Global warming and genetic status of Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis

Universidade de São Paulo
Global warming and genetic
status of Gentoo Penguin
(Pygoscelis papua) and Adélie
Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) in
George king Island, Antarctic.
Dantas, Gisele PM
Collaborators: Oliveira LR, Milo ACM, Araujo J, Durigon
LD, Morgante JS
Contact : dantasgpm@gmail.com
Foto: Gisele Dantas
GLOBAL WARMING AND ANTARCTIC
CONTINENT
There is growing evidence that climate development in the Antarctic
Peninsula region has moved from a relatively cold regime to an
increasingly warm regime during the past 100 years.
Antarctic Peninsula has showed unprecedented rate of prolonged
period of warming, as consequence showed reduction of extensive sea
ice, consequently the penguin’s populations have answered this
changes.
Annual mean
0
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
-1
-2
-3
Smith et al. 1999; Hughes 2000;
Ingolfsson et al. 2003
-4
Bellingshausen station
-5
-6
Foto: Gisele Dantas
http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/met/gjma/
Indicators species
The penguins depend on relative oceanographic and climate
stable environmental, this group is considerate the sentinels
of the ocean due to sensitive the changes environmental
(Boersma, 2008)
Foto: Gisele Dantas
•  the origin of penguin dating from 65-130MYA, the centre
of origin in the core of Gondwanaland.
•  The Pygoscelis lineage branched off approximately 38
mya (95% CI 31.6–44.7 mya),
•  Adélie penguin (19 mya; 15.4–23.9 mya)
•  Chinstrap and Gentoo penguins (14.1 mya; 10.8–18.3
mya). Baker et al. (2006)
Adélie penguin ( Pygoscelis adeliae)
  a common species in the
Antarctic
  t is one of a few species
that breeds in the
Antarctic continent
  population ~ 10 million
individuals
  is sensitive to climate
change and marine
environments
  King George Island
showed a 75% reduction
of its population in 1965 to
2004.
(Sander et al. 2007; Roeder
et al. 2001).
Foto: Gisele Dantas
Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis
papua)
•  Breed on sub-Antarctic islands
and along Antarctic Peninsula
•  Several studies had been
related the increased the
numbers of breeding to
Gentoo penguins increased in
King George Island.
•  Expanded southward in the
past 50 years with regional
warming, grew at a mean
annual rate of 5.5% from 1979
Foto: Gisele Dantas
In this study, we searched to determine the evolutionary history of
the Gentoo penguin and the Adélie penguin at Almirantado Bay,
King George Island using a DNA approach.
(1)  what is the genetic diversity in the populations of these two
species of Almirantado Bay?
(2)  Do the Gentoo and Adélie penguins show an expanded or
retracted genetic signal along their evolutionary history?
How do we sampled?
Eritrocitos- Arara Canindé foto Eduardo Neto (UFRPE)
DNA extraction
Each tube take sample of one individual
Ind 1
Ind 2
Ind 3
Ind 4
Amplify the genomic region of interested
Genetic Diversity
Haplotype diversity
Nucelotide diversity
Theta per gene
D´Tajima
Fu & Li D
Fu & L I F
Mismatch
distribution
(raggedness
Statistic)
Adélie
0.977
0.00862
11.01
-1.84*
-1.73
-2.12
0.0113
Gentoo
0.966
0.01118
6.289
-0.899
-0.369
-0.627
0.0588
Network Adélie penguin ( Pygoscelis adeliae)
Network Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis
papua)
Bayesian Skyline Plot Gentoo penguins
Bayesian Skyline Plot Adélie penguin
Our data indicate that the Adélie and
Gentoo penguins show high genetic
diversity at Almirantado Bay, King
George Island, Antarctic. However, these
species how different trends to
population trends, the Adélie penguin
show retracted of population
corroborated the ecological data, but
Gentoo penguin did not show clear
Foto: Gisele Dantas
signal of expansion.
Supported by: CNPq - PROANTAR Proc.: 558837/2005-0,
FAPESP process 05/55438-4,
FAPESP process 2008/51287-0; S
ECIRM-Marinha Brasileira and MMA
Foto: Gisele Dantas