Syed Ferhat Anwar, PhD Professor Professor Institute of Business

Syed Ferhat Anwar, PhD
Professor
Institute of Business Administration (IBA)
University of Dhaka
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University ranking was first initiated in 1983
in the United States by US News and World
Reports
Today more than 100 different ranking
Today,
systems are practiced accross the world
Ranking are a mix of subjectively perceived
"quality," with a topping of statistical
manipulation
Informants are usually: educators, scholars,
students, or civil society
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Ranking based upon both qualitative
judgement and statistics may have some
biases
They have two fold impact
◦ they provide an impetus for institutions to perform
better
◦ they provide a tool that helps prospective students
choose a tertiary education provider of their choice
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Some critcism
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Lack of standard format
Criticism of all
Subjectivity
Bias towards size
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The simplest of the methodology is based on
hits on web site and cross reference of the
site on other web sites.
This is called the G
G-Factor
Factor rating
rating.
This methodology assumes that the highest
presence in social networks decide the
popularity of a university
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FORBES is considered as the most objective
system in the US
Considers the test scores of the entrance
examinations for universities
It also includes
◦ reputation in terms of size of student body
◦ and passing percentage
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The second has its origin in Russia
undertaken
Russian
Academic
d t k by
b RATER and
dR
i A
d i
Society
Rating is based on expert opinion
It considers seven factors:
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academic performance,
research
h performance,
f
faculty expertise,
resource availability,
socially significant activities of graduates,
international activities,
p
and international opinion
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The third differentaited method is the Higher
Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of
Taiwan (HEEACT) method
The method employs ‘Bibliometrics’ with focus on
research p
productivity,
y, research impact,
p , and research
excellence
Ranking includes eight indicators:
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articles published over prior 11 years;
citations
i i
off those
h
articles,
i l
current articles,
current citations,
average citations
citations,
"H-index",
number of "highly–cited papers"
and high impact journal articles
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An Australian intiative called High Impact
Universities Research Performance Index
(RPI)is another popular method
The focus is on bibliometrics but studies
1000 selected universities for the sample
Uses the top five faculties of the university for
comparison
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The next method uses Human Resources and
labor Review
This focuses on the ultimate employment of
the graduate in a period of 5 years since
graduation
The study entails 1000 samples selected
randomly
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The SCImago Institutions Rankings (SIR) is a
Spanish Rating system
It considers only the member institutions for
ranking
The ranking measures areas such as:
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research output
output,
international collaboration,
normalized impact
and publication rate
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The Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) World
University Ranking is a British initiative
The methodology uses expert opinion of
samples taken from
◦ 15,050 scholars and academics,
,
employment
p y
recruiters
◦ and 5,007
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Thus is a peer reviewed system ascertaining
simple ranking of universities based on
reputation
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The Professional Ranking of World University
is a Paris based initiative which focusses on
output
Its main compilation criterion is the number
of Chief Executive Officers (or equivalent) in
the Fortune Global 500 Companies
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The Webometrics Ranking of World
Universities
U i
iti is
i produced
d
d by
b Cybermetrics
C b
t i Lab
L b
(CCHS), a unit of the Spanish National
Research Council (CSIC)
(
)
It offers information about more than 12,000
universities based on bibliometric indicator
It is
i b
based
d on
◦ a composite indicator that includes both the volume
of the Web contents and the visibility
◦ and impact of web publications according to the
number of external links they received
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Eduroute focuses on studying and evaluating university
websites and not the performance of a university.
The indicators that are used in ranking the universities are
as follows:
◦ volume of information published on the website of a university.
◦ degree of interaction between the website and its users whether
they are students or university professors
◦ the amount of support and investment the university has put into
providing as much information as possible about the university on
its website
◦ online scientific information University publications and their
number are one of the major and most important things that have
to be taken into consideration when ranking a university
◦ and, quality of links and content
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Some Regional Mehods:
◦ Asia: QS' Asian University Rankings use some of the
same data as the QS World University Rankings
alongside
g
other material,, such as the number of
exchange students attending or traveling from each
university
◦ China:
China China rank universities,
universities such as
x Chinese University Alumni Association (CUAA) and
China Education Center Ltd
x Th
There are also
l many rankings
ki
b
based
d on university
i
i
billionaire alumni, such as Chinese university ranking
of billionaire alumni
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South Korea: Korean Council for University Education,
established in 2009,
2009 evaluates universities in South
Korea based on bibliometrics focussing on research.
Pakistan: Pakistan's Higher Education Commission
annually
y ranks domestic universities based on some
flexible factors and board results at entry point.
India: Magazines such as India Today, Outlook, Mint,
Dataquest and EFY conduct annual rankings for the
major disciplines based on some fleaxible factors and
applicants in the entrance exam.
Philippines: Academic rankings in the Philippines are
conducted by the Professional Regulation
Commission and the Commission on Higher
Education, based on the average passing rates in
board tests.
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Bulgaria: The Bulgarian University Ranking
System,
System maintained by the Bulgarian Ministry of
Education, compares academic programs in
accredited domestic higher education
i
institutions.
i i
The system ranks programs based on more than
50 indicators such as:
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teaching and learning conditions,
scientific research,
p
opportunities,
pp
,
career development
prestige,
and material resources
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Canada: Maclean's, a Canadian news magazine, publishes an
g of Canadian Universities,, called the Maclean’s
annual ranking
University Rankings.
The assesment does not include private universities
Ranking criteria include:
◦ student body characteristics
characteristics,
◦ classes,
◦ faculty,
◦ finances,
y,
◦ library,
◦ and reputation
The rankings are split into three categories:
x
x
x
schools that focus on undergraduate studies with few to no graduate
programs,
schools
h l th
thatt h
have b
both
th extensive
t
i undergraduate
d
d t studies
t di and
d an extensive
t
i
selection of graduate programs
and schools that have a professional medical program and a selection of
graduate programs
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The Grand Dady of all ranking methods was
formed in the US.
America's best–known American college and
university rankings have been compiled since
1983 by U.S. News & World Report and are
widely regarded as the most influential of all
college rankings
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It is based on data which U.S. News collects
from each educational institution either from
an annual survey or from the school's website
It also considers opinion surveys of university
faculty and administrators outside the school
Schools in the top three quartiles are ranked
(from 1 to 191],
For the bottom quartile—bottom
q
25%—are
labeled "Second Tier“
Summated rating scores is used for factors
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The following are elements in the US News rankings:
y of the institution's reputation
p
g
◦ Peer assessment: a survey
among
presidents, provosts, and admissions deans of other institutions (15%)
◦ Guidance Counselor assessment: a survey of the institution's reputation
among approximately 1,800 high school guidance counselors (7.5%)
◦ Retention: six–year graduation rate and first–year student retention rate
(20%)
◦ Faculty resources: average class size, faculty salary, faculty degree level,
student-faculty ratio, and proportion of full–time faculty (20%)
◦ Student selectivity: standardized test scores of admitted students,
proportion of admitted students in upper percentiles of their high school
class,
l
and
d proportion
ti
off applicants
li
t accepted
t d (15%)
◦ Financial resources: per–student spending (10%)
◦ Graduation rate performance: difference between expected and actual
graduation rate (7.5%)
◦ Alumni giving rate (5%)
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No structured ranking system as of today
UGC has about 53 criterion that are
considered essential for private universities
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None
exists
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for
f public
bli universities
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Some of the universities have been ranked by
international bodies infrequently
It seems essential for quality enhancement of
all universities
The Bangladesh Experience - 2
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UGC has recently has taken steps on ranking
and has provided some notion on private
university ranking.
Major criteria has been campus and land
This has resulted in big debate
What should be done?
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A mix of qualitative and quantitave methodology
is proposed
The qualitative method may include:
◦ Web Site Study: To assess the professionalism and
dynamism in the university
◦ Research articles published
◦ Peer Study: Qualitative assessment resulting in assigning
weights to the factors of assessment presented later
from
x
x
x
x
x
teachers,
administrators,
allumni,
employers,
and the civil society representatives
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The quantitative
dimensions may use factor
analysis of dynamic factors
based on rating
Survey of parents, students,
f
faculty,
l
and
d prospective
i
employees is essential
The factors may include
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Entrance requirement
Faculty records
Curricula dynamism
Passing rate
Job status
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Fees structure
Scholarship structure
Library facility
Computing facility
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Space
per students
t d t
Participation in extracurricular activity
P bli ti
Publications
Social service
Gender equity
Disadvantaged ratio
Rural: Urban ratio, etc