Alien Invaders - Digital Commons of Moss Landing Marine

Volum e 11, Number 1
Winter 2004
FR I ENDS O F
MOSS LAND I NG
MARINE LABORATORIES
Alien Invaders:
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By Nick We/schmeyo-,
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Evaluation of Ballast Water Treatment
on Ships
-
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are substantial; the full ballast load fron / ,
' "
.a typical ocean container vessel would f
\ _ ~ €~ team consisting of sciOne of the largest threats m thecoast
fill about 10 of the Olym pic pools at
en~ts{frpm Moss Landing Marine
of California is invasive, non-native spethe Monterey Sports Center. T he only -! · Lab~ories (Principal Investigators:
cies. An invasive species is an organism
approved method of mitigating the
/;;~· Nick'Welsduneyer and Rusty Fairey)
I:
I III I I
1
clur does nor natural ly occur in a specific
ballast water problem is open-ocean
,,
: ~~ the Romberg Tiburon Center
babirat and whose introduction may
exchange. In this procedure, water is
{ 1for Environmental Studies (Principal
cause harm to native ecosystems. They
__. taken on board from one coasral port,
. Investigator: Stephen Bollens) evaluared
then emptied and refilled with openthe Optimar UV/H ydrocyclone b lmay o utcompete or prey on native species, altering food webs, habitat structure
ocean surface water (far from cl1e coast:li
last treatment system. This system uses
and even personal property. Invasions of
ecosystem) before it is de-ballasted in the
ultraviolet light to kill small organisms
port of destination. T he strategy assmnes
in ballast water; the 'hydrocyclone' erenon-native organisms result in the loss of
global biodiversity, from which the financoastal and oceanic species will have poor
arcs a cyclonic flow pattern that sepasurvivorship when transplanted between
rates larger organisms out of the flow
cial damage may reach many billions of
dollars, as evidenced by Zebra mussel
their native habitats; importantly, the
by cenrrifugal me-ans. T he scientific task
invasions in the Great Lakes.
strategy also exploits the well know fact
was fudy straightforward - ev:liuare the
that plankton concentrations are subsurvivorship of ballast water organisms
The uansporr of alien, non-native organsrantially lower in oceanic blue-water
isms in ship ballast water is considered
sires, thereby minimizing the biomass
one of rhe primary mechanisms for the
released in coastal ports. Unfortunately,
spread of aquatic invasive species. Ballast
the open-ocean exchange policy is coscly
water is pumped in and out of ships ro
and applies only to vessels making transtrim the vessels for ~tabiliry and maneuoceanic crossings.
verability. Unfortunately, millions of
small organisms are easily rra.nsported in
Regulators, environmental scientists and
b:lilast tanks from one area of the world
the maritime industry have sought engito another, causing non-native invasions.
neering solutions ro the ballasr problem.
The volmnes of water considered here
Methods currently being tested to treat
ballast water and eliminate non-native
organisms include filtration, sterilization by ozone, ultra-violet light, electric
currents, heat treatment and-chemical
treatment with biocide~. All of~~e
techniques must be f fe: envirortmenrally
acceptable and cost effective ro,be implemented by ships worldwide, b~t to date,
Sean Avent, Tam \i>ss and Eli I.rmdrau work below
there is no official stamp of approval for
decks sampling ba/Jn.rt watn:
any of these rechniques.
O·uiseliner Sea Princess wtlJ the site ofthe first study.
continued on pnge 3 ...
.'?
2
Notes from the Helm
Dr. Kenneth Coale
WAVF. is published by Friends of Moss
Landing Marine Laborarori~-s. Inc., to inform
imcrored members of the Monterey Bay communiry, alumni and mhcr research and ~:due-a. cion in.stirurions abour current MI.ML activirit:S and events of the l~riends of MLML.
For more information, please call (831)
771-4100 or write Friends of MLML.
8272 Moss Landing Road, Moss I.Jnding,
CA 95039. Or visit the MLML website:
www.mlml.calstatc.cdu
Editors: Lisa Uual, ' lraci Prude, Michad Ri&by
Designer: Michael Rig~by
Contributors: Kenneth Coale, jonad1an
Geller, Donna Kline, James Nybakkcn, Traci
Prude, Lisa Unal, N ick Wdschm~:yer
Illustrations: Elkhorn Slough Nacional
Esruarine Research Reserve, Kmtcn Carlson,
Lynn McMasters, Bruce Stewart
All materials in this publication are the
properry of Friends of Moss Lmding Marine
Laboratories, Inc. unless orhcnvisc norcd in
rcxt and credits. Reprodncrion and distribution of all or any part is expressly prohibited
without wrirrcn permission of the Director,
hicnds ofMLMJ " Inc.
Printed on recycled paper.
© 2004 Friends ofMLML, Inc.
MLML GRADUATES:
SUMMER 2003
Patrick Mitts (SjSU) Deposition and
provenat1ce of modern coarse sediment in Momerey Submarine Car1yon.
Employment: MBARl
Pat McMillan (SFSU) Microhabirar
Distriburions ofJuvenile Hydrothermal
Vent Gastropods. Employment: SCR!PPS
Kimbedy Pugliese (SFSU) A Pigment-based
Analysis ofProchlorophyte SedimenCJ.rion
losses. Employmeru: NOM
Judah Goldba:g (CSUMB) Domoic acid in
the lxnd-Uc fOOd~ ofMommy &y, CA
Employment: C..onsulting F1ID1, Searrle, WA
Director of MLML
ln the words of our uew governor, "This
New Year brings many new hopes at1d
challenges." Ours are dosely tied m the
state hudger. Now unfolding before
us, one might expect more challenges
than hope. ·
Rese:uch Center; the California State
University's Center for Integrative
Coastal Observation, Research and
Education; the Al liance for Coa.stal
Technologies and rhe Antarctic
Marin~: Living Resources Program.
In sp ite of the cutbacks we face, our
talemed taculty and staff now raise
more extramural funding than ever
before. research is ar an all-time high ,
new studem faces continually grace our
halls and rhe new year loob bright.
Discoveries in the marine cnvironmem
are always exciting and we welcomt: you
ro come and see for yourself Conract
rhe friends ahour a Lab visit, brighten
our halls and rake advamage of the
Friends' Seminars. ln spite o f fiscal difficu lties, the excitement of the natural
world continues ro inspire us all.
We are lucky to anno unce the hiring of a new Diving Safety Officer
and Temporary Faculty member: Dr.
Diana Sreller who just completed
her Ph.D. at UC Santa Cruz. We
have a searc h underway for a Physical
Oceanograph er and several federal
initiatives have passed rhe Senate for
an anricipared $8 million in federal
support for MLML and MLML partner programs this next year. These
include the MLML Pacific Shark
Sherry Palacios (SJSU) Eelgrass response to
C02 enrichment: Possible impam of dimate change ru1d potential for rcmcdiarion
of coastal hahirars. Ph.D. Program, UCSC
We wish you rhe best in this New Year.
Kenn e th Coale
Anu Kumar (CSUF) Abundance of blue
whale calls off Cenrral C..alifOrnia u~ing a seaBoor-mounted hydrophone. Employment:
Gt.1.)-Marine lnc., Newport News, VA.
FALL 2003
Sh annon Jo hnson (SJSU) Molecular
ar1alysis of s<::nlement panerns of the
California (Mytilus cnlifomiant<J) and
Blue (M. trossulus and M. galloprovinciali;) mussels in Moss Landing, CA.
Employment: MBAR.l
Chad King (SJSU) The effects of subsrratum instability, monomorphic symbiosis
at1d irradiar1ce on d1e asexual reproduction of a subtropical anemone in rhe Gulf
of California. Employment: MBNMS
J oann a Grebel (SJSU) Age, growth, and
marurity of cabezon, (Scorpaenichtbys
mrzmwratus), in CA.
Theresa Friend (CSCS) C<"phalopod
remains fi·om the sromach~ of ~perm
whales rhat mass stranded on the Oregon
coast. Employmem: VaxGen, SF
Nicolas Ladizinsky (CSUMBl The
inHuence of dissolved copper on
the production of domoic acid by
Pseudonitzschia species in Monterey
Bay CA. Employment: SFSU/Romberg
Tiburon Cenrer
Steve Watt (CSUMB) Monitoring d1e
surf-zone release of fine-grained sediment
dredged from the f-lu Sanra Cruz harbor
imo rhe Sat1ta Cruz Bight, CA.
Winter 2004
3
continuedji'Om pttge I ...
subjected to trearmenr and concrol conditions aboard ship. Unfortunately, organisms
in ballasr water include almost every group
of major taxa in the ocean. Viruses, bacteria,
phytoplankton, seaweeds, invertebrates and
fish have been documented
in discharged ballast water.
There is no single rest that
can be applied generically
to seawater to test the 'dead
or alive' condition for all
orga..usms. Thus, a ream
effort with m ultiple assays
wa.~ used by the researchers
ro focus on the fhosr ahwldanr groups-viruses, bacteria, phytoplankton and
zooplankton (all of wluch
have been implicated as
potential invaders).
menr. At rhe lugh 8ow rates produced by
ballast pumps, the exposure rime in the UV
sterilizer averages only abour 1 second. Thus,
che lN energy dose must be massive and
the optical conditions must be just right.
fr was clear rhat the transition from benchtop designs to real-rime ship operations
Three cruises (from Long
Beach, CA to various
Mexican ports) aboard
the passenger cruiseliner
Conmi~r ships such as rhu cnn rmnsporr invasive sprcies nround tht world
Sea Princess were conducted
in rhe past two years. 1wo additional
was larger than anticipated. The treatment
system was reanalyzed, rebuilt, and installed
cruises aboard the Marson container vessel
anew for the third cruise aboard d1e Sea
Rj Pftiffir were completed last summer
berween Oakland and H onolulu (allowing Princess and scientific results improved draan evaluation of UV treatmenr compared
matically. Cruise-based assays showed mearhese . surable effects of UV tr~tment on bacteria,
to opeu ocean exchange). Both
vessels represent cooperative efforrs on ,
phytoplankton, and zooplankton, relative to
controls (sec helow). The hydrocyclone porthe parr of the maritime industry ro seck-'
tion of the rcearmenr only removed the very
a solution ro the ballast problem. Ship's
largest of creatures which were scarce; thereengineering and operating crews actively
fore, irs general effect was considered small
parricipated in the installation and operarelative to d1e UV sterilization.
cion of the treatment systems. During
these cruises, scientists donned rheir sea
Overall, the UV ballast treaunem system
legs and went into the bowels of the ship
m conduce their experiments. Engineers
was shown ro he effective; that is, crearmem samples indeed showed reduced
from Hyde Marine (ballast treatment
survivorship relative ro controls. However,
contractors) provided in-line sampling
rb.e·quanrirative cvalnation of creatmenr
pores along rhe ballast piping system that
allowed water to be san1pled before and ..,. effectiveness proved robe uicky, since the
organisms do not necessarily 'disintegrate'
after UV/hydrocyclone treatments.
afrer UV uearmem. For example, in many
The implementation of d1e ballast rreatcases the abundance of bacteria, determined
microscopically, was the same in treatment
ment system in routine ship operation
and control samples. However, their ability
proved to be an engineering challenge. .
Disappointingly, results from the first two
ro grow, measmcd in bacterial culture platcruises revealed no measurable effi:ct of the
ing experiments, was significantly reduced
UV/hydrocyclone rreannenr. Corrosion,
in lN trearmenr samples. Methods used
to evaluate survivorship included laborious
miscued valves and ship vibrations played
visu:li i.nspecrion of larger zooplankton, as
havoc ar all rimes on the large-scale equip-
of
well a~ biochemical assays of 'live' plankron. One novel instrument for assessing
phytoplankton physiological srare was a
pulsed fluorometer which measures the
Auorescence characteristics of the algae.
The instrument produces an i~sranraneous
graphical chart, analogous
to a hospital EKG monitor, which clearly showed
effects to the lN treated
samples, relative to controls. The "percent-kill"
varied widely depending
on the rest and the length
of time allowed for kill ro
rake hold. In some case~
ATP was reduced ro 10%
of its original conccn eracion and no culrurahle
bacteria could be detected
in treated samples.
The UV/hydrocyclone
system installed on the
comainer ship R} Pfeiffer
was tested late last summer.
Again, numerous changes in installation
design wen~ made over the first 6 months
of trial operation; vibrational conditio~s
down in du: engine room of rhc freighter
were even more severe than those of the
cruiseliner. The results fi·om the surruner
R} Pftiffir cruises were again encouraging.
Some assays showed UV treatment effects
on harbor warer that brought concentrations (ATP) and survivorship m levels comparable co the ocean-exchange treatments.
This is a substantial accomplishment since
plankton biomass for some: organism
groups was more chan 10 rimes lower in
the open ocean than in Honolulu Harbor.
The information learned during these
cruises was encouraging. Improvements
in lN dosage and srabilicy are being engineered in newly assembled systems by
Hyde Marine. By nearing ballast water. we
may be able ro partially mirigate the invasion of non-native species and, thereby,
maintain the habitat srrucrure and biodiversity of our coastal waters.
4
\Vavr
With music by the Bye Bye Blues Boy Band and Jazz Landing sounding tlliough
MLML's hallways, Friends members, fac ulty, staff, students and others from the community came together on the hillside for the sixth
Endless ,Summer celebration on
October 4, 2003 to celebrate and support MLML research, education
and co nservation .
A bun of acrivity took place with
bids on auction irems soaring, wine
flowing and great food served by
Michael's Catering.
. 1gsrrved up
' CatCTII
!vfichat! s
afoast.
W in ter 2004
5
Thanks to Our
Endless Summer Contributors!
Our Sponsors
Special Thanks
&Uingcr, Poster & St.:inmeii
Duke Energy North
Americ-a
First National Bank of
C:nrral CalifOrnia
Granite Construaion
Monte!".:)' Bay Aquarium
R=rch Insrirure
Ryan, McDonald &
Kincheloe
James Cochran
Our Event Organizers
Dcmi Bri>c<X
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6
Wtwe
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Molecular Ecology at MLML
By Dr. jonathan CeDer
The lnvcrtebrare Zoology laboratory ar
the Moss Lmding Marine Laboratories is
led by Dr. Jonathan Geller, who took over
this posicion when Dr: James Nybakken
recin..'Cl in the faU of 1998. Dr. Geller teaches
Invertebmte Zoology and Macine Ecology,
but also has a new aJUI5e in marine molecular biology and biotechnology. The research
hy Dr. Geller and graduate srudems in the
Invertebrate Zoology lab also hrtS a molecular
flavor. The general theme is d1e application
of molecular tools ro questions abour marine
invertebrates and their interactions with each
other arrd their environment-what is now
often referred co as "molecular t>cology."
Research topics io the lnvertehi"Jte Zoology
laborarory are diverse, bttt em bt broadly
cttegorized as involving ma1ine conservation biology, and genomic approaches ro
invertebrate evolutionary biology. In the
area of marine conservation biology, Dr.
Geller and his srudcnrs have primarily
focused on the issue of biological invasions. Past pro jeers have used molecular
techniques co derecr invasions, track their
sources, and srudy the population genetic
consequences of the invasion process. ,
For example, mussels in the genus .Mytilus
are f.uniliar in Cal.ilOmkts bays, bur genetic
rechniques have Wl<XJVI:red. the presence ofa
European invader mingled with our native
species. "These mussels cannot be distinguised
reliably by shape, size, or color: Molecular
markcrs uncovered the distribution of the
invader (mostly in southem Cal.ilOmia) and
shoWed that the exotic and narive mussels
arc hybridizing, pre;eming a threat co the
pristine, narive gene pool. Because DNA is
preserved in museum specimens, Dr. Geller
was able co show that southern C'llifomian
mi..ISSCI populations in the 1850's wae native,
implying that the European specie; aaived
later and perhaps displaced the native ~pecies.
Another project rargeted cl1e inrroducetl
northern European Green crab, Ctm:nius
nutenas. Molecular markers rcvealec.l rhar
a sibling species with a Mediterranean
origin exists, and lm invac.led South Africa
and Japan along wirh che northern species. Molecular analysis of the C.alifornia
invasion by green crabs shows tbar these
crabs did not come c.lireccly co California
from Europe but instead came from New
England, which was invaded abour !00
years prior. A similarly delayed leap-frog
invasion ofTasmania from Australia \vas
detected. These cases suggest that m:u1y
invasions spread not by natural dispersal,
but by human acriviries.
Also in the area of conservation biology, the
Invertebrate Zoology laboratory ha~ invt'Stigated genetic scructure.in populations ofan
exploited sea cururnber, IsostichopLtS fitscJts,
in the Galapagos Islands. MLML graduate
Heather I.ohr an..Uy.t..ed nutochond.ri..U DNA
variation in populacioru fiom me Galapagos
lsland, mainland .Ecuador, and the Gulf of
California to show a high rare of gene Bow
between concin..:mal South America and the
islands. but litde g~ecic exchange with central America. Although these data do suggest
char sea cuctunber larvae fiom rhe mainland
may recruit to the Galap-,tgos, it remains
uncertain whether currenr level.~ ofexploitation can be stL~ined.
In the are-a of evolutionary biology, rhc
focus has been on the evolution of sym·
biosis, clonaliry, and allotecognilion in sea
anemones. Many se-a anemones (as well as
corals and other invertebrates) host phorosynthetic microorganisms (called zooxanthellae) in a symbiotic relationship: the sea
anemone gets a energetic boost, and the
zooxam hellae get a home. However, not
all sea anemones or corals host zooxanthellae, which suggest either they lack the
ability to form such partnerships--or that
the partncrshjp is not always beneficial.
By studying rhe evolutionary relationships
in one group of sea anemones, Dr. Geller
has shown r:har symbiotic parmerships
form and dissolve over evolutionary rime.
Thus, it appears that nonsymbiotic species
have the poremial ro host zooxanthdlae bur simply do nor. This observation
provokes questions about the cellular and
molecular mechanisms involved in symbiosis, as well as the ecological situations
in which partnerships are favorable.
The Invertebrate Zoology lab has adopted
functional genomic merhods-the analysis of
gene expression----to in~ the genes dult
regulate symbiosis. Sea anemones, like many
invertebrate animals, ctn reprodu~ ac;exually
by splitting their bodies in rwo or pieces and
.ocgrowing lost parts. Similar ro symbiosis, this
type of clonal reproduction comes and goes
over evolutionary rime, and the Invertebrate
Zoology lab is using genomic methods ro
isolare the genes that control fission in sea
anemones to rry to understand how fission
"re-evolves" over and ~n.
bstly, Dr. Geller has received an award
from the National Science Foundation to
invesdgate genes thar control allorecognrion-the ability of organisms to recognize
the distinction berween chei r own tissues
and tho~e of another individual.
Allorecognirion is Familiar to us in rerm~ of
organ transplants. An organ transplam will
typically be rejected unless tbe donor is a
immunological "march." For htunans, our
immune system mediates allorecognition.
Allorecognition is an ancient phenomenon,
however, and sea anemones recognize other
sea anemones by touch and display aggressive behaviors coward them. Clonemates,
produced by fission, :u·e nwer attacked.
Dr. Geller is working to isolate and
done the receptor molecules that conrrol allorecognition in St>a :u1emones and
investigate their relationship, if any, ro the
inunuoe systems of other organisms.
7
Winter 2004
~ What's
Dr. Bill Broenkow retires as head of
MLML's Physical Oceanography Lab.
His future plam include building a boat
and conrinuing his research at MLML on
the MOBY projecr, a 50-foot long, oneton marine optical buoy that measures
light leaving rhe sea surface and compares
it ro satellite measuremems. To learn
more about the MOBY project log on
ro www. mlml. calstate. edulgrotepslphysocel
pbyintro.htm
Students in Dr. Jim Harvey's Marine
Birds and Mammals class are reconsrrucring the skeleton of a gray whale
(I::schrichtis robmtus) as part of their curricu lum. T he skeleton wi ll be on display
as visitors approach MLML's main lab
building.
M LML welcomes back Dr. Diana
Steller, an alumnus, as irs new Diving
Safety Officer! She will be managing
MLML's dive program and co-reaching
a course in Baja. Mexico this semester.
Diana's research interests are in marine
botany and the subtidal ecology of macrophyre dominated habitats.
·~
;~
New at
MLML? ~
Dr. Toby Garfield, an Associate Professor
of Geosciences at San Francisco State
University, is MLMI:S new Visiting
Facul ry member. His recem projects have
focused on upwelling in Bodega Bay
and flow of the Catifomia Current and
Undercurrent. Whlle at ML.ML, he is
reaching Physical Oceanography and
coordinating rhe CI-CORE (Cemer for
Integrative Coastal Observarion, Research
and Educacion) Program. Read more about
Dr. Garfield and his research on his home
page at http://buoy.sfiu.edul%7egmfte-ldl
Dr. Jonathan Geller, MLMCs Invertebrate
Zoologist, is on sabbatical for the 20032004 academic year, sojourning at the
Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
CUirently, he is working with colleagues at the Smithsonian Institution
on a study of trans-continental
marine invaders- species rhat originated in bays and esruaries of the eastern
United States and are now established
locally. Learn about other exciting projects in MLM I..S Invertebrate Zoology
Lah at
www. mimi. en/state. edulgroupslinvertl
invert2.1mn
~~ ~
~
New crew joins the RIV Pt. Sm~
Marc Pearson and Yury Lazutkin come
aboard as the ship's new Chief Engineer
and Assistant Engineer. In 2004, the
RJV Pr. Sur will expand irs home range
and embark on cruises ro Mexico and
the Columbia River in O regon. To
find our more about the sh ip and the
Marine Operations Program at MLML
visit www. mimi. calsrate.edulmarinopsl
marin_ops.htm
Dr. Gustavo Hernandez, a Professor at
ClCIMAR (Centro Interdisciplinario de
Ciencias Marinas) in La Paz. Mexico, joins
the Phycology Lab at MLML through
July 2004. He
is ragging drifting beds ofkelp
in the Monterey
Bay to study
dispersal in
this group of
algae. To learn
more about the
Phycology Llb
visir kapster.
mimi. en/state.
edul
Friends Thanks PG&E
2003 DR. EAR L H. & ETHYL M . MYERS
AWARD S RECIPIENTS
Award Recipients, from ltft to right: Bridget WallS, Tonatiuh Trejo,
(.'/Jris Rinewalt, Louise Brooks. Myas Representatwt Suve Ruth, Daniele
Ardizzone, Be1h Phillips, Latmt Bodmsteinn
Elimlxth Gumtlxr Fmmz, Environme11tol1idmical Specialist, and
wendy Sarsfield PG&E "Pm1!71tative. join Fxmuivr Din:,r{)r List/
Utrttl andMIML Director Krnneth Coale on Jolm Marti11s Point of
View Frimds thtmks PG&Efor rhrir corttribution ofnin~ St:a Datn!
R1cer lmrpemture sensor uniu to mppqrtji1tzm' l'f'f l!mt'h nt MUvfL
B
THANKS TO OUR 2003 CON1RIBUTORS!
NEW MEMBERS
~) indicnto· !lfiML 11/urmm<
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rlechsig
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Harvey(A)
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Zimmer
9
Winr<r 1004
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SPONSOR
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Gregor Caillier
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Dong
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Sur: Dolkas
Robert Garrison
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Ned & Carol Lyke
Carol Machr & Ken Blood
Marc Mangel
Vicki Mansfield (A)
Mark-ne Martin & Andrew
Marrin
John & Megan Martinelli
& Family
Thomas McCullough
Basil 1\1il6
H.micr 1\.firteldorf
!Vicrrill & Lee Newm;m
Joy B. Osborne
Mike & Diane Pimo
Bruce Robison
Warren Schm idt
Peggy Shirrel
Phyllis Simpkins
Peter Slattery (A)
Jim & Linda Snook
Karin Strasscr-Kauffman
Nancy Towle
Michad & Neal McMah•m
Rick Starr & Mary Annan
MaryTulli~
Bill & Cecy Ussler
David & Diane Venrrcsca
John W. & Margaret P.
Williams
P.tul & Jennefcr Wineman
Marsha McMahan Zelus
Sreve Zlotkin
PATRON
Edd & Norma Burron
Judy McMee
Gerry Selcer
Matthew Linlt:
Charlorre P. Loeh
Jeff Meyer
Henry & Aru1c Mollet
Julie Packard
BUSINESS AFFILIATE
BUSINESS PATRON
Curley & Boorrcn Co.
($5000+)
Duke Enc:rro' North America
BUSINE~S ASSOCIATE
($500-2 99)
LIFE MEMBER
Mary R. C..oalc
Gary Greene
William Head
($2500-4999)
Chevron Research &
"technology Co.
1-lrsr Narional Bank of
G:nrral California
($250-499)
PHILANTHROPIST
lin<Dln & M:uy Louise Muse;
BUSINESS DONOR
Duke Energy-Moss
Landing Power Plant
Rapid Primers of Monterey
SPECIAL I GENERAL
FUND DONORS
Gregor Caillier
Carmela Bay Carden \.tub
Central Coast Lighthouse
Keepers
Elkhorn Slough f oundation
Nick & Mary Welschmcyc:r
IN-KIND DONORS
Jaclin Bum.laff ·
Gregor Caillier
David Chc:J>r:more
Mike Donnellan (A)
Pacific Gas & Elccrm:
Bob & Mary Pankonin
Oorochy Parker
Wt71Jr
CREATURE FEATURE
. Batillaria attramentaria- an Alien in the Slough
B_y D1: james Nybttklun
was introduced direcdywhc::n these exotic
oysters were planted in the slough.
One ~'t<'P on tbe upper and mid-tidal mudBats of Elkhorn Slough and ym1 will come
upon one of the:: most abundanr invertebrates, an introduced Japanese mud snail,
Batillmia atl77l11JelltrlrUt. lt can be found in
huge densities of2,000-l0,000 individuals
pc::r square meter, and s.inee the adtdQ. are
abour 5 an in lc::ngrh and are found on
the surface of the mud Bat:. and around
d1e hascs of thc-pickleweed (Salicomi,l
spJ planes, tht.y are nearly impossible to
overlook. B. tlttmmentar.tl was probably
introduced Grst ro li)males Bay in the
1930's, inadvertently with the PacifiL oyster. GtwostrM gigfl.f, and ~ubSC(juenrly ro
many other California bays. Oysters were
rulrivarcd in 8khorn Slough during the
early 1930's and it is possible tbar the snail
2003 SCHOLARSHIPS
John Martin Scholarship
Louise Brooks, Mm·ine Bird, Mammal
dr Turtle Laboratory: Foraging Ecology
'of Et1st Pacific green tzmle, Chelonia
mydas, in Baja California Su1; Mexico.
Professor: Dr. Jim Harvey
Kim Peppard M emorial Scholarship
Lnura Bodensteiner, Chemical
Oceanogmpby Labomtmy: Seagrfl.fsSedimenr Interactions: Enhanced Oxygm
ii-ansport by Turtlegrass, Thalassia tesrudinum, into Sediments to Resolve the
Carbouate Dissolution Budget. Professor:
Dr. Kenneth Coale
Martha Johnston Memorial Scholarship
Shamw1l jolmso11, lnve~"tebrate Zoology
lAboratory: Molecular Anabrsis ofSetdement
and Hybridization vfthc California Mtme!
Mytilus californian us, Bay Mt~S.Se! M. trossulus, and the Invasive Blue Mussel, M. galloprovincialis, in Moss fflnding, Califomia.
Professor. Dr. Jonathan Geller
;;>
The native California hom mail CetithidM
californica is considered by many ro be an
ecological equivalent of B. atrmmmto.ria
as both occupy the same habitat and utilize similar resources. Several
.~tudies, including a dtesis l>y
Moss Landing student Sean
McDermott, have demonstrated
thar B. attrammtaria displaces
C ct.difornica and compericivdy
excludes it from most haLirats
where both co-occur. The result
ha.s been rhat B. attramentaria
bas replaced C californica in
many California estuaries. B.
tlttmmentaria seems to competitively exclude C ralifornim
Ray Cannon M emorial Scholarship
Hannah N evillS, Mari11e Bird.
Mammal rmd Turtle Lab: Foraging
ecology, movements, and diving behavior
ofCommon M urre in Monterey Bay. CA.
Professor: Dr. Ji m Harvey
Archimedes Scholarship
Aaron Carlisle: Spatial and Temporal
Patterns ofMovement and Habitat
Utilization ofAdult andjuvenile Lcvpard
Sharks in Elkhorn Slough, Ol. Professor:
Dr. Greg Caillier
STUDENT AWARDS
Melissa (Mahoney) Stevens (SFSU)
MotlteiY!J Bay Aqumium/MLML
2003 Western Division and Cal-Neva
C hapter AFS Joint Annual Meeti ng: Best
Student Presentation Runner-up for ';4ge,
Growtb, and Radiometric Age Validation of
Blackgill Rockfish. "
Louise Brooks (SJSU) 2003 CoUege of
Science, Dean's Scholas
-v~\S::
-
by having lower mortality, which is in parr
because it i.~ inf<:cted by only one trematode
parasite, whc.:re 18 species of trematodes
UU1 be found in C. mlifornicn! Many years .
of searching by Moss Landing facu1ry and
student.~ have failed to rum up any C califomictl dead or alive in Elkhorn Slough.
2003 PACKARD GRANTS
2003 Packard Grants to support researd1 nr
presentation of thesis resulQ..
Shannon Johnson: Moleculfl7' muzlysis of
settlement ofthe Califomia musseL Mytilus
califumianus, the btzy mussel, M. trosswus,
a11d the invasilll' blue mussel, M. galloprovincialis, i11 Moss l.ttnding. C.A
Eric Sa11doval: The tjfer:ts ofntgosity and
habitat stmctU17! on a bentbic kelp forest community in Montm:y Bay, 01.
'Ihet-esn Friend: Gphalnpod 17:/IIJlins jivm
tbe stomachs ofsperm whales t!Ja:t mnss snrmded on rhe Oregon cottsl.
Tiffany Brookens: Men:my concenhntions andfood /Jabits ofPacific harbor seal, _
Phoca vinilina richasdi, in Tomnles and Sm
Francisco Ba_ys, C4.
Elw zbetll Phillips: Pncific btlrbor seq/ (Phoca
viruli na richardsi) captive foeding 5tudy: An
examination ofscnt a1111[ysis biases.
Stmi Oats: Survivt.z/, movements, rmdfomging ecology ofweanedpup and subadult Pacific
harbor seal (Phoca virulina richardsi) along
Cen!Tal California.
Louise Bmoks: Foraging ecology ofEast
Pacific f:17!e11 n~rt!c (Otelonia mydas) in Baja
' \\ I
/
'
Califomia Sur, Mexico.
11
Winter 2004
Friends Update
Over the last year, we saw over GOOO vis-
Jacobson who comes ro us with
itors
stro ng business acumen and an
to
the Labs with increased demands
by the public to learn more about
Join
Friends!
incredible emhusiasm for the ocean.
marine and coastal research. Populations
continue to grow along our central coast,
Lf you are driving by on tlighway One
making it even more critical for Friends
in Moss Landing, we invite you
to
share M LML's scien tific discoveries
and research.
to
Become a Friend of Mo.ss Landing Marine
Lahor:uories and receive d<csc benefits: suppon
for J\,1l.Ml. in fimhering research, education
J.nd conservation in marine and coastal environment~, receive a subso iption to om newslener,
V0HP, advance notices abour Friends aaivities
and programs, and discmum ro Friends evenrs.
rake
a momem ro drop into rhe La.bs for a
quick peek of the entire Monterey Bay
from our h illside. lt is a sight not to be
T he building of rhe Ml.ML Coastal
missed and we feel very tornmate to be
Boardwalk is a top priority fo r Friends.
able to share ir with you!
Choose one of the following:
We have designed 24 imerpretive signs
that will tell cultural and natural history stories about our hillside. We arc
D Student
D Senior Cirizen
D lndividudl
D Family
Lisa Uttal
Executive Director
anxious ro break ground at the north
,
D
end of the Labs where rhe trail begins
c
D Sponsor
~
in a cypress and eucalyptus grove. From
this parr of the trail, there are breathta king views into the Salinas Valley,
0
D
D
Bencfiu.:tor
Pat ron
Philanrhropisr
$15
$25
$35
$50
$ ! 00
$250
$500
$1000+
Additionally, please accepr my contribution of.
c
..;
Moss Land ing ha rbor and
~
Momerey Bay.
Friends is pleased to
$
for Friend's gener.tl fund , aoJ/or
$
fur Friend's student scholarship fimd.
NAME
announce the hiring of
MLML graduate stu-
ADDRESS
dent Kendra Hayashi
to
work on retail and
CITY
alumnae matters.
STATE
ZIP CODE
We are also fortunate
to
continue
to
bring
PHONE
incredible expertise to
our Board of Director~
by welcom in g Chuck
Standing: Traci Prude, Richard jolmson
Seated· Carol Maehr, Lisa Utta4 Kendm Hayashi
2003 GRANTING FOUNDATIONS
Friends rhank the following foundations and organizations who generously provide
E·MAIL
I was/am: D a MLML student;
D MI.ML staff; D Mllv1L faculty
Payment method: D Check*
D MasterCard
D Visa (~mtlke checks ptqabk to Friends ofMLML, inc., no cash p!ease)
rheir support hel ping us achieve our mission.
David and Lucile Packard foundation
Ponet Sesnon Foundation
Duke Energy Norrh America
Sony USA foundation Inc.
CREDIT CARD #
EXP. DATE
Fluke Fou ndation
United Way of Monterey County
SIGNATURE
John and Nancy Love FOLmdation
Dave & Judi Zaches
Please complete this foon and send it, along with
your payment. to: Friends of Moss Landing Marine
Laboralorie$. 8272 Moss Landing Road, Moss
Landing. CA 95039. You can contact Friends of MLML
at (831) 7714100 orfriends@mlml.calstate.edu.
Friends ofMoss Lmding Marine Laboratories support the research, educatiotl mul conservation ll!ork ofMoss Lmuling Mm-ine Lnboratories.
Nl>N~ROFIT
OR.GANll.ATION
BULl< RATF
U. S
PO«;TAC;L
PAID
PERMIT • 13
~lOSS
LANDINO, C:A
Friends of Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Inc.
8272 Moss Lancling Road
Moss Landing, CA 95039
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
OFFICERS
President: Richard Nurrer
Ch;Ur: Jim Nybakken Ph.D.
Vice Chair: Marlene Martin
Secretary: Mike Pimo
Treasurer: Randy Hickok
BOARD MEMBERS
Dcmi Briscoe
Edd Burton
Gregor Cailliet, Ph.D.
Cun Collins, Ph.D.
Gary Greene, Ph.D.
Chuck Jacobson
Kenneth Johnson, Ph.D.
Vida Kenk, Ph.D.
Tom LaHue, DVM, DACVS
John O 'Sullivan
Jennefer Wineman
ADVISORY COUNCIL
Andrew DeVogelaere. Ph.D.
Dave Epel, Ph.D.
Kaycey Garrone
William Head, Ph.D.
Scorr Hennessey
Lester Lange, Ph.D.
Susan Marscdla~
James Mauison, M.D.
Michael McMahan
Mike Prince
Bruce Robison, Ph.D.
Mark Silberstein
Karin Strasser Kauffman
Les Strnad
Steven K. Webster, Ph.D.
EX. OFFICIO
Kc.meth Coole. Ph.D.
LEGAL COUNSEL
Laurence Horan and Gary Schwanz
(Horan, Lloyd. Karachale, Dyer.
Schwanz, Law & C..ook, Inc.)
STAFF
Executive Direccor: Lisa Urral
Education Specialist: Traci Prude
Graduate Srudenr Office Assistant:
Kendra Hayashi
Volwueers: Carol Maehr, Richard
Johnson
DoN'T MISS
MLML's OPEN HOUSE
Saturday & Sunday
April 17 & 18, 2004
10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
~::::--,_ ~
Enjoy delicious food!
~~
Meet our faculty, staff and students!
Get an insider's look at our research labs!
Explore careers in Marine Biology and Oceanography!
Enjoy fun activities like fish printing, puppet shows and touch tanks!
Plus learn abOut the biology of sharks and rays, vvhales, shore birds, ~ktnn, algae; dMng under
the ice in AntarcOCa; hydrolhennal ven1s; native dune plants; ageing fish and corals; expbing the deplhs
of lhe Monterey Submarine Canyon; doning anemooes and using sateMes to monitor the ocean!
To be hdd at Moss Landing Marine Laboratories,
8272 Moss Landing Rd., Moss Landing, CA
This event is free and open to rhe public.
Reservations are not required
For more information please call the friends of MLML at (831) 771--4100.