Appendices - Perry Wood

Transcription

Appendices
-
Management note Protected Species
Local Nature Reserve and Roadside Nature Reserve details
Excerpts from KWT draft plan 2008
KWT draft maps 2008
Kent and Medway Biological Records (records within 1km)
Moth list, J Badmin (Kent Field Club)
Fungi list (2003)
Perry Wood Management Note – with regard to European Protected Species
and Woodland Birds.
There are known to be Dormice, Bats and Adders in Perry Wood, as well as significant
populations of breeding birds. The habitat is attractive to a diversity of protected species
and management must be sensitive to the mixed needs of these plants and animals. The
detail given below defines specific considerations for key European Protected Species and
Breeding Birds, whilst conservation of species diversity will be central to the management
plan.
An Operational Site Assessment (OSA) will be undertaken for any forestry activity in the
woods, as per the attached checklist and with reference to the information detailed below.
Dormice
Dormice are known to be present and breeding in Perry Wood. Whilst they may favour areas of
ancient semi-natural woodland with a good understorey, they’re likely to be found throughout all
compartments of the site.
Any woodland management can be harmful to dormice and risks an offence being committed with
regard to EPS regulations. Mechanised operations – such as coppicing, thinning and ride
management are the most invasive and require careful consideration of how to minimise risk to
dormouse populations. The most favourable time of year for operations with regard to dormice is
April / May (post-hibernation, pre-breeding), but this coincides with breeding bird season – so on
balance the Winter hibernation period is considered to be the least damaging time of year for timber
removal, with site specific care and consideration taken for each element of work. This also takes
consideration of the fact that woodland management is vital for conservation of dormouse and
other wildlife habitats.
Ways in which Perry Wood management takes consideration of EPS regulations with regard to
dormice are as follows:
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Operations will take place between October and March (November and February where
possible).
Small areas will be managed at a time. For example, coppice coupes will be no greater than
1 acre (0.4ha) up to a total of 2.5 ha per year.
Plenty of surrounding habitat will be left in each major compartment, giving consideration to
linkage between cut areas. Perry Wood is a moderate size, but it is already fragmented by a
network of roads.
Where possible, timber extraction will be by heavy horses. Some limited amount of coppice
wood (up to 1.5ha per year) will be extracted by mechanical means (forwarder).
Where coppicing takes place, any natural understorey be left intact, with the exception of
rhododendron, which will have been removed a year in advance of coppicing in most cases,
and which would not offer a viable habitat for dormice.
Coppicing will be in progressive 1 acre coupes, leaving a varied age structure, plenty of
canopy and pinch points throughout the woodland.

Some considerable areas of the woodland are to be managed as ‘minimum intervention’ to
act as reserves from which the population can recolonise the worked areas as they become
more suitable.
Bats
All UK bat species are European Protected Species.
Pipistrelle, serotine and long-eared brown bats have been recorded in and around Perry
Wood. Of course other species may well be present. There is a good network of aging and
veteran trees, woodpecker holes, minimum intervention areas with broken trees and
stumps, so there is plenty of foraging and potentially breeding habitat. There are also many
houses and agricultural buildings in and around the woods providing possible Summer
roosts.
Ways in which Perry Wood management takes consideration of EPS regulations with regard
to bats are as follows:
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All tree safety work next to public rights of way and property, will take account of
options with regard to stabilising trees which might offer bat habitat.
All work on mature trees will include visual assessment for potential bat roosts, with
a low, medium, high rating.
Veteran trees will be thoroughly mapped and will be subject to annual monitoring.
There is a considerable network of rides which will be maintained, enabling
sheltered feeding ‘routes’ through the site, with the precaution noted above.
The coppice rotation will be reinstated to enable a mixed age structure and network
of sheltered areas; with considerable areas of non-intervention and mature
woodland.
Where possible, management works will take place to create open areas near to the
ponds on the periphery of the site.
Newts
There have been no records of Great Crested Newts in Perry Wood, but there are 3 ponds
on the outskirts of the woodland, which provide habitat for common palmate newts.
Management will be minimal and sensitive, with conservation of natural ground-flora and
understorey as a high priority.
Birds
Native breeding bird populations are protected by the Wildlife and Countryside Act.
Disturbance of nests during the breeding season (from end March / April) is an offence.
Management operations affecting scrub and broadleaved woodland will be carried out overWinter where possible. The exception is restoration of the open-areas (heathland) at
Windmill Hill and The Mount – bracken control will be carried out at the height of the
bracken-growing season, that is, June and August.
The highest degree of risk in this case is for ground-nesting and dwelling birds such as
skylarks and nighjar, both of which have been recorded in Perry Wood. Brush-cutting and
rollers pulled by heavy-horses will be the primary method of management, rather than large
machinery. The areas of bracken control are relatively small pockets, leaving considerable
areas for wild birds. That said, advice will be sought from RSPB as to the potential sensitivity
of the site for particular breeding bird populations.
The proposed management to develop and maintain rides and glades, increasing insect
numbers, is generally beneficial to native bird species, as long as there is no direct
disturbance during breeding season.
Birds of conservation concern which have been recorded in Perry Wood are:
Spotted flycatcher - Management of broadleaved woodland beneficial.
Turtle dove – Particularly in habitats woodland edges and scrub. Management to increase
‘edge-effect’ such as ride-maintenance and work with neighbouring landowners would be
beneficial.
Skylark – Nesting areas on open hilltops – again, less use of mechanisation during breeding
season, use of horses advisable, on restricted pockets.
Song-thrush – Similarly, open areas and undisturbed scrubby breeding habitat are important
for this species; also wet areas, such as the natural springs that occur at the bottom of the
hills in the wood.
Operational Site Assessment
Complete immediately prior to operations.
Please include detail on a map wherever possible.
Site Feature
Present
Y/N
Possible impact of operations
Measures taken (eg time of year, revised extraction
route etc)
Present
Y/N
Possible Impact of operations
route etc)
Watercourses/Drains
Mires/Ponds/Wetlands
Overhead Powerline
Underground Pipelines
Easements/Wayleaves
Quarries/Mine Shafts
Bridges/Culverts
Roads
Other Adverse Terrain / Soil
Fence Lines
Access Gates
Third Party Access
Public Rights of Way
Other (Specify)*
Designation
ASNW
PAWS
SPA/SAC
SSSI
LNR
SAM or archaeological feature
CROW
Other (Specify)*
Where consent is required to work on a designation (e.g. SSSI, SAM) has it been obtained?
Conservation Interest
Feature
Present
Y/N
Possible impact of operations
Yes 
No 
route etc)
Badger Setts
Raptor Nesting Areas
Nesting birds
European Protected Species
(consider species individually)
Mires or Ponds
Watercourses
Gill woodland
Environmental Corridor
Veteran Trees
Deadwood
Rare Plants
Other (Specify)*
* Note: there may be other elements to consider not listed here. This should not be viewed as a complete and exhaustive list.
Comment and notes. (Date of survey, method etc).
The Significance of Local Wildlife Sites in Kent
Introduction to Local Wildlife Sites
1) In the UK, those sites and areas considered to be of the greatest importance for
nature conservation are protected in law as Sites of Special Scientific Interest
(SSSIs). SSSIs which are of international significance are in many cases given
additional protection as Special Areas of Conservation (SACs), Special Protection
Areas (SPAs) or Ramsar Sites.
2) However, it is recognised that features and sites of significant nature conservation
interest exist outside the network of statutorily protected wildlife areas. It is also
recognised that the protection and conservation of this wider nature conservation
interest is essential to the maintenance of the UK’s natural heritage, to the
achievement of national and local biodiversity targets, and to making sure
everyone has access to wild places and natural countryside. One established
method for the conservation of wildlife outside of statutory sites is the
identification and designation of Local Wildlife Sites, sometimes called Sites of
Nature Conservation Interest (SNCIs) or Sites of Importance for Nature
Conservation (SINCs).
3) The current Planning Policy Guidance Note on Nature Conservation (PPG9) sets
out the importance of local wildlife sites to the conservation of UK biodiversity,
and places a duty on local planning authorities to recognise and protect such
places. In addition, DEFRA is currently preparing guidance on the creation and
management of systems for identifying and protecting local wildlife sites. The
DEFRA guidance states that local wildlife sites ‘can play a vital role in delivering
local, regional and national biodiversity … targets, which contribute to public
enjoyment of nature and quality of life.’
4) In Kent Local Wildlife Sites have been identified and designated by Kent Wildlife
Trust since 1985. There is now a network of nearly 500 sites in the current
administrative areas of Kent, Medway, Bromley and Bexley. The sites cover a
total of around 35 000 hectares, or roughly 9% of the county’s land area. The
current system of identification of sites is recognised and supported by English
Nature, the Environment Agency, Kent County Council, Medway Unitary
Authority, and the various district councils.
Purpose of Local Wildlife Sites
7. In April 2000, the Local Sites Review Group of the then DETR (now Department
of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs) defined the overall objective of a Local Sites
system as follows:
“The series of non-statutory Local Sites seeks to ensure, in the public interest, the
conservation, maintenance and enhancement of species, habitats, geological and
geomorphological features of substantive nature conservation value. Local Site
systems should select all areas of substantive value including both the most
important and the most distinctive species, habitats, geological and
geomorphological features within a national, regional and local context. Sites
within the series may also have an important role in contributing to the public
enjoyment of nature conservation.”
8. The emerging DEFRA guidance makes it clear that the ‘conservation, maintenance
and enhancement’ of species and habitats should be achieved
a. By local wildlife sites systems having regard to the targets and
priorities set out in national and local Biodiversity Action Plans
(BAPs); and
b. Through the identification of sites and provision of protective policies
in Local Development Plans, and, where appropriate, through policies
in Structure Plans or in Regional Planning Guidance.
9. The primary purposes of the Local Wildlife Sites system are therefore:
c. To help secure the protection of nationally and locally threatened
habitats and species, particularly where these are identified in the
UK and Kent Biodiversity Action Plans.
d. To clearly identify sites of substantive nature conservation value
which should be protected from damaging development.
10. The reference in the DEFRA guidance to ‘maintenance and enhancement’
indicates a third purpose, which is
e. To provide a framework for the targeting of management work,
advice, grant aid and other activities in order to secure the
effective conservation of the most important features of Kent’s
biodiversity.
11. There is a fourth purpose implicit in any system for the identification of Local
Wildlife Sites. Such a system relies on a clear understanding of the county’s
biodiversity, and how it is changing. The fourth purpose could therefore be expressed
as
f. To provide a clearer understanding of the nature and importance
of Kent’s wildlife habitats, and the ways in which these change
over time.
Taken from ‘Local Wildlife Sites in Kent. Criteria for selection and
delineation. V 1.3. February 2006.’ Kent Wildlife Trust (on behalf of the
Kent BAP Partnership) 2006.
Local Wildlife Site Schedule: ‘SW47 - Perry Wood, nr Selling’
Appendix 3
Roadside Nature Reserves
Description
1. Road Verge Network
The Road Verge Project was set up in 1994 to identify, protect and manage road
verges which contain threatened habitats or wildlife. The Project covers all of the
Kent and Medway area and is funded by Kent County Council and Kent Highways
and managed by Kent Wildlife Trust, who employs a part time Road Verge Officer.
- What are Roadside Nature Reserves?
These are sites of conservation interest adjacent to roads and the RNRs in Kent
currently protect around 90 km (55 miles) of road verge and total 134 sites throughout
the county.
The RNRs protect declining habitats such as chalk grassland, ancient woodland edges
and heathland. Many of the sites hold nationally scarce species such as Lizard orchid,
Man and Lady orchid. County rare and scarce species such as Wild liquorice, Sawwort and Green hellebore can also be found on these sites.
Management plans are written for each site and copies are held at Kent Highways
Services, Kent Wildlife Trust and with the volunteer warden for each site (and
occasionally with the Parish Council). The management is tailored to protect the key
species at the site and also to favour other species such as reptiles, amphibians,
nesting birds, small mammals and invertebrates. On some sites this may require
creating a diverse habitat, and much of this specific management is over and above
what can be expected to be undertaken by cutting contractors and this is where the
additional work is carried out by the Road Verge Officer, with the help of volunteers.
Each RNR site is marked by signs on posts at either end of the area of interest. At
least two—three days a year are spent replacing old and missing signs and posts.
Marking the RNRs is essential to ensure that cutting contractors and utility companies
are aware of their presence. Equally, the signs raise public awareness to the
conservation issues of these special road verges.
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2. History of the project, location and extent of RNR network, and current status
Up to the mid 1970’s, about 50% of England and Wales was managed grassland
containing the species often found in hay meadows or grazing pasture. Where the road
verges pass through more acid or calcareous soils, plants specialised to this habitat
could be found. Regular management and local knowledge helped to maintain these
sites. In rural areas, up until the 1960’s parish lengthsman could be seen using grazing
animals to maintain some of the verges. These were eventually replaced by the use of
machinery. In addition, many area of countryside, including the verges were subject
to the use of weedkillers. With agricultural intensification and the use of fertilisers,
many road verges were affected by the run-off which led to nutrient enrichment and
this favoured the more robust plant species, such as stinging nettle. Hence, there has
been a decline and loss of the more sensitive species (such as,orchids, chalk tolerant
flowers) on general road verges. As a result of this decline in wildlife interest, the
RNR project was set up to try and safeguard the best road verges in the county.
Initially, the ten best roadside verges in each borough/ district were selected in 1994.
This selection was based on the following criteria:
Presence of Red Data Book species (RDB), BAP species, nationally or
county rare/scarce species.
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Declining habitat, e.g. chalk grassland and presence of habitat
indicator species.
Whether the site can be managed effectively to maintain and enhance
the site, considering the health and safety issues.
The quality of RNRs across Kent is quite variable because each site
should be assessed according to its nature conservation value in the borough/district
context.
The RNR project has gradually developed and evolved over the last twelve years and
in some districts there are now more than ten RNRs whilst in other areas the number
has fallen below the original ten per district. The loss of sites is due to various
different factors such as, verge loss due to road re-structuring and development, utility
works, nutrient run off from adjacent farmland and scrub invasion (on grassland sites)
due to lack of appropriate management.
3. Biodiversity on road verges
- Criteria for the designation of RNRs
About 70% of the designated RNRs are chalk grassland and the remaining sites are
ancient woodland edges, neutral and acid grassland and heathland.
 Ancient Woodland Edges
Ancient woodland is valuable as an irreplaceable resource, important for a range of
characteristic flora and fauna.
Taken from ‘Roadside Nature Reserves Description’, G Tysoe, Kent Wildlife
Trust. April 2007.
Roadside Nature Reserve: ‘SW02 – Perry Wood, Selling’
Management Recommendations
Roadside Nature Reserve (RNR) Management Recommendations: July 1997
Borough of Swale
1.
DESCRIPTION
Site ref. no:
Sw02
Site name:
Perry Wood, Selling
Grid ref:
TR 043 555 - 044 557
Survey date:
July 1996
Length of verge:
850m total: 425m east side of road
425m west side of road
Width of verge:
1 - 3m
Angle of slope:
Variable: level to 85
Adjacent land use:
Perry Wood (Swale Borough Council)
Brief site description:
Range of unusual and rare woodland species on
sand/clay soils through woodland. Most notable of these is the hawkweed Hieracium
virgultorum, which is nationally rare and is found at only one other site in Kent. Other
plants of interest include orpine, common cow-wheat, bird’s-foot, early dog violet,
wood sorrel, three-nerved sandwort, primrose and honeysuckle. The banks along the
roadside also support several species of moss, including the unusual Bartramia
pomifera, found at only two other sites in Kent. The banks are very fragile and have
been subject to considerable erosion by passing traffic over the years.
2.
MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
a) Grass cutting
The banks lying either side of the crossroads are almost vertical and support little
vegetation apart from mosses: these should remain uncut as at present.
Two cuts are suggested for the more vegetated, less steeply sloping banks north of the
crossroads (see map for location) and the timing of these is absolutely critical to allow
the important species to flower and set seed each year during the summer months. In
particular, the rare Hieracium virgultorum flowers late in the summer and
consequently an autumn cut is recommended
.
Timing:
Width:
Height:
EARLY CUT
April (early May at latest)
1m edge cut only
No lower than 4” standard
taking care not to scalp the soil
LATE CUT
Late September-October*
Full width of verge
No lower than 4” standard
taking care not to scalp the soil
* If a cut as late as this is not possible, it should be omitted and only the spring
cut undertaken.
1. Introduction to Perry Wood
Location
Perry Wood is located in the parishes of Selling and Chilham, near Faversham, Kent, partly
in the Borough of Swale and partly in the Borough of Ashford. The site is situated on the
northern boundary of the Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) close to
Faversham. Perry Wood covers two prominent hilltops, from which there are extensive views
over a large part of Kent across a landscape of arable farmland, orchards, hop-gardens and
woodland.
© Crown copyright. All rights reserved. Licence No:
AL100004919
Figure 1: Perry Wood. Map showing general site location (highlighted by pink circle).
Site Significance
 Perry Wood supports the following UK Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) habitats:
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Lowland Mixed Deciduous Woodland
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Lowland Heathland
 At a local level, the site supports the following Kent BAP habitats:
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Mixed Broadleaved Woodland and Plantations
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Lowland Heathland
 Perry Wood is situated within the Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty
(AONB). The site supports some of the important characteristic features of the wider
AONB, including ancient woodland, dramatic changes in topography, local important
historic features, tranquillity, a feeling of remoteness and superb views of nearby chalk
downs and woodland. However, the site is unique within the Kent Downs: it is influenced
by geological deposits of sand and silt overlying the more typical chalk of the North Downs
and supports a distinctive mosaic of habitats, including lowland wooded heathland, with a
wildlife community (including some uncommon species) that reflects this.
 Perry Wood is designated a Local Wildlife Site - SW47 ‘Perry Wood, near Selling’ - by the
Kent BAP Partnership for its wildlife value (see Appendix 1). In particular, the site
supports good fungi and bryophyte communities and a rich floral assemblage. (see
Appendix 2).
 Part of the site is also designated a Roadside Nature Reserve - SW02 ‘Perry Wood, Selling’
- (indicated on Map 2; see also Appendices 3 & 4), for the range of unusual and rare plant
species occurring on the sand and clay soils of this woodland edge. Most notable of these is
the hawkweed Hieracium virgultorum, which is nationally rare and found at only one other
site in Kent.
 Perry Wood is one of the most well-recorded sites in the country for invertebrates. It is
therefore rare in the respect that a fairly comprehensive list of this frequently underrecorded assemblage is held for the site and it is possible to build quite a clear picture of
how the site is used by this generally poorly understood group of species.
Biodiversity
Perry Wood is a 63 hectare ancient woodland complex, comprising areas of semi-natural
woodland vegetation, compartments of replanted sweet chestnut coppice, replanted conifers
and areas of more open wooded heath habitat.
The Local Wildlife Site Schedule describes the biodiversity of the site in more detail
(Appendix 2) and is summarised here ‘Perry Wood supports five species of nationally
vulnerable and endangererd hydnoid fungi, and over 70 bryophyte species including several
that are rare or endangered in Kent. Three county scarce flowering plan species also occur
within the site. The woodland avifauna is also of considerable interest, holding breeding
populations of two county rare and two BAP Priority bird species. The site is important for
invertebrates and is one of the intensively recorded woodlands in the country for this group’.
Geology and soils
The underlying geology of Perry Wood is complex. Although predominantly sitting on
London Clay over Upper Chalk, this is overlain by scattered deposits of Head and Head
Brickearth. These deposits are sand and silt derivatives of the marine Thanet Beds which lie
to the north. There is also a good deal of gravel capping the top of the slopes, also of
marine/fluvio-glacial origin.
The soils generally reflect the silty deposits. They are predominantly acidic, with richer,
deeper soils on lower ground at the northern and south-eastern ends of the site. There is a
predominance of gravel on some of the steeper slopes and where silts have been eroded or
washed away, relatively acidic conditions remain.
Former Uses and History
There is every reason to suppose that Perry Wood has been managed for many centuries to
provide woodland products, as has occurred in most woodlands throughout Kent. Much of
our ancient woodland has been extensively managed in the past, when wood was important
for a wide range of uses and a much more valuable commodity than at present.
Perry Wood also supports a number of historical features, including the site of at least one,
possibly two windmills, an old fort (possibly of Roman or earlier origin), a Napoleonic
signalling tower, an old sandpit and Mesolithic finds.
Amenity and Cultural Value
Perry Wood is an important site for the local community. It is a prominent feature in the local
landscape and a number of the local population would probably have found employment on
the site in the past. Today it is well-used by local visitors and those from further afield. The
site is crossed by a network of narrow roads and public rights of way and visitors enjoy a
range of activities, including walking, picnicking, wildlife-watching and recording, horseriding, cycling, running, photography, educational visits and more.
A Heritage Lottery funded project has enabled the local community to discover more about
Perry Wood, with a hands-on archaeological investigation, wildlife and art-related events.
Land Tenure
The majority of the site is owned and managed by Swale Borough Council’s Economic
Development and Cultural Services Unit; responsibility for the wood is part of the remit of
the newly formed Technical Services Unit. Perry Wood was purchased by Swale Borough
Council between 1976 and 1980. It was acquired with the intention of providing on-going
opportunities for recreation and enjoyment for the community in Swale, and to prevent the
site from being split up and sold off in small ‘leisure plots.’
At least one part of the wood regularly used by visitors is not within the ownership of Swale
Borough Council. The area in question is due north of the car park and includes the pond and
surrounding area.
3. Key Features and Opportunities
The main features of Perry Wood are identified on the accompanying maps at Figures 2-6.
They are evaluated below along with a discussion of key issues and opportunities. The main
habitats occurring at Perry Wood are illustrated at Figure 2.
3.1. Ancient Woodland
Much of Perry Wood is designated as Ancient Woodland (indicated in green hatching at
Figure 7 below. See also Figures 2 and 4).
Ancient Woodland can be defined as any area of woodland which is considered to have been
in existence since 1600AD. This consideration is based on information from old maps,
features that may be visible on the ground or from aerial photography (such as the shape of
the wood, internal banks and boundaries or other evidence of historic use) the name of the
wood, location, the number of Ancient Woodland Indicator species1 and information from
other specialist surveys.
1
Ancient woodland indicators (AWI) are those species of vascular plant which take a long time to colonise more recentlyestablished woodland. The higher the number of AWI species, the higher the probability that the wood is of ancient origin, and
the more biodiverse it is likely to be
© Crown Copyright. All rights reserved 100019238, 2009
Figure 7. Extent of Ancient Woodland at Perry Wood, from the Provisional Inventory of Ancient
Woodland in Kent (Natural England, 2005). From Kent Landscape Information System (KLIS), 2009.
Ancient woodland can be further split into two features:
 Ancient Woodland Sites are those that have had the natural cover replanted; for example
most sweet chestnut coppice would come under this heading, as would those areas
replanted with conifers such as Scot’s pine and larch. These sites are often referred to as
Plantation on Ancient Woodland Site (PAWS), especially those that have been
replanted with conifers. PAWS can still be valuable as they are likely to have preserved
much of the native ancient woodland ground flora in the soil seedbank and with
sympathetic management can be restored to support a significant proportion of ancient
woodland species.
 Ancient Semi-natural Woodland refers to those areas that have not been replanted and still
retain a native mix of trees and scrub cover. They may have been managed, for example
by coppicing, or felling followed by natural regeneration, and are rarely examples of the
‘ancient wildwood’ that is once thought to have covered much of the British Isles.
However, the long continuity of natural woodland cover means that ancient semi-natural
woodlands can be very valuable for the communities they support.
Ancient woodland is a very important habitat, as it cannot be replaced or recreated. In Kent,
the habitat is important for several UK Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Species such as
common dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius (which is also a European Protected Species).
It supports valuable groups of both vascular plants and bryophytes and is an important habitat
for bats and a wide variety of woodland birds and invertebrates.
The deadwood component of woodland, both standing and fallen, is a particularly important
feature. It supports a range of specialist species that are not found elsewhere, such as woodboring beetles and fungi. Standing deadwood is also valuable as providing a food source for
birds such as woodpeckers and nesting sites for several species of birds and bats. Fallen
deadwood is often used by reptiles and amphibians as shelter and basking sites.
The importance of ancient woodland in Kent is recognised by the fact that it is listed as a
priority habitat type within the Kent Biodiversity Action Plan and has its own Habitat Action
Plan (Anon, 2005). There are several objectives within the Habitat Action Plan that are
relevant to Perry Wood and which could be followed through in this management plan:
- Maintain the existing area of ancient semi-natural woodland;
- Increase the area of semi-natural woodland on ancient woodland sites by restoring
native-species cover in existing coniferous plantations;
- Develop management plans for ancient and semi-natural broadleaved woodlands that
are not in Sites of Special Scientific Interest
The ancient woodland at Perry Wood is varied, as can be seen at Figure 2. The site includes
areas of PAWS, replanted with conifers and sweet chestnut, and areas of more natural mixed
broadleaves which differ in composition and dominant species depending on the soils and
topography. These sub-habitats are discussed further below. The site supports a rich and
diverse ancient woodland ground flora, a very good assemblage of lower plants and several
notable species of invertebrates. The ancient woodland of Perry Wood is particularly
important as one of the best-studied sites in Kent for a range of species groups.
3.2. Mixed broadleaves (Ancient semi-natural woodland)
Within Perry Wood are some areas of mixed broadleaf woodland. These compartments
typically comprise a mix of oak, with relict sessile oak coppice occasional, holly, hazel, ash,
hornbeam, yew, occasionally rowan and whitebeam and scattered silver and downy birch and
sallows on damper soils. Oak, beech and sweet chestnut standards are occasional within
broadleaved areas. A rare hybrid whitebeam Sorbus aria x S. aucuparia has been recorded
from the upper slopes.
This habitat is likely to be continuous
with the remaining area of original
ancient semi-natural woodland and is
therefore the most valuable for wildlife as
it has the longest continuity of habitat.
A wet flush and stream are of particular
value as they support a different
assemblage of trees and ground flora,
including
opposite-leaved
golden
saxifrage Chrysosplenium oppositofolium
and are likely also to provide habitat for a
range of specialist invertebrates.
3.3. Beech dominated woodland
(Ancient semi-natural woodland)
There are stands dominated by beech
within the site; these are characteristic of
beech woodland and have a different
character to other areas of native
Figure 8. Rowan sapling growing in a cavity in an
broadleaf woodland, supporting very
old beech standard, Perry Wood, Selling. © L.
little ground flora or understorey in
Rule
comparison to woodland dominated by
species such as oak or ash. Beech dominated woodlands are a characteristic feature of the
North Downs and often individual trees are mature with features of veteran trees such as sap
runs,pools, standing deadwood, peeling bark, and saplings of other trees growing in them (see
Figure 8 right). They are important for a range of species, including bats, birds, invertebrates
and lower plants.
3.4. Secondary birch scrub woodland (Ancient semi-natural woodland)
Downy and silver birch are one of the first colonising tree species of woodland and are
dominating some areas of Perry Wood that have become open for various reasons, such as
storm events, or management works.
This secondary birch woodland is likely to be of value for the potential ancient woodland
communities that may be retained in the soil and seedbank. It also has some importance for
nesting birds and invertebrates, and potentially for mammals such as dormouse. The evenaged structure is currently limiting opportunities for these species however, and some
management, including removal and thinning, would enhance it for wildlife.
3.5. Sweet chestnut coppice (Ancient woodland site)
Sweet chestnut coppice makes up the largest area of habitat of Perry Wood. A species
thought to have been introduced to Britain by the Romans, sweet chestnut is less important
for wildlife than the native semi-natural woodland. However, it is long-established at Perry
Wood, and the fact that it occurs on an ancient woodland site means that it still has the
potential to support many species of ancient woodland.
The compartments dominated by sweet chestnut at Perry Wood were historically managed by
coppicing. Coppicing is a very old woodland management technique, used originally to
provide a continuous supply of wood. It exploits the ability that many broadleaved trees have
to throw up new shoots when cut back to ground level. This process can be repeated an
infinite number of times as a coppice stool develops in a roughly circular shape. The
particular advantage to wildlife is that coppicing would rotate around a woodland in a series
of compartments or coupes, each coupe being felled and then allowed to re-grow for a
number of years. Depending on the particular regime, this management method provides a
range of habitats from virtually open areas to almost complete and closed canopy. This
would have enabled individual species or communities to exploit their particular habitat
requirement leading to the development of a woodland rich in biodiversity.
Although initially maintained for economic reasons, coppicing is considered to be essential in
these traditionally managed woods if they are to continue to support the many species that are
adapted to them (including a wide range of flowering plants, fungi, insects, reptiles, birds,
bats and other mammals, particularly dormice). Where coppicing has ceased woods are
likely to develop eventually into high forest. Whilst high forest is a valuable habitat and may
be particularly beneficial for certain species, it is a general presumption that the correct
management of a historically coppice woodland is to continue or restore the coppice cycle
wherever possible. The sweet chestnut coppice at Perry Wood is considered to be of good
quality and is growing well (UPM Tilhill Forestry Ltd, Oct 2008). It is therefore considered
to be of greatest benefit to restore the coppice cycle to those areas of Perry Wood dominated
by sweet chestnut.
3.6. Plantation on Ancient Woodland Site (PAWS)
Some areas of the site have been replanted with conifers in the last fifty years, following the
drive to increase the proportions of home-grown timber after the Second World War.
Conifers such as Scot’s and Corsican pine and Douglas fir are not native to the south-east of
England and they support fewer species than the native broadleaf woodland. Species recolonisation is unlikely to have reached the potential that may be expected had this habitat
been established for centuries. Conifer needles take a long time to decompose compared to
the leaves from native broadleaf trees and create a thick thatch that suppresses ground
vegetation and natural regeneration. This also tends to increase the acidity of the soil, further
affecting ground flora and soil organism communities. As uniform plantations, they also lack
the structural diversity, especially in age and height, present in native woodland, limiting
opportunities for other wildlife, particularly invertebrates, mammals and nesting birds. Being
evergreen, conifers also tend to stand out in the landscape, particularly at a site such as Perry
Wood - a large part of which can therefore be seen from a long distance, situated as it is over
two high hilltops.
However, the conifer plantation areas at Perry Wood are on an ancient woodland site and
therefore they may still support some of the original woodland flora and shrub species, with
others potentially still present in the seedbank. There are also a few species that will use and
even prefer areas of conifer, particularly birds such as siskin, coal tit, crossbill and goldcrest.
Some people particularly appreciate and enjoy the atmosphere present in a conifer plantation.
Especially in the historic Sandpit area at Perry Wood, the conifers give the wood an almost
cathedral-like air of calm and quietness.
One of the objectives stated in the Kent Habitat Action Plan for Ancient Woodland is to:
- Increase the area of semi-natural woodland on ancient woodland sites by restoring
native-species cover in existing coniferous plantations
Management of Perry Wood should therefore include a target to restore at least some areas of
conifer to more natural broadleaf woodland through gradual thinning and removal,
encouraging the natural regeneration of native tree and shrub species over the next 10-15
years.
However, some areas, away from important ground flora communities, could remain as
conifer for people’s enjoyment and education, and to support those few specialist species that
have a preference for conifer. For example, potentially the conifers in the Old Sandpit area
could be retained; these have a lesser impact on the landscape of Perry Wood being in the dip
of the Sandpit, and as the Sandpit has historically been an area of disturbance there is also
less likely to be any relict ancient woodland ground flora community. Management of any
retained conifer areas should focus on thinning and encouraging natural regeneration of
saplings to enhance structural diversity.
3.7. Rides and glades
Areas of light and warmth are very important within a woodland. Rides and glades, where
competition with the tree canopy for light is reduced, provide sheltered, warm, sunny habitats
to support a diverse range of plants, invertebrates such as butterflies and bees, birds, bats and
reptiles including common lizard, grass snake and slow-worm. A Forestry Commission guide
to woodland management states that: “a greater number of species inhabit the first 10m of
any woodland or ride edge, than inhabit the remainder of the woodland” (Forestry
Commission, 2005). The rides at Perry Wood support some scarce plants including
subterranean clover Trifolium subterraneum: this species requires wide, sunny, open rides
(Badmin, 2009).
In the past, woodlands in Kent were often very well-managed and busy places within the
rural community, providing resources of wood for all sorts of uses. Rides were important for
access and helped to mark boundaries (especially when adjacent to a woodbank and/or ditch).
They provided routes through the woodland from the surrounding countryside and ‘green
lanes’ are often a feature of woodland on the slopes of the North Downs. Glades were also
historic features of woodland, providing areas for focussing activity (e.g. charcoal burning
sites) and storing wood. On some sites, they may also have been used for the occasional of
grazing of animals, especially the working heavy horses that would have been used to help
move the timber. Today, rides are still important for providing access in and out of the wood
and facilitating management. Rides and glades are also important areas for public access and
enjoyment of woodland habitats; glades can provide focal points for interpretation, increasing
enjoyment of a visit to the site through improving understanding of management and key
features. They can also focus public use to particular areas, allowing other parts of the wood
to remain relatively undisturbed.
An ideal ride or glade has between three and four vegetation zones, from short grassland to
tall herbs and bramble and more scrubby vegetation (see Figure 9 below). A ride should have
‘scallops’ cut in to it to provide sheltered pockets, wider areas of light and to maximise the
amount of available ‘woodland edge’ habitat (see Figure 10 below). Scallops could also
potentially provide space for storing wood in the short term when coppicing, although ideally
some scallops would be left undisturbed. ‘Pinch points’ should also be a feature of rides to
reduce windthrow and ensure accessibility to aboreal species, such as common dormouse.
Pinch points can also be used to help to deter less desirable visitors, for example those who
might try to use the wood illegally for motorised vehicles. Ideally, rides and glades should be,
on average, as wide as at least 1.5 times the height of the trees, to maximise the amount of
sunlight reaching the ground for plants and invertebrates. Path junctions are ideal locations
for creating wide, sunny glades.
The creation and/or restoration of a few rides and glades through Perry Wood should be a
priority for management at this well-used, community woodland, to enhance and focus
legitimate public access, provide habitat for a range of flora and fauna and better facilitate
management works, such as coppicing. Particular consideration should be given to the
management of those roadsides that have been designated a Roadside Nature Reserve (see
Figure 3), with attention given to the reasons for designation and management
recommendations (attached at Appendix 4).
Figure 9. Illustration indicates a woodland ride with three zones of management, enhancing
the habitat for wildlife. From ‘Guide to managing woodland rides and glades for wildlife’
Forestry Commission South East England Conservancy, 2005
Figure 10. Illustration indicates a woodland ride with scallops, to enhance the habitat for
wildlife. From ‘Guide to managing woodland rides and glades for wildlife’ Forestry
Commission South East England Conservancy, 2005
3.8. Flora and Fauna
Perry Wood is designated a Local Wildlife Site for its value for wildlife at a county level
(SW47 ‘Perry Wood, near Selling’). The rationale for designation as stated in the Local
Wildlife Site schedule is that “this block of ancient woodland supports five species of
nationally vulnerable and endangered hydnoid fungi, and over 70 bryophyte species,
including several species that are rare or endangered in Kent. Three county scarce flowering
plant species also occur within the site. The woodland avifauna is also of considerable
interest holding breeding populations of two county rare and two BAP Priority bird species.
The site is also important for invertebrates and is one of the most intensively recorded
woodlands in the country.” (Kent Wildlife Trust, 2007). Further detail can be seen at the
LWS schedule attached at Appendix 2.
The site supports a good number of ancient
woodland indicators (AWI). Bird’s-nest orchid,
twayblade, common spotted orchid, early purple
orchid, butcher’s broom and a range of more
common species have all been recorded from the
site, as well a large population of wild daffodil
which is considered possibly one of the most
important colonies in Kent. An interesting species
of note is hard fern, which occurs occasionally;
this species is usually more characteristic at sites
Figure 11. Subterranean clover
on the Wealden clay. Rhododendron (see Figure
Trifolium
subterraneum is found along
16) covers a significant part of the understorey of
some of the rides at Perry Wood. © R
Perry Wood; this invasive non-native species is
Moyse.
discussed in further detail at section 4.4. Other
notable species present include an uncommon hawkweed
Hieracium virgultorum, which has been recorded from
roadsides within Perry Wood. Some of the Roadsides
have been designated a Roadside Nature Reserve (RNR)
by Kent Wildlife Trust for the woodland flora they
support (see Figure 3 and Appendix 4).
Figure 12. Early purple orchid
Orchis mascula – an AWI
species occurring at Perry
Wood. © L. Rule
Figure 13. Brimstone moth
Opisthograptis luteolata a Common macro-moth
recorded from Perry Wood.
© KWT
Figure 14. Old Lady moth
Mormo maura - a Local
macro-moth recorded from
Perry Wood. © KWT
More than 350 species of macro-moth have been recorded, including several Nationally
Notable B species2, such as the unique fungus-feeding waved black Parascotia fuliginosa
(Badmin, 2009). The site is considered the 10th most biodiverse of 200 recording sites on the
Williams’ Index of Diversity (Badmin, 2009). Perry Wood is thought to support a nationally
important population of the micro-moth Lampronia flavimitrella. Around 250 species of fly
have been recorded and an extoparasitoid of spiders Polsphincta nielseni was recorded as a
species new to the UK and only known from seven other locations world-wide (Badmin,
1987)
The species Strophingia ericae, a plant bug which feeds exclusively on heather, has been
recorded at low density from the site (Badmin, 2009). This possibly indicates that heather
was a more common feature at the site at one time. Green tiger beetle Cicindella campestris
is an interesting species recorded from the site. Although this is a reasonably widespread
species, it is usually associated with open sunny sites with bare ground, little vegetation and
well-draining soils, such as sandy heaths and hillsides. It may be that its presence at the site is
due to the historically open character of areas of the site such as the Mount.
2
Nationally Notable (B) – species occurring in fewer than 100 10km squares
Figure 15. Green Tiger Beetle Cicindella
campestris, photographed at Perry
Wood. © L. Rule
Figure 16. Rhododendron
dominating ground flora at
Perry Wood. © L. Rule
3.9. European Protected Species
There are several species protected by EU legislation that occur or are likely to occur at Perry
Wood. The site has a high potential to support bats. There are 17 species of bats in the UK,
13 of which occur in Kent. All bat species will use trees and woodland, although some
species have greater woodland specialisation than others and many species also need open
spaces, such as glades, rides, grazed fields, heathland and ponds, for feeding. All British bats
and the sites they use for roosting, breeding or hibernation are protected by European and UK
legislation from damage and disturbance. Consideration must therefore be given to the
potential presence of bats when carrying out management works to trees.
Perry Wood is also very likely to support common (or hazel) dormouse Muscardinus
avellanarius. This rodent is nocturnal and generally aboreal, except during the winter when it
hibernates on the ground under leaf litter and tree roots. During the rest of the year it tends to
stay in the mid-layer of a wood – the understorey and lower branches of trees, and will also
utilise mid-rotation coppice, creating a nest woven of honeysuckle in which to live during the
summer and rear its young. Dormice eat insects, pollen, flowers and fruit and requires a good
mix of plant and tree species to provide food throughout the year. Bramble, hazel and
honeysuckle are key species; bramble as it provides flowers and fruit food over a long period
of the year, honeysuckle for making nests, and hazel provides flowers and supports a number
of insects, as well as providing good habitat enabling dormice to move around in the
woodland, avoiding predators and searching for food. Dormice and their resting and breeding
sites are protected from disturbance and harm by European and UK legislation. Consideration
must therefore be given to the potential presence of dormice when carrying out management
works to trees and scrub.
3.10. Windmill Hill and The Mount
Windmill Hill to the west and The Mount to the south are both currently quite open areas on
the top and slopes of the two hills of Perry Wood. Both areas are thought to have suffered
severe damage to their tree cover from the 1987 storm and were subsequently replanted with
a good mix of conifers and native broadleaves. However, especially on the Mount, the tree
cover remains low and scrubby in character, and both areas are dominated by dense bracken
cover. The bracken is currently effectively suppressing any ground flora and natural
regeneration (although there appears to be a small proportion of Scot’s pine regeneration in
some parts of the Mount).
It is almost certain that historically these areas were both much more open, with little tree
cover and clearer views to the surrounding landscape. The western Windmill Hill is the site
of at least one windmill, a signalling tower and an historic fort, and was almost certainly
much more open at the time these structures were in use and possibly for quite extensive
periods. A windmill is thought to have been present from at least 1600 until the early 20th
century and it is very likely that this area would have been fairly open throughout this time. It
is also interesting to note the small remnant heather population present along a path up the
south side of Windmill Hill. Past evidence (Wilson, 1911) implies that this species may once
have been much more widespread and locally dominant in some areas of Perry Wood. The
species Strophingia ericae, a plant bug which feeds exclusively on heather has been recorded
at low density from the site (Badmin, 2009), providing further indication that heather was
once more common at Perry Wood.
It is interesting that the Mount is the only area within the Perry Wood site that is not recorded
as ancient woodland on the Provisional Inventory of Ancient Woodland in Kent (as indicated
at Figures 4 and 7). As previously discussed in section 3.1, ancient woodland is a term used
to describe an area which has been continuously woodland since at least the 16th Century and
is based on the earliest maps which were produced at this time. As the Mount is not included
this could suggest that this area was historically open heath/grassland rather than woodland.
There are also tales of peat being cut from the Mount area of Perry Wood by local people for
fuel (Mid Kent Downs Countryside Partnership, see Appendix 6)
< Figure 17. View looking
south-west from the top of
Windmill Hill, Perry Wood. ©
L. Rule
> Figure 18. View across the
Mount looking east towards
Canterbury. © L. Rule
Figure 19. Heather growing along path up Windmill
Hill. © L. Rule
It is therefore very likely that that Windmill Hill and the area known as the Mount, were once
managed as open wooded heath, grazed by animals such as cattle and/or sheep and the
working horses that would have been used in the wood and by the miller and workers to carry
mill products down the hill to the local markets.
Lowland heathland is a particularly uncommon and important habitat in the south-east of
England and across the country. In Kent, it is now confined to only a few places although
historically it was once more widespread. Heathland supports a characteristic flora and fauna,
including heathers such as ling, and birds like the nightjar and as a consequence of habitat
loss, many of these species are also now scarce or rare. Lowland heathland is listed as a
priority habitat type within the Kent Biodiversity Action Plan and has its own Habitat Action
Plan (Anon, 2005). Several objectives within the Habitat Action Plan are relevant to Perry
Wood and could be followed through in this management plan:
- Significantly increase the extent of heathland
- Secure the appropriate conservation management of all existing and
restored/recreated heathland
It can be argued that the areas along the south-eastern slope of Windmill Hill and much of the
Mount should be restored to wooded heath. This would:
 support threatened and declining heathland wildlife,
 maintain more open landscape views to the surrounding countryside,
 restore local cultural heritage and historic management practices to the site,
 re-animate the local landscape,
 provide opportunities for public education, increasing awareness and an understanding of
historic features at Perry Wood, the surrounding countryside and the position of the site
within it, past management at the site, and re-connecting lost links between livestock
farming, wildlife and the landscape.
The ideal management to maintain lowland heathland and the characteristic flora and fauna
communities, is through grazing. This is how the habitat was developed and maintained
historically, and wildlife has adapted to the conditions created through grazing. Grazing, by
it’s nature, is patchy and creates a diverse vegetation structure, providing niches for a wide
range of species. Grazing can allow finer, less dominating plants to compete with those that
are more robust, thus encouraging a greater degree of species-richness. Small-scale trampling
by livestock helps to break up mats of litter and bracken stands. It also creates small patches
of bare ground which are essential for germination of many plants including heather,
important for a range of invertebrates and used by basking reptiles (English Nature, 1998).
While mechanical means can be used to keep back scrub and maintain an open area on
heathland, this method (as well as being a big job on an area as large as this) would not
provide the conditions to support many of the species of heathland.
However, the high value of the site as an open recreational space for local people must also
be recognised and any proposal for the re-introduction of grazing would need to take this into
account. Grazing should be introduced gradually and good interpretation would be needed to
inform visitors to the site of the presence and reasons for livestock grazing. It is suggested
that the livestock used should be cattle, a breed such as Highland cattle would be ideal; these
are a traditional hardy breed with a laid-back and placid temperament that normally will not
be bothered by, or cause any problems to, dogs or people. Highland cattle have been
successfully reintroduced to Stelling Minnis Common in Kent, which has a high use for
recreation by the local community, including dog-walkers. Other well-used public sites where
livestock have been successfully reintroduced include Charing Fen, Kent (Dexter cattle) and
Coulsdon & West Wickham Commons (Sussex cattle and mixed breed sheep flock).
It should be an aim of management in these areas to confine bracken mainly to scrub edges,
with occasional discrete clumps in more open areas. The use of chemicals such as ‘Asulox’
are very effective at controlling bracken whilst having a minimal affect on other vegetation;
however, mechanical control through repeated cutting can also be very beneficial and has less
impact on other flora and fauna. Bracken should be cut twice each season, approximately in
mid-June when the bracken is 50-75 cms high and then again six weeks later. If only one cut
is possible, it should be in late July. Cutting will need to be repeated if the bracken shows
signs of recovery.
3.11. Historic features
There are a number of features at Perry Wood that are of local heritage interest and a survey
is currently being carried out by the Trust for Thanet Archaeology to determine greater detail
about the sites’ historic importance. Figure 4 indicates the main historic features present at
the site.
The situation of the site with two high points overlooking the surrounding countryside,
between the North Downs and the Swale estuary, would have made it a key defence site
throughout history, particularly at times of conflict - it is possible to see across to the Swale
from Windmill Hill (G. Beaumont, pers. comm., 2009) and a local writer has suggested that
from this point it is possible to see as far as North Foreland (Mid Kent Downs Countryside
Partnership, Appendix 6). It is believed that there are the remains of a fort at the top of the
north slope of Windmill Hill (the western peak), possibly dating from the pre-Roman era.
It is thought that there were two windmills present at different times and in slightly different
positions on Windmill Hill; there were also a row of cottages in the same area, probably for
the mill workers. A photo in the nearby Rose and Crown PH at the bottom of Windmill Hill
shows one of the windmills still present at the turn of the 20th century. When this mill fell
down a few years later it was thought to have been one of the oldest mills in the country,
dating back to at least 1596 (Mid Kent Downs Countryside Partnership, Appendix 6). A
signalling, or semaphore, tower was also located at Perry Wood in the 1700s. This was one in
a chain linking London and the Channel Ports at the time of the Napoleonic wars. It is
possible that this is what is meant by the second ‘windmill,’ although some accounts place
the signalling tower at the end of the Mount where the ‘Pulpit’ now stands (UPM Tilhill Ltd.,
2009 (sect. 4.7.1)).
Throughout much of its history, this site must have been far more open with very little tree
cover –i.e. during the construction and occupation of the defensive earthwork (c. 2000 years
ago), while a windmill was in use here (c. 500 – 150 years ago), when a signalling tower was
built (c. 300 years ago), and in fact, within living memory pre-1950 (Mr Higgs, pers. comm.,
July 2009).
A large, historic sandpit is also located in the Windmill Hill area of Perry Wood, on the
north-eastern side. The Sandpit is marked on historic maps – it is indicated on the 2nd edition
OS Landmark series 1898-1900 as an ‘Old Sandpit,’ so the area had obviously been worked
well before this time. The Sandpit is of value for its geology as well as heritage interest. It
was planted up with Scot’s pine in the later half of the 20th century and is now dominated by
these trees, with very little other vegetation; ground sorrel and a small amount of bracken
were the main species noted at the time of survey. This lack of other vegetation in the Sandpit
is likely to be an effect of the pine needles, which increase the acidity of the soil as they break
down and create a thick thatch suppressing flora, probably exacerbated by the use of the
Sandpit by visitors with mountain bikes and remote-controlled toys trampling vegetation and
causing localised erosion of the light soils.
The southern end of Perry Wood is also a high point. Known as the Mount, it is apparently
where an historic landowner used to stand and survey the rest of his estate below. A wooden
‘pulpit’ has apparently been located at the southern-most end of the hilltop since at least the
1800s – the current structure was erected in the last 20 years, (G. Beaumont, pers. comm.,
2009). Extensive views across the surrounding landscape can be seen from this vantage point,
although they are beginning to be hidden behind trees, planted after the 1987 storm. There are
also tales of local people cutting peat from this area for fuel and it is therefore very likely that
this area was historically far more open and heathy than is currently the case.
The area now used as a carpark has been a local meeting place for at least 100 years. It was
also known as the ‘Drawing room’ or the ‘Bandstand’; the latter name can be explained as the
Salvation Army Band used to come and play here. Why it was called the ‘Drawing Room’
currently remains a mystery to be solved! (Mid Kent Downs Countryside Partnership,
Appendix 6).
It has already been mentioned above that Perry Wood is recorded as an ancient woodland site
on the Provisional Inventory of Ancient Woodland (Natural England, 2005). Ancient
woodland is an irreplaceable historic and cultural resource as well as valuable wildlife
habitat, providing a link to the local people, management and industries of the past and often
retains archaeological features, as well as supporting species that take time or find it difficult
to establish in more recent habitats.
3.12. Geology and soils
Although Perry Wood is situated within the Kent Downs AONB, the underlying solid
geology of the site is predominantly London Clay over the Upper Chalk. In places this is
overlain by scattered deposits of Head and Head Brickearth (sand and silt derivatives of the
marine Thanet Beds to the north) with further deposits of gravels of marine/fluvio-glacial
origins overlaying the top of slopes.
The soils reflect the sandy and silty deposits and are very thin and eroded in places,
especially along paths, largely due to visitor pressure. The main soil types at the site, as
indicated on the Digital National Soil Map of England and Wales, are freely draining slightly
acid loamy soils (NSRI, 2001). On the steeper slopes, silt and organic matter has been
washed away leaving predominantly gravels and relatively poor, acid soil conditions.
This rather variable geology supports a mosaic of
different plant and animal communities
indicating differences in soil conditions, with
richer soils in the valley bottoms marked by
denser tree cover and species such as hornbeam.
The introduction of conifers in some areas of the
site is likely to be gradually increasing the
acidity of the soil in these locations. The hilltops
with their thin and acidic soils have the potential
to support an assemblage of species
characteristic of lowland heathland; indeed there
is other evidence (see above) that this habitat
was historically a feature over the hilltops of the
site.
Areas of the site that have suffered some erosion,
for example some of the paths and particularly in
the Old Sandpit (see Figure 20), expose stratified
geology and soil layers. They are of high value
providing opportunities for further expert
analysis and detailed interpretation. This can be Figure 20. Exposure of geology in the Old
Sandpit. © L. Rule
then used to inform and educate visitors,
generating interest in the geology of Perry Wood
and how this has helped to shape the site.
However, steps should be taken to reduce further erosion; this may require path maintenance
works, such as creation of steps and boardwalks, trying to reduce visitor pressure in certain
parts of the site or discouraging inappropriate use of the site in particular areas.
3.13. Local Community
The site is an important feature of the local landscape and historically would probably have
been important for the employment of a number of local people, either directly or indirectly.
For example, people may have had jobs working at the windmill, or for the estate owner, or
as charcoal burners, or woodsmen. Perry Wood would probably also have been used, as it is
now, for quiet recreational activities. Today the local community, as well as visitors from
further afield, visit the site to go walking, picnicking, dog-walking, horse-riding and wildlifewatching and recording. The site is crossed by a network of narrow lanes and public rights of
way.
The importance of local open greenspace to the health and wellbeing of people has recently
been recognised (Tabbush & O’Brien, 2003). Woodlands in particular have been recognised
as offering focal places for community action and being important for local identity, as well
as providing people with a space to exercise outdoors or just to experience fresh air and the
countryside.
Perry Wood, as a reasonably sized site with many varying features of interest, has the
potential to provide an interesting and extremely valuable resource to the local community
Key Issues and Constraints to Management
Perry Wood is a unique area of semi-natural ancient woodland. The site supports a diverse
mosaic of habitats and a rich biodiversity, reflecting the soils, geology, topography and past
management of the site. A great deal of local heritage interest features occur in the wood,
reflecting the long history of the site and its historic importance in the local community. The
site has an extensive public rights of way network (see Figure 5) and is well used by local
visitors and those from further afield.
Such a diverse and well-used site has potential for conflict, over management for different
features, and between different groups using the wood (for example, between walkers and
cyclists).
4.1. Access
There is a good network of public rights of way – both footpaths and bridleways – running
through Perry Wood. There are also a number of unofficial paths (see Figure 5). A separate,
detailed, Access and Interpretation plan is being developed by the Mid Kent Downs
Countryside Partnership, following outcomes of archaeological research work carried out by
the Trust for Thanet Archaeology: specific recommendations from this plan will be included
in this management strategy.
A key opportunity would be to widen one or two of the main bridleways through the
woodland (see also discussion under section 3.7 Rides and Glades above) to provide habitat
for a wide range of woodland wildlife.
Erosion of paths is an important issue, especially on the steeper slopes. Management works
should be planned to avoid increased pressure on certain areas, and trends in visitor pressure
and erosion of footpaths should be monitored to avoid any future problems.
Work under other objectives , such as thinning and coppicing to open up landscape views,
may reduce the concentration of visitor pressure to a few points, thus reducing erosion.
However, equally it should be ensured that work under other objectives - for example.
fencing for heathland restoration – does not exacerbate erosion by concentrating visitors to a
small area.
The site should be checked regularly for potential hazards along the public rights of way,
particularly inspecting for potentially hazardous trees.
There are some fine views over the surrounding landscape from Perry Wood; at some points
most of east Kent can be seen (see Figures 17 and 18). However, these views are generally
gradually disappearing as tree cover matures (much of this planted after the 1987 storm).
Some clearance (coppicing and/or thinning) is required at focal points, in particular at ‘the
Pulpit’ on the Mount, to enable visitors’ better access to these significant views.
The significant value of the site as an open green space for the local community, and the
site’s high importance for heathland wildlife are two key features that will have to be
reconciled.
4.2. European Protected Species
The presence of species (bats and dormice) protected under EU law and the UK Habitats
Regulations 1994 (as amended 2007) will also act as a constraint to management.
Consideration must be given to the possible presence of these species and management
operations must be carried out in a way that avoids affecting species individuals and the
places of rest and breeding sites if that is possible. If not, a licence must be applied for to
carry out an activity that would otherwise be unlawful.
Various organisations, such as Natural England and the Forestry Commission have produced
some guidance notes, which have been attached at Appendix 7. Site managers should
familiarise themselves with these guidance notes and those (which may be more up to date)
on relevant websites, such as http://www.defra.gov.uk/wildlife-countryside/ewd/habitatsqa1.htm
and
http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/conservation/wildlife-managementlicensing/habsregs.htm in order to ensure that all work is undertaken in accordance with
these, and future, guidelines. Discussions should take place with Natural England, Defra or
the Forestry Commission if there are any concerns as to whether specific management works
may require a licence.
4.3. Rhododendron
Rhododendron is present over large areas of Perry Wood. This is a non-native species and is
very invasive through the understorey of woodland (see Figure 16 above). It smothers native
ground flora, shrubs and trees and inhibits seeds and microrganisms in the soil beneath its
canopy, considerably reducing the wildlife value of the area. Little native fauna and few
diseases are adapted to rhododendron.
A programme of works should therefore be targeted at removing rhododendron from the site
as far as possible.
Perry Wood, Selling
FIGURE 2
Main Habitats at Perry Wood
(after UPM Tilhill Forestry Ltd., 2008:
compartments map)
Sweet chestnut coppice (Ancient
replanted woodland)
Conifer plantation (mostly Scot’s
pine) (Ancient replanted woodland
or PAWS)
Mixed broadleaves (Ancient seminatural woodland)
Failed plantation / wood pasture /
wooded heath
Birch (Ancient semi-natural woodland)
Beech (Ancient semi-natural woodland)
Extensive rhododendron colonisation
This introduced non-native species is very
invasive and suppresses native ground flora,
reducing biodiversity
Stream/wet area
Private landowner
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Perry Wood, Selling
FIGURE 6
Overview of Main Site Features
Roadside Nature Reserve SW02 +
proposed extension (dashed line)
Site is designated Local Wildlife Site SW47, and
identified as Ancient Woodland (latter excluding
area known as The Mount)
Site of possible Mesolithic
roundbarrow
Heather records on path
Main car park (Also known colloquially
as the ‘Drawing Room’ and the
‘Bandstand’)
Large holes subsiding woodland
floor - possibly deneholes?
Historic sandpits
Stream and boggy area
Suggested site of fort
‘Windmill Hill’ - site of windmill
Green tiger beetle Cicindela campestris
record
Possible site of semaphore signalling tower
Sweet chestnut coppice
(Ancient replanted woodland)
Rose & Crown PH
Conifer plantation (mostly
Scot’s pine) (PAWS)
Mixed broadleaves (Ancient
semi-natural woodland)
Failed plantation / wood
pasture/ wooded heath
The Mount: ‘Pulpit’
Birch (Ancient semi-natural
woodland
The Mount: feature marked
on OS 1929-52 map
Ecological records of especial
interest
Stream/wet area
Beech (Ancient seminatural woodland)
Extensive rhododendron
colonisation
Public Bridleway
Public Footpath
Unofficial paths
Road
Private landowner
Other feature of interest
Perry Wood, Selling
Suggested site of fort - possibly Roman;
maybe earlier as hilltop situation. If there
were no trees to north-east, it has been
suggested that it would be possible to
see across to the Swale Estuary
FIGURE 4
Historic Features at Perry
Wood
Car Park - the ‘Drawing Room’ or ‘Bandstand’
Historic
sandpits
Possible site of Mesolithic roundbarrow.
There is evidence of use by Mesolithic
peoples at two places in Perry Wood,
where a number of flint tools have been
found at sites near to permanent springs
Windmill - site marked on
OS 1897-1900 map.
Windmill thought to date
from late 16th century.
Local anecdote suggests
associated cottages also
in this area
Large holes subsiding
woodland floor - deneholes?
The Mount: feature marked
on OS 1929-52 map - ?
Possibly site of semaphore signalling tower
in the 18th century during Napoleonic Wars
Ancient Woodland (from ‘Provisional
Ancient Woodland Inventory of Kent’
Forestry Commission./Natural England)
Rose & Crown PH; dates from around 1800
Road
The Mount: ‘Pulpit’
Private landowner
Other feature of interest
Perry Wood, Selling
Roadside Nature Reserve SW02. Designated by
Kent Road Verge Project (KWT, KCC, Kent Highways) for diverse ancient woodland flora, including
a rare species hawkweed and uncommon moss
FIGURE 3
Main Ecological Features
at Perry Wood
Green tiger beetle Cicindela
campestris records, a species
usually associated with open
sunny sites with bare ground,
such as sandy heaths
Site is designated Local Wildlife Site SW47, and
identified as Ancient Woodland (latter excluding
area known as The Mount)
Rhododendron - this introduced non-native species is very invasive and suppresses native ground
flora, reducing the biodiversity of the wood
Heather records on path evidence suggests that heath
was more extensive historically
Large open area. 1987 storm felled
most of the trees in this area - a mix
of native broadleaves was replanted,
but much of this has failed, or not
taken strongly. Area is now very
dominated by bracken, which is creating a deep thatch & smothering any
other herbs. However, Scot’s pine is
regenerating well in patches. This
area has potential for restoration to
more open wooded pasture/heath
Open area along side of ‘Windmill Hill’, below the
point thought to be site of windmill and fort. Mixed
broadleaves & pines replanted after the 1987 storm
have not taken that well, so area remains quite open to
extensive landscape views (see photo). Heather remains along the path (see above) and a bug which
feeds solely on heather has been recorded, suggesting
that this area was more open wooded heath habitat at
one time. At the time of the windmill, the area must
have been more open at least in part. This area has high
potential for restoration to wooded heath
P..A.W.S. - Plantation on Ancient
Woodland Site. Planting with conifers
not native to this area of the country.
Support some species such as goldcrest, coal tit, & crossbill; but
wooldand flora, such as bluebells,
suppressed by buildup of thick acidic
pine needle layer
Sweet chestnut coppice
(Ancient replanted woodland)
Beech (Ancient seminatural woodland)
Conifer plantation (mostly
Scot’s pine) (PAWS)
Extensive rhododendron colonisation
Mixed broadleaves (Ancient
semi-natural woodland)
Private landowner
Failed plantation / wood
pasture/ wooded heath
Ecological records of
especial interest
Birch (Ancient semi-natural
woodland
Stream/wet area
FID
1,051
1,115
1,977
1,978
2,269
2,882
2,896
GRIDSQUARE
TR0455
TR0454
TR0455
TR0455
TR0455
TR0555
TR0555
GRIDREFERE
TR0411455234
TR045549
TR044552
TR044552
TR044552
TR050557
TR050557
COMMONNAM
Pipistrellus (45 or 55kHz) species
Serotine Bat
Pipistrellus (45 or 55kHz) species
Long-Eared Bat Brown
Pipistrelle Bat (45kHz)
RECORDTY
Flying Bat
Flying Bat Feeding
Roost (unknown type
Roost (unknown type
Roost (unknown type
Maternity Roost
Roost (unknown type
FID
12,229
12,274
30,718
30,719
43,474
101,353
142,932
146,511
150,374
162,267
163,465
190,380
192,148
203,983
204,187
205,296
207,092
207,672
207,920
208,747
209,236
209,699
210,631
210,729
216,398
219,273
222,614
224,009
224,835
226,988
227,450
227,567
227,607
231,402
231,795
238,409
238,624
249,863
256,597
257,399
266,284
267,237
268,519
Name
Honey Buzzard
Red Kite
Nightjar
Nightjar
Cetti's Warbler
Spotted Flycatcher
Stock Dove
Green Woodpecker
Swallow
Spotted Flycatcher
Long-tailed Tit
Red Kite
Hobby
Stock Dove
Stock Dove
Turtle Dove
Green Woodpecker
Green Woodpecker
Green Woodpecker
Great Spotted Woodpecker
Great Spotted Woodpecker
Skylark
Skylark
Skylark
Dunnock
Song Thrush
Redwing
Redwing
Redwing
Redwing
Redwing
Redwing
Redwing
Redwing
Redwing
Redwing
Redwing
Redwing
Redwing
Redwing
Redwing
Redwing
Redwing
Species
Pernis apivorus
Milvus milvus
Caprimulgus europaeus
Caprimulgus europaeus
Cettia cetti
Muscicapa striata
Columba oenas
Picus viridis
Hirundo rustica
Muscicapa striata
Aegithalos caudatus
Milvus milvus
Falco subbuteo
Columba oenas
Columba oenas
Streptopelia turtur
Picus viridis
Picus viridis
Picus viridis
Dendrocopus major
Dendrocopus major
Alauda arvensis
Alauda arvensis
Alauda arvensis
Prunella modularis
Turdus philomelos
Turdus iliacus
Turdus iliacus
Turdus iliacus
Turdus iliacus
Turdus iliacus
Turdus iliacus
Turdus iliacus
Turdus iliacus
Turdus iliacus
Turdus iliacus
Turdus iliacus
Turdus iliacus
Turdus iliacus
Turdus iliacus
Turdus iliacus
Turdus iliacus
Turdus iliacus
Site
Chilham
Chilham
Perry Wood (near Selling)
Conduit Wood (Shottenden)
Shottenden
Shottenden
Woodlands Wood (Ileden)
FID
61
198
2,267
2,323
2,369
3,115
3,123
3,156
3,829
4,087
4,088
4,090
4,091
4,195
4,196
4,338
5,213
5,611
6,039
6,245
6,247
6,248
6,249
6,250
6,251
6,252
6,253
6,254
6,255
7,011
8,880
9,719
9,856
9,857
9,858
12,297
12,298
12,299
12,300
12,301
12,302
12,303
12,304
12,305
12,306
12,307
12,308
12,309
12,310
Latin_Name
Zootoca vivipara
Zootoca vivipara
Lacerta vivipara
Rana temporaria
Leucobryum glaucum
Hyacinthoides non-scripta
Ruscus aculeatus
Triturus cristatus
Hydnellum concrescens
Hydnellum spongiosipes
Hericium erinaceum
Leucobryum glaucum
Phellodon niger
Leucobryum glaucum
Hericium erinaceum
Plecotus auritus
Erinaceus europaeus
Hoplodrina blanda
Spilosoma luteum
Xanthia icteritia
Xanthorhoe ferrugata
Eulithis mellinata
Allophyes oxyacanthae
Chesias legatella
Orthosia gracilis
Scotopteryx chenopodiata
Brachionycha sphinx
Zootoca vivipara
Rana temporaria
Ruscus aculeatus
Caradrina morpheus
Melanthia procellata
Spilosoma lubricipeda
Spilosoma luteum
Hemistola chrysoprasaria
Caradrina morpheus
Common_Nam
Common Lizard
Common Lizard
Viviparous Lizard
Common Frog
Large White-moss
Bluebell
Butcher's-Broom
Bluebell
Great Crested Newt
Tooth fungus
Velvet Tooth
Bearded Tooth
Large White-moss
Velvet Tooth
Black Tooth
Large White-moss
Bearded Tooth
Brown Long-eared Bat
Hedgehog
Rustic
Buff Ermine
Sallow
Dark-Barred Twin-Spot Carpet
Spinach
Green-Brindled Crescent
Streak
Powdered Quaker
Shaded Broad-Bar
Sprawler
Common Lizard
Common Frog
Bluebell
Butcher's-broom
Bluebell
Zoned Tooth
Mottled Rustic
Pretty Chalk Carpet
White Ermine
Buff Ermine
White Ermine
White Ermine
White Ermine
Small Emerald
Pretty Chalk Carpet
White Ermine
White Ermine
Mottled Rustic
White Ermine
Pretty Chalk Carpet
12,311
12,312
12,313
12,314
12,315
12,319
12,320
12,321
12,322
12,323
12,324
12,325
12,326
12,327
12,328
12,329
12,330
12,333
12,338
12,523
12,979
13,026
13,027
13,028
13,029
13,030
13,031
13,032
13,034
13,035
13,036
13,037
13,038
13,039
13,040
13,041
13,042
13,043
13,044
13,057
13,059
13,069
13,722
13,723
13,724
13,725
13,726
13,727
14,784
14,785
Tyria jacobaeae
Caradrina morpheus
Caradrina morpheus
Caradrina morpheus
Caradrina morpheus
Ecliptopera silaceata
Caradrina morpheus
Hericium erinaceum
Ceramica pisi
Leucobryum glaucum
Meles meles
Ruscus aculeatus
Leucobryum glaucum
Aporophyla lutulenta
Semiothisa wauaria
Phellodon melaleucus
Xanthia gilvago
Agrochola lychnidis
Mesoligia literosa
Brachylomia viminalis
Rhizedra lutosa
Agrochola litura
Amphipoea oculea
Scopula marginepunctata
Tholera cespitis
Ennomos quercinaria
Hericium erinaceus
Phellodon confluens
Caradrina morpheus
Caradrina morpheus
Plecotus auritus
Pipistrellus pipistrellus
Cinnabar
Mottled Rustic
Mottled Rustic
Mottled Rustic
Mottled Rustic
White Ermine
Pretty Chalk Carpet
Dark-barred Twin-spot Carpet
White Ermine
White Ermine
White Ermine
Small Phoenix
White Ermine
White Ermine
Small Phoenix
White Ermine
Mottled Rustic
Small Emerald
Bearded Tooth
Bluebell
Broom Moth
Large White-moss
Eurasian Badger
Butcher's-broom
Bluebell
Large White-moss
Deep-Brown Dart
V-Moth
Grey Tooth
Dusky-Lemon Sallow
Beaded Chestnut
Rosy Minor
Minor Shoulder-Knot
Large Wainscot
Brown-Spot Pinion
Ear Moth
Mullein Wave
Hedge Rustic
August Thorn
Bearded Tooth
Fused Tooth
Velvet Tooth
Mottled Rustic
Pretty Chalk Carpet
White Ermine
White Ermine
Mottled Rustic
Pretty Chalk Carpet
Pipistrelle
16,317
16,318
16,321
17,156
17,420
17,587
17,925
18,206
18,207
18,208
18,209
18,210
18,211
18,212
18,530
18,531
19,553
19,554
20,130
20,267
20,601
20,602
20,603
20,604
20,605
20,606
20,607
20,608
20,609
20,610
20,611
20,614
20,615
20,616
20,617
20,618
20,619
20,620
20,621
20,622
20,623
20,624
20,625
20,626
20,627
21,333
21,334
21,349
21,351
21,973
Ruscus aculeatus
Phellodon melaleucus
Vipera berus
Vipera berus
Leucobryum glaucum
Bombus ruderarius
Lycia hirtaria
Meles meles
Rana temporaria
Muscardinus avellanarius
Lepus europaeus
Erinaceus europaeus
Tyria jacobaeae
Celaena haworthii
Apamea remissa
Arctia caja
Drepana binaria
Agrochola helvola
Perizoma albulata subsp. albulata
Pelurga comitata
Hydraecia micacea
Semiothisa clathrata
Hepialus humuli subsp. humuli
Paradiarsia glareosa subsp. glareosa
Tholera decimalis
Acronicta rumicis
Amphipyra tragopoginis
Atethmia centrago
Caradrina morpheus
Chesias rufata
Lycia hirtaria
Melanchra persicariae
Diarsia rubi
Meles meles
Leucobryum glaucum
Ruscus aculeatus
Leucobryum glaucum
Eptesicus serotinus
Zoned Tooth
Butcher's-Broom
Grey Tooth
Adder
Adder
Large White-moss
Red-tailed Carder Bee
Brindled Beauty
White Ermine
White Ermine
Eurasian Badger
Common Frog
Hazel Dormouse
Hazel Dormouse
Brown Hare
Hedgehog
White Ermine
Cinnabar
Haworth's Minor
Dusky Brocade
Garden Tiger
Oak Hook-Tip
Flounced Chestnut
Grass Rivulet
Dark Spinach
Pretty Chalk Carpet
Rosy Rustic
Latticed Heath
Ghost Moth
Autumnal Rustic
Feathered Gothic
Knotgrass
Mouse Moth
Centre-Barred Sallow
Mottled Rustic
Broom-Tip
Small Phoenix
Small Emerald
Brindled Beauty
Dot Moth
Small Square-Spot
Badger
Large White-moss
Butcher's-broom
Large White-moss
Serotine
22,065
22,571
22,679
23,234
23,300
23,679
23,723
23,726
23,727
23,728
23,729
23,738
23,827
23,828
23,838
23,839
23,840
23,841
23,842
24,406
24,471
24,475
26,084
27,443
27,710
27,740
27,891
28,184
28,566
30,002
30,035
30,041
30,046
30,047
30,048
30,429
30,512
31,897
32,063
32,129
32,700
33,936
33,980
Hericium erinaceum
Rana temporaria
Erinaceus europaeus
Micromys minutus
Caradrina morpheus
Tyria jacobaeae
Caradrina morpheus
Caradrina morpheus
Caradrina morpheus
Caradrina morpheus
Meles meles
Caradrina morpheus
Rana temporaria
Phellodon confluens
Cephalanthera damasonium
Triturus cristatus
Rana temporaria
Anguis fragilis
Erinaceus europaeus
Anguis fragilis
Lacerta vivipara
Vipera berus
Anguis fragilis
Zootoca vivipara
Rana temporaria
Bufo bufo
Natrix natrix
Plecotus auritus
Melampyrum cristatum
Hericium erinaceum
Malacosoma neustria
Cephalanthera damasonium
Common Pipistrelle
Bearded Tooth
Common Frog
Hedgehog
Harvest Mouse
Small Emerald
Mottled Rustic
Cinnabar
Mottled Rustic
Mottled Rustic
Mottled Rustic
Mottled Rustic
Badger
Common Dormouse
White Ermine
White Ermine
White Ermine
Mottled Rustic
White Ermine
Common Frog
Zoned Tooth
Fused Tooth
White Helleborine
Great Crested Newt
Common Frog
Slow-worm
Hedgehog
Slow-worm
Viviparous Lizard
Adder
Slow-worm
Common Lizard
Common Frog
Common Toad
Grass Snake
Pipistrelle
Crested Cow-Wheat
Bluebell
Bearded Tooth
Hazel Dormouse
Lackey
White Helleborine
Records on Recorder 3.3 as at August 2005 (i.e. data to December 2004)
John Badmin, Aug 2007
Scientific name
Records
Common name
Year.
GB status
(most recent)
HEPIALIDAE
Hepialus humuli
Hepialus sylvina
Hepialus hecta
Hepialus lupulinus
Ghost Moth
Orange Swift
Gold Swift
Common Swift
2002
2003
1996
2003
Common
Common
Local
Common
7
13
1
12
PRODOXIDAE
Lampronia flavimitrella
a longhorn moth
1985
pRDB1
1
ADELIDAE
Nematopogon metaxella
Adela reamurella
a longhorn moth
a longhorn moth
1985
2002
Common
2
3
COSSIDAE
Zeuzera pyrina
Leopard Moth
1985
Common
1
TINEIDAE
Morophaga choragella
Tinea trinotella
Leucoptera laburnella
Caloptilia stigmatella
a micro-moth
a micro-moth
Laburnum Leaf Miner
a micro-moth
1986
1985
2002
1987
Local
Common
3
2
1
2
ROESLERSTAMMIIDAE
Roeslerstammia erxlebella
a small ermine moth
1985
Local
2
SESIIDAE
Sesia bembeciformis
Synanthedon tipuliformis
Lunar Hornet Moth
Currant Clearwing
1990
1986
Common
Notable/Nb
1
1
CHORUETIDAE
Anthophila fabriciana
Nettle-tap
1995
Common
2
YPONOMEUTIDAE
Argyresthia brockeella
Pseudoswammerdamia combinella
Swammerdamia caesiella
Ypsolopha mucronella
Ypsolopha dentella
Ypsolopha scabrella
Plutella xylostella
Eidophasia messingiella
a small ermine moth
a small ermine moth
a small ermine moth
a small ermine moth
Honeysuckle Moth
a small ermine moth
Diamond Backed Moth
a small ermine moth
1986
1985
1985
1985
1986
1985
2003
1988
OECOPHORIDAE
Endrosis sarcitrella
Esperia sulphurella
Diurnea fagella
Semioscopis avellanella
Depressaria pastinacella
Agonopterix heracliana
Agonopterix liturosa
White-shouldered House moth
a micro-moth
a micro-moth
a micro-moth
Parsnip Moth
a micro-moth
a micro-moth
1984
1992
1985
1987
1984
1984
1984
Local
Local
Migrant
Local
Common
Common
Common
Common
Local
2
1
2
2
2
2
13
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
GELECHIIDAE
Metzneria metzneriella
Teleiodes proximella
Dichomeris marginella
Brachmia rufescens
a micro-moth
a micro-moth
Juniper Webber
a micro-moth
1985
1989
1989
1985
Local
2
2
2
2
BLASTOBASIDAE
Blastobasis lignea
Blastobasis decolorella
a micro-moth
a micro-moth
1985
1985
Local
Local
2
2
MOMPHIDAE
Mompha raschkiella
Mompha ochraceella
Mompha propinquella
Mompha subbistrigella
a micro-moth
a micro-moth
a micro-moth
a micro-moth
1985
1988
1985
1987
TORTRICIDAE
Phtheochroa rugosana
Agapeta hamana
Cochylis hybridella
Pandemis cerasana
Pandemis heparana
Archips podana
Clepsis spectrana
Clepsis consimilana
Epiphyas postvittana
Adoxyphyes orana
Lozotaeniodes formosanus
Lozotaenia forsterana
Epagoge grotiana
Ditula angustiorana
Olindia schumacherana
Cnephasia stephensiana
Cnephasia interjectana
Cnephasia incertana
Tortricodes alternella
Aleimma loeflingiana
Tortrix viridana
Acleris comariana
Acleris sparsana
Acleris variegana
Acleris hastiana
Acleris cristana
Acleris literana
Acleris emargana
Celypha striana
Olethreutes lacunana
Hedya dimidioalba
Lobesia abscisana
Bactra lancealana
Epinotia ramella
Epinotia immundana
Gypsonoma sociana
Epiblema rosaecolana
Epiblema roborana
Epiblema foenella
Eucosma campoliliana
Eucosma hohenwartiana
Eucosma cana
a micro-moth
a micro-moth
a micro-moth
Barred Fruit-tree Tortrix
Dark Fruit-tree Tortrix
Large Fruit-tree Tortrix
a tortrix moth
a tortrix moth
Light Brown Apple Moth
Summer Fruit Tortrix
a tortrix moth
a tortrix moth
a tortrix moth
Red-barred Tortrix
a tortrix moth
Grey Tortrix
Flax Tortrix
Light Grey Tortrix
a tortrix moth
a tortrix moth
Green Oak Tortrix
Strawberry Tortrix
a tortrix moth
Garden Rose Tortrix
a tortrix moth
a tortrix moth
a tortrix moth
a tortrix moth
a tortrix moth
a tortrix moth
Marbled Orchard Tortrix
a tortrix moth
a tortrix moth
a tortrix moth
a tortrix moth
a tortrix moth
a tortrix moth
a tortrix moth
a tortrix moth
a tortrix moth
a tortrix moth
a tortrix moth
1985
1985
1986
1985
1985
1982
1988
1984
1986
1984
1994
1993
1985
1985
1985
1985
1988
1986
1992
1985
1988
1985
1987
1985
1985
1994
1994
1985
1985
1985
1988
1986
1985
1985
1990
1985
1985
1985
1985
1985
1984
1985
Local
Local
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Notable/Nb
Local
Local
Local
Common
Local
Common
Common
Local
Common
Common
Common
Common
Local
Local
Local
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Local
Local
Local
Common
Common
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
Rhyacionia buoliana
Lathronympha strigana
Cydia pomonella
Pine Shoot Moth
a tortrix moth
Codling Moth
1987
1985
1982
Common
Common
1
1
1
ALUCITIDAE
Alucita hexadactyla
Twenty-plume Moth
1995
Common
1
PYRALIDAE
Calamotropha paludella
Chrysoteuchia culmella
Crambus pascuella
Crambus perlella
Agriphila straminella
Agriphila tristella
Agriphila inquinatella
Agriphila geniculea
Catoptria pinella
Catoptria falsella
Schoenobius gigantella
Schoenobius forficella
Acentria nivea
Scoparia subfusca
Scoparia ambigualis
Eudonia angustea
Eudonia mercurella
Parapoynx stratiotata
Nymphula stagnata
Cataclysta lemnata
Evergestis forficalis
Evergestis pallidata
Pyrausta aurata
Pyrausta purpuralis
Pyrausta cespitalis
Ostrinia nubilalis
Eurrhypara hortulata
Eurrhypara lancealis
Eurrhypara coronata
Anania verbascalis
Ebulea crocealis
Udea prunalis
Udea olivalis
Udea ferrugalis
Nomophila noctuella
Pleuroptya ruralis
Palpita unionalis
Hypsopygia costalis
Synaphe punctalis
Orthopygia glaucinalis
Pyralis farinalis
Endotricha flammealis
Galleria mellonella
Aphomia sociella
Acrobasis repandana
Eurhodope advenella
Eurhodope marmorea
Pempelia obductella
Oncocera formosa
Phycita roborella
Dioryctria abietella
Dioryctia mutatella
a pyralid moth
Garden Grass-veneer
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
Water Veneer
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
Ringed China-mark
Beautiful China Mark
Small China-mark
Garden Pebble
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
European Corn Borer
Small Magpie
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
Rush Veneer
Mother of Pearl
a pyralid moth
Gold Triangle
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
Meal Moth
a pyralid moth
Wax Moth
Bee Moth
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
2001
1984
1994
1984
1986
1986
1986
1985
1985
1985
1985
1994
1994
1985
1984
1985
1985
2001
2001
2001
1998
2001
2001
1996
1995
1994
1996
2001
2001
1996
2001
1985
1986
2003
2003
2001
1997
2001
2001
2001
1996
2001
2001
2002
1995
1986
1985
1995
1988
1985
1985
2001
Notable/Nb
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Local
Local
Notable/Nb
Local
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Local
Local
Local
Local
Local
Common
Common
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
2
1
1
6
10
2
1
3
5
2
1
2
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
Notable/Nb
Common
Common
Common
Migrant
Migrant
Common
Migrant
Common
Notable/Nb
Common
Common
Common
Local
Common
Common
Local
Local
pRDB2
Local
Common
Naturalised,
Naturalised,
Hypochalcia ahenella
Myelois cribrella
Euzophera pinguis
Ephestia parasitella
Phycitodes binaevella
a pyralid moth
Thistle Ermine
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
a pyralid moth
1993
1985
1996
1985
2001
Local
Local
Local
Local
Local
1
1
1
1
3
PTEROPHORIDAE
Stenoptilia zophodactylus
Stenoptilia pterodactyla
Stenoptilia pterodactyla
Pterophorus baliodactylus
Pterophorus pentadactyla
Emmelina monodactyla
a plume moth
a plume moth
a plume moth
a plume moth
White Plume Moth
a plume moth
1995
1985
1985
1995
1995
1995
Local
Local
Common
1
1
1
1
2
1
LASIOCAMPIDAE
Poecilocampa populi
Lasiocampa quercus
Euthrix potatoria
December Moth
Oak Eggar
Drinker
2003
1994
1987
Common
Local
Common
12
2
2
DREPANIDAE
Falcaria lacertinaria
Drepana binaria
Drepana cultraria
Drepana falcataria
Cilix glaucata
Thyatira batis
Habrosyne pyritoides
Tethea ocularis
Tethea or
Tetheella fluctuosa
Ochropacha duplaris
Achlya flavicornis
Scalloped Hook-tip
Oak Hook-tip
Barred Hook-tip
Pebble Hook-tip
Chinese Character
Peach Blossom
Buff Arches
Figure of Eighty
Poplar Lutestring
Satin Lutestring
Common Lutestring
Yellow Horned
2000
1999
2003
2003
1998
2003
2003
1999
1996
2003
2002
2002
Common
Common
Local
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Local
Notable/Nb
Common
Common
4
4
3
8
3
5
9
4
2
12
7
6
GEOMETRIDAE
Alsophila aescularia
Pseudoterpna pruinata
Geometra papilionaria
Comibaena bajularia
Hemithea aestivaria
Jodis lactearia
Cyclophora albipunctata
Cyclophora linearia
Timandra griseata
Scopula marginepunctata
Scopula imitaria
Scopula floslactata
Idaea vulpinaria
Idaea biselata
Idaea fuscovenosa
Idaea seriata
Idaea dimidiata
Idaea subsericeata
Idaea trigeminata
Idaea aversata
Idaea straminata
Rhodometra sacraria
Orthonama obstipata
Xanthorhoe designata
Xanthorhoe spadicearia
March Moth
Grass Emerald
Large Emerald
Blotched Emerald
Common Emerald
Small Emerald
Little Emerald
Birch Mocha
Clay Triple-lines
Blood-vein
Mullein Wave
Small Blood-vein
Cream Wave
Least Carpet
Small Fan-footed Wave
Dwarf Cream Wave
Small Dusty Wave
Single-dotted Wave
Satin Wave
Treble Brown Spot
Riband Wave
Plain Wave
Vestal
Gem
Flame Carpet
Red Twin-spot Carpet
2003
2000
2003
1989
2003
2003
2003
2001
2001
2003
1990
2003
1997
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2000
2003
2003
1997
2002
2000
2003
2003
Common
Common
Common
Local
Common
Local
Common
Local
Local
Common
Local
Common
Local
Notable/Nb
Common
Local
Common
Common
Common
Local
Common
Local
Migrant
Migrant
Common
Common
11
1
8
1
10
9
7
8
9
10
1
11
1
12
12
10
10
12
3
12
12
2
4
2
12
8
Xanthorhoe quadrifasciata
Xanthorhoe montanata
Xanthorhoe fluctuata
Scotopteryx chenopodiata
Epirrhoe alternata
Epirrhoe rivata
Camptogramma bilineata
Larentia clavaria
Anticlea badiata
Anticlea derivata
Mesoleuca albicillata
Pelurga comitata
Cosmorhoe ocellata
Eulithis prunata
Eulithis testata
Eulithis mellinata
Eulithis pyraliata
Chloroclysta siterata
Chloroclysta truncata
Cidaria fulvata
Plemyria rubiginata
Thera obeliscata
Thera britannica
Electrophaes corylata
Colostigia multistrigaria
Colostygia pectinataria
Hydriomena furcata
Hydriomena impluviata
Horisme vitalbata
Horisme tersata
Spargania luctuata
Rheumaptera cervinalis
Rheumaptera undulata
Triphosa dubitata
Philereme transversata
Euphyia biangulata
Epirrita dilutata
Epirrita christyi
Operophtera brumata
Operophtera fagata
Perizoma affinitata
Perizoma alchemillata
Perizoma bifaciata
Perizoma albulata
Perizoma flavofasciata
Perizoma didymata
Eupithecia tenuiata
Eupithecia inturbata
Eupithecia haworthiata
Eupithecia plumbeolata
Eupithecia linariata
Eupithecia pulchellata
Eupithecia exiguata
Eupithecia venosata
Eupithecia centaureata
Eupithecia intricata
Eupithecia absinthiata
Large Twin-spot Carpet
Silver-ground Carpet
Garden Carpet
Shaded Broad-bar
Common Carpet
Wood Carpet
Yellow Shell
Mallow
Shoulder Stripe
Streamer
Beautiful Carpet
Dark Spinach
Purple Bar
Phoenix
Chevron
Spinach
Barred Straw
Small Phoenix
Red-green Carpet
Common Marbled Carpet
Barred Yellow
Blue-bordered Carpet
Grey Pine Carpet
Spruce Carpet
Broken-barred Carpet
Mottled Grey
Green Carpet
July Highflyer
May Highflyer
Small Waved Umber
The Fern
Pretty Chalk Carpet
White-banded Carpet
Scarce Tissue
Scallop Shell
Tissue
Dark Umber
Cloaked Carpet
November Moth
Pale November Moth
Winter Moth
Northern Winter Moth
Rivulet
Small Rivulet
Barred Rivulet
Grass Rivulet
Sandy Carpet
Twin-spot Carpet
Slender Pug
Maple Pug
Haworth's Pug
Lead-coloured Pug
Toadflax Pug
Foxglove Pug
Mottled Pug
Netted Pug
Lime-speck Pug
Freyer's Pug
Wormwood Pug
2003
2003
2003
2002
2001
2003
2001
1997
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2001
1989
2000
2003
2003
2000
2003
2001
2001
2001
2002
2003
1999
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2000
1997
2001
1990
2003
1997
2003
2000
2003
1991
2001
2003
2001
1991
2003
1999
1996
1990
1996
1989
2003
2003
2001
1996
2003
2000
2000
Common
Local
Common
Common
Common
Common
Local
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Na
Local
Local
Local
Local
Notable/Nb
Common
Local
Common
Common
Common
Common
Local
Local
Common
Common
Local
Local
Local
Notable/Nb
Common
Common
Common
Local
Common
Common
12
5
11
9
8
12
4
3
10
7
6
3
8
12
5
2
1
12
13
1
12
3
1
7
5
2
3
13
12
8
10
8
12
4
2
4
2
5
2
4
2
10
2
4
11
3
2
8
3
2
1
1
2
7
6
6
2
9
7
3
Eupithecia assimilata
Eupithecia expallidata
Eupithecia vulgata
Eupithecia tripunctaria
Eupithecia denotata
Eupithecia subfuscata
Eupithecia icterata
Eupithecia succenturiata
Eupithecia simpliciata
Eupithecia nanata
Eupithecia abbreviata
Eupithecia dodoneata
Eupithecia pusillata
Eupithecia phoeniceata
Eupithecia lariciata
Chloroclystis v-ata
Chloroclystis chloerata
Chloroclystis rectangulata
Gymnoscelis rufifasciata
Chesias legatella
Chesias rufata
Aplocera plagiata
Aplocera efformata
Asthena albulata
Hydrelia flammeolaria
Hydrelia sylvata
Lobophora halterata
Trichopteryx carpinata
Acasis viretata
Abraxas grossulariata
Lomaspilis marginata
Ligdia adustata
Semiothisa notata
Semiothisa liturata
Semiothisa clathrata
Semiothisa wauaria
Petrophora chlorosata
Plagodis pulveraria
Plagodis dolabraria
Opisthograptis luteolata
Epione repandaria
Apeira syringaria
Ennomos autumnaria
Ennomos quercinaria
Ennomos alniaria
Selenia dentaria
Selenia tetralunaria
Odontopera bidentata
Crocallis elinguaria
Ourapteryx sambucaria
Colotois pennaria
Angerona prunaria
Apocheima pilosaria
Lycia hirtaria
Biston strataria
Biston betularia
Agriopis leucophaearia
Agriopis aurantiaria
Agriopis marginaria
Erannis defoliaria
Currant Pug
Bleached Pug
Common Pug
White-spotted Pug
Campanula Pug
Grey Pug
Tawny-speckled Pug
Bordered Pug
Plain Pug
Narrow-winged Pug
Brindled Pug
Oak-tree Pug
Juniper Pug
Cypress Pug
Larch Pug
V-Pug
Sloe Pug
Green Pug
Double-striped Pug
Streak
Broom-tip
Treble Bar
Lesser Treble-bar
Small White Wave
Small Yellow Wave
Waved Carpet
Seraphim
Early Tooth-striped
Yellow-barred Brindle
Magpie Moth
Clouded Border
Scorched Carpet
Peacock Moth
Tawny-barred Angle
Latticed Heath
V-Moth
Brown Silver-line
Barred Umber
Scorched Wing
Brimstone Moth
Bordered Beauty
Lilac Beauty
Large Thorn
August Thorn
Canary-shouldered Thorn
Early Thorn
Purple Thorn
Scalloped Hazel
Scalloped Oak
Swallow-tailed Moth
Feathered Thorn
Orange Moth
Pale Brindled Beauty
Brindled Beauty
Oak Beauty
Peppered Moth
Spring Usher
Scarce Umber
Dotted Border
Mottled Umber
2001
1994
2001
2000
1990
2000
2002
1999
1998
1998
2000
2000
2000
2003
1998
2001
1992
2001
2001
2001
2003
1991
2003
2003
1996
2003
1995
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
1985
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2001
1996
1989
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2001
1991
2003
2003
2003
Common
Notable/Nb
Common
Local
Na
Common
Common
Common
Local
Local
Common
Common
Local
Naturalised,
Local
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Local
Local
Common
Common
Common
Notable/Nb
Local
Common
Local
Common
Common
Local
Local
Common
Common
Local
Common
Local
Local
Common
Local
Local
Notable/Nb
Local
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Local
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
6
2
6
4
2
2
8
5
1
1
4
2
3
2
2
4
2
3
4
4
9
2
9
1
2
1
1
4
5
12
12
7
8
4
9
2
12
3
12
12
6
5
2
2
9
12
10
12
12
3
12
8
8
8
8
8
3
4
13
7
Menophra abruptaria
Peribatodes rhomboidaria
Alcis repandata
Serraca punctinalis
Ectropis bistortata
Ematurga atomaria
Cabera pusaria
Cabera exanthemata
Lomographa bimaculata
Lomographa temerata
Theria primaria
Campaea margaritata
Waved Umber
Willow Beauty
Mottled Beauty
Pale Oak Beauty
Engrailed
Common Heath
Common White Wave
Common Wave
White-pinion Spotted
Clouded Silver
Early Moth
Light Emerald
2002
2003
2003
2003
2003
1993
2003
2003
2003
2003
2002
2003
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
5
12
12
12
13
1
12
12
5
9
3
12
SPHINGIDAE
Sphinx ligustri
Laothoe populi
Deilephila elpenor
Privet Hawk-moth
Poplar Hawk-moth
Elephant Hawk-moth
1994
2003
1998
Common
Common
Common
1
9
2
NOTODONTIDAE
Furcula furcula
Notodonta dromedarius
Eligmodonta ziczac
Pheosia gnoma
Pheosia tremula
Ptilodon capucina
Odontosia carmelita
Pterostoma palpina
Ptilophora plumigera
Drymonia dodonaea
Drymonia ruficornis
Clostera curtula
Phalera bucephala
Sallow Kitten
Iron Prominent
Pebble Prominent
Lesser Swallow Prominent
Swallow Prominent
Coxcomb Prominent
Scarce Prominent
Pale Prominent
Plumed Prominent
Marbled Brown
Lunar Marbled Brown
Chocolate-tip
Buff-tip
2003
1996
1997
2002
1999
2003
1995
2002
1989
1988
1986
2003
2003
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Local
Common
Na
Common
Local
Local
Common
1
1
2
9
2
9
1
5
1
1
1
7
8
LYMANTRIIDAE
Orgyia antiqua
Calliteara pudibunda
Euproctis chrysorrhoea
Euproctis similis
Leucoma salicis
Vapourer
Pale Tussock
Brown-tail
Yellow-tail
White Satin
2002
2003
2001
2003
1985
Common
Common
Local
Common
Local
3
10
3
4
1
ARCTIIDAE
Miltochrista miniata
Cybosia mesomella
Eilema griseola
Eilema complana
Eilema deplana
Eilema lurideola
Arctia caja
Spilosoma luteum
Diaphora mendica
Phragmatobia fuliginosa
Tyria jacobaeae
Rosy Footman
Four-dotted Footman
Dingy Footman
Scarce Footman
Buff Footman
Common Footman
Garden Tiger
White Ermine
Buff Ermine
Muslin Moth
Ruby Tiger
Cinnabar
2003
2001
2003
2003
2003
2003
1999
2003
2003
2003
2003
1997
Local
Local
Common
Local
Local
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
12
7
13
12
2
12
3
11
12
8
6
1
NOLIDAE
Nola cucullatella
Nola confusalis
Short-cloaked Moth
Least Black Arches
1999
2003
Common
Local
2
6
NOCTUIDAE
Agrotis segetum
Agrotis clavis
Agrotis exclamationis
Agrotis ipsilon
Agrotis puta
Axylia putris
Ochropleura plecta
Rhyacia simulans
Noctua pronuba
Noctua comes
Noctua fimbriata
Noctua janthe
Noctua interjecta
Paradiarsia glareosa
Lycophotia porphyrea
Peridroma saucia
Diarsia mendica
Diarsia brunnea
Diarsia rubi
Xestia c-nigrum
Xestia triangulum
Xestia baja
Xestia rhomboidea
Xestia sexstrigata
Xestia xanthographa
Naenia typica
Anaplectoides prasina
Cerastis rubricosa
Cerastis leucographa
Discestra trifolii
Hada nana
Polia nebulosa
Mamestra brassicae
Melanchra persicariae
Lacanobia thalassina
Lacanobia oleracea
Ceramica pisi
Hecatera bicolorata
Hadena perplexa
Hadena compta
Hadena bicruris
Cerapteryx graminis
Tholera cespitis
Tholera decimalis
Panolis flammea
Orthosia cruda
Orthosia populeti
Orthosia gracilis
Orthosia cerasi
Orthosia incerta
Orthosia munda
Orthosia gothica
Mythimna conigera
Mythimna ferrago
Mythimna albipuncta
Mythimna impura
Mythimna pallens
Cucullia absinthii
Turnip Moth
Heart and Club
Heart and Dart
Dark Sword-grass
Shuttle Shaped Dart
Flame
Flame Shoulder
Dotted Rustic
Large Yellow Underwing
Lesser Yellow Underwing
Broad-bordered Yellow U/w
Lesser Broad Bordered Y U/w
Least Yellow Underwing
Autumnal Rustic
True Lover's Knot
Pearly Underwing
Ingrailed Clay
Purple Clay
Small Square-spot
Setaceous Hebrew Character
Double Square-spot
Dotted Clay
Square-spotted Clay
Six-striped Rustic
Square-spot Rustic
Gothic
Green Arches
Red Chestnut
White-marked
Nutmeg
Shears
Grey Arches
Cabbage Moth
Dot Moth
Pale-shouldered Brocade
Bright-line Brown-eye
Broom Moth
Broad-barred White
Tawny Shears
Varied Coronet
Lychnis
Antler
Hedge Rustic
Feathered Gothic
Pine Beauty
Small Quaker
Lead-coloured Drab
Powdered Quaker
Common Quaker
Clouded Drab
Twin-spotted Quaker
Hebrew Character
Brown-line Bright Eye
Clay
White-point
Smoky Wainscot
Common Wainscot
Wormwood
2003
2003
2003
1995
2003
2003
2003
1985
2003
2003
2003
2003
1985
2002
2000
2000
2003
2003
2002
2003
2003
1997
2000
2002
2003
1991
2003
2003
1994
1996
1998
2001
2003
2003
1999
2003
1982
1998
2002
1991
1995
1997
1990
2002
2001
2003
1989
2001
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
1999
2003
2003
1985
Common
Common
Common
Migrant
Common
Common
Common
Local
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Migrant
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Notable/Nb
Common
Common
Local
Common
Common
Notable/Nb
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Local
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Local
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Migrant
Common
Common
Notable/Nb
13
4
13
2
12
10
12
1
12
10
6
12
2
4
3
2
12
9
10
12
12
2
1
7
12
2
2
6
1
2
2
5
10
5
3
12
2
2
5
2
3
3
2
4
4
10
2
3
10
12
12
12
2
8
1
12
12
1
Brachylomia viminalis
Brachionycha sphinx
Aporophyla lutulenta
Aporophyla nigra
Lithophane semibrunnea
Lithophane hepatica
Lithophane ornitopus
Lithophane leautieri
Xylocampa areola
Allophyes oxyacanthae
Dichonia aprilina
Eumichtis lichenea
Eupsilia transversa
Conistra vaccinii
Conistra ligula
Agrochola circellaris
Agrochola lota
Agrochola macilenta
Agrochola helvola
Agrochola litura
Agrochola lychnidis
Parastichtis suspecta
Atethmia centrago
Omphaloscelis lunosa
Xanthia aurago
Xanthia togata
Xanthia icteritia
Xanthia gilvago
Acronicta megacephala
Acronicta aceris
Acronicta leporina
Acronicta rumicis
Cryphia domestica
Amphipyra pyramidea
Amphipyra berbera
Amphipyra tragopoginis
Mormo maura
Dypterygia scabriuscula
Rusina ferruginea
Thalpophila matura
Euplexia lucipara
Phlogophora meticulosa
Ipimorpha subtusa
Cosmia trapezina
Apamea monoglypha
Apamea lithoxylea
Apamea epomidion
Apamea remissa
Apamea sordens
Apamea scolopacina
Apamea ophiogramma
Oligia fasciuncula
Mesoligia furuncula
Mesoligia literosa
Mesapamea secalis agg.
Photedes minima
Photedes pygmina
Eremobia ochroleuca
Luperina testacea
Amphipoea oculea
Minor Shoulder-knot
Sprawler
Deep-brown Dart
Black Rustic
Tawny Pinion
Pale Pinion
Grey Shoulder-knot
Blair's Shoulder-knot
Early Grey
Green-brindled Crescent
Merveille du Jour
Feathered Ranunculus
Satellite
Chestnut
Dark Chestnut
Brick
Red-line Quaker
Yellow-line Quaker
Flounced Chestnut
Brown-spot Pinion
Beaded Chestnut
Suspected
Centre-barred Sallow
Lunar Underwing
Barred Sallow
Pink-barred Sallow
Sallow
Dusky-lemon Sallow
Poplar Grey
Sycamore
Miller
Knotgrass
Marbled Beauty
Copper Underwing
Svensson's Copper Underwing
Mouse Moth
Old Lady
Bird's Wing
Brown Rustic
Straw Underwing
Small Angle Shades
Angle Shades
Olive
Dun-bar
Dark Arches
Light Arches
Clouded Brindle
Dusky Brocade
Rustic Shoulder-knot
Slender Brindle
Double Lobed
Middle-barred Minor
Cloaked Minor
Rosy Minor
Common Rustic species
Small Dotted Buff
Small Wainscot
Dusky Sallow
Flounced Rustic
Ear Moth
1992
2001
1985
1994
2002
2002
1993
2002
2002
2001
1987
2003
2003
2003
1992
2003
2002
2003
1991
1994
1996
1997
2003
2003
2003
1996
2003
1986
1986
2001
1995
2003
2000
1996
1991
2003
1984
2002
2003
2003
2002
2003
1992
2003
2003
1997
1996
1999
1995
2003
1994
2003
2003
1996
1984
2003
1992
2003
2003
1987
Common
Local
Common
Common
Local
Local
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Local
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Local
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Local
Common
Local
Common
Common
Common
Common
Local
Common
Local
Local
Common
Common
Common
Common
Local
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Local
Local
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
2
4
2
3
3
3
1
5
10
5
2
13
9
12
2
10
9
12
2
2
3
2
9
12
5
2
12
2
2
4
2
6
3
2
1
7
1
3
11
12
4
12
3
12
12
3
3
3
2
8
2
9
10
2
1
4
2
2
12
1
Hydraecia micacea
Gortyna flavago
Archanara sparganii
Rhizedra lutosa
Coenobia rufa
Charanyca trigrammica
Hoplodrina alsines
Hoplodrina blanda
Hoplodrina ambigua
Spodoptera exigua
Caradrina morpheus
Caradrina clavipalpis
Pyrrhia umbra
Heliothis peltigera
Lithacodia pygarga
Pseudoips fagana
Nycteola revayana
Colocasia coryli
Diachrysia chrysitis
Polychrysia moneta
Autographa gamma
Autographa pulchrina
Autographa jota
Abrostola triplasia
Catocala nupta
Euclidea glyphica
Scoliopteryx libatrix
Laspeyria flexula
Rivula sericealis
Parascotia fuliginaria
Hypena crassalis
Hypena proboscidalis
Schrankia costaestrigalis
Schrankia taenialis
Herminea tarsipennalis
Herminia grisealis
Macrochilo cribrumalis
Rosy Rustic
Frosted Orange
Webb's Wainscot
Large Wainscot
Small Rufous
Treble Lines
Uncertain
Rustic
Vine's Rustic
Small Mottled Willow
Mottled Rustic
Pale Mottled Willow
Bordered Sallow
Bordered Straw
Marbled White Spot
Green Silver-lines
Oak Nycteoline
Nut-tree Tussock
Burnished Brass
Golden Plusia
Silver Y
Beautiful Golden Y
Plain Golden Y
Spectacle
Red Underwing
Burnet Companion
Herald
Beautiful Hook-tip
Straw Dot
Waved Black
Beautiful Snout
Snout
Pinion-streaked Snout
White lined Snout
Fan-foot
Small Fan-foot
Dotted Fan-foot
2002
2001
1989
1992
1985
2001
2003
2001
2003
2003
2003
1999
2002
1994
2003
1995
1996
1997
2003
1996
2003
2002
1993
2003
1996
1998
1995
1992
2003
2003
2003
2003
2003
1996
2003
2003
1990
Common
Common
Notable/Nb
Common
Local
Common
Common
Common
Migrant
Common
Common
Local
Migrant
Common
Common
Local
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Common
Local
Common
Local
Common
Notable/Nb
Local
Common
Local
Notable/Nb
Common
Common
Notable/Nb
10
5
3
2
2
6
12
8
10
1
13
3
3
3
9
2
2
3
10
2
13
3
2
12
3
1
2
2
10
12
4
13
2
1
12
12
2
Some 2,495 records covering just over 500 species, most records by JS Badmin.
(NB only 32 records for TR05M, so ignored).
Note that my moth data is not all on one system yet, so there may be more records for the area,
especially historical records for the micros.
Names and National Status as per Recorder 3.3 and not adjusted for updates.
The “Records” column shows the number of records for that species at the site held on my computer. It
is intrinsically meaningless but gives an indication of the more common species. Thus a count of 12
usually implies first and last dates for six years (i.e. a regularly seen species there) while a count of 1
implies something rarer there (which may be the moth or person capable and willing to report it!).
Common
Local
Naturalised
N Nationally notable, but not separated into ‘A’ or ‘B’.
Na Notable A species (occurring in less than 30 10km squares).
Nb Notable B species (occurring in less than 100 10km squares).
NR Nationally rare (occurring in 15 or fewer 10km squares).
NS Nationally scarce (occurring in 16-100 10km squares).
pRDB1 Species provisionally to be included in national Red Data Book updates. RDB1: endangered
PERRY WOOD FORAY 12.10.2003
Leader Jo Weightman
AGARICALES mushrooms and toadstools
Amanita muscaria
fly agaric
Armillaria mellea
honey fungus
Baeospora myosura
Clitocybe gibba
Coprinus micaceus
inkcap
Coprinus plicatilis
Hebeloma crustuliniforme poison pie
Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca
false chanterelle
Hypholoma fasciculare sulphur tuft
Inocybe maculata
Laccaria laccata deceiver
Lactarius turpis the ugly one
Melanoleuca polioleuca
Mycena arcangeliana
Mycena galericulata
Mycena galopus
Mycena inclinata
Mycena leptocephala
Mycena speirea
Mycena vitilis
Paxillus involutus
rollrim
Pluteus cervinus
Psathyrella piluliformis
Rhodocollybia fusipes
Russula parazurea (not grisea after all)
APHYLLOPHORALES brackets, puffballs etc
Daedalea quercina
Daedaleopsis confragosa
Ganoderma applanatum
Hericium erinaceum *
Lenzites betulina
Lycoperdon perlatum
puffball
Phlebiella vaga
Polyporus squamosus
dryad`s saddle
Scleroderma citrinum
common earth ball
Trametes versicolor
ASCOMYCETALES
Hypoxylon fragiforme
Hypoxylon multiforme
Erysiphe urticae
mildew on stinging nettle
Microsphaera alphitoides mildew on oak
Uncinula adunca
mildew on goat willow

I found 5 West Kent sites on my database and none for East Kent so this is the first as I thought. It
occurs in the New Forest and I know of one record for Herefordshire. Very rare in the UK.

Appendices - Perry Wood

Transcription

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