confederate government. A marker on the courthouse lawn describes this historic event.
39.Washington-Wilkes Monument 1908 Erected by the “Last Cabinet” Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, the Ladies Memorial
Association, and the Sons of Veterans as a tribute of abiding love for our Southern heroes.
40.Edward P. Alexander Home 1808 This National Historic Register site is the birthplace of Confederate Brigadier General Edward P. Alexander, a
brilliant artillerist and signal officer. He served in the Army of Northern Virginia as General James Longstreet’s chief of artillery.
41. Holly Court Inn 1830 The home where Mrs. Jefferson Davis awaited her husband during his fight south after the fall of Richmond.
42.CRAWFORDVILLE: Liberty Hall Historic Site and Confederate Museum The home of Alexander H. Stephens displays his furniture, decorative art, and personal papers. A film offers visitors insights into Stephens’ personal life, as well as causes and effects of the Civil War. Downtown
Crawfordville was the location used for the movie, Sweet Home Alabama.
43.SPARTA: Before the Civil War, Sparta was one of Georgia's leading cotton producers, creating great wealth for the town. Due to this prosperity,
many remarkable homes were built. Today, there are 53 homes in the Sparta Historic District constructed before 1860. However, the effects of the
Civil War, the boll weevil, and the cotton crash after World War I ended much of the economic upswing in the town. Sparta is the home town of
Linton Stephens, Alexander Stephens' brother.
44.MILLEDGEVILLE: Old Governor's Mansion Completed in 1839, the mansion was occupied by eight governors, including Joseph E. Brown,
until the state capital was moved to Atlanta in 1868. It served as headquarters for General Sherman on November 23 & 24, 1864, and is now an
impressive museum.
45.Penitentiary Square Burned by prisoners, after many had been paroled to serve in the Confederate militia, just before nearly 30,000 troops of
Henry Slocum's Federal Left Wing arrived on November 22 & 23, 1864. This 20-acre square is now home to Georgia College and State University.
46.Statehouse Square Georgia's capitol grounds from 1807 to 1868, and now home to Georgia Military College, the site of the Secession Convention
in January 1861, and now home to GA Military College. The Gothic-styled former capitol building was recently restored and now houses a museum.
0
Y. 6
HW
Civil War Heartland
N
Gainesville
WASHINGTON ST.
CENTENNIAL
SQUARE
Georgia
Military
College
FRANKLIN ST.
DOWNTOWN
MILLEDGEVILLE
Harper's Weekly illustration of Sherman's troops hoisting the
Union flag over the Governor's Mansion on November 23, 1864.
William Sherman used the Governor's
Mansion in Milledgeville for his headquarters during the March to the Sea.
Milledgeville
In 1864 when Gen. Sherman neared
Sparta on his march to the sea, Capt.
Harry Culver, C.S.A., home on leave,
gathered what men he could find.
Shouting orders as if he had an army
behind him, Culver met the Federal
troops at Kennedy’s Store, beyond
Devereaux, and drove them toward
Sandersville, leaving Sparta unmolested.
Alexander H.
Stephens statue,
Crawfordville, GA