Program Booklet – 2016
Transcription
Program Booklet – 2016
Welcome to Trekonderoga 2016! We are very excited to have you in Ticonderoga as we boldly enter the second annual fan-run Star Trek, sci-fi and pop culture convention – “Trekonderoga”! Please extend a warm welcome to our celebrity guests: Keir Dullea, Gary Lockwood, BarBara Luna, Felix Silla, Louise Sorel, and Beverly Washburn. Get up close and personal with our guests in small Question-and-Answer sessions, and remember to take a lifetime memory home with photo ops and autographs. As you will see on our agenda, Trekonderoga -2016 has a lot for you to see and do. Take a tour of our meticulously re-created studio sets, and get your picture taken in the Captain’s Chair. Get beamed out of our Transporter room. Be part of special presentations and discussions about the Star Trek and sci-fi world, and learn more about the links to the science of today and tomorrow. On Friday night join in the Dinner with the Stars, or our ice cream social, and view the fireworks at our beautiful park by the river. Participate in costume and in our trivia contest. Join the special presentation on “2001 – A Space Odyssey” with two of the original stars. Catch the special Elvis and B-Movie Blues Brothers show on Saturday night, featuring the driving force behind the studio and convention, James Cawley. And if you want a break from the 23rd century, visit our two magnificent lakes – Lake George and Lake Champlain, or visit Fort Ticonderoga. Indeed, Ticonderoga is the only town in the entire U.S., where you can time travel from the 18th century to the 23rd century in a matter of minutes! Our warm welcome to you, and please enjoy the special, intimate nature of Trekonderoga, and your time with the stars and with each other. Live Long and Prosper, James Cawley Producer Lance Clark & Nancy Archer Executive Directors CELEBRITY BIO’S Keir Dullea Tall, slim, remote and boyishly handsome, one of Keir Dullea’s most arresting features are his pale blue eyes and, at one time, they were featured all over the screen in a number of watershed films of the 1960s. A major, up-and-coming film star from the “Camelot” years straight through the turbulent era of the U.S. Viet Nam War, he never quite reached international fame. His shining star may have suffered a power outage into the next decade, but he persevered quite well on T.V. and (especially) the stage in a career now surpassing five decades. Dullea, who was born in Cleveland, Ohio, is the son of two book-store owners, and he was raised in New York’s Greenwich Village section. He graduated from George School in Pennsylvania and attended both Rutgers and San Francisco State before deciding to pursue summer stock and regional theatre. Attending the Neighborhood Playhouse, he made his New York City acting debut in a production of “Sticks and Bones” in 1956. His first big break came with the pilot program of the Route 66 (1960) series, and he proceeded to find other TV roles in Naked City (1958), Checkmate (1960) and various dramatic programs. Following stage work in “Season of Choice” (1959) and “A Short Happy Life” (1961), Dullea made an auspicious film debut in a leading role with The Hoodlum Priest (1961), playing a troubled street gang member who crosses paths with Don Murray’s determined minister. The young actor’s characters from then on seemed to walk a dangerous tight-rope of emotions, and his apparent versatility at such a young age led him to a number of other psychologically scarred portrayals. Tending to play men younger than he really was, none were more disturbed than his haphephobic adolescent David (Dullea was twenty-six at the time) in the deeply felt love story David and Lisa (1962). Paired beautifully with Janet Margolin’s schizophrenic Lisa, Dullea won the Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Male Newcomer. In the World War II military drama The Thin Red Line (1964) he played an edgy, nervous-eyed private who is pushed to his murderous brink by a brutal sergeant on Guadalcanal. In Bunny Lake Is Missing (1965) Dullea portrayed the incestuous brother of Carol Lynley, who may or may not figure into the disappearance of Lynley’s child. Keir also costarred as the mysterious intruder who inserts an emotional wedge between gay lovers Anne Heywood and Sandy Dennis in the ground-breaking film about homosexuals, The Fox (1967). Topping that off, Dullea played the salacious Marquis De Sade himself in a relatively tame, internationally flavored production of De Sade (1969). The apex of his film career, however, came with his lead role in Stanley Kubrick’s epic science-fiction film, 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), as the astronaut Dr. David Bowman. In the realm of stage acting, Keir made his debut on Broadway in 1967 with Dr. Cook’s Garden costarring Burl Ives, and Dullea won some “flower power” stardom two years later as a sensitive young blind man who attempted to wriggle free of his protective, overbearing mother. His character also pursues love with a free-spirited girl, played by Blythe Danner, in the play “Butterflies Are Free.” By the time the movie of this story was released in 1972 both stars had been replaced by Goldie Hawn and Edward Albert. Dullea next went abroad to seek film work in England and in Canada, but with lukewarm results. He continued to show his odd-man-out appeal on the Broadway stage as “Brick” in 1970, and in the Broadway revival of “Cat on a Hot Tin Roof” in 1974, acting along with Elizabeth Ashley as “Maggie,” and in the black comedy “P.S. Your Cat Is Dead!” one year later. In the years since then, Dullea has acted steadily on the stage in New York City, and in U.S. regional theatres, in productions of “Sweet Prince,” “The Seagull” and “The Little Foxes,” among others. His cinematic roles since 1970 have included another “mysterious stranger” in The Next One (1984), and he also reprised his “David Bowman” role in 2010 (1984), the sequel to “2001: A Space Odyssey.” Dullea has had four wives: his first was actress Margot Bennett, and he and his third wife, Susie Fuller (whom he met during the British performances of “Butterflies are Free” in London), cofounded the Theater Artists Workshop of Westport in 1983. Dullea, Fuller and her two children resided in London for quite a while. After Fuller’s death in 1998, Dullea married for the fourth time in 1999 to actress Mia Dillon, who is best known for portraying the character “Babe” in in the play, “Crimes of the Heart” in New York City. Just a few weeks later they appeared together in the play “Deathtrap.” Dullea has worked infrequently in television roles. Among his more recent work in movies has been the role of a senator in The Good Shepherd (2006), along with Matt Damon and Angelina Jolie, which was directed by Robert De Niro. IMDb Mini Biography by: Gary Brumburgh / gr-home@pacbell.net Gary Lockwood Gary Lockwood was born in Van Nuys, California. He attended the University of California at Los Angeles on a football scholarship. He began his career as a movie stuntman, and a stand-in for Anthony Perkins, prior to his acting debut in 1959 in an uncredited bit role in Warlock (1959). He also appeared as a police officer in Perry Mason: The Case of the Romantic Rogue (1959). Two series came early in his career. ABC’s Hawaii-set Follow the Sun (1961), in 1961-1962, cast him in as an adventurous magazine writer in Honolulu. In 1961, he appeared as a rodeo cowboy in love with an 18-year-old singer, played by Tuesday Weld, in ABC’s Bus Stop: Cherie (1961). He then starred with Jeff Bridges in The Lloyd Bridges Show: My Daddy Can Lick Your Daddy (1963). In 1964, he starred as a young U.S. Marine lieutenant in the NBC series, The Lieutenant (1963), which was produced by Star Trek (1966) creator, Gene Roddenberry, and The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (1964) creator, Norman Felton. He then starred in another NBC television series called Kraft Mystery Theater (1959), opposite Sally Kellerman, with whom he would again appear in the second Star Trek (1966) pilot, Star Trek: Where No Man Has Gone Before (1966), as “Lt. Cmdr. Gary Mitchell”, and Kellerman as the ship’s psychiatrist, “Dr. Elizabeth Dehner”, who both develop superpowers. In 1966, he guest-starred in the episode, The Legend of Jesse James: Reunion (1966), of ABC’s The Legend of Jesse James (1965), starring Christopher Jones. That same year, he appeared as “Danny Hamil” on the episode, The Long, Hot Summer: Day of Thunder (1966), of NBC’s drama, The Long, Hot Summer (1965), based loosely on the works of William Faulkner, as well as appearing as “Jim Stark” in the two-part episode “The Raid” of CBS’s Gunsmoke (1955), with James Arness. He co-starred with Stefanie Powers (his wife at the time) in the episode, Love, American Style: Love and the Phone Booth/Love and the Doorknob (1969), of ABC’s Love, American Style (1969). In 1968, he was cast as the co-star in director Stanley Kubrick’s legendary Sci-Fi film, 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), starring as “Dr. Frank Poole”. In 1983, he made a guest-starring role as “Alex Carmen” in the Hart to Hart (1979) episode, Hart to Hart: Emily by Hart (1983), starring Robert Wagner, and [his now ex-wife] Stefanie Powers. Between 1959 and 2004, he had roles in some forty theatrical and madefor-TV features and made almost eighty TV guest appearances, including several as a villain on CBS-TV’s Barnaby Jones (1973), starring Buddy Ebsen. IMDb Mini Biography by: Anonymous\ ADDITIONAL BACKGROUN: Broke into the entertainment field as a stunt man and stand-in for actor Anthony Perkins. Appeared in the Star Trek (1966) pilot episode, Star Trek: Where No Man Has Gone Before (1966), and has since appeared at many of the “Star Trek” conventions. He recently attended the Trek Expo in Tulsa, Oklahoma (2002). Reliable over the years for playing boyish-faced bullies in westerns and police dramas. One of his most memorable TV roles, and one of the most memorable on the series, was on the Love, American Style (1969) episode, Love, American Style: Love and the Phone Booth/Love and the Doorknob (1969), in which he plays a guy who is told his mouth is too small. To test it out, he accidentally wraps his mouth around a doorknob and gets stuck! His co-star in that episode was, none other than, his wife at the time, Stefanie Powers. Best remembered today as astronaut Frank Poole in the Stanley Kubrick futuristic epic 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968). Father of daughter Samantha Lockwood with Denise DuBarry. Ironically, Lockwood’s Frank Poole character (from 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)) learns about Star Trek’s success in the novel “3001: A Final Odyssey”. Got his name from legendary director Joshua Logan, whose middle name is Lockwood. A generation later his daughter actress Samantha Lockwood is best friends with actor Billy Lockwood, who is related to the very man who gave Gary his first job! While appearing in Star Trek (1966)’s second pilot episode, Star Trek: Where No Man Has Gone Before (1966), he was required to wear heavy silver contact lenses for his character. Lockwood had difficulty wearing the lenses as they were heavy, thick, and only had one tiny hole for him to see through. He claimed, afterward, that the lenses were to blame for his later vision problems. I’m an actor. I’ve done a little bit of everything. An actor is kind of like a cowboy. The show’s over on Sunday and then you ride off to the next gig. Basically, that’s what show business is all about. Chicks love dough. Any kind. Cookies, muffins, and money. It’s kind of what life is all about. If you don’t have some of that recognition between now and the time you die, it wouldn’t be a hell of a lot of fun being here. But I’ve been blessed throughout my life to have those kinds of accolades. I’ve just been lucky. I’ve been very fortunate. I’ve played football, I’ve crashed cars, I chased a lot of girls, I’ve got a great education, I’ve done stunt work, and I got to work with many wonderful people in my career. What more could I have asked for? BarBara Luna BarBara Luna was born in Manhattan and virtually grew up on Broadway. Rodgers & Hammerstein cast her in the Broadway hit musical “South Pacific” to create the role of Ezio Pinza’s daughter, Ngana, which was spoken and sung (Dites-Moi) entirely in French. When she outgrew her sarong, Luna, as she prefers to be called, was cast again by Rodgers & Hammerstein to appear in “The King & I” as one of the Siamese children. By the time the show was closing, she had advanced to “swing girl” of the company. With only several months left before graduating high school and not wanting to go on tour with the show, Luna decided to audition for the understudy role of Lotus Blossom in “Teahouse of the August Moon”. Not only was she hired, eight months later, Luna was given the starring role in the first national touring company for three years. This role was spoken entirely in Japanese! While she was appearing with “Teahouse” in Los Angeles, Luna was discovered by director Mervyn Leroy to portray the blind girl, Camille, and love interest to Frank Sinatra in “The Devil at 4 O’clock” also starring Spencer Tracy. This led to other films, such as “Firecreek” with James Stewart & Henry Fonda. Working under the direction of Stanley Kramer in “Ship of Fools” with International legends, Vivian Leigh, Simone Signoret, Oskar Werner, and Lee Marvin, was not only challenging but, one of the highlights in Luna’s career. Portraying “Cat”, queen bee of the prison in “The Concrete Jungle”, which is now considered a cult film, was an even greater challenge, after all, how often does one get to portray a drug pushing lesbian killer? Irwin Allen’s “Five Weeks in a Balloon”, starring Red Buttons, Fabian and Barbara Eden gave Luna another chance to work with several other film legends; Peter Lorre, Sir Cedric Hardwicke and Herbert Marshall. Her versatile and timeless look, along with her talent, has afforded Luna the opportunity to have a lengthy television career as well. Luna feels honored to be so well remembered for her portrayal of Marlena Moreau in the alltime classic episode, “Mirror Mirror” from the original “Star Trek” series. She has guest starred on nearly five hundred television shows. Some of her favorites are: Walt Disney’s “Zorro”, “The Big Valley”, “Hawaii Five-O”, “Buck Rogers in the 25th Century” and “The Outer Limits”. Luna continued to keep one foot on Broadway. In between film commitments, she appeared in five companies of “West Side Story” in the role of Anita, including a revival at Lincoln Center in New York City. Her last Broadway show was “A Chorus Line” in the role of Diana Morales, she sang the beautiful Marvin Hamlish tune, “What I Did For Love”. This inspired the multitalented Luna to meet “Hairspray” Tony award winners Marc Shaiman and Scott Whitman to prepare a nightclub act for her… and that they did; “An Evening with BarBara Luna”. In a New York review, after her first engagement, it read: “Ms. Luna can take the Cabaret scene by storm”. This review was noticed by agent Lee Solomon of the William Morris office. He called, and booked Luna to open for Bill Cosby at the Concord Hotel in the Catskills and Caesars Palace in Atlantic City While Luna was singing at Freddies in NYC, she was offered the world of Soap Opera. After a six-month stint of creating the role of Anna Ryder on “Search for Tomorrow”, she was then offered a two-year contract to portray Maria Roberts on” One Life to Live”. This character very quickly became notorious and extremely popular as “The Bitch everyone loved to hate.” After leaving “One Life to Live”, Luna wanted to travel. Happily, she co-hosted “The Alpen Tour”, a television special for the Travel Channel sponsored by TWA airlines. This was filmed throughout Europe. Luna says, “Ask and you shall receive”! Upon her return to Los Angeles, Luna performed her club act to sell-out crowds at Tom Rolla’s Gardenia Cabaret and the Cine-grill at the Hollywood Roosevelt hotel. After taking a ten-year sabbatical, Aaron Spelling hired Luna for the role of Sydney Jacobs, a jewelry fence on “Sunset Beach”. Luna then made her first trip to the Philippines to film a movie for Showtime called “Noriega: God’s Favorite” starring Bob Hoskins. She laughs about this because her scenes ended up on the cutting room floor! However, it was worth the trip, working with Mr. Hoskins was a treat. This past year, Luna performed at Arci’s Supper Club on Park Avenue in NYC. Hosting the Ms. Roanoke Beauty Pageant for the last three years has been a great experience. Having been a protégé of Richard Rodgers, Luna was thrilled when she was asked to perform at Town Hall for his 100th Anniversary celebration, also in NYC. BarBara Luna feels since she has been given so much, it is important to give her time, talent and support to charitable causes whenever needed. Luna is a member of “The Thalians”, a charity foundation at Cedars Sinai Hospital. Traveling around the world to attend Star Trek conventions and meeting the fans has been very informative, heart-warming, rewarding and loads of fun… for this she is grateful. Luna is an avid sports fan, loves playing golf, tennis and dancing on roller skates. Felix Silla Felix Silla was born on January 11, 1937 in a small village outside Rome, Italy. Silla trained as a circus performer, came to the United States in 1955, and toured with the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Show. His multiple talents — as a bareback rider, trapeze artist and tumbler — brought him to Hollywood where he became a stuntman, starting with the Gig YoungShirley Jones vehicle, A Ticklish Affair (1963). His best known roles are the maniacal, miniature “Hitler” who menaces George Segal in The Black Bird (1975) and “Cousin Itt” on the long-running TV series, The Addams Family (1964). He had doubled–often for children–in such hits as The Towering Inferno (1974), The Hindenburg (1975) and Battlestar Galactica (1978). Between movies, he frequently appears in Las Vegas and Reno night clubs with his own musical combo, “The Original Harmonica Band”. Silla and wife Sue Silla — a “little person”, like himself — have been married since 1965 and have two children, Bonnie and Michael. – IMDb Mini Biography by: Anonymous He arrived in the United States at age 16, he spoke not a word of English and had no formal acting experience, but credits joining the Ringling Bros. circus with teaching him both language and performance skills, working first in the sideshow and then becoming skilled as both a clown and a bareback rider. His audition for his most famous role, television’s “Cousin Itt” of The Addams Family (1964), was as mysterious to him at the time as the popular character would soon be to millions of viewers. Arriving at the studio, he received little more than a quick looking over by the director and producer, who merely said “That’s Itt!” and told him to come back Monday morning and report for work. He returned home for the weekend, pleased to have passed the audition but still completely unaware of who (or what) he had been hired to portray on The Addams Family (1964). Not until Monday morning, just hours before he made his debut as “Cousin Itt”, did he have any idea as to the nature of the character. Although the character of “Cousin Itt” did not debut on The Addams Family (1964) until over a third of the way through the entire series, Silla’s delightfully odd and inspired performance of the character made him so popular that “Cousin Itt” was carried over into both the animated series and the motion picture versions of “The Addams Family”, even though the character was a creation of television producer David Levy and not part of the original Charles Addams cartoons (neither was the character of “Thing”). Was almost killed while working as the stunt double for “Short Round” in Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984) during the filming of the river rapids scene. The life raft in which he was riding flipped over in the turbulent water and he was trapped underneath it for some time with a faulty inflatable life vest, nearly drowning until a safety diver could reach him and pull him to safety. His favorite role is that of “Litvak”, the maniacal foe of George Segal in 1975’s The Black Bird (1975). Father, with wife Sue Silla, of Bonnie and Michael. Beverly Washburn Beverly Washburn was born on November 25, 1943 in Los Angeles, California, USA. She is an actress, known for Old Yeller (1957), Spider Baby or, The Maddest Story Ever Told (1967) and Here Comes the Groom (1951). Aunt of actress Darlene Tompkins. Sister of George Washburn. Interviewed in “Growing Up on the Set: Interviews with 39 Former Child Actors of Classic Film and Television”, by Tom Goldrup and Jim Goldrup (McFarland, 2002). Personal Quotes [her memories of working on Shane (1953)] The movie was shot on location in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Alan Ladd and I both went up the chair lift to the top of a mountain. I went down the lift by myself, but Ladd was too scared to come down! Finally, they sent a helicopter to rescue him; he was too chicken to go down. The cast and crew never let him hear the end of it! [on how she was cast in Spider Baby or, The Maddest Story Ever Told (1967)] How I got that role is a story in itself. One day I was shopping at a grocery store in Los Angeles, where I lived, and I noticed that every time I looked up, there was a guy in the same aisle staring at me. He seemed to be following me and finally he approached me and said, “I’m sorry to bother you, and I don’t mean to be staring, but aren’t you an actress? You look very familiar.” He then said he was involved in the making of a horror movie and would like me to come in and audition. I wasn’t sure if he was for real because the auditions that I always went on were set up through my agent. He then said the name of the movie was “Cannibal Orgy”. Although he was very nice, it seemed a little odd to me, but then he said the film was starring legendary horror icon Lon Chaney Jr. I still wasn’t sure if he was for real, but he didn’t ask for my home phone number, he just gave me the audition info and told me to have my agent get in touch with them. That made it seem legitimate, so I had my agent call the next day and set it up. General Admission Ticket $45 Your General Admission Ticket Includes the following: •A guided tour of our movie sets and prop displays •Special talks by individual Stars and question and answer sessions (except for “2001” sold separately) •Numerous presentations and workshops •Costume contest/cosplay (as a participant or a spectator) •Trivia contest •Viewing of our special vehicles •Free Photo Op with the B-Movie BluesMobile •Access to Vendor’s table Special Events Tickets (Require a General Admission Ticket Also) VIP Package #1 (includes General Admission Ticket) $380 VIP Package #2 (includes General Admission Ticket) $190 Friday Dinner with the Stars and Comedy Act $35 Photo Op with A Star on the Bridge or in the Transporter Room $30 “2001 Memories” with Keir Dullea and Gary Lockwood $30 Beam Outs $195 Photo Op of Yourself on the Bridge in the Captain’s Chair $20 Gen Adm or Set Tour Ticket Required Photo Op with the TARDIS $20 Other Events Elvis and The B-Movie Blues Brothers Show $25 – Open to the public Celebrity Autographs Price set by each star Ice Cream Social Open to all- buy what you eat Set Tour Only $20 Tickets – open to the public and are sold at the door Trekonderoga Rules and Regulations Trekonderoga is a public event and will take place regardless of weather conditions. Tickets are non-refundable. Parking is available at the North Country Community College, the Elks/BPOE, the lots behind the Burleigh Lunchette on Montcalm Street, and beside Aubuchon’s Hardware. You may also use on-street parking as any other driver does. The Studio parking lot is reserved for our celebrities, convention staff and outside displays only. All seating is on a first-come, first-served basis in all programming rooms. However, please observe any reserved signs for these seats. Purchase of a convention ticket does not guarantee a guest's autograph, although there are ample autograph hours so everyone can get the autographs they want. Attendees are responsible for attending the scheduled autograph session(s) to secure a guest's autograph. Causing a disruption in any of the convention venues is grounds for immediate expulsion from the convention. Convention Area means any room or area of the Star Trek the Original Series Set Tour building, the Vendor's area, and any rooms used to present programs and events. You must wear your convention badge to gain admittance to all convention areas. Badges are non-transferable. The exceptions are the fireworks, the ice cream social, and the Vendors' room, which are open to the public. Lost badges will be replaced at Registration for a $20.00 fee with proper photo identification. Attendees should be aware that convention activities may be videotaped or photographed by other members and the press. The photographer should ask for your permission prior to taping or photographing you at the convention. Attendees should be aware that they may appear in the background of someone else's video or photo and are responsible for notifying the particular photographer if they do not wish to be included in the image. Smoking is prohibited in all Trekonderoga facilities. Attendees should use designated smoking areas outside. Celebrity guest's contracts normally prohibit videotaping of their stage appearance. Videotaping of other programming events is subject to the approval of the person(s) on stage or who is otherwise doing the presenting. Video and still cameras may not be used in the Vendor's area. There are no exceptions. Videos may not be taken of the sets, although still pictures while touring are allowed. Requesting a guest's personal information is considered harassment and is grounds for expulsion from the convention unless it is official Trekonderoga staff carrying out Trekonderoga business. Examples include a convention attendee asking a guest for their hotel room number, travel itinerary or other contact information that the guest considers private. On-stage presentations of gifts or awards to or by any member or guest must be pre-approved by the Trekonderoga convention chairs. Attempting to make a presentation without approval is grounds for expulsion from the convention. No gun play, swordplay, or other weaponry use, whether with real weapons or props, is allowed at any time unless it is taking place at a demonstration event scheduled by the convention. All weapons must remain holstered or sheathed. Items considered weapons include but are not limited to: paint ball or splatter guns, prop, blank or cap guns; laser tag guns; light sabers; swords, knives and similar articles with edges, blades and/or projectile capability. Laser target designators or laser pointers are not allowed in the convention areas (except as used by guest speakers for convention sanctioned events such as a presentation). Animals are not allowed in the convention with exception of service animals and other accesses as required by law. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) allows for trained service animals to accompany their matched partner in a place of business. Per the ADA, service animals are: (a) individually trained animals matched with a specific disabled person to perform assistance tasks for that person; and (b) working animals, not pets. The following animals are not considered ADA service animals and are not allowed in the convention: (a) household pets; (b) animals in training to be service animals who are not accompanying their matched partner; and' (c) animals used for emotional support or easing anxiety. This rule also applies to Search and Rescue (SAR) animals in training. Parents are responsible for the behavior of their children. If a child is seen behaving in a disruptive manner or in a way that might cause harm to themselves, others, sets, or equipment, Trekonderoga reserves the right to ask that the parent accompany the child at all times when in convention areas. Alcoholic beverages are not allowed in Trekonderoga spaces. Possession or consumption of alcohol at the convention will result in immediate expulsion. Convention attendees are further advised to follow New York's Drug and Alcohol Abuse laws outside of the convention. The drinking age in New York is 21. What constitutes a violation of all convention rules and policies will be determined by the Trekonderoga co-chairs, staff, and/or executive committee.