Messe de Minuit - Magnificat Baroque

Wa r r e n S t e w a r t , a r t i s t i c d i r e c t o r
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M AG N
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Messe de Minuit
Friday, December 17 2010 8:00 p.m. St. Patrick’s Seminary, Menlo Park
Saturday, December 18 2010 8:00 p.m. St. Mark’s Episcopal Church, Berkeley
Sunday, December 19 2010 4:00 p.m. St. Mark’s Lutheran Church, San Francisco
MAGNIFICAT
Wa r r e n S t e w a r t , a r t i s t i c d i r e c t o r
Marc-Antoine Charpentier
Jennifer Ellis Kampani, soprano
Ruth Escher, soprano
Christopher LeCluyse, haute-contre
Daniel Hutchings, tenor
Robert Stafford, bass
Matthias Maute, recorder & flute
Louise Carslake, recorder & flute
Rob Diggins, violin
Jolianne von Einem, violin
David Wilson, viola
Anthony Martin, viola
John Dornenburg, viola da gamba
Jillon Stoppels Dupree, organ
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program
Introit des Noels: A la venue de Noel, Une jeune pucelle, Ou s’en vont ces gais bergers,
Or, nous dites Marie, Tous les bourgeois de Châtres
(adapted from settings by Michel Richard de Lalande, Jean-Jacques Rippert,
Sebastien de Brossard, Nicolas LeBegue and Marc-Antoine Charpentier)
Kyrie eleison (Marc-Antoine Charpentier, Messe de Minuit H. 9)
Noel: Joseph est bien marie (Andre Raison, 1712)
Christe eleison (Charpentier, Messe de Minuit H. 9)
Kyrie eleison (Charpentier, Messe de Minuit H. 9)
Noel: Une jeune pucelle (Nicolas LeBegue, 1685)
Gloria in excelsis Deo
Dialogus inter angelos et pastores Judæ in nativitatem Domini, (Charpentier H. 420)
Premiere Parte
Preludium
Recitatif: Usquequo
Chorus Justorum
Air: Con solare filia Sion
Chorus: Utiam dirumperes cœlos
Seconde Parte
Nuit
Réveil des bergers
Air: Nolite temere
Chorus angelorum: Gloria in altissimis Deo
La Marche des Bergers
Chœur des Bergers: O infans, o Deus, o salvator noster
Chanson des Bergers: Pastores undique
Noel: A la venuë de Noël (LeBegue, 1685)
Credo in unum Deum (Charpentier, Messe de Minuit H. 9)
Offertoire: Laissez paître vos bêtes (Charpentier H. 531)
Sanctus (Charpentier, Messe de Minuit H. 9)
Elevation: O pretiosum (Charpentier H. 245)
Benedictus (Charpentier, Messe de Minuit H. 9)
Agnus Dei (Charpentier, Messe de Minuit H. 9)
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with the response of the shepherd’s and townspeople after
receiving the news of Christ’s birth and their subsequent
celebration and rejoicing as they hurry off to the manger. The characters in the noëls are distinctly French and
the lyrics include frequent references to food and wine –
some things never change! By the end of the 17th century,
many French composers had embraced these rustic tunes
with many settings for organ and various instrumental ensembles published from the 1680s onward. Charpentier’s
use of the tunes in a “parody” technique in his mass was
most likely the first, though several others followed, most
notably Sebastien de Brossard’s Missa quinti toni of 1700.
Notes
The music on our program was composed during the decade
that Marc-Antoine Charpentier served as maître de musique at the
principal Jesuit Church of St Louis in Paris. As a result of his
early education, both in France and Rome, and his inclinations
as a composer, Charpentier had ideal credentials as a Jesuit
composer and benefited from the Jesuits’ liberal, even worldly, approach to the arts and religious education. The decade
he spent working for the Jesuits was remarkably productive.
The sumptuously decorated Church St. Louis, now called
St. Paul-St. Louis, was built on Rue Saint-Antoine in the
affluent Marais district. Commissioned by Louis XIII, who
ceremoniously laid the first stone in 1627, the church was
completed by 1641 and is one of the oldest examples of Jesuit
architecture in Paris. The design, directed by Etienne Martellange and Francois Derand, was inspired by the baroquestyle Gesu Church in Rome, and, like Charpentier’s music,
incorporates elements of both Italian and French styles.
Its congregation was wealthy and sophisticated and they no
doubt greatly appreciated (and generously supported) the
church’s lavish architecture, marble, gold and silver ornament
and exquisite paintings. They would have also appreciated
Charpentier’s sensuous and expressive music performed by
the finest musicians in Paris, including singers from the Opera.
Charpentier uses ten noël melodies as the basis for individual
sections of the Mass, for example, Joseph est bien Marie serves as
the subject matter of the first Kyrie, Or, nous dites Marie for the
Christe and Une jeune pucelle for the second Kyrie. In addition
to the ten noël melodies that Charpentier incorporates into
the mass ordinary, he also suggests that after the Credo an
instrumental setting of Laissez paistre vos bestes be performed at
the Offertory – and he provides just such a setting elsewhere
in his notebooks. The composer also calls upon the organist
to perform two noëls, Joseph est bien marie after the first Kyrie
and Une jeune pucelle after the second. We have also added
a third organ setting, A la venue de Noel, before the Credo.
Charpentier’s use of the noël tunes fits well with the Jesuit
approach of ‘enculturation,’ the blending of indigenous cultural traditions in the service of God and the celebration of
the sacraments. It is especially fitting that these popular noëls
were incorporated into a mass explicitly intended for Christmas Eve – precisely on this unique night when God takes on
human form, when the sacred can combine with the secular.
The most distinctive feature of Charpentier’s Messe de Minuit is
of course its use of the melodies of traditional French Christmas carols, or noëls. The use of the word noël in reference to
the birth of Christ can be traced back to the 13th century.
The word is related to newness, as in “good news” or “New
Year,” and was used in non-Christmas contexts as well. By
Charpentier’s time, noël could refer to Christmas Day itself,
songs related to Christmas (like those upon which his mass
is based,) or simply an exuberant cry of rejoicing. Since the
fifteenth century noëls have been sung by Frenchmen of all
classes to celebrate the Christmas season. Most of the tunes
that Charpentier employed in his setting of the mass ordinary
were already centuries old and would have been as familiar to
his listeners as Silent Night or O Come All Ye Faithful would be to
audiences today. Indeed, many of the noëls used by Charpentier are still sung in Francophone countries around the world.
The Mass provides the basic structure of the program, but in
the place of the Liturgy of the Word between the Gloria and
Credo we will perform the oratorio (or histoire sacreé) Dialogus
inter angelos et pastores Judæ, which sets the Christmas Eve narrative of angels and shepherds, the Gospel text for Midnight
Mass. Charpentier wrote at least six settings of the Christmas
narratives, which to some extent share both music and text.
It has thus far proven impossible to determine the year or
the circumstances for which the Dialogus inter angelos et pastores
Judæ was composed, but based its placement in Charpentier’s
notebooks and evidence of the paper stock it was certainly
composed, and presumably performed, during his tenure
at the Jesuit church. It closely resembles In nativitatem Domini
Canticum, H. 416, sharing structure, text, and a considerable
amount of music, though the keys and instrumentation differ.
The tunes themselves most often had an existence independent of their Christmas lyrics and with very few exceptions
collections of noëls (typically called Bibles des Noëls) contained only the texts with an indication to sing the words
to a tune (or timbre) often identified by their commonly
known secular titles. Not until Christophe Ballard’s Chant
des Noëls, published in Paris in 1703, do we find a complete
collection of noëls with words and music – in this case as
continuo songs or airs. The noël tunes are noted for their
simplicity, their often dance-like rhythm and above all the
bucolic nature of their texts. Most concern themselves
The Dialogus opens with a grand prelude that leads to a
urgent tenor recitative and a “Chorus of the Righteous” that
describes a state of anticipation, awaiting the birth of Christ.
A bass air in the form of a rondeau follows and the section
concludes with a chorus calling for redemption, joyful and
full of hope. The second part opens with an instrumental
depiction of night built on interwoven fugal textures. The
3
an instrumental arrangement of the noel by Charpentier. Next is an organ setting of Ou s’en vont ces gais bergers by Nicolas LeBegue, one of the organists of the Sun
King and a colleague of Charpentier. A verse of Or, nous
dites Marie is framed by a trio sonata arrangement by Michel Richard De Lalande from his Symphonies des Noels. Finally we perform two verses of Tous les bourgeois de
Châtres together with Charpentier’s instrumental setting.
composer effects a striking contrast by following the Night
music with a “Shepherd’s Awakening,” followed by the appearance of the angel, who addresses the shepherds in a blinding light. The Heavenly Host joins, singing to the glory of
God and after a march of the shepherds, all fall adoringly
before the newborn infant. The oratorio concludes with a
chorus, in which the shepherd’s marvel at their experience.
In lieu of an Introit, we will open our program with an arrangement of five noël melodies that incorporates several settings by Charpentier and his contemporaries. The Introit des
Noëls begins with perhaps the oldest of the melodies, often
designated as “The First Noel”, A la venue de Noel, adorned
with a flute duet by Jean-Jacques Rippert published in 1725
and then a polyphonic setting adapted from the Credo of Sebastien de Brossard’s Missa quinti toni pro nocte Die festi natalis
Domini of 1700. One verse of Une jeune pucelle is followed by
Many thanks to H. Wiley Hitchcock, Catherine Cessac, Patricia Ranum and John Powell for
their excellent scholarship that has contributed so
much to our understanding of Charpentier. Thanks
to Nicholas Elsishans for his advocacy of the Messe
de Minuit and to Gilbert Martinez, Matthias Maute,
Louise Carslake, John Dornenburg, the UC Berkeley
Music Library, Michael Barger for all their help. And
thanks to Nika Korniyenko for making us look good!
M AG N
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4-6 18-20
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Music by Remarkable Women
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I
giving voice to the human spirit
4
Texts and Translations
A la venuë de Noel
A la venuë de Noel
Chacun se don’t bien ré-jou-ir,
Car c’est un testament nouvel
Que tout le monde doit tenir.
At the coming of Christmas
Each one should heartily rejoice,
Because it’s a new testament
That all the world must heed.
Quand par son orgueil Lucifer
Dedans l’abime trebucha
Nous allons trestous en Enfers,
Mais le Fils Dieu nous racheta.
When by his pride Lucifer
Stumbled into the abyss,
We all were going to Hell,
But the Son of God redeemed us.
Dedans la Virge s’en ombra,
Et dans son corps voulut gesir,
La nuit de Noel enfanta
Sans peine et sans douleur souffrir.
Within a Virgin He cast his shadow,
And in her body He wished to lie,
The night of Christmas she gave birth
Without suffering pain and anguish.
Incontinent que Dieu fut né
L’Ange l’ala dire aux pasteurs,
Lesquels se prirent à chanter
Un chant qui étoit graciuex.
As soon as God was born,
The angel went to tell the shepherds
Who took to singing
A melody most graceful.
Amen, Noel, Noel, Noel,
Je ne me pourrois plus tenir,
Que je ne chante ce Noel,
Quand je voy mon Sauveur venir.
Amen, Noel, Noel, Noel.
I cannot restrain myself any longer,
And must sing this noel
When I see my Savior come.
Noel: Une jeune pucelle
Une jeune pucelle de noble Coeur
priant en sa chambrette sa Créateur.
L’ange du ciel descendant sur la terre
luy conta la mystère de notre Salvateur.
A young maiden of noble heart
was praying in her room to her creator.
The angel of heaven came down to earth
and told her the mystery of our savior.
Or, nous dites Marie
Or, nous dites Marie
Les pauvres pastoreaux,
Qui gardoient és montagnes,
Leurs brebis et agneux?
Listen, what does Mary tell us
of those poor shepherds
who watched their sheep
and lambs in the mountains?
Ceux-là m’ont visitée,
Par grande affection,
Sçachez que fort m’agrée
Leur visitation.
They came to visit me
out of pure affection,
You must know that their visit
touched me deeply.
Noël: Tous les bourgeois de Châtres
All the citizens of Châtres and Mont-l’Héry
are having a good time on this day
when Jesus Christ was born of Mary,
near the cow and the donkey
where they lay in the manger.
Tous les bourgeois de Chastres et de Mont-l’Héry
menez tous grande joye cette journée icy,
que nasquit Jésus-Christ de la Vierge Marie,
près le boeuf et l’ânon, don, don,
entre lesquels coucha, la, la, en une bergerie.
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Everyone asked the mother and the son
to please save them a place in Paradise,
which they promised to do,
and then everyone hurried home to his canton,
some here, some there, having had a great party.
Tous prièrent de grâce, et la mère et le fils,
de leur faire une place dedans le Paradis,
ce qu’ils leurs ont promis, et puis chacun
s’apprêta d’aller vers son canton, don, don,
qui de ci, qui de là, la, la, en faisant bonne fête.
Kyrie eleison
Lord have mercy.
Christ have mercy.
Lord have mercy.
Kyrie eleison.
Christe eleison.
Kyrie eleison.
Gloria in excelsis Deo
Glory to God in the highest,
and on earthy peace to men of good will.
We praise You, we bless You,
we adore You, we glorify You,
we give thanks to You for Your great glory.:
O Lord God, King of heaven,
God the Father Almighty.
O Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son;
O Lord God, Lamb of God, Son of the Father:
You, who take away the sins of the world,
have mercy on us;
You, who take away the sins of the world,
hear our prayer;
You, who sit at the right hand of the Father,
have mercy on us.
For You alone are holy, You alone are the Lord,
You alone are high above all: Jesus Christ,
with the Holy Spirit, in the glory of God the Father.
Amen.
Gloris in excelsis Deo,
et in terra pax hominibus bonæ voluntatis.
Laudamus te, benedicimus te,
adoramus te, glorificamus te,
gratias agimus tibi propter magnam gloriam tuam:
Domine Deus, rex cœlestis,
Deus Pater omnipotens.
Domine Fili unigenite, Jesu Christe;
Domine Deus, Agnus Dei, Filius Patris:
Qui tollis peccata mundi,
miserere nobis;
qui tollis peccata mundi,
suscipe deprecationem nostram;
qui sedes ad dexteram Patris,
miserere nobis.
Quoniam tu solus Sanctus, tu solus Dominus,
tu solus Altissimus, Jesu Christe,
cum Sancto Spiritu: in gloria Dei Patris.
Amen.
Dialogus inter Angelos et Pastores
Première Partie
Premier Berger: Usquequo avertis faciem tuam
Domine, et oblivisceris tribulationis nostræ.
First Shepherd: How long will you turn your face away,
O Lord, and forget our tribulations?
Choeur des Bergers: Memorare testamenti tui quod
locutus es. Veni, veni de excelso, et libera nos.
Chorus of Shepherds: Remember your promise that you
declared. Come, come from on high and free us.
Second Berger: Consolare filia Sion, quare mœrore
consumeris. Veniet ecce Rex tibi mansuetus, veniet et
non mentietur. In illa die stillabunt montes dulcedinem,
et colles fluent lac et mel. Prope est ut veniat Dominus,
juxta est salus Domini, veniet et non tardabit. Consolare filia Sion, et sustine Deum salvatorem tuum.
Second Shepherd: Take comfort, o daughter of Zion.
Why are you consumed with grief ? Behold, the King will
come to you all gentle, he will come and not be false. On
that day the mountains will drip with sweetness, and the
hills will flow with milk and honey. The time is nigh when
the Lord will come. The salvation of the Lord is at hand.
He will come and not tarry. Take comfort, o daughter of
Zion, and await God your savior.
Choeur des Bergers: Utinam dirumperes cælos,
redemptor noster, et descenderes.
Rorate cæli desuper, et nubes pluant justum.
Aperiatur terra, et germinet Salvatorem.
Chorus of Shepherds: O break through the heavens,
our redeemer, and come down!
Drop dew from above, o heavens, and let the clouds
rain down justice.
Let the earth be opened and bring forth the Savior.
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Seconde Partie
Second Part
La Nuit
Night
Réveil des Bergers
Awakening of the Shepherds
Bergers: Cæli aperti sunt, lux magna orta est,
lux magna, lux terribilis.
Shepherds: The heavens have opened and a great light
has arisen, a great and wondrous light!
L’Ange: Nolite timere pastores, ecce enim annuntio vobis gaudium magnum quod erit omni
populo, quia natus est vobis hodie Salvator
Christus Dominus in civitate David.
Et hoc erit vobis signum: invenietis infantem
pannis involutum, et positum in præsepio.
Surgite ergo, ite properate et adorate Dominum.
Vos autem Angeli cantate mecum Domino canticum novum, quia mirabilia fecit super terram.
Angel: Be not afraid, shepherds, for behold I bring you
tidings of great joy which will be for all people, for today
was born for you in the city of David the Savior Christ
the Lord. And this will be a sign for you: you will find
the babe wrapped in swaddling clothes and laid in a
manger. Arise therefore, go and make haste to adore the
Lord. And you, o Angels, sing with me a new song to
the Lord, for he has done marvelous things on earth.
Choeur des Anges: Gloria in altissimis Deo. et
in terra pax hominibus bonæ voluntatis.
Choir of Angels: Glory to God in the highest and on
earth peace to men of good will.
Premier Berger: Transeamus usque Bethlehem,
et videamus hoc verbum quod factum est, quod
Dominus ostendit nobis.
First Shepherd: Let us go over into Bethlehem and let
us see this thing that has come to pass, which the Lord
has shown to us.
Marche des Bergers
March of the Shepherds
Bergers: O infans, o Deus, o Salvator noster!
Sic eges, sic friges, sic amas,
O infans, o Deus, o Salvator noster!
Shepherds: O Child, o God, o our Savior!
You are so needy, you are so cold, yet you love so much,
O Child, o God, o our Savior!
Chanson des Bergers
Pastores undique
Certent concentibus
Pastorum hodie
Natus est Dominus.
Certent muneribus,
Certent amoribus,
Palmas victori legite.
Song of the Shepherds
Let shepherds everywhere
Contend in song,
For today is born
The Lord of the shepherds.
Let them contend in gifts,
Let them contend in love,
Choose a prize for the victor.
Agni cum matribus
Caulis prorumpite,
Aquæ de fontibus
Agros perfundite
Aves in vallibus,
Concordent cantibus
Silvæ, lac et me facite.
O lambs with your mothers
Break forth from your folds,
O waters from fountains
Flood all the fields,
Let the birds in the valleys
Join together in songs,
O woods, make milk and honey.
Credo
Credo in unum Deum
Patrem omnipotentem, factorem cœli et terræ, visibilium
omnium et invisibilium.
Et in unum Dominum Iesum Christum,
Filium Dei unigenitum,
et ex Patre natum ante omnia sæcula.
Deum de Deo, lumen de lumine,
I believe in one God
The Father almighty, maker of heaven and earth,
of all that is seen and unseen.
And in one Lord Jesus Christ,
the only begotten Son of God.
Born of the Father before all ages.
God of God, Light of Light,
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Deum verum de Deo vero,
genitum, non factum, consubstatialem Patri;
per quem omnia facta sunt.
Qui propter nos homines et propter nostram
salutem descendit de cœlis.
true God of true God.
Begotten, not made, being of one substance with the Father,
by whom all things were made.
Who for us and for our salvation
came down from heaven.
Et incarnatus est de Spiritu Sancto
ex Maria Virgine, et homo factus est.
And was incarnate by the Holy Spirit
of the Virgin Mary, and was made man.
Crucifixus etiam pro nobis sub Pontio Pilato;
passus et sepultus est.
Et resurrexit tertia die, secundum Scripturas.
Et ascendit in cœlum, sedet ad dexteram Patris.
Et iterum venturus est cum gloria,
judicare vivos et mortuos,
cuius regni non erit finis.
He was crucified for us: suffered under Pontius Pilate,
and was buried.
And rose on the third day, in fulfillment of Scripture.
And ascended to heaven to sit at the right hand of the Father.
And he will come again in glory,
To judge the living and the dead,
and his kingdom will have no end.
Et in Spiritum Sanctum, Dominum et vivificantem:
qui ex Patre Filioque procedit.
Qui cum Patre et Filio simul adoratur
et conglorificatur.
Qui locutus est per Prophetas.
Et in unum, sanctam, catholicam et apostolicam
Ecclesiam.
Confiteor unum baptisma
in remissionem peccatorum.
Et expecto resurrectionem mortuorum,
et vitam venturi sæculi.
Amen.
And I believe in the Holy Spirit, Lord
and giver of life,
who proceeds from the Father.
Who with the Father and the Son is adored
and glorified.
Who has spoken by the prophets.
And in one holy catholic
and apostolic church.
I confess one baptism
for the remission of sins.
And I look for the resurrection of the dead,
and the life of the world to come.
Amen.
Sanctus
Sanctus, Sanctus, Sanctus Dominus Deus Sabaoth. Pleni sunt cæli et terra gloria tua.
Hosanna in excelsis.
Holy, Holy, Holy Lord God Almighty.
Heaven and earth are full of your glory.
Hosanna in the highest.
Elevation (H. 245)
O pretiosum, o salutiferum, o admirabile convivium!
Quis exprimere sufficit hujus sacramentisuavitatem, per
quod spiritalis dulcedo in suo fonte gustatur ?
Ah! nullus sufficit, fulcite me floribus, stipate me mali,
ecce præ dulcedine deficit, virtus mea, ecce languet
anima mea amoreet desiderio Jesus !
O precious, salutory, marvelous banquet!
Who can describe the sweetness of the sacrament, causing
every heavenly delicacy to be savored at its source.
Ah, no one can! Support me with flowers,
Provide me with apples, how such sweetness
makes me faint, how my soul begins to languish
with love and desire for Jesus!
Benedictus
Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord.
Hosanna in the highest.
Benedictus qui venit in nomine Domini.
Hosanna in excelsis.
Agnus Dei
Angus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, miserere nobis.
Angus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, miserere nobis.
Angus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, dona nobis pacem.
Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world, have mercy on us.
Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world, have mercy on us.
Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world, grant us peace.
8
DONNE VIRTUOSE
4-6
Music by Remarkable Women february 2011
Soprano Jennifer Ellis Kampani will be featured in a program of passionate arias, sublime motets and dazzling instrumental sonatas by four extraordinary women. Francesca
Caccini composing for the Medici Court,
Barbara Strozzi among Venetian intellectuals, Isabella Leonarda from her Novarese
convent and Elisabeth Jacquet de la Guerre
for the Parisian aristocracy: each gave voice
to their creative genius in the face of cultural restrictions on the artistic expression of women and produced masterworks
that speak eloquently across the centuries.
for tickets call (800) 595-4849
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Friday February 4 2011 8:00 pm St. Patrick’s Seminary, Menlo Park
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Thomas Cragg
Robert Dawson & Linda Nakell
Annie-May de Bresson
Lester Dropkin
Karen Duncan
William Espey
Melinda Fagan
Elizabeth & Paul Fifield
Genevieve Firestone
John and Carol Glanville
Deirdre Good
Donna Heinle
Edward Helfeld
George Kovatch & J. Robert Wiskotzil
Mr. and Mrs. Norman G. Leaper
Alfred & Jane Lim
Franz Mayrhofer
Rebecca Moyle
Charlotte Nolan
G. B. & Maria Norall
Dennis Osmond
Douglas Overmyer
Fran & Helen Pillsbury
Jan Willem Prak
Peggy Shippen
Fred Sondheimer
Fran Steele
Aliza & Delmar Stewart
Nelson Stewart
David Stryker
Claire Taylor
Thomas White