a descriptive analysis of learning motivation taken from laskar

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A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF LEARNING MOTIVATION
TAKEN FROM LASKAR PELANGI NOVEL
GRADUATING PAPER
Submitted to the Board of Examiner
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For the Sarjana Degree of Islamic Educational Studies (S.Pd.I)
In the English Department of Educational Faculty
By:
Nur Muthmainnah
NIM. 113 06 048
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL FACULTY
STATE ISLAMIC STUDIES INSTITUTE (STAIN)
SALATIGA
2010
MINISTRY OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS
STATE ISLAMIC STUDIES INSTITUTE (STAIN) SALATIGA
Jl. Stadion 03 Telp. (0298) 323706. Fax. 323433. Salatiga 50721
Website: www.stainsalatiga.ac.id Email: administrasi@stainsalatiga.ac.id
STATEMENT OF CERTIFICATION
A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF LEARNING MOTIVATION TAKEN
FROM LASKAR PELANGI NOVEL
Nur Muthmainnah
NIM. 113 06 048
Has been brought to the board of examiners in Ramadhan 21, 1431/ August 31,
2010, and hereby considered to completely fulfill the requirement of Sarjana
Degree in the English Department of Educational Faculty (S.Pd.I) in the English
and Educational Department.
Salatiga, Ramadhan 21, 1431
August 31, 2010
Board Examiners
Head,
Secretary,
Dr. Imam Sutomo, M.Ag
NIP.19580827 198303 1 002
Dr. Rahmat Hariyadi, M.Pd
NIP. 19670112 199203 1 005
1st Examiner,
2nd Examiner,
Dr. H. Sa’adi, M.Ag
Norwanto, M.Hum
NIP.19630420 199203 1 003
NIP. 19751015 200212 1 006
Attentive Counselor
Dra. Hj. Woro Retnaningsih, M.Pd
NIP. 19681017 199303 2 002
DECLARATION
In the name of Allah, The Most Gracious, The Most Merciful
Hereby the writer fully declares that this graduating paper is composed by
the writer herself and it does not contain materials written or having been
published by other people and that from other references.
The writer is capable of accounting for this graduating paper. If in the
future this graduating paper can be proved of containing other’s ideas or in fact
the writer imitates the other’s graduating paper.
The declaration is made by the writer and the writer hopes that the
declaration can be understood.
Salatiga, August 6, 2010
Researcher
Nur Muthmainnah
NIM. 113 06 048
Dra. Hj.Woro Retnaningsih M.Pd
The Lecturer of Educational Faculty
State Islamic Studies Institute (STAIN) Salatiga
ATTENTIVE COUNSELOR’S NOTE
Case : Nur Muthmainnah’s Graduating
Dear
Paper
The Head of State Islamic Studies
Institute of Salatiga
Assalamu’alaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokatuh
After reading and correcting Nur Muthmainnah’s graduating paper entitled
“A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF LEARNING MOTIVATION TAKEN
FROM LASKAR PELANGI NOVEL”I have decided and would like to propose
that if it could be accepted by Educational Faculty. I hope it would be examined
as soon as possible.
Wassalamu’alaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokatuh
Consultant,
Dra. Hj. Woro Retnaningsih, M.Pd
NIP. 19681017 199303 2 002
MOTTO
Keep smiling and the world will smile with
you
‫من جد وجد‬
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DEDICATION
This graduating paper is whole heatedly dedicated to:
•
My God Allah SWT who always blesses me.
•
My beloved parents, my father Wasito and my mother Siti Fathimah for
their praying, support motivation and everything so I can finish my study.
•
My lovely elder brothers Jahid and Rosyid who always help me in
everything, “keep spirit boys!”.
•
My dear, Yusuf Arif thanks for your helps, support, motivation, love, and
attention to me in everything I have done. I hope we will meet in bless
meeting that promised (amin).
•
All of my friends who have fulfilled my beautiful life.
•
All people who have helped and contributed in finishing this graduating
paper.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Assalamu’alaikum Waramatullahi Wabarakatuh
Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin, firstly the writer said as praise and thanks
to Allah SWT with His blessing, finally this graduating paper can be completed.
However, this success would not be achieved without support, guidance,
advice, help and encouragement, from individuals and institution. Therefore, the
writer would like to express special gratitude to:
1. Mr. Dr. Imam Sutomo, M.Ag as the head of State Islamic Studies Institute
(STAIN) of Salatiga.
2. Mr. Suwardi, M.Pd as the head of Education Faculty.
3. Mrs. Maslihatul Umami, M.Ag the head of English Department thanks for the
guidance and kindness.
4. Mrs.Dra. Hj.Woro Retnaningsih, M.Pd as the consultant who gives me
support, motivation, guidance, and useful advices.
5. All of the lectures of English Department (Mr. Sa’adi, Mr. Ruwandi, Mr.
Hammam, Mr.Hanung, Mr. Ari, Mr. Norwanto, Mr. Fay, Mr. Sumarjono, Mr.
Ghofar, Ms. Noor Malihah) who have given the knowledge and experiences
patiently.
6.
My parents who always supports, motivate, and pray for me thus make my
dream come true.
7. For Mr. Fay, Yuli, mbak Izul, Hukma, mas Sami and everybody who have lent
me their books thus I can finish this graduating paper.
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8. For”Enam Sekawan” (Arif, Hug-me, You-lee, Ila, Aloel,,) be spirit to reach
our dreams.
9. For my mates Penyu, Mulat, Makmun, Inthoek... thanks for being my nice
friends, sisters, and brothers.
10. For all of ex- Yashinta ( mbak. Shofa, mbak. Ina, mbak. Andink, mbak Iin,
mbak Dini,mbak Inun, mbak Susi, mbak Jajuk, mbak Ulphe, Ain, Ela, Ani,
Ugik, Siba, Lia) thanks for being my new family, we will not be separated
with the distance.
11. For my new boarding members (Eva, Ela, Viroh, Umi, Ika) thanks for
welcoming me to be new member.
12. For all of UPB staff (Mr. Miftah, Mr. Ali, Mr. Lutfi, Mrs. Atina, Mrs.
Endang....) thanks for all of cooperation.
13. CEC members..... Thank you so much and don’t give up improving English!
14. All TBI ’06, especially class B thanks for being nice friends and keep our
cohesiveness.
15. All of my friends and institutions who fulfill my beautiful life.
Wassalamu’alaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh
The Writer
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A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF LEARNING MOTIVATION TAKEN
FROM LASKAR PELANGI NOVEL
By: Nur Muthmainnah
Abstract
This paper informs us some motifs that motivate someone learning
something taken from Laskar Pelangi novel. There are four research problems
proposed of Laskar Pelangi novel; what are the literary elements of Laskar
Pelangi novel; what are the motivations in learning presented in the novel of
Laskar Pelangi; what are the reason of Andrea Hirata took the motivation of
learning in Laskar Pelangi novel; what are the implications of Laskar Pelangi
novel toward its readers. This research uses descriptive research in analyzing,
collecting the data. After analyzing the novel Laskar Pelangi the writer draws
some conclusions as follows: the novel uses some figurative language to express
some expressions and describe something; its main character is Ikal. Laskar
Pelangi tells us some motifs of learning. The motivations which are pointed out
are to enrich knowledge, to reach dream, to win a competition, and so on. The
reason Andrea Hirata took learning motivation as the theme of Laskar Pelangi
novel are to break Melayunese stereotype, to motivate all learner to be motivated
in learning, and so on. The implication of Laskar Pelangi story toward its reader
are Laskar Pelangi story motivates reader to study abroad, Laskar Pelangi teaches
reader to admire the life.
Key words: learning motivation, Laskar Pelangi, literary elements
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE…………………………………………………………………...............
STATEMENT OF CERTIFICATION …………………………………………
DECLARATION……………………………………………………………….
ATTENTIVE CONSELOR NOTES …………………………………………..
MOTTO ………………………………………………………………………..
DEDICATION …………………………………………………………………
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ………………………………………………………
ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………………
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………
A. Background of the Study ……………………………………………..
B. Statement of the Problem …………………………………………….
C. Objective of the Study ……………………………………………….
D. Benefit Of The Study…………………………………………………
E. Definition of the Key Terms …………………………………………
F. Review of Previous Researches ………………………………………
G. Research Methodology and Procedure ………………………………
H. Paper Outline …………………………………………………………
CHAPTER II. CERTAIN ELEMENT OF THE NOVEL LASKAR PELANGI
A. Biography of the Author ……………………………………………..
B. The Synopsis of Laskar Pelangi Novel………………………………
C. The Social Setting of Author…………………………………………
CHAPTER III. REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE…………………………
A. Definition of Motivation ………..……………………………………
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B. Definition of Learning……………..…………………………………
C. the Importance of Motivation in learning ……………………………
D. The Influence of Literature to Motivate Learning …………………...
CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION…………………
A. Literary Elements of Laskar Pelangi Novel …………………………
B. Learning Motivation of Laskar Pelangi Novel………………………
C. The Reason Why Andrea Hirata Took Spirit of Learning as Theme of
Laskar Pelangi Novel ……………………………………………..
D.The Implication of Laskar pelangi Story Toward Its Readers……….
CHAPTER V. CLOSURE ………………………………………………….....
A. Conclusion ………………………………………………………….......
B. Suggestion ………………………………………………………….......
BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………….
Curriculum vitae
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
Human has mind to think what he wants to do or create something.
That is a thing which can differentiate between human and animals. Creating
something new in life, a man has to learn in order to reach his goal. For
instance, a child wants to be a professional bicycle rider, so he learns how to
ride it more and more until he can ride bicycle well. Thus by learning
something someone can reach his goal from aim of learning itself.
Learning is not limited in some fields of study; we can learn
everything from our life. According to Slameto (1991:2) learning is a process
of exertion which is done by human being to reach the change of new behavior
totally, as the result of human experiences in interacting with environment. The
changing of behavior itself is not limited in the character of human but also in
all parts of human life. From the definition above, it is not mentioned that
learning must take place in formal area, thus learning can be conducted
everywhere formally and informally. We can learn from everything around us,
because getting knowledge is not bounded with the explanation from teacher in
a class, everything can be taken as source when we learn something. For
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example, a child learns how to respect each other. He does not get it from his
teacher’s explanation but he finds it from imitating how his family behaves.
In the past time, a student in Indonesia had to take up forty kilometers
by riding bicycle to go to school every morning without complaining anymore.
He did it because he had an ambition, by studying he could reach his dream.
He did not really care about obstacles that he faced. Everyone has a certain aim
when he learns something that is called as motivation. Mc Donald in Sardiman
(1994:73) asserts motivation is a changing of energy in human’s body which is
signed by the appearance of “feeling” and beaten with the reaction of its goal.
Someone has willing when he decides to learn something, or influenced by
something that makes him wants to learn something.
Student now and student in the past time has differences, student in
the present time gets less motivation than in the past time whereas now is
easier than before, and more facilitated. Thus, student in the present time must
be motivated to study. As learning, motivation comes from any side. Sardiman
(1994: 89) stated that motivation is divided into two parts, extrinsic and
intrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is a motif which is active or functions without
any stimulation from outside, because in someone body there is an
encouragement which forces him to do something. Extrinsic motivation is a
motif which is active and functions when there is stimulation from outside.
Someone who is motivated by himself to learn something is called as intrinsic
motivation. When there is something or someone else which encourages him to
learn is called as extrinsic motivation.
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Dealing with motivation, everybody has different motif to do learning.
Everything can be a reason from someone to learn something that motivates
him to learn on and on. Even, because of a girl whom a man loves, can
motivate a man to do or learn. Motivation can also be found from any sources.
From paying attention to his environment, someone can be motivated, such as,
Andrea Hirata, an author of Laskar Pelangi novel; he could reach his dream
studying in France because of his friend motivations, Lintang. His environment
also encourages him to write Laskar Pelangi novel that describe his
environment and his struggle to study. Everything can be a motivation to do
something.
Even a book can be a motivation for its reader. Book that can motivate
is not only non fiction book but also by fiction book sometimes more attracting
someone to be motivated with. For instance, novel or short story can motivate
someone, that sometimes its story taken from the experiences of the author that
is interesting to be read. Writing a novel is sometimes influenced by
environment around the author thus make such an inspiration to someone to do
something. By understanding novel, we can find a process or value and the
changing of social environment (Yusuf, 1976: 3).
A novel which can inspire someone to be better is Laskar Pelangi,
which is written by Andrea Hirata. This novel talks about the struggle of ten
children called as Laskar Pelangi to get knowledge in Muhammadiyah
Elementary School the worst school in their village. They faced many obstacles
to reach their ambitions, from the distance from their house to their school was
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so far, many hindrances on the way to school such as big crocodile that spoiled
their trip, or very limited school facilities, those do not hamper them not to give
up learning and reaching their ambition.
This novel is proven to be a motivation for some of its readers to be
better. Nico, a student from Bandung, who is drug user directly realize and
wants to stop using it and begin finishing his graduating paper which is
unfinished for many years (Karni, 2008:2). His willing is motivated after he
read Laskar Pelangi novel. He told that he was shy with Bu Mus a teacher in
this novel because of her struggle, and Lintang a student of her who is the poor
one but he still has spirit to go to school.
Novel can motivate someone to do something. Moreover Laskar
Pelangi, which has power to encourage someone to realize that there is still the
worth condition from us, but Laskar Pelangi members condition did not
hamper Laskar Pelangi student to fight their spirit reaching their ambition.
Because of its great power which comes from this novel to motivate someone
to learn, the writer interested in conducting a research entitled “A
DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF LEARNING MOTIVATION TAKEN FROM
LASKAR PELANGI NOVEL”. This paper is conducted to analyze how Laskar
Pelangi novel can motivate its reader to be motivated from its story, because
the writer is a teacher will be thus this novel is especially expected can be a
motivation for student to be spirit in learning.
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B. Statement of the Problem
The novel of laskar pelangi is one of phenomenal novels in Indonesia.
Its story tells about the spirit of Laskar Pelangi children in fighting their life in
order to be still study to reach their dream. In this paper, the problems that will
be discussed are as follows;
1. What are the literary elements of the novel of Laskar Pelangi?
2. What are the motivations in learning presented in the novel of Laskar
Pelangi?
3. What are the reasons of Andrea Hirata took the motivation of learning in
novel of Laskar Pelangi?
4. What is the influence of laskar pelangi novel toward its readers?
C. Objective of the Study
Based on statement of the problem above, the objective of the study
are as follows:
1. To find out the story that aims at analyzing the literary elements of the
novel Laskar Pelangi.
2. To find out the reason why Andrea Hirata took the motivation of learning
in the novel of Laskar Pelangi.
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3. To analyze the motivation of learning presented in the novel of Laskar
Pelangi.
4. To find out the influence of laskar pelangi novel toward its reader.
D. Benefit of the Study
The benefits that the writer would like to achieve are divided into two
parts theoretically and practically as follows:
1. Theoretically
The result of this study is expected to be beneficial to the literature field of
studying and can contribute in motivating learner in learning.
2. Practically
The writer hopes that the result of this study can be used to:
a. Develop literary study, particularly the students of Sates Islamic Studies
Institute (STAIN) Salatiga, and especially can be used by next
researcher to observe similar research.
b. Enlarge knowledge how to motivate student in learning.
c. Remind reader to the importance of learning and learning motivation.
E. Definition of the Key Terms
To avoid mistakes of the little consideration, the writer wants to
clarify the meaning of the title at a glance. It consists of four main terms which
are necessary to be explained. They are as follow:
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1. Descriptive
Descriptive is giving description of something (Hornby, 1987:495)
2. Analysis
Study of something by examining its part (Manser, 2004: 13)
3. Motivation
Based on Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, motivation is
eagerness and willingness to do something without needing to be told or
forced to do it (Longman team, 2003:1071). According to Mc Donald, in
Sardiman (1994:73) motivation is the change of energy within someone’s
body which is signed by the emergence of feeling that is beaten with
conception toward its purpose.
4. Learning
Taken from Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary of Current English,
learning is that gain knowledge of or skill in by study, practice of being
taught (Hornby, 1987:481). Gage said that learning can be defined with a
process where an organism has changed their behavior because of their
experiences (Dahar, 1989: 11).
5. Novel
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Novel is story in prose, long enough to fill one or more volumes about either
imaginary or historically people (Longman Team 2003:1309).
6. Laskar Pelangi
Laskar Pelangi is the first novel of Laskar Pelangi tetra-logy which is
written by Andrea Hirata. It was published firstly in 2005 by Bentang
Pustaka Press. This novel contains 534 pages. This novel tells about a heroic
story of ten children called as Laskar Pelangi who came from poor family.
Although, their school were in bad condition and there were no facilities,
but they were still spirit to study. Their school was only facilitated with an
unclosed cupboard, chairs and tables which in bad condition, and old
blackboard. With all of their limitations they never give up and always keep
fight their spirit in learning. By their spirit that they had, Laskar Pelangi
could compete with other children who were richer in some competition
which was held by district government and they won it that made their
school to be known with others.
F. Review of Previous Researches
In this part the writer wants to present the researches that have close
relation to the description of motivation of learning taken from novel of Laskar
Pelangi which is written by Andrea Hirata.
The first researcher is Ninik Arifah. She was an English Department
student of State Islamic Studies Institute (STAIN) Salatiga. The title of her
research is “A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF MORAL VALUES IN QUEEN’S
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SONG”. In her research, she found that moral values are divided into three
categories namely self character building, human relation and religion values.
To present the moral values, the composer uses explicit and implicit meaning
(Arifah, 2007:43). Implicit meaning is presented in figurative language and
listener imagination. The implication of moral education of the song can be
used as medium of the moral education to make the students enjoy learning
moral.
Second researcher is Indri Astuti with her graduating paper entitled
“AN ANALYSIS OF MORAL VALUES OF HABIBURRAHMAN EL
SHYROZHY’S AYAT-AYAT CINTA”. She tries to analyze the cultural
background of the novel and its correlation with moral values. She also tries to
find out the fundamental moral values of the novel as how they are presented in
the novel. She concludes that the passages of Az Zuhruf, verse 67 of the Quran,
as the cultural background of the novel is very important (Astuti, 2007: 55). It
is about the love ethical code and the way to live others. Creative power,
respects each other, social interest, the struggle of facing life, and consistently
are the fundamental moral values of novel.
The third research is “EDUCATIONAL VALUES OF THE NOVEL
EVEN AFTER ALL THIS TIME” written by Siti Zulaikhoh. She analyzed the
educational value in the novel Even After All This Time. The educational
values which found in the novel are that life is struggle, patient is beautiful, and
parents are children idol, and so on (Zulaikhoh, 2008:60). She also analyzed
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that the importance of parent role in educating their children. Parents should
give top priority to religion teaching as children’s guidance life.
The fourth research is by Widiastuti with the title “THE MORAL
VALUES IN NOVEL KETIKA CINTA BERTASBIH”. From this novel, she
found that, novel not only contains about literature and love only but also
concludes all part of life from politic until ethics. She also found that teaching
moral values is not only from the class or some meeting but also by our attitude
to other people, and by our writing result. Thus, by novel the writer could
deliver moral values from the novel (Widiastuti, 2008: 45).
The last research is “THE ROLE OF TEACHER IN LASKAR
PELANGI NOVEL OF ANDREA HIRATA” which is written by Isna
Rahmawati, a student of English department of STAIN Salatiga. In her
research, Isna found that teachers have many roles in teaching their students.
Teachers not only teach the material which provided but also make their
students more skillful. There are six roles which described Laskar Pelangi
novel that are; teacher is as educational team, teacher as facilitator, teacher as a
behavior manager, teacher as guidance, and teacher as motivator (Rahmawati,
2009: 49).
G. Research Methodology and Procedure
In conducting this research, the writer takes certain procedures and
she would like to explain in six parts as follow:
1. Type of Research
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This type of research includes descriptive analysis research. This type of
research is conducted by describing facts then followed by analysis.
2. Object of Research
The research object of this study is not only the main character of this novel
but also all of other nine children as the actors in Laskar Pelangi. This novel
was written by Andrea Hirata that published by Bentang Pustaka Press
Yogyakarta. It contains 534 pages. This novel has become best seller since
it has been published. Laskar Pelangi novel has different story from other
novels. Andrea Hirata take learning spirit as its theme that makes this novel
can interact millions of readers to read. This novel tells about the spirit of
ten children from Belitung called Laskar Pelangi to fight their spirit to study
in Muhammadiyah School.
3. Data Source
Data are found from the novel itself. Those can be utterances, words,
sentence, textually or contextually which are taken from Laskar pelangi
novel which contain about motivation.
4. Research Paradigm
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In this research, the writer does some sequences:
To make clearer, here are some explanations of research paradigm:
a. The writer reads Laskar pelangi novel. The writer chooses Laskar
Pelangi novel to be the only source and to be the first step on this
research.
b. The writer knows the author (Andrea Hirata) from his bibliography and
reading some sources related to the author and the novel such as books,
journal, or from internet.
c. The writer reads some information which is taken from many sources
related to the topic that is motivation of learning.
d. The writer analyzes novel and some sources. That is the last step to get a
conclusion.
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5. Technique of Data Collection
In this research, the writer uses documentation as technique of data
collection. The data collection is taken from library by looking for data from
any media. In this case, the writer reads the novel and analyzes the plot of
story. The writer also looks for other information which is relevant with the
problem. The following steps are taken to do research:
a. Reading novel repeatedly
b. Taking important note from the novel of Laskar Pelangi as the data
source
c. Writing down the important data
d. Browsing some sources in the internet which is not found in other
sources about Laskar Pelangi and learning motivation.
e. Arranging data into several parts based on classification of its
discussion.
f. Concluding based on the data analyzed.
6. Data Analysis
The technique of data analysis in this study is descriptive and the
interpretation of the text is content analysis. It means the writer tries to
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describe some facts then analyzes novel to know the content of novel
(Ratna, 2007: 8).
In conducting analysis, the writer uses the steps with a little adjustment to
the problem statement. The procedures are:
a. Describing synopsis of novel.
b. Extracting the reason from Andrea Hirata exposes the motivation of
learning as the theme of the novel.
c. Extracting the motivation of learning from the story.
d. Extracting the implication of learning motivation in the novel toward its
reader.
e. Concluding based on data analysis.
f.
Possibly this paper result can give a recommendation how to motivate
student to be spirit in learning.
H. Paper Outlines
As guidance for either writer in writing the paper or reader and whole
content of the paper, the writer needs to set up paper outlines as follow:
Chapter I is introduction, it contains background of the study,
statement of problem, objective of study, benefit of the study, benefit of key
terms, review of related researches, literature review, research methodology,
and paper outlines.
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Chapter II presents the biography of the author and synopsis of the
novel, and social setting of author.
Chapter III presents review of related literature. It contains the
definition of motivation, the definition of learning, the importance of
motivation in learning, and the influence of literature to motivate learning.
Chapter IV presents research finding and discussion. It consist of
literary elements of the novel, learning motivation of Laskar Pelangi novel, the
reason of Andrea Hirata took motivation of learning as the theme of the novel,
and the influence of Laskar Pelangi story toward its reader.
Chapter V is closure. It presents conclusion and suggestion.
The last part is bibliography and appendix
CHAPTER II
CERTAIN ELEMENT OF THE NOVEL
LASKAR PELANGI
A. Biography of the Author
Andrea Hirata Seman Said Harun is Andrea Hirata’s full name. He
was born in Belitong 24th of October 1978 (Rahmawati, 2009:8). He is the
fourth child of N.A. Masturah (mother) and Seman Said Harun (father). His
childhood was spent in Belitong. He came from poor family like another
Melayunese who only become labor in lead mine factory or become poor
fisherman. He began his study in Muhammadiyah elementary school that is
located in his village. This school was the only school which Andrea’s father
was able finance him to study, because this school did not impose school fee,
all parents whose children study in only pay it by giving something that they
had sincerely. His high school also continued in Muhammadiyah School, the
same location, teacher and friends. After he graduated from Muhammadiyah
School, Andrea left his hometown and went to Jakarta to continue his study.
In Jakarta, Andrea took economic education in Indonesia University.
After he graduated from Indonesia University, He got scholarship to continue
his master degree in Europe. He took Master of Science major in two
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universities, in Universite de Paris, Sorbonne, France and Sheffield Hallam
University, United Kingdom (www.wikipedia.com). He got an award from his
thesis about economic telecommunication from both universities. He graduated
from those universities with predicate cum laude. His thesis is adapted into
Indonesian now, and become the first economic telecommunication is written
in Indonesian language. His classmate, Lintang had motivated him to study in
France. Actually, studying in France was Lintang’s ambition, because he had to
drop out from school so he could not study in France, thus, he wanted to
deliver his friend’s ambition that had not realized yet.
Andrea’s first book is scientific book entitled “The Science of
Business”. This book is written in 2003. He said that this book was written as
the responsibility to Sorbonne and Sheffield University that had given him
scholarship (www.sastrabelitong.com). The second book is Laskar Pelangi. It
was firstly published in 2005 by Bentang Press and became best seller book in
2006-2007. It is literary book that only in a week it had been reprinted out.
This novel is about his childhood memoir. This novel became a tetra-logy that
continued with three other novels that also telling about his experiences during
his life until he could succeed. Three other novels are Sang Pemimpi, Edensor
and Maryamah Karpov. Those novels are also published by Bentang press.
Sang Pemimpi as the second tetra-logy of Laskar Pelangi was published firstly
on July 2006, while Edensor as the continuation of Sang Pemimpi novel was
firstly published on May 2007, and Maryamah Karpov the last novel of Laskar
Pelangi tetra-logy was firstly published on November 2008.
18
Laskar pelangi has changed Andrea’s life to be famous. He was
invited by many institutions or organizations to be a speaker in many seminars
related to Laskar Pelangi novel. This novel has motivated many people to do
better. Thus this novel makes many institutions invite him to discuss about
Laskar Pelangi. Once in a seminar in Sumbawa, he was paid 50 millions
rupiah to be speaker in it (Karni, 2008:199). It is the most expensive fee for the
literary speaker that he had ever got. It was the result of his struggle that he did.
Andrea Hirata really likes writing. It began from Laskar Pelangi
novel. Word by word comes into his mind unstopped, until he got insomnia
because of thinking about his continuation of novel. Even though his field of
study is economic, he really likes studying about science especially physics,
chemistry, biology and astronomy. And his literary work is only as one of his
hobbies. Andrea more characterized himself as academician and backpacker
than as a literalist. Although he has got everything that he wanted, but he still
has an ambition to live in Kye Gompa, the highest village in the world (Hirata,
2008: cover).
Up to now, Andrea Hirata has not got married yet. He has not thought
yet about when he wanted to marry. Some infotainments reported him that he
had got married with a woman many years ago secretly, but it is denied by him.
Now he is living in Bandung and working in the central office of PT Telkom
(Hirata, 2008: cover).
19
B. The Synopsis Of Laskar Pelangi Novel
The story of this novel was begun at the same time when
Muhammadiyah School opened new student registration. This school was very
tearful; there were no parents who wanted to register their children to study
there. It was caused by its condition of school; there were no school facilities
that this school owned except old tables and chairs, unclosed cupboard, and an
ugly blackboard. Its classrooms were far from the condition that was expected.
Actually that school building was used to be livestock. A woman, namely Bu
Muslimah was worried about this school future. If this school did not get more
than ten new students, this school would be closed. Bu Muslimah and head
master were more worried when the time struck eleven past five and there were
only nine students who had gathered. Finally, Mr. Harfan as head master gave
his speech to the new students that this school would not accept new student
because it did not fulfill the requirement. Suddenly, a thin tall man came to this
school with his mother; he saved this school from its closing. This man namely
Harun, actually he was an autism man, because extra ordinary school was far
from his village, thus his mother brought him to study in Muhammadiyah
School.
This school only has ten students, it only has two teachers, they are
N.A Muslimah Hafsari Hammid binti K.A Abdullah Hamid and K.A Harfan
Efendy Noor bin K.A Fadillah Zein Noor who snared as the head master. Bu
Muslimah is the only class teacher who taught all subjects. Sometimes Mr.
20
Harfan changed her to teach those students. They really appreciated with the
story that often told by Mr.Harfan. They raised their hand when he asked them
about story told.
The ten students were very spirit in studying, even though they had
limitation in the school facilities, it did not hamper them to be enthusiastic in
learning. Those ten children are Ikal ( Andre Hirata), Lintang ( Lintang
Samudra Basara bin Syahbani Maulana Basara), Sahara (N.A. Sahara Aulia
Fadillah binti K.A. Muslim Ramdhani Fadillah), Mahar (Mahar Ahlan bin
Jumadi Ahlan bin Zubair bin Awam), A Kiong (Chau Chin Kiong or
Muhammad Jundullah Gufron Nur Zaman), Syahdan (Syahdan Noor Aziz bin
Syahari Noor Aziz), Kucai (Mukharam Kucai Khairani). Borek (Samson),
Trapani (Trapani Ihsan Jamari bin Zainuddin Ilham Jamari), Harun (Harun
Ardhli Ramadhan bin Syamsul Hazana Ramadhan). Even there was a student,
who took on forty kilometers to go to school, and sometimes his trip was
annoyed with a crocodile which block on the street, and he had to wait for few
hours until it went from it.
Those ten children had different characters and behaviors. Their
ambitions were also different. Ikal was one of student who really liked
literature, he liked listening to Rhoma Irama songs. The second was Lintang,
he was the cleverest student in the class, he was very active in the class, and
really liked studying math. Sahara was the only girl in Laskar Pelangi, she was
bull headed girl, but she was very loyal to her religion. Mahar was a handsome
21
boy, he had talent and interested in art that inspired his friends creating
something new. A Kiong was the only Chinese boy in Laskar Pelangi, he was
the loyal follower of Mahar since they were in the first grade of elementary
school. Syahdan was a fisherman child, he did not have special character, and
thus he was often forgotten by his friends when there was an agenda. Kucai
was the leader of class, he suffered far sighted that makes him could not see
vertically, it was caused by he was less of nutrition when he was child. Borek
was a boy who really keeps his machismo, and he was big muscle maniac.
Trapani was a handsome boy who loved her mother very much, everything that
he did must be accompanied by his mother. The last was Harun an autism boy,
who entered school when he was fifteen years old.
Although, they had different characters, they were still compact. Their
compact had yield a pride from their teachers and makes their school was not
looked down by other schools again. It was proven when Laskar Pelangi
students joined Independence Day carnival which was held and bore down
their rival, PN (Perusahaan Negara) Timah School. Bu muslimah was more
proud of them when Lintang the genius student and Ikal could win a quiz and
bore not only their rivals but also Drs Zulfikar a math teacher in PN Timah
School. One of their similarities was that they were like seeing rainbow after
falling rain. That habit had inspired Bu Mus naming them with Laskar Pelangi.
Besides Laskar Pelangi members had ambition that motivate them to
study hard, Bu Muslimah always gave them motivation that there is a will there
22
is a way. Bu Muslimah did not only give them scientific knowledge, but also
religious knowledge. She taught them how to respect parents, how to behave,
and how to devote their God. Even though Bu Mus has a tender heart in
teaching her student, she could be angry when there was a student who did
something wrong, especially about religious ethic, for instance when Mahar
and some of friends did something wrong that was approaching syirik, she was
very angry with them. Her anger was purposed only that her students did not
break Islamic law.
This novel also told about the condition of Ikal’s village where his
village was very rich of tin that could make his family and others live
prosperously, but it did not happen. Ikal’s family and other villagers worked as
labor and fisherman, and those jobs could not cover their needs. It could
happen because all lead mines were authorized by foreign corporation.
A love story about Ikal, when he fell in love at the first sight with a
Chinese girl was also told in this novel. He met firstly in an old shop when he
was asked by Bu Mus to buy a box of chalk. He felt in love with A Ling, AKiong cousin. He was very spirit when he was asked by Bu Mus to buy chalk.
From that moment he could meet with A Ling, and sent her a letter.
Sometimes, he asked his friend A Kiong to give his letter to A Ling. Until he
got first dating with A Ling in China Temple she prayed there.
C. The Social Setting of Author
23
Environment sometimes influences someone creating something. It
also happens to Andrea Hirata when he wrote Laskar Pelangi novel. It was the
memoir of Andrea Hirata when he was child. It tells about how his friends and
he struggles to study in Muhammadiyah School without complaining. This
novel is also told about how powerful Bu Muslimah gave students spirit to
study, not only science but also Islamic knowledge. She never complained
about the condition, although she had never been paid for the salary. She only
got some daily needs from student’s parent as the change of school fee. The
struggle of Bu Muslimah who never complained teaching in Muhammadiyah
School was the first thing inspires him writing it. When he was child, Andrea
had promised to him that someday he would write about Bu Muslimah
(www.sastraindonesia.com).
Andrea Hirata’s childhood was spent in his village in Belitong. Like
other villager, Andrea’s family was poor. His father worked as the labor in tin
mining. All villagers live in poor condition, although they were living in the
biggest tin sources. It caused by, the tin was authorized by foreign corporation
thus the native only worked as the labor.
After Andrea graduated from Muhammadiyah School, he went to
Jakarta to continue his study to Indonesia University, and worked as part time
job to pay his school fee. Finally, he got scholarship to study in France and
England to continue his master degree.
Andrea liked literature since he was child; it was known his hobby
24
that is writing poem. Andrea began to write a book in 2003 entitled “The
Science of Business”. It is a scientific book. He wrote it as the responsibility
for Sorbonne and Sheffield University which had given him scholarship. Then
in 2005, he began writing write Laskar Pelangi novel. His willing to write
about his hero Bu Muslimah came into his mind when he became a volunteer
from Telkom Corporation to help tsunami victims in Aceh. When he was
sitting in front of Cut Nyak Dien’s house that was un damaged by tsunami, he
taught how powerful Cut Nyak Dien at that time against colonizer, and
suddenly he remembered his hero Bu Muslimah (Karni,2008:17). Since that,
Andrea he wrote about his memoir.
Besides Andrea Hirata wanted to fulfill his promise when he was
child, by writing his memoir Andrea wanted to motivate the reader, student
especially in order to be spirit in studying. He was sad about the condition of
the student in his country. He wanted to show how his friend and he struggle to
study with all of limitation that they had. Until some of them could continue to
university although they only had willing without thinking how they pay their
school fee, and finally God had guided them the way (Karni, 2008:182). By
showing Laskar Pelangi struggle Andrea expected the readers who have better
condition than Laskar Pelangi students, to be more spirit that Laskar Pelangi
students. The spirit story of Laskar Pelangi students to study was the power
that makes this book to be best seller.
The stereotype that Melayunese is the lazy man is also one of 25
the
reasons that makes Andrea Hirata wrote this novel. He would like to show that
not all of Melayunese is lazy man. He said that only some of Melayunese who
had that character, and some could not conclude that all of Melayunese had
lazy character (Karni, 2008:153).
From the description above, the writer can conclude that Andrea
Hirata social background comes from low class society, who was marginal
society in their environment. His struggle to live has taught him to scrape along
bad condition. He wrote his life experiences in his novel that expected
motivates others.
CHAPTER III
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Definition of Motivation
Talking about motivation, it cannot be separated from human activity.
Motivation theory firstly derived from human activities in daily, especially
hunger. Hunger was taken as the paradigm for all other motivation states
theoretically and practically unwise and unsound. It can be seen upon closer
analysis that the hunger drive is more special case of motivation than a general
one (Maslow, 1954:63). Related to hunger humans need to eat when they feel
hungry, so as humans do something to recover their needs.
There was a research that humans never feel satisfied with what they
have got to fulfill their needs. As one of human characteristic, humans cannot
be satisfied with what they got. Proper respect has never been paid by the
constructors of motivations theories to either of these facts: first that the human
being is never satisfied except in a relative or one step along the path fashion,
and second, that wants seem to arrange them selves in some sort of hierarchy
of prepotency (Maslow, 1954: 70). By the fact above many theorist of
motivation researched what the motive that influences someone to do more and
more.
27
What is motivation actually, something that makes someone does
good thing even bad thing or just for fulfilling his or her individual needs.
According to Mc. Donald in Sardiman (1994:73) said that, motivation is the
26
changing of energy in the individual body which was signed by the appearance
of feeling that was beaten to the response of the purpose. From the definition
that was suggested by Mc Donald motivation contains three important
elements, they are; first: motivation is begun with the changing of energy in
someone’s body, when there is a motivation in someone, there was a changing
in the system of “neurophysiologic” which is in the human body, this changing
makes someone to be more spirit in doing something, second: motivation is
signed by effective encouragement, that motivation is relevant with spiritual
problems, affection, and emotion which determine someone’s action, third:
motivation is signed by the reaction to reach the purpose, a motivated man will
make reaction which direct him to the effort of reaching the purpose
(Soemanto,1997:204). From the description above it can be imagined how
motivation react in the human body. Motivation acts as the impeller in
someone body to do something.
Besides Mc Donald’s opinion about motivation, there are four other
theorists quoted from Soemanto (1997). First, James O. Whittaker said that
motivation is the condition which activates or encourages the creator to behave
to reach goal which was made by motivation itself. Second, it is different from
Whittaker’s definition about motivation that is more general, Thorndike define
motivation in the learning related to “trial and error” that learning is begun
28
with some motives which encourage someone to be active, and something
makes someone to be motivated in learning, that is so called as motivation.
Third, based on Guthrie’s definition about motivation in learning, motivation
only makes a variation in the learner response, and when it is related to
learning result, learning is not the instrument in the learning. Fourth, Clifford
T. Morgan defines motivation in general, he said that motivation relates to
three things which are the elements of motivation, they are; motivating states,
motivated behavior, and goals or ends of such behavior. From all of definitions
of motivation above, there is similar thing that can be taken from those is that
motivation encourages someone to do something.
Base on motivation source, motivation can be divided into two kinds,
they are: intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is a motif
which active and functions without any stimulation (Sardiman 1994: 89).
Extrinsic motivation is a motif which active and functions with stimulation
from outside of body (Sardiman 1994: 90)
B. Definition of Learning
Sometimes we are confused about distinguishing between learn and
study. Some people interpret those two words have the same meaning, but
actually those words have some differences in meaning. Base on Longman
Dictionary of Contemporary English learning has four definitions. First, learn
is to gain knowledge of a subject or skill, by experience, by studying it, or by
being taught. Second, learn is to find out information or news by hearing it
from someone else or reading it. Third learn is to get to know something 29
so
well that you can easily remember it. Fourth, learn is change your behavior or
gradually understand a situation and start behaving in the way that you should
do (Longman team, 2003: 1071). While study base on Longman advance
dictionary is a piece of work that is done to find out more about particular
subject or problem and usually includes a written report (Longman advanced
American Dictionary). Thus, base on some definition between learn and study,
it can be concluded that learn has larger meaning than study. Learn is not
limited with location, situation, or subject. Study sometime is used for formal
learning only such as in school or other institution.
Some people define learning as an activity to get knowledge. Learn is
not limited only getting knowledge in a community or classes. Learn is
unlimited. Everything can be learned and everything can also be a teacher
which teaches learner. There was evidence from our novelist that is Andrea
Hirata, he was taught by his environment to be spirit in learning and to be
strong to face every problem in his life. Andrea Hirata was inspired by his
experiences when he was child and lived in poor condition to write his best
seller novels Laskar Pelangi Tetra-logy. Thus Andrea had learned from his
environment to be a strong man and spirit in learning.
Many definitions about learning have been defined by many theorists.
First, Cronbach in Sardiman (1994:22) defined learning is shown by a change
in behavior as a result of experience. Second, James O. Whittaker in Soemanto
(2006: 104) learning may be defined as the process by which behavior
originates or is altered through training or experience. Third, Geoch 30
in
Sardiman (1994:22) defined learning is a change in performance as a result of
practice. Fourth, Howard L. Kingsley in Soemanto (2006: 104) said learning is
the process by which behavior (in the broader sense) is originated or changed
through practice or training. Fifth, Gage in Dahar (1989:11) said learning can
be defined as a process where an organism changes its behavior as a
consequence of knowledge. Slameto (1991:2) defined learning as an effort
process which is done by an individual to get new behavior changing entirely,
as the sequence of individual experience in the environment interaction. From
those definitions, it can be concluded that learning is a process of behavior
changing or performance as the result of experience with the series of activity,
such as reading, observing, listening, imitating, and so on.
Learning is a basic process from human life development. By
learning, humans do some qualitative individual changes so that their behavior
can be developed. All human activities and life achievement is the result of
learning itself. Human can discover something important for human life by
learning something. Isaac Newton discovered a gravitation law from learning
falling apple incident. He observed an apple when it fell into the grown, until
he could conclude a gravitation law that something will fall into the ground
because earth pull energy. Human only can do a job or work because he has
learned something, so he can do something.
C. The Importance of Motivation in Learning
Motivation has important role in learning. Motivation is the first
concept in many learning theories. Motivation is always related 31
to
encouragement, attention, anxiousness, and reinforcement, for example a
student must be well motivated by a teacher in order that they want to pay
attention to the lesson, on the contrary worry can decrease his motivation in
learning, and thus his motivation must be reinforced.
Motivation is an essential condition of learning. Learning goals will
be optimal when motivation is given. The more proper motivation is given the
more optimal learning goal which will be obtained. Related to learning,
motivation is not only the medium to reach the goal but there are three other
functions which are related to learning. Based on Sardiman (1994:85) the
function of motivation in learning are; first, motivation as the driving force
from every activity which will be done, second, motivation determines what
activity which will be done to reach the goal, third, select the activities which
one must be done and avoided to reach the goal. The important thing of
motivation functions as the encouragement of effort and achievement
attainment.
Motivation is divided into some categories based on some point of
views. In learning, it is often related to extrinsic and intrinsic motivation.
Extrinsic motivation is some motives which are active and function because
there is stimulation from outside of individual (Sardiman, 1994:90). While
intrinsic motivation is active and functioned in an individual body without
stimulation, because in an individual body there is an encouragement to do
something (Sardiman, 1994:89). A learner can get motivation intrinsically or
extrinsically. Ikal is motivated by his friend Lintang to study hard and continue
32
his study to France that is extrinsic motivation. Otherwise, Lintang was
motivated to study hard because he had big ambition to study to France and
became a scientist. Sometimes extrinsic motivation is more influential to do
something. Weiner indicated that behaviorism theory disposed focused on the
extrinsic motivation while cognitive theory meeting intrinsic motivation.
D. The Influence of Literature to Motivate Learning
Etymologically, literature is also meant as a device to educate.
Moreover, it is related to the message and content, that almost of literary works
is ethical medium (Ratna, 2005:446). This tendency is clearly related to old
literature. For old people, literary work is as same as law, mores, tradition,
even doctrine. Understanding literary work is the same as understanding
suggestion and advice, recommendation and prohibition, a truth which must be
followed, or wickedness that must be avoided and so on. Literature has taught
people to do the right. So many kinds of literary works can be enjoyed by other
people from novel, poem, drama, and so on. Literalists inserted a certain
message to his literary work to give an advice or prohibit something to literary
lover. Thus, sometimes we see a novel reader can change his character after
reading a novel.
Literary work not only educates its lover, but also can motivate its
lover. Motivation itself can be taken from any sources. As mentioned before
that motivation is divided into two kinds based on its sources extrinsic and
intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is a motivation which comes from
inside of individual itself. Extrinsic motivation is a motivation which comes
33
from outside of individual, such as environmental condition, family, and so on.
Literature can be concluded into extrinsic motivation. It motivates individual
through its literary works which is inserted some messages in. One of literary
works which can motivate is novel. A novel author wrote a story which can
increase reader motivation to do something. A novel which was inspires
thousands of its reader is Laskar Pelangi. A novel which written by Andrea
Hirata has been made its reader to be motivated, especially in learning.
Laskar Pelangi novel which told about the struggle of ten students in
small village located in Belitong Island has made thousands of its readers
motivated. Many stories about its readers who were motivated by this novel are
reported in some website and written in a book namely “Laskar Pelangi the
Phenomenon”. Because of the inspiration which has motivated its readers,
Andrea Hirata as its author has been invited by many institution and
organizations to share more about Laskar Pelangi novel in a seminar.
CHAPTER IV
RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION
Firstly, in this chapter, the writer discusses the literary elements of the
Laskar Pelangi novel. Then, she also presents the motivation of learning which is
presented in this novel. The next discussion on this chapter is the reason of
Andrea Hirata took motivation of learning as the theme of this novel. The last
discussion on this chapter she presents the influence of this novel toward its
reader. Thus, it is important to analyze the literary elements for understanding the
meaning of a literary work as a whole.
A. Literary Elements of Laskar Pelangi Novel
The literary elements of Laskar Pelangi novel are as follow:
1. Character and Characterization
Character and characterization are the part of intrinsic element of a
novel. Every novel must have character which has important role in creating
the story. Sudjiman said that character is an individual who gets involved
and acts in some events occurred in the novel. The character in novel is not
only one; there are many characters which support main character. There are
two major characters which occur in a story, they are protagonist and
antagonist. The important character who often appears in the story namely
protagonist (Budianta, 2002:86). Antagonist is the rival character who
34
35
counterbalances protagonist. To support the story of a novel, it needs minor
character. Because of its scope, a novel will be expected to present one or a
few characters in considerable depth, as well as a large array of minor
characters in outline (Little, 1970:101).
Based on Longman Advance Dictionary characterization is the way
in which the qualities of a real person or thing are described (longman
Advanced American Digital Dictionary). In the novel, there are two ways in
describing a character. There are two methods in describing the character in
the novel, those are descriptive and dramatic. Character may be presented
mainly through description and discussion, or in a more dramatic manner,
by the author’s simply reporting the character’s speech and action. It can be
concluded that descriptive method is the method that character is described
by the author through speech or action that are written in the novel. The
dramatic probably calls for the greater use of imagination on the part of the
reader (Little, 1970:89). In the dramatic method, we form our opinions of
the characters from what they do and say, from what other characters think
of them. In Laskar Pelangi novel, the author uses both of them. The
following example will show us that the author characterizes Drs Zulfikar as
a teacher who is fond of looking down on others using dramatic method.
“Atau barangkali anak-anak SMP Muhammadiyah ini atau dewan
juri bisa menguraikan pendekatan optic Descartes untuk
menjelaskan fenomena warna?”(Hirata, 2008:377).
(Or maybe these Muhammadiyah students or the juries can parse
about Descartes optic approach to explain color phenomenon?”
36
The next is the example of descriptive method that used by the
author to characterize the character. It is shown in describing Drs. Zulfikar
as an arrogant teacher.
“Pria ini adalah seorang fresh graduate yang sombong, ia
memperlihatkan karakter manusia yang sok pintar yang baru tahu
dunia. Bicaranya di awang-awang dengan gaya seperti Pak
Habibie. Ia mengutip buku asing di sana sini tak keruan,
menggunakan istilah-istilah aneh karena ingin mengesankan
dirinya luar biasa” (Hirata, 2008: 376).
(This man was an arrogant fresh graduate. He appeared his
wiseacre character like a man who just already known about this
world. His speaking was on the sky like Mr. Habibie style. He
adopted so many strange books improperly, and using so many
strange terminology to make all people interested in him)
As explained before, that characters are divided into two kinds,
major character and minor character. Every story needs those characters to
support each other because each character cannot stand by itself. As Stanton
said, most stories contain a central character, which is relevant to every
event in the story; usually the events cause some change either in him, or in
our attitude toward him (Stanton, 1965: 17). Major character has a big
influence in the flow of story, it is the main character who role in that story.
Thus, the whole story is generally about him or her, whereas, minor
character as the complement in a story makes a story more colorful and
interesting. As other novels, Laskar Pelangi novel also has them. So, the
following, the writer would like to roll out the characters and the
characterization which are written in the novel.
37
a. Major character
The major character in this novel is Ikal, the character of I in
this novel. His full name was Aqil Baraaq Badrudin. He was called Ikal
by his friends because his hair was curly or ikal in Indonesian. He was
one of Muhammadiyah students. As other students in Muhammadiyah
School, he came from poor family. His father was labor in PN Timah in
his district, Gantung. He was like student generally. He had dream and
planning for his future. He was calm and introvert boy. His ambition was
being a badminton player or an author.
“…. Aku paling piawai bermain bulu tangkis dan aku punya
minat yang sangat besar dalam bidang tulis menulis” (Hirata,
2008: 339).
(…. I am most expert in playing badminton and I have big
interest in writing)
When he was in junior high school, he fell in love with a girl at
the first sight, namely A Ling. His life became colorful when he knew
what the meaning of love actually. Left by his first love did not make him
be buried and broken heart. A book entitled “Seandainya Mereka Bisa
Bicara” written by Herriot which was given by A Ling before he left him
had made him risen up. This book was about a vet experiences in a
beautiful place namely Edensor, and this story had made him to be spirit
again.
“Sebaliknya, karena Edensor aku segera merasa pulih jiwa dan
raga. Edensor memberiku alternatif guna memecah penghalang
mental agar tak stress berkepanjangan karena terus-terusan
terpaku pada perasaan patah hati” (Hirata, 2008: 335).
38
(In other hand, because of Edensor I could fell my soul and body
recovered immediately. Edensor gave me alternative to break
my mental barrier to not be stress on and on, which caused by
broken heart).
Ikal was a clever student, although he always becomes number
two. He was good at some subjects such as Civics, Islamic History,
Fikih, Moral Education, and Indonesian. Thus Bu Mus called him to
represent his school to accompany Lintang joined science competition
(lomba cerdas cermat).
“Aku agak baik pada bidang-bidang kewarganegaraan, tarikh
Islam, Fiqih dan budi pekerti, dan sedikit bahasa Indonesia”
(Hirata, 2008: 367).
(I am good at some subjects such as; Civics, Islamic History,
Fiqih, and Moral Education, and little about Indonesian)
Besides that, Ikal was in solidarity with his friends and docile.
Because of his docile he was appointed by his friend Mahar to be a
secretary in his group namely Secieteit de Limpai.
He was also a hard
worker. He was a mail sorter in a post office in Bogor. Although, sorting
mails is a job that he hated very much, he still did it sincerely. He had to
wake up early, and began sorting the mails and gave it to the receivers.
He did it to defray his daily needs and pay his school fee.
b. Minor Character
After analyzing the novel, the writer found many minor
characters in it, which are as follow:
39
1) Bu Muslimah
She is one of Muhammadiyah School teacher. Her full name
is N.A. Muslimah Hafsari Hamid binti K.A Abdul Hamid. She only
graduated from Women Skill School (Sekolah Kepandaian Putri). She
continued her father’s ambition as a founder of Muhammadiyah
School in Belitong. She voluntarily taught in Muhammadiyah School,
although she was in economic problem. It caused by, this school
cannot pay its teacher. They were only paid with fifteen kilograms of
rice every month. It is far from expected. Thus, Bu Muslimah had a
part time job to fulfill her needs, which is sewing dress. She was the
only teacher who taught Laskar Pelangi students for six years along
their elementary grade.
Bu Mus was a smart teacher. She taught all subjects from
Islamic subjects, Math, Sciences, Linguistic, and so on. She had
amazing view for the future although she was living in a small village
which was far from modernization. She was creative and competent in
teaching. She also gave her students many skills, such as
embroidering, planting some flowers and so on. She not only taught
science but also moral. Moreover she arranged by herself a moral
syllabus.
“Beliau menyusun sendiri silabus pelajaran budi pekerti dan
megajarkan kepada kami sejak dini pandangan-pandangan
dasar moral, demokrasi, hukum, keadilan, dan hak-hak asasi
jauh hari sebelum orang-orang sekarang meributkan soal
40
materialisme versus pembangunan
pendidikan” (Hirata, 2008: 30).
spiritual
dalam
(She arranged by herself moral subject syllabus and taught it
to us from early about basic thinking of moral, democratic,
laws, justice, rights far before all people worry about
materialism versus spiritual building in education).
She was skilled in teaching and giving advice to her students.
She always impressed upon her students to dig up their moral value
and did what Allah orders to us, such as praying, fasting, doing well to
other people, and respecting elder people.
“”Shalatlah tepat waktu, biar dapat pahala lebih banyak,”
demikian Bu Mus selalu menasehati kami” (Hirata, 2008:
31).
(”Pray on time, in order to you get more reward,” said Bu
Mus advised us)
Bu Muslimah always advised Laskar Pelangi students to
accept their condition even it was very bad. She always said that,
although they were in bad condition, they had to be always fighting
spirit and studying hard. She really wanted to make her students smart
and did not forget his value and culture.
2) Mr. Harfan
Mr. Harfan’s full name is K.A. Harfan Efendy Noor bin K.A
Fadillah Zein Noor. He was the head master of Muhammadiyah
School. He was kind teacher and every students like him. As other
teachers in Muhammadiyah School he was very unpretentious. He
looked like never care about himself. He only thinks how
41
Muhammadiyah School can be alive. As a cleric (kyai) he had
mustache and beard.
“Pak Harfan, seperti halnya sekolah ini, tak susah
digambarkan. Kumisnya tebal, cabangnya tersambung pada
jenggot lebat berwarna kecokelatan yang kusam dan
beruban. Singkat kata, wajahnya mirip Tom Hanks…”
(Hirata, 2008: 20).
(Mr. Harfan is as same as this school, not too difficult to be
described. His mustache is thick, its branch tacked on his
thick brown beard which was dull and grown with grey hair.
Simply, he was looked like Tom Hanks…)
Mr. Harfan was able to tell a story to the students well. They
were interested in the story told. They were very active in asking
something about the story when Mr. Harfan had finished telling the
story. His gesture when telling story had made the students penetrate
the massages from the story.
3) Lintang
Lintang Samudra Basara bin Syahbani Maulana Basara is
his full name. He was a desk with Ikal. He was a genius student that
Bu Mus ever had. He was a step forward than his friends. When his
friends were still confused with summation, and used many sticks to
account the number, he only taught in seconds, and then answered it
directly, without counting.
“Sementara Lintang, tidak memegang sebatang lidi pun,
tidak berpikir dengan cara orang kebanyakan, hanya
memejamkan matanya sebentar, tak lebih dari 5 detik ia
bersorak. “590!””(Hirata, 2008: 106-107).
42
(While Lintang, did not hold even a stick of rib like other
students, he only closed his eyes a while, not until 5 seconds,
then he cheered. “590”).
As other students who came from poor family, so did
Lintang. His father was a fisherman, and his income depended on the
weather and ship owner. Thus, Lintang’s family was far from
sufficiency. His father had to work for his family by himself that there
are fourteen members in his family. So that, Lintang’s father was only
able to send him to Muhammadiyah school which the cheapest school
in his regency. His father really wanted his son to have better future
than him. Since the beginning he entered the school, he had indicated
his big willing in learning. He was fond of all subjects including arts,
although his mark was not too good.
“Sejak hari perkenalan dulu aku sudah terkagum-kagum
pada Lintang. Anak pengumpul kerang ini pintar sekali.
Matanya
menyala-nyala
memancarkan
intelegensi,
keingintahuan meguasai dirinya seperti orang kesurupan.
Jarinya tak pernah berhenti mengacung tanda ia bisa
menjawab. Kalau melipat dia paling cepat, kalau membaca
paling hebat. Ketika kami masih gagap menjumlahkan
angkaangka genap ia sudah terampil mengalikan angkaangka genap” (Hirata, 2008: 106).
(Since the first day, I had been amazed to him. This shells
gatherer boy was very clever. His eyes was glowing spouting
his intelligence, his inquisitive feeling had dominated
himself. His finger had never stopped raised as sign that he
could answer the question. When origami subject, he was the
quickest, when reading he was the fastest. When we were
confused with even number summation, he had mastered
even number multiplication)
Everybody loved him. He was very kind and friendly.
Although he was the cleverest student in his class, he was never
43
arrogant. He always helped his friends when they were in trouble.
Because of his cleverness, Bu Mus pointed him to be the delegation of
his school in science competition.
His spirit had inspired every student in Muhammadiyah
School. He always motivated all students to reach their dreams.
Unfortunately, his fate must be changed, and his ambition must be
buried in the deepest of his heart. When he was third year of junior
high school, he had to leave the school. His father was dead, and he
had to work to replace his father’s responsibility.
4) Mahar
Mahar Ahlan bin Jumadi Ahlan bin Zubair bin Awam was
ikal’s classmate. His friends called him Mahar. He was one of Laskar
Pelangi members. He was handsome and attractive. He had good
talent in art. Mahar always got good mark in art subject.
In
Muhammadiyah School, his talent in art began to be known by all
people. It began when Mahar was asked by Bu Muslimah to sing a
song as the entertainment after studying. Unfortunately, he sang
beautifully, and all students were stunned with his beautiful voice. He
had known how to comprehend a song well, when his friends only
knew how to perform his voice.
“ Seketika kami tersentak dalam pesona, itulah lagu tenesse
waltz yang sangat terkenal karya Anne Muray, dan lagu itu
dibawakan Mahar dengan teknik menyanyi seindah Petti
44
Page yang melambungkan lagu lama itu. Ritme ukulele
mengiringi vibrasi sempurna suaranya disertai sebuah
penghayatan yang luar biasa sehingga ia tampak demikian
menderita karena kehilangan seorang kekasih (Hirata, 2008:
137).
(Pronto, we were jerk at his enchantment that was tenesse
waltz, a famous song written by Anne Muray, and that song
was sung by Mahar with singing technical which was as
beautiful as Petti Page, the singer of that song. Ukulele
rhythm followed perfect vibration and accompanied with his
extraordinary comprehends in music thus he looked like a
very broken heart because of his girl friend)
All
people
began
admitting
his
creativity
and
Muhammadiyah School when he had big role in preparing
Independence Day carnival. His creativity was amazing. He arranged
a modified African dance for this carnival. He designed it by him self
and
were helped
by all parts
of Muhammadiyah
School.
Unfortunately, his idea brought Muhammadiyah School to be the
winner of the carnival. It could break the myth that villager school
could not win in carnival competition.
“Aku kagum kepada Mahar, ia berhasil memompa
kepercayaan diri kami dan dengan kepercayaan diri ternyata
siapapun dapat membuat prestasi yang mencengangkan. Hal
itu dibuktikan oleh sekolah muhammadiyah yang mampu
mematahkan mitos bahwa sekolah kampung tidak mungkin
menang dalam melawan sekolah PN dalam karnaval (Hirata,
2008: 246)).
(I was proud of Mahar, he was successfully building our
confidence and in fact, by confidence everybody could reach
achievement. This was proven by Muhammadiyah School
which could break the myth that village school was
impossible to bear down PN school in the carnival)
45
In other hand, Mahar also had bad character. He was much
interacted with myth, all things about charlatanism, shamanism, and
invisible thing and so on. Because of his new habit, he got angry from
his teacher Bu Muslimah. His mark became worse because he was
lazy to study, and only concern to his new habit. One day, his
existence in school was threatened, because of his bad mark. Bu Mus
threatened him that he might not be joined in the final exam if he still
had bad marks in all of subjects. Then, Mahar had an idea to solve his
problem. He went to Tuk Bayan Tula, a supernatural shaman, Mahar
asked him to change his bad marks to be good without studying. As
usual, He was given by Tuk Bayan Tula a letter, and it only might be
opened if he had arrived home. Unpredictably, his journey to Tuk
Bayan Tula house was vain. Because in his letter, Tuk Bayan Tula
only wrote “INILAH PESAN TUK-BAYAN-TULA UNTUK KALIAN
BERDUA,
KALAU
INGIN
LULUS
UJIAN:
BUKA
BUKU,
BELAJAR!!” (Hirata, 2008: 424).
5) A Kiong
Chau Chin Kiong or Muhammad Jundullah Gufron Nur
Zaman was one of Laskar Pelangi members. He was called as kiong.
He was A Ling cousin, Ikal’s girl friend. He was the only student who
was not Muslim in Muhammadiyah School. He was a real Confucius
follower. His father was perforce bringing his son to Muhammadiyah
46
School which basically Islamic school because his father was only
able to bring A Kiong to Muhammadiyah School which did not pay
any fee.
Besides that, A Kiong had uninteresting face which probably
every school will reject him. He looked like Frankenstein.
“Mukanya lebar dan berbentuk kotak, rambutnya serupa
landak, matanya tertarik ke atas seperti sebilah pedang dan
ia hampir tidak punya alis, seluruh giginya tonggos dan
hanya tinggal setengah akibat digerogoti phyrite dan
markacite dari air minum. Guru manapun yang melihat
wajahnya akan tertekan jiwanya, membayangkan betapa
susahnya menjejalkan ilmu ke dalam kepala alumuniumnya
itu (Hirata, 2008: 68).
(His face was large and square, his hair was look like a
porcupine, his eyes was driven the up as like a poniard, and
he merely did not have eyebrow, all his teeth were
bucktoothed and only remain a half which was caused by his
teeth was gnawed by phyrite and markacite from water.
Every teacher who looked him would be suppressed his soul,
imagining how difficult transferring knowledge to his
aluminum head)
He was very naïf and did not care about. Although his face
was horror but he was very kind. He was a good helper except to a girl
namely, Sahara. In his hatred to Sahara, he had love inside of his
heart. And finally, Sahara became his wife and lives happily.
6) Syahdan
Syahdan Noor Aziz bin Syahari Noor Aziz was his full name.
He was a desk with A Kiong. As other students of Muhammadiyah
47
School, he came from poor family. His father was a fisherman and
worked in a copra warehouse. After going back from school, usually
Syahdan helped his family worked as boat caulking labor to fulfill his
family needs. While his mother worked as rubber grinder. He taught
that copra warehouse and school was the same, because he did not
have sense of fashion.
7) Kucai
Mukharam Kucai Khairani was one of Laskar Pelangi
members. He was smeared all over with all subjects. He looked like a
clever student, paying attention to all of subjects, but in fact he did not
know anything. When he was child, he was less of nutrition and
causes a problem in his sight. He got myopia, thus his sight could not
focus on the object, his sight veered up to 20 degrees from the object.
His physical limitation did not make him feel inferior. He had many
different personalities from other students.
“ kucai adalah orang paling optimis yang pernah aku
jumpai. Kekuragannya secara fisik tidak sedikitpun
membuatnya minder. Sebaliknya, ia memiliki kepribadian
populis, oportunis, bermulut besar, banyak teori, dan sok
tahu” (Hirata, 2008: 69).
(kucai was an optimistic boy whom I ever met. His physical
limitation did not make him feeling inferior. On the contrary,
he had populist, opportunist, much talking, full of theories,
and pedantically personality)
48
All of Kucai’s personality supported him to be a politician, as
his ambition. His skill was derived from his father who became a rice
divider in Tin Company. He also became the leader of class for many
years. He also had many networks in everything, such as where the
place to sell the rice from tin company, where the place to buy night
market ticket with only half price, and so on.
8) Sahara
N.A. Sahara Aulia Fadillah binti K.A. Muslim Ramdhani
Fadillah was the only girl in Laskar Pelangi, before Flo joining
Laskar Pelangi. She was beautiful as a grey cheeked green.
“Dia ramping, berjilbab, dan sedikit lebih beruntung”
(Hirata, 2008:75).
(She was slender, wearing veil, and little luckier)
Sahara’s father was a taikong, the head of ditch leader in Tin
Company. Her prominent characters were full of attention and
stubborn girl. She was very temperamental but she was a clever girl.
Contrary with A Kiong, she was very skeptic, difficult to be
convinced, and very difficult make her impressed in. her character
which was very stick out that she was very honest, and did not want to
lie for all reasons. She hated A Kiong very much, but she had good
mind to an autism boy, namely Harun.
9) Trapani
49
Trapani Ihsan Jamari bin Zainuddin Ilham Jamari was the
handsomest boy in the class. His name, Trapani was taken from a
name of city seashore in Sicilia. He was a tidy and charming man. He
sat in the corner seat. He became the mascot of class, because of his
handsome. He was very close to his mother; he could not live without
his mother. Until one day he had to be taken to mental hospital
because his possessive feeling toward his mother made him crazy. His
father was a vessel boat operator in phone office in tin company. He
was a young man whom every girl would fall in love with him at the
first sight.
“Trapani agak pendiam, otaknya lumayan, dan selalu
menduduki peringkat ke tiga. Aku sering cemburu karena aku
sering kebanjiran salam dari sepupu-sepupuku untuk
disampaikan kepada laki-laki muda flamboyan ini (Hirata, 2008:
75).
(Trapani was rather calm, his mind was fair, he always in the
third grade. I was often jealous because my cousin often gave
their greeting to this flamboyance young man)
10) Harun
Harun Ardhli Ramadhan bin Syamsul Hazana Ramadhan
was his full name. He was an autism student. He had saved
Muhammadiyah School from the closure. He was the last student who
registered in the day school entrance. His hobby was chewing
Javanese tamarind candy. He was a kind student and always tidy in
wearing. Bu Muslimah had never burdened him with all tasks because
of his limitation.
50
“Harun adalah seorang pria santun, pendiam, dan murah
senyum. Ia juga merupakan teman yang menyenangkan. Model
rambutnya seperti Chairil Anwar dan pakaianya selalu rapi”
(Hirata, 2008: 77).
(Harun was a well mannered, calm, and full of smile boy. He
also was grafity friend. His hair style was look like Chairil
Anwar’s hair and his drees always tidy).
11) Borek
Previously he was like student in common; he did not have
something special in his life. Until one day, he found oil can with a
picture of a macho man whose big body and solid muscles, after that,
he was inspired by that picture and begin to be obsessed with big and
solid body. Everyday, he thought about how to make his body bigger.
Because his hard rehearsal was successfully and make his body
bigger, everybody nicknamed him with Samson.
12) A Ling
A ling was a girl whom Ikal loved very much. She was a
beautiful Chinese. She was the daughter of Sinar Harapan shop owner.
She was A Kiong’s cousin. Ikal fell in love to her at the first sight at
Sinar Harapan shop, when he was asked by Bu Muslimah to buy
chalks. In that slovenly shop, Ikal had found his true love which
became his motivation to be more spirit in studying. Firstly, he was
51
wonder stricken with his beautiful hand. She was very beautiful look
like an artist from Malaysia, Michel Yeoh.
“Ia memiliki struktur wajah lonjong dengan air muka yang
sangat menawan. Hidungnya kecil dan bangir. Garis
wajahnya tirus dengan tatapan mata kharismatik
menyejukkan sekaligus menguatkan hati, seperti tatapan
wanita-wanita yang telah menjadi ibu suri. Jika menerima
nasihat dari wanita semacam itu, semangat manapun akan
berkobar” (Hirata, 2008: 210).
(She had oval face and good looking. She had small and
pointed nose. Her face line was haggard with charismatic
gaze eyes which cooling and steel a heart, look like women
who had become queen mother. If a man got an advice from
such those women, his spirit would be flamed up)
“Seperti kebanyakan ras Mongoloid, tulang pipinya tidak
menonjol, tapi bidang wajahnya, bangun bahunya, jenjang
lehernya, potongan rambutnya, dan jatuh dagunya yang
elegan menciptakan keseluruhan kesan dirinya benar-benar
mirip Michelle Yeoh, bintang film Malaysia yang cantik itu”
(Hirata, 2008: 211).
(As the most of Mongoloid races, her cheekbone was not too
looked, but her face shape, her body shape, her scaffold neck,
her hair style, and her elegant falling chin create an
impression that she was merely look like Michelle Yeoh, a
beautiful artist from Malaysia).
Falling in love to a Chinese girl had made a change in Ikal’s
life. A girl, whose nail curved, had made Ikal flied to the sky. On the
contrary, A Ling also hurt him, when she had to accompany her aunt
living in Jakarta. Unfortunately, her discord with Ikal had made him
more spirit, because of a book which she gave to.
13) Flo
Floriana was a student of PN School. She was tom boy and
52
she wanted to be a man. Flo was a daughter of a dredging boats head
master. She liked to play kick boxing and barbell lifting She was
interested in something that challenge her bravery. She finally moved
to Muhammadiyah School, because she wanted to join Mahar, who
often did many thing which out of our mind. Moreover she was found
by Mahar when she got lost in a forest.
14) Friska
Mrs. Friska was the head master of PN School. She was an
old lady. She was very proud of her school. She always looked down
to other schools.
“Ia adalah seorang wanita keras yang terpelajar, progresif,
ambisius, dan sering habis-habisan menghina skolah
kampung. Gerak geriknya diatur sedemikian rupa sebagai
penegasan kelas sosialnya. Di dekatnya siapapun akan
merasa terintimidasi” (Hirata, 2008: 60).
(She was a strong intellectual woman, ambitious, and often
looked down village school all hollow. Her manners were
arranged as beautiful as possible to show his social status.
Nearing her, everybody would feel intimidated).
15) Tuk Bayan Tula
Tuk Bayan Tula was a famous supernatural shaman. All
villagers would ask him for help when they got trouble, especially
about mystic. He had helped them when Flo got lost in a forest. Mahar
was really proud of him. He taught that Tuk Bayan Tula was his
mystical teacher. Thus, when Mahar got trouble in his marks, he went
53
to Lanun Island to see him. But unfortunately, Tuk Bayan Tula did not
help him anymore except commanding him to study hard if he wanted
to get good mark. His performance was really scaring those who saw
him.
“Beliau adalah seorang yang sungguh-sungguh mencitrakan
dirinya sebagai orang sakti berilmu setinggi langit. Kain
hitam melilit-lilit tubuhnya, parang panjangnya masih sama
dengan cerita utusan dulu, rambut, kumis, dan jenggotnya
lebat tidak terurus, berwarna putih bercampur cokelat.
Tulang pipinya sangat keras mengisyaratkan ia mampu
melakukan kekejaman yang tak terbayangkan dan alisnya
mencerminkan ia tak takut pada apapun bahkan pada tuhan.
Namun, yang paling menonjol adalah matanya yang
berkilat-kilat seperti mata burung, seluruhnya berwarna
hitam” (Hirata, 2008: 416).
(His performance really indicated that he was a supernatural
shaman with high bookish. Black cloth enlaced his body, his
tall chopping knife was still same with last delegation story,
hair, mustache, and his heavy beard which never be taken
care, where white brownie. His cheekbone was really strong
indicated that he was able to do unimagined violence thing
and his eyebrow reflected that he did not scare to everything,
even to God. However, the most sticking out of his body was
his shiny eyes which look like a bird eyes, and all of his eyes
was black).
16) Bodenga
Bodenga was a man who helped Lintang when he got trouble
while travelling to school. He had helped him to move a crocodile
which blocked the street. He was a son of crocodile tamer. His father
was died after he gave his body to crocodile to be eaten up. Bodenga
looked like a mad man, his dress was strange, and he was a free man.
54
When there was a crocodile appearance, Bodenga would come to save
villagers from it. He was a strange man.
“Wajahnya carut marut, berusia empat puluh tahun. Ia
menyelimuti dirinya dengan dahan-dahan kelapa dan tidur
melingkar seperti pohon nifah selama dua hari dua malam.
Jika lapar ia terjun ke sumur tua di kantor polisi lama,
menyelam, menagkap belut, yang terperangkap di bawah
sana dan langsung memakannya ketika masih di dalam air”
(Hirata, 2008:91).
(His face was full of scratches, and forty years old. He
covered his body with coconut limbs and slept rounding as
like palm tree for two days whole. When he felt hungry he
jumped to an old well at old police office, dived and catching
eel which trapped in it, and he directly ate it while he still in
the water).
17) Drs. Zulfikar
Drs. Zulfikar was a physics teacher in PN School. He was on
debate with Lintang in quiz contest. He was very arrogant. As Mrs.
Friska, he always looked down on village school.
“Pria ini adalah seorang fresh graduate yang sombong, ia
memperlihatkan karakter manusia yang sok pintar yang baru
tahu dunia. Bicaranya di awang-awang dengan gaya seperti
Pak Habibie. Ia mengutip buku asing di sana sini tak keruan,
menggunakan istilah-istilah aneh karena ingin mengesankan
dirinya luar biasa”(Hirata, 2008: 376).
(This man was an arrogant fresh graduate. He appeared his
wiseacre character as like a man who just already known
about this world. His speaking was on the sky as like Mr.
Habibie style. He adopted so many strange books improperly,
and using so many strange terminology to make all people
interested to him).
18) A Miauw
A Miauw is the owner of Sinar Harapan Shop. He was look
like an arrogant man, but he was very honest.
55
“Ia memang pria congkak dengan intonasi bicara yang tak
enak didengar, wajahnya juga seperti orang yang selalu
ingin memerintah, kata-katanya tidak bersahabat, dan
badanya bau tengik bawang putih, tapi ia dalah seorang
kong hu chu yang taat dan dalam berniaga ia jujur tak ada
bandingnya” (Hirata, 2008: 202).
(He was an arrogant man with his speaking which did not
nice to be heard, his face was look like a man who want to
command, his word was unfriendly, his body smell was not
nice like a garlic, on the contrary he was a loyal Confucius
and when he did trading he was the most honest).
2. Setting
The important thing needed in composing a story is setting. Setting
was the time and place where the story occurred. Stanton (1965: 18) said
that the setting of a story is the environment of its events, the immediate
world in which they occur. Usually, the description of setting was clearly
viewed in the story, as if the reader lives in that place and feels what was in
the story. A novel will present us with a clear picture of its time, and lead us
to feel that we know its setting as if we have lived in it ourselves (Little,
1970: 101).
a. Setting of Place
In Laskar Pelangi novel, there are many setting which can be
found. But generally, the setting of places was in Belitong. Here, the
writer would like to describe some setting which occurred in this novel
explicitly.
1) Muhammadiyah School
56
Muhammadiyah School is a school where Laskar Pelangi
studied in. This school is far from perfection. It looks like a copra
ware house. Bu Muslimah and his uncle fight for its existence; in
order to it not to be closed. It is not difficult to describe this school. It
looks like other condition of the schools in our country.
Muhammadiyah School building actually cannot be called as school
building because of its bad condition.
“Kami memiliki enam kelas kecil-kecil, pagi untuk SD
Muhammadiyah dan sore untuk SMP Muhammadiyah. Maka
kami, sepuluh siswa baru ini bercokol selama Sembilan
tahun di sekolah yang sama dan kelas-kelas yang sama,
bahkan susunan kawan sebangku pun tak berubah selama
Sembilan tahun SD dan SMP itu” (Hirata, 2008: 17).
(We had six small classes, in the morning it used for
Muhammadiyah Elementary School and used for
Muhammadiyah Junior School in the afternoon. Thus, we
were ten new students would be staying in the same school
and same class, even the arrangement of seat were not
changed for nine years, for our elementary and junior grade).
“Kami kekurangan guru dan sebagian besar siswa SD
Muhammadiyah ke sekolah memakai sandal. Kami bahkan
tak punya seragam. Kami juga tak punya kotak P3K”
(Hirata, 2008: 18).
(We were lack of teacher and almost of Muhammadiyah
students wore slipper going to school. Even we did not have
uniform. We also did not have first aid box)
“Sekolah kami tidak dijaga karena tidak ada benda berharga
yang layak dicuri. Satu-satunya benda yang menandakan
bangunan adalah sebatang tiang bendera dari bambu kuning
dan sebuah papan tulis hijau yang tergantung miring di
dekat lonceng. Lonceng kami adalah besi bulat berlubanglubang bekas tungku. Di papan tulis itu terpampang gambar
matahari dengan garis-garis sinar berwarna putih. Di
tengahnya tertulis:SD MD: Sekolah Dasar Muhammadiyah”
(Hirata, 2008: 18).
57
(Our school was not guarded, because nothing valuable to be
stolen by. The only thing which signed that it was a school
was a flagpole made of yellow bamboo and a green board
which obliquity hanged on beside a bell. Our bell was made
of round iron with holes in it trace of fire place. On the green
board was put up a picture of sun with white ray lines. In the
middle was written: SD MD Sekolah Dasar Muhammadiyah)
“Jika dilihat jauh sekolah kami seolah akan tumpah karena
tiang-tiang dari kayu yang tua sudah tak tegak menahan atap
sirap yang berat. Maka sekolah kami sangat mirip dengan
gudang kopra. Konstruksi bangunan yang menyalahi prinsip
arsitektur ini menyebabkan tak ada daun pintu dan jendela
yang bisa dikunci karena sudah tidak simetris dengan rangka
kusennya” (Hirata, 2008: 19).
(If Muhammadiyah School was looked from far away, it will
be look like the school would be spilled, because the wooden
old poles had not uprightly held heavy shingle roof. Our
school was look like a copra ware house. Building
constructions which disapprove architecture principles cause
there were no doors and windows which can be locked
because it had not been symmetrical with its frame)
2) PN (perusahaan Negara) School
PN School was the opposite of Muhammadiyah School. This
school was full of accommodation. It is only reach men who are able
to bring their children to study in. Most of its students came from the
officials of tin company children. One of its students was Floriana.
3) Sinar Harapan Shop
Sinar Harapan shop was a notions shop. It sold all stuffs
people need, from foods, until chalks. The owner of this shop was A
Miauw a Chinese A Ling’s father. This place was the only shop which
sold chalks, thus Muhammadiyah student had to take on long distance
to East Belitong if they wanted to buy chalks. The conditions of this
58
place were very bad and stinky. On the other hand, in this bad place,
Ikal found his first love in.
“Toko Sinar Harapan, pemasok kapur satu-satunya di
Belitong Timur, amat jauh letaknya. Sesampainya di sana- di
sebuah toko yang sesak di kawasan kumuh pasar ikan yang
becek- jika perut tidak kuat, siapapun akan muntah karena
lobak asin, tauco, kanji, kerupuk udang, ikan teri, asam
jawa, air tahu, terasi, kembang kol, pedak cumi, jengkol, dan
kacang merah yang ditelantarkan di dalam baskom-baskom
karatan di depan toko” (Hirata, 2008: 195).
(Sinar Harapan Shop was the only chalk supplier in east
belitong, which was far away. Arriving there, in a crowded
shop located in dirty fish market – if our stomach was not
strong we would vomit because the smell of salty radish,
tauco, corn hour, shrimp crispy, tiny sea fish, Javanese
tamarind, tofu water, terasi, cauliflower, squid flour,
phithecolobium, red nut, which put in washbasin that in front
of the shop).
4) Felicia Tree
Felicia tree was a tree which grew in front of Muhammadiyah
School. It was the place where Muhammadiyah students gathered
when break time. This tree was the place where they could see
rainbow, when it appeared. They also used this place for doing a
meeting or just talking something with other friends.
5) Selumar Mountain
Selumar Mountain was a mountain located in East Belitong.
This place was the destination of Laskar Pelangi member for filling
out their weekend. They went to Selumar Mountain in the early
morning. From the left shoulder of mountain, it could be looked the
view of inhabitant’s houses.
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“Gunung Selumar tidak terlalu tinggi tapi puncaknya
merupakan tempat tertinggi di Belitong Timur. Jika
memasuki kampung kami dari arah utara maka harus
melewati bahu kiri gunung ini. Dari kejauhan, gunung ini
tampak seperti perahu yang terbalik, kukuh, biru, dan samarsamar. Di sepanjang tanjakan dan turunan menyusuri bahu
kiri Gunung Selumar berderet-deret rumah-rumah penduduk
Selinsing dan Selumar” (Hirata, 2008: 285).
(Selumar Mountain was not too high, but the peak of the
mountain was the highest place in East Belitong. if meddling
in our village from north side we had to pass by left shoulder
if this mountain. From far away, this mountain was look like
an up side down boat, sturdy, blue, and hazy. Along ascent
and descent path going along the edge of Selumar Mountain
left shoulder there were inhabitant’s houses of Selinsing and
Selumar in line).
Selumar Mountain was also the place where Flo lost in.
everybody was confused by her lost in Selumar Mountain, because
this place was dangerous. Someone who got lost in this mountain will
be difficult to be found because of its unique contour of its forest.
“Kontur gunung ini sangat unik. jika berada di dalam
hutannya banyak sekali komposisi pohon dan permukaan
tanah yang tampak sama. Maka jika melewati jalur itu
seolah seseorang merasa berada di tempat yang telah ia
kenal, padahal tanpa disadari langkahnya semakin menjauh
tersasar ke dalam rimba” (Hirata, 2008: 310).
(This mountain contour was very unique. If we were in its
forest, there were many trees compositions and ground
surface which looked similar. Thus, when we passed that
path someone as if he or she would feel in a known place,
however unrealized we walked further lost in the forest).
6) Fish Market
Fish market was the place where Societeite de Limpai
gathered for holding a meeting.
60
7) Lanun Island
Lanun Island was an island where Tuk Bayan Tula lived. It
was very horrifying and strange. The only Tuk lived there.
“Tuk Bayan Tula tinggal di sebuah gua yang gelap, di
jantung Pulau Lanun. Pulau itu berbelok menyimpang dari
jalur nelayan, jadi tak seorang pun akan ke sana. Perahuperahu perompak yang telah beliau bakar berserakan di tepi
pantai. Tak ada siapa-siapa di pulai itu kecuali beliau
sendiri dan tak terlihar ada tanaman kebun atau sumur air
tawar…..” (Hirata, 2008: 316).
(Tuk Bayan Tula lived in a dark cave, in the center of Lanun
Island. That island deviated from fisherman trip, so nobody
would go there. Boats raiders which had been burned by him
were wretched in the shore side. Nobody there except him
and no garden or fresh water well…..).
8) Punai Anchorage Beach
Punai beach was a beach where Muhammadiyah students
went for picnic. They needed for sixty kilo meters riding bicycle.
Visiting this beach was the cheapest picnic for them.
9) National School Yard
National school yard was the place where A Ling and Ikal
went after meeting in China Temple. They got on merry go round
(komidi putar) in that yard.
10) China temple
China temple was the place where a ling and ikal getting first
61
date.
11) Tanjong Pandan
Tanjong pandan was the place where lintang and friends
joined quiz contest.
12) Zaal Batu
Zaal Batu is a name of crazy hospital. In this hospital,
Trapani and his mother were nursed. It was quite and seizing.
“Ruangan itu luas, tak berjendela dan dindingnya polos
tinggi berwarna putih. Tak ada lukisan dan jambangan
bunga. Begitu sepi, tak ada satupun suara. Penerangan
hanya dari sebuah bohlam dengan kap rendah sehingga
plafon menjadi gelap. Ruangan ini suram, penuh nuansa
kepedihan dan kaputusasaan. Dalam sorot lampu tak tampak
perabot apapun kecuali sebuah bangku panjang kecil nun
jauh di sudut ruangan” (Hirata, 2008: 450).
(That room was large, there was no window and its walls
were high and white. There were no pictures and flower vase.
It was too quite, there were no voices. The lighting only came
from a light bulb with low shade, so it caused dark on
plafond. This room was hazy, full of poignancy and
desperation nuance).
13) Post Office
The post office was located in Bogor. It was the only setting
which located outside of Belitong. Here, Ikal had been working after
he graduated from his school.
b. The Setting of Time
The story occurred in the 20th century. In 1980’s Belitung was
the biggest town which produced tin in this country. From that
information, we know that the time of the novel approximately 1980’s up
to 1990’s
3. Plot
Besides characters and setting, the important part in a novel is
plot. It is one of intrinsic element of literature. Plot is a series of events
which intertwined accurately and form a plot that actuate the flow of
story through complication into climax and resolution (Budianta, 2002:
86). According to Stanton plot of story is story that contains sequence of
event but every event connected by causal relationship, one event cause
or caused to the other events (Stanton, 1965: 14).
Plot is often designed with a narrative structure, storyline or
story arc that includes exposition, conflict, rising action and climax,
followed by a falling action and resolution. Exposition is the beginning
of the plot concerned with introducing characters and setting. These
elements may be largely presented at the beginning of the story, or occur
as a sort of incidental description throughout. Rising Action is the central
part of a story during which various problems arise, leading up to the
climax. Conflict is the "problem" in a story which triggers the action. The
climax is the high point of the story, where a culmination of events
creates the peak of the conflict. The climax usually features the most
62
conflict and struggle, and usually reveals any secrets or missing points in
the story. The falling action is the part of a story following the climax.
This part of the story shows the result of the climax, and its effects on the
characters, setting, and proceeding events, thus it serves as the conclusion
of the story (www.wikipedia.com).
In Laskar Pelangi novel, it can be easily understood the plot of
story. Andrea Hirata, as the author of this novel likes to describe the
settings and characters clearly. Thus, the reader can understand from the
plot of story simply. The plots of story of this novel are as follow:
The exposition of story is shown at the beginning of story.
Andrea Hirata described clearly all characters which played role in the
story. The main setting was also described in the beginning. He explained
all characters of Laskar Pelangi members, Muhammadiyah School
teacher, and other minor characters. The story was begun with an event
when Laskar Pelangi members first time entered school. It also told, the
habit and behavior which some characters have. The author also
described the description of their condition, such as the comparison
between villagers’ condition and rich men condition that have some clear
differences among them.
The story has become raising when PN School, an elite school
which always looked down on Muhammadiyah School. Although Laskar
Pelangi student were looked down, they never give up, and still spirit. At
63
that time, Muhammadiyah Student were led by Mahar would like to
show their capability in Independence Day carnival and bear down PN
School. Finally they won it, just because their fighting spirit. One more
event to show that Muhammadiyah School students cannot be
underestimated is that they joined quiz show.
Climax of Laskar Pelangi story is when quiz show. Lintang,
Ikal, and Sahara had made them embraced. The only Muhammadiyah
School students answered all questions correctly. They did not give a
change to their rivals to answer. Until last question the only them answer
all questions correctly. Unfortunately, a teacher of PN School protested
to the jury that their question was incorrect. Then, it became debate
between that teacher and Lintang. Finally, Lintang and friends won that
debate. Everybody cheered for their victory.
Falling action occurred when Muhammadiyah students had won
quiz contest. All people had become admitting Muhammadiyah School,
as a school which cannot be underestimated. Nevertheless, the hero of
this school had to cease from school because of his condition which
impossible to Lintang to finish his junior school.
The resolution of this story happened when it was twelve years
after graduating from Muhammadiyah School. It told about their
successful life in reaching their ambition, including Ikal who wanted to
study abroad, continuing Lintang’s ambition which cannot be created. 64
4. Point of View
Point of view is way and or opinion used by author as medium
to present figures, action, setting and some events that make a story in
fiction work to reader (www.dekisoegi.ohlog.com). Thus, point of view
is the way an author tell the story, whether as a first person (as the
subject), as a second person (you or they), or as the third person (story
observer). In Laskar Pelangi novel, the author uses “I” to indicate that
the author as the first person in the point of view.
5. Style
Stanton (1965: 30) said that, style in literature is the author’s
manner of using language. Even if there are two authors who wrote a
story which have some similarities in plot, setting, characters but they
will be different from their style in telling a story. Andrea Hirata as an
author of Laskar Pelangi novel has unique style. He often uses some
figurative languages in telling the story.
“Dalam hatiku, jika aku berani macam-macam pastilah
jemarinya secepat patukan bangau menusuk kedua bola mataku
dengan gerakan kuntau yang tak terlihat” (Hirata, 2008: 204).
(I told in my heart, if I was brave to do something it must be her
fingers as quick as a beak of white egret sticking my eyes using
kung fu moving)
He also tells the description of story clearly and very detail,
65
such as when Telling about Muhammadiayah School, which he tell very
detail from class room, the condition of school even its location. He also
cites some scientific terms which make this novel is not just common
novel.
6. Theme
Theme is something that used as the basic story, or something
that become main problem in a story. In Laskar Pelangi novel, the theme
of this novel is the spirit to learn.
B.
Learning Motivation of Laskar Pelangi Novel
In this subchapter, the writer presents some sentences, utterances
from Laskar Pelangi novel which indicate about learning motivation,
something to motivate someone in learning, or the motive of someone wants to
learn textually or contextually. As explained in the previous chapter that
motivation divided into extrinsic and intrinsic, thus learning motivation of
Laskar Pelangi novel also presented into extrinsic and intrinsic motivation.
1. Intrinsic Motivation
a. To Change the Destiny
It was the motivation that Lintang’s father had when he wanted
to bring his son to school. He wanted a changing in his family; he wanted
his son not to be a poor fisherman like him. Lintang’s father had a
willing that his son had better future and life than him.
66
“Agaknya selama turun temurun keluarga laki-laki cemara
angin itu tak mampu tereangkat dari endemik kemiskinan
komunitas Melayu yang menjadi nelayan. Tahun ini beliau
menginginkan perubahan dan ia memutuskan anak laki-laki
tertuanya, Lintang, tak akan menjadi seperti dirinya (Hirata,
2008: 11).
(It seemed that from generation to generation that windy
casuarinas man’s family was not able to change their destiny
from poverty endemic of Melayunese community as a
fisherman. This year, he wanted a changing and he decided his
big son, Lintang would not be like him).
b. To Enrich Knowledge
It was truly the aim of someone learning something. He wants to
enrich his knowledge that he had. All obstacles will not hamper him,
when he has big willing to enrich his knowledge. It looks like what
Lintang did. He was crazy of studying. He was never absent from school,
even a big crocodile had blocked his trip, but he still wanted to go to
school to get more knowledge.
“Tapi lebih dari setengah perjalanan sudah, aku tak’kan
kembali pulang gara-gara buaya bodoh ini. Tak ada kata bolos
dalam kamusku, dan hari ini ada tarikh islam, mata pelajaran
yang menarik. Ingin kudebatkan kisah ayat-ayat suci yang
memastikan kemenangan Byzantium tujuh tahun sebelum
kejadian…..” (Hirata, 2008: 88).
(I had more than half trip, I would not go back just because of
stupid crocodile. There was no absent word in my dictionary.
And today there was Islamic history subject, an interesting
subject. I wanted to debate about the story in the Qur’an verses
which had assured the victory of Byzantium seven years before
that incident…..).
c. To Reach Dream
Everybody has dream and ambition in life. Every person maybe
67
has different ambition, for example a child has an ambition to be a
politician, scientist, or even being a success business man. The
inspiration of an ambition can be taken from any sources, probably from
film, his environment, or maybe his skill. He studies hard to reach his
dream. Previously, Ikal had an ambition to be a professional badminton
player and a writer. Thus he trained his skill in playing badminton until
he became a skilled badminton player, although finally, he had to change
his ambition because of his destiny did not bring him to be a famous
badminton player.
“…..Aku mulai menginventarisasi bidang minat, bakat, dan
kemampuanku. Dan aku tak pernah ragu akan jawabannya
yaitu: aku paling piawai bermain bulu tangkis dan aku punya
minat sangat besar dalam bidang tulis menulis” (Hirata, 2008:
339).
(….. I began to inventories my skill and capability. And I never
doubt about my answers that I was skilled in playing badminton
and I had big willing in writing).
d. To Please Parents
Being successful in learning is something that makes parents
proud of their child. So as Lintang, he had big willing to make his parent
happy and proud of him, thus he had to study hard and to be a good
student.
“Lintang menatap mata ayahnya dalam-dalam, rasa ngilu
menyelinap dalam hatinya yang masih belia, rasa ngilu yang
mengkikrarkan nazar aku harus jadi manusia pintar,…..”
(Hirata, 2008: 96).
(Lintang looked at his father’s eyes deeply, a pain slithered68
in
his heart that still young, and that pain that made him declaring a
promise to his father that he had to be a smart boy).
e.
To Get Scholarship
It is what we want up to now, studying hard and getting
scholarship. Every student wishes to get a scholarship, whether it for
studying abroad or for school fee. After so many years, Ikal had never
studied he began studying hard to get scholarship studying abroad. He
studied all the time without compromising. Everywhere and every time
he studied, just because of getting scholarship.
“”Aku harus mendapatkan beasiswa itu!” demikian kataku dalam
hati setiap berada di depan kaca” (Hirata, 2008: 460).
(” I had to get that scholarship!” that what I said in my heart
everyday when I was in front of mirror).
2. Extrinsic Motivation
a. To Create a Creation
Everybody is proud when his learning results something. When
we have done our painting, we will feel satisfied, even when our painting
is the most beautiful from others and got an appreciation although it just
a condemnation. Laskar pelangi students always compete to get the best
creation in art subject. They wanted to be like Mahar who always had
sparkling idea to create something new in every art subject.
b. To Win a Competition
Getting a prize or winning something is other motive that
70
someone wants to study hard. He will be very satisfied when they had
won that competition. So as, Laskar Pelangi students, they were very
spirit in exercising for Independence Day carnival, they would like to
bear down their rival PN School students. It was because of Mahar, who
had inflated their spirit to show their best performance and win the
competition whatever other people said about them.
“Tapi kami tak gentar. Situasi moril kami sedang tinggi.
Melihat kepemimpinan, kepiawaian, dan gaya Mahar
kepercayaan diri kami meletup-letup” (Hirata, 2008: 229).
(But we did not give up. Our moral situation was in high
position. Seeing Mahar’s leadership, his skill, and his style had
pumped up our confidence).
c. To be a Confident Man
To be a confident man is sometimes a problem for some people.
They sometimes feel not confident although only introducing his name in
front of the class. They are very nervous facing many people in an
occasion. Omitting this character was not too difficult, more exercises
speaking in front of many people and little bit motivation to calm down
our nervous are probably the keys of solving it. It happened when A
Kiong was asked Bu Muslimah to introduce him self in front of the class,
he only was silent and smile to Bu Muslimah. Thus his father motivated
him to speak up.
“Ayolah anakku, kuatkan hatimu, sekali saja! Jangan bikin
malu orang Hokian!” ( Hirata, 2008: 26).
71
(Come on my son; strengthen your heart, for once! Don’t
embrace Hokianese).
d. To be a Good Moslem
Being a good Moslem is an expectation of every Moslem. But,
to be a good Moslem is not easy. They have to know what the criterions
of a good Moslem are. Through learning about Islam and doing it, is
expected that a Moslem can be a good Moslem. So as Muhammadiyah
School had vision to make its student to be a good Moslem and expert in
science. Bu Muslimah always reminded them to make Quran and Hadits
as a guidance of their life in order that they can live happily.
“Hiduplah hanya dari ajaran Al-Quran, Hadits, dan
sunnatullah, itulah pokok-pokok tuntunan Muhammadiyah.
Insya Allah nanti setelah besar engkau akan dilimpahi rezeki
yang halal dan pendamping hidup yang sakinah” (Hirata, 2008:
350).
(Live only from Quran, Hadits, and sunnatullah percepts, those
all the main guidance of Muhammadiyah. God willing, you
would be lucky and get right soul mate in your future).
e.
To be a Hard Worker
Learning has changed someone’s character to be a hard worker
and fighting spirit. They want to get his aim thus he had to work hard to
create their aim. Learning on and on intuitively has made them to be a
hard worker. It also happened to Laskar Pelangi members; they had to
work hard to exercise a dance for carnival.
72
“Setelah itu, setiap sore di bawah pohon filicium, kami bekerja
keras berhari-hari melatih tarian aneh dari negeri yang jauh”
(Hirata, 2008:227).
(After that, every afternoon under Felicia tree, we worked hard
for many days exercising a strange dance from far away
country).
f. To be a Good Leader
Leading an organization is not easy for some people who are not
experienced of. Besides leadership character which has grown up in
someone self, being a leadership also can be learned through leadership
training or seminar. In Muhamadiyah School, Bu Mus had implanted to
her students to be a good leader. She motivated her students to be a good
leader Like Prophet Muhammad and his followers.
“Kata-kata itu mengajarkan arti penting memegang amanah
sebagai pemimpin dan Al Quran mengingatkan bahwa
kepemimpinan seseorang akan dipertanggungjawabkan nanti di
akhirat…..” (Hirata, 2008:71).
(Those words taught us how important holding a mandate as a
leader and Quran reminded us that someone’s leadership would
be responsible in the hereafter…..).
g. To Love Other Living Thing
We can love plants, animals, and other God creatures. We knew
that if we learn how important they are for our life. Thus, Bu Muslimah also
taught her students to love and keep other living thing around us. She taught
her students to plant some flowers and kept them. It is one way for Bu
Muslimah taught them to love other living thing. They planted them,
watered everyday and cleared the flowers from weeds.
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““Ini adalah bagian dari pendidikan!”pesan Bu Mus serius”
(Hirata, 2008: 192).
(”This was a part of education!” Bu Mus advised seriously).
h. To be a Discipline Man
Being a discipline man is one of the effects of learning. Moreover
in a school, a student has to obey the rule of school, such as coming on time,
doing homework, wearing uniform and so on. Bu Muslimah as a teacher of
Laskar Pelangi students emphasizes a disciplinary to her students. She was
intolerant with her students who were not discipline. Thus, she always
taught her student to be a discipline student.
“Bukan Karena karyamu tidak bermutu, tapi dalam bekerja
apapun kita harus memiliki disiplin.” (Hirata, 2008: 190).
(It was not because of your creation that was not qualified, but in
working we had to own a disciplinary).
i. To be Closer with Idol
Everybody has an idol, whether they are an artist, their family, their
senior, their friends, or even their prophet. They can do anything for their
idol. It looked like Floriana who really revered Mahar because of his strange
capability, especially in mystic. She acquiesced leaving her elite school and
moved to Muhammadiyah School just because of Mahar.
“Tapi ada alasan lain yang tak banyak orang tahu, dan ini agak
berbahaya, yaitu ia tergila-gila pada Mahar” (Hirata, 2008: 358).
(But there was another reason that many people did not know, and
it was rather dangerous, that she nut about Mahar).
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j. To be Motivated With a Girl Whom a Man Loves
Sometimes, having a boy friend or girl friend has plus or minus.
Some students said that having a girl friend or boy friend can be a
motivation for studying. In other hand, there are some evidences indicate
that having a boyfriend or girlfriend can make them lazy in studying, they
only have fun, and forget to study. On the contrary, Ikal had broken the
opinion that having girl friend cause laziness in studying. He was motivated
very much with A Ling, a girl whom he loved very much.
“Aku melihat ke belakang, membuat evaluasi kemajuan hidupku,
dan bersyukur telah mengenal A Ling” (Hirata, 2008: 336).
(I looked at behind, making an evaluation of my life progress, and
be grateful I had known A Ling).
C. The Reason Why Andrea Hirata Took Spirit of Learning as Theme of
Laskar Pelangi Novel
In this sub chapter, the writer would like to expose the reason Andrea
Hirata wrote this novel, and spirit of learning as its theme. Here are some
reasons which are taken from Laskar Pelangi the Phenomenon book.
1. To Break Melayunese stereotype
There is a stereotype cohering Melayunese that they are lazy men.
It is probably because Malaysia government policy gave special protection
and peculiarity for Melayunese. Thus, up to now, they feel that they are
more special than other and do not need to work hard. When he was
interviewed by Nasrul Azwar a reporter from Bangka Belitung Tabloid
about this stereotype he introspected himself and investigated people around
him, then he said “Less or more this stereotype is true” (Karni, 2008: 153).
But not all of Melayunese are lazy. Laziness that result backwardness and
75
poorness in Belitong which inspire Andrea and his friends struggle and
convinced that learning is the most effective instrument to escape
backwardness (Karni, 2008: 158).
2. To Motivate All Students to be Always Fighting Spirit
By writing his memoir when he was child, Andrea Hirata expects
he can motivate all students to fight their spirit in learning, and reach their
ambition whatever their condition. Andrea told that the important thing is a
strong character formation, in order to be optimistic to improve an
expectation and dream (Karni, 2008: 197). “Now, all educational values
derived from Laskar Pelangi story will be spread through “Laskar Pelangi
in action” (Karni, 2008: 197).
3. To be a Good Idol in Education
One of strength of Laskar Pelangi novel is that there are some
figures that have role to awaken reader spirit in learning, such as Lintang
who was never absent although so many obstacles hampered him. Andrea
hopes that figures such a Lintang or Bu Muslimah who never beefed about
their condition can be an idol in education. Karni (2008: 117) said that one
76
of contributive values of Laskar Pelangi novel is its qualification to appear
a role model among the country which merely loss a guidance figure.
D. The Influence of Laskar Pelangi Story Toward Its Readers
It was really amazing only for three years, Laskar Pelangi novel has been
reprinted for twenty six times. A wonderful story that makes this novel
becomes best seller. This powerful novel has inspired and motivated the
readers to realize how important learning, and resuscitate to be spirit in
learning. Below are some opinions of Laskar Pelangi novel reader about the
effect that they feel after they read it.
1. Andy F Noya a presenter of Kick Andy Show, in the cover of Laskar
Pelangi novel he commented that this novel was really awakening. He said
“Anyone who read it would be motivated and feel guilty if he was not
grateful about his life” (Hirata, 2008: cover).
2. Nico a university student in Bandung has felt the power of Laskar Pelangi
story. Previously, he was a drug abuser. His parents have acceded asking
him to rehab from using drug. But he stubbornly rejected it. After reading
it, he realized and wanted to be rehab. After that, he also wanted to finish
his graduating paper. Nico in Karni (2008: 2) said that “ I was shy to the
struggle of the teacher figure in that novel, and I was shy to Lintang, a poor
child who had to stop his school because his father was died and less of
money”
3. Laskar Pelangi novel also has become motivation to a teacher in Cirebon,
namely Maisaroh. She is an honorary teacher in Pamijah State Elementary
School in Cirebon. Now she does not really care about her salary, how
much she gets. After reading Laskar Pelangi novel, she is more spirit
motivating her students, who almost of them are rattan plait labor children.
77
Maisaroh’s spirit is inspired by Bu Muslimah dedication, whose her salary
and facility are far more apprehensive, but she can fight her students’s
spirit, until one of them had got master degree from Europe (Karni, 2008:
3).
4. Kurnia a staff in state Surakarta University has an experience about Laskar
Pelangi. He has become more spirit to continue his study to abroad. The
story of Laskar Pelangi has realized him about his family and his life. After
knowing Mr. Harfan, who always reminded Laskar Pelangi student to do
not forget to pray, He was grateful that his father had ever sent him to
Assalam Islamic Boarding School, which made him knowing about Islam.
He said that
“Thanks Lintang, you are my inspiration. Thanks for all
Laskar Pelangi members for your entire struggle that I will not forget; I
will not waste all facilities around me (www.kurnia.staff.uns.ac.id).
5. Romi Satrio Wahono a lecture in UDINUS Semarang, he told that the story
of Laskar Pelangi has become whiplash for him in facing the life. He was
very guilty that there are many students who did not lucky like him,
whereas Laskar Pelangi students were more suitable enjoying all facilities
that he had. He realized that he had done so many faults to his family, his
students, and all people. An utterance from Mr. Harfan, the head master of
Muhammadiyah School in Gantong, Belitong also has become my
important whiplash and motivation in my struggle “Live by giving more
and don’t receive much more” (www.romisatriowahono.net).
CHAPTER V
CLOSURE
A. Conclusion
After analyzing the novel “Laskar Pelangi” the writer is able to
conclude as follow:
1. The literary elements of the novel consist of:
a. Character and characterization:
Character is divided into two kinds that are major character and minor
character. The major character in Laskar Pelangi novel is Ikal. While
the minor character in this novel are Bu Muslimah, Mr. Harfan, Lintang,
Mahar, A Kiong, Trapani, Kucai, Sahara, Syahdan, Harun, Borek, A
Ling, Tuk Bayan Tula, Bodenga, Floriana, A Miauw, Mrs. Friska, Mr.
Zulfikar.
b. Setting
The setting of time in this novel is about 1970’s. While generally all
setting are located in Belitong. Those are Muhammadiyah School, PN
(perusahaan Negara) Timah School, Sinar Harapan Shop, Felicia Tree,
Selumar Mountain, Fish Market, Lanun Island, Punai Anchorage Beach,
National School yard, China Temple, Tanjong Pandan, Zaal Batu, and
79
Post Office.
c. Plot
78
The plot of this novel consists of exposition, rising action, climax,
falling action and resolution.
d. Point of view
In this novel, the author uses first person or “I” as point of view.
e. Style
This novel is written simply and easily to be understood by the reader.
The author also used some figurative languages to describe something.
f. Theme
The theme of Laskar Pelangi novel is the spirit to learn.
B. The motivation in learning presented in Laskar Pelangi novel
1. Extrinsic motivation
a. To Change the Destiny
b. To Enrich Knowledge
c. To Reach Dream
d. To Please Parents
e.
To Get Scholarship
2. Intrinsic Motivation
a. To Create a Creation
b. To Win a Competition
80
c. To be a Confident Man
d. To be a Good Moslem
e.
To be a Hard Worker
f. To be a Good Leader
g. To Love Other Living Thing
h. To be a Discipline Man
i. To be Closer with Idol
j. To be Motivated With a Girl Whom a Man Loves
C. The reason of Andrea Hirata took spirit of learning as theme of Laskar
Pelangi novel
a. To break Melayunese stereotype
b. To motivate all students to be always fighting spirit
c. To be a good idol in education
D. The influence of Laskar Pelangi story toward its reader
a. Andy F Noya said that Laskar Pelangi Story motivated him in his life.
b. Laskar Pelangi story has influenced a university student to rehab from
abusing drug.
c. Laskar Pelangi story has taught teacher to teach sincerely.
d. Laskar Pelangi story has motivated someone to study abroad.
e. Laskar Pelangi story has influenced someone to realize his faults.
E. Suggestion
To close this paper, the writer would like to give some suggestion as
follow:
81
1. For the reader, reading literature is not usually bad custom because we
must spend much time without doing something as people said. On the
contrary, it reminds us to use our time effectively and encourage us to keep
on working by useful thing. It also helps us identify ourselves in building
self-personality. So, make reading as an enjoyable activity by selecting
quality of book that entertaining, motivating, enriching knowledge, and
realizing about our existence as the creature of God.
2. For a language learner, we have to be creative and spirit by keeping on
studying. We have to be spirit if we want to reach our dream whatever it
takes as Laskar Pelangi student did. But learning on and on is not enough if
we do not remember who the creature of us is.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A.M, Sardiman. 1994. Interaksi dan Motivasi Belajar Mengajar. Jakarta: PT
Raja Grafindo Persada.
Arifah, Ninik. 2007. A Descriptive Study of Moral Values in Queen’s
Song .Unpublished Thesis, STAIN Salatiga.
Astuti, indri. 2007. An Analysis of Moral Value Habibburrahman ElShyrazy’s Ayat-Ayat Cinta. Unpublished Thesis, STAIN Salatiga.
Budianta, Melani. 2002. Membaca Sastra: Pengantar Memahami Sastra Untik
Perguruan Tinggi. Magelang: Indonesiatera.
Dahar, Ratna Wilis. 1989. Teori Teori Belajar. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Hirata, Andrea. 2008. Laskar Pelangi. Jogjakarta: Bentang.
Hornby AS. 1987. Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary of Current English.
New York: Oxford University Press
Jusuf, Jumsari. 1976. Bahasa dan Sastra. Jakarta: Bumi Restu ofset
Karni, Asrori S. 2008.Laskar Pelangi: the Phenomenon. Bandung: Hikmah.
Little, Graham. 1970. Approach to Literature. Sydney: Science Press.
83
Longman Team. 2003. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. UK:
Latter Park Press.
Longman Advanced American Digital Dictionary. Pearson Longman.
82
Martin H, Manser. 2004. Oxford Learner’s Pocket Dictionary. New York:
oxford university press.
Maslow, AH. 1954. Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper and
Brothers.
Rahmawati, Isna. 2009. The Role of Teachers in Laskar Pelangi Novel of
Andrea Hirata. Unpublished Thesis, STAIN Salatiga.
Ratna, Nyoman Kutha. 2005. Sastra dan Cultural Studies: Representasi Fiksi
dan Fakta. Jogjakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Ratna, Nyoman Kutha. 2007. Teori, Metode dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra.
Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Slameto. 1991. Belajar dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi. Jakarta:
Rineka Cipta.
Soemanto, Wasty. Psikologi Pendidikan: Landasan Kerja Pemimpin
Pendidikan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Stanton, Robert. 1965. An Introduction to Fiction. New York: Holt, Rinehart
and Winston irc
Sumanto, 1990. Pengantar Metodologi Penelitian Sosial dan Pendidikan.
Yogyakarta: Andi Offset.
Widiastuti, 2008. The Moral Values in Novel Ketika Cinta Bertasbih.
Unpublished Thesis, STAIN Salatiga.
www. dekisoegi.ohlog.com. On May 20,2010
www.kurnia.staff.uns.ac.id. On Apryl 3, 2010
www.romasatriowahono.net. On Apryl 3, 2010
www.sastrabelitong.com. On Pebruary 1, 2010
www.sastraindonesia.com. On Pebruary 1, 2010
www.wikipedia.com. On May 10, 2010.
Zulaikhoh, Siti, 2008. Educational Values of the Novel “Even After All This
Time”. Unpublished Thesis, STAIN Salatiga.
84
CURRICULUM VITAE
Name
Date of Birth
Address
E-mail/ Phone Number
Education
: Nur Muthmainnah
: Sragen, March 12, 1988
: Garit, Rt. 06/ 03 Sambirejo, Sambirejo, Sragen 57293
: itsenough88@yahoo.com/ +6285647365833
: - TK Bustanul Athfal Sambirejo Sragen, graduated
1994
-
SDN I Sambirejo Sragen, graduated 2000
-
MTs Sambirejo Sragen, graduated 2003
-
MAKN Surakarta, graduated 2006
DAFTAR SKK
Nama : Nur Muthmainnah
NIM : 113 06 048
Wali studi : Ari Setiawan, S.Pd, M.M
Jur/
: Tarbiyah/ TBI
Progdi
NO
1
Jenis Kegiatan
OPSPEK 2006
Friendship
Pelaksanaan
Keterangan
26-29
Agustus Peserta
2006
Tour 17 September 2006
2
English
3
(EFT) CEC STAIN Salatiga
Pelatihan
Dakwah 16- 17 September Peserta
Mahasiswa (PDM) VI LDK
4
Peserta
2006
16th Anniversary of LPM 26 September 2006
Peserta
Nilai
5
Dinamika tahun 2006
Movie Appreciation
6
Breaking the Fast
Pesantren Kilat dan I’tikaf 17-19
and 6 Oktober 2006
Ponpes Annida Salatiga
Peserta
Oktober Peserta
2006
7
8
CEC 2007-2008
2007-2008
Pengurus
Darul Arqam Dasar (DAD) 31 Maret- 1 April Peserta
9
IMM
2007
Seminar Nasional Politik 5 April 2007
Peserta
dan Pendidikan oleh BEM,
10
11
HMJ, KOPMA FATAWA
Speech Contest CEC
17 April 2007
Bedah Buku Zero to Hero 28 April 2007
Audience
Peserta
12
13
oleh LDK
Training Organisasi II LDK 19-20 Mei 200
Sarasehan
Menggapai 14 Juni 2007
Panitia
Peserta
Sukses
Bersama:
Kuliah
Dulu atau Kerja? KSEI
14
STAIN Salatiga
Bilateral Camp
15
Salatiga mahasiswa Jepang
September 2007
Group Work Camp IIWC 31 Agustus- 8 Peserta
STAIN 31
bersama NICE Jepang
16
Breaking
the
Fast
Agustus-
7 Peserta
September 2007
and 25 September 2007
Panitia
Bioskop Ramadhan CEC
17
STAIN Salatiga
English Friendship
(EFT) CEC
Tour 11 Nopember 2007
panitia
18
Homestay (a month living Nopember 2007
with
American
Family)
19
Program UPB
CEC 2008-2009
20
Pelantikan Pimpinan Daerah 3 Pebruari 2008
21
2008-2009
Pemuda
Muhammadiyah
Salatiga
Seminar
“Method
of 31 Mei 2008
Language
Teaching”
in
State
Islamic
Pengurus
Panitia
Panitia
Studies
22
Institute by CEC
TOEFL Prediction Test
23
Seminar
Stadium
Peserta
4 Juli 2008
internasional: 11 Agustus 2008
General
Peserta
Peserta
World
Heritage Volunteer Project
24
by IIWC and DE JAVATO
Pesantren Liburan Anak 7 September 2008
panitia
Sekolah (PLAS) IMM &
25
LAZIM Salatiga
TOEFL Prediction Test
26
Movie
27
Breaking the Fast CEC
English Clinic Program 6 Nopember 2008- Trainer
28
(EC) MAN I Salatiga
9 April 2009
Scholarship Expo 2009 11 April 2009
Appreciation
19 September 2008
Peserta
and 22 September 2008
Peserta
STAIN Salatiga & UPB
STAIN Salatiga
Panitia
29
Bedah Buku: Metode Studi 26 Mei 2009
peserta
Islam, UPT Perpustakaan
30
STAIN Salatiga
TOEFL ITP Test
19 Oktober 2009
Peserta
31
TOELF Prediction Test
24 Oktober 2009
Peserta
32
Asisten dosen UPB STAIN 2007-2010
Asisten
33
Salatiga
Tim Sosialisasi
STAIN 29 Jauari 2010
Petugas
34
Salatiga 2010
Lomba Cerpen Milad VIII 16 April 2010
Peserta
35
Th.2010 LDK
Seminar
Peserta
regional 20 April 2010
“Peningkatan
Bahasa
Internasional
untuk
Menguatkan
Pendidikan
36
Nasional” CEC
Bedah buku “Jalan Cinta 24 April 2010
Peserta
37
Para Pejuang” LDK
Staf
pengajar
Bahasa Juli 2010- sekarang
Guru
Inggris
38
Sragen
Seminar
MTs
Sambirejo
Regional
dan 1 Agustus 2010
Workshop Biro Konsultasi
TAZKIA
Jumlah
Peserta

a descriptive analysis of learning motivation taken from laskar

Transcription

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