NANOTECHNOLOGY AND NANO MATERIALS – APPLICATIONS

Transcription

NANOTECHNOLOGY AND NANO
MATERIALS – APPLICATIONS AND
GLOBAL MARKET ANALYSIS
Dr. Thomas Abraham
Innovative Research and Products (iRAP), Inc.
P.O. Box 16760, Stamford, CT 06905, USA
Tel: 203-569-7909
E-mail: tabraham@innoresearch.net
Web: www.innoresearch.net
iRAP
Innovative Research and Products, Inc.
www.innoresearch.net
Organization of the Presentation
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Next Gen Applications
Material Types
Commercial Products
Applications
Market Analysis:
Background
• Nanomaterials Markets
• Nanoceramics Materials
iRAP
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Nanotubes
Nanocomposites
Nanoelectronics
Nanophotonics
Nanomagnetics
Nanopatterning
Nanotechnology for
Life Sciences
• Conclusions
Nanoscience
• Structures smaller than a length characteristic of a
phenomenon exhibit new chemistry & physics
• in the 1 to 100 nm range Conductivity, Electronic
structure, Reactivity, Melting, Freezing, Color,
Strength all change with great potential
iRAP
Nanotechnology
• Working with these structures, one by
one, or cluster by cluster to design and
develop stronger & lighter materials,
faster acting switches, drugs & cosmetics,
more storage
iRAP
Definitions
•
Nanotechnology is the ability to synthesize,
characterize, and manipulate matter at the sub100 nm length scale.
•
Nanomateirals are characterized by structural
features of sub-100 nm sizes
iRAP
Scope of the Challenge
• Nanotechnology is evolving rapidly!
• A $2.5 trillion business globally by 2014
• An estimated 1 million workers in R&D and
production, or using nanomaterials or
products.
• The US leads the world in investing and in
the number of “Nanotech Companies”
• The global picture is changing!
iRAP
NANOTECH INVESTMENTS
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Examples of Next Generation
Applications
– Advanced Computing – Nanoelectronic devices based on quantum
dots
– Electronics – Carbon Nanotube Conductors or Semiconductors
– Cancer Treatment – Nanoparticles for targeting breast cancer cells
– Energy Storage – Cathodes fabricated from nanomaterials
– Engineered Textiles – Nanofibers
– Environment – Nanomaterial-based photocatalyst
– Metalworking – Nanoengineered copper, nanophase titanium
alloys
– Packaging – Nanocomposite plastics
– Pharmaceuticals – Antimicrobial nanocoatings on wound
dressings
– …And the list goes on.
iRAP
Material Types
•
•
•
•
•
Carbon black
Silica fumes
Clay
Metal/alloys
Ceramics
Used in tires and other rubber products, fillers,
pigments, synthetic bone, polishing slurries,
pharma additives, sunscreen lotion and
polymer composites.
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Synthetic Strategies
Top → Down
Bulk particulate materials are broken down into smaller and smaller particles
Process key – control energy input and contamination
Example – high energy ball milling
Typically performed on solids or dispersed solids
Source: Nanophase Technologies Corp.
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Synthetic Strategies
•
Bottom → Up
Nanoparticles are built up atom/molecule at a time
Energy is required for promoting the reactions
Process key – control nucleation and growth
Example – flame synthesis of titanium dioxide
Typically done in gas or liquid phases
Vs. Top → Down approach, usually Bottom → Up products have higher purity, better
particle size/surface chemistry control
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Gas Phase Synthesis
• Vapor Condensation
Sublimation
• Vapor Reaction
Flame synthesis
Source: Nanophase
Technologies Corp.
iRAP
Gas Phase Synthesis
Physical Vapor Synthesis (PVS)
NanoArc Synthesis (NAS™)
Solid precursor (powder or
metallic rod)
Patented process, equipment, and
materials
iRAP
Liquid Phase Synthesis
• Precipitation – solvent removed by filtration or centrifuging
Clear solutions
Molecules are combined or reacted to form insoluble molecules
Particles are built by nucleating and growing insoluble molecules
Process key – control agglomeration
Examples:
- Hydrolysis (pH)
- Co-precipitation
add precipitation agents
- Homogeneous precipitation
precipitation agents produced
In-situ
- Redox reactions
- Decomposition
iRAP
Liquid Phase Synthesis
• Evaporation – solvent removed by evaporation
Simple evaporation – dissolve and evaporate
Aerosol – solvent evaporates form small liquid droplets in gas phase
Microemulsion – solvent evaporated from emulsion droplets in liquid phase
Freeze drying – solvent removed from frozen liquid
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Nanoceramic Powders
– Nanoceramic powders constitute an important segment
of the whole nanostructured materials.
– Constitute more than 50% of the total nanostructured
materials.
Nanotubes
– Conductors or semiconductors
– Strong materials with good thermal conductivity
Nanocomposites
– Generally polymer based with nanosized fillers
iRAP
Commercial Products
• Nanoceramics are available commercially in the form of dry powders or
liquid dispersions.
• The most commercially important nanoceramic materials are simple
metal oxides, silica (SiO2), titania (TiO2), alumina (Al2O3), iron oxide
(Fe3O4, Fe2O3), zinc oxide (ZnO), ceria (CeO2) and zircona (ZrO2).
• Silica and iron oxide nanoparticles have a commercial history spanning
half a century or more
• Of increasing importance are the mixed oxides and titanates
– indium-tin oxide (In2O3-SnO2 or ITO)
– antimony-tin oxide (ATO),
– barium titanate (BaTiO3).
• Nanocrystalline titania, zinc oxide, ceria, ITO, and other oxides have
more recently entered the marketplace.
iRAP
Commercial Products Cont’d…
• Nonoxide ceramics, such as tungsten carbide (WC) - Under
development and available in small- or pilot-scale quantities
• Except semiconducting oxides such as titania and ITO,
semiconductor nanocrystals are not yet used in large-scale
commercial applications; the technology to produce and
utilize nanocrystalline semiconductors, often called
quantum dots, is relatively new and rapidly developing.
• Two main types of nanotubes: Single Wall Nanotubes
(SWNT) and Multi Wall Nanotubes (MWNT)
• SWNT – Research materials with limited applications, large
future potential
• MWNT – Used in thermoplastic nanocomposites
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What’s Now? What’s Next?
An analysis of selected nanomaterial applications
What’s hot?
What’s
Now?
What’s
Next?
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What’s not?
Magnetic recording
CMP
tapes
Sunscreens
Magnetic Sealing
Biomagnetic Contrast
Hard Disks Separations
Agents
Power
and Heads
Functional
Transformer
Coatings
Cores
Photocatalysts
Propellants
Biochips
Memory Devices
Drug delivery
Transistor Technologies
What’s Now?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CMP
Magnetic fluid sealing
Transparent functional coatings
Magnetic recording tapes
Hard disks and GMR heads
Power transformer cores
Sunscreens
MRI contrast agents
Biomagnetic separations…
Sports Equipment
iRAP
Chemical-Mechanical Polishing
(CMP)
• Planarization of metal and dielectric layers on semiconductor
wafers
• Typical abrasives used:
– Silica
– Alumina
– Ceria and others
Left: Unplanarized layers.
Right: CMP-processed layers.
Source: Peter Wolters AG
iRAP
Magnetic Fluid Sealing
• Dispersions of
superparamagnetic iron
oxide (ferrofluids)
• Current: Loudspeakers,
hard disk drives,
vacuum feedthroughs
• Future: MEMS/NEMS
and bioapplications
Source: Ferrotec Corp.
Source: MIT
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Transparent Conductive Coatings
• Indium tin oxide (ITO)
–
–
–
–
CRTs
Photographic films
FPD electrodes
Touch screens
• Films produced by:
– Vapor deposition or
– Nanoparticle technology
iRAP
Source: 3M
Magnetic Recording Tapes
• Magnetic storage technology
used for:
–
–
–
–
–
Audio cassettes
Videocassettes
Data storage tapes
Floppy disks
Hard disks, etc.
• High aspect ratio magnetic
particles basis for magnetic
layer of tapes
– Iron oxide or Co-iron oxide
– Iron and iron-cobalt
iRAP
Source: S. Onodera, MRS Bulletin
[21, 9, 1996]
300 nm
Power Transformer Cores
• Toroidal tape-wound cores
for power transformers
• Vacuumschmelze Vitroperm
• Advantages:
–
–
–
–
iRAP
Lower weight
Reduced volume
Higher efficiency
Expanded temp range
Source: Vacuumschmelze
Sunscreens: Background
• UVB exposure
sunburn, carcinomas
• UVA exposure
melanoma, premature aging
• Nanoscale TiO2 and ZnO particles provide broadspectrum UV protection in a transparent formulation
• Opportunities in sensitive skin and baby
• sunscreens, also daily wear products
iRAP
MRI Contrast Agents
Agent Type
Signal Intensity
Impact
Examples
Paramagnetic
Positive
Ionic chelated gadolinium, iron
or manganese, such as MnCl2 or
Gd-DTPA; oil emulsions
Superparamagnetic
Negative
Nanoscale iron oxide
Diamagnetic
Negative
(Experimental) barium sulfate
suspensions; clay minerals
Perfluorochemicals
Negative
Perfluoroctylbromide
Source: BCC, Inc.
iRAP
Contrast-Enhanced
MRI Image
Source: Advanced Magnetics &
Steven E. Harms, University of
Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Gadolinium-based contrast agents
• First to gain regulatory approval
• Believed to have 60% of world market
• Usage extends beyond approved
indications
Biomagnetic Separations
• Superparamagnetic iron oxide in the form of particle
aggregates or composite beads
• Major applications
– Cell sorting
– Nucleic acid extraction/purification
– Bacterial detection
Source: Dynal Biotech
iRAP
Applications of Carbon Nanotubes for
composites and displays in the market
iRAP
Imaging and diagnostics
NanoPlex biomarker detection. These silica-coated, surface enhanced
Raman scattering (SERS)-active metal nanoparticles allow robust,
ultrasensitive, highly-multiplexed biomarker quantitation in any
biological matrix, including whole blood
iRAP
What’s Next?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Photocatalysis
Propellants
Drug delivery
Disease treatment
Biochips
Magnetic RAM
Silicon nanocrystal memory
Nanotube or nanowire memory
Logic technologies…
iRAP
Photocatalysis
• Photocatalytic reactions can purify
water, air, surfaces, and fabrics
• “Self-cleaning” or “anti-fogging”
properties
• TiO2 nanocrystals / films
• Large interest in Japan
• Potential impact in number of market
segments:
–
–
–
–
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Automotive
Lighting
Medical
Construction, etc.
Right half of mirror only coated with
photocatalytic film.
Source: TOTO, Ltd.
Propellants
• Of the 502,126 kg of
propellant used in the solid
rocket boosters of the
Space Shuttle, 16% (80,340
kg) is atomized aluminum
powder
• Nanoscale aluminum
powder higher burn rates?
Source: NASA
iRAP
Drug Delivery
and Disease Treatment
• Potential to revolutionize
cancer treatment
• Nanocrystals: Effective
agents for selective
targeting and destruction
of cancer cells?
– Small particle size
– Surface
functionalization
possible
– Unique properties
(magnetic, optical)
iRAP
Source: FeRx, Inc.
Biochips
• Magnetic particle targeting
combined with sensitive
magnetometers
• OR SEMICONDUCTOR
PARTICLES….
• Goal: specific, sensitive,
quantitative and rapid detection
of biological targets
• Impact: Protein or nucleic acid
assays for complex biological
media and point-of-care testing
iRAP
Source: Quantum Design, Inc.
Magnetic RAM
• Spintronic device; exploits spin of e- for
information storage
• Touted as “universal memory”
Source: IBM Research
iRAP
Silicon Nanocrystal Memory
• Flash memory alternative
• Silicon nanocrystals or quantum dots replace
continuous silicon film
Source: Edwin C. Kan, Cornell University
iRAP
Nanotube or Nanowire Memory
• Near term: nanotube “ribbons”
• Longer term: single nanotubes or nanowires
and ultrahigh density
• Trailblazer: Nantero, Inc.
Source: U.S. Patent 6,574,130, issued to Nantero, Inc.
iRAP
Logic Technologies
• Carbon nanotube FETs
• Semiconductor nanowire
FETs
• Single electron transistors
• Near-term: Hybrid nano/
microelectronic architecture
• Long-term: New logic
architectures
•
•
•
•
•
iRAP
Bottom-up fabrication
Ultrahigh device density
Fault tolerance
Reprogrammability
High speed
Source: L. Lauhon, et al., Nature, 420 (November, 2002) 57-61.
Practical applications: Hemostasis
Hemostasis can be achieved in less than 15 seconds, in multiple tissues, as
well as a variety of different wounds, using a self-assembling peptide
Source: Rutledge Ellis-Behnke, MIT
iRAP
GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS IN
SELECT SEGMENTS, 2006
$ MILLION
Current Growth
Rate (%)
14,000
9.3
Nanoceramics
700
9.0
Nanotubes (SWCNT & MWCNT)
150
20
Nanocomposites
150
18
For Nanoelectronics
30
>40
For Energy/Catalysis/Structural
325
30
Nanofibers
40
36
For Electronic/Magnetic/Optoelectronic
500
16
For Bioned/Pharma/Cosmetics
170
27
Nanomaterials
(includes carbon black, polycrystalline
calcium carbonate and silica fumes)
iRAP
GLOBAL NANOTECHNOLOGY MARKET IN
SELECT SEGMENTS, 2006
CATEGORY
Nanophotonics
Nanomagnetics
Nanopatterning
Nano for Life Sciences
Nanofiltration
Membranes
iRAP
$
MILLION
>1,000
6,000
65
1,200
90
Current
Growth
Rate (%)
>50
20
40
30
26
Conclusions
• Nanoscale materials engineering will have an increasingly
important impact on a number of sectors, including
biotechnology, electronics, energy, and industrial products
• Nano-sized ceramic powder market is likely to grow with a
healthy growth rate of about 10% per year in the next five
years
• SWNT are likely to see some exciting applications such as
microscope probe tips (already commercially available), field
emission devices (one device, an X-ray fluorometer which
makes use of a cold cathode nanotube is commercially
available) and some membrane applications. MWNT filled
polymers are successful commercial products in automotive
applications.
• Nanocomposites have found niche applications such as
automotive (under the hood and exterior) and beverage
packaging.
iRAP
Conclusions Cont’d…
• More companies will enter the nanomaterials market. At
the same time, there will be increasing number of business
relations such as technology licensing and joint marketing
to achieve faster commercialization of the new products
• The research and development funding for nanotechnology
and nanomaterials will continue to increase in this decade.
• Numerous technological and market hurdles to
commercialization exist. Success can be achieved only
with a keen understanding of the basic science as applied
to actual production requirements and market needs.
iRAP
HOW TO MAKE AN EARLY
MARKET ENTRY
• Consider developing a nanoenabled product
in your current product line.
• Instead of getting into synthesis technology
to product nanomaterials, use currently
available nanomaterials to make value
added products.
• Consider technology licensing and/or joint
venture as a way for an early entry.
iRAP
HOW TO MAKE AN EARLY
MARKET ENTRY (Cont’d)
• Participate in a university or national lab
based cooperative research program
• Try acquisition as a route to make an early
entry into the field
• Use the service of a technology and market
research consultant who could evaluate your
current technologies and products and make
suggestions on what nanotechnology
products should be pursued
iRAP
EXAMPLES NANO COMPANIES
SUPPORTED BY ANGELS
• NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES INC.
• NANODYANAMICS
• SUPERIOR MICRO PRODUCTS, Part of
Cabot now
• NANOVIRICIDES
• NANOSYS INC.
• EVIDENT TECHNOLOGIES
• ZYVEX
iRAP
COMPANIES WITH BAD
EXPERIENCE FOR ANGELS
• NANO OPTO
• NANOMAT
• QUANTUM DOT CORP.
iRAP
IMPORTANT OF MARKET
RESEARCH
• BEFORE ANY ANGELS INVEST THEIR
CAPITAL, MUST HAVE AN
INDEPENDENT INDUSTRY AND
MARKET ANALSYIS
• HELPS THE BROKERS, CONSULTANTS
AND THE ANGELS
• SHOULD MAKE SURE THE MARKET
RESEARCH FIRM HAS AN ANALYST
WHO KNOWS ABOUT THE INDSUTRY
AND TECHNOLOGY
iRAP
NANOTECH CAFÉ RECENT
HEADLINES
• N ANOTECH INDUSTRY MOVING
FROM R&D TO PRODUCTION WITH
OVER 500 CONSUMER ITEMS
ALREADY AVAILAB LE
• NANO PET PRODUCTS – DOG GONE
SAMRT™ WEAR BRAND DOG
APPAREL
• NANO FIBER MEDIA FILTRATION
USING NANOSPIDER TECHNOLOGY
For Motor Vehicles and Filtration
iRAP
–
RECENT HEADLINES FROM
NANOTECH CAFÉ NEWS
• CALUTECH UV LIGHTS INTRODUCES
AIR DUCT UV PURIFIERS FOR
STERILIZING AIR WHILE HEATING
AND AIR CONDITIONING
• INDUSTRIAL NANOTECH SUPPLIES
NANSULATE NANOTECHNOLOGY
ENERGY SAVING AND CORRSION
PROTECTION COATINGS FOR
TEXTILE DYEING AND FINISHING
iRAP
Dr. Thomas Abraham
• Ph.D. - Materials Science
(Columbia Univ.)
• 27 years of industry
experience
• 23 years experience in
market research and
industry analysis
• Advanced materials,
nanomaterials &
nanotechnology
iRAP
iRAP Reports
Reports Completed
• Nanomatrerials, Nanoceramics, CMP
•Ultracapacitors
•Thin Film Batteries
•Auto Electric Products
•Piezoelectric Operated Motors and Actuators
•MEMS Microphones
•Micro Fuel Cells for Flexible Handheld Devices
•Electroactive Polymer Devices
iRAP
THANK YOU
Dr. Thomas Abraham
President
Innovative Research and Products (iRAP)
P.O. Box 16760, Stamford, CT 06905, USA
Tel: 203-569-7909
E-mail: tabraham@innoresearch.net
Web: www.innoresearch.net
iRAP

NANOTECHNOLOGY AND NANO MATERIALS – APPLICATIONS

Transcription

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